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Fu C, Han C, Yu Z, Liu D, Wei Y, Han Y. Ethylene induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 take part in ethylene synthesis through mediating AcACO1 during kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) ripening. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7367-7374. [PMID: 38661291 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene plays a vital role in the ripening process of kiwifruit. A terrific amount of transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to regulate ethylene synthesis in various fruits. RESULTS In this research, two new NAC TFs, named AcNAC3 and AcNAC4, were isolated from kiwifruit, which belonged to NAM subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were hydrophilic proteins with similar three-dimensional structures. The expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1 increased during kiwifruit ripening, as well as were induced by ethylene and repressed by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Correlation analysis exhibited that ethylene production was positively correlated with the expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1. Moreover, both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 acted as transcriptional activators and could bind to and activate AcACO1 promoter. CONCLUSION All results unveiled that the ethylene-induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were transcriptional activators, and might participate in kiwifruit ripening and ethylene biosynthesis through activating AcACO1, providing a new insight of ethylene synthetic regulation during kiwifruit ripening. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zuolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Fu C, Han C, Wei Y, Liu D, Han Y. Two NAC transcription factors regulated fruit softening through activating xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes during kiwifruit ripening. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130678. [PMID: 38458276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is a climacteric fruit that is prone to ripening and softening. Understanding molecular regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit softening, is helpful to ensure long-term storage of fruit. In the study, two NAC TFs and two XTH genes were isolated from kiwifruit. Phylogenetic tree showed that both AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 belonged to NAP subfamily, AcXTH1 belong to I subfamily, and AcXTH2 belong to III subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 possessed similar three-dimensional structural, and belonged to hydrophilic proteins. AcXTH1 and AcXTH2 were hydrophilic proteins and contained signal peptides. AcXTH1 had a transmembrane structure, but AcXTH2 did not. qRT-PCR results showed that AcNAC1, AcNAC2, AcXTH1 and AcXTH2 were increased during kiwifruit ripening. Correlation analysis showed that kiwifruit softening was closely related to endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes and NAC TFs, as well as there was also a close relationship between AcXTHs and AcNACs. Moreover, both AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 were transcriptional activators located in nucleus, which bound to and activated the promoters of AcXTH1 and AcXTH2. In shortly, we proved that the roles of NAC TFs in mediating fruit softening during kiwifruit ripening. Altogether, our results clarified that AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 were transcriptional activators, and took part in kiwifruit ripening and softening through activating endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes, providing a new insight of fruit softening network in kiwifruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Chao Han
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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Huang Y, Shi Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu S, He G, An K, Guan F, Zheng Y, Wang X, Wei S. PnNAC2 promotes the biosynthesis of Panax notoginseng saponins and induces early flowering. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:73. [PMID: 38379012 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PnNAC2 positively regulates saponin biosynthesis by binding the promoters of key biosynthetic genes, including PnSS, PnSE, and PnDS. PnNAC2 accelerates flowering through directly associating with the promoters of FT genes. NAC transcription factors play an important regulatory role in both terpenoid biosynthesis and flowering. Saponins with multiple pharmacological activities are recognized as the major active components of Panax notoginseng. The P. notoginseng flower is crucial for growth and used for medicinal and food purposes. However, the precise function of the P. notoginseng NAC transcription factor in the regulation of saponin biosynthesis and flowering remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of a specific NAC transcription factor, designated as PnNAC2, from P. notoginseng. PnNAC2 was identified as a nuclear-localized protein with transcription activator activity. The expression profile of PnNAC2 across various tissues mirrored the accumulation pattern of total saponins. Knockdown experiments of PnNAC2 in P. notoginseng calli revealed a significant reduction in saponin content and the expression level of pivotal saponin biosynthetic genes, including PnSS, PnSE, and PnDS. Subsequently, Y1H assays, dual-LUC assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that PnNAC2 exhibits binding affinity to the promoters of PnSS, PnSE and PnDS, thereby activating their transcription. Additionally, an overexpression assay of PnNAC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana witnessed the acceleration of flowering and the induction of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene expression. Furthermore, PnNAC2 demonstrated the ability to bind to the promoters of AtFT and PnFT genes, further activating their transcription. In summary, these results revealed that PnNAC2 acts as a multifunctional regulator, intricately involved in the modulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and flowering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhu Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojie He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanyuan Guan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
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Liang MH, Li XY. Involvement of Transcription Factors and Regulatory Proteins in the Regulation of Carotenoid Accumulation in Plants and Algae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18660-18673. [PMID: 38053506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms, which are widely used in food coloring, feed additives, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants or algae has been considered as a sustainable strategy to improve human nutrition and health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation are still not systematic and particularly scarce in algae. This article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in plants and algae through regulatory factors (transcription factors and regulatory proteins), demonstrating the complexity of homeostasis regulation of carotenoids, mainly including transcriptional regulation as the primary mechanism, subsequent post-translational regulation, and cross-linking with other metabolic processes. Different organs of plants and different plant/algal species usually have specific regulatory mechanisms for the biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of carotenoids in response to the environmental and developmental signals. In plants and algae, regulators such as MYB, bHLH, MADS, bZIP, AP2/ERF, WRKY, and orange proteins can be involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism. And many more regulators, regulatory networks, and mechanisms need to be explored. Our paper will provide a basis for multitarget or multipathway engineering for carotenoid biofortification in plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xian-Yi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Li H, Zhu X, Yin Y, Zhang X, Qin X, Zhou J, Duan L, Liang X, Huang T, Zhang B, Wan R, Shi Z, Cao Y, An W. ERF5.1 modulates carotenoid accumulation by interacting with CCD4.1 in Lycium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad230. [PMID: 38143484 PMCID: PMC10745278 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important natural pigments and have medical and health functions for humans. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) participate in carotenoid metabolism, but their roles in Lycium have not been discovered. Here, we annotated LbCCDs from the Lycium reference genome and found that LbCCD4.1 expression was significantly correlated with the carotenoid metabolites during Lycium five fruit developmental stages. Over-expression of LbCCD4.1 in NQ's leaves resulted in a series of significantly lower contents of carotenoid metabolites, including β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. Moreover, LbERF5.1, a transcription factor belonging to the ERF family that was located in the nucleus, was isolated. Significant reductions in the carotenoids, especially lutein, violaxanthin and their derivatives, were observed in over-expressing ERF5.1 transgenic NQ's leaves. Over-expression or virus-induced gene silencing of LbERF5.1 in NQ's leaves induced a consistent up- or down-expression, respectively, of LbCCD4.1. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that ERF5.1 interacted with the promoter of CCD4.1 to increase its expression, and LbERF5.1 could bind to any one of the three predicted binding sites in the promoter of LbCCD4.1. A transcriptome analysis of LbERF5.1 and LbCCD4.1 over-expressed lines showed similar global transcript expression, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene δ-cyclase cytochrome, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97A, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C, and zeaxanthin epoxidase in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were differentially expressed. In summary, we uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation that involved an interaction between ERF5.1 and CCD4.1, which may be used to enhance carotenoid in Lycium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Haoxia Li
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xinlei Zhu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Linyuan Duan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ting Huang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ru Wan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Zhigang Shi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
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6
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Espley RV, Jaakola L. The role of environmental stress in fruit pigmentation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3663-3679. [PMID: 37555620 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
For many fruit crops, the colour of the fruit outwardly defines its eating quality. Fruit pigments provide reproductive advantage for the plant as well as providing protection against unfavourable environmental conditions and pathogens. For consumers these colours are considered attractive and provide many of the dietary benefits derived from fruits. In the majority of species, the main pigments are either carotenoids and/or anthocyanins. They are produced in the fruit as part of the ripening process, orchestrated by phytohormones and an ensuing transcriptional cascade, culminating in pigment biosynthesis. Whilst this is a controlled developmental process, the production of pigments is also attuned to environmental conditions such as light quantity and quality, availability of water and ambient temperature. If these factors intensify to stress levels, fruit tissues respond by increasing (or ceasing) pigment production. In many cases, if the stress is not severe, this can have a positive outcome for fruit quality. Here, we focus on the principal environmental factors (light, temperature and water) that can influence fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Espley
- Department of New Cultivar Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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7
