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Sun Q, Güven B, Wagg CS, Almeida de Oliveira A, Silver H, Zhang L, Chen B, Wei K, Ketema EB, Karwi QG, Persad KL, Vu J, Wang F, Dyck JRB, Oudit GY, Lopaschuk GD. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is the major source of cardiac adenosine triphosphate production in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:360-371. [PMID: 38193548 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent disease worldwide. While it is well established that alterations of cardiac energy metabolism contribute to cardiovascular pathology, the precise source of fuel used by the heart in HFpEF remains unclear. The objective of this study was to define the energy metabolic profile of the heart in HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to a '2-Hit' HFpEF protocol [60% high-fat diet (HFD) + 0.5 g/L of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester]. Echocardiography and pressure-volume loop analysis were used for assessing cardiac function and cardiac haemodynamics, respectively. Isolated working hearts were perfused with radiolabelled energy substrates to directly measure rates of fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, ketone oxidation, and glycolysis. HFpEF mice exhibited increased body weight, glucose intolerance, elevated blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. In HFpEF hearts, insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation was significantly suppressed. This was paralleled by an increase in fatty acid oxidation rates, while cardiac ketone oxidation and glycolysis rates were comparable with healthy control hearts. The balance between glucose and fatty acid oxidation contributing to overall adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production was disrupted, where HFpEF hearts were more reliant on fatty acid as the major source of fuel for ATP production, compensating for the decrease of ATP originating from glucose oxidation. Additionally, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase levels decreased in both HFpEF mice and human patient's heart samples. CONCLUSION In HFpEF, fatty acid oxidation dominates as the major source of cardiac ATP production at the expense of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Berna Güven
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heidi Silver
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brandon Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kaleigh Wei
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada
| | - Kaya L Persad
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennie Vu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Faqi Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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2
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Sargsyan N, Chen JY, Aggarwal R, Fadel MG, Fehervari M, Ashrafian H. The effects of bariatric surgery on cardiac function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:166-176. [PMID: 38007595 PMCID: PMC10824663 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with alterations in cardiac structure and haemodynamics leading to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Culminating evidence suggests improvement of cardiac structure and function following bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and function in patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting pre- and postoperative cardiac structure and function parameters on cardiac imaging in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS Eighty studies of 3332 patients were included. Bariatric surgery is associated with a statistically significant improvement in cardiac geometry and function including a decrease of 12.2% (95% CI 0.096-0.149; p < 0.001) in left ventricular (LV) mass index, an increase of 0.155 (95% CI 0.106-0.205; p < 0.001) in E/A ratio, a decrease of 2.012 mm (95% CI 1.356-2.699; p < 0.001) in left atrial diameter, a decrease of 1.16 mm (95% CI 0.62-1.69; p < 0.001) in LV diastolic dimension, and an increase of 1.636% (95% CI 0.706-2.566; p < 0.001) in LV ejection fraction after surgery. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery led to reverse remodelling and improvement in cardiac geometry and function driven by metabolic and haemodynamic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narek Sargsyan
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Jun Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ravi Aggarwal
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael G Fadel
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matyas Fehervari
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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3
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Zhi F, Zhang Q, Liu L, Chang X, Xu H. Novel insights into the role of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms and potential treatments. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:641-655. [PMID: 37405612 PMCID: PMC10746653 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy describes decreased myocardial function in diabetic patients in the absence of other heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia and hypertension. Recent studies have defined numerous molecular interactions and signaling events that may account for deleterious changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions influenced by hyperglycemic stress. A metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation to fuel ATP synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative injury resulting from increased mitochondrial ROS production and decreased antioxidant capacity, enhanced mitochondrial fission and defective mitochondrial fusion, impaired mitophagy, and blunted mitochondrial biogenesis are major signatures of mitochondrial pathologies during diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review describes the molecular alterations underlying mitochondrial abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia and discusses their influence on cardiomyocyte viability and function. Based on basic research findings and clinical evidence, diabetic treatment standards and their impact on mitochondrial function, as well as mitochondria-targeted therapies of potential benefit for diabetic cardiomyopathy patients, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zhi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hongtao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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4
