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Su W, Yu Q, Yang J, Han Q, Wang S, Heděnec P, Wang X, Wan-Yan R, Li H. Cadaverine and putrescine exposure influence carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in water and sediment of the Yellow River. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:236-247. [PMID: 38527889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The response patterns of microbial functional genes involved in biogeochemical cycles to cadaver decay is a central topic of recent environmental sciences. However, the response mechanisms and pathways of the functional genes associated with the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling to cadaveric substances such as cadaverine and putrescine remain unclear. This study explored the variation of functional genes associated with C fixation, C degradation and N cycling and their influencing factors under cadaverine, putrescine and mixed treatments. Our results showed only putrescine significantly increased the alpha diversity of C fixation genes, while reducing the alpha diversity of N cycling genes in sediment. For the C cycling, the mixed treatment significantly decreased the total abundance of reductive acetyl-CoA pathway genes (i.e., acsB and acsE) and lig gene linked to lignin degradation in water, while only significantly increasing the hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle (i.e., accA) gene abundance in sediment. For the N cycling, mixed treatment significantly decreased the abundance of the nitrification (i.e., amoB), denitrification (i.e., nirS3) genes in water and the assimilation pathway gene (i.e., gdhA) in sediment. Environmental factors (i.e., total carbon and total nitrogen) were all negatively associated with the genes of C and N cycling. Therefore, cadaverine and putrescine exposure may inhibit the pathway in C fixation and N cycling, while promoting C degradation. These findings can offer some new insight for the management of amine pollution caused by animal cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanghong Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Institute for Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruijun Wan-Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of pastoral agriculture science and technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Wong MY, Wurzburger N, Hall JS, Wright SJ, Tang W, Hedin LO, Saltonstall K, van Breugel M, Batterman SA. Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:132-144. [PMID: 38742309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses - to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession. Using a large-scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta-analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession. We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies - particularly root phosphatase - in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta-analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Wong
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Wenguang Tang
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
| | - Lars O Hedin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
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3
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Dallstream C, Soper FM. Integrating edaphic gradients and community assembly concepts into the multidimensional root trait space. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:509-512. [PMID: 38549514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Guilbeault‐Mayers & Laliberté (2024), 243: 636–647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dallstream
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Bieler School of the Environment, McGill University, 3534 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2A7, Canada
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4
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Berens MJ, Michaud AB, VanderJeugdt E, Miah I, Sutor FW, Emerson D, Bowden WB, Kinsman-Costello L, Weintraub MN, Herndon EM. Phosphorus Interactions with Iron in Undisturbed and Disturbed Arctic Tundra Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38889135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation often constrains biological processes in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Although adsorption to soil minerals may limit P bioavailability and export from soils into aquatic systems, the contribution of mineral phases to P retention in Arctic tundra is poorly understood. Our objective was to use X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize P speciation and associations with soil minerals along hillslope toposequences and in undisturbed and disturbed low-lying wet sedge tundra on the North Slope, AK. Biogenic mats comprised of short-range ordered iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides were prevalent in undisturbed wet sedge meadows. Upland soils and pond sediments impacted by gravel mining or thermokarst lacked biogenic Fe mats and were comparatively iron poor. Phosphorus was primarily contained in organic compounds in hillslope soils but associated with Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in undisturbed wet sedge meadows and calcium (Ca) in disturbed pond sediments. We infer that phosphate mobilized through organic decomposition binds to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in wet sedge, but these associations are disrupted by physical disturbance that removes Fe mats. Increasing disturbances of the Arctic tundra may continue to alter the mineralogical composition of soils at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces and binding mechanisms that could inhibit or promote transport of bioavailable P from soils to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew John Berens
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander Bryce Michaud
- School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 02543, United States
| | - Erin VanderJeugdt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, United States
| | - Imtiaz Miah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Frederick W Sutor
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - David Emerson
- School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - William B Bowden
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | | | - Michael N Weintraub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Herndon
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Manu R, Veldkamp E, Eryenyu D, Corre MD, van Straaten O. Nitrogen and potassium limit fine root growth in a humid Afrotropical forest. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13154. [PMID: 38849444 PMCID: PMC11161472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient limitations play a key regulatory role in plant growth, thereby affecting ecosystem productivity and carbon uptake. Experimental observations identifying the most limiting nutrients are lacking, particularly in Afrotropical forests. We conducted an ecosystem-scale, full factorial nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) addition experiment consisting 32 40 × 40 m plots (eight treatments × four replicates) in Uganda to investigate which (if any) nutrient limits fine root growth. After two years of observations, added N rapidly decreased fine root biomass by up to 36% in the first and second years of the experiment. Added K decreased fine root biomass by 27% and fine root production by 30% in the second year. These rapid reductions in fine root growth highlight a scaled-back carbon investment in the costly maintenance of large fine root network as N and K limitations become alleviated. No fine root growth response to P addition was observed. Fine root turnover rate was not significantly affected by nutrient additions but tended to be higher in N added than non-N added treatments. These results suggest that N and K availability may restrict the ecosystem's capacity for CO2 assimilation, with implications for ecosystem productivity and resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Manu
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Eryenyu
- Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (Edinburgh Zoo), Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Marife D Corre
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Jiang M, Crous KY, Carrillo Y, Macdonald CA, Anderson IC, Boer MM, Farrell M, Gherlenda AN, Castañeda-Gómez L, Hasegawa S, Jarosch K, Milham PJ, Ochoa-Hueso R, Pathare V, Pihlblad J, Piñeiro J, Powell JR, Power SA, Reich PB, Riegler M, Zaehle S, Smith B, Medlyn BE, Ellsworth DS. Microbial competition for phosphorus limits the CO 2 response of a mature forest. Nature 2024; 630:660-665. [PMID: 38839955 PMCID: PMC11186757 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The capacity for terrestrial ecosystems to sequester additional carbon (C) with rising CO2 concentrations depends on soil nutrient availability1,2. Previous evidence suggested that mature forests growing on phosphorus (P)-deprived soils had limited capacity to sequester extra biomass under elevated CO2 (refs. 3-6), but uncertainty about ecosystem P cycling and its CO2 response represents a crucial bottleneck for mechanistic prediction of the land C sink under climate change7. Here, by compiling the first comprehensive P budget for a P-limited mature forest exposed to elevated CO2, we show a high likelihood that P captured by soil microorganisms constrains ecosystem P recycling and availability for plant uptake. Trees used P efficiently, but microbial pre-emption of mineralized soil P seemed to limit the capacity of trees for increased P uptake and assimilation under elevated CO2 and, therefore, their capacity to sequester extra C. Plant strategies to stimulate microbial P cycling and plant P uptake, such as increasing rhizosphere C release to soil, will probably be necessary for P-limited forests to increase C capture into new biomass. Our results identify the key mechanisms by which P availability limits CO2 fertilization of tree growth and will guide the development of Earth system models to predict future long-term C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew N Gherlenda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Castañeda-Gómez
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- SouthPole Environmental Services, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shun Hasegawa
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Forest and Climate, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Klaus Jarosch
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich-Reckenholz, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Milham
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rául Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Varsha Pathare
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Johanna Pihlblad
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Birmingham Institute for Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan Piñeiro
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Chai Y, Hu Y. Characteristics and drivers of vegetation productivity sensitivity to increasing CO 2 at Northern Middle and High Latitudes. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11467. [PMID: 38799397 PMCID: PMC11116762 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and accurately predicting how the sensitivity of terrestrial vegetation productivity to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration (β) is crucial for assessing carbon sink dynamics. However, the temporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of β remain uncertain. Here, observational and CMIP6 modeling evidence suggest a decreasing trend in β at the Northern Middle and High Latitudes during the historical period of 1982-2015 (-0.082 ± 0.005% 100 ppm-1 year-1). This decreasing trend is projected to persist until the end of the 21st century (-0.082 ± 0.005% 100 ppm-1 year-1 under SSP370 and -0.166 ± 0.006% 100 ppm-1 year-1 under SSP585). The declining β indicates a weakening capacity of vegetation to mitigate warming climates, posing challenges for achieving the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. The rise in vapor pressure deficit (VPD), that triggers stomata closure and weakens photosynthesis, is considered as the dominated factor contributing to the historical and future decline in β, accounting for 62.3%-75.2% of the effect. Nutrient availability and water availability contribute 15.7%-21.4% and 8.5%-16.3%, respectively. These findings underscore the significant role of VPD in shaping terrestrial carbon sink dynamics, an aspect that is currently insufficiently considered in many climate and ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'anChina
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Shi TS, Collins SL, Yu K, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Li H, Ye JS. A global meta-analysis on the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on grasslands and croplands. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3411. [PMID: 38649721 PMCID: PMC11035549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices to address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Inorganic fertilization increases plant aboveground biomass but often causes a tradeoff with plant diversity loss. It remains unclear, however, whether organic fertilization, as a potential nature-based solution, could alter this tradeoff by increasing aboveground biomass without plant diversity loss. Here we compile data from 537 experiments on organic and inorganic fertilization across grasslands and croplands worldwide to evaluate the responses of aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Both organic and inorganic fertilization increase aboveground biomass by 56% and 42% relative to ambient, respectively. However, only inorganic fertilization decreases plant diversity, while organic fertilization increases plant diversity in grasslands with greater soil water content. Moreover, organic fertilization increases SOC in grasslands by 19% and 15% relative to ambient and inorganic fertilization, respectively. The positive effect of organic fertilization on SOC increases with increasing mean annual temperature in grasslands, a pattern not observed in croplands. Collectively, our findings highlight organic fertilization as a potential nature-based solution that can increase two ecosystem services of grasslands, forage production, and soil carbon storage, without a tradeoff in plant diversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shuai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Kong L, Song J, Ru J, Feng J, Hou J, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wang H, Yue X, Zhou Z, Sun D, Zhang J, Li H, Fan Y, Wan S. Nitrogen addition does not alter symmetric responses of soil respiration to changing precipitation in a semi-arid grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171170. [PMID: 38402979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Concurrent changing precipitation regimes and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can have profound influences on soil carbon (C) cycling. However, how N enrichment regulates the responses of soil C fluxes to increasing variability of precipitation remains elusive. As part of a field precipitation gradient experiment with nine levels of precipitation amounts (-60 %, -45 %, -30 %, -15 %, ambient precipitation, +15 %, +30 %, +45 %, and +60 %) and two levels of N addition (0 and 10 g N m-2 yr-1) in a semi-arid temperate steppe on the Mongolian Plateau, this work was conducted to investigate the responses of soil respiration to decreased and increased precipitation (DP and IP), N addition, and their possible interactions. Averaged over the three years from 2019 to 2021, DP suppressed soil respiration by 16.1 %, whereas IP stimulated it by 27.4 %. Nitrogen addition decreased soil respiration by 7.1 % primarily via reducing microbial biomass C. Soil respiration showed symmetric responses to DP and IP within all the four precipitation variabilities (i.e., 15 %, 30 %, 45 %, and 60 %) under ambient N. Nevertheless, N addition did not alter the symmetric responses of soil respiration to changing precipitation due to the comparable sensitivities of microbial biomass and root growth to DP and IP under the N addition treatment. These findings indicate that intensified precipitation variability does not change but N addition could alleviate soil C releases. The unchanged symmetric responses of soil respiration to precipitation variability under N addition imply that N deposition may not change the response pattern of soil C releases to predicted increases in precipitation variability in grasslands, facilitating the robust projections of ecosystem C cycling under future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jingyi Ru
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jiawei Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Qingshan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Haidao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhou
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Dasheng Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Heng Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yongge Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.