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Sun Q, He Z, Wei R, Yin Y, Ye J, Chai L, Xie Z, Guo W, Xu J, Cheng Y, Xu Q, Deng X. Transcription factor CsTT8 promotes fruit coloration by positively regulating the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in citrus ( Citrus spp.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad199. [PMID: 38023480 PMCID: PMC10673655 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids directly influence citrus fruit color and nutritional value, which is critical to consumer acceptance. Elucidating the potential molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid metabolism is of great importance for improving fruit quality. Despite the well-established carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying carotenoid metabolism remains poorly understood. Our previous studies have reported that the Myc-type basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) regulates citrus proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Transgenic analyses further showed that overexpression of CsTT8 could significantly promote carotenoid accumulation in transgenic citrus calli, but its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we found that overexpression of CsTT8 enhances carotenoid content in citrus fruit and calli by increasing the expression of CsDXR, CsHDS, CsHDR, CsPDS, CsLCYE, CsZEP, and CsNCED2, which was accompanied by changes in the contents of abscisic acid and gibberellin. The in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that CsTT8 directly bound to the promoters of CsDXR, CsHDS, and CsHDR, the key metabolic enzymes of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, thus providing precursors for carotenoid biosynthesis and transcriptionally activating the expression of these three genes. In addition, CsTT8 activated the promoters of four key carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes, CsPDS, CsLCYE, CsZEP, and CsNCED2, directly promoting carotenoid biosynthesis. This study reveals a novel network of carotenoid metabolism regulated by CsTT8. Our findings will contribute to manipulating carotenoid metabolic engineering to improve the quality of citrus fruit and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhengchen He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ranran Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Yin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Wei W, Yang YY, Chen JY, Lakshmanan P, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Shan W. MaNAC029 modulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit quality and undergoes MaXB3-mediated proteasomal degradation during banana ripening. J Adv Res 2023; 53:33-47. [PMID: 36529351 PMCID: PMC10658243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS Ethylene regulates ripening by activating various metabolic pathways that controlcolor, aroma, flavor, texture, and consequently, the quality of fruits. However, the modulation of ethylene biosynthesis and quality formation during banana fruit ripening remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to identify the regulatory module that regulates ethylene and fruit quality-related metabolisms during banana fruit ripening. METHODS We used RNA-seq to compare unripe and ripe banana fruits and identified a ripening-induced NAC transcription factor, MaNAC029. We further performed DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify the MaNAC029's target genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and fruit quality formation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation with real-time polymerase chain reaction and dual luciferase assays to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay were used to screen and verify the proteins interacting with MaNAC029. Finally, the function of MaNAC029 and its interacting protein associated with ethylene biosynthesis and quality formation was verified through transient overexpression experiments in banana fruits. RESULTS The study identified a nucleus-localized, ripening-induced NAC transcription factor MaNAC029. It transcriptionally activated genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and a variety of cellular metabolisms related to fruit quality formation (cell wall degradation, starch degradation, aroma compound synthesis, and chlorophyll catabolism) by directly modulating their promoter activity during ripening. Overexpression of MaNAC029 in banana fruits activated ethylene biosynthesis and accelerated fruit ripening and quality formation. Notably, the E3 ligase MaXB3 interacted with and ubiquitinated MaNAC029 protein, facilitating MaNAC029 proteasomal degradation. Consistent with this finding, MaXB3 overexpression attenuated MaNAC029-enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and quality formation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that a MaXB3-MaNAC029 module regulates ethylene biosynthesis and a series of cellular metabolisms related to fruit quality formation during banana ripening. These results expand the understanding of the transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms of fruit ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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9
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Fang X, Li S, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Xiong C, Wang X, Luan F, Liu S. Clorf Encodes Carotenoid Isomerase and Regulates Orange Flesh Color in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15445-15455. [PMID: 37815876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Flesh color is a significant characteristic of watermelon. Although various flesh-color genes have been identified, the inheritance and molecular basis of the orange flesh trait remain relatively unexplored. In the present study, the genetic analysis of six generations derived from W1-1 (red flesh) and W1-61 (orange flesh) revealed that the orange flesh color trait was regulated by a single recessive gene, Clorf (orange flesh). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) locked the range to ∼4.66 Mb, and initial mapping situated the Clorf locus within a 688.35-kb region of watermelon chromosome 10. Another 1,026 F2 plants narrowed the Clorf locus to a 304.62-kb region containing 32 candidate genes. Subsequently, genome sequence variations in this 304.62-kb region were extracted for in silico BSA strategy among 11 resequenced lines (one orange flesh and ten nonorange flesh) and finally narrowed the Clorf locus into an 82.51-kb region containing nine candidate genes. Sequence variation analysis of coding regions and gene expression levels supports Cla97C10G200950 as the most possible candidate for Clorf, which encodes carotenoid isomerase (Crtiso). This study provides a genetic resource for investigating the orange flesh color of watermelon, with Clorf malfunction resulting in low lycopene accumulation and, thus, orange flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest of A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuezheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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10
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Song J, Sun B, Chen C, Ning Z, Zhang S, Cai Y, Zheng X, Cao B, Chen G, Jin D, Li B, Bian J, Lei J, He H, Zhu Z. An R-R-type MYB transcription factor promotes non-climacteric pepper fruit carotenoid pigment biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:724-741. [PMID: 37095638 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are major accessory pigments in the chloroplast, and they also act as phytohormones and volatile compound precursors to influence plant development and confer characteristic colours, affecting both the aesthetic and nutritional value of fruits. Carotenoid pigmentation in ripening fruits is highly dependent on developmental trajectories. Transcription factors incorporate developmental and phytohormone signalling to regulate the biosynthesis process. By contrast to the well-established pathways regulating ripening-related carotenoid biosynthesis in climacteric fruit, carotenoid regulation in non-climacteric fruit is poorly understood. Capsanthin is the primary carotenoid of non-climacteric pepper (Capsicum) fruit; its biosynthesis is tightly associated with fruit ripening, and it confers red pigmentation to the ripening fruit. In the present study, using a coexpression analysis, we identified an R-R-type MYB transcription factor, DIVARICATA1, and demonstrated its role in capsanthin biosynthesis. DIVARICATA1 encodes a nucleus-localised protein that functions primarily as a transcriptional activator. Functional analyses showed that DIVARICATA1 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthetic gene (CBG) transcript levels and capsanthin levels by directly binding to and activating CBG promoter transcription. Furthermore, an association analysis revealed a significant positive association between DIVARICATA1 transcription level and capsanthin content. ABA promotes capsanthin biosynthesis in a DIVARICATA1-dependent manner. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of DIVARICATA1 in Solanaceae plants showed that its function likely differs among species. Moreover, the pepper DIVARICATA1 gene could be regulated by the ripening regulator MADS-RIN. The present study illustrates the transcriptional regulation of capsanthin biosynthesis and offers a target for breeding peppers with high red colour intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zuoyang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yutong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Jianxin Bian
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang He
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, China
| | - Zhangsheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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11
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Liu C, Zhao M, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Y. The NAC Transcription Factor PgNAC41-2 Gene Involved in the Regulation of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11946. [PMID: 37569353 PMCID: PMC10418625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial herb of the Araliaceae family, a traditional and valuable Chinese herb in China. The main active component of ginseng is ginsenoside. The NAC transcription factors belong to a large family of plant-specific transcription factors, which are involved in growth and development, stress response and secondary metabolism. In this study, we mapped the NAC gene family on 24 pairs of ginseng chromosomes and found numerous gene replications in the genome. The NAC gene PgNAC41-2, found to be highly related to ginsenoside synthesis, was specifically screened. The phylogeny and expression pattern of the PgNAC41-2 gene were analyzed, along with the derived protein sequence, and a structure model was generated. Furthermore, the PgNAC41-2 gene was cloned and overexpressed by a Rhizobium rhizogenes mediated method, using ginseng petioles as receptor material. The saponin content of the transformed material was analyzed to verify the function of the NAC transcription factor in ginseng. Our results indicate that the PgNAC41-2 gene positively regulates the biosynthesis of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hedan Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sizhang Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Laboratory for Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.L.); (K.W.); (M.Z.)
- Jilin Engineering Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
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12
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Zhu L, Shan W, Cai D, Lin Z, Wu C, Wei W, Yang Y, Lu W, Chen J, Su X, Kuang J. High temperature elevates carotenoid accumulation of banana fruit via upregulation of MaEIL9 module. Food Chem 2023; 412:135602. [PMID: 36739724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Banana is a good source of carotenoids, which are bioactive metabolites with health beneficial properties for human. However, the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in banana fruit is largely unclear. In this study, we found that high temperature elevated carotenoid production in banana pulp, which is presumably due to upregulation of a subset of carotenogenic genes as well as a carotenoid biosynthesis regulator MaSPL16. Moreover, an ethylene signaling component MaEIL9 was identified, whose transcript and protein contents were also induced by high temperature. In addition, MaEIL9 positively regulates transcription of MaDXR1, MaPDS1, MaZDS1 and MaSPL16 through directly targeting their promoters. Overexpression of MaEIL9 in tomato fruit substantially increased the expression of carotenoid formation genes and elevated carotenoid content. Importantly, transiently silencing MaEIL9 in banana fruit weakened carotenoid production caused by high temperature. Taken together, these results indicate that high temperature induces carotenoid production in banana fruit, at least in part, through MaEIL9-mediated activation of MaDXR1, MaPDS1, MaZDS1 and MaSPL16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Danling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zengxiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaojie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wangjin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinguo Su
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China.