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Borlaug BA, Jensen MD, Kitzman DW, Lam CSP, Obokata M, Rider OJ. Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: new insights and pathophysiological targets. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3434-3450. [PMID: 35880317 PMCID: PMC10202444 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent two intermingling epidemics driving perhaps the greatest unmet health problem in cardiovascular medicine in the 21st century. Many patients with HFpEF are either overweight or obese, and recent data have shown that increased body fat and its attendant metabolic sequelae have widespread, protean effects systemically and on the cardiovascular system leading to symptomatic HFpEF. The paucity of effective therapies in HFpEF underscores the importance of understanding the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of obese HFpEF to develop novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular features of the obese phenotype of HFpEF, how increased adiposity might pathophysiologically contribute to the phenotype, and how these processes might be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Huang S, Lan Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhou Z. The Early Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiac Structure and Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:453-468. [PMID: 36508155 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was performed to investigate how cardiac structures and functions change in the very early stage after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We thoroughly searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for articles including patients who underwent bariatric surgery and examined the changes of their cardiac indices. Results were pooled by using Review Manager 5.1 and Stata 12.0. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. The I-squared (I2) test was used to determine the heterogeneity between studies. To identify publication bias, funnel plots and Egger's test were utilized. The leave-one-out method was used to conduct sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, 24 research including 942 patients were considered. According to our findings, most cardiac indices changed 3-6 months following bariatric surgery. An improvement in cardiac geometry was reflected by a reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM) (WMD = - 22.06, 95% CI = (- 27.97, - 16.16)). The left ventricular diastolic function improved, as reflected by the decrease in the E/e' ratio (WMD = - 0.90, 95% CI = (- 1.83, - 0.16)). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) did not show an obvious change (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI = (- 0.19, 2.07)), while a more sensitive indicator of left ventricular systolic function, left ventricular longitudinal strain (LV LS), increased (WMD = - 2.43, 95% CI = (- 3.96, - 0.89)). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis includes the newest and most comprehensive cardiac indices to prove that cardiac structures and functions are improved early after bariatric surgery, which has not been reported by any other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanya Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Lan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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6
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Esparham A, Shoar S, Kheradmand HR, Ahmadyar S, Dalili A, Rezapanah A, Zandbaf T, Khorgami Z. The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiac Structure, and Systolic and Diastolic Function in Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:345-361. [PMID: 36469205 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide pooled data from all studies on the impact of bariatric surgery on cardiac structure, and systolic and diastolic function evaluated by either echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Almost all of cardiac left-side structural indices improved significantly after bariatric surgery. However, right-side structural indices did not change significantly. Left ventricular ejection fraction and most of the diastolic function indices improved significantly after the bariatric surgery. The subgroup analysis showed that the left ventricular mass index decreased more in long-term follow-up (≥ 12 months). In addition, subgroup analysis of studies based on surgery type did not reveal any difference in outcomes between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esparham
- Student Research Committee, College of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Shoar
- Department of Clinical Research, ScientificWriting Corp, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Kheradmand
- Student Research Committee, College of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Ahmadyar
- Student Research Committee, College of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Dalili
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezapanah
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tooraj Zandbaf
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhamak Khorgami
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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7
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Ding H, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Liu C, Li B, Dong S, Li L, Zhu J, Zhong M, Zhang G. Bariatric surgery for diabetic comorbidities: A focus on hepatic, cardiac and renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1016635. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1016635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractPharmacological treatment and mechanisms of bariatric surgery for diabetic comorbidities.