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10
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Cannone N, Malfasi F. Climate change triggered synchronous woody plants recruitment in the last two centuries in the treeline ecotone of the Northern Hemisphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170953. [PMID: 38365041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change triggers several ecosystem responses, including woody plant encroachment. We analyse woody plant recruitment across the treeline ecotone (the forest-tundra ecotone) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) over an extended period (1801-2010) and its relation with atmospheric CO2 and air temperature. We detected a synchronous trend of woody plant recruitment across the NH, indicating a major climatic and environmental change, triggered by a combination of CO2 fertilization and air temperature changes. The drivers of woody plant recruitment changed with time: CO2 fertilization was the main driver in the period 1801-1950, while air temperature was the main driver after 1950, despite the drastic acceleration of CO2 increase in the last decades. These data support the hypothesis that we are shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period. The temporal patterns of woody plant recruitment are consistent with the occurrence of the 1980 regime shift, a major change occurred in the Earth's biophysical systems. Indeed, the recruitment drop promoted by the 1960s-1980s air cooling, was followed by an intensive recruitment increase triggered by the restart of air warming in the last decades. The largest sensitivity and fastest resilience of evergreen and Pinaceae to the restart of air warming allows to hypothesize that, among the woody plant functional and taxonomic groups, they could perform the largest expansion also in future decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cannone
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dip. Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, Via J.H. Dunant 2, 21100 Varese, Italy; Climate Change Research Center, Insubria University, Via Sant'Abbondio 12, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - F Malfasi
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dip. Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; Climate Change Research Center, Insubria University, Via Sant'Abbondio 12, 22100 Como, Italy
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11
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Zhu Q, Riley WJ, Tang J, Bouskill NJ. Plant responses to elevated CO 2 under competing hypotheses of nitrogen and phosphorus limitations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2967. [PMID: 38469663 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The future ecosystem carbon cycle has important implications for biosphere-climate feedback. The magnitude of future plant growth and carbon accumulation depends on plant strategies for nutrient uptake under the stresses of nitrogen (N) versus phosphorus (P) limitations. Two archetypal theories have been widely acknowledged in the literature to represent N and P limitations on ecosystem processes: Liebig's Law of the Minimum (LLM) and the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) approach. LLM states that the more limiting nutrient controls plant growth, and commonly leads to predictions of dramatically dampened ecosystem carbon accumulation over the 21st century. Conversely, the MEL approach recognizes that plants possess multiple pathways to coordinate N and P availability and invest resources to alleviate N or P limitation. We implemented these two contrasting approaches in the E3SM model, and compiled 98 in situ forest N or P fertilization experiments to evaluate how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to N and P limitations. We find that MEL better captured the observed plant responses to nutrient perturbations globally, compared with LLM. Furthermore, LLM and MEL diverged dramatically in responses to elevated CO2 concentrations, leading to a two-fold difference in CO2 fertilization effects on Net Primary Productivity by the end of the 21st century. The larger CO2 fertilization effects indicated by MEL mainly resulted from plant mediation on N and P resource supplies through N2 fixation and phosphatase activities. This analysis provides quantitative evidence of how different N and P limitation strategies can diversely affect future carbon and nutrient dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bouskill
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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12
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Wei D, Tao J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhao W, Wang X. Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO 2 uptake across China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2489. [PMID: 38509103 PMCID: PMC10954722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevation gradient has long been known to be vital in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about the elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake, denoted by net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Here, by analyzing data from 203 eddy covariance sites across China, we report a negative linear elevation-dependent pattern of NEP, collectively shaped by varying hydrothermal factors, nutrient supply, and ecosystem types. Furthermore, the NEP shows a higher temperature sensitivity in high-elevation environments (3000-5000 m) compared with the lower-elevation environments (<3000 m). Model ensemble and satellite-based observations consistently reveal more rapid relative changes in NEP in high-elevation environments during the last four decades. Machine learning also predicts a stronger relative increase in high-elevation environments, whereas less change is expected at lower elevations. We therefore conclude a varying elevation-dependent pattern of the NEP of terrestrial ecosystems in China, although there is significant uncertainty involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Safety, Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Bejagam V, Sharma A, Wei X. Projected decline in the strength of vegetation carbon sequestration under climate change in India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170166. [PMID: 38253099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tropical vegetation plays a critical role in terrestrial carbon budget and supply many ecological functions such as carbon sequestration. In recent decades, India has witnessed an increase in net primary productivity (NPP), an important measure of carbon sequestration. However, uncertainties persist regarding the sustainability of these land carbon sinks in the face of climate change. The enhanced NPP is driven by the strong CO2 fertilization effect (CFE), but the temporal patterns of this feedback remain unclear. Using the carbon flux data from the Earth System Models (ESMs), an increasing trend in NPP was observed, with projections of NPP to 2.00 ± 0.12 PgCyr-1 (25 % increase) during 2021-2049, 2.36 ± 0.12 PgCyr-1 (18 % increase) during 2050-2079, and 2.67 ± 0.07 PgCyr-1 (13 % increase) during 2080-2099 in Indian vegetation under SSP585 scenario. This suggests a significant decline in the NPP growth rate. To understand the feedback mechanisms driving NPP, the relative effects of CFE and warming were analyzed. Comparing simulations from the biogeochemically coupled model (BGC) with the fully coupled model, the BGC model projected a 74.7 % increase in NPP, significantly higher than the 55.9 % increase projected by the fully coupled model by the end of the century. This indicates that the consistent increase in NPP was associated with CO2 fertilization. More importantly, results reveal that the decrease in the NPP growth rate was due to the declining contribution of CFE at a rate of -0.62 % per 100 ppm CO2 increase. This decline could be attributed to factors such as nutrient limitations and high temperatures. Additionally, significant shifts in the strength of carbon sinks in offsetting the CO2 emissions were identified, decreasing at a rate of -1.15 % per decade. This decline in the strength of vegetation carbon sequestration may increase the societal dependence on mitigation measures to address climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Bejagam
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Xiaohua Wei
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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14
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Li S, Zhong L, Zhang B, Fan C, Gao Y, Wang M, Xiao H, Tang X. Microplastics induced the differential responses of microbial-driven soil carbon and nitrogen cycles under warming. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133141. [PMID: 38056262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The input of microplastics (MPs) and warming interfere with soil carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) cycles. Although the effects of warming and/or MPs on the cycles have been well studied, the biological coupling of microbial-driven cycles was neglected. Here, the synergistic changes of the cycles were investigated using batch incubation experiments. As results, the influences of MPs were not significant at 15, 20, and 25 °C, and yet, high temperature (i.e., 30 °C) reduced the respiration of high-concentration MPs-amended soil by 9.80%, and increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 14.74%. In contrast, high temperature did not change the effect of MPs on N. The decrease of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the constant of microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) indicated that microbial N utilization was enhanced, which might be attributed to the enrichments of adapted populations, such as Conexibacter, Acidothermus, and Acidibacter. These observations revealed that high temperature and MPs drove the differential response of soil C and N cycles. Additionally, the transcriptomic provided genomic evidence of the response. In summary, the high temperature was a prerequisite for the MPs-driven response, which underscored new ecological risks of MPs under global warming and emphasized the need for carbon emission reduction and better plastic product regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Linrui Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Baowei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Changzheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yuying Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mier Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huannian Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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15
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Lecina-Diaz J, Senf C, Grünig M, Seidl R. Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe's forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17242. [PMID: 38497382 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Global change impacts on disturbances can strongly compromise the capacity of forests to provide ecosystem services to society. In addition, many ecosystem services in Europe are simultaneously provided by forests, emphasizing the importance of multifunctionality in forest ecosystem assessments. To address disturbances in forest ecosystem policies and management, spatially explicit risk analyses that consider multiple disturbances and ecosystem services are needed. However, we do not yet know which ecosystem services are most at risk from disturbances in Europe, where the respective risk hotspots are, nor which of the main disturbance agents are most detrimental to the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services from Europe's forests. Here, we quantify the risk of losing important ecosystem services (timber supply, carbon storage, soil erosion control and outdoor recreation) to forest disturbances (windthrows, bark beetle outbreaks and wildfires) in Europe on a continental scale. We find that up to 12% of Europe's ecosystem service supply is at risk from current disturbances. Soil erosion control is the ecosystem service at the highest risk, and windthrow is the disturbance agent posing the highest risk. Disturbances challenge forest multifunctionality by threatening multiple ecosystem services simultaneously on 19.8 Mha (9.7%) of Europe's forests. Our results highlight priority areas for risk management aiming to safeguard the sustainable provisioning of forest ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Lecina-Diaz
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Cornelius Senf
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marc Grünig
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
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16
