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Isenhour J, Speck B, Conradt E, Crowell SE, Raby KL. Examining the implications of contextual stress and maternal sensitivity for infants' cortisol responses to the still face paradigm. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107059. [PMID: 38692096 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Infants' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to acute stressors are theorized to be shaped by parents' sensitive responsiveness to infants' cues. The strength and direction of the association between maternal sensitivity and infants' HPA responses may depend on the context in which maternal sensitivity is observed and on broader environmental sources of stress and support. In this preregistered study, we used data from 105 mothers and their 7-month-old infants to examine whether two empirically identified forms of contextual stress-poor maternal psychosocial wellbeing and family socioeconomic hardship-moderate the association between maternal sensitivity and infants' cortisol responses to the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP). Results indicated that maternal sensitivity during the free play and family socioeconomic hardship interacted to predict infants' cortisol responses to the SFP. Specifically, maternal sensitivity during this non-distressing interaction was negatively associated with cortisol responses only among infants whose mothers were experiencing relatively high socioeconomic hardship. Exploratory analyses revealed that poor maternal psychosocial wellbeing was positively associated with overall infant cortisol production during the SFP. Altogether, these findings suggest that experiences within early parent-infant attachment relationships and sources of contextual stress work together to shape infant HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Speck
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth Conradt
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, USA
| | | | - K Lee Raby
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, USA.
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2
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Ohashi YGB, Rodman AM, McLaughlin KA. Fluctuations in emotion regulation as a mechanism linking stress and internalizing psychopathology among adolescents: An intensive longitudinal study. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104551. [PMID: 38728833 PMCID: PMC11162922 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are tightly coupled with the emergence of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. We investigated within-person fluctuations in emotion regulation as a mechanism linking SLEs and internalizing psychopathology in an intensive longitudinal study. We examined how monthly fluctuations in SLEs were related to engagement in three emotion regulation strategies-acceptance, reappraisal, and rumination-and whether these strategies were associated with changes in internalizing symptoms in adolescents followed for one year (N = 30; n = 355 monthly observations). Bayesian hierarchical models revealed that on months when adolescents experienced more SLEs than was typical for them, they also engaged in more rumination, which, in turn, was associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms and mediated the prospective relationship between SLEs and internalizing symptoms. In contrast, greater use of acceptance and reappraisal selectively moderated the association between stressors and internalizing symptoms, resulting in stronger links between SLEs and symptoms. These results suggest that emotion regulation strategies play different roles in the stress-psychopathology relationship. Understanding how changes in emotion regulation contribute to increases in internalizing symptoms following experiences of stress may provide novel targets for interventions aimed at reducing stress-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ballmer Institute, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA
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Wu W, Liao H, Yang X. Education disrupts the intergenerational transmission of health disadvantage across three generations in China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302963. [PMID: 38848425 PMCID: PMC11161082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This article utilizes survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to examine whether grandparents' health disadvantage have both direct and indirect effects on the health disadvantage of their grandchildren, and whether the completion of compulsory education by parents disrupts these intergenerational transmissions in China. The findings suggest that grandparents' health disadvantage significantly increases the probability of grandchildren's health disadvantage with and without controlling parental health disadvantage and other characteristics. Moreover, the study identifies a disruptive influence of parental education on this transmission process. Rigorous robustness tests, including the use of the Compulsory Education Law as an instrumental variable to control for unobserved factors, validate these results. Mechanism analysis shows that parents completing compulsory education contribute to improving their nutritional balance and adopting healthy behaviors, attaining higher social status, earning higher income, which ultimately reduce the probability of health disadvantage for both themselves and their children. These findings highlight the persistent intergenerational transmission of health disparities within families and emphasize the importance of enhancing individuals' education levels to disrupt this transmission. By doing so, it may be possible to mitigate health inequalities and disparities across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Wu
- School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haokai Liao
- College of Humanities and Arts, Heyuan Polytechnic, Yuancheng District, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuelin Yang
- The School of Marxism, Jiangxi University of Technology, Gaoxin District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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4
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Ye C, Ye B, Zhang Z. The relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression among college students: the mediating roles of coping style and resilience. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:333. [PMID: 38845034 PMCID: PMC11157934 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous studies, unpredictability in childhood could significantly increase the risk of depression in adulthood. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between these two variables in China. This paper aims to explore the relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression and examine the mediating roles of coping styles and resilience. METHODS We investigated 601 college students, who had an average age of 19.09 (SD = 2.78) years. Participants completed questionnaires regarding unpredictability in childhood, coping style, resilience, and depression. We analyzed survey data using the bias-corrected bootstrap method. RESULTS The findings revealed a significant positive association between unpredictability in childhood and depression among college students. Mature coping style, immature coping style, and resilience were found to mediate this relationship independently. Furthermore, the study unveiled a serial mediation process, wherein both mature and immature coping styles, followed by resilience, sequentially mediate the relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression, underscoring the complex interplay between these variables. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the risk of depression among college students who have experienced unpredictable childhood should be valued. Attention to coping styles and resilience should be paid to decrease depression among college students who have experienced unpredictable childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiu Ye
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
- School of Physical Education, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Collins CC, Kwon E, Kogan SM. Parenting practices and trajectories of proactive coping assets among emerging adult Black men. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38837762 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Positive youth development (PYD) frameworks suggest that a critical response to investigating the challenges young Black men living in resource poor communities experience involves identifying contextual resources in young men's lives and personal assets that promote success. The following study examines heterogeneity in proactive coping assets trajectories, parental practices as predictors of developmental trajectories, and associated outcomes of each trajectory. The study sample consisted of Black emerging adult men living in rural Georgia (N = 504). At baseline, men were between the ages of 19 and 22 (Mage = 20.29; SD = 1.10). At wave four, the participants' mean age was 27.67 (SD = 1.39). Results of growth mixture modeling from waves 1 to 3 discerned three developmental trajectory classes of emerging adults' proactive coping assets: a high and increasing class (n = 247, 49%), a low and stable class (n = 212, 42%), and a moderate and decreasing class (n = 45, 9%). Trajectory classes were linked to baseline levels of parental support, coaching, and expectations. Analysis revealed that parental support and parental coaching predicted proactive coping asset trajectory class identification. Links were then investigated between emerging adults' proactive coping asset trajectory classes and wave four physical health, depression, and alcohol use. Results revealed significant associations between class identification, alcohol use, and physical health. Study findings provide evidence supporting the impact of parenting on emerging adult Black men, underscoring the need to expand resources that support parenting and emerging adult relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Human Development Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Thapaliya B, Ray B, Farahdel B, Suresh P, Sapkota R, Holla B, Mahadevan J, Chen J, Vaidya N, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Benegal V, Schumann G, Calhoun VD, Liu J. Cross-continental environmental and genome-wide association study on children and adolescent anxiety and depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384298. [PMID: 38827440 PMCID: PMC11141390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents warrant special attention as a public health concern given their devastating and long-term effects on development and mental health. Multiple factors, ranging from genetic vulnerabilities to environmental stressors, influence the risk for the disorders. This study aimed to understand how environmental factors and genomics affect children and adolescents anxiety and depression across three cohorts: Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (US, age of 9-10; N=11,875), Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (INDIA, age of 6-17; N=4,326) and IMAGEN (EUROPE, age of 14; N=1888). We performed data harmonization and identified the environmental impact on anxiety/depression using a linear mixed-effect model, recursive feature elimination regression, and the LASSO regression model. Subsequently, genome-wide association analyses with consideration of significant environmental factors were performed for all three cohorts by mega-analysis and meta-analysis, followed by functional annotations. The results showed that multiple environmental factors contributed to the risk of anxiety and depression during development, where early life stress and school support index had the most significant and consistent impact across all three cohorts. In both meta, and mega-analysis, SNP rs79878474 in chr11p15 emerged as a particularly promising candidate associated with anxiety and depression, despite not reaching genomic significance. Gene set analysis on the common genes mapped from top promising SNPs of both meta and mega analyses found significant enrichment in regions of chr11p15 and chr3q26, in the function of potassium channels and insulin secretion, in particular Kv3, Kir-6.2, SUR potassium channels encoded by the KCNC1, KCNJ11, and ABCCC8 genes respectively, in chr11p15. Tissue enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment in the small intestine, and a trend of enrichment in the cerebellum. Our findings provide evidences of consistent environmental impact from early life stress and school support index on anxiety and depression during development and also highlight the genetic association between mutations in potassium channels, which support the stress-depression connection via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, along with the potential modulating role of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Thapaliya
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bhaskar Ray
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Britny Farahdel
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pranav Suresh
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ram Sapkota
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Fitzpatrick KM, Sjoblom E, Puinean G, Robson H, Campbell SM, Fayant B, Montesanti S. Examining global Indigenous community wellness worker models: a rapid review. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:90. [PMID: 38698390 PMCID: PMC11065687 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in employing community wellness worker models in Indigenous populations to address inequities in healthcare access and outcomes, concerns about shortage in health and mental health human resources, and escalating burden of chronic and complex diseases driving significant increase in health services demand and costs. A thorough review of Indigenous community wellness worker models has yet to be conducted. This rapid review sought to outline the characteristics of a community wellness worker model in Indigenous contexts across the globe, detailing factors shaping implementation challenges and success. METHODS A rapid review of the international peer-reviewed and grey literature of OVID Medline, Global Index Medicus, Google, and Google Scholar was conducted from January to June 2022 for Indigenous community wellness/mental health worker models and comparative models. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. From eligible articles, data pertaining to study design and sample; description of the program, service, or intervention; model development and implementation; terminology used to describe workers; training features; job roles; funding considerations; facilitators and barriers to success; key findings; outcomes measured; and models or frameworks utilized were extracted. Data were synthesized by descriptive and pattern coding. RESULTS Twenty academic and eight grey literature articles were examined. Our findings resulted in four overarching and interconnected themes: (1) worker roles and responsibilities; (2) worker training, education, and experience; (3) decolonized approaches; and (4) structural supports. CONCLUSION Community wellness worker models present a promising means to begin to address the disproportionately elevated demand for mental wellness support in Indigenous communities worldwide. This model of care acts as a critical link between Indigenous communities and mainstream health and social service providers and workers fulfill distinctive roles in delivering heightened mental wellness supports to community members by leveraging strong ties to community and knowledge of Indigenous culture. They employ innovative structural solutions to bolster their efficacy and cultivate positive outcomes for service delivery and mental wellness. Barriers to the success of community wellness worker models endure, including power imbalances, lack of role clarity, lack of recognition, mental wellness needs of workers and Indigenous communities, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Eddmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Erynne Sjoblom
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Eddmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Giulia Puinean
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Eddmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Heath Robson
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Eddmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Sandra M Campbell
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, Mackenzie Health Science Centre, University of Alberta, 8440 - 112 St, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Bryan Fayant
- McMurray Métis Local 1935, 441 Sakitawaw Trail, Fort McMurray, AB, AB T9H 4P3, Canada
| | - Stephanie Montesanti
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Eddmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Smith GC, Infurna FJ, Dolbin-MacNab M, Webster B, Castro S, Crowley DM, Musil C, Hu L, Hancock GR. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Online Social Intelligence Training With Custodial Grandmothers. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad079. [PMID: 37354201 PMCID: PMC11020292 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a self-administered, online Social Intelligence Training (SIT) program aimed at enhancing psychological and relational well-being among a nationwide U.S. sample of custodial grandmothers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A two-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted, where 349 grandmothers raising grandchildren aged 11-18 years were assigned to either SIT or an attention control condition (ACC). Participants self-completed online surveys at baseline and immediately postintervention, in addition to follow-ups at 3-, 6-, and 9-month postintervention. First-order latent difference score models were used to compare SIT to ACC, across all times of measurement, along key indicators of psychological and relational well-being on an intent-to-treat basis. RESULTS Although SIT was largely superior to ACC at yielding positive results, it appears that it attenuated longitudinal declines that occurred among ACC participants. SIT also exerted stronger effects on relational than psychological outcomes, with perceived relations with grandchildren being the most positively affected. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Given that the historical time of this RCT unpredictably corresponded with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we suspect that SIT helped offset declines in psychological and relational well-being that are widely documented to have resulted from the pandemic. Our overall positive findings support future use of the inexpensive and easily delivered SIT program under normal environmental conditions, with the vulnerable and geographically disperse population of custodial grandmothers. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03239977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Smith
- College of Education Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank J Infurna
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Megan Dolbin-MacNab
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Britney Webster
- College of Education Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Saul Castro
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel M Crowley
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol Musil
- College of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luxin Hu
- College Education Health and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory R Hancock
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Qi W, He X, Wang Z. Childhood unpredictability and sleep quality in adulthood: the mediating roles of life history strategy and perceived stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347365. [PMID: 38699575 PMCID: PMC11063338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early environmental risk have been found to be related to lifelong health. However, the impact of childhood unpredictability, a type of early environmental risk, on health, especially on sleep quality in adulthood, has not been adequately studied. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between childhood unpredictability and sleep quality in adulthood and to explore the possible mediating roles of life history strategy and perceived stress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 472 participants from a university in Zhejiang Province, China. The questionnaire inquired about demography, childhood unpredictability, life history strategy (Mini-K), perceived stress (14-item Perceived Stress Scale), and Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Global Sleep Quality Index). Results Higher childhood unpredictability was significantly associated with worse sleep quality in adulthood. Moreover, the link between higher childhood unpredictability and worse sleep quality in adulthood was explained by the chain mediation of life history strategy and perceived stress. Conclusion In line with the life history theory, individuals who have experienced higher unpredictability in childhood tend to develop a faster life history strategy and become more sensitive to stress in adulthood, and subsequently suffer a decrease in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang He
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhechen Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jimenez CA, Meyer ML. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex prioritizes social learning during rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309232121. [PMID: 38466844 PMCID: PMC10962978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309232121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sociality is a defining feature of the human experience: We rely on others to ensure survival and cooperate in complex social networks to thrive. Are there brain mechanisms that help ensure we quickly learn about our social world to optimally navigate it? We tested whether portions of the brain's default network engage "by default" to quickly prioritize social learning during the memory consolidation process. To test this possibility, participants underwent functional MRI (fMRI) while viewing scenes from the documentary film, Samsara. This film shows footage of real people and places from around the world. We normed the footage to select scenes that differed along the dimension of sociality, while matched on valence, arousal, interestingness, and familiarity. During fMRI, participants watched the "social" and "nonsocial" scenes, completed a rest scan, and a surprise recognition memory test. Participants showed superior social (vs. nonsocial) memory performance, and the social memory advantage was associated with neural pattern reinstatement during rest in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), a key node of the default network. Moreover, it was during early rest that DMPFC social pattern reinstatement was greatest and predicted subsequent social memory performance most strongly, consistent with the "prioritization" account. Results simultaneously update 1) theories of memory consolidation, which have not addressed how social information may be prioritized in the learning process, and 2) understanding of default network function, which remains to be fully characterized. More broadly, the results underscore the inherent human drive to understand our vastly social world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan L. Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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MacDermid Wadsworth SM, Topp D, Lester P, Stander V, Christ SL, Whiteman S, Knobloch L. Long-term consequences of mothers' and fathers' wartime deployments: Protocol for a two-wave panel study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295007. [PMID: 38498486 PMCID: PMC10947692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple adjustment difficulties have been associated with children's exposure to recent parental wartime military deployments, but long-term consequences have not yet been systematically studied. This investigation will assess direct and indirect relationships between exposures to parental deployments early in life and later youth adjustment. Parents' psychological health and family processes will be examined as mediators, and parents' and children's vulnerability and support will be examined as moderators. Archival data will be combined with new data gathered from two children and up to two parents in families where children will be aged 11 to 16 at the first data collection and will have experienced at least one parental deployment, for at least one child prior to age 6. Data are being gathered via telephone interviews and web-based surveys conducted twice one year apart. Outcomes are indicators of children's social-emotional development, behavior, and academic performance. Notable features of this study include oversampling of female service members, inclusion of siblings, and inclusion of families of both veterans and currently serving members. This study has potentially important implications for schools, community organizations and health care providers serving current and future cohorts of military and veteran families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley M. MacDermid Wadsworth
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Dave Topp
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Patricia Lester
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Stander
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Christ
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shawn Whiteman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Leanne Knobloch
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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12
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Johnson SL, Rieder AD, Rasmussen JM, Mansoor M, Quick KN, Proeschold-Bell RJ, Boone WJ, Puffer ES. A Pilot Study of the Coping Together Virtual Family Intervention: Exploring Changes in Family Functioning and Individual Well-Being. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01183-z. [PMID: 38498230 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this pilot study, we tested a virtual family strengthening and mental health promotion intervention, Coping Together (CT), during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored changes at the family and individual levels, as well as mechanisms of change. Participants included 18 families (24 caregivers, 24 youth) with children aged 7 to 18 years. Community health workers delivered the 8-session CT intervention using videoconferencing software. We used qualitative semi-structured interviews with 14 of the families to explore changes and mechanisms of change using a thematic content analysis approach. We also administered pre-post surveys with the 18 families to explore the direction of changes, using only descriptive statistics in this small sample. Qualitative findings supported positive changes across family and individual level outcomes including family functioning, relationship quality, and individual psychosocial well-being. Results also confirmed several hypothesized mechanisms of change with improved communication providing the foundation for increased hope and improved problem solving and coping. Pre-post survey results were mixed, showing positive, but very small, changes in family closeness, caregiver-child communication, and levels of hope; almost no change was observed on measures of caregiver and child mental health. Families reported few problems at baseline quantitatively despite qualitative descriptions of pre-intervention difficulties. Results provide preliminary support for benefits of CT with the most consistent improvements seen across family relationships. Findings were mixed related to individual-level mental health benefits. Results have implications for revising content on mental health coping strategies and suggest the need to revise the quantitative measurement strategy for this non-clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah L Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Amber D Rieder
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Justin M Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mahgul Mansoor
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Quick
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | | | - Eve S Puffer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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13
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Du W, Fan Z, Li D, Wu M. Internet Use Behavior and Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Effects of Self-Education Expectations and Parental Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1163-1176. [PMID: 38505354 PMCID: PMC10949380 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s449353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study focuses on how Internet use behavior affects adolescents' mental health and whether self-education expectations and parental support mediate the relationship between Internet use behavior and adolescents' mental health. Methods The data for this paper came from the results of the student questionnaire of the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2018), which was a structured questionnaire that asked students about their family situation, school life, studies, internet use, and mental health, among other things. A sample of 336,600 children in grades 7-13 was selected for this study. The data were analyzed using STATA version 16 and the theoretical framework was tested using a mediated effects model. Results The results of the study showed that Internet use behavior made a positive contribution to mental health and the mediating effects of self-education expectations and parental support on the relationship between Internet use behavior and adolescent mental health were all significant. Conclusion It is recommended that appropriate policies should be formulated to help adolescents use the Internet rationally, and the positive effects of parental support and self-education expectations should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Du
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fan
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diankun Li
- School of Economics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshuang Wu
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Li Z, Sturge-Apple ML, Swerbenski HG, Liu S, Davies PT. Family risk, parental cortisol contagion, and parenting: A process-oriented approach to spillover. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38440805 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942400052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This multi-method longitudinal study sought to investigate linkage in parental neuroendocrine functioning - indicated by cortisol - over two measurement occasions. In addition, we examined how parental cortisol linkage may operate as an intermediate factor in the cascade of contextual risks and parenting. Participants were 235 families with a young child (Mage = 33.56, 36.00 years for mothers and fathers respectively), who were followed for two annual measurement occasions. Parental cortisol linkage was measured around a laboratory conflict discussion task at both measurement occasions (i.e., pre-discussion, 20- and 40-minute post-discussion for each measurement occasion). Maternal and paternal parenting behavior was observed during a parent-child discipline discussion task. Findings indicated similar levels of cortisol linkage between parents over the two measurement occasions. Furthermore, cortisol linkage between parents operated as an intermediate factor between contextual risks and more compromised parenting behavior. That is, greater contextual risks, indicated by greater neighborhood risk and interparental conflict, were linked to greater cortisol linkage between parents over time, which was in turn linked to greater authoritarian parenting during parent-child interaction. Findings highlighted the importance of understanding physiological-linkage processes with respect to the impact of contextual risks on family functioning and may have crucial implications for clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- University of Rochester & Mt. Hope Family Center, Rochester, USA
| | | | | | - Siwei Liu
- University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Patrick T Davies
- University of Rochester & Mt. Hope Family Center, Rochester, USA
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15
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Shen ACT, Wu BCY. From adverse childhood experiences to harsh parenting: Psychological symptoms as a mediator. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106672. [PMID: 38325163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research evidence has demonstrated a direct link between ACEs and harsh parenting. However, the mechanisms linking paternal ACEs to harsh parenting have remained largely unexplored among Asian populations. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we examined the relationships between parental ACEs and harsh parenting and explored the potential mediating effect of psychological symptoms on the relationship between parental ACEs and harsh parenting. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 6195 Taiwanese parents of children aged 6 to 12 were recruited from 58 primary schools in the Taiwanese cities of Taipei and New Taipei. METHOD Using probability-proportional-to-size sampling and a self-report survey, we collected data relating to parental ACEs, psychological symptoms, and child-rearing behaviors. A hierarchical regression analysis was completed to examine the effects of parental ACEs and psychological symptoms on harsh parenting. In addition, we tested the potential mediating effects of psychological symptoms on the relationship between parental ACEs and harsh parenting by employing a simple mediation model (PROCESS) with a bootstrapping procedure. RESULTS We found that both parental ACEs and psychological symptoms were significant predictors for mothers' and fathers' adoption of harsh parenting behaviors. Moreover, after adjusting for covariates, we discovered the unique finding that psychological symptoms mediated the relationship between parental ACEs and harsh parenting among Taiwanese parents. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed a direct link between parental ACEs and harsh parenting, with psychological symptoms serving as a mediator. Our findings suggest that trauma-recovery programs should promote regular screening and interventions for parents with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Chiung-Tao Shen
- National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taiwan; Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Bethany C Y Wu
- National Taiwan University Children and Family Research Center sponsored by CTBC Charity Foundation, Taiwan.
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16
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Lee CT, Pramukti I, Ubeda Herrera JJ, Tsai MC. Investigating psychological distress and peer influence in the longitudinal path linking food insecurity to adolescent substance use: a nationwide low-income cohort study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:556-573. [PMID: 37772742 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2263681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI), defined as the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, remains a major life concern among many poor subpopulations. Few investigations have been made into the mechanism underlying its impact on adolescent substance use. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between FI and cigarette and alcohol use among economically disadvantaged adolescents and then explore the role of psychological distress and peer substance use in the aforementioned association. Data of 1,243 adolescents (Mage = 13.3 years; 645 males) were obtained from a nationwide cohort study on Taiwanese adolescents from low-income families. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses based on generalized linear mixed-effects models with binomial distribution found that FI was consistently associated with cigarette smoking (β = 0.458, p < 0.001) but not alcohol drinking (β = 0.142, p = 0.143) when both psychological distress and peer substance use were adjusted. In the moderated mediation analysis based on bootstrap methods, we observed that psychological distress mediated the association between food insecurity and alcohol drinking (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.015-0.063) but not cigarette smoking (β = 0.018, 95% CI =-0.001-0.037). Furthermore, the indirect effects varied by peer drinking status (index of moderated mediation = 0.04, 95% CI 0.015-0.072). Clinical and public health attention should be given to evaluating food-insecure adolescents' psychological well-being and peer influence when counseling their substance use issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Josue Jaru Ubeda Herrera
- Institute of International Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Bethmann D, Cho JI. How are they doing? The academic performance and mental wellbeing of world cup babies. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101579. [PMID: 38156293 PMCID: PMC10753079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In June 2002, South Korea cohosted the 17th FIFA World Cup. Unexpected wins carried the Korean National Football Team to the semi-finals and sparked an unprecedented euphoria among Koreans. Die-hard fans and occasional football viewers, young and old, women and men flocked the streets side by side, cheered for their team, and partied through the nights. In the subsequent spring of 2003, the country experienced a temporary and significant increase in its fertility rate. Using a difference-in-differences design, we exploit the quasi-experimental nature of this episode to investigate the Beckerian trade-off between the quantity and quality of children born to parents in South Korea. Our results support the notion of an adverse effect on child quality. Students born approximately ten months after the World Cup tend to perform significantly worse in school. Moreover, our results uncover a hitherto overlooked aspect: the same students exhibit significantly higher degrees of mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bethmann
- Department of Economics, Korea University, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Cho
- Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University, 005 Calhoun Hall, Nashville, TN, 37240, United States
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18
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Kamis C, Lynch S, Copeland WE. Associations Between Configurations of Childhood Adversity and Adult Mental Health Disorder Outcomes. SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 14:23-38. [PMID: 38500789 PMCID: PMC10947149 DOI: 10.1177/21568693231197746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The life course perspective and cumulative inequality theory suggest that childhood adversity, occurring during a sensitive period of the life course, can have long-term consequences for adult mental health and well-being. Yet, the long-term influence of adversity on adult outcomes may depend on both the features of adverse childhood experiences (e.g., the number, type, and co-occurrence of adversities) as well as the outcome assessed. Using latent class analysis applied to several waves of prospective data from the Great Smoky Mountain Study (GSMS; N=1,420) we identify subpopulations that are similar in their adversity experiences before age 18. We then predict adult internalizing and substance use disorder diagnoses by adversity experience. Results reveal five distinct classes of adversity, with unique risks for specific diagnoses in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kamis
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine
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19
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Lin WH, Chiao C. Adverse childhood experience and young adult's problematic Internet use: The role of hostility and loneliness. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106624. [PMID: 38227984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problematic Internet use (PIU) during young adulthood. Moreover, even fewer studies have explored the roles of loneliness (social and emotional) and hostility in this relationship. METHODS This study used data from the Taiwan Youth Project (2011-2017). The analytical sample included 1885 participants (mean age = 31.3 years). PIU was measured using the short form of Chen's Internet Addiction Scale (2017). ACEs were assessed at the baseline of the adolescent phase (mean age = 14.3 years); this indicator has undergone recent revision. Hostility (three items from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) and loneliness (six items from the De Jong Gierveld scale) were measured in 2011 and 2014, respectively. RESULTS ACEs were associated with hostility and loneliness (emotional and social). Additionally, hostility (β = 0.62, p < .01) and emotional loneliness (β = 0.44, p < .01) were significantly associated with PIU. Most mediating paths (e.g., ACE → hostility → PIU) were significant, based on the bootstrapping results. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ACEs have a long-term shadow effect on PIU in young adults. ACEs show an indirect association with PIU through both hostility and loneliness, as well as involving the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Lin SC, Kehoe C, Pozzi E, Liontos D, Whittle S. Research Review: Child emotion regulation mediates the association between family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents - a meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:260-274. [PMID: 37803878 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental influence on children's internalizing symptoms has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is child emotion regulation given evidence (a) of its associations with internalizing symptoms and (b) that the development of emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence is influenced by aspects of the family environment. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the mediating role of child emotion regulation in the relationship between various family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science for English articles up until November 2022. We included studies that examined child emotion regulation as a mediator between a family factor and child/adolescent internalizing symptoms. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled indirect effects and total effects for nine family factors. Heterogeneity and mediation ratio were also calculated. RESULTS Of 49 studies with 24,524 participants in this meta-analysis, family factors for which emotion regulation mediated the association with child/adolescent internalizing symptoms included: unsupportive emotion socialization, psychological control, secure attachment, aversiveness, family conflict, parent emotion regulation and parent psychopathology, but not supportive emotion socialization and behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS Various family factors impact children's emotion regulation development, and in turn, contribute to the risk of internalizing symptoms in young people. Findings from this study highlight the need for interventions targeting modifiable parenting behaviors to promote healthy emotion regulation and better mental health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Chu Lin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Christiane Kehoe
- Mindful, Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Liontos
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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21
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Filakovska Bobakova D, Chovan S, Van Laer S. Perceived Stress of Mothers, Harsh Discipline, and Early Childhood Mental Health: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Marginalized Roma Communities. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606721. [PMID: 38464908 PMCID: PMC10920110 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to compare the early childhood mental health of children from marginalized Roma communities (MRCs) in Slovakia with that of the majority and explore possible mediating pathways of mothers' perceived stress and harsh discipline practices. Methods: We used data from the first wave of the longitudinal RomaREACH study collected in 2021-2022. Two populations were included in the sample: 94 mother-child dyads from MRCs and 79 from the majority population (children aged 14-18 months). Data were analysed using linear regression, and mediation was tested using PROCESS Macro in SPSS. Results: Belonging to MRCs vs. the majority, perceived stress of mothers and harsh discipline were found to be associated with early mental health problems in children. Perceived stress of mothers partially mediates the relationship between belonging to MRCs vs. majority and harsh discipline and harsh discipline partially mediates the relationship between perceived stress of mothers and the mental health of children. Conclusion: Mothers from MRCs perceive more stress, which is associated with more frequent use of harsh discipline practices having a negative impact on the mental health of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Shoshana Chovan
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Van Laer
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
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22
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Gautam N, Rahman MM, Hashmi R, Lim A, Khanam R. Socioeconomic inequalities in child and adolescent mental health in Australia: the role of parenting style and parents' relationships. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:28. [PMID: 38383394 PMCID: PMC10882797 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in health and their determinants have been studied extensively over the past few decades. However, the role of parenting style and parents' couple relationships in explaining mental health inequalities is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the distributional impact of parenting style (angry parenting, consistent parenting, and inductive parenting) and parents' couple relationships (e.g., argumentative, happy relationships) on socioeconomic inequalities and by extension on mental health status of Australian children and adolescents. METHODS This study utilized data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (Waves 1-7), specifically focusing on intact biological parent families, while excluding single-parent and blended-family households. We applied the decomposition index and the Blinder Oaxaca method to investigate the extent of the contribution and temporal impact of parenting style and parents' couple relationships on the mental health status of Australian children and adolescents. RESULTS This study revealed that poor parenting style is the single most important factor that leads to developing mental health difficulties in children and adolescents, especially from low socioeconomic status, and it contributes almost 52% to socioeconomic inequalities in mental health status. Conversely, household income, maternal education, employment status, and parents' couple relationships contributed 28.04%, 10.67%, 9.28%, and 3.34%, respectively, to mental health inequalities in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Overall, this study underscores the importance of parenting style and parents' couple relationships as significant predictors of mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to support families from low socioeconomic backgrounds to address the significant mental health inequalities observed in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
- The Centre for Health Research, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- The Centre for Health Research, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Rubayyat Hashmi
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- NGRN, The ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Apiradee Lim
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- The Centre for Health Research, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
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23
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Sloss IM, Smith J, Sebben S, Wade M, Prime H, Browne DT. Family functioning in the context of current and historical stressors: Exploring the buffering role of social support. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106711. [PMID: 38388324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can be passed onto future generations through complex biopsychosocial mechanisms. However, social support in caregivers who have experienced adversity may lead to adaptation. Most research on the intergenerational consequences of ACEs has focused on mental health in subsequent generations, while overlooking family functioning as an outcome. OBJECTIVE This pre-registered study addresses this gap by examining a hypothesized association between caregiver ACEs and caregiver-perceived family functioning, and the moderating role of social support. It was expected that high levels of social support would attenuate the association between caregiver ACEs and family functioning, controlling for contemporaneous stressors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data come from a multinational non-clinical sample (n = 310). METHODS Caregivers completed self-report measures to assess caregiver ACEs, social support, COVID stressors, and family dysfunction. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that the ACEs-by-social support interaction was not significant. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction between COVID stressors, ACEs, and social support (b = 0.001, SE < 0.001, p = .008). For lower adversity, social support protected against the association between COVID stressors and family dysfunction; however, for higher adversity, social support was only protective when COVID stressors were low. CONCLUSIONS Social support is protective against concurrent stressors during the pandemic in relation to family functioning, though this buffering depends on historical levels of adversity. Findings are interpreted through a trauma-informed lens and provide support for family-focused interventions and policies to mitigate the impact of stress on caregivers with high ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen M Sloss
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jackson Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sofia Sebben
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Mark Wade
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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24
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Ramkumar R, Edge-Partington M, Terstege DJ, Adigun K, Ren Y, Khan NS, Rouhi N, Jamani NF, Tsutsui M, Epp JR, Sargin D. Long-Term Impact of Early Life Stress on Serotonin Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)00073-8. [PMID: 38316332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic childhood stress is a prominent risk factor for developing affective disorders, yet mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Maintenance of optimal serotonin (5-HT) levels during early postnatal development is critical for the maturation of brain circuits. Understanding the long-lasting effects of early life stress (ELS) on serotonin-modulated brain connectivity is crucial to develop treatments for affective disorders arising from childhood stress. METHODS Using a mouse model of chronic developmental stress, we determined the long-lasting consequences of ELS on 5-HT circuits and behavior in females and males. Using FosTRAP mice, we cross-correlated regional c-Fos density to determine brain-wide functional connectivity of the raphe nucleus. We next performed in vivo fiber photometry to establish ELS-induced deficits in 5-HT dynamics and optogenetics to stimulate 5-HT release to improve behavior. RESULTS Adult female and male mice exposed to ELS showed heightened anxiety-like behavior. ELS further enhanced susceptibility to acute stress by disrupting the brain-wide functional connectivity of the raphe nucleus and the activity of 5-HT neuron population, in conjunction with increased orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity and disrupted 5-HT release in medial OFC. Optogenetic stimulation of 5-HT terminals in the medial OFC elicited an anxiolytic effect in ELS mice in a sex-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a significant disruption in 5-HT-modulated brain connectivity in response to ELS, with implications for sex-dependent vulnerability. The anxiolytic effect of the raphe-medial OFC circuit stimulation has potential implications for developing targeted stimulation-based treatments for affective disorders that arise from early life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Ramkumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moriah Edge-Partington
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dylan J Terstege
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kabirat Adigun
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi Ren
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nazmus S Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nahid Rouhi
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naila F Jamani
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mio Tsutsui
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Epp
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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25
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Devlin EA, Newcomb ME, Whitton S. Demographic and Minority Stress Risk Factors for Obesity Among Sexual Minority Youth Assigned Female at Birth. LGBT Health 2024; 11:103-110. [PMID: 37819720 PMCID: PMC10924190 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sexual minority youth (adolescents and young adults) assigned female at birth (SM-AFAB) are at disproportionate risk of developing obesity compared with heterosexual cisgender youth AFAB. Grounded in minority stress theory, this study aimed to identify potential risk factors for obesity among SM-AFAB youth to inform the development of prevention and intervention efforts for this high-risk population. Methods: Data were collected in 2017 from 367 SM-AFAB youth (ages 16-20 years). Multinominal logistic regression was used to assess cross-sectional associations of race/ethnicity, sexuality, gender identity, household income, and sexual minority (SM) stressors (internalized stigma, microaggressions, and victimization) with weight status (normal, overweight, and obese). Results: Roughly half (53.1%) of participants' body mass index were in the normal weight range, with 24.8% in the overweight range and 22.1% in the obese range. Rates of obesity in Black and Latinx participants were 3-4.5 times those of White participants. Bisexual, pansexual, and queer individuals were at greater risk for obesity than gay/lesbian participants; only bisexual participants were at higher risk for overweight. Participants with a household income <$20,000 and between $20,000 and $39,000 were at greater risk for obesity than participants with household income >$80,000. Microaggressions were positively associated with obesity. Conclusion: Findings highlight risk for obesity among SM-AFAB youth, particularly for those who identify as racial minority, as low income, as being attracted to more than one gender, and for those who experience high levels of anti-SM microaggressions. Targeted obesity prevention and treatment programs should consider the unique needs, challenges, and strengths of SM-AFAB youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Devlin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Whitton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Orlando I, Filippini N. Aging modulates frontal lobes involvement in emotion regulation processing. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25282. [PMID: 38284857 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is the process by which individuals can modulate the intensity of their emotional experience and it plays a crucial role in daily life. So far, behavioral analyses seem to suggest that ER ability remains stable throughout the lifespan. However, imaging studies evaluating the neural correlates of ER performance during the aging process have shown mixed results. In this study, we used the "Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort sample" to investigate: (1) ER behavioral performance and (2) the differential association between brain measures (based on both structural and functional connectivity data) and ER performance, in a group of younger/middle-aged participants (N = 159; age range: 18y < x < 58y) relative to a group of older healthy subjects (N = 136; age range: 58y < =x < 89y). Whereas we found no group-related differences either in ER behavioral data or the association between ER performance and structural data, we did observe that ER performance was differentially correlated in our two study groups to functional connectivity measures in the fronto-insular-temporal network, which has been shown to be involved in emotional processing. Group-related differences were specifically localized in a cluster of voxels within the anterior cingulate areas which revealed a reverse pattern between our study groups: in younger/middle-aged participants better ER performance was associated with increase connectivity, whereas among older participants better ER performance was related to reduced connectivity. Based on our results, we suggest that a de-differentiation mechanism, known to affect the frontal lobes brain activity and connectivity in older subjects, might explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Orlando
- Dept. of Psychology, Salesian Pontifical University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Neurodegeneration, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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27
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Homan KJ, Kong J. Sibling support exchange in late adulthood moderates the long-term impact of childhood neglect on psychological outcomes. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:45-53. [PMID: 37158756 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2208082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sibling relationships are often the longest-lasting and serve as a source of support and comfort for many older adults. The current study examined the moderating effect of sibling support exchange in the association between childhood maltreatment and mental health outcomes.Method: Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we analyzed a sample of older adults whose selected sibling was alive across the three data collections (baseline N = 4,041). Longitudinal multilevel regression models were estimated.Results: Key results showed that a history of neglect was associated with decreased psychological well-being, and all three forms of childhood maltreatment were related to increased depressive symptoms. We also found that sibling support exchange mitigated the negative mental health effects of childhood neglect.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that siblings may be uniquely positioned to support older adults who grew up in a neglectful family environment. Older adults may be encouraged to promote resilience by strengthening their sibling relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Homan
- Department of Psychology, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kong
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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28
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O'Rourke T, Humer E, Plener PL, Pieh C, Probst T. Moderation effects of health behaviors on stress and suicidal ideation in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey during COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21376. [PMID: 38049631 PMCID: PMC10696036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional online survey study investigated whether certain health behaviors moderated the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation in Austrian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1505 14-20-year-old (median age = 16) high school students (77.9% female) filled out an online survey from September to November 2021. Perceived stress was measured with the PSS10, suicidal ideation with item 9 of the PHQ-9. The following health behaviors were assessed: Physical activity (days/week), phone use (hours/day), problematic drinking behavior (CAGE). All three health behaviors significantly moderated the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal ideation (all p < .05), but effects were small. The moderation analyses revealed that higher physical activity and less time spent on the phone were associated with less suicidal ideation at higher stress levels. Showing signs of problematic drinking behavior was associated with higher suicidal ideation at higher stress levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that some health behaviors may be able to act as a buffer between perceived stress and suicidal ideation. However, more research is needed to confirm these potentially buffering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa O'Rourke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Elke Humer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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29
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Donnelly R, Lin Z, Umberson D. Parental Death Across the Life Course, Social Isolation, and Health in Later Life: Racial/Ethnic Disadvantage in the U.S. SOCIAL FORCES; A SCIENTIFIC MEDIUM OF SOCIAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 2023; 102:586-608. [PMID: 37840946 PMCID: PMC10569383 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bereavement is a risk factor for poor health, yet prior research has not considered how exposure to parental death across the life course may contribute to lasting social isolation and, in turn, poor health among older adults. Moreover, prior research often fails to consider the racial context of bereavement in the United States wherein Black and Hispanic Americans are much more likely than White Americans to experience parental death earlier in life. The present study uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998-2016) to consider linkages of parental death, social isolation, and health (self-rated health, functional limitations) for Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Findings suggest that exposure to parental death is associated with higher levels of isolation, greater odds of fair/poor self-rated health, and greater odds of functional limitations in later life. Moreover, social isolation partially explains associations between parental bereavement and later-life health. These patterns persist net of psychological distress-an additional psychosocial response to bereavement. Racial inequities in bereavement are central to disadvantage: Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to experience a parent's death earlier in the life course, and this differential exposure to parental death in childhood or young adulthood has implications for racial and ethnic inequities in social isolation and health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Donnelly
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Sociology, 2101 W End Ave, Nashville, TN 37249, USA
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Sociology, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Debra Umberson
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA
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Morelli V, Heizelman RJ. Monitoring Social Determinants of Health Assessing Patients and Communities. Prim Care 2023; 50:527-547. [PMID: 37866829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Because of the devastating health effects of social determinants of health (SDoH), it is important for the primary care provider to assess and monitor these types of stressors. This can be done via surveys, geomapping, or various biomarkers. To date, however, each of these methods is fraught with obstacles. There are currently are no validated "best" SDoH screening tools for use in clinical practice. Nor is geomapping, a perfect solution. Although mapping can collect location specific factors, it does not account for the fact that patients may live in one area, work in another and travel frequently to a third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Morelli
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 3rd Floor, Old Hospital Building, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd, Jr., Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA.
| | - Robert Joseph Heizelman
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Informatics, University of Michigan, 3rd Floor, Old Hospital Building, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd, Jr., Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA
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31
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Nkwata AK, Smith J. Early learning difficulties, childhood stress, race, and risk of cognitive impairment among US adults over age 50: A cross-sectional analysis. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1756. [PMID: 38093828 PMCID: PMC10716572 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Most literature linking childhood factors to cognitive health outcomes has focused on educational attainment-defined as years of education attained. However, less has been studied about the other aspects of education, such as early learning problems, and stressful family environments. This study examined whether early learning problems and childhood stressors were associated with mid- and later life cognitive impairment among US adults, and if these associations varied by race. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) along with respondents' early educational experiences from the 2015 to 2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 9703). Early learning problems were defined as having any of the following: scholastic problems (reading, writing, mathematics), speaking/language issues, and sensorimotor issues- hearing, vision, speech, and motor-coordination. Cognitive status was classified as three levels (normal, cognitively impaired not demented [CIND], and demented) using the HRS Langa-Weir algorithm. Multinomial logistic regression models using generalized logits, estimated relative risk ratios (RRRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Results Having at least one early learning problem was associated with increased risk of later life cognitive impairment (RRR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.29 for dementia, RRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.67 for CIND). Parental death before the age of 16 was associated with 17% higher risk of CIND in later life (RRR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.34). However, learning problem-related differences in risk of cognitive impairment were dependent on race (learning problems × race, p = 0.0001). In the demented group, Blacks were 2.7 times more likely to be demented (RRR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.69-4.17) amongst older adults that experienced childhood learning problems. Conclusions Early life exposures predicted risk of cognitive impairment. Policies and interventions that enhance diagnosis of early learning problems and improve childhood social contexts are needed to promote healthy cognitive aging amongst Americans, regardless of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan K. Nkwata
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jacqui Smith
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Glucklich T, Attrash-Najjar A, Massarweh N, Katz C. What do adults who experienced child sexual abuse want to convey about therapy? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106435. [PMID: 37722294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child sexual abuse (CSA) studies have significantly advanced the understanding of its prevalence and adverse consequences. Tremendous efforts worldwide have been devoted to CSA interventions. However, surprisingly, there is a lack of research dedicated to learning about experiences with therapy among adults who experienced CSA. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to address this gap by exploring the perspectives and experiences with therapy among adults who experienced CSA. METHODS Thirty-nine written testimonies comprised the current sample. All of the testimonies were provided to the Israeli Independent Public Inquiry into CSA by adults who experienced CSA and received therapy at one point in their lives. A qualitative inductive thematic analysis guided the exploration of the testimonies. RESULTS The testimonies provided an important glance into significant characteristics of therapy, such as the timing and reasons leading to therapy, and perceptions regarding what constitutes appropriate therapy. Although beneficial and rehabilitating therapy experiences were mentioned by some of the participants, the majority of the testimonies focused on experiences related to the obstacles and challenges to accessing and engaging in therapy faced by those who experienced CSA. CONCLUSIONS The testimonies not only addressed essential aspects of therapy, but also highlighted the importance of thoroughly comprehending the broad context of a person's life that leads them to seek therapy. The discussion points to grave social and policy lacunas that prevent people who experienced CSA from receiving therapy that is accessible, timely, subsidized, stigma-free and multifaceted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Glucklich
- The Haruv Institute, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel
| | - Afnan Attrash-Najjar
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nadia Massarweh
- The Al-Qasemi Educational College of Education, Baqa-El-Gharbia 3010000, P.O. Box 124, Israel
| | - Carmit Katz
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Lay-Yee R, Hariri AR, Knodt AR, Barrett-Young A, Matthews T, Milne BJ. Social isolation from childhood to mid-adulthood: is there an association with older brain age? Psychol Med 2023; 53:7874-7882. [PMID: 37485695 PMCID: PMC10755222 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older brain age - as estimated from structural MRI data - is known to be associated with detrimental mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Social isolation, which has similar detrimental effects on health, may be associated with accelerated brain aging though little is known about how different trajectories of social isolation across the life course moderate this association. We examined the associations between social isolation trajectories from age 5 to age 38 and brain age assessed at age 45. METHODS We previously created a typology of social isolation based on onset during the life course and persistence into adulthood, using group-based trajectory analysis of longitudinal data from a New Zealand birth cohort. The typology comprises four groups: 'never-isolated', 'adult-only', 'child-only', and persistent 'child-adult' isolation. A brain age gap estimate (brainAGE) - the difference between predicted age from structural MRI date and chronological age - was derived at age 45. We undertook analyses of brainAGE with trajectory group as the predictor, adjusting for sex, family socio-economic status, and a range of familial and child-behavioral factors. RESULTS Older brain age in mid-adulthood was associated with trajectories of social isolation after adjustment for family and child confounders, particularly for the 'adult-only' group compared to the 'never-isolated' group. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings are associational, they indicate that preventing social isolation, particularly in mid-adulthood, may help to avert accelerated brain aging associated with negative health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lay-Yee
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, and School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Timothy Matthews
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barry J. Milne
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, and School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Barclay ME, Rinne GR, Somers JA, Lee SS, Coussons-Read M, Dunkel Schetter C. Maternal Early Life Adversity and Infant Stress Regulation: Intergenerational Associations and Mediation by Maternal Prenatal Mental Health. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1839-1855. [PMID: 36508054 PMCID: PMC10258218 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity is a potent risk factor for poor mental health outcomes across the lifespan, including offspring vulnerability to psychopathology. Developmentally, the prenatal period is a sensitive window in which maternal early life experiences may influence offspring outcomes and demarcates a time when expectant mothers and offspring are more susceptible to stressful and salutary influences. This prenatal plasticity constituted the focus of the current study where we tested the association of maternal early life adversity with infant stress regulation through maternal prenatal internalizing symptoms and moderation by prenatal social support. Mother-infant dyads (n = 162) were followed prospectively and mothers completed assessments of social support and depressive and anxiety symptoms across pregnancy. Infants completed standardized stress paradigms at one month and six months. There were several key findings. First, maternal prenatal depressive symptoms significantly mediated predictions of infant cortisol reactivity to the heel stick at one month from maternal early life adversity: specifically, maternal early life adversity positively predicted depressive symptoms in pregnancy, which in turn predicted dampened infant cortisol reactivity. Second, prenatal social support did not significantly moderate predictions of depressive or anxiety symptoms in pregnancy from maternal early life adversity nor did it alter the associations of maternal depressive or anxiety symptoms with infant stress regulation. These results suggest that maternal prenatal mental health is a key mechanism by which maternal early life adverse experiences affect offspring risk for psychopathology. We discuss potential clinical and health implications of dysregulated infant cortisol reactivity with respect to lifespan development.
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35
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Hogendoorn E, van der Ziel S, van Vliet MJ, Rosmalen JGM. Intertwined development of ADHD symptoms and physical conditions. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:817-819. [PMID: 37973250 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elske Hogendoorn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Sterre van der Ziel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Michel J van Vliet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Judith G M Rosmalen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands.
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Dickman KD, Votruba-Drzal E, Matthews KA, Kamarck TW. Early Life SES, Childhood Trauma Exposures, and Cardiovascular Responses to Daily Life Stressors in Middle-aged Adults. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:801-813. [PMID: 36417173 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation in physiological responses to stress may provide a mechanism through which low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood negatively impacts health. Evidence linking early life SES to physiological stress responses is inconsistent. Exposure to childhood trauma may be an important source of heterogeneity accounting for mixed findings. Guided by the adaptive calibration model, we examined whether childhood SES and childhood trauma jointly predict ambulatory measures of cardiovascular responses to daily life stressors. METHOD A sample of 377 healthy, middle-aged adults (62% female, 80% White, 64% college-educated, Mage = 52.59 ± 7.16) completed a 4-day ecological momentary assessment protocol that measured task strain, social conflict, and ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) at hourly intervals throughout the day. Average ambulatory blood pressure responses to stress were calculated by regressing momentary SBP and DBP on momentary measures of stress within the multilevel models. Early life SES and childhood trauma were measured retrospectively by self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Multilevel models controlling for momentary influences on blood pressure and age, sex, and race showed no main effects of early life SES or childhood trauma on ambulatory measures of cardiovascular responses to daily life stress. An interaction emerged for DBP responses to social conflict, where individuals raised in middle SES families who experienced trauma showed a blunted response relative to those who did not ([Formula: see text]-0.93, 95% CI: [-1.62, -0.24], p = .008). There was no significant SES-trauma interaction in predicting SBP responses to social conflict or blood pressure responses to task strain. CONCLUSION Results do not provide support for our predictions that were derived from the adaptive calibration model, but do suggest that the impacts of early childhood experiences on cardiovascular responses may vary by type of daily stress experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D Dickman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kamarck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ferrajão P, Batista CI, Elklit A. Polytraumatization, defense mechanisms, PTSD and complex PTSD in Indian adolescents: a mediation model. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:411. [PMID: 38001536 PMCID: PMC10675876 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is recognized as a particularly susceptible developmental period for experiencing multiple types of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), increasing the vulnerability to higher levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD symptoms. Some studies found that defense mechanisms play an important role on the association between ACE and psychological symptoms. METHODS We analyzed the associations between direct and indirect exposure to ACE and PTSD and Complex PTSD (affective dysregulation, negative self-concept and disturbances in relationships) through the mediation role of mature defense mechanisms: mature, neurotic, and immature defense mechanisms in Indian adolescents. A sample of 411 Indian adolescents (M = 14.2 years old; S.D. = 0.5) completed validated self-report questionnaires. Serial multiple mediation models were tested by conducting a structural equation modelling employing Preacher and Hayes' procedures (2008). RESULTS Immature and neurotic defense mechanisms mediated the association between direct exposure to ACE with PTSD symptoms. Immature defense mechanisms were mediators of the relationship between direct exposure to ACE and Complex PTSD symptoms clusters. CONCLUSIONS Maladaptive defense mechanisms can disturb the process of self-regulation and emotion regulation capabilities in coping with traumatic experiences, leading to higher PTSD and Complex PTSD symptoms severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ferrajão
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Tecnologia, Universidade Europeia, Quinta do Bom Nome, Estrada da Correia 53, Lisbon, 1500-210, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Isabel Batista
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Tecnologia, Universidade Europeia, Quinta do Bom Nome, Estrada da Correia 53, Lisbon, 1500-210, Portugal
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Center for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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38
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Ahmed MM, John J. Perceptions of mental health services among the children who are in conflict with the law in Jammu and Kashmir. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e81. [PMID: 38161739 PMCID: PMC10755411 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the Jammu and Kashmir conflict, many teenagers are involved in disputes with the law. The conflict made generations suffer for decades. Such children made the mobs; being involved in life-threatening situations and the risk they confront develop psychiatric disorders. As a result of the various tense conditions when applied in multiple anti-social activities, aberrant children sent to correctional homes have to encounter numerous psychological disorders. Aim: The motive of the study is to explore the level of awareness, availability of services, stigma and obstacles to seeking assistance. Method: Due to the open-ended interview questions and a small sample size of 15 respondents, this study employed a qualitative methodology - a thematic analysis was done. Results: The findings revealed that, although the stigma is not publicly acknowledged, children who break the law and seek mental health services (MHS) are stigmatised. It was also shown that minor offenders fear that when they receive services provided by the staff of the observation home (OH), there will be a violation of their privacy and fear unforeseen repercussions. Conclusion: Collaborative action must proactively raise appropriate awareness to lessen the stigma linked with mental health problems, especially regarding MHS among these teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Manshoor Ahmed
- Research Scholar, Department of Social Work, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala
| | - Jilly John
- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala
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Treves IN, Olson HA, Ozernov-Palchik O, Li CE, Wang KL, Arechiga XM, Goldberg SB, Gabrieli JDE. At-home use of app-based mindfulness for children: A randomized active-controlled trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:2728-2744. [PMID: 38654938 PMCID: PMC11034918 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objectives School-based mindfulness interventions in children have shown benefits to child well-being. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of a remote, app-based mindfulness intervention for promoting well-being in children. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two control groups to examine the effects of an 8-week mindfulness intervention in U.S. children ages 8-10. We compared pre-post effects between a mindfulness intervention using the Inner Explorer app, and two audiobook control interventions. The 279 children who participated in the interventions were assessed on self-report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms, perceived stress and trait mindfulness and we also collected parental reports. Results Over 80% of children completed the intervention in each condition. There was evidence for reduced self-perceived stress in children and reduced negative affect in children by parental reports using the mindfulness app, but no significant reduction for anxiety or depression symptoms. In general, between-group effect sizes were small (ds < 0.45). Regular use, defined as at least 30 days of mindfulness practice within the study period, was associated with reduced child negative affect by parental reports, as well as reduced parental stress and child self-perceived stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that home use of a mindfulness app in young children can have a positive impact on children's emotional well-being if the app is used regularly, specifically for at least 30 days in the 8-week study period. Strategies aimed at promoting regular use of the mindfulness app at home could lead to even better outcomes for children. Preregistration Preregistered on OSF at https://osf.io/23vax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac N Treves
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Hock E. Tan and K. Lisa Yang Center for Autism Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Halie A Olson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ola Ozernov-Palchik
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cindy E Li
- Hock E. Tan and K. Lisa Yang Center for Autism Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kimberly L Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xochitl M Arechiga
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Bocanegra ES, Chang SW, Rozenman M, Lee SS, Delgadillo D, Chavira DA. Attention Bias and Anxiety: The Moderating Effect of Sociocultural Variables in Rural Latinx Youth. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1465-1478. [PMID: 37148436 PMCID: PMC10598104 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Attention bias confers risk for anxiety development, however, the influence of sociodemographic variables on the relationship between attention bias and anxiety remains unclear. We examined the association between attention bias and anxiety among rural Latinx youth and investigated potential moderators of this relationship. Clinical symptoms, demographic characteristics, and a performance-based measure of attention bias were collected from 66 rural Latinx youth with clinical levels of anxiety (33.3% female; Mage = 11.74; 92.4% Latinx, 7.6% Mixed Latinx). No moderating effects for age or gender were found. Youth below the poverty line displayed an attention bias away from threat in comparison to youth above the poverty line, who displayed an attention bias towards threat. Among youth below the poverty line, this bias away from threat was associated with increased anxiety. Findings highlight the importance of economic adversity in understanding the relationship between attention bias and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Bocanegra
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Susanna W Chang
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Desiree Delgadillo
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Denise A Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Søndergaard E, Reventlow S, Siersma V, Nicolaisdottir DR, Jepsen R, Rasmussen K, Møller A. A cross-sectional study of the association between family conflicts and children's health: Lolland-Falster Health Study. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:972-984. [PMID: 36805605 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few family interaction processes are more detrimental to children's health than family conflicts. Conflictual relationships in childhood predict a host of adverse health outcomes across the life course. The current study examines associations between household conflicts and the health of children aged 6-12 years and explores to which extent this may vary by socioeconomic status (SES) and multimorbidity (MM) in the household. METHODS Cross-sectional study using questionnaire data gathered between 2016 and 2020 as part of the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) combined with routine register data on health care use and socio-demography from the Danish nationwide administrative databases. The study sample consisted of 1065 children 6-12 years old, who answered LOFUS4 or LOFUS11, from 777 households for which at least one adult answered LOFUS18. Main outcome was children's health complaints, defined as headache, abdominal pain, back pain, and sleep difficulties. Covariates included MM, SES, and conflicts, all three measured at household level. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Conflicts were negatively associated with children's health. This was most pronounced for general conflicts in the household, with increased complaints of abdominal pain, back pain, and sleep difficulties. The associations varied when we stratified the households according to MM and SES. Significant associations were found within households without MM for abdominal pain, and within households with MM and low SES, and without MM and with high SES for sleep difficulties. While the higher level of abdominal pain for the above indicated households were found for both internal and external conflicts in the household, the higher level in sleep difficulties was mostly driven by internal conflicts. CONCLUSION Children reporting frequent health complaints have a higher future health care use compared with children without such complaints. Our results indicate that growing up in a household with a high conflict level might be a predisposing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Søndergaard
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Reventlow
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagny Ros Nicolaisdottir
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Møller
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Harris JC, Liuzzi MT, Malames BA, Larson CL, Lisdahl KM. Differences in parent and youth perceived neighborhood threat on nucleus accumbens-frontoparietal network resting state connectivity and alcohol sipping in children enrolled in the ABCD study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1237163. [PMID: 37928910 PMCID: PMC10622767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence has shown neighborhood threat (NT) as a social driver of emotional and brain development. Few studies have examined the relationship between NT and neural function. Altered functional connectivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) with the frontoparietal network (FPN) has been implicated in the development of substance use, however, little is known about perceived NT-related brain function or downstream alcohol sipping during early adolescence. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between youth and combined youth/parent perceived NT, resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the NAcc-FPN, and alcohol sipping behavior during late childhood and preadolescence. Methods This study used data (N = 7,744) from baseline to 2-year follow-up (FU) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD; Release 4.0). Relationships between youth and combined youth/parent perceive NT, alcohol sipping (baseline to two-year FU), and NAcc-FPN (left/right) connectivity, adjusting for demographics, family/peer history of alcohol use, parental monitoring and warmth, externalizing symptoms, and site, were examined in a mediation model via PROCESS in R. Results Greater youth-reported NT at baseline was significantly associated with lower RSFC between the right (but not left) NAcc-FPN holding covariates constant (R2 = 0.01, B = -0.0019 (unstandardized), F (12, 7,731) = 8.649, p = 0.0087) and increased odds of alcohol sipping at baseline up to the two-year FU (direct effect = 0.0731, 95% CI = 0.0196, 0.1267). RSFC between the right NAcc-FPN did not significantly predict alcohol sipping at the two-year FU (b = -0.0213, SE = 0.42349, p = 0.9599; 95% CI = -0.8086, 0.8512). No significant relationships were observed for combined youth/parent report predicting alcohol sipping or NAcc-FPN connectivity. Conclusion Findings suggest notable reporting differences in NT. Combined youth/parent report did not reveal significant findings; youth perceived NT was related to increased likelihood of alcohol sipping and lower neural connectivity between the right NAcc-FPN during late childhood and early adolescence. NT context - and source of reporting - may be crucial in examining links with downstream neuronal function and health behaviors. Future research should investigate reward processing and threat as the cohort ages into later adolescence.
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Otten R, Ha T, Westling E, Lemery-Chalfant K, Wilson MN, Shaw DS. How pubertal timing and self-regulation predict adolescent sexual activity in resource-poor environments. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37791470 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942300127x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies found support for a link between pubertal timing and self-regulation in low-resource environments. This link could potentially explain a link between pubertal timing and early risk behavior. This study builds on this body of research by examining the mediated effect of pubertal timing on sexual activity through self-regulation in 728 adolescents and their families in a group with poor resources and a group with adequate resources. Income-to-Needs (ITN) was measured at age 7.5 to establish two groups (low-ITN and Medium/High-ITN). Pubertal timing was measured at age 10.5, self-regulation was assessed at age 14 and operationalized with effortful control, and sexual activity was assessed at age 16. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model in both groups. The link between pubertal timing and sexual activity mediated by effortful control was only significant in the low-ITN group. Specifically, more advanced pubertal maturity was associated with lower levels of adolescents' effortful control, which in turn was associated with more sexual activity at age 16. Findings were partially replicated with a drug use index replacing sexual activity. This study shows a different operating link from pubertal timing to effortful control and subsequent risk behavior in resource-poor environments. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Otten
- Department of Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NL, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Melvin N Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Duprey EB, Handley ED, Wyman PA, Ross AJ, Cerulli C, Oshri A. Child maltreatment and youth suicide risk: A developmental conceptual model and implications for suicide prevention. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1732-1755. [PMID: 36097812 PMCID: PMC10008764 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experiences of child abuse and neglect are risk factors for youth suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Accordingly, suicide risk may emerge as a developmental process that is heavily influenced by the rearing environment. We argue that a developmental, theoretical framework is needed to guide future research on child maltreatment and youth (i.e., adolescent and emerging adult) suicide, and to subsequently inform suicide prevention efforts. We propose a developmental model that integrates principles of developmental psychopathology and current theories of suicide to explain the association between child maltreatment and youth suicide risk. This model bears significant implications for future research on child maltreatment and youth suicide risk, and for suicide prevention efforts that target youth with child maltreatment experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn B. Duprey
- Children’s Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Handley
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A. Wyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J. Ross
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- The Susan B. Anthony Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Shakiba N, Lynch SF, Propper CB, Mills-Koonce WR, Wagner NJ. Vagal Flexibility Moderates the Links between Observed Sensitive Caregiving in Infancy and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Middle Childhood. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1453-1464. [PMID: 37300786 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how patterns of physiological stress reactivity underpin individual differences in sensitivity to early rearing experiences and childhood risk for psychopathology. To examine individual differences in parasympathetic functioning, past research has largely relied on static measures of stress reactivity (i.e., residual and change scores) in infancy which may not adequately capture the dynamic nature of regulation across contexts. Using data from a prospective longitudinal study of 206 children (56% African Americans) and their families, this study addressed these gaps by employing the latent basis growth curve model to characterize the dynamic, non-linear patterns of change in infants' respiratory sinus arrhythmia (i.e., vagal flexibility) across the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm. Furthermore, it investigated whether and how infants' vagal flexibility moderates the links between sensitive parenting, observed during a free play task when children were 6 months of age, and parent-report of children's externalizing problems at 7 years of age. Results of the structural equation models revealed that infants' vagal flexibility moderates the predictive relations between sensitive parenting in infancy and children's later externalizing problems. Simple slope analyses revealed that low vagal flexibility, characterized by less suppression and flatter recovery patterns, exacerbated risk for externalizing psychopathology in the context of insensitive parenting. Children with low vagal flexibility also benefited most from sensitive parenting, as indicated by the lower number of externalizing problems. Findings are interpreted in the light of the biological sensitivity to context model and provide evidence for vagal flexibility as a biomarker of individual's sensitivity to early rearing contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Shakiba
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Sarah F Lynch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cathi B Propper
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wagner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Klein CC, Bruns KM, McLaughlin LE, Blom TJ, Patino Duran LR, DelBello MP. Family environment of youth with first episode Mania. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1279-1290. [PMID: 36475895 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221141773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose is to compare youth- and caregiver-reported characteristics of family environment, within and between families with a child experiencing a first manic episode of bipolar disorder (BPD), and families without a child with BPD or familial history of psychiatric disorders (HF). METHODS Family environment of 61 families with a child with BPD and 44 HF were assessed with Family Environment Scale (FES). We compared FES subscale scores between families with BPD and HF, and caregiver- and youth-rated scores. RESULTS Families with BPD differed significantly from HF on 8/10 FES subscales scores. Youth differed significantly from their caregivers on 7/10 subscales. An interaction effect was observed such that youth with BPD reported lower cohesion and organization, and higher conflict than their caregivers; however, HF did not differ significantly on these domains. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that families with BPD have higher conflict and lower cohesion and organization compared to HF. Results also indicate differences between youth and caregiver perspectives in both groups, which may contribute to family discord. Interventions targeting areas of cohesion, organization, and conflict may be beneficial for youth with BPD and their families, specifically those that identify and bridge perceptual divides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Bruns
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, USA
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Thomas Tobin CS, Huynh J, Farmer HR, Israel Cross R, Barve A, Robinson M, Leslie EP, Thorpe RJ. Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Americans Across Adulthood: Evaluating the Role of Psychosocial Risks and Resources. J Aging Health 2023; 35:660-676. [PMID: 35657773 PMCID: PMC10478356 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the relationships between perceived neighborhood racial composition (PNRC), psychosocial risks and resources, and depressive symptoms among young (ages 22-35), middle-aged (ages 36-49), and older (ages 50+) Black Americans. Methods: Full sample and age-stratified linear regression models estimated the PNRC-depressive symptoms association and the extent to which it persisted after accounting for psychosocial risks (i.e., neighborhood disorder, other social stressors) and resources (i.e., mastery, social support, racial identity) among 627 Black Americans in the Nashville Stress and Health Study. Results: Living in racially integrated and predominately White neighborhoods was associated with elevated depressive symptoms. While psychosocial risks and resources explained a substantial portion of these associations, patterns varied across age groups. Discussion: PNRC impacts depressive symptoms among Black Americans by shaping psychosocial risks and resources. Findings underscore interconnections between contextual and psychosocial factors, as well as the distinct mental health significance of these processes across stages of adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Huynh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R. Farmer
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rebekah Israel Cross
- Department of Health Behavior/ Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Apurva Barve
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Millicent Robinson
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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De France K, Stack DM, Serbin LA. Associations between early poverty exposure and adolescent well-being: The role of childhood negative emotionality. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1808-1820. [PMID: 36039975 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using a longitudinal design (Wave 1 n = 164, Mage = 3.57 years, 54% female, predominantly White and French-speaking), the current study sought to answer two questions: 1) does poverty influence children's negative emotionality through heightened family-level, poverty-related stress? and 2) is negative emotionality, in turn, predictive of adolescent internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, cognitive abilities, and physical health? Results confirmed an indirect pathway from family poverty to child emotionality through poverty-related stress. In addition, negative emotionality was associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, attention difficulties, and physical health, but not externalizing symptoms, even when controlling for early poverty exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee De France
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dale M Stack
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa A Serbin
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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van der Laan CM, van de Weijer SG, Pool R, Hottenga JJ, van Beijsterveldt TC, Willemsen G, Bartels M, Nivard MG, Boomsma DI. Direct and Indirect Genetic Effects on Aggression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:958-968. [PMID: 37881547 PMCID: PMC10593934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family members resemble each other in their propensity for aggression. In twin studies, approximately 50% of the variance in aggression can be explained by genetic influences. However, if there are genotype-environment correlation mechanisms, such as environmental manifestations of parental and sibling genotypes, genetic influences may partly reflect environmental influences. In this study, we investigated the importance of indirect polygenic score (PGS) effects on aggression. Methods We modeled the effect of PGSs based on 3 genome-wide association studies: early-life aggression, educational attainment, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The associations with aggression were tested in a within- and between-family design (37,796 measures from 7740 individuals, ages 3-86 years [mean = 14.20 years, SE = 12.03], from 3107 families, 55% female) and in a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design (42,649 measures from 6653 individuals, ages 3-61 years [mean = 11.81 years, SE = 8.68], from 3024 families, 55% female). All participants are enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register. Results We found no evidence for contributions of indirect PGS effects on aggression in either a within- and between-family design or a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design. Results indicate significant direct effects on aggression for the PGSs based on early-life aggression, educational attainment, and ADHD, although explained variance was low (within- and between-family: early-life aggression R2 = 0.3%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.6%, educational attainment R2 = 0.7%; transmitted/nontransmitted PGSs: early-life aggression R2 = 0.2%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.9%, educational attainment R2 = 0.5%). Conclusions PGSs included in the current study had a direct (but no indirect) effect on aggression, consistent with results of previous twin and family studies. Further research involving other PGSs for aggression and related phenotypes is needed to determine whether this conclusion generalizes to overall genetic influences on aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camiel M. van der Laan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G. Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Rinaldi T, Castelli I, Palena N, Greco A, Pianta R, Marchetti A, Valle A. The representation of child-parent relation: validation of the Italian version of the child-parent relationship scale (CPRS-I). Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194644. [PMID: 37799528 PMCID: PMC10547905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) developed by Pianta in 1992. Based on attachment theory, the scale assesses parents' relationship perceptions with their own child and comprises three scales: Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency. A sample of 501 parents (188 fathers and 313 mothers) completed 30 items of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS-I) online, but only 437 answered 85% of the entire protocol; hence, the analyses only focused on 437 participants. The first analysis of the original theoretical model revealed poor fit, item loadings, and internal consistency. Therefore, a follow-up analysis was conducted. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses with a split sample (EFA = 218; CFA = 219) confirmed the original three-factor structure of the Italian sample, although some items were eliminated. The validity and reliability of the Italian version of the CPRS-I were also verified by correlating the above three factors with measures of adult attachment styles and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The CPRS-I showed significant correlations with all tested constructs, in line with those found by Driscoll and Pianta for the short form of the scale. Our results confirm that the CPRS-I has the same structure as the original scale; therefore, it can be a useful tool for assessing parents' perceptions of their relationship with their children. The implications for educational and clinical settings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rinaldi
- Department of Psychology, Università eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Palena
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Robert Pianta
- Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, Curry School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Valle
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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