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8
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Haidar A, Taegtmeyer H. Strategies for Imaging Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart in Obesity and Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:327-335. [PMID: 35107704 PMCID: PMC9074778 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Define early myocardial metabolic changes among patients with obesity and heart failure, and to describe noninvasive methods and their applications for imaging cardiac metabolic remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic remodeling precedes, triggers, and sustains functional and structural remodeling in the stressed heart. Alterations in cardiac metabolism can be assessed by using a variety of molecular probes. The glucose tracer analog, 18F-FDG, and the labeled tracer 11C-palmitate are still the most commonly used tracers to assess glucose and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. The development of new tracer analogs and imaging agents, including those targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), provides new opportunities for imaging metabolic activities at a molecular level. While the use of cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the clinical setting is limited to the assessment of intramyocardial and epicardial fat, new technical improvements are likely to increase its usage in the setting of heart failure. Noninvasive imaging methods are an effective tool for the serial assessment of alterations in cardiac metabolism, either during disease progression, or in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amier Haidar
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Total ceramide levels in cardiac tissue relate to cardiac dysfunction in animal models. However, emerging evidence suggests that the fatty acyl chain length of ceramides also impacts their relationship to cardiac function. This review explores evidence regarding the relationship between ceramides and left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. It further explores possible mechanisms underlying these relationships. RECENT FINDINGS In large, community-based cohorts, a higher ratio of specific plasma ceramides, C16 : 0/C24 : 0, related to worse left ventricular dysfunction. Increased left ventricular mass correlated with plasma C16 : 0/C24 : 0, but this relationship became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Decreased left atrial function and increased left atrial size also related to C16 : 0/C24 : 0. Furthermore, increased incident heart failure, overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality were associated with higher C16 : 0/C24 : 0 (or lower C24 : 0/C16 : 0). Finally, a number of possible biological mechanisms are outlined supporting the link between C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides, ceramide signalling and CVD. SUMMARY High cardiac levels of total ceramides are noted in heart failure. In the plasma, C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides may be a valuable biomarker of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction, remodelling, heart failure and mortality. Continued exploration of the mechanisms underlying these profound relationships may help develop specific lipid modulators to combat cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Valene Garr-Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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10
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Hu X, Wu P, Liu B, Lang Y, Li T. RNA-binding protein CELF1 promotes cardiac hypertrophy via interaction with PEBP1 in cardiomyocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:111-121. [PMID: 34669021 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is considered as a common pathophysiological process in various cardiovascular diseases. CUG triplet repeat-binding protein 1 (CELF1) is an RNA-binding protein that has been shown to be an important post-transcription regulator and involved in several types of cancer, whereas its role in cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Herein, we found that the expression of CELF1 was significantly increased in pressure overload-induced hypertrophic hearts and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced neonatal cardiomyocytes. Based on transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy model, CELF1 deficiency markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Accordingly, CELF1 deficiency alleviated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis of neonatal cardiomyocytes via inhibition of Raf1, TAK1, ERK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, depletion or overexpression of CELF1 negatively regulated the protein expression of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), while the mRNA expression of PEBP1 remained unchanged. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that CELF1 directly interacted with PEBP1 mRNA. Biotin pull-down analysis and dual-luciferase assay showed that CELF1 directly bound to the fragment 1 within 3'UTR of PEBP1. Moreover, knockdown of PEBP1 partially enhanced the production of ROS and apoptosis of neonatal cardiomyocytes inhibited by CELF1 deficiency. In conclusion, CELF1 binds to the 3'UTR of PEBP1 and acts as an endogenous activator of MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of CELF1 attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thus could be a potential therapeutic strategy of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Bojiang Liu
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yuheng Lang
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Tong Li
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Tianjin, 300170, China.