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Diao Q, Tian S, Cao Y, Yao D, Fan H, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals association of carotenoid metabolism pathway with fruit color in melon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5004. [PMID: 36973323 PMCID: PMC10043268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlesh color is an important quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and is determined mainly by carotenoid content, awarding them with colors, aromas, and nutrients. enhancing the nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vegetables for humans. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of two melon inbred line “B-14” (orange-flesh) and “B-6” (white-flesh) at three developmental stages. We observed that the β-carotene content of inbred line “B-6” (14.232 μg/g) was significantly lower than that of inbred line “B-14” (0.534 μg/g). RNA-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two inbred lines at different stages; the DEGs were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases (KEGG). We identified 33 structural DEGs in different developmental periods of the two lines that were related to carotenoid metabolism. Among them, PSY, Z-ISO, ZDS, CRTISO, CCD4, VDE1, and NCED2 were highly correlated with carotenoid content. Thus, this study provides a basis for molecular mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis and flesh color in melon fruit.
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14
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Zhang S, Xu T, Ren Y, Song L, Liu Z, Kang X, Li Y. The NAC transcription factor family in Eucommia ulmoides: Genome-wide identification, characterization, and network analysis in relation to the rubber biosynthetic genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1030298. [PMID: 37077635 PMCID: PMC10106570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor family is a large plant gene family, participating in plant growth and development, secondary metabolite synthesis, biotic and abiotic stresses responses, and hormone signaling. Eucommia ulmoides is a widely planted economic tree species in China that can produce trans-polyisoprene: Eucommia rubber (Eu-rubber). However, genome-wide identification of the NAC gene family has not been reported in E. ulmoides. In this study, 71 NAC proteins were identified based on genomic database of E. ulmoides. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the EuNAC proteins were distributed in 17 subgroups based on homology with NAC proteins in Arabidopsis, including the E. ulmoides-specific subgroup Eu_NAC. Gene structure analysis suggested that the number of exons varied from 1 to 7, and multitudinous EuNAC genes contained two or three exons. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that the EuNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 16 chromosomes. Three pairs of genes of tandem duplicates genes and 12 segmental duplications were detected, which indicated that segmental duplications may provide the primary driving force of expansion of EuNAC. Prediction of cis-regulatory elements indicated that the EuNAC genes were involved in development, light response, stress response and hormone response. For the gene expression analysis, the expression levels of EuNAC genes in various tissues were quite different. To explore the effect of EuNAC genes on Eu-rubber biosynthesis, a co-expression regulatory network between Eu-rubber biosynthesis genes and EuNAC genes was constructed, which indicated that six EuNAC genes may play an important role in the regulation of Eu-rubber biosynthesis. In addition, this six EuNAC genes expression profiles in E. ulmoides different tissues were consistent with the trend in Eu-rubber content. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that EuNAC genes were responsive to different hormone treatment. These results will provide a useful reference for further studies addressing the functional characteristics of the NAC genes and its potential role in Eu-rubber biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Weixian Eucommia National Forest Tree Germplasm Repository, Weixian Forestry Cultivation Base of Superior Species, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Li,
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15
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Wu Y, Wu S, Shi Y, Jiang L, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu K, Zhang H, Zhang J. Integrated metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes involved in the formation of yellow Nelumbo nucifera. Genomics 2022; 114:110513. [PMID: 36309147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As a worldwide major ornamental flower and a edible plant, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is also used as medicine and tea beverage. Here, transcriptome and metabolites of yellow (MLQS) and white (YGB) lotus cultivars during five key flower coloration stages were profiled. 2014 differentially expressed genes were detected with 11 carotenoids in lotus were identified for the first time. Then, regulatory networks between and within functional modules was reconstructed, and the correlation between module-metabolites and gene-metabolites was conducted within 3 core modules. 18 candidate genes related to the formation of yellow flower were screened out and a gene regulatory model for the flower color difference between MLQS and YGB were speculated as follows: The substrate competition between F3'H and F3'5'H and substrate specificity of FLS, together with differential expression of CCD4a and CCD4b were contribute to the differences in flavonoids and carotenoids. Besides, UGT73C2, UGT91C1-2 and SGTase, and regulation of UGTs by transcription factors PLATZ, MADS, NAC031, and MYB308 may also play a role in the upstream regulation. The following verification results indicated that functional differences existed in the coding sequences of NnCCD4b and promoters of NnCCD4a of MLQS and YGB. In all, this study preliminarily reveals the mechanism of yellow flower coloration in lotus and provides new ideas for the study of complex ornamental characters of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Sihui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Libo Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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16
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Ampomah-Dwamena C, Tomes S, Thrimawithana AH, Elborough C, Bhargava N, Rebstock R, Sutherland P, Ireland H, Allan AC, Espley RV. Overexpression of PSY1 increases fruit skin and flesh carotenoid content and reveals associated transcription factors in apple ( Malus × domestica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967143. [PMID: 36186009 PMCID: PMC9520574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of the carotenoid metabolic pathway is still emerging and here, we have misexpressed a key biosynthetic gene in apple to highlight potential transcriptional regulators of this pathway. We overexpressed phytoene synthase (PSY1), which controls the key rate-limiting biosynthetic step, in apple and analyzed its effects in transgenic fruit skin and flesh using two approaches. Firstly, the effects of PSY overexpression on carotenoid accumulation and gene expression was assessed in fruit at different development stages. Secondly, the effect of light exclusion on PSY1-induced fruit carotenoid accumulation was examined. PSY1 overexpression increased carotenoid content in transgenic fruit skin and flesh, with beta-carotene being the most prevalent carotenoid compound. Light exclusion by fruit bagging reduced carotenoid content overall, but carotenoid content was still higher in bagged PSY fruit than in bagged controls. In tissues overexpressing PSY1, plastids showed accelerated chloroplast to chromoplast transition as well as high fluorescence intensity, consistent with increased number of chromoplasts and carotenoid accumulation. Surprisingly, the expression of other carotenoid pathway genes was elevated in PSY fruit, suggesting a feed-forward regulation of carotenogenesis when this enzyme step is mis-expressed. Transcriptome profiling of fruit flesh identified differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) that also were co-expressed with carotenoid pathway genes. A comparison of differentially expressed genes from both the developmental series and light exclusion treatment revealed six candidate TFs exhibiting strong correlation with carotenoid accumulation. This combination of physiological, transcriptomic and metabolite data sheds new light on plant carotenogenesis and TFs that may play a role in regulating apple carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
- BioLumic Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nitisha Bhargava
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Sutherland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
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Transcription Factor CmNAC34 Regulated CmLCYB-Mediated β-Carotene Accumulation during Oriental Melon Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179805. [PMID: 36077205 PMCID: PMC9455964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ripened oriental melon (Cucumis melo) with orange-colored flesh is rich in β-carotene. Lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) is the synthetic enzyme that directly controls the massive accumulation of β-carotene. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the CmLCYB-mediated β-carotene accumulation in oriental melon is fairly unknown. Here, we screened and identified a transcription factor, CmNAC34, by combining bioinformatics analysis and yeast one-hybrid screen with CmLCYB promoter. CmNAC34 was located in the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. The expression profile of CmNAC34 was consistent with that of CmLCYB during the fruit ripening. Additionally, the transient overexpression of CmNAC34 in oriental melon fruit promoted the expression of CmLCYB and enhanced β-carotene concentration, while transient silence of CmNAC34 in fruit was an opposite trend, which indicated CmNAC34 could modulate CmLCYB-mediated β-carotene biosynthesis in oriental melon. Finally, the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis assay, and luciferase reporter (LUC) assay indicated that CmNAC34 could bind to the promoter of CmLCYB and positively regulated the CmLCYB transcription level. These findings suggested that CmNAC34 acted as an activator to regulate β-carotene accumulation by directly binding the promoter of CmLCYB, which provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism during the development and ripening of oriental melon.
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Hu F, Bi X, Liu H, Fu X, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wu R, Li G, Lv Y, Huang J, Luo X, Shi R. Transcriptome and carotenoid profiling of different varieties of Coffea arabica provides insights into fruit color formation. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:322-334. [PMID: 35769592 PMCID: PMC9209900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The processability and ultimate quality of coffee (C offea arabica) are determined by the composition of the matured fruits. The basis of genetic variation in coffee fruit quality could be explained by studying color formation during fruit maturation. Transcriptome profiling was conducted on matured fruits of four C. arabica varieties (orange colored fruits (ORF); purple colored fruits (PF); red colored fruits (RF) and yellow colored fruits (YF)) to identify key color-regulating genes, biosynthesis pathways and transcription factors implicated in fruit color formation. A total of 39,938 genes were identified in the transcriptomes of the four C. arabica varieties. In all, 2745, 781 and 1224 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in YF_vs_PF, YF_vs_RF and YF_vs_ORF, respectively, with 1732 DEGs conserved among the three pairwise groups. Functional annotation of the DEGs led to the detection of 28 and 82 key genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. Key transcription factors bHLH, MYB, NAC, MADS, and WRKY implicated in fruit color regulation were detected. The high expression levels of gene-LOC113688784 (PSY), gene-LOC113730013 (β-CHY), gene-LOC113728842 (CCD7), gene-LOC113689681 (NCED) and gene-LOC113729473 (ABA2) in YF may have accounted for the yellow coloration. The differential expression of several anthocyanin and carotenoid-specific genes in the fruits substantially account for the purple (PF), red (RF), and orange (ORF) colorations. This study provides important insights into fruit color formation and variations in C. arabica and will help to develop coffee varieties with specific color and quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faguang Hu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Xiaofei Bi
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Hongming Liu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Xingfei Fu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Ruirui Wu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yulan Lv
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Jiaxiong Huang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, China
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Huang X, Hu L, Kong W, Yang C, Xi W. Red light-transmittance bagging promotes carotenoid accumulation of grapefruit during ripening. Commun Biol 2022; 5:303. [PMID: 35379890 PMCID: PMC8980019 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light, a crucial environmental signal, is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. To understand the mechanism by which light influences carotenoid metabolism, grapefruits were bagged with four types of light-transmitting bags that altered the transmission of solar light. We show that light-transmitting bagging induced changes in carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening. Compared with natural light, red light (RL)-transmittance treatment significantly increases the total carotenoid content by 62%. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ‘blue’ and ‘turquoise’ modules are remarkably associated with carotenoid metabolism under different light treatment (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identifies transcription factors (TFs) bHLH128, NAC2-like/21/72, MYB-like, AGL11/AGL61, ERF023/062, WRKY20, SBPlike-7/13 as being involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in response to RL. Under RL treatment, these TFs regulate the accumulation of carotenoids by directly modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes, including GGPPS2, PDS, Z-ISO, ZDS2/7, CRTISO3, CYP97A, CHYB, ZEP2, CCD1-2. Based on these results, a network of the regulation of carotenoid metabolism by light in citrus fruits is preliminarily proposed. These results show that RL treatments have great potential to improve coloration and nutritional quality of citrus fruits. Grapefruits ripened in red light-transmitting bags have 62% more carotenoid content than those ripened in natural light, leading to better coloration and higher nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Linping Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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20
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Lu C, Qu J, Deng C, Liu F, Zhang F, Huang H, Dai S. The transcription factor complex CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 modulates carotenoid metabolism by directly regulating carotenogenic gene CmCCD4a-2 in chrysanthemum. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac020. [PMID: 35184172 PMCID: PMC9125392 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for the coloring in many plants, fruits and flowers. Recently, significant progress has been made in carotenoid metabolism. However, the specific understanding on transcriptional regulation controlling the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes remains extremely limited. Anemone-type chrysanthemum, as a special group of chrysanthemum cultivars, contain elongated disc florets in capitulum, which usually appear in different colors compared with the ray florets since accumulating distinct content of carotenoids. In this study, the carotenoid composition and content of the ray and disc florets of an anemone-type chrysanthemum cultivar 'Dong Li Fen Gui' were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and the key structural gene CmCCD4a-2, of which differential expression resulted in the distinct content of carotenoids accumulated in these two types of florets, was identified. Then the promoter sequence of CmCCD4a-2 was used as bait to screen a chrysanthemum flower cDNA library and two transcription factors, CmAP3 and CmUIF1 were identified. Y2H, BiFC and Y3H experiments demonstrated that these two TFs were connected by CmPI to form CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex. This TF complex regulated carotenoid metabolism through activating the expression of CmCCD4a-2 directly. Furthermore, a large number of target genes regulated directly by the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex, including carotenoid biosynthetic genes, flavonoid biosynthetic genes and flower development-related genes, were identified by DNA-affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), which indicated that the CmAP3-CmPI-CmUIF1 TF complex might participate in multiple processes. These findings expand our knowledge for the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants and will be helpful to manipulating carotenoid accumulation in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaping Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyan Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangye Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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21
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Liu GS, Li HL, Grierson D, Fu DQ. NAC Transcription Factor Family Regulation of Fruit Ripening and Quality: A Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030525. [PMID: 35159333 PMCID: PMC8834055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant-specific TF families and its members are involved in the regulation of many vital biological processes during plant growth and development. Recent studies have found that NAC TFs play important roles during the ripening of fleshy fruits and the development of quality attributes. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the function of NAC TFs in different fruits and their involvement in the biosynthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones, fruit textural changes, color transformation, accumulation of flavor compounds, seed development and fruit senescence. We discuss the theoretical basis and potential regulatory models for NAC TFs action and provide a comprehensive view of their multiple roles in modulating different aspects of fruit ripening and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Gao Y, Fan ZQ, Zhang Q, Li HL, Liu GS, Jing Y, Zhang YP, Zhu BZ, Zhu HL, Chen JY, Grierson D, Luo YB, Zhao XD, Fu DQ. A tomato NAC transcription factor, SlNAM1, positively regulates ethylene biosynthesis and the onset of tomato fruit ripening. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1317-1331. [PMID: 34580960 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the result of selective expression of ripening-related genes, which are regulated by transcription factors (TFs). The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) TF family is one of the largest families of plant-specific TFs and members are involved in a variety of plant physiological activities, including fruit ripening. Fruit ripening-associated NAC TFs studied in tomato to date include NAC-NOR (non-ripening), SlNOR-like1 (non-ripening like1), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4. Considering the large number of NAC genes in the tomato genome, there is little information about the possible roles of other NAC members in fruit ripening, and research on their target genes is lacking. In this study, we characterize SlNAM1, a NAC TF, which positively regulates the initiation of tomato fruit ripening via its regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. The onset of fruit ripening in slnam1-deficient mutants created by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology was delayed, whereas fruit ripening in OE-SlNAM1 lines was accelerated compared with the wild type. The results of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and promoter analysis suggested that SlNAM1 directly binds to the promoters of two key ethylene biosynthesis genes (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase: SlACS2 and SlACS4) and activates their expression. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of ethylene production and enrich understanding of the tomato fruit ripening regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Jing
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ben-Zhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Yun-Bo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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23
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Mathiazhagan M, Chidambara B, Hunashikatti LR, Ravishankar KV. Genomic Approaches for Improvement of Tropical Fruits: Fruit Quality, Shelf Life and Nutrient Content. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1881. [PMID: 34946829 PMCID: PMC8701245 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The breeding of tropical fruit trees for improving fruit traits is complicated, due to the long juvenile phase, generation cycle, parthenocarpy, polyploidy, polyembryony, heterozygosity and biotic and abiotic factors, as well as a lack of good genomic resources. Many molecular techniques have recently evolved to assist and hasten conventional breeding efforts. Molecular markers linked to fruit development and fruit quality traits such as fruit shape, size, texture, aroma, peel and pulp colour were identified in tropical fruit crops, facilitating Marker-assisted breeding (MAB). An increase in the availability of genome sequences of tropical fruits further aided in the discovery of SNP variants/Indels, QTLs and genes that can ascertain the genetic determinants of fruit characters. Through multi-omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics, the identification and quantification of transcripts, including non-coding RNAs, involved in sugar metabolism, fruit development and ripening, shelf life, and the biotic and abiotic stress that impacts fruit quality were made possible. Utilizing genomic assisted breeding methods such as genome wide association (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) and genetic modifications using CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenics has paved the way to studying gene function and developing cultivars with desirable fruit traits by overcoming long breeding cycles. Such comprehensive multi-omics approaches related to fruit characters in tropical fruits and their applications in breeding strategies and crop improvement are reviewed, discussed and presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kundapura V. Ravishankar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India; (M.M.); (B.C.); (L.R.H.)
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24
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Li X, Cai K, Pei X, Li Y, Hu Y, Meng F, Song X, Tigabu M, Ding C, Zhao X. Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Juglans mandshurica and Their Expression Analysis during the Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212414. [PMID: 34830294 PMCID: PMC8625062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various biological processes and has been identified and characterized in multiple plant species. However, genome-wide identification of this gene family has not been implemented in Juglans mandshurica, and specific functions of these genes in the development of fruits remain unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the NAC gene family during fruit development and identified a total of 114 JmNAC genes in the J. mandshurica genome. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that JmNAC genes were unevenly distributed in 16 chromosomes; the highest numbers were found in chromosomes 2 and 4. Furthermore, according to the homologues of JmNAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the results demonstrated 114 JmNAC genes, which were divided into eight subgroups. Four JmNAC gene pairs were identified as the result of tandem duplicates. Tissue-specific analysis of JmNAC genes during different developmental stages revealed that 39 and 25 JmNAC genes exhibited upregulation during the mature stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, indicating that they may serve key functions in fruit development. Furthermore, 12 upregulated JmNAC genes were common in fruit ripening stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, which demonstrated that these genes were positively correlated with fruit development in J. mandshurica. This study provides new insights into the regulatory functions of JmNAC genes during fruit development in J. mandshurica, thereby improving the understanding of characteristics and evolution of the JmNAC gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Xingshun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Changjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-15246668860 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-15246668860 (X.Z.)
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25
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Dang Q, Sha H, Nie J, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Jia D. An apple (Malus domestica) AP2/ERF transcription factor modulates carotenoid accumulation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:223. [PMID: 34611138 PMCID: PMC8492665 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Color is an important trait for horticultural crops. Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health. Here, we identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in 'Benin Shogun' and 'Yanfu 3' fruit flesh. MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The major carotenoid contents of phytoene and β-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin, yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference, indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene and β-carotene accumulation but not lutein. MdPSY2-1 (phytoene synthase 2) is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit, and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34. In addition, overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents. Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple, and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Dang
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Haiyun Sha
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Dongjie Jia
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Gong J, Zeng Y, Meng Q, Guan Y, Li C, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Liu P, Chen C, Deng X, Cheng Y, Wang P. Red light-induced kumquat fruit coloration is attributable to increased carotenoid metabolism regulated by FcrNAC22. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6274-6290. [PMID: 34125891 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play vital roles in the coloration of plant tissues and organs, particularly fruits; however, the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in fruits during ripening is largely unknown. Here, we show that red light promotes fruit coloration by inducing accelerated degreening and carotenoid accumulation in kumquat fruits. Transcriptome profiling revealed that a NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC2) family transcription factor, FcrNAC22, is specifically induced in red light-irradiated fruits. FcrNAC22 localizes to the nucleus, and its gene expression is up-regulated as fruits change color. Results from dual luciferase, yeast one-hybrid assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that FcrNAC22 directly binds to, and activates the promoters of three genes encoding key enzymes in the carotenoid metabolic pathway. Moreover, FcrNAC22 overexpression in citrus and tomato fruits as well as in citrus callus enhances expression of most carotenoid biosynthetic genes, accelerates plastid conversion into chromoplasts, and promotes color change. Knock down of FcrNAC22 expression in transiently transformed citrus fruits attenuates fruit coloration induced by red light. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FcrNAC22 is an important transcription factor that mediates red light-induced fruit coloration via up-regulation of carotenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiunan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yajie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ping Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Kou X, Zhou J, Wu CE, Yang S, Liu Y, Chai L, Xue Z. The interplay between ABA/ethylene and NAC TFs in tomato fruit ripening: a review. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:223-238. [PMID: 33634368 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review contains functional roles of NAC transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of ripening in tomato fruit, describes the interplay between ABA/ethylene and NAC TFs in tomato fruit ripening. Fruit ripening is regulated by a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) and genetic regulators in response to endogenous hormones and external signals. Studying the regulation of fruit ripening has important significance for controlling fruit quality, enhancing nutritional value, improving storage conditions and extending shelf-life. Plant-specific NAC (named after no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activator factor 1/2 (ATAF1/2) and Cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)) TFs play essential roles in plant development, ripening and stress responses. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the regulation of NAC TFs in fruit ripening, discuss the interactions between NAC and other factors in controlling fruit development and ripening, and emphasize how NAC TFs are involved in tomato fruit ripening through the ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways. The signaling network regulating ripening is complex, and both hormones and individual TFs can affect the status or activity of other network participants, which can alter the overall ripening network regulation, including response signals and fruit ripening. Our review helps in the systematic understanding of the regulation of NAC TFs involved in fruit ripening and provides a basis for the development or establishment of complex ripening regulatory network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaQian Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai E Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - YeFang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - LiPing Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoHui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Nilo-Poyanco R, Moraga C, Benedetto G, Orellana A, Almeida AM. Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:17. [PMID: 33413072 PMCID: PMC7788829 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit ripening in Prunus persica melting varieties involves several physiological changes that have a direct impact on the fruit organoleptic quality and storage potential. By studying the proteomic differences between the mesocarp of mature and ripe fruit, it would be possible to highlight critical molecular processes involved in the fruit ripening. RESULTS To accomplish this goal, the proteome from mature and ripe fruit was assessed from the variety O'Henry through shotgun proteomics using 1D-gel (PAGE-SDS) as fractionation method followed by LC/MS-MS analysis. Data from the 131,435 spectra could be matched to 2740 proteins, using the peach genome reference v1. After data pre-treatment, 1663 proteins could be used for comparison with datasets assessed using transcriptomic approaches and for quantitative protein accumulation analysis. Close to 26% of the genes that code for the proteins assessed displayed higher expression at ripe fruit compared to other fruit developmental stages, based on published transcriptomic data. Differential accumulation analysis between mature and ripe fruit revealed that 15% of the proteins identified were modulated by the ripening process, with glycogen and isocitrate metabolism, and protein localization overrepresented in mature fruit, as well as cell wall modification in ripe fruit. Potential biomarkers for the ripening process, due to their differential accumulation and gene expression pattern, included a pectin methylesterase inhibitor, a gibbellerin 2-beta-dioxygenase, an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, a homeobox-leucine zipper protein and an ACC oxidase. Transcription factors enriched in NAC and Myb protein domains would target preferentially the genes encoding proteins more abundant in mature and ripe fruit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Shotgun proteomics is an unbiased approach to get deeper into the proteome allowing to detect differences in protein abundance between samples. This technique provided a resolution so that individual gene products could be identified. Many proteins likely involved in cell wall and sugar metabolism, aroma and color, change their abundance during the transition from mature to ripe fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Carol Moraga
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, 38334, Montbonnot, France
| | - Gianfranco Benedetto
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Miyasaka Almeida
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
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Jia L, Wang J, Wang R, Duan M, Qiao C, Chen X, Ma G, Zhou X, Zhu M, Jing F, Zhang S, Qu C, Li J. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of carotenoid biosynthesis reveal the basis of white petal color in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2021; 253:8. [PMID: 33387047 PMCID: PMC7778631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in Brassica napus was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar 'Zhongshuang 11' (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line 'White Petal' (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (P-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway. BnNCED4b, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new B. napus germplasms with different petal colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledong Jia
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mouzheng Duan
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xintong Zhou
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meichen Zhu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fuyu Jing
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shengsen Zhang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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30
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Fu C, Chen H, Gao H, Lu Y, Han C, Han Y. Two papaya
MYB
proteins function in fruit ripening by regulating some genes involved in cell‐wall degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4442-4448. [PMID: 32388883 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringZhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province; Key Laboratory of China Light IndustryFood Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province; Key Laboratory of China Light IndustryFood Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringZhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringZhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province; Key Laboratory of China Light IndustryFood Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
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31
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Zhu LS, Liang SM, Chen LL, Wu CJ, Wei W, Shan W, Chen JY, Lu WJ, Su XG, Kuang JF. Banana MaSPL16 Modulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis during Fruit Ripening through Activating the Transcription of Lycopene β-Cyclase Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1286-1296. [PMID: 31891496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of bioactive compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, but their regulation in bananas during fruit ripening remains largely unclear. Here, we found that the total carotenoid content continued to be elevated along the course of banana ripening and peaked at the ripening stage followed by a decrease, which is presumably caused by the transcript abundances of carotenoid biosynthetic genes MaLCYB1.1 and MaLCYB1.2. Moreover, a ripening-inducible transcription factor MaSPL16 was characterized, which was a nuclear protein with transactivation activity. Transient transformation of MaSPL16 in banana fruits led to enhanced transcript levels of MaLCYB1.1 and MaLCYB1.2 and hence the total carotenoid accumulation. Importantly, MaSPL16 stimulated the transcription of MaLCYB1.1 and MaLCYB1.2 through directly binding to their promoters. Collectively, our findings indicate that MaSPL16 behaves as an activator to modulate banana carotenoid biosynthesis, which may provide a new target for molecular improvement of the nutritional and bioactive qualities of agricultural crops that accumulate carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guo Su
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College , Longdongbei Road 321 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520 , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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32
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Sun T, Li L. Toward the 'golden' era: The status in uncovering the regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110331. [PMID: 31779888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential pigments to plants and important natural products to humans. Carotenoids as both primary and specialized metabolites fulfill multifaceted functions in plants. As such, carotenoid accumulation (a net process of biosynthesis, degradation and sequestration) is subjected to complicated regulation throughout plant life cycle in response to developmental and environmental signals. Investigation of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolic genes remains the focus in understanding the regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation. While discovery of bona fide carotenoid metabolic regulators is still challenging, the recent progress of identification of various transcription factors and regulators helps us to construct hierarchical regulatory network of carotenoid accumulation. The elucidation of carotenoid regulatory mechanisms at protein level and in chromoplast provides some insights into post-translational regulation of carotenogenic enzymes and carotenoid sequestration in plastid sink. This review briefly describes the pathways and main flux-controlling steps for carotenoid accumulation in plants. It highlights our recent understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. It also discusses the opportunities to expand toolbox for further shedding light upon the intrinsic regulation of carotenoid accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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The Involvement of the Banana F-Box Protein MaEBF1 in Regulating Chilling-Inhibited Starch Degradation through Interaction with a MaNAC67-Like Protein. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100552. [PMID: 31575083 PMCID: PMC6843822 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature storage is a common strategy for preserving and transporting vegetables and fruits. However, many fruits are hypersensitive to chilling injury, including bananas. In the present study, storage conditions of 11 °C delayed the ripening of Fenjiao (Musa ABB Pisang Awak) banana, and the pulp could be softened after ethephon treatment. Storage conditions of 7 °C prevented fruit from fully softening, and fruit contained a significantly higher starch content and lower soluble sugar content. MaEBF1, a critical gene component in the ethylene signaling pathway, was repressed during ripening after fruit had been stored for 12 days at 7 °C. The expression of a series of starch degradation-related genes and a MaNAC67-like gene were also severely repressed. Both MaEBF1 and MaNAC67-like genes were ethylene-inducible and localized in the nucleus. MaNAC67-like protein was able to physically bind to the promoter of genes associated with starch degradation, including MaBAM6, MaSEX4, and MaMEX1. Yeast two-hybrid, GST-pull down, and BiFC assays showed that MaEBF1 interacted with the MaNAC67-like protein, and their interaction further activated the promoters of MaBAM6 and MaSEX4. The current study indicates that MaNAC67-like is a direct regulator of starch degradation and potential for involvement in regulating chilling-inhibited starch degradation by interacting with the ethylene signaling components in banana fruit. The present work paves the way for further functional analysis of MaEBF1 and MaNAC67-like in banana, which will be useful for understanding the regulation of banana starch metabolism and fruit ripening.
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Lu C, Pu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Qu J, Huang H, Dai S. Comparative transcriptomics and weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) reveal potential regulation mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in Chrysanthemum × morifolium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:415-428. [PMID: 31416008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The variation of flower color of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum×morifolium) is extremely rich, and carotenoids, which are mainly stored in the plastid, are important pigments that determine the color of chrysanthemum. However, the genetic regulation of the carotenoid metabolism pathway in this species still remains unclear. In this study, a pink chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Jianliuxiang Pink', and its three bud sport mutants (including white, yellow and red color mutants, 'Jianliuxiang White', 'Jianliuxiang Yellow' and 'Jianliuxiang Red', respectively) were used as experimental materials to analyze the dynamic changes of carotenoid components and plastid ultrastructure at different developmental stages of ray florets. We found that the carotenoid components and plastid ultrastructure of the four color cultivars in the early developmental stage of the chrysanthemum capitulum (S1) were almost identical, and the carotenoids mainly included violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene, which exist in proplastids and immature chloroplasts. With the development of capitulum, the chloroplasts in 'Jianliuxiang White' and 'Jianliuxiang Pink' were degraded, and the protoplasts did not transform but rather formed vesicles that accumulated trace amounts of carotenoids. The proplastids and chloroplasts in 'Jianliuxiang Yellow' and 'Jianliuxiang Red' were all transformed into chromoplasts and consist of lutein as well as lutein's isomer and derivatives. Using comparative transcriptomics combined with gene expression analysis, we found that CmPg-1, CmPAP10, and CmPAP13, which were involved in chromoplast transformation, CmLCYE, which was involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, and CmCCD4a-2, which was involved in carotenoid degradation, were differentially expressed between four cultivars, and these key genes therefore should affect the accumulation of carotenoids in chrysanthemum. In addition, six transcription factors, CmMYB305, CmMYB29, CmRAD3, CmbZIP61, CmAGL24, CmNAC1, were screened using weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with correlative analysis to determine whether they play an important role in carotenoid accumulation by regulating structural genes related to the carotenoid metabolism pathway and plastid development. This study analyzed dynamic changes of carotenoid components and plastid ultrastructure of the four bud mutation cultivars of chrysanthemum and identified structural genes and transcription factors that may be involved in carotenoid accumulation. The above results laid a solid foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ya Pu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaping Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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35
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He L, Bian J, Xu J, Yang K. Novel Maize NAC Transcriptional Repressor ZmNAC071 Confers Enhanced Sensitivity to ABA and Osmotic Stress by Downregulating Stress-Responsive Genes in Transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8905-8918. [PMID: 31380641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
NAC TFs play crucial roles in response to abiotic stresses in plants. Here, ZmNAC071 was identified as a nuclear located transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of ZmNAC071 in Arabidopsis enhanced sensitivity of transgenic plants to ABA and osmotic stress. The expression levels of SODs, PODs, P5CSs, and AtMYB61 were inhibited by ZmNAC071, which results in reduced ROS scavenging and proline content, increased ROS level, and water loss. Besides, the expression levels of some ABA or abiotic stress-related genes, like ABIs, RD29A, DREBs, and LEAs were also significantly inhibited by ZmNAC071. Yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that ZmNAC071 specifically bound to the cis-acting elements containing CGT[G/A] core sequences in the promoter of stress-related genes, suggesting that ZmNAC071 may participate in the regulation of transcription of these genes through recognizing the core sequences CGT[G/A]. These results will facilitate further studies concerning the cis-elements and downstream genes targeted by ZmNAC071 in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , 5 Xinfeng Road , 163319 Daqing , China
| | - Jing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , 5 Xinfeng Road , 163319 Daqing , China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , 5 Xinfeng Road , 163319 Daqing , China
| | - Kejun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , 5 Xinfeng Road , 163319 Daqing , China
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36
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Fu C, Chen H, Gao H, Han Y. Histone Deacetylase CpHDA3 Is Functionally Associated with CpERF9 in Suppression of CpPME1/2 and CpPG5 Genes during Papaya Fruit Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8919-8925. [PMID: 31334658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) performs important functions in plant growth and development, including fruit ripening. As a complex biological process, fruit ripening involves the histone acetylation modification of ripening-associated genes. Histone deacetylase genes (HDACs) have been well studied in Arabidopsis and rice, but the biological functions of HDACs in papaya are poorly understood. In the present work, three CpHDACs, belonging to the RPD3/HDA1 subfamily, were identified from papaya and named as CpHDA1, CpHDA2, and CpHDA3. CpHDA1 and CpHDA2 were induced by propylene, while CpHDA3 was propylene-repressed. Moreover, CpHDA3 protein could physically interact with CpERF9 and enhance the transcriptional repression activities of CpERF9 to downstream genes CpPME1, CpPME2 and CpPG5. Histone acetylation levels of CpPME1 and CpPG5 were increased during fruit ripening. Taken together, these results suggested that CpERF9 recruits CpHDA3 to form a histone deacetylase repressor complex to mediate pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase genes expression during papaya fruit ripening and softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang Shuren University , Hangzhou 310015 , China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of China Light Industry , Hangzhou 310021 , China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of China Light Industry , Hangzhou 310021 , China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of China Light Industry , Hangzhou 310021 , China
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37
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Stanley L, Yuan YW. Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants: So Many Regulators, So Little Consensus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1017. [PMID: 31447877 PMCID: PMC6695471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP) is essential for the production of photosynthetic and protective pigments, plant hormones, and visual/olfactory attractants for animal pollinators and seed dispersers. The regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis at the transcriptional level is vitally important for all of these functions and has been the subject of intensive research. Many putative transcriptional regulators, both direct and indirect, have been identified through conventional mutant analysis, transcriptome profiling, yeast one-hybrid screening, and candidate gene approaches. Despite this progress, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis remains fragmented and incomplete. Frequently, a stimulus or regulator is known, but the mechanism by which it affects transcription has not been elucidated. In other cases, mechanisms have been proposed (such as direct binding of a CBP gene promoter by a transcription factor), but function was tested only in vitro or in heterologous systems, making it unclear whether these proteins actually play a role in carotenoid regulation in their endogenous environments. Even in cases where the mechanism is relatively well understood, regulators are often studied in isolation, either in a single plant species or outside the context of other known regulators. This presents a conundrum: why so many candidate regulators but so little consensus? Here we summarize current knowledge on transcriptional regulation of the CBP, lay out the challenges contributing to this conundrum, identify remaining knowledge gaps, and suggest future research directions to address these challenges and knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stanley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Yan J, Yu L, He L, Zhu L, Xu S, Wan Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhu W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Celery Leaf Blades Identified an R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor that Regulates Apigenin Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5265-5277. [PMID: 30969771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin has been proven to possess many pharmacological properties, but the mechanism of regulation of apigenin biosynthesis in plants remains unclear. Apigenin is the main flavonoid in celery and is mainly accumulated in the middle stage of leaf blade development. In this study, comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed a large number of structural genes and transcription factor genes that may be involved in the apigenin metabolic pathway. On the basis of the apigenin content in different celery accessions, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, named AgMYB1, was isolated from the high apigenin celery accession C014. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that AgMYB1 may be involved in flavonoid metabolism. AgMYB1 expression showed a positive relation with the expression of the apigenin accumulation marker gene FNSI and with the apigenin content in different celery tissues. Moreover, overexpression and antisense expression of AgMYB1 in transgenic celery plants significantly increased and reduced the expression of apigenin biosynthetic genes and the apigenin content, respectively. These findings suggest that AgMYB1 is involved in positive regulation of apigenin metabolism in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Li Yu
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Lizhoung He
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Longying Zhu
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Yanhui Wan
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Horticulture Research Institute , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology , No. 1000 Jin Qi Road , Fengxian District, Shanghai , China
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Jiang CC, Zhang YF, Lin YJ, Chen Y, Lu XK. Illumina ® Sequencing Reveals Candidate Genes of Carotenoid Metabolism in Three Pummelo Cultivars ( Citrus Maxima) with Different Pulp Color. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092246. [PMID: 31067703 PMCID: PMC6539737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of important fruit trees, which belongs to Citrus species. The fruits of different pummelo cultivars have different colors and differ in the contents of carotenoid. Our results clearly showed that ‘Huangjinmiyou’ (HJMY) has the highest content of β-carotene, followed by ‘Hongroumiyou’ (HRMY) and ‘Guanximiyou’ (GXMY). Lycopene is dominantly accumulated in HRMY. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh is not fully understood. In this study, we used the RNA-Seq technique to investigate the candidate genes of carotenoid metabolism in the flesh of pummelo cv. GXMY and its mutants HRMY and HJMY in three development periods of fruit. After data assembly and bioinformatic analysis, a total of 357 genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were isolated, of which 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Among these 12 DEGs, phytoene synthase (PSY2), lycopene β-cyclase (LYCB2), lycopene Ɛ-cyclase (LYCE), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD4), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED2), aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3), and ABA 8′-hydroxylases (CYP707A1) are the most distinct DEGs in three pummelo cultivars. The co-expression analysis revealed that the expression patterns of several transcription factors such as bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC and WRKY are highly correlated with DEGs, which are involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, the expression patterns of 22 DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results are highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results. Our results provide a global vision of transcriptomic profile among three pummelo cultivars with different pulp colors. These results would be beneficial to further study the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in pummelo flesh and help the breeding of citrus with high carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yan-Jin Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Xin-Kun Lu
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Fabi JP, do Prado SBR. Fast and Furious: Ethylene-Triggered Changes in the Metabolism of Papaya Fruit During Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 31105730 PMCID: PMC6497978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Papaya is a climacteric fleshy fruit characterized by fast ripening after harvest. During the relatively short postharvest period, papaya fruit undergoes several changes in metabolism that result in pulp softening and sweetening, as well as the development of a characteristic aroma. Since papaya is one of the most cultivated and appreciated tropical fruit crops worldwide, extensive research has been conducted to not only understand the formation of the quality and nutritional attributes of ripe fruit but also to develop methods for controlling the ripening process. However, most strategies to postpone papaya ripening, and therefore to increase shelf life, have failed to maintain fruit quality. Ethylene blockage precludes carotenoid biosynthesis, while cold storage can induce chilling injury and negatively affect the volatile profile of papaya. As a climacteric fruit, the fast ripening of papaya is triggered by ethylene biosynthesis. The generation of the climacteric ethylene positive feedback loop is elicited by the expression of a specific transcription factor that leads to an up-regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC-oxidase (ACO) expression, triggering the system II ethylene biosynthesis. The ethylene burst occurs about 3 to 4 days after harvest and induces pectinase expression. The disassembling of the papaya cell wall appears to help in fruit sweetness, while glucose and fructose are also produced by acidic invertases. The increase in ethylene production also results in carotenoid accumulation due to the induction of cyclases and hydroxylases, leading to yellow and red/orange-colored pulp phenotypes. Moreover, the production of volatile terpene linalool, an important biological marker for papaya's sensorial quality, is also induced by ethylene. All these mentioned processes are related to papaya's sensorial and nutritional quality. We describe the understanding of ethylene-triggered events that influence papaya quality and nutritional traits, as these characteristics are a consequence of an accelerated metabolism during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
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Shen YH, Yang FY, Lu BG, Zhao WW, Jiang T, Feng L, Chen XJ, Ming R. Exploring the differential mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in the yellow peel and red flesh of papaya. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 30651061 PMCID: PMC6335806 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red-fleshed papaya is a good material to study the different carotenoids accumulation mechanism in the peel and flesh. Although the peel and flesh of papaya closely integrated into one body, the flesh coloration changing from white to red, while the exocarp coloration changing from green to yellow. In this study, the major carotenoids accumulation and the expression patterns of key carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes in the process of papaya fruit ripening were studied, and the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in the yellow peel and red flesh of papaya were investigated. Results The carotenoid composition in papaya flesh and peel were different. The major carotenoids were lutein and β-carotene in the peel, while lycopene in the flesh. The accumulation of carotenoids, including lycopene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were considered to cause the orange-red color of papaya cv. ‘Daqing No.10’ flesh. The color of peel changed from green to yellow because of the fast degradation of chlorophyll and the appearance of carotenoids such as lutein and β-carotene. Thirteen genes that encode enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were detected in papaya fruit transcriptome: two phytoene synthase (PSY1, PSY2), two phytoene desaturase (PDS1, PDS2), one ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), four lycopene cyclase (CYCB, LCYB1, LCYB2, LCYE), one β-carotene hydroxylase (CHYB), one carotene ε-monooxygenase (LUT1), one violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), and one zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). The results of RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR showed the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes was consistent with the change of carotenoid content. Carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in the yellow peel and red flesh of papaya were analysed based on the major carotenoids accumulation and the expression patterns of key carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes. There was only a β-branch of carotenoid biosynthesis in the flesh of papaya, while there were both α- and β-branch of carotenoid biosynthesis in papaya peel. In the process of papaya fruit ripening, the α-branch was inhibited and the β-branch was enhanced in the peel. Conclusions The differential carotenoid accumulation and biosynthesis pathway genes expression in peel and flesh, lay a foundation for further study and provide further insights to control fruit color and improve fruit quality and appearance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5388-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong Shen
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China. .,College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Fei Ying Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Guo Lu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Wan Wan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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42
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Zhou D, Shen Y, Zhou P, Fatima M, Lin J, Yue J, Zhang X, Chen LY, Ming R. Papaya CpbHLH1/2 regulate carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes during papaya fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:80. [PMID: 31263564 PMCID: PMC6588581 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ripening of papaya is a physiological and metabolic process associated with accumulation of carotenoids, alternation of flesh color and flavor, which depending on genotype and external factors such as light and hormone. Transcription factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis have not been analyzed during papaya fruit ripening. RNA-Seq experiments were implemented using different ripening stages of papaya fruit from two papaya varieties. Cis-elements in lycopene β-cyclase genes (CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B) were identified, and followed by genome-wide analysis to identify transcription factors binding to these cis-elements, resulting in the identification of CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2, two bHLH genes. The expressions of CpbHLH1/2 were changed during fruit development, coupled with transcript increase of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes including CpCYC-B, CpLCY-B, CpPDS2, CpZDS, CpLCY-E, and CpCHY-B. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and transient expression assay revealed that CpbHLH1/2 could bind to the promoters of CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B, and regulate their transcriptions. In response to strong light, the results of elevated expression of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes and the changed expression of CpbHLH1/2 indicated that CpbHLH1/2 were involved in light-mediated mechanisms of regulating critical genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrated several TF family members participating in the regulation of carotenoid genes and proved that CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2 individually regulated the transcription of lycopene β-cyclase genes (CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B). This study yielded novel findings on regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis during papaya fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jishan Lin
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jingjing Yue
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Zhang XJ, Gao Y, Wen PF, Hao YY, Chen XX. Cloning and expression analysis of the phytoene synthase gene in ‘Granny Smith’ apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1512379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Institute of Pomology Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Institute of Pomology Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Wen
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Institute of Pomology Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Hao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Institute of Pomology Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xue-Xiong Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Institute of Pomology Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, PR China
- Department of Agricultural Resources Utilization, College of Resources & Environmental Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
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Comparative transcriptome analysis provides global insight into gene expression differences between two orchid cultivars. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200155. [PMID: 29975782 PMCID: PMC6033423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The orchids GL and YL are two cultivars of Cymbidium longibracteatum. YL displays an obviously yellowing rhizome and yellow leaves, while GL ('Longchangsu') shows dark green leaves and greenish rhizome. But the molecular mechanism for the differences between the two cultivars is poorly understood. In the present study, we showed that the structure of chloroplasts was significantly damaged in YL. Biochemical analysis uncovered the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were notably decreased in YL. Using RNA-Seq technology, more than 38 million clean reads were generated in each pool, and 116,422 unigenes were assembled de novo. 6,660 unigenes with differential expression patterns (FDR≤0.01 and |log2 ratio|≥1) were totally identified between the two cultivars. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) suggested 33 KEGG pathways were notably enriched, including biological processes such as “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “phagosome”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, “drug metabolism—cytochrome P450”, “fatty acid elongation”, and “flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”. Further analysis revealed that chlorophyll degeneration related unigene (c48794_g1) and flavonoid biosynthesis related unigenes (c16388_g1, c48963_g1, c63571_g1, c4492_g1, c52282_g1, c78740_g1, c4645_g1) were up-regulated while carotenoid biosynthesis related unigene (c7212_g1) were down-regulated in YL. Additionally, six of NAC, R2R3-MYB, bHLH transcription factors (c42861_g1, c105949_g1, c61265_g1, c42659_g1, c82171_g1, c19158_g1) might be involved in regulation of pigment biosynthesis. The chlorophyll degeneration and the flavonoid biosynthesis related unigenes up-regulation together with the carotenoid biosynthesis related unigenes down-regulation may contribute to the yellowing phenotype of YL.
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Fu CC, Han YC, Kuang JF, Chen JY, Lu WJ. Papaya CpEIN3a and CpNAC2 Co-operatively Regulate Carotenoid Biosynthesis-Related Genes CpPDS2/4, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b During Fruit Ripening. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2155-2165. [PMID: 29040739 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Papaya is an important tropical fruit with a rich source of carotenoids. The ripening of papaya is a physiological and metabolic process with remarkable changes including accumulation of carotenoids, which depends primarily on the action of ethylene. Ethylene response is mediated by a transcriptional cascade involving the transcription factor families of EIN3/EILs and ERFs. Although ERF members have been reported to control carotenoid production in Arabidopsis and tomato, whether EIN3/EILs are also involved in carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening remains unclear. In this work, two EIN3 genes from papaya fruit, namely CpEIN3a and CpEIN3b, were studied, of which CpEIN3a was increased during fruit ripening, concomitant with the increase of transcripts of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes including CpPDS2/4, CpZDS, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b, and carotenoid content. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and transient expression analyses revealed that CpEIN3a was able to bind to the promoters of CpPDS4 and CpCHY-b, and promoted their transcription. Protein-protein interaction assays indicated that CpEIN3a physically interacted with another transcription factor CpNAC2, which acted as a transcriptional activator of CpPDS2/4, CpZDS, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b by directly binding to their promoters. More importantly, the transcriptional activation abilities of CpPDS2/4, CpLCY-e and CpCHY-b were more pronounced following their interaction. Collectively, our findings suggest that CpEIN3a interacts with CpNAC2 and, individually or co-operatively, activates the transcription of a subset of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes, providing new insights into the regulatory networks of carotenoid biosynthesis during papaya fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Han
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of China Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Zhu F, Luo T, Liu C, Wang Y, Yang H, Yang W, Zheng L, Xiao X, Zhang M, Xu R, Xu J, Zeng Y, Xu J, Xu Q, Guo W, Larkin RM, Deng X, Cheng Y. An R2R3-MYB transcription factor represses the transformation of α- and β-branch carotenoids by negatively regulating expression of CrBCH2 and CrNCED5 in flavedo of Citrus reticulate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:178-192. [PMID: 28681945 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the functions of carotenogenic genes are well documented, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate their expression, especially those genes involved in α - and β-branch carotenoid metabolism. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcriptional factor (CrMYB68) that directly regulates the transformation of α- and β-branch carotenoids was identified using Green Ougan (MT), a stay-green mutant of Citrus reticulata cv Suavissima. A comprehensive analysis of developing and harvested fruits indicated that reduced expression of β-carotene hydroxylases 2 (CrBCH2) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 5 (CrNCED5) was responsible for the delay in the transformation of α- and β-carotene and the biosynthesis of ABA. Additionally, the expression of these genes was negatively correlated with the expression of CrMYB68 in MT. Further, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and dual luciferase assays indicated that CrMYB68 can directly and negatively regulate CrBCH2 and CrNCED5. Moreover, transient overexpression experiments using leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that CrMYB68 can also negatively regulate NbBCH2 and NbNCED5. To overcome the difficulty of transgenic validation, we quantified the concentrations of carotenoids and ABA, and gene expression in a revertant of MT. The results of these experiments provide more evidence that CrMYB68 is an important regulator of carotenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rangwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318020, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic improvement (Central Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- The Institute of Citrus Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Chan-León AC, Estrella-Maldonado H, Dubé P, Fuentes Ortiz G, Espadas-Gil F, Talavera May C, Ramírez Prado J, Desjardins Y, Santamaría JM. The high content of β-carotene present in orange-pulp fruits of Carica papaya L. is not correlated with a high expression of the CpLCY-β2 gene. Food Res Int 2017; 100:45-56. [PMID: 28888458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transcriptional regulation of six genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, together with the carotenoid accumulation during postharvest ripening of three different papaya genotypes of contrasting pulp color. Red-pulp genotype (RPG) showed the lowest content of yellow pigments (YP), such as β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin, together with the lowest relative expression levels (REL) of CpLCY-β2 and CpCHX-β genes. On the contrary, the yellow-pulp genotype (YPG) showed the highest content of YP and the highest REL of CpLCY-β2 and CpCHX-β genes. Interestingly, the orange-pulp genotype (OPG) showed intermediate content of YP and intermediate REL of CpLCY-β2 and CpCHX-β genes. The highest content of β-carotene shown by OPG despite having an intermediate REL of the CpLCY-β2 genes, suggests a post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, the transcriptional level of the genes, directing the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, can partially explain the accumulation of carotenoids during the postharvest ripening in C. papaya genotypes of contrasting pulp color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna C Chan-León
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Humberto Estrella-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pascal Dubé
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gabriela Fuentes Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Espadas-Gil
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Talavera May
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ramírez Prado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130, entre 32 y 34. Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Wisutiamonkul A, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Allan AC, Ketsa S. Carotenoid accumulation in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit is affected by ethylene via modulation of carotenoid pathway gene expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:308-319. [PMID: 28415031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid content in durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit is an important aspect of fruit quality, with different cultivars distinguished by differing pigmentation. We have studied the dependence of carotenogenesis on ethylene. Fruit of the cultivar 'Chanee' harvested at the mature stage were either left untreated (controls), treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h, or treated with application of an aqueous ethephon solution to the stem end, or treated for 12 h with 1-MCP followed by ethephon application. Fruit were then stored for 9 d at 25 °C. Pulp color of durian became steadily yellowish as a result of accumulation of carotenoids, which were mainly beta-carotene, and alpha-carotene, with a minor amount of zeaxanthin and lutein. 1-MCP delayed the increase in the accumulation of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and zeaxanthin, but not lutein. In contrast, ethephon had no significant effect on carotenoid accumulation. The expression of zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS), lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB), chromoplast specific lycopene beta-cyclase (CYCB) and beta-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) genes was highly correlated with carotenoid content and pulp color.1-MCP resulted in significant down-regulation of ZDS, LCYB, CYCB and BCH expression. The accumulation of beta-carotene and alpha-carotene appears to be controlled by the level of expression of LCYB gene, whose function was tested in bacteria to show conversion of lycopene and delta-carotene to beta-carotene and alpha-carotene, respectively. These results suggest that ripening-induced carotenoid accumulation is regulated by endogenous ethylene controlling the expression of key genes such as LCYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Wisutiamonkul
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Saichol Ketsa
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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49
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Luo DL, Ba LJ, Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY. Involvement of WRKY Transcription Factors in Abscisic-Acid-Induced Cold Tolerance of Banana Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3627-3635. [PMID: 28445050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and plant-specific WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated to play important roles in various stress responses. The involvement of WRKY TFs in ABA-mediated cold tolerance of economical fruits, such as banana fruit, however remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that ABA application could induce expressions of ABA biosynthesis-related genes MaNCED1 and MaNCED2, increase endogenous ABA contents, and thereby enhance cold tolerance in banana fruit. Four banana fruit WRKY TFs, designated as MaWRKY31, MaWRKY33, MaWRKY60, and MaWRKY71, were identified and characterized. All four of these MaWRKYs were nuclear-localized and displayed transactivation activities. Their expressions were induced by ABA treatment during cold storage. More importantly, the gel mobility shift assay and transient expression analysis revealed that MaWRKY31, MaWRKY33, MaWRKY60, and MaWRKY71 directly bound to the W-box elements in MaNCED1 and MaNCED2 promoters and activated their expressions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that banana fruit WRKY TFs are involved in ABA-induced cold tolerance by, at least in part, increasing ABA levels via directly activating NECD expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang College , Guiyang, 550003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jie Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang College , Guiyang, 550003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
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Fu CC, Han YC, Qi XY, Shan W, Chen JY, Lu WJ, Kuang JF. Papaya CpERF9 acts as a transcriptional repressor of cell-wall-modifying genes CpPME1/2 and CpPG5 involved in fruit ripening. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2341-2352. [PMID: 27502602 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CpERF9 controls papaya fruit ripening through transcriptional repression of cell-wall-modifying genes CpPME1/2 and CpPG5 by directly binding to their promoters. Papaya fruit ripening is an intricate and highly coordinated developmental process which is controlled by the action of ethylene and expression of numerous ethylene-responsive genes. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) representing the last regulators of ethylene-signaling pathway determine the specificities of ethylene response. However, knowledge concerning the transcriptional controlling mechanism of ERF-mediated papaya fruit ripening is limited. In the present work, a gene-encoding AP2/ERF protein with two ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs, named CpERF9, was characterized from papaya fruit. CpERF9 was found to localize in nucleus, and possess transcriptional repression ability. CpERF9 expression steadily decreased during papaya fruit ripening, while several genes encoding pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and polygalacturonases (PGs), such as CpPME1/2 and CpPG5, were gradually increased, paralleling the decline of fruit firmness. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated a specific binding of CpERF9 to promoters of CpPME1/2 and CpPG5, via the GCC-box motif. Transient expression of CpERF9 in tobacco repressed CpPME1/2 and CpPG5 promoter activities, which was depended on two EAR motifs of CpERF9 protein. Taken together, these findings suggest that papaya CpERF9 may act as a transcriptional repressor of several cell-wall modifying genes, such as CpPME1/2 and CpPG5, via directly binding to their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan-Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Ye Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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