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Cao H, Zheng X, Teng C, Xu L, Wang Y, Gai C, Ye H. Rhodobacter sphaeroides supplementation improves defense ability of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis against Shewanella putrefaciens infection via intestinal flora and metabolism regulation. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108120. [PMID: 38679366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a vital bacterial pathogen implicated in serious diseases in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Yet the use of probiotics to improve the defense ability of E. sinensis against S. putrefaciens infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, the protective effect of dietary R. sphaeroides against S. putrefaciens infection in E. sinensis was evaluated through antioxidant capability, immune response, and survival under bacterial challenge assays, and its protective mechanism was further explored using a combination of intestinal flora and metabolome assays. Our results indicated that dietary R. sphaeroides could significantly improve immunity and antioxidant ability of Chinese mitten crabs, thereby strengthening their disease resistance with the relative percentage survival of 81.09% against S. putrefaciens. In addition, dietary R. sphaeroides could significantly alter the intestinal microbial composition and intestinal metabolism of crabs, causing not only the reduction of potential threatening pathogen load but also the increase of differential metabolites in tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, the regulation of differential metabolites such as N-Acetylserotonin positively correlated with beneficial Rhodobacter could be a potential protection strategy for Shewanella infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate the protective effect and mechanism of R. sphaeroides supplementation to protect E. sinensis against S. putrefaciens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xurui Zheng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chenhao Teng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - La Xu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao, Shandong 266104, China
| | - Youhong Wang
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao, Shandong 266104, China
| | - Chunlei Gai
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao, Shandong 266104, China.
| | - Haibin Ye
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center), Qingdao, Shandong 266104, China.
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Stępniak J, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Protective Effects of Melatonin against Carcinogen-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Thyroid. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1646. [PMID: 38730600 PMCID: PMC11083294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms and possesses significant antioxidative properties. By neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, melatonin emerges as a promising agent for the prevention and therapy of many different disorders, including cancer. This paper reviews the relationship between the thyroid gland and melatonin, presenting experimental evidence on the protective effects of this indoleamine against oxidative damage to macromolecules in thyroid tissue caused by documented carcinogens (as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) or caused by potential carcinogens. Furthermore, the possible influence on cancer therapy in humans and the overall well-being of cancer patients are discussed. The article highlights melatonin's essential role in maintaining thyroid health and its contribution to management strategies in patients with thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stępniak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Zhang W, Zhao G, Li X, Han M, Zhang S, Deng H, Yang K. Dietary supplementation with tryptophan increases the plasma concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, and melatonin in Yili mares. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2023; 64. [DOI: doi.org/10.1071/an23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Context Tryptophan (Trp) is the precursor of melatonin (MT) and the latter plays vital physiological roles in mares. Aims The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary Trp supplementation on the plasma Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), and melatonin (MT) concentrations in female Yili horses. Methods Twenty Yili mares aged 2 years with mean bodyweight (BW) of 263.5 ± 14.77 kg and of similar stature were selected and randomly allocated to the control (CON; basal diet), basal diet plus Trp at 20 mg/kg BW (TRP1), basal diet plus Trp at 40 mg/kg BW (TRP2), or basal diet plus Trp at 60 mg/kg BW (TRP3) group. Key results The plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in all Trp groups steadily increased, reached their peak values, and gradually decreased after Trp supplementation between 0 h and 12 h. However, the plasma 5-HT concentration displayed the opposite trend. Peak plasma total Trp and 5-HT concentrations were attained between 1 h and 3 h, while those of KYN and MT appeared between 4 h and 6 h after Trp supplementation. The plasma total Trp and Kyn concentrations were significantly higher in TRP2 and TRP3 than in CON between 1 h and 12 h (P < 0.05) after Trp supplementation. The plasma 5-HT concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in TRP1 than in CON at 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 9 h, and 12 h after Trp supplementation. The plasma MT concentrations in TRP1 and TRP2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in CON at 3 h, 4 h, and 12 h, and at 0 h, 1 h, and 12 h after Trp supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary Trp supplementation can increase the plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in Yili mares and the optimal Trp dosage was 20 mg/kg BW. Implication The addition of Trp to a basal diet or feed may increase the plasma total Trp, Kyn, and MT concentrations in female horses.
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Gładysz AK, Stępniak J, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Exogenous Melatonin Protects against Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids Caused by Some Sodium/Iodide Symporter Inhibitors in the Thyroid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1688. [PMID: 37759991 PMCID: PMC10525497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland is the primary site of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), an intrinsic plasma membrane protein responsible for the active uptake of iodine, which is indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. Since exposure of the thyroid to NIS inhibitors can potentially have harmful effects on the entire organism, it is important to investigate the potential protective effects of known antioxidants, such as melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), against pro-oxidative action of classic NIS inhibitors. The study aimed to check if and to what extent melatonin and IPA interact with some confirmed NIS inhibitors regarding their effects on oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid. For comparison with the thyroid gland, in which NIS is typically present, the liver tissue-not possessing NIS-was applied in the present study. Thyroid and liver homogenates were incubated in the presence of tested NIS inhibitors (i.e., NaClO3, NH4SCN, KSeCN, KNO3, NaF, KClO4, and BPA) in different ranges of concentrations with/without melatonin (5 mM) or IPA (5 mM). The malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. NaClO3 increased LPO in the thyroid and in the liver, but these pro-oxidative effects were not prevented by either melatonin or IPA. Instead, pro-oxidative effects of NH4SCN observed in both tissues were prevented by both indole substances. KSeCN and NaF increased LPO only in the thyroid, and these pro-oxidative effects were prevented by melatonin and IPA. KNO3, KClO4, and BPA did not increase LPO, which can be due to their low concentrations resulting from restricted solubility. In conclusion, as melatonin prevented oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid caused by some sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors, this indoleamine shoud be considered as a potential protective agent when produced appropriately in living organisms but also as an exogenous substance recommended to individuals overexposed to NIS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra K. Gładysz
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.G.); (J.S.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Chojnacki C, Gąsiorowska A, Popławski T, Błońska A, Konrad P, Zajdler R, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. Reduced Intake of Dietary Tryptophan Improves Beneficial Action of Budesonide in Patients with Lymphocytic Colitis and Mood Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071674. [PMID: 37049514 PMCID: PMC10097278 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic colitis (LC) is a gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease with poorly known pathogenesis, but some environmental and lifestyle factors, including certain dietary components, may play a role. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, which plays important structural and functional roles as a component of many proteins. It is important in the development and maintenance of the body, in which it is metabolized in two main pathways: kynurenine (KYN) and serotonin. In this work, we explored the effect of reducing of TRP in the diet of patients with LC with mood disorders. We enrolled 40 LC patients who had a normal diet, 40 LC patients with the 8-week diet with TRP content reduced by 25% and 40 controls. All LC patients received budesonide at 9 mg per day, and the severity of their GI symptoms was evaluated by the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale. Mood disorders were evaluated by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The concentration of TRP and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QA), in urine were determined. Budesonide improved the GI and mental states of LC patients, and the diet with reduced TRP content further amended these symptoms. Dietary intervention decreased the concentration of 5-HIAA by about 50% (3.4 vs. 6.3) and QA by about 45% (3.97 vs. 7.20). These changes were correlated with a significant improvement in the profitable action of budesonide on gastrointestinal and mental health of LC patients as they displayed significantly lower GSRS, HAM-A and HAM-B scores after than before the intervention—10.5 vs. 32, 11.0 vs. 21 and 12 vs. 18, respectively. In conclusion, a reduction in TRP intake in diet may improve GI and mental symptoms in LC patients treated with budesonide and these changes may be mediated by the products of TRP metabolism.