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11
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Bini J, Norcross M, Cheung M, Duffy A. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Bariatric Surgery Research: a Review. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4592-4606. [PMID: 34304378 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, initially understood as restricting or bypassing the amount of food that reaches the stomach to reduce food intake and/or increase malabsorption of food to promote weight loss, is now recognized to also affect incretin signaling in the gut and promote improvements in system-wide metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique whereby patients are injected with picomolar concentrations of radioactive molecules, below the threshold of having physiological effects, to measure spatial distributions of blood flow, metabolism, receptor, and enzyme pharmacology. Recent advances in both whole-body PET imaging and radioligand development will allow for novel research that may help clarify the roles of peripheral and central receptor/enzyme systems in treating obesity with bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maija Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Duffy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Albaugh VL, Kindel TL, Nissen SE, Aminian A. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Surg Clin North Am 2021; 101:269-294. [PMID: 33743969 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, with worsening pandemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity as major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Clinical trials of nonsurgical obesity treatments have not shown benefits in CVD, although recent diabetes trials have demonstrated major CV benefits. In many retrospective and prospective cohort studies, however, metabolic (bariatric) surgery is associated with substantial and reproducible CVD benefits. Despite a lack of prospective, randomized clinical trials, data suggest metabolic surgery may be the most effective modality for CVD risk reduction, likely through weight loss and weight loss-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Steven E Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ali Aminian
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, M61, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Jia W, Bai T, Zeng J, Niu Z, Fan D, Xu X, Luo M, Wang P, Zou Q, Dai X. Combined Administration of Metformin and Atorvastatin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634900. [PMID: 33718370 PMCID: PMC7945946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, may eventually leads to irreversible heart failure. Metformin is the cornerstone of diabetes therapy, especially for type 2 diabetes. Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the combined administration of metformin and atorvastatin could achieve superior protective effects on DCM and to elucidate its molecular mechanism. Here, db/db mice (9–10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups, including sterile water group (DM), metformin group (MET, 200 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin group (AVS, 10 mg/kg/day), and combination therapy group (MET + AVS). Mice were treated with different drugs via gavage once per day for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, the pathological changes (inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress makers) were detected by histopathological techniques, as well as Western blotting. The H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with palmitate (PAL) to mimic diabetic condition. The cells were divided into control group, PAL treatment group, MET + PAL treatment group, AVS + PAL treatment group, and MET + AVS + PAL treatment group. The effects of MET and AVS on the cell viability and inflammation of H9C2 cells subjected to PAL condition were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Both MET and AVS prevented diabetes-induced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. The combination therapy showed superior effects in protecting myocardial tissue against diabetes-induced injury. Mechanistically, the combination therapy significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, e.g., NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and P-p65/p65, in both cardiac tissues and H9C2 cells. TUNEL assay showed that the combination therapy significantly attenuated the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; decreased the expression level of pro-apoptotic-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and BAX; and enhanced the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Furthermore, the combination therapy remarkably upregulated the expression levels of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1. Our findings indicated that the anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects of the combination therapy may be related to activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Niu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Daogui Fan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Luo
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingliang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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15
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Liu Y, Guo P, Zhan D, Fu L, Yu J, Yang H. Improvement of left ventricular systolic function in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24309. [PMID: 33578526 PMCID: PMC10545082 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morbid obesity (body mass index > 40 kg/m2) is a risk factor for the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and can complicate the management of LVSD. Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognized as a safe and effective way to achieve marked weight loss, but studies on improving LVSD populations are limited. We retrospectively analyzed the first case of the Asia-Pacific region with morbid obesity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% who underwent bariatric surgery at our medical center. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient was admitted to the hospital due to progressive weight gain for more than 10 years. The patient used to be in good health. One year before admission, the patient was hospitalized in another hospital due to shortness of breath. After the relevant examination, the patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. DIAGNOSIS The body mass index of the patient was 45.9 kg/m2, and the patient was diagnosed with morbid obesity. He was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac function class IV in another hospital. After completing a preoperative examination, the patient was diagnosed with hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease and severe sleep apnea. INTERVENTIONS The patient successfully underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy plus jejunal bypass. OUTCOMES Six months after the surgery, patient weight lost was 33.6 kg, and the LVEF increased from 31% to 55%. The cardiac function of the patient recovered from class IV to class I, and the patient's hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and sleep apnea were significantly improved. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery may be a safe and effective intervention for morbidly obese patients with LVSD. Bariatric surgery was associated with an improvement in LVEF. However, the specific mechanism still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Obesity and Metabolism Center, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Pengsen Guo
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dafang Zhan
- Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Obesity and Metabolism Center, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Luo Fu
- Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Obesity and Metabolism Center, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Obesity and Metabolism Center, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Huawu Yang
- Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University Obesity and Metabolism Center, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu
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16
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Gropler RJ. Imaging Myocardial Metabolism. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Peterson LR, Jiang X, Chen L, Goldberg AC, Farmer MS, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Alterations in plasma triglycerides and ceramides: links with cardiac function in humans with type 2 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1065-1074. [PMID: 32393551 PMCID: PMC7328042 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction in T2D is associated with excessive FA uptake, oxidation, and generation of toxic lipid species by the heart. It is not known whether decreasing lipid delivery to the heart can effect improvement in cardiac function in humans with T2D. Thus, our objective was to test the hypothesis that lowering lipid delivery to the heart would result in evidence of decreased "lipotoxicity," improved cardiac function, and salutary effects on plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Thus, we performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel design study of the effects of 12 weeks of fenofibrate-induced lipid lowering on cardiac function, inflammation, and oxidation biomarkers, and on the ratio of two plasma ceramides, Cer d18:1 (4E) (1OH, 3OH)/24:0 and Cer d18:1 (4E) (1OH, 3OH)/16:0 (i.e., "C24:0/C16:0"), which is associated with decreased risk of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Fenofibrate lowered plasma TG and cholesterol but did not improve heart systolic or diastolic function. Fenofibrate treatment lowered the plasma C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratio and minimally altered oxidative stress markers but did not alter measures of inflammation. Overall, plasma TG lowering correlated with improvement of cardiac relaxation (diastolic function) as measured by tissue Doppler-derived parameter e'. Moreover, lowering the plasma C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratio was correlated with worse diastolic function. These findings indicate that fenofibrate treatment per se is not sufficient to effect changes in cardiac function; however, decreases in plasma TG may be linked to improved diastolic function. In contrast, decreases in plasma C24:0/C16:0 are linked with worsening cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110. mailto:
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anne C Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marsha S Farmer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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18
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Hemodynamic Adaptations Induced by Short-Term Run Interval Training in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134636. [PMID: 32605106 PMCID: PMC7369875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceived lack of time is one of the most often cited barriers to exercise participation. High intensity interval training has become a popular training modality that incorporates intervals of maximal and low-intensity exercise with a time commitment usually shorter than 30 min. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term run interval training (RIT) on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory responses in undergraduate college students. Nineteen males (21.5 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to a non-exercise control (CON, n = 10) or RIT (n = 9). Baseline measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate (HRrest), double product (DP) and BC were obtained from both groups. VO2max and running speed associated with VO2peak (sVO2peak) were then measured. RIT consisted of three running treadmill sessions per week over 4 weeks (intervals at 100% sVO2peak, recovery periods at 40% sVO2peak). There were no differences in post-training BC or VO2max between groups (p > 0.05). HRrest (p = 0.006) and DP (p ≤ 0.001) were lower in the RIT group compared to CON at completion of the study. RIT lowered HRrest and DP in the absence of appreciable BC and VO2max changes. Thereby, RIT could be an alternative model of training to diminish health-related risk factors in undergraduate college students.
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Sörensen J, Harms HJ, Aalen JM, Baron T, Smiseth OA, Flachskampf FA. Myocardial Efficiency: A Fundamental Physiological Concept on the Verge of Clinical Impact. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 13:1564-1576. [PMID: 31864979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial external efficiency is the relation of mechanical energy generated by the left (or right) ventricle to the consumed chemical energy from aerobic metabolism. Efficiency can be calculated invasively, and, more importantly, noninvasively by using positron emission tomography, providing a single parameter by which to judge the adequacy of myocardial metabolism to generated mechanical output. This parameter has been found to be impaired in heart failure of myocardial or valvular etiology, and it changes in a characteristic manner with medical or interventional cardiac therapy. The authors discuss the concept, strengths, and limitations, known applications, and future perspectives of the use of myocardial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Sörensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Johannes Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John M Aalen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Baron
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Otto Armin Smiseth