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Wan L, Huo J, Huang Q, Ji X, Song L, Zhang Z, Pan L, Fu J, Abd Elhamid MA, Soaud SA, Heakel RMY, Gao J, Wei S, El-Sappah AH. Genetics and metabolic responses of Artemisia annua L to the lake of phosphorus under the sparingly soluble phosphorus fertilizer: evidence from transcriptomics analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38329581 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. is prized for its capacity to generate artemisinin, which is used to cure malaria. Potentially influencing the biomass and secondary metabolite synthesis of A. annua is plant nutrition, particularly phosphorus (P). However, most soil P exist as insoluble inorganic and organic phosphates, which results to low P availability limiting plant growth and development. Although plants have developed several adaptation strategies to low P levels, genetics and metabolic responses to P status remain largely unknown. In a controlled greenhouse experiment, the sparingly soluble P form, hydroxyapatite (Ca5OH(PO4)3/CaP) was used to simulate calcareous soils with low P availability. In contrast, the soluble P form KH2PO4/KP was used as a control. A. annua's morphological traits, growth, and artemisinin concentration were determined, and RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under two different P forms. Total biomass, plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter, as well as leaf area, decreased by 64.83%, 27.49%, 30.47%, 38.70%, and 54.64% in CaP compared to KP; however, LC-MS tests showed an outstanding 37.97% rise in artemisinin content per unit biomass in CaP contrary to KP. Transcriptome analysis showed 2015 DEGs (1084 up-regulated and 931 down-regulated) between two P forms, including 39 transcription factor (TF) families. Further analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, enzyme catalytic activity, signal transduction, and so on, such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, P metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Meanwhile, several artemisinin biosynthesis genes were up-regulated, including DXS, GPPS, GGPS, MVD, and ALDH, potentially increasing artemisinin accumulation. Furthermore, 21 TF families, including WRKY, MYB, bHLH, and ERF, were up-regulated in reaction to CaP, confirming their importance in P absorption, internal P cycling, and artemisinin biosynthesis regulation. Our results will enable us to comprehend how low P availability impacts the parallel transcriptional control of plant development, growth, and artemisinin production in A. annua. This study could lay the groundwork for future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying A. annua's low P adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Huo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Lisha Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanjiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jine Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | | | - Salma A Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania M Y Heakel
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jihai Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shugen Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China.
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China.
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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17
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Zhang H, Plett JM, Catunda KLM, Churchill AC, Moore BD, Powell JR, Power SA, Yang J, Anderson IC. Rapid quantification of biological nitrogen fixation using optical spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:760-771. [PMID: 37891011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) provides a globally important input of nitrogen (N); its quantification is critical but technically challenging. Leaf reflectance spectroscopy offers a more rapid approach than traditional techniques to measure plant N concentration ([N]) and isotopes (δ15N). Here we present a novel method for rapidly and inexpensively quantifying BNF using optical spectroscopy. We measured plant [N], δ15N, and the amount of N derived from atmospheric fixation (Ndfa) following the standard traditional methodology using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) from tissues grown under controlled conditions and taken from field experiments. Using the same tissues, we predicted the same three parameters using optical spectroscopy. By comparing the optical spectroscopy-derived results with traditional measurements (i.e. IRMS), the amount of Ndfa predicted by optical spectroscopy was highly comparable to IRMS-based quantification, with R2 being 0.90 (slope=0.90) and 0.94 (slope=1.02) (root mean square error for predicting legume δ15N was 0.38 and 0.43) for legumes grown in glasshouse and field, respectively. This novel application of optical spectroscopy facilitates BNF studies because it is rapid, scalable, low cost, and complementary to existing technologies. Moreover, the proposed method successfully captures the dynamic response of BNF to climate changes such as warming and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Karen L M Catunda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ben D Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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18
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Lai Y, Tang S, Lambers H, Hietz P, Tang W, Gilliam FS, Lu X, Luo X, Lin Y, Wang S, Zeng F, Wang Q, Kuang Y. Global change progressively increases foliar nitrogen-phosphorus ratios in China's subtropical forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17201. [PMID: 38385993 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Globally increased nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratios (N/P) affect the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have addressed the variation of foliar N/P over time in subtropical forests. Foliar N/P indicates N versus P limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. Quantifying long-term dynamics of foliar N/P and their potential drivers is crucial for predicting nutrient status and functioning in forest ecosystems under global change. We detected temporal trends of foliar N/P, quantitatively estimated their potential drivers and their interaction between plant types (evergreen vs. deciduous and trees vs. shrubs), using 1811 herbarium specimens of 12 widely distributed species collected during 1920-2010 across China's subtropical forests. We found significant decreases in foliar P concentrations (23.1%) and increases in foliar N/P (21.2%). Foliar N/P increased more in evergreen species (22.9%) than in deciduous species (16.9%). Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (P CO 2 $$ {\mathrm{P}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} $$ ), atmospheric N deposition and mean annual temperature (MAT) dominantly contributed to the increased foliar N/P of evergreen species, whileP CO 2 $$ {\mathrm{P}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} $$ , MAT, and vapor pressure deficit, to that of deciduous species. Under future Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, increasing MAT andP CO 2 $$ {\mathrm{P}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} $$ would continuously increase more foliar N/P in deciduous species than in evergreen species, with more 12.9%, 17.7%, and 19.4% versus 6.1%, 7.9%, and 8.9% of magnitudes under the scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, respectively. The results suggest that global change has intensified and will progressively aggravate N-P imbalance, further altering community composition and ecosystem functioning of subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songbo Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwen Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Li X, Ramos Aguila LC, Wu D, Lie Z, Xu W, Tang X, Liu J. Carbon sequestration and storage capacity of Chinese fir at different stand ages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166962. [PMID: 37696397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In southern China, Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata is one of the most important native conifer trees, widely used in afforestation programs. This area has the largest forestland atmospheric carbon sink, and a relatively young stand age characterizes these forests. However, how C. lanceolata forests evolved regarding their ability to sequester carbon remains unclear. Here we present data on carbon storage and sequestration capacity of C. lanceolata at six stand ages (5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 30- and 60 - year-old stands). Results show that the carbon stock in trees, understory, vegetation, litter, soil, and ecosystem significantly increased with forest age. The total ecosystem carbon stock increased from 129.11 to 348.43 Mg ha-1 in the 5- and 60 - year-old stands. The carbon sequestration rate of C. lanceolata shows an overall increase in the first two stand intervals (5-10 and 10-15), peaks in the 15-20 stand intervals, and then decreases in the 20-30 and 30-60 stand intervals. Our result revealed that carbon sequestration rate is a matter of tree age, with the highest sequestration rates occurring in the middle age forest (15-20 - year-old). Therefore, this information may be useful for national climate change mitigation actions and afforestation programs, since forests are primarily planted for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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20
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Wei L, Liira J, Ehrmann S, Lenoir J, Decocq G, Brunet J, Wulf M, Diekmann M, Naaf T, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Hansen K, De Smedt P, Valdés A, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Impact of patch age and size on forest soil characteristics in European agricultural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165543. [PMID: 37453705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Many landscapes worldwide are characterized by the presence of a mosaic of forest patches with contrasting age and size embedded in a matrix of agricultural land. However, our understanding of the effects of these key forest patch features on the soil nutrient status (in terms of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus) and soil pH is still limited due to a lack of large-scale data. To address this research gap, we analyzed 830 soil samples from nearly 200 forest patches varying in age (recent versus ancient forests) and size (small versus larger patches) along a 2500-km latitudinal gradient across Europe. We also considered environmental covariates at multiple scales to increase the generality of our research, including variation in macroclimate, nitrogen deposition rates, forest cover in a buffer zone, basal area and soil type. Multiple linear mixed-effects models were performed to test the combined effects of patch features and environmental covariates on soil nutrients and pH. Recent patches had higher total soil phosphorus concentrations and stocks in the mineral soil layer, along with a lower nitrogen to phosphorus ratio within that layer. Small patches generally had a higher mineral soil pH. Mineral soil nitrogen stocks were lower in forest patches with older age and larger size, as a result of a significant interactive effect. Additionally, environmental covariates had significant effects on soil nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and their stoichiometry, depending on the specific covariates. In some cases, the effect of patch age on mineral soil phosphorus stocks was greater than that of environmental covariates. Our findings underpin the important roles of forest patch age and size for the forest soil nutrient status. Long-term studies assessing edge effects and soil development in post-agricultural forests are needed, especially in a context of changing land use and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Steffen Ehrmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Monika Wulf
- Research Area 2, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ZALF, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Research Area 2, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ZALF, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Karin Hansen
- The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Virkesvägen 2, 106 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alicia Valdés
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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21
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Cheng G, Zhang X, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Jing L, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang W. Tree diversity, growth status, and spatial distribution affected soil N availability and N 2O efflux: Interaction with soil physiochemical properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118375. [PMID: 37356331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for tree growth, and excessive N is a source of pollution. This paper aims to define the effects of plant diversity and forest structure on various aspects of soil N cycling. Herein, we collected soils from 720 plots to measure total N content (TN), alkali-hydrolyzed N (AN), nitrate N (NO3--N), ammonium N (NH4+-N) in a 7.2 ha experimental forest in northeast China. Four plant diversity indices, seven structural metrics, four soil properties, and in situ N2O efflux were also measured. We found that: 1) high tree diversity had 1.3-1.4-fold NO3--N, 1.1-fold NH4+-N, and 1.5-1.8-fold N2O efflux (p < 0.05). 2) Tree growth decreased soil TN, AN, and NO3--N by more than 13%, and tree mixing and un-uniform distribution increased TN, AN, and NH4+-N by 11-22%. 3) Soil organic carbon (SOC) explained 34.3% of the N variations, followed by soil water content (1.5%), tree diameter (1.5%) and pH (1%), and soil bulk density (0.5%). SOC had the most robust linear relations to TN (R2 = 0.59) and AN (R2 = 0.5). 4) The partial least squares path model revealed that the tree diversity directly increased NO3--N, NH4+-N, and N2O efflux, and they were strengthened indirectly from soil properties by 1%-4%. The effects of tree size-density (-0.24) and spatial structure (0.16) were mainly achieved via their soil interaction and thus indirectly decreased NH4+-N, AN, and TN. Overall, high tree diversity forests improved soil N availability and N2O efflux, and un-uniform spatial tree assemblages could partially balance the soil N consumed by tree growth. Our data support soil N management in high northern hemisphere temperate forests from tree diversity and forest structural regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Meina Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, 130102, China.
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22
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Clark CM, Phelan J, Ash J, Buckley J, Cajka J, Horn K, Thomas RQ, Sabo RD. Future climate change effects on US forest composition may offset benefits of reduced atmospheric deposition of N and S. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4793-4810. [PMID: 37417247 PMCID: PMC11166206 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are important drivers of forest demography. Here we apply previously derived growth and survival responses for 94 tree species, representing >90% of the contiguous US forest basal area, to project how changes in mean annual temperature, precipitation, and N and S deposition from 20 different future scenarios may affect forest composition to 2100. We find that under the low climate change scenario (RCP 4.5), reductions in aboveground tree biomass from higher temperatures are roughly offset by increases in aboveground tree biomass from reductions in N and S deposition. However, under the higher climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) the decreases from climate change overwhelm increases from reductions in N and S deposition. These broad trends underlie wide variation among species. We found averaged across temperature scenarios the relative abundance of 60 species were projected to decrease more than 5% and 20 species were projected to increase more than 5%; and reductions of N and S deposition led to a decrease for 13 species and an increase for 40 species. This suggests large shifts in the composition of US forests in the future. Negative climate effects were mostly from elevated temperature and were not offset by scenarios with wetter conditions. We found that by 2100 an estimated 1 billion trees under the RCP 4.5 scenario and 20 billion trees under the RCP 8.5 scenario may be pushed outside the temperature record upon which these relationships were derived. These results may not fully capture future changes in forest composition as several other factors were not included. Overall efforts to reduce atmospheric deposition of N and S will likely be insufficient to overcome climate change impacts on forest demography across much of the United States unless we adhere to the low climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Clark
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington DC
| | | | - Jeremy Ash
- US Department of Agriculture, US Forest Service, Region 8, Ashville, NC
| | | | - James Cajka
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Kevin Horn
- Virginia Polytechnical University, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Blacksburg, VA
| | - R. Quinn Thomas
- Virginia Polytechnical University, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Robert D. Sabo
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington DC
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23
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Maestre FT, Berdugo M, Wang J, Coleine C, Sáez-Sandino T, García-Velázquez L, Singh BK, Delgado-Baquerizo M. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1002-1011. [PMID: 37169879 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils support an immense portion of Earth's biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant-microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Youzhi Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Department of Environment Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Depatamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juntao Wang
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
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24
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Feng J, Song Y, Zhu B. Ecosystem-dependent responses of soil carbon storage to phosphorus enrichment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2363-2374. [PMID: 36960561 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus deposition can stimulate both plant carbon inputs and microbial carbon outputs. However, how P enrichment affects soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of 642 SOC observations from 213 field P addition experiments world-wide and explored the regulations of plant inputs, microbial outputs, plant characteristics, and environmental and experimental factors on SOC responses. We found that, globally, P addition stimulated SOC by 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0-6.0%), but the stimulation only occurred in forest and cropland rather than in grassland. Across sites, the response of SOC correlated with that of plant aboveground rather than belowground biomass, suggesting that the change in plant inputs from aboveground was more important than that from belowground in regulating SOC changes due to P addition. Among multiple factors, plant N fixation status and mean annual temperature were the best predictors for SOC responses to P addition, with SOC stimulation being higher in ecosystems dominated by symbiotic nitrogen fixers and ecosystems in high-temperature regions like tropical forests. Our findings highlight the differential and ecosystem-dependent responses of SOC to P enrichment and can contribute to accurate predictions of soil carbon dynamics in a P-enriched world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanjun Song
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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25
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Darnajoux R, Inomura K, Zhang X. A diazotrophy-ammoniotrophy dual growth model for the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris var. Hildenborough. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3136-3148. [PMID: 37293241 PMCID: PMC10244686 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) comprise one of the few prokaryotic groups in which biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is common. Recent studies have highlighted SRB roles in N cycling, particularly in oligotrophic coastal and benthic environments where they could contribute significantly to N input. Most studies of SRB have focused on sulfur cycling and SRB growth models have primarily aimed at understanding the effects of electron sources, with N usually provided as fixed-N (nitrate, ammonium). Mechanistic links between SRB nitrogen-fixing metabolism and growth are not well understood, particularly in environments where fixed-N fluctuates. Here, we investigate diazotrophic growth of the model sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio vulgaris var. Hildenborough under anaerobic heterotrophic conditions and contrasting N availabilities using a simple cellular model with dual ammoniotrophic and diazotrophic modes. The model was calibrated using batch culture experiments with varying initial ammonium concentrations (0-3000 µM) and acetylene reduction assays of BNF activity. The model confirmed the preferential usage of ammonium over BNF for growth and successfully reproduces experimental data, with notably clear bi-phasic growth curves showing an initial ammoniotrophic phase followed by onset of BNF. Our model enables quantification of the energetic cost of each N acquisition strategy and indicates the existence of a BNF-specific limiting phenomenon, not directly linked to micronutrient (Mo, Fe, Ni) concentration, by-products (hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide), or fundamental model metabolic parameters (death rate, electron acceptor stoichiometry). By providing quantitative predictions of environment and metabolism, this study contributes to a better understanding of anaerobic heterotrophic diazotrophs in environments with fluctuating N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Darnajoux
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- High Meadow Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Xinning Zhang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- High Meadow Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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26
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Yang Q, Liu Z, Houlton BZ, Gao D, Chang Q, Li H, Fan X, Liu B, Bai E. Isotopic evidence for increased carbon and nitrogen exchanges between peatland plants and their symbiotic microbes with rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations since 15,000 cal. year BP. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1939-1950. [PMID: 36585918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Whether nitrogen (N) availability will limit plant growth and removal of atmospheric CO2 by the terrestrial biosphere this century is controversial. Studies have suggested that N could progressively limit plant growth, as trees and soils accumulate N in slowly cycling biomass pools in response to increases in carbon sequestration. However, a question remains over whether longer-term (decadal to century) feedbacks between climate, CO2 and plant N uptake could emerge to reduce ecosystem-level N limitations. The symbioses between plants and microbes can help plants to acquire N from the soil or from the atmosphere via biological N2 fixation-the pathway through which N can be rapidly brought into ecosystems and thereby partially or completely alleviate N limitation on plant productivity. Here we present measurements of plant N isotope composition (δ15 N) in a peat core that dates to 15,000 cal. year BP to ascertain ecosystem-level N cycling responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that pre-industrial increases in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations corresponded with a decrease in the δ15 N of both Sphagnum moss and Ericaceae when constrained for climatic factors. A modern experiment demonstrates that the δ15 N of Sphagnum decreases with increasing N2 -fixation rates. These findings suggest that plant-microbe symbioses that facilitate N acquisition are, over the long term, enhanced under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, highlighting an ecosystem-level feedback mechanism whereby N constraints on terrestrial carbon storage can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Decai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianlei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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27
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Wang J, Li Y, Gao J. Time Effects of Global Change on Forest Productivity in China from 2001 to 2017. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1404. [PMID: 36987091 PMCID: PMC10051691 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With global warming, the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and greenhouse gases, such as CO2, are increasing. However, it is still unknown whether these increases will affect vegetation productivity. Exploring the impacts of global warming on net primary productivity (NPP) will help us understand how ecosystem function responds to climate change in China. Using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model based on remote sensing, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in NPP across 1137 sites in China from 2001 to 2017. Our results revealed that: (1) Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) were significantly positively correlated with NPP (p < 0.01), while PM2.5 concentration and CO2 emissions were significantly negatively correlated with NPP (p < 0.01). (2) The positive correlation between temperature, rainfall and NPP gradually weakened over time, while the negative correlation between PM2.5 concentration, CO2 emissions and NPP gradually strengthened over time. (3) High levels of PM2.5 concentration and CO2 emissions had negative effects on NPP, while high levels of MAT and MAP had positive effects on NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Han X, Zhou G, Luo Q, Ferlian O, Zhou L, Meng J, Qi Y, Pei J, He Y, Liu R, Du Z, Long J, Zhou X, Eisenhauer N. Plant biomass responses to elevated CO 2 are mediated by phosphorus uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160775. [PMID: 36509268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] potentially alter carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Although numerous field experiments and a few meta-analyses have been conducted, it is still largely unclear how the P cycle affects plant biomass responses under elevated [CO2] globally. Here, we conducted a global synthesis by analyzing 111 studies on the responses of above- and belowground P cycling to elevated [CO2], to examine how changes in the P cycle affect the plant biomass response to elevated [CO2]. Our results show that elevated [CO2] significantly increased plant aboveground biomass (+13 %), stem biomass (+4 %), leaf biomass (+11 %), belowground biomass (+12 %), and the root: shoot ratio (+7 %). Effects of elevated [CO2] on aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, and root: shoot ratio were best explained by plant P uptake. In addition, elevated [CO2]-induced changes in the aboveground P pool, leaf P pool, and leaf P concentration were modulated by ecological drivers, such as ΔCO2, experimental duration, and aridity index. Our findings highlight the importance of plant P uptake for both above- and belowground plant biomass responses under elevated [CO2], which should be considered in future biosphere models to improve predictions of terrestrial carbon-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Han
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Life Sciences/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Landscape Dynamics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianing Pei
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jilan Long
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Baek G, Lim H, Noh NJ, Kim C. No impact of nitrogen fertilization on carbon sequestration in a temperate Pinus densiflora forest. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1743. [PMID: 36878968 PMCID: PMC9988963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon (C) sequestration capacity in forest ecosystems is generally constrained by soil nitrogen (N) availability. Consequently, N fertilization is seen as a promising tool for enhancing ecosystem-level C sequestration in N-limited forests. We examined the responses of ecosystem C (vegetation and soil) and soil N dynamics to 3 years of annual nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N3P4K1 = 11.3 g N, 15.0 g P, 3.7 g K m-2 year-1) or PK fertilization (P4K1), observed over 4 years in a 40-year-old Pinus densiflora forest with poor N nutrition in South Korea. PK fertilization without N was performed to test for PK limitation other than N. Neither tree growth nor soil C fluxes responded to annual NPK or PK fertilization despite an increase in soil mineral N fluxes following NPK fertilization. NPK fertilization increased the rate of N immobilization and 80% of the added N was recovered from mineral soil in the 0-5 cm layer, suggesting that relatively little of the added N was available to trees. These results indicate that N fertilization does not always enhance C sequestration even in forests with poor N nutrition and should therefore be applied with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongwon Baek
- Division of Environmental and Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nam Jin Noh
- Department of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Choonsig Kim
- Division of Environmental and Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, South Korea.
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30
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Wang L, Chen X, Yan X, Wang C, Guan P, Tang Z. A response of biomass and nutrient allocation to the combined effects of soil nutrient, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and root-knot nematode in cherry tomato. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe biomass and nutrient allocation strategies in plants are fundamental for predicting carbon storage and mineral and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our knowledge regarding the effects of multiple environmental factors on biomass and nutrient allocation remains limited.MethodsHere we manipulated soil composition (three levels), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (AMF, five levels), and root-knot nematode inoculation (RKN, two levels) using random block design to reveal the effects of these factors on biomass and nutrient allocation strategies of cherry tomato.Results and DiscussionOur results showed that biomass and nutrient allocation were affected by soil composition, AMF and RKN individually or interactively. The biomass and nutrient allocation in cherry tomato shows different adaptation strategies responded to the joint action of three factors. The reduction of soil nutrients increased belowground biomass allocation, and aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. AMF colonization increased aboveground biomass allocation and reproductive investment and promoted aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Cherry tomato can mitigate the stress of RKN infection by investing more biomass and nutrients into belowground organs. Our study showed that plants can adjust their survival strategies by changing biomass and nutrient allocation to adapt to variation in soil abiotic and biotic factors. These findings contribute to our understanding of the adaptive processes of plant biomass and nutrient allocation strategies under multiple environmental factors.
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31
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Dynarski KA, Soper FM, Reed SC, Wieder WR, Cleveland CC. Patterns and controls of foliar nutrient stoichiometry and flexibility across United States forests. Ecology 2023; 104:e3909. [PMID: 36326547 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant element stoichiometry and stoichiometric flexibility strongly regulate ecosystem responses to global change. Here, we tested three potential mechanistic drivers (climate, soil nutrients, and plant taxonomy) of both using paired foliar and soil nutrient data from terrestrial forested National Ecological Observatory Network sites across the USA. We found that broad patterns of foliar nitrogen (N) and foliar phosphorus (P) are explained by different mechanisms. Plant taxonomy was an important control over all foliar nutrient stoichiometries and concentrations, especially foliar N, which was dominantly related to taxonomy and did not vary across climate or soil gradients. Despite a lack of site-level correlations between N and environment variables, foliar N exhibited intraspecific flexibility, with numerous species-specific correlations between foliar N and various environmental factors, demonstrating the variable spatial and temporal scales on which foliar chemistry and stoichiometric flexibility can manifest. In addition to plant taxonomy, foliar P and N:P ratios were also linked to soil nutrient status (extractable P) and climate, especially actual evapotranspiration rates. Our findings highlight the myriad factors that influence foliar chemistry and show that broad patterns cannot be explained by a single consistent mechanism. Furthermore, differing controls over foliar N versus P suggests that each may be sensitive to global change drivers on distinct spatial and temporal scales, potentially resulting in altered ecosystem N:P ratios that have implications for processes ranging from productivity to carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Dynarski
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Fiona M Soper
- Department of Biology and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sasha C Reed
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, USA
| | - William R Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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32
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Dynamic carbon-nitrogen coupling under global change. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:771-782. [PMID: 36680674 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen coupling is a fundamental principle in ecosystem ecology. However, how the coupling responds to global change has not yet been examined. Through a comprehensive and systematic literature review, we assessed how the dynamics of carbon processes change with increasing nitrogen input and how nitrogen processes change with increasing carbon input under global change. Our review shows that nitrogen input to the ecosystem mostly stimulates plant primary productivity but inconsistently decreases microbial activities or increases soil carbon sequestration, with nitrogen leaching and nitrogenous gas emission rapidly increasing. Nitrogen fixation increases and nitrogen leaching decreases to improve soil nitrogen availability and support plant growth and ecosystem carbon sequestration under elevated CO2 and temperature or along ecosystem succession. We conclude that soil nitrogen cycle processes continually adjust to change in response to either overload under nitrogen addition or deficiency under CO2 enrichment and ecosystem succession to couple with carbon cycling. Indeed, processes of both carbon and nitrogen cycles continually adjust under global change, leading to dynamic coupling in carbon and nitrogen cycles. The dynamic coupling framework reconciles previous debates on the "uncoupling" or "decoupling" of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles under global change. Ecosystem models failing to simulate these dynamic adjustments cannot simulate carbon-nitrogen coupling nor predict ecosystem carbon sequestration well.
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Wang W, Zhao J, Xing Z, Wang X. Characteristics and drivers of plant C, N, and P stoichiometry in Northern Tibetan Plateau grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092872. [PMID: 37089650 PMCID: PMC10118023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding vegetation C, N, and P stoichiometry helps us not only to evaluate biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions but also to predict the potential impact of environmental change on ecosystem processes. The foliar C, N, and P stoichiometry in Northern Tibetan grasslands, especially the controlling factors, has been highlighted in recent years. In this study, we have collected 340 plant samples and 162 soil samples from 54 plots in three grassland types, with the purpose of evaluating the foliar C, N, and P stoichiometry and underlying control factors in three grassland types along a 1,500-km east-to-west transect in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that the averaged foliar C, N, and P concentrations were 425.9 ± 15.8, 403.4 ± 22.2, and 420.7 ± 30.7 g kg-1; 21.7 ± 2.9, 19.0 ± 2.3, and 21.7 ± 5.2 g kg-1; and 1.71 ± 0.29, 1.19 ± 0.16, and 1.59 ± 0.6 g kg-1 in the alpine meadow (AM), alpine steppe (AS), and desert steppe (DS) ecosystems, respectively. The foliar C and N ratios were comparable, with values of 19.8 ± 2.8, 20.6 ± 1.9, and 19.9 ± 5.8 in the AM, AS, and DS ecosystems, respectively. Both the C/P and N/P ratios are the lowest in the AM ecosystem, with values of 252.2 ± 32.6 and 12.8 ± 1.3, respectively, whereas the highest values of 347.3 ± 57.0 and 16.2 ± 3.2 were obtained in the AS ecosystem. In contrast, the soil C, N, C/P, and N/P values decreased from the AM to DS ecosystem. Across the whole transects, leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry showed no obvious trend, but soil C and N concentrations showed an increasing trend, and soil P concentrations showed a decreasing trend with the increasing longitude. Based on the general linear model analysis, the vegetation type was the dominant factor controlling the leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry, accounting for 42.8% for leaf C, 45.1% for leaf N, 35.2% for leaf P, 52.9% for leaf C/N, 39.6% for leaf C/P, and 48.0% for leaf N/P; the soil nutrients and climate have relatively low importance. In conclusion, our results supported that vegetation type, rather than climatic variation and soil nutrients, are the major determinants of north Tibet grassland leaf stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet, Ministry of Education, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang,
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet, Ministry of Education, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, College of Animal Science, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
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34
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Li A, Zhang Y, Li C, Deng Q, Fang H, Dai T, Chen C, Wang J, Fan Z, Shi W, Zhao B, Tao Q, Huang R, Li Y, Zhou W, Wu D, Yuan D, Wilson JP, Li Q. Divergent responses of cropland soil organic carbon to warming across the Sichuan Basin of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158323. [PMID: 36037885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cropland soils are considered to have the potential to sequester carbon (C). Warming can increase soil organic C (SOC) by enhancing primary production, but it can also cause carbon release from soils. However, the role of warming in governing cropland SOC dynamics over broad geographic scales remains poorly understood. Using over 4000 soil samples collected in the 1980s and 2010s across the Sichuan Basin of China, this study assessed the warming-induced cropland SOC change and the correlations with precipitation, cropland type and soil type. Results showed mean SOC content increased from 11.10 to 13.85 g C kg-1. Larger SOC increments were observed under drier conditions (precipitation < 1050 mm, dryland and paddy-dryland rotation cropland), which were 1.67-2.23 times higher than under wetter conditions (precipitation > 1050 mm and paddy fields). Despite the significant associations of SOC increment with crop productivity, precipitation, fertilization, cropland type and soil type, warming also acted as one of major contributors to cropland SOC change. The SOC increment changed parabolically with the rise in temperature increase rate under relatively drier conditions, while temperature increase had no impact on cropland SOC increment under wetter conditions. Meanwhile, the patterns of the parabolical relationship varied with soil types in drylands, where the threshold of temperature increase rate, the point at which the SOC increment switched from increasing to decreasing with warming, was lower for clayey soils (Ali-Perudic Argosols) than for sandy soils (Purpli-Udic Cambosols). These results illustrate divergent responses of cropland SOC to warming under different environments, which were contingent on water conditions and soil types. Our findings emphasize the importance of formulating appropriate field water management for sustainable C sequestration and the necessity of incorporating environment-specific mechanisms in Earth system models for better understanding of the soil C-climate feedback in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengji Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianfei Dai
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Green Food Development Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoping Chen
- Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zemeng Fan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenjiao Shi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiding Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Deyong Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dagang Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - John P Wilson
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0374, USA
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Bukombe B, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Cizungu LN, Cooper M, Fiener P, Kidinda LK, Makelele I, Muhindo DI, Rewald B, Verheyen K, Doetterl S. Soil geochemistry - and not topography - as a major driver of carbon allocation, stocks, and dynamics in forests and soils of African tropical montane ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1676-1690. [PMID: 36089827 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of field-based data in the tropics limits our mechanistic understanding of the drivers of net primary productivity (NPP) and allocation. Specifically, the role of local edaphic factors - such as soil parent material and topography controlling soil fertility as well as water and nutrient fluxes - remains unclear and introduces substantial uncertainty in understanding net ecosystem productivity and carbon (C) stocks. Using a combination of vegetation growth monitoring and soil geochemical properties, we found that soil fertility parameters reflecting the local parent material are the main drivers of NPP and C allocation patterns in tropical montane forests, resulting in significant differences in below- to aboveground biomass components across geochemical (soil) regions. Topography did not constrain the variability in C allocation and NPP. Soil organic C stocks showed no relation to C input in tropical forests. Instead, plant C input seemingly exceeded the maximum potential of these soils to stabilize C. We conclude that, even after many millennia of weathering and the presence of deeply developed soils, above- and belowground C allocation in tropical forests, as well as soil C stocks, vary substantially due to the geochemical properties that soils inherit from parent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bukombe
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Landry Ntaboba Cizungu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fiener
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Laurent Kidinda Kidinda
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Iragi Muhindo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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36
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Widespread herbivory cost in tropical nitrogen-fixing tree species. Nature 2022; 612:483-487. [PMID: 36477532 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations suggest that the large carbon sink in mature and recovering forests may be strongly limited by nitrogen1-3. Nitrogen-fixing trees (fixers) in symbiosis with bacteria provide the main natural source of new nitrogen to tropical forests3,4. However, abundances of fixers are tightly constrained5-7, highlighting the fundamental unanswered question of what limits new nitrogen entering tropical ecosystems. Here we examine whether herbivory by animals is responsible for limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical forests. We evaluate whether nitrogen-fixing trees experience more herbivory than other trees, whether herbivory carries a substantial carbon cost, and whether high herbivory is a result of herbivores targeting the nitrogen-rich leaves of fixers8,9. We analysed 1,626 leaves from 350 seedlings of 43 tropical tree species in Panama and found that: (1) although herbivory reduces the growth and survival of all seedlings, nitrogen-fixing trees undergo 26% more herbivory than non-fixers; (2) fixers have 34% higher carbon opportunity costs owing to herbivory than non-fixers, exceeding the metabolic cost of fixing nitrogen; and (3) the high herbivory of fixers is not driven by high leaf nitrogen. Our findings reveal that herbivory may be sufficient to limit tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation and could constrain its role in alleviating nitrogen limitation on the tropical carbon sink.
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Rastetter EB, Kwiatkowski BL, Kicklighter DW, Barker Plotkin A, Genet H, Nippert JB, O'Keefe K, Perakis SS, Porder S, Roley SS, Ruess RW, Thompson JR, Wieder WR, Wilcox K, Yanai RD. N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: Role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2684. [PMID: 35633204 PMCID: PMC10078338 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine responses of 12 ecosystems to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in precipitation. Ecosystems respond synergistically to elevated CO2 , warming, and decreased precipitation combined because higher water-use efficiency with elevated CO2 and higher fertility with warming compensate for responses to drought. Response to elevated CO2 , warming, and increased precipitation combined is additive. We analyze changes in ecosystem carbon (C) based on four nitrogen (N) and four phosphorus (P) attribution factors: (1) changes in total ecosystem N and P, (2) changes in N and P distribution between vegetation and soil, (3) changes in vegetation C:N and C:P ratios, and (4) changes in soil C:N and C:P ratios. In the combined CO2 and climate change simulations, all ecosystems gain C. The contributions of these four attribution factors to changes in ecosystem C storage varies among ecosystems because of differences in the initial distributions of N and P between vegetation and soil and the openness of the ecosystem N and P cycles. The net transfer of N and P from soil to vegetation dominates the C response of forests. For tundra and grasslands, the C gain is also associated with increased soil C:N and C:P. In ecosystems with symbiotic N fixation, C gains resulted from N accumulation. Because of differences in N versus P cycle openness and the distribution of organic matter between vegetation and soil, changes in the N and P attribution factors do not always parallel one another. Differences among ecosystems in C-nutrient interactions and the amount of woody biomass interact to shape ecosystem C sequestration under simulated global change. We suggest that future studies quantify the openness of the N and P cycles and changes in the distribution of C, N, and P among ecosystem components, which currently limit understanding of nutrient effects on C sequestration and responses to elevated CO2 and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helene Genet
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | | | - Kimberly O'Keefe
- Department of Biological SciencesSaint Edward's UniversityAustinTexasUSA
| | - Steven S. Perakis
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Stephen Porder
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute for Environment and Society, Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Sarah S. Roley
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityRichlandWashingtonUSA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichiganUSA
| | - Roger W. Ruess
- Department of Biology and WildlifeInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | | | - William R. Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine ResearchUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Kevin Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Ruth D. Yanai
- Department of Sustainable Resources ManagementSUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Wang C, Hu X, Hu K, Liu S, Zhong W. Impact Assessment of the M s7.0 Earthquake on Jiuzhaigou Valley from the Perspective of Vegetation Net Primary Productivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8875. [PMID: 36433472 PMCID: PMC9693107 DOI: 10.3390/s22228875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the impact of the Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred on 8 August 2017 on vegetation, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model was adopted to estimate the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) of Jiuzhaigou Valley, one of the World Heritage Sites, in July, August and September from 2015 to 2019. Then the characteristics of the impact of different earthquake-induced geohazards on vegetation were discussed, and a vulnerability-resilience assessment system concerning the seismic intensity was proposed. The results show that the NPPmax and NPPmean values in Jiuzhaigou Valley first decreased and then increased and were 151.5-261.9 gC/m2 and 54.6-116.3 gC/m2, respectively. The NPP value of more than 70% area was 90-150 gC/m2 in July. In August, the NPPmean values decreased, and the areas with lower values became larger; the NPPmean values of most areas affected by geohazards were 60-150 gC/m2. During the earthquake, the NPPmean values of areas hit by geohazards sharply declined by 27.2% (landslide), 22.4% (debris flow) and 15.7% (collapse) compared with those in the same month in 2016. Vegetation in debris flow zones showed a stronger recovery, with a maximum NPP value increase of about 23.0% in September 2017. The vegetation gradually recovered after the earthquake, as indicated by the uptrend of the NPP values in the corresponding period in 2018 and 2019. In general, the reduction magnitude of NPP values decreased year by year in comparison to that in 2015 and 2016, and the decrease slowed down after the earthquake. The vulnerability and resilience index corresponding to the three seismic intensity ranges were 0.470-0.669 and 0.642-0.693, respectively, and those of Jiuzhaigou Valley were 0.473 and 0.671, respectively. The impact coefficient defined to represent the impact of the earthquake on NPP was 0.146-0.213. This paper provides a theoretical reference and guidance for the impact assessment of earthquakes on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Kaiheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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López-Blanco E, Langen PL, Williams M, Christensen JH, Boberg F, Langley K, Christensen TR. The future of tundra carbon storage in Greenland - Sensitivity to climate and plant trait changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157385. [PMID: 35870583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous change in observed key indicators such as increasing nitrogen deposition, temperatures and precipitation will have marked but uncertain consequences for the ecosystem carbon (C) sink-source functioning of the Arctic. Here, we use multiple in-situ data streams measured by the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring programme in tight connection with the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model and climate projections from the high-resolution HIRHAM5 regional model. We apply this modelling framework with focus on two climatically different tundra sites in Greenland (Zackenberg and Kobbefjord) to assess how sensitive the net C uptake will expectedly be under warmer and wetter conditions across the 21st century and pin down the relative contribution to the overall C sink strength from climate versus plant trait variability. Our results suggest that temperatures (5-7.7 °C), total precipitation (19-110 %) and vapour pressure deficit will increase (32-36 %), while shortwave radiation will decline (6-9 %) at both sites by 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Such a combined effect will, on average, intensify the net C uptake by 9-10 g C m-2 year-1 at both sites towards the end of 2100, but Zackenberg is expected to have more than twice the C sink strength capacity of Kobbefjord. Our sensitivity analysis not only reveals that plant traits are the most sensitive parameters controlling the net C exchange in both sites at the beginning and end of the century, but also that the projected increase in the net C uptake will likely be similarly influenced by future changes in climate and existing local nutrient conditions. A series of experiments forcing realistic changes in plant nitrogen status at both sites corroborates this hypothesis. This work proves the unique synergy between monitoring data and numerical models to assist robust model calibration/validation and narrow uncertainty ranges and ultimately produce more reliable C cycle projections in understudied regions such as Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Environment and Minerals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Peter L Langen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, iClimate, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mathew Williams
- School of GeoSciences and NCEO, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Tagensvej 16, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838 Bergen, Norway
| | - Fredrik Boberg
- Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsty Langley
- Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Qatserisut 8, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Torben Røjle Christensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Oulanka Research Station, Oulu University, PO Box 8000, 90014, Finland
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40
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Ye X, Chuai X. Carbon sinks/sources' spatiotemporal evolution in China and its response to built-up land expansion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115863. [PMID: 35998538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink examination in China still faces great uncertainties. Determinant analysis has focused on climate change but ignored the influence of fast urban expansion. Using remote sensing images, climate variable data, and high-resolution land use data, this research improved net ecosystem productivity (NEP) simulation model based on a large number of field observations, and investigated spatial-temporal changes of NEP. This research calculated the NEP loss caused by built-up land expansion and used geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between NEP growth and built-up land expansion. The results showed that China contributed a carbon sink of 0.33 Pg C per year from 2000 to 2020. Southern China had a greater capacity to sequester carbon than northern China. The carbon sink capacity of most Chinese regions increased. Built-up land expansion caused 4.95 Tg C of carbon sink loss per year, which was mainly concentrated in eastern China. In GWR model, 50.8% of regions showed negative correlations between NEP growth and built-up land expansion. These two variables were mostly positively correlated in the northwest and negatively correlated in the southeast. Consequently, this study suggests that maintaining the capacity of carbon sinks in southern provinces is important for China to meet its carbon neutrality goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Chuai
- School of Geography & Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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41
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Maschler J, Bialic‐Murphy L, Wan J, Andresen LC, Zohner CM, Reich PB, Lüscher A, Schneider MK, Müller C, Moser G, Dukes JS, Schmidt IK, Bilton MC, Zhu K, Crowther TW. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6115-6134. [PMID: 36069191 PMCID: PMC9825951 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2 ]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short-term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2 ] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long-term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population-scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2 ]-induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2 ] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2 ] from a variety of climatic and land-use-related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2 ] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large-scale modeling can represent the finer-scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maschler
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Joe Wan
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Constantin M. Zohner
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Manuel K. Schneider
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Gerald Moser
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mark C. Bilton
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources SciencesNamibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)WindhoekNamibia
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
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42
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He M, Tang L, Li C, Ren J, Zhang L, Li X. Dynamics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and their relations to hydrothermal variability in dryland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115751. [PMID: 35982576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles of terrestrial ecosystems play key roles in global climate change and ecosystem sustainability. In recent decades, climate change has threatened the nutrient balance of dryland ecosystems. However, its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) in drylands of China are still unclear. In this study, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to explain the relationship between environmental variables used by the best model and SOC or STN. Then Adaptive Boosting Regressor (AdaBoost), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBRT), Extreme gradient boosting Regression (XGBoost) and Random Forest Regression (RF) were used to establish the prediction model of SOC and STN based on soil samples along with environmental variables. The performance of these models was assessed based on a 10-fold cross-validation method using three statistical indicators. Finally, we predicted the SOC and STN of soil samples from 2000 to 2019 based on the best model. Overall, the RF model performed better at predicting SOC and STN in drylands than the other three prediction models (AdaBoost, GBRT, XGBoost). Climate factors were the main factors affecting SOC and STN in the study area. In the Alashan, a dryland in northern China, the precipitation in the growing season increased from 2000 to 2019, at a rate of 12.9 mm/decade. During the same period, the annual sunshine duration significantly decreased by 66 h/decade. Along with interannual hydrothermal variability, SOC showed a fluctuating upward trend at a rate of 0.04 g/kg/decade, while STN exhibited a fluctuating downward trend at 0.003 g/kg/decade from 2000 to 2019. Due to the effects of climate change, dryland were considered as potential sites for carbon sequestration. However, due to the annual hydrothermal variance causing dynamic annual changes, it was deemed unstable. Moreover, it would cause STN loss, which might reduce soil fertility. More attention should be paid to STN monitoring in dryland in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu He
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Liang Tang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Chengyi Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Ren
- Hami Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, 839000, Hami, Xinjiang, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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43
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Wen Z, Jiang Z, Zheng H, Ouyang Z. Tropical forest strata shifts in plant structural diversity-aboveground carbon relationships along altitudinal gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155907. [PMID: 35569650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground carbon storage in forests can be influenced by both structural and compositional diversity of plant communities. However, the relative and interactive effects of structural and compositional diversity on multilevel aboveground carbon storage across forest strata and how these relationships vary with altitude and soil nutrients remain unclear. Using data obtained from 34 tropical forest plots (total area 8.5 ha) in Hainan Island, China, we analyzed the relationships between aboveground carbon at four levels (litter, understory, overstory, and whole-community) with structural diversity (diameter and height diversity) and compositional diversity (species diversity and evenness) in the understory and overstory. The direct and indirect effects of altitude, soil nutrients (total N and total P and N/P ratio), structural diversity, and compositional diversity on aboveground carbon were explored via Bayesian structural equation modeling. The results showed that structural diversity, rather than compositional diversity, in overstory stratum determined aboveground carbon. Specifically, overstory structural diversity was negatively associated with understory carbon, while positively associated with overstory and whole-community carbon. Furthermore, diversity‑carbon relationships were slightly affected by soil nutrients but strongly by altitude. Specifically, the relationship between overstory and whole-community carbon content with overstory tree height diversity weakened with altitude, while their relationship with overstory diameter diversity strengthened. Altitude directly and indirectly affected overstory tree height and diameter diversity through overstory species diversity, thereby reducing understory and increasing overstory and whole-community carbon. Altitude directly promoted litter carbon. We provide evidence that the effects of plant diversity on aboveground carbon storage are forest strata- and altitude-dependent. As overstory structural diversity plays a crucial role in storing aboveground carbon at all altitudes, we proposed that focusing on overstory structural diversity would be promising for predicting trends in how plant diversity affects aboveground carbon in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyang Jiang
- Yinggeling Branch Office, National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Baisha Hainan, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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44
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Luo M, Moorhead DL, Ochoa‐Hueso R, Mueller CW, Ying SC, Chen J. Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Academy of Geography and Ecological Environment Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Daryl L. Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Samantha C. Ying
- Environmental Sciences Department University of California‐ Riverside CA USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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45
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Wang X, Wang R, Gao J. Precipitation and soil nutrients determine the spatial variability of grassland productivity at large scales in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996313. [PMID: 36160972 PMCID: PMC9505511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in net primary productivity (NPP) to global change have been studied, yet the relative impacts of global change on grassland productivity at large scales remain poorly understood. Using 182 grassland samples established in 17 alpine meadows (AM) and 21 desert steppes (DS) in China, we show that NPP of AM was significantly higher than that of DS. NPP increased significantly with increasing leaf nitrogen content (LN) and leaf phosphorus content (LP) but decreased significantly with increasing leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Among all abiotic factors, soil nutrient factor was the dominant factor affecting the variation of NPP of AM, while the NPP of DS was mainly influenced by the changing of precipitation. All abiotic factors accounted for 62.4% of the spatial variation in the NPP of AM, which was higher than the ability to explain the spatial variation in the NPP of DS (43.5%). Leaf traits together with soil nutrients and climatic factors determined the changes of the grassland productivity, but the relative contributions varied somewhat among different grassland types. We quantified the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on grassland NPP, and provided theoretical guidance for predicting the impacts of global change on the NPP of grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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46
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Dong N, Wright IJ, Chen JM, Luo X, Wang H, Keenan TF, Smith NG, Prentice IC. Rising CO 2 and warming reduce global canopy demand for nitrogen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1692-1700. [PMID: 35297050 PMCID: PMC9545159 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limitation has been considered as a constraint on terrestrial carbon uptake in response to rising CO2 and climate change. By extension, it has been suggested that declining carboxylation capacity (Vcmax ) and leaf N content in enhanced-CO2 experiments and satellite records signify increasing N limitation of primary production. We predicted Vcmax using the coordination hypothesis and estimated changes in leaf-level photosynthetic N for 1982-2016 assuming proportionality with leaf-level Vcmax at 25°C. The whole-canopy photosynthetic N was derived using satellite-based leaf area index (LAI) data and an empirical extinction coefficient for Vcmax , and converted to annual N demand using estimated leaf turnover times. The predicted spatial pattern of Vcmax shares key features with an independent reconstruction from remotely sensed leaf chlorophyll content. Predicted leaf photosynthetic N declined by 0.27% yr-1 , while observed leaf (total) N declined by 0.2-0.25% yr-1 . Predicted global canopy N (and N demand) declined from 1996 onwards, despite increasing LAI. Leaf-level responses to rising CO2 , and to a lesser extent temperature, may have reduced the canopy requirement for N by more than rising LAI has increased it. This finding provides an alternative explanation for declining leaf N that does not depend on increasing N limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dong
- Department of Life SciencesGeorgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusAscotSL5 7PYUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Jing M. Chen
- Department of Geography and PlanningUniversity of Toronto100 George StreetTorontoONMS5 3G3Canada
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of GeographyNational University of Singapore1 Arts LinkSingapore117570Singapore
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System ScienceMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModellingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUC BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Nicholas G. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Life SciencesGeorgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusAscotSL5 7PYUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
- Department of Earth System ScienceMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModellingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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47
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De Marco A, Sicard P, Feng Z, Agathokleous E, Alonso R, Araminiene V, Augustatis A, Badea O, Beasley JC, Branquinho C, Bruckman VJ, Collalti A, David‐Schwartz R, Domingos M, Du E, Garcia Gomez H, Hashimoto S, Hoshika Y, Jakovljevic T, McNulty S, Oksanen E, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Prescher A, Saitanis CJ, Sase H, Schmitz A, Voigt G, Watanabe M, Wood MD, Kozlov MV, Paoletti E. Strategic roadmap to assess forest vulnerability under air pollution and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5062-5085. [PMID: 35642454 PMCID: PMC9541114 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is an integral part of global change, most of the research addressing the effects of climate change on forests have overlooked the role of environmental pollution. Similarly, most studies investigating the effects of air pollutants on forests have generally neglected the impacts of climate change. We review the current knowledge on combined air pollution and climate change effects on global forest ecosystems and identify several key research priorities as a roadmap for the future. Specifically, we recommend (1) the establishment of much denser array of monitoring sites, particularly in the South Hemisphere; (2) further integration of ground and satellite monitoring; (3) generation of flux-based standards and critical levels taking into account the sensitivity of dominant forest tree species; (4) long-term monitoring of N, S, P cycles and base cations deposition together at global scale; (5) intensification of experimental studies, addressing the combined effects of different abiotic factors on forests by assuring a better representation of taxonomic and functional diversity across the ~73,000 tree species on Earth; (6) more experimental focus on phenomics and genomics; (7) improved knowledge on key processes regulating the dynamics of radionuclides in forest systems; and (8) development of models integrating air pollution and climate change data from long-term monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMATMadridSpain
| | - Valda Araminiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryKaunasLithuania
| | - Algirdas Augustatis
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and EcologyVytautas Magnus UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- “Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in ForestryVoluntariRomania
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering“Transilvania” UniversityBraşovRomania
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Viktor J. Bruckman
- Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological StudiesAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de BotanicaNucleo de Pesquisa em EcologiaSao PauloBrazil
| | - Enzai Du
- Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Department of Environmental Health EngineeringIndustrial Medial and Health, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO)AhvazIran
| | | | - Costas J. Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Ecological Impact Research DepartmentAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP)NiigataJapan
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine‐WestphaliaRecklinghausenGermany
| | | | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)FuchuJapan
| | - Michael D. Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | | | - Elena Paoletti
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
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48
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Verryckt LT, Goll D, Zaehle S, Bloomfield KJ, Ciais P, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Dusenge ME, Garcia S, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Janssens IA, Kenzo T, Ichie T, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Norby RJ, Reich PB, Rowland L, Santiago LS, Sun Y, Uddling J, Walker AP, Weerasinghe KWLK, van de Weg MJ, Zhang YB, Zhang JL, Wright IJ. Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5005. [PMID: 36008385 PMCID: PMC9411118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements. Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, US
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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49
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Zhou L, Zhou X, He Y, Fu Y, Du Z, Lu M, Sun X, Li C, Lu C, Liu R, Zhou G, Bai SH, Thakur MP. Global systematic review with meta-analysis shows that warming effects on terrestrial plant biomass allocation are influenced by precipitation and mycorrhizal association. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4914. [PMID: 35987902 PMCID: PMC9392739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, our knowledge regarding warming effects on root: shoot ratio (R/S) remains limited. Here, we present a meta-analysis encompassing more than 300 studies and including angiosperms and gymnosperms as well as different biomes (cropland, desert, forest, grassland, tundra, and wetland). The meta-analysis shows that average warming of 2.50 °C (median = 2 °C) significantly increases biomass allocation to roots with a mean increase of 8.1% in R/S. Two factors associate significantly with this response to warming: mean annual precipitation and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated with plants. Warming-induced allocation to roots is greater in drier habitats when compared to shoots (+15.1% in R/S), while lower in wetter habitats (+4.9% in R/S). This R/S pattern is more frequent in plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. These results show that precipitation variability and mycorrhizal association can affect terrestrial carbon dynamics by influencing biomass allocation strategies in a warmer world, suggesting that climate change could influence belowground C sequestration. Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Here, the authors conduct a meta-analysis showing that warming effect on plant root:shoot is influenced by precipitation and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated.
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50
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Braghiere RK, Fisher JB, Allen K, Brzostek E, Shi M, Yang X, Ricciuto DM, Fisher RA, Zhu Q, Phillips RP. Modeling Global Carbon Costs of Plant Nitrogen and Phosphorus Acquisition. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2022MS003204. [PMID: 36245670 PMCID: PMC9539603 DOI: 10.1029/2022ms003204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most Earth system models (ESMs) do not explicitly represent the carbon (C) costs of plant nutrient acquisition, which leads to uncertainty in predictions of the current and future constraints to the land C sink. We integrate a plant productivity-optimizing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition model (fixation & uptake of nutrients, FUN) into the energy exascale Earth system (E3SM) land model (ELM). Global plant N and P uptake are dynamically simulated by ELM-FUN based on the C costs of nutrient acquisition from mycorrhizae, direct root uptake, retranslocation from senescing leaves, and biological N fixation. We benchmarked ELM-FUN with three classes of products: ILAMB, a remotely sensed nutrient limitation product, and CMIP6 models; we found significant improvements in C cycle variables, although the lack of more observed nutrient data prevents a comprehensive level of benchmarking. Overall, we found N and P co-limitation for 80% of land area, with the remaining 20% being either predominantly N or P limited. Globally, the new model predicts that plants invested 4.1 Pg C yr-1 to acquire 841.8 Tg N yr-1 and 48.1 Tg P yr-1 (1994-2005), leading to significant downregulation of global net primary production (NPP). Global NPP is reduced by 20% with C costs of N and 50% with C costs of NP. Modeled and observed nutrient limitation agreement increases when N and P are considered together (r 2 from 0.73 to 0.83).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Braghiere
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. B. Fisher
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUSA
| | - K. Allen
- Manaaki Whenua—Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | - E. Brzostek
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA
| | - M. Shi
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - X. Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - D. M. Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - R. A. Fisher
- Center for International Climate ResearchOsloNorway
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité BiologiqueCNRS:UMRUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Q. Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionClimate Sciences DepartmentLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
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