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Paudel KR, Patel V, Vishwas S, Gupta S, Sharma S, Chan Y, Jha NK, Shrestha J, Imran M, Panth N, Shukla SD, Jha SK, Devkota HP, Warkiani ME, Singh SK, Ali MK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Nutraceuticals and COVID-19: A mechanistic approach toward attenuating the disease complications. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14445. [PMID: 36239436 PMCID: PMC9874507 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have emerged as potential compounds to attenuate the COVID-19 complications. Precisely, these food additives strengthen the overall COVID treatment and enhance the immunity of a person. Such compounds have been used at a large scale, in almost every household due to their better affordability and easy access. Therefore, current research is focused on developing newer advanced formulations from potential drug candidates including nutraceuticals with desirable properties viz, affordability, ease of availability, ease of administration, stability under room temperature, and potentially longer shelf-lives. As such, various nutraceutical-based products such as compounds could be promising agents for effectively managing COVID-19 symptoms and complications. Most importantly, regular consumption of such nutraceuticals has been shown to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Nutraceuticals such as vitamins, amino acids, flavonoids like curcumin, and probiotics have been studied for their role in the prevention of COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, pain, malaise, and dry cough. In this review, we have critically reviewed the potential of various nutraceutical-based therapeutics for the management of COVID-19. We searched the information relevant to our topic from search engines such as PubMed and Scopus using COVID-19, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and vitamins as a keyword. Any scientific literature published in a language other than English was excluded. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nutraceuticals possess both nutritional values and medicinal properties. They can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as promote physical health and the immune system, normalizing body functions, and improving longevity. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals, and medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention and are widely regarded as potential alternatives to current therapeutic options for the effective management of various diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Vyoma Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Yinghan Chan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET)Sharda UniversityGreater NiodaIndia
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, Biomedical and Healthcare Research InstituteMokpo National UniversityMuanKorea
| | | | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia,School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJaipurIndia,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesSydneyAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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González-Treviño IM, Arrona-Palacios A, Núñez-Rocha GM, Jansen EC. Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in Mexican school-aged children. Appetite 2022; 178:106177. [PMID: 35853522 PMCID: PMC10103144 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Short sleep duration has been associated with poor diet quality in school-aged children in multiple populations. However, investigations of sleep and dietary quality in Mexican school-aged children are scarce. The main objective of this work was to assess the association between sleep duration and dietary quality in Mexican school-aged children stratified by sex. The data were collected from 373 (138 girls and 235 boys) elementary school children aged 6-12 years in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Surveys collected information on general demographic characteristics and self-reported sleep duration. Diet was assessed with 24-h recalls, and dietary quality was calculated by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015). Results indicated that overall mean sleep duration was 8.23 ± 1.06 h. From the total sample, 6.7% slept ≤6 h (not recommended), 55.8% 7-8 h (may be appropriate), and 37.5% ≥ 9 h (recommended). Average total HEI-2015 score was 64.6 (out of possible 100), with boys having lower HEI-2015 scores than girls (57.7 vs 69.4). Moreover, girls and boys with shorter sleep duration (≤6 h compared to ≥ 9 h) had lower HEI-2015 scores (-1.03 [95% CI -2.74, -0.47; p < .01] and -1.78 [95% CI -3.15, -0.86; p < .001], respectively). Regarding the individual components of dietary quality, those with ≤6 h of sleep had lower scores particularly in vegetables, protein sources, added sugars and saturated fats for girls and boys compared to those with ≥9 h. These findings suggest sleep may be an important determinant of dietary practices within the Mexican children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Writing Lab, Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Cheon J, Kim M. Comprehensive effects of various nutrients on sleep. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:449-458. [PMID: 38468613 PMCID: PMC10899959 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems have become common among people today. Sleep disorders are closely associated with physiological and psychological diseases. Among the ways of improving objective or subjective sleep quality, controlling elements associated with food intake can be more efficient than other methods in terms of time and cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effects of nutrients and natural products on sleep. An extensive literature search was conducted, and related articles were identified through online databases, such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and Web of Science. Expert opinion, conference abstracts, unpublished studies, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded from this review. The effects of macronutrients and diet adjustment on sleep differed. Although not all nutrients independently affect sleep, they comprehensively affect it through tryptophan metabolism. Furthermore, natural foods related to GABA have an effect on sleep similar to that of sleeping pills. Taken together, our results suggest that humans can control both their objective and subjective sleep quality based on their lifestyle and food consumption. However, until now, direct studies on the relationship between human sleep and nutrition, such as clinical trials, have been insufficient. As both objective and subjective sleep quality are the factors determining the quality of life of individuals, further studies on those are needed to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Cheon
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, BioScience Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, 01795 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, BioScience Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, 01795 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowongu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
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Melatonin shapes bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:242-251. [PMID: 36263406 PMCID: PMC9556787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the immature gastrointestinal immune system, weaning piglets are highly susceptible to pathogens, e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Generally, pathogens activate the immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and shape intracellular metabolism (including amino acid metabolism); nevertheless, the metabolic cues of tryptophan (especially melatonin pathway) in directing porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in the serotonin pathway of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection and the effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage functions. Porcine macrophages (3D4/21 cells) were infected with ETEC, and the change of serotonin pathway was analysed by reverse transcription PCR and metabolomic analysis. The effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage function was also studied with proteomic analysis. In order to investigate the effect of melatonin on bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection, methods such as bacterial counting, reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to detect the corresponding indicators. The results showed that ETEC infection blocked melatonin production in porcine macrophages (P < 0.05) which is largely associated with the heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) of ETEC (P < 0.05). Interestingly, melatonin altered porcine macrophage functions, including bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities based on proteomic analysis. In addition, melatonin pre-treatment significantly reduced extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P < 0.05), indicating that melatonin also attenuated ETEC-triggered macrophage death. Moreover, melatonin pre-treatment resulted in the decrease of viable ETEC in 3D4/21 cells (P < 0.05), suggesting that melatonin enhances bacterial clearance of porcine macrophages. These results suggest that melatonin is particularly important in shaping porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection.
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Marde VS, Atkare UA, Gawali SV, Tiwari PL, Badole SP, Wankhede NL, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kale MB. Alzheimer's disease and sleep disorders: Insights into the possible disease connections and the potential therapeutic targets. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 68:102961. [PMID: 34890930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the comorbid conditions in an individual with Alzheimer's disease is a sleep disorder. Clinical features of sleep disorders involve various sleep disturbances such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS), Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), Rapid Eye Movement (REM), Breathing Disorders, Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), etc. The primary tools used for the identification of such disturbances are Polysomnography (PSG) and Wrist actigraphy. This review will highlight and explains the different approaches used in the treatment of sleep disorders. Non-pharmacological treatments include Peter Hauri rules, sleep education program, and light therapy which play a key role in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Pharmacological therapy described in this article may be useful in treating sleep destruction in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Along with the Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, here we discuss five commonly recognized plant-based nutraceuticals with hypothesized impact on sleep disorders: caffeine, chamomile, cherries, L-tryptophan, and valerian by the proper emphasis on the known mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav S Marde
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Utkarsha A Atkare
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon (Meghe), Wardha, India
| | - Shweta V Gawali
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Prerna L Tiwari
- Springer Nature Technology and Publishing Solutions (SNTPS), India
| | | | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, 441002 Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, 441002 Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik 423101, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, 441002 Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, 441002 Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Tryptophan, Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid Concentrations in Milk and Serum of Dairy Cows with Prototheca Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123608. [PMID: 34944383 PMCID: PMC8698139 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate serum and milk levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA), as well as the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cows with mastitis due to Prototheca algae. The study was prompted by previous research showing a link between the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism and bovine mastitis of bacterial etiology. The study was carried out over a 2-year period (2018-2019) and included quarter milk and serum samples collected from six dairy herds in Poland. The samples were obtained from healthy cows and cows with Prototheca mastitis of either clinical and subclinical manifestation, as determined upon direct measurement of the somatic cell count or indirectly by performing a California Mastitis Test on suspected quarters. Both TRP and KYN concentrations were significantly lower in milk of mastitic cows compared to healthy animals (0.8 vs. 8.72 µM, p = 0.001; 0.07 vs. 0.32 µM, p = 0.001, respectively). The difference in TRP and KYN concentrations in the sera of the two animal groups was much less pronounced (25.55 vs. 27.57 µM, 3.03 vs. 3.56 nM, respectively). The concentration of KYNA was almost at the same level in milk (1.73 vs. 1.70 nM) and in serum (80.47 vs. 75.48 nM) of both mastitic and healthy cows. The data showed that the level of TRP and its metabolites in serum was conspicuously higher compared to milk in all cows under the study. The activity of IDO was significantly higher in milk of cows with Prototheca mastitis compared to healthy animals (71.4 vs. 40.86, p < 0.05), while in serum it was pretty much the same (135.94 vs. 124.98, p > 0.05). The IDO activity differed significantly between serum and milk both for mastitic (135.94 vs. 71.4, p < 0.05) and healthy cows (124.98 vs. 40.86, p < 0.001). In conclusion, low values of TRP and KYN concentrations or elevated IDO activity in milk samples might be used as markers of mastitis due to infectious causes, including Prototheca spp.
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Effects of Duodenal 5-Hydroxytryptophan Perfusion on Melatonin Synthesis in GI Tract of Sheep. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175275. [PMID: 34500708 PMCID: PMC8433724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) duodenal perfusion on melatonin (MT) synthesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of sheep. 5-hydroxytryptophan is a precursor in the melatonin synthetic pathway. The results showed that this method significantly increased melatonin production in the mucosa of all segments in GI tract including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. The highest melatonin level was identified in the colon and this indicates that the microbiota located in the colon may also participate in the melatonin production. In addition, portion of the melatonin generated by the GI tract can pass the liver metabolism and enters the circulation via portal vein. The current study provides further evidence to support that GI tract is the major site for melatonin synthesis and the GI melatonin also contributes to the circulatory melatonin level since plasma melatonin concentrations in 5-HTP treated groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, the results show that 10–50 mg of 5-HTP flowing into the duodenum within 6 h effectively improve the production of melatonin in the GI tract and melatonin concentration in sheep blood circulation during the day.
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Babygirija R, Lamming DW. The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021; 5:17-30. [PMID: 34263088 PMCID: PMC8277109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key macronutrient and source of essential macromolecules, dietary protein plays a significant role in health. For many years, protein-rich diets have been recommended as healthy due to the satiety-inducing and muscle-building effects of protein, as well as the ability of protein calories to displace allegedly unhealthy calories from fats and carbohydrates. However, clinical studies find that consumption of dietary protein is associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, especially diabetes, while studies in rodents have demonstrated that protein restriction can promote metabolic health and even lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of dietary protein on health and longevity are not mediated simply by protein quantity but are instead mediated by protein quality - the specific amino acid composition of the diet. Here, we discuss how dietary protein and specific amino acids including methionine, the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine regulate metabolic health, healthspan, and aging, with attention to the specific molecular mechanisms that may participate in these effects. Finally, we discuss the potential applicability of these findings to promoting healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ramis MR, Sarubbo F, Moranta D, Tejada S, Lladó J, Miralles A, Esteban S. Neurochemical and Cognitive Beneficial Effects of Moderate Physical Activity and Catechin in Aged Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040621. [PMID: 33921628 PMCID: PMC8072822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy aging process is a requirement for good life quality. A relationship between physical activity, the consumption of antioxidants and brain health has been stablished via the activation of pathways that reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress, by inducing enzymes such as SIRT1, which is a protector of brain function. We analyzed the cognitive and neurochemical effects of applying physical exercise in elderly rats, alone or in combination with the antioxidant catechin. Several tests of spatial and episodic memory and motor coordination were evaluated. In addition, brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters and SIRT1 protein levels were assessed in the brains of the same rats. The results show that physical activity by itself improved age-related memory and learning deficits, correlating with the restoration of brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters and SIRT1 protein levels in the hippocampus. The administration of the antioxidant catechin along with the exercise program enhanced further the monoaminergic pathways, but not the other parameters studied. These results agree with previous reports revealing a neuroprotective effect of physical activity, probably based on its ability to improve the redox status of the brain, demonstrating that exercise at an advanced age, combined with the consumption of antioxidants, could produce favorable effects in terms of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita R. Ramis
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Fiorella Sarubbo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Llàtzer, Crta. Manacor Km 4, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
- CIBERON (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jerònia Lladó
- Department of Biology and University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Antoni Miralles
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Susana Esteban
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.R.); (F.S.); (D.M.); (S.T.); (A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173-145
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Cohen Kadosh K, Muhardi L, Parikh P, Basso M, Jan Mohamed HJ, Prawitasari T, Samuel F, Ma G, Geurts JMW. Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010199. [PMID: 33435231 PMCID: PMC7828103 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (K.C.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Leilani Muhardi
- FrieslandCampina AMEA, Singapore 039190, Singapore; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Panam Parikh
- FrieslandCampina AMEA, Singapore 039190, Singapore; (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (K.C.K.); (M.B.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Titis Prawitasari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Working Group, Indonesian Pediatric Society, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo National Referral Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Folake Samuel
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jan M. W. Geurts
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-53310499
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Wang W, Liu L, Tian Z, Han T, Sun C, Li Y. Dietary Tryptophan and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Total Effect and Mediation Effect of Sleep Duration. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2141-2151. [PMID: 34924776 PMCID: PMC8674673 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s337171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tryptophan affects energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and sleep. However, studies investigating the association between tryptophan and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) are rare. We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary tryptophan with MetSyn incidence and potential mediation via sleep duration. METHODS Data of 7890 participants were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2011) (male: 49.9%; mean age=43.43 years;median follow-up=129.76 months; MetSyn incidence: 16.3%). A combination of individual 24-hour recall and household survey was used to assess dietary intake. In total, 6720 and 4474 participants who reported sleep duration and had blood samples taken, respectively, were incorporated into subgroup analyses. MetSyn was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III criteria (2004), and tryptophan consumption and sleep duration were assessed by self-report in each survey. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between tertiles of tryptophan intake and MetSyn. Generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the effect of tryptophan on sleep duration and plasma biomarkers. RESULTS Dietary tryptophan showed a protective effect on the risk of MetSyn. The hazard ratio (95% CI) of MetSyn was 0.77 (0.65-0.90) for individuals with a high tertile of tryptophan. Sleep duration was significantly higher, and HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (APO-B) were lower in the high tertile of tryptophan compared to the low tertile (P<0.05). In addition, mediation effects on the association between tryptophan intake and MetSyn risk were observed for sleep duration (estimated mediation percentage: 26.5%). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a negative association between dietary tryptophan and MetSyn incidence, and the mediation effect of sleep duration on this association, after adjusting for numerous confounders such as nutrients and food patterns. These findings may have important public health implications for the improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8705. [PMID: 33218054 PMCID: PMC7698939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) originate in early life has emerged recently. During pregnancy, tryptophan is crucial for maternal protein synthesis and fetal development. On one hand, impaired tryptophan metabolic pathway in pregnancy impacts fetal programming, resulting in the developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease in adult offspring. On the other hand, tryptophan-related interventions might serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent a disease from occurring. In the present review, we aim to summarize (1) the three major tryptophan metabolic pathways, (2) the impact of tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy, (3) the interplay occurring between tryptophan metabolites and gut microbiota on the production of uremic toxins, (4) the role of tryptophan-derived metabolites-induced hypertension and CKD of developmental origin, (5) the therapeutic options in pregnancy that could aid in reprogramming adverse effects to protect offspring against hypertension and CKD, and (6) possible mechanisms linking tryptophan metabolism to developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Saidi O, Rochette E, Doré É, Maso F, Raoux J, Andrieux F, Fantini ML, Merlin E, Pereira B, Walrand S, Duché P. Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Proteins with Different Tryptophan/Large Neutral Amino Acid Ratios on Sleep in Adolescents: The PROTMORPHEUS Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061885. [PMID: 32599773 PMCID: PMC7353359 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed sleep is common in adolescents. Ingested nutrients help regulate the internal clock and influence sleep quality. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the effect of protein tryptophan (Trp)/large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) ratio on sleep and circadian rhythm. Ingested Trp is involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and improvement of sleep quality. Since Trp transport through the blood-brain barrier is competing with LNAAs, protein with higher Trp/LNAAs were expected to increase sleep efficiency. This randomized double-blind controlled trial will enroll two samples of male adolescents predisposed to sleep disturbances: elite rugby players (n = 24) and youths with obesity (n = 24). They will take part randomly in three sessions each held over a week. They will undergo a washout period, when dietary intake will be calibrated (three days), followed by an intervention period (three days), when their diet will be supplemented with three proteins with different Trp/LNAAs ratios. Physical, cognitive, dietary intake, appetite, and sleepiness evaluations will be made on the last day of each session. The primary outcome is sleep efficiency measured through in-home electroencephalogram recordings. Secondary outcomes include sleep staging, circadian phase, and sleep-, food intake-, metabolism-, and inflammation-related biochemical markers. A fuller understanding of the effect of protein Trp/LNAAs ratio on sleep could help in developing nutritional strategies addressing sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Éric Doré
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.S.); (E.D.)
- Center for Research in Human Nutrition Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Freddy Maso
- Rugby Training Center of the Sportive Association Montferrandaise, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Julien Raoux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabien Andrieux
- OXSITIS LAB-NUTRITION, Chrono-Nutrition Food Supplements, 63110 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- NPsy-Sydo (EA 7280), Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.R.); (E.M.)
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France;
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), 83000 Toulon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)652-1838-91
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Mund MD, Riaz M, Mirza MA, Rahman ZU, Mahmood T, Ahmad F, Ammar A. Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti-oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:48-53. [PMID: 31691503 PMCID: PMC7036307 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary level of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation at which broiler chickens have better growth with efficient immune system and anti‐oxidant status. Method One hundred and twenty (n = 120) 1‐day‐old broiler chicks were fed a common commercial diet from days 1 to 7. On day 7, the chicks were randomly divided in three treatment groups, that is, Trp 0.2 [national research council (NRC) recommended level of tryptophan], Trp 0.3 (tryptophan supplemented at 0.3%) and Trp 0.5 (tryptophan supplemented at 0.5%). All the experimental diets were iso‐caloric (ME; 3,000 kcal/kg) and iso‐proteic (CP; 18.5%). Weekly data on feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). On day 19, avian tuberculin was injected to note the cellular immunity. On day 21, two birds per replicate were killed to determine carcass and visceral organ weights. Blood serum samples were collected for analysis of humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells, total oxidant and anti‐oxidants by spectrophotometric method. Results Feed intake, carcass and visceral organ weights remained unaffected by dietary treatments while BWG and FCR tended to improve (p < .05) in broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.3 and the Trp 0.5 diets. Total oxidant status was also improved (p < .05) in broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.5 diet. Likewise, broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.3 and the Trp 0.5 diets tended to have better (p < .05) total anti‐oxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and arylesterase (ARE). The overall antibodies response and IgG improved (p < .05) by the Trp 0.3 and Trp 0.5 diets compared to control. However, IgM level remained similar across the treatment. The cellular immunity against avian tuberculin improved at 24 hr post‐injection but its effect disappeared at 48 hr. Conclusion The results of present study revealed that Trp above the NRC recommended level may give better growth, immune response and anti‐oxidant status in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad D Mund
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Mirza
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ahmad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ammar
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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van Zyl LT, Chung SA, Shahid A, Shapiro CM. L-Tryptophan As Treatment for Pediatric Non-Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 28:395-401. [PMID: 29741922 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2017.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parasomnias are common in childhood but there is no established treatment for parasomnias. The aim of this study was to (1) report on the outcome of using L-tryptophan to manage parasomnias in children and (2) examine sleep architecture and subjective psychological/sleep symptoms in children with parasomnia. METHOD A retrospective analysis was conducted of charts of children (3-18 years old) who underwent polysomnographic testing and were diagnosed with primary parasomnia. Study patients were either prescribed L-tryptophan (daily dose range: 500-4500 mg, mean dose of 2400 mg) to manage their parasomnias or administered no treatment whereby parents/guardians declined treatment. Questionnaires assessing sleep and psychosocial symptoms were administered at the initial clinical consultation and a follow-up parasomnia outcome questionnaire was administered over the phone to parents/guardians. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-five children (106 boys, 59 girls) received a sleep diagnosis of primary parasomnia. A significantly (p < 0.001) higher proportion (84%) of children taking L-tryptophan experienced improvements in their parasomnia symptoms compared with those (47%) who chose not to use L-tryptophan. Polysomnography revealed that children with parasomnias had an altered sleep architecture based on age-related normative values. Children with a diagnosis of parasomnia were also subjectively more fatigued and endorsed more depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study finds that parasomnias in children are not benign and that treatment with L-tryptophan provides a favorable outcome. Children diagnosed with parasomnia had altered sleep architecture, were more fatigued, and endorsed depressive symptoms. This study supports the need to diagnose and treat parasomnias in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis T van Zyl
- 1 Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre , Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Azmeh Shahid
- 1 Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre , Toronto, Canada .,2 Youthdale Treatment Centres , Toronto, Canada .,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Colin M Shapiro
- 1 Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Centre , Toronto, Canada .,2 Youthdale Treatment Centres , Toronto, Canada .,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
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21
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Khan NA, Sharma J, Chakrabarti R. The study of ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae) fry exposed to intense light. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1153-1165. [PMID: 30847628 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The stress ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on rohu Labeo rohita fry was evaluated. Rohu fry (1.1 ± 0.03 g) were cultured under five different feeding regimes: enriched with 0.08% vitamin C (D1), 0.02% vitamin E (D2), 1.42% tryptophan (D3), a combination of these three ingredients at similar doses (D4), and control diet (D5). Rohu fry of D5 were divided into two groups-exposed to experimental light (D5FL) and ambient light (114 ± 4 lx, D5AL). All fry (except D5AL) were exposed at light intensity of 3442 ± 648 lx. Feeding of rohu with enriched diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the survival rate and average weight. A 15-25% higher survival and 1.3-1.8-fold higher average weight were recorded in rohu fed with enriched diet compared to D5FL treatment. Supplementation of vitamin C in diet (D1) of rohu resulted in 4.1-fold and 6.9-fold higher nitric oxide synthase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively compared to the D5FL treatment. The tryptophan-enriched diet (D3) showed 5.8-fold higher melatonin and 4.4-fold lower cortisol levels in rohu compared to the D5FL treatment. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher nitric oxide synthase, GSH and melatonin, and lower cortisol, glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl protein, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were found in D4 diet fed rohu compared to the other treatments. Reduced level of stress in D4 treatment resulted in best performance of rohu in terms of less swimming activity and higher survival and growth compared to the other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Alam Khan
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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22
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Zhang Y, Bowman K, Maleski J, Diamond S, Yeleswaram S. Effects of Epacadostat on Brain Extracellular Fluid Concentrations of Serotonin-an Intracerebral Microdialysis Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:710-714. [PMID: 31010933 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epacadostat (EPAC) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor that has been examined in multiple clinical trials. The substrate for IDO1 is tryptophan and there is a theoretical concern that inhibition of IDO1 may increase the concentrations of tryptophan and subsequently serotonin, potentially leading to serotonin syndrome (SS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of EPAC, either alone or with linezolid, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), on brain extracellular fluid (ECF) concentrations of serotonin in rats, using microdialysis. While fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, increased the serotonin ECF concentration by 2-fold, the combination of fluoxetine with linezolid (a positive control used in the study) resulted in a 9-fold increase. Neither EPAC monotherapy nor combination with linezolid had any effect on serotonin concentration. In addition, EPAC was shown to have poor penetration across the rat blood-brain barrier. Across multiple phase I/II clinical studies with EPAC, four SS-like episodes were observed out of 2490 subjects, but none of the incidences were confirmed as a true case of SS. These data suggest that EPAC is unlikely to cause SS following either monotherapy or in combination with MAOIs. Thus, the exclusion of MAOI from clinical studies with EPAC has been lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Departments of Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology (Y.Z., K.B., S.D., S.Y.), and Clinical Development (J.M.), Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Departments of Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology (Y.Z., K.B., S.D., S.Y.), and Clinical Development (J.M.), Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Janet Maleski
- Departments of Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology (Y.Z., K.B., S.D., S.Y.), and Clinical Development (J.M.), Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Departments of Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology (Y.Z., K.B., S.D., S.Y.), and Clinical Development (J.M.), Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Departments of Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology (Y.Z., K.B., S.D., S.Y.), and Clinical Development (J.M.), Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware
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23
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Haraguchi A, Komada Y, Inoue Y, Shibata S. Correlation among clock gene expression rhythms, sleep quality, and meal conditions in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and night eating syndrome. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:770-783. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1585366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Haraguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Komada
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Functions of Macrophages in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1512969. [PMID: 31011585 PMCID: PMC6442305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1512969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages constitute the largest pool of macrophages in the body and have emerged as crucial sentinels for pathogen recognition and elimination. The source and development of intestinal macrophages, as well as their distinct properties have been well documented. Intestinal macrophages exert their functions in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by shaping host-microbiota symbiosis, managing gut inflammation, crosstalking with T cells, and facilitating wound repair. Recently, nutritional regulation of intestinal macrophages has attracted substantial attention and is becoming a promising approach to disease prevention and control. Understanding the mechanisms employed by intestinal macrophages in mediating intestinal immune homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the mode of action of dietary nutrients in the modulating functions of intestinal macrophages, represents an opportunity to prevent and control inflammatory bowel diseases.
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25
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zeng S, Zhao Y, Zhu C, Deng B, Zhu G, Yin Y, Wang W, Hardeland R, Ren W. Melatonin in macrophage biology: Current understanding and future perspectives. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12547. [PMID: 30597604 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous hormone found in various organisms and highly affects the function of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the significance of melatonin in macrophage biology and the beneficial effects of melatonin in macrophage-associated diseases. Enzymes associated with synthesis of melatonin, as well as membrane receptors for melatonin, are found in macrophages. Indeed, melatonin influences the phenotype polarization of macrophages. Mechanistically, the roles of melatonin in macrophages are related to several cellular signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, STATs, and NLRP3/caspase-1. Notably, miRNAs (eg, miR-155/-34a/-23a), cellular metabolic pathways (eg, α-KG, HIF-1α, and ROS), and mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are also involved. Thus, melatonin modulates the development and progression of various macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides a better understanding about the importance of melatonin in macrophage biology and macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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26
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Yang X, Xu M, Huang G, Zhang C, Pang Y, Cheng Y. Effect of dietary L-tryptophan on the survival, immune response and gut microbiota of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:1007-1017. [PMID: 30381266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of L-tryptophan (L-trp) on the survival, immune response and gut microbiota of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (with an average weight of 16.58 ± 2.20 g). After 30 days of feeding with diets supplemented with L-trp at 0.36%, 0.47%, 0.73% and 1.05% (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), the survival rate and bacterial challenge (Aeromonas hydrophila) were evaluated, the activities of antioxidant and phosphatase enzymes in the serum were assessed, and the gut microbiota were measured via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The results showed that the supplementation of L-trp significantly improved the survival rate of crabs (P < 0.05). After feeding for 7 days, it was observed that a high L-trp diet significantly increase the survival rate relative to a basal diet after a 96-h post-challenge with A. hydrophila (P < 0.05). The activity of CAT and AKP in the serum were increased by the addition of L-trp. The activity of CAT and AKP in the serum in group 4 were higher than those in group 1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed that adjunction of the L-trp can significantly increase the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota. The dominant phylum in the intestine of the Chinese mitten crab were Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria. The L-trp in the diets increased the richness of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the intestine significantly. These bacteria were all dominant bacteria and had a specific role in promoting the immunity of E. sinensis. Therefore, it could be inferred that L-trp supplementation is beneficial in the diet of E. sinensis. Based in these results, the dietary 0.47% or 0.73%L-trp supplemented is found to be optimum to improve E. sinensis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Zhang C, Song XZ, Zhang Q, Pang YY, Lv JH, Tang BP, Cheng YX, Yang XZ. Changes in bud morphology, growth-related genes and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209617. [PMID: 30586462 PMCID: PMC6306232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During pond culture of Eriocheir sinensis, a high limb-impairment rate restricts the industry development and quality. Therefore, research on limb autotomy and regeneration has important practical significance for the industrial development and basic biology of E. sinensis. This study evaluated the changes in bud morphology, growth-related gene expression and nutritional status during cheliped regeneration in E. sinensis. The study found that the new cheliped was pre-formed in the bud and then regenerated with the completion of molting of E. sinensis. The new cheliped was similar in morphology to the normal cheliped after the first molting but smaller in size. The qRT-PCR results of growth-related genes showed that the expression levels of EcR-mRNA (ecdysteroid receptor) and Chi-mRNA (chitinase) were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of MIH-mRNA (molt-inhibiting hormone) was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The nutritional status during the regeneration process showed that the hepatopancreas total lipid content decreased significantly within 28 days and was significantly lower in the autotomy group than in the control group at 14 d and 21 d (P < 0.05). The hepatopancreas fatty acid composition results showed that saturated fatty acids (SFA), highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and n-3/n-6 were significantly higher in the autotomy group than in the control group at 21 d (P < 0.05), whereas the ∑ n-6 PUFA and ∑ n-3 PUFA at 1 d and 7 d, and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) at 28 d in the autotomy group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of eicosatetraenoic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) showed that DHA was significantly lower at 7 d and significantly higher at 21 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas ARA and EPA were not significantly different between the two groups. Muscle L-tryptophan content was significantly lower at 1 d and significantly higher at 7 d in the autotomy group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that during the cheliped regeneration process, crabs could accelerate molting and regeneration by regulating growth-related gene expression (e.g., EcR-mRNA and MIH-mRNA) and nutrient metabolism (e.g., lipid metabolism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Yang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Huan Lv
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yong-Xu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Song X, Pang Y, Song Y, Cheng Y, Yang X. Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Hematological Immune and Antibacterial Ability of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Under Cheliped Autotomy Stress. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2744. [PMID: 30574139 PMCID: PMC6291750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In pond cultures of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis, limb autotomy stress seriously affects and restricts the quality and economic benefits of aquaculture. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of L-tryptophan on E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress. In the present study, 252 crabs were divided into four groups: dietary L-trp supplementation with 0.28, 0.40, 0.53, and 0.70%, and their hematological immunity, antioxidant capacity, anti-stress, and antibacterial ability were evaluated after 14 days of using biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular biology techniques. First, we counted the mortality after 14 days of feeding and found that compared with other treatments, dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp significantly lowered the mortality of E. sinensis. Moreover, the total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyanin, and glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity significantly increased at 7 and 14 d with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp, in contrast with the significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 14 d in the same dietary groups (P<0.05). Next, the bacterial challenge test after 14 days of feeding showed that the THC levels, phagocytic rate, and acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were significantly higher with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp after 12 and 24 h of Aeromonas hydrophila injection, along with a significant improvement in the antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Further, we measured the expression of antibacterial-related protein genes (EslecB and HSP 90) and found that they were significant up-regulated in the hepatopancreas, hemocytes, intestine, and gill in the groups with dietary supplementation of 0.53% and 0.70% L-trp after 12 h or 24 h of A. hydrophila injection (P<0.05). Taken together, the observations in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of L-trp can enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve the hematological immune status and antibacterial ability of E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress, thereby increasing the survival rate of E. sinensis under cheliped autotomy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Song
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
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29
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Lee B, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Melatonin ameliorates cognitive memory by regulation of cAMP-response element-binding protein expression and the anti-inflammatory response in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:38. [PMID: 29973144 PMCID: PMC6032787 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important psychological disease that can develop following the physical experience or witnessing of traumatic events. The psychopathological response to traumatic stressors increases inflammation in the hippocampus and induces memory deficits. Melatonin (MTG) plays critical roles in circadian rhythm disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological disorders. However, the cognitive efficiency of MTG and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of PTSD remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of MTG on spatial cognitive impairments stimulated by single prolonged stress (SPS) in rats, an animal model of PTSD. Male rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of various doses of MTG for 21 consecutive days after the SPS procedure. RESULTS SPS-stimulated cognitive impairments in the object recognition task and Morris water maze were reversed by MTG treatment (25 mg/kg, i.p). Additionally, MTG significantly increased cognitive memory-related decreases in cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Our results also demonstrate that MTG significantly inhibited SPS-stimulated cognitive memory impairments by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the rat brain. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that MTG can be beneficial for SPS-stimulated memory impairments via changes in CREB expression and proinflammatory mediators. Thus, MTG may be a prophylactic strategy for the prevention or mitigation of the progression of some features of the PTSD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
α-Lactalbumin is a whey protein that constitutes approximately 22% of the proteins in human milk and approximately 3.5% of those in bovine milk. Within the mammary gland, α-lactalbumin plays a central role in milk production as part of the lactose synthase complex required for lactose formation, which drives milk volume. It is an important source of bioactive peptides and essential amino acids, including tryptophan, lysine, branched-chain amino acids, and sulfur-containing amino acids, all of which are crucial for infant nutrition. α-Lactalbumin contributes to infant development, and the commercial availability of α-lactalbumin allows infant formulas to be reformulated to have a reduced protein content. Likewise, because of its physical characteristics, which include water solubility and heat stability, α-lactalbumin has the potential to be added to food products as a supplemental protein. It also has potential as a nutritional supplement to support neurological function and sleep in adults, owing to its unique tryptophan content. Other components of α-lactalbumin that may have usefulness in nutritional supplements include the branched-chain amino acid leucine, which promotes protein accretion in skeletal muscle, and bioactive peptides, which possess prebiotic and antibacterial properties. This review describes the characteristics of α-lactalbumin and examines the potential applications of α-lactalbumin for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald K Layman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urban-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - John D Fernstrom
- Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jiki Z, Lecour S, Nduhirabandi F. Cardiovascular Benefits of Dietary Melatonin: A Myth or a Reality? Front Physiol 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 29867569 PMCID: PMC5967231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the diet as well as the impact of the dietary habits on human health and disease is well established. Apart from its sleep regulatory effect, the indoleamine melatonin is a well-established antioxidant molecule with multiple health benefits. Convincing evidence supports the presence of melatonin in plants and foods with the intake of such foods affecting circulating melatonin levels in humans. While numerous actions of both endogenous melatonin and melatonin supplementation are well described, little is known about the influence of the dietary melatonin intake on human health. In the present review, evidence for the cardiovascular health benefits of melatonin supplementation and dietary melatonin is discussed. Current knowledge on the biological significance as well as the underlying physiological mechanism of action of the dietary melatonin is also summarized. Whether dietary melatonin constitutes an alternative preventive treatment for cardiovascular disease is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukiswa Jiki
- Cardioprotection Group, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederic Nduhirabandi
- Cardioprotection Group, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shoaib M, Buhidma Y. Why are Antidepressant Drugs Effective Smoking Cessation Aids? Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:426-437. [PMID: 28925882 PMCID: PMC6018185 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170915142122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the advent of varenicline, antidepressant drugs were reported to exhibit better clinical efficacy than nicotine replacement therapy as smoking cessation aids. The most studied is bupropion, a clinically-effective antidepressant, the first to be marketed throughout Europe for smoking cessation. Since depression and tobacco smoking have a high incidence of cooccurrence, this would implicate an underlying link between these two conditions. If this correlation can be confirmed, then by treating one condition the related state would also be treated. OBJECTIVES This review article will evaluate the various theories relating to the use of antidepressant drugs as smoking cessation aids and the underlying mechanisms link tobacco smoking and depression to explain the action of antidepressants in smoking cessation. One plausible theory of self-medication which proposes that people take nicotine to treat their own depressive symptoms and the affective withdrawal symptoms seen with abstinence from the drug. If the depression can instead be treated with antidepressants, then they may stop smoking altogether. Another theory is that the neurobiological pathways underlying smoking and depression may be similar. By targeting the pathways of depression in the brain, antidepressants would also treat the pathways affected by smoking and ease nicotine cravings and withdrawal. The role of genetic variation predisposing an individual to depression and initiation of tobacco smoking has also been discussed as a potential link between the two conditions. Such variation could either occur within the neurobiological pathways involved in both disorders or it could lead to an individual being depressed and selfmedicating with nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shoaib
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Yazead Buhidma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Comparing the Behavioural Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone and Melatonin in Young and Old Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5863402. [PMID: 28050228 PMCID: PMC5165162 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5863402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin are two hormones with quite different physiological effects. Curiously, their secretion shows parallel and severe age-related reductions. This has promoted many reports for studying the therapeutic supplementation of both hormones in an attempt to avoid or delay the physical, physiological, and psychological decay observed in aged humans and in experimental animals. Interestingly, the effects of the external administration of low doses of GH and of melatonin were surprisingly similar, as both hormones caused significant improvements in the functional capabilities of aged subjects. The present report aims at discerning the eventual difference between cognitive and motor effects of the two hormones when administered to young and aged Wistar rats. The effects were tested in the radial maze, a test highly sensitive to the age-related impairments in working memory and also in the rotarod test, for evaluating the motor coordination. The results showed that both hormones caused clear improvements in both tasks. However, while GH improved the cognitive capacity and, most importantly, the physical stamina, the effects of melatonin should be attributed to its antioxidant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties.
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van der Meer Y, Lammers A, Jansman AJM, Rijnen MMJA, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4704-4719. [PMID: 27898965 PMCID: PMC7199661 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)-fed pigs compared with (AA-B)-fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP ( = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets ( ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. van der Meer
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
- De Heus Animal Nutrition, Ede, 6717 VE, the Netherlands
| | - A. Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - A. J. M. Jansman
- Wageningen UR, Livestock Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | | | - W. H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - W. J. J. Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
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Bai M, Liu H, Xu K, Oso AO, Wu X, Liu G, Tossou MCB, Al-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Xi Q, Yin Y. A review of the immunomodulatory role of dietary tryptophan in livestock and poultry. Amino Acids 2016; 49:67-74. [PMID: 27778165 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses in animals. The products of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and melatonin, may improve immunity in an organism and induce anti-inflammatory responses. The immune tolerance processes mediated by tryptophan metabolites are not well understood. Recent studies have reported that the enzymes that break down tryptophan through the kynurenine metabolic pathway are found in numerous cell types, including immunocytes. Moreover, some tryptophan metabolites have been shown to play a role in the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, elevation of immunoglobulin levels in the blood, and promotion of antigen-presenting organization in tissues. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of tryptophan and metabolites in immune functions in livestock and poultry. It also highlights the areas in which our understanding of the role(s) of tryptophan is incomplete and suggests possible future research that might prove of benefit to livestock and poultry producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Abimbola Oladele Oso
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Myrlene Carine B Tossou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinlong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China. .,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Yurcheshen M, Seehuus M, Pigeon W. Updates on Nutraceutical Sleep Therapeutics and Investigational Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:105256. [PMID: 26265921 PMCID: PMC4523676 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the population will suffer from a sleep disorder over the course of their lifetime. There is increasing interest in nutraceuticals for these conditions. The quality of the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of using these supplements to treat sleep disorders varies substantially. In this review, we discuss the data about the effectiveness and safety of six commonly used plant-based sleep therapeutics: caffeine, chamomile, cherries, kava kava, L-tryptophan, marijuana, and valerian. We explore both historical uses of each substance and the current state of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yurcheshen
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martin Seehuus
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Middlebury College, 14 Old Chapel Road, Burlington, VT 05753, USA
| | - Wilfred Pigeon
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Veterans Administration, 400 Fort Hill Avenue, Canandaigua, NY 14424, USA
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Machado M, Azeredo R, Díaz-Rosales P, Afonso A, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. Dietary tryptophan and methionine as modulators of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status and inflammatory response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:353-62. [PMID: 25463296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids regulate key metabolic pathways important to immune responses and their nutritional supply may increase synthesis of immune-related proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of tryptophan and methionine on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) cellular and humoral status. The immunomodulatory effects of tryptophan and methionine during an inflammatory insult was also evaluated after intraperitoneal injection with inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp). A practical isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude fat) diets was formulated to include fish meal and a blend of plant feedstuffs as protein sources and fish oil as the main lipid source (CRL diet). Two other diets were formulated similar to the control but including L-tryptophan or L-methionine at ×2 the requirement level (diets TRP and MET, respectively). European seabass weighing 275 g were fed the experimental diets for a period of 15 days before being sampled (trial 1). Then, fish were subjected to a peritoneal inflammation by intraperitoneally injecting UV killed Phdp (10(6) colony forming units ml(-1)) and sampled following 4 and 24 h post-injection (trial 2). Fish injected with a saline solution served as control. The haematological profile, peripheral cell dynamics and several plasma immune parameters were determined in trials 1 and 2, whereas cell migration to the inflammatory focus was also determined in trial 2. MET positively affected European seabass immune status by improving the peripheral leucocyte response, complement activity and bactericidal capacity, a stronger cellular recruitment to the inflammatory focus, and higher plasma peroxidase and bactericidal activities. TRP also seemed to improve immunostimulation, as there was a trend to augment both cell-mediated immunity and humoral capacity. However, TRP failed to improve an inflammatory response, verified by a decrease in blood phagocyte numbers and lack of immune cells recruitment. In summary, it is confirmed that MET has a pronounced influence on the innate immune response to inflammation, which is more evident than TRP, and raises its potential to incorporate in functional feeds to be used in prophylactic strategies against predictable unfavourable events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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Xu S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Lin Y, Fang Z, Che L, Wu D. Threonine and tryptophan supplementation enhance porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) vaccine-induced immune responses of growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:294-304. [PMID: 25186185 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate influences of threonine and tryptophan supplementation (TTS) on immune response of growing pigs inoculated with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Twenty growing barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to four groups according to the PRRS vaccination and TTS. Serum samples were collected from all pigs at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 post-vaccination (day 0 defined as the day of vaccination). Pigs were euthanized and samples collected at day 49 post-vaccination. The results showed that TTS tended to increase weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs (P < 0.1). PRRS vaccine enhanced serum PRRSV-specific antibody, serum virus neutralizing (SVN) antibody and interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1β concentrations (P < 0.05). The expression of TLR3 and TLR7 mRNA in lymph nodes were higher in TTS than in the control group after PRRS vaccine inoculation (P < 0.05). TTS diet mitigated lung damage which is induced by PRRS vaccination from microscopic evaluation. These results suggest that dietary TTS could improve growth performance of growing pigs, which may be ascribed to the improved immune response and mitigated lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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39
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Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and fat metabolism in rats with l-tryptophan supplementation. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2681-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Xu S, Shen J, Fang Z, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Che L, Wu D. Effects of dietary threonine and tryptophan supplementation on growing pigs induced by porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome vaccination. Arch Anim Nutr 2014; 68:385-97. [PMID: 25115344 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2014.949024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 32 growing pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with two different diets (conventional [CON] diet vs. threonine [Thr]- and tryptophan [Trp]-rich [TTR] diet) and two immunological challenge regimens (porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome [PRRS] vaccine vs. phosphate buffer solution [PBS]) to study the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with Trp and Thr would benefit for growing pigs vaccinated with PRRS vaccine. After feeding the experimental diets for 21 d, the pigs were intramuscularly vaccinated with PRRS or PBS. Performance data were recorded over a period of 10 weeks and are presented for the pre-challenge period (3 weeks) and the challenge period (7 weeks, where on day 1, pigs were immunologically challenged). During the pre-challenge period, the growth performance was not different between dietary treatments. PRRS vaccination resulted in increased rectal temperature and decreased feed intake and growth rate (p < 0.05). In PRRS-vaccinated pigs, diet TTR enhanced the feed intake, especially during the first 2 weeks after the PRRS vaccination compared with diet CON (p < 0.05). PRRS vaccination also resulted in increased plasma concentration of urea nitrogen, essential and non-essential amino acids (p < 0.05) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus specific antibodies (p < 0.05), but decreased concentration of immunoproteins including alpha-1-acylglycoprotein and immunoglobulin G (p < 0.05). The alleviation of the PRRS vaccination induced decrease in feed intake and growth rate by Thr and Trp supplementation, indicating that the PRRS-vaccinated pigs had a higher Thr and Trp requirement than non-vaccinated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xu
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an , China
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Calvo JR, González-Yanes C, Maldonado MD. The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:103-20. [PMID: 23889107 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans and a great functional versatility. In recent years, a considerable amount of experimental evidence has accumulated showing a relationship between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The molecular basis of the communication between these systems is the use of a common chemical language. In this framework, currently melatonin is considered one of the members of the neuroendocrine-immunological network. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies have documented that melatonin plays a fundamental role in neuroimmunomodulation. Based on the information published, it is clear that the majority of the present data in the literature relate to lymphocytes; thus, they have been rather thoroughly investigated, and several reviews have been published related to the mechanisms of action and the effects of melatonin on lymphocytes. However, few studies concerning the effects of melatonin on cells belonging to the innate immunity have been reported. Innate immunity provides the early line of defense against microbes and consists of both cellular and biochemical mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the role of melatonin in the innate immunity. More specifically, we summarize the effects and action mechanisms of melatonin in the different cells that belong to or participate in the innate immunity, such as monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Calvo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.
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Donovan MH, Tecott LH. Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian energy balance. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:36. [PMID: 23543912 PMCID: PMC3608917 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of energy balance requires regulation of the amount and timing of food intake. Decades of experiments utilizing pharmacological and later genetic manipulations have demonstrated the importance of serotonin signaling in this regulation. Much progress has been made in recent years in understanding how central nervous system (CNS) serotonin systems acting through a diverse array of serotonin receptors impact feeding behavior and metabolism. Particular attention has been paid to mechanisms through which serotonin impacts energy balance pathways within the hypothalamus. How upstream factors relevant to energy balance regulate the release of hypothalamic serotonin is less clear, but work addressing this issue is underway. Generally, investigation into the central serotonergic regulation of energy balance has had a predominantly “hypothalamocentric” focus, yet non-hypothalamic structures that have been implicated in energy balance regulation also receive serotonergic innervation and express multiple subtypes of serotonin receptors. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation of the diverse mechanisms through which peripheral serotonin impacts energy balance regulation. Clearly, the serotonergic regulation of energy balance is a field characterized by both rapid advances and by an extensive and diverse set of central and peripheral mechanisms yet to be delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco CA, USA
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Campos LA, Cipolla-Neto J, Michelini LC. Melatonin modulates baroreflex control via area postrema. Brain Behav 2013; 3:171-7. [PMID: 23531786 PMCID: PMC3607157 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineal gland and its hormone melatonin have been implicated in modulation of cardiovascular system. We aimed at studying the effects of melatonin on baroreflex sensitivity and the role of area postrema, as a component modulator of baroreflex arch. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious freely moving rats. Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was assessed by determining the HR responses to ramped infusions of phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced MAP changes. Melatonin bolus (0.11 mg/kg) immediately followed by its continuous infusion (0.43 × 10(-9) mol/L at a rate of 0.65 mL/h for 30 min) in healthy normotensive rats produced a downward shift of baroreceptor reflex control with a substantial inhibition of reflex tachycardia (-32%) and potentiation of reflex bradycardia (+20%). Ablation of area postrema (APX group) induced a sustained decrease of MAP (101 ± 3 vs. 116 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05 in comparison with sham rats, respectively). The melatonin-induced alterations of baroreflex function observed in the sham group were abolished in the APX group. We conclude that circulating melatonin can modulate baroreceptor reflex control of HR, thus resetting it toward lower HR values. The modulatory effects of melatonin may be mediated via melatonin receptors in the area postrema, located outside the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Campos
- São José dos Campos Technology Park, University Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO) São Paulo, Brazil ; Department of Physiology Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bruschetta G, Di Pietro P, Miano M, Zanghì G, Fazio E, Ferlazzo AM. Daily variations of plasma serotonin levels in 2-year-old horses. J Vet Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nascimento E, Guzman-Quevedo O, Delacourt N, da Silva Aragão R, Perez-Garcia G, de Souza SL, Manhães-de-Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F, Kaeffer B. Long-lasting effect of perinatal exposure to L-tryptophan on circadian clock of primary cell lines established from male offspring born from mothers fed on dietary protein restriction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56231. [PMID: 23460795 PMCID: PMC3584092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Maternal undernutrition programs metabolic adaptations which are ultimately detrimental to adult. L-tryptophan supplementation was given to manipulate the long-term sequelae of early-life programming by undernutrition and explore whether cultured cells retain circadian clock dysregulation. Methods Male rat pups from mothers fed on low protein (8%, LP) or control (18%, CP) diet were given, one hour before light off, an oral bolus of L-tryptophan (125 mg/kg) between Day-12 and Day-21 of age. Body weight, food intake, blood glucose along with the capacity of colonization of primary cells from biopsies were measured during the young (45–55 days) and adult (110–130 days) phases. Circadian clock oscillations were re-induced by a serum shock over 30 hours on near-confluent cell monolayers to follow PERIOD1 and CLOCK proteins by Fluorescent Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (FLISA) and period1 and bmal1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Cell survival in amino acid-free conditions were used to measure circadian expression of MAP-LC3B, MAP-LC3B-FP and Survivin. Results Tryptophan supplementation did not alter body weight gain nor feeding pattern. By three-way ANOVA of blood glucose, sampling time was found significant during all phases. A significant interaction between daily bolus (Tryptophan, saline) and diets (LP, CP) were found during young (p = 0.0291) and adult (p = 0.0285) phases. In adult phase, the capacity of colonization at seeding of primary cells was twice lower for LP rats. By three-way ANOVA of PERIOD1 perinuclear/nuclear immunoreactivity during young phase, we found a significant effect of diets (p = 0.049), daily bolus (p<0.0001) and synchronizer hours (p = 0.0002). All factors were significantly interacting (p = 0.0148). MAP-LC3B, MAP-LC3B-FP and Survivin were altered according to diets in young phase. Conclusions Sequelae of early-life undernutrition and the effects of L-tryptophan supplementation can be monitored non-invasively by circadian sampling of blood D-glucose and on the expression of PERIOD1 protein in established primary cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nascimento
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Nellie Delacourt
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Georgina Perez-Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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Nawrot-Porąbka K, Jaworek J, Leja-Szpak A, Szklarczyk J, Konturek SJ, Reiter RJ. Luminal melatonin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion via activation of serotonin-dependent nerves. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:494-504. [PMID: 23744434 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) is released from enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. 5-HT, via the activation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors on vagal fibers, mediates pancreatic secretion through the mechanism independent from cholecystokinin. Melatonin (5-HT derivative) or L-tryptophan (melatonin or 5-HT precursor) given systemically or intraduodenally to the rats stimulate amylase secretion, but the mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of 5-HT in the pancreatostimulatory effect of melatonin or L-tryptophan, administered intraduodenally. METHODS Wistar rats were surgically equipped with silicone catheters; inserted into pancreato-biliary duct and into the duodenum. Melatonin, L-tryptophan or 5-HT were given to the rats as a bolus. Combination of 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: ketanserin (100 μg/kg) and MDL72222 (250 μg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to the animals, 15 min. prior to the administration of the examined substances. The role of the vagal nerve, sensory fibers and CCK in the control of pancreatic exocrine function were determined. Blood samples were taken for the determination of 5-HT. RESULTS Melatonin, 5-HT or L-tryptophan increased pancreatic amylase secretion. The stimulatory effect of the above substances was decreased by pretreatment of the rats with ketanserin and MDL72222. Bilateral vagotomy completely abolished the increase of amylase output caused by 5-HT, while capsaicin deactivation of sensory nerves or blockade of CCK1 receptor only partially reversed the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on the pancreas. Intraduodenal L-tryptophan, but not melatonin, increased plasma 5-HT concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Stimulation of pancreatic exocrine function caused by intraluminal administration of melatonin, or L-tryptophan is modified, at least in part, by serotoninergic mechanisms and vagal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nawrot-Porąbka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Michałowskiego 12, PL 31-126 Kraków, Poland
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Ouakki S, Mrabet FZE, Hessni AE, Mesfioui A, Pévet P, Ouichou A. Conversion of L-Tryptophan into Melatonin Is the Possible Action Pathway Involved in the Effect of L-Tryptophan on Antidepressant-Related Behavior in Female Rats: Analysis of the Influence of Treatment Duration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ma H, Zhang W, Song WH, Sun P, Jia ZH. Effects of tryptophan supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics, serum tryptophan, and related hormone concentrations in cashmere goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:239-50. [PMID: 22541934 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics and on serum Trp, melatonin (MEL), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere wether goats were stratified on the basis of body weight (28±0.8 kg) and assigned randomly to 1 of the following 4 rumen-protected Trp treatments: 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 137 d. Blood samples were collected monthly during the daytime (8:00 AM) and at night (8:00 PM). Tryptophan supplementation improved cashmere growth rates, cashmere weight, and body weight (P=0.001) and increased serum Trp levels, nighttime MEL concentrations, IGF-1, and T3 and T4 concentrations (P<0.05). Across the treatments and sampling months, a highly positive correlation between cashmere growth rate and nighttime serum MEL concentrations was observed (r=0.879, P=0.001). A moderately negative correlation between cashmere growth rates and serum PRL concentrations during the day and at night (rday=-0.645, P=0.007; rnight=-0.583, P=0.018) was observed. A moderately positive correlation between the cashmere growth rate and the daytime serum IGF-1 concentration (r=0.536, P=0.032) was observed, and no correlation was found between the cashmere growth rate and the other serum hormone concentrations. These data indicate that changes in serum concentrations of MEL, IGF-1, and PRL are related to cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Under the experimental conditions of the current trial, we suggest that Trp may promote cashmere growth by increasing daytime IGF-1 and nighttime MEL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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A cherry nutraceutical modulates melatonin, serotonin, corticosterone, and total antioxidant capacity levels: effect on ageing and chronotype. J Appl Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-011-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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