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Uppsala University and Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Sanches E, Timmermans M, Topal B, Celik A, Sundbom M, Ribeiro R, Parmar C, Ugale S, Proczko M, Stepaniak PS, Pujol Rafols J, Mahawar K, Buise MP, Neimark A, Severin R, Pouwels S. Cardiac remodeling in obesity and after bariatric and metabolic surgery; is there a role for gastro-intestinal hormones? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:771-790. [PMID: 31746657 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1690991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It affects several organ systems, including the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Furthermore, it induces pulmonary and cardiac changes that can result in right and/or left heart failure.Areas covered: In this review, authors provide an overview of obesity and cardiovascular remodeling, the individual actions of the gut hormones (like GLP-1 and PYY), the effects after bariatric/metabolic surgery and its influence on cardiac remodeling. In this review, we focussed and searched for literature in Pubmed and The Cochrane library (from the earliest date until April 2019), regarding cardiac function changes before and after bariatric surgery and literature regarding changes in gastrointestinal hormones.Expert opinion: Regarding the surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases there is recognition of the importance of both weight loss (bariatric surgery) and improvement in metabolic milieu (metabolic surgery). A growing body of evidence further suggests that bariatric surgical procedures [like the Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), or One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)] have can improve outcomes of patients suffering from a number of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Sanches
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Timmermans
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Besir Topal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alper Celik
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Turkey
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centro Multidisciplinar da Doença Metabólica, Clínica de Santo António, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - Surendra Ugale
- Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Kirloskar Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Gdansk University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pieter S Stepaniak
- Department of Operating Rooms, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kamal Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - Marc P Buise
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Neimark
- Department of Surgery, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rich Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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21
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Madigan MJ, Racette SB, Coggan AR, Stein RI, McCue LM, Gropler RJ, Peterson LR. Weight Loss Affects Intramyocardial Glucose Metabolism in Obese Humans. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:e009241. [PMID: 31352791 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.119.009241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Madigan
- Department of Medicine (S.B.R., M.J.M., R.I.S., R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
| | - Susan B Racette
- Department of Medicine (S.B.R., M.J.M., R.I.S., R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO.,Program in Physical Therapy (S.B.R.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis (A.R.C.)
| | - Richard I Stein
- Department of Medicine (S.B.R., M.J.M., R.I.S., R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
| | - Lena M McCue
- Division of Biostatistics (L.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Medicine (S.B.R., M.J.M., R.I.S., R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO.,Department of Radiology (R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine (S.B.R., M.J.M., R.I.S., R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO.,Department of Radiology (R.J.G., L.R.P.), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), St. Louis, MO
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22
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Lascaris B, Pouwels S, Houthuizen P, Dekker LR, Nienhuijs SW, Bouwman RA, Buise MP. Cardiac structure and function before and after bariatric surgery: a clinical overview. Clin Obes 2018; 8:434-443. [PMID: 30208261 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 , is the most common chronic metabolic disease worldwide and its prevalence has been strongly increasing. Obesity has deleterious effects on cardiac function. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of obesity and excessive weight loss due to bariatric surgery on cardiac function, structural changes and haemodynamic responses of both the left and right ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lascaris
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S Pouwels
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Houthuizen
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L R Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S W Nienhuijs
- Department of Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Bouwman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M P Buise
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, expending independent adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This relationship is complex due to several associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors/markers such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance/dysglycemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity induces a variety of cardiovascular system structural adaptations, from subclinical myocardial dysfunction to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure. Abnormalities in cardiac metabolism and subsequent cardiac energy, have been proposed as major contributors to obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Ectopic fat depots play an important role in several of the hypotheses postulated to explain the association between obesity, cardiac metabolism and cardiac dysfunction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we addressed with contemporary studies how obesity-associated metabolic conditions and ectopic cardiac fat accumulation, translate into cardiac energy metabolism disturbances that may lead to adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. EXPERT COMMENTARY Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation has long been related to metabolic diseases and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent imaging advances have just started to address the complex interplays between obesity, ectopic fat depots, cardiac metabolism and the risk of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A better comprehension of these obesity-associated metabolic disturbances will lead to earlier detection of patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and to the development of novel therapeutic metabolic targets to treat a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Piché
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- b Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- a Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
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Karwi QG, Uddin GM, Ho KL, Lopaschuk GD. Loss of Metabolic Flexibility in the Failing Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:68. [PMID: 29928647 PMCID: PMC5997788 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain its high energy demand the heart is equipped with a highly complex and efficient enzymatic machinery that orchestrates ATP production using multiple energy substrates, namely fatty acids, carbohydrates (glucose and lactate), ketones and amino acids. The contribution of these individual substrates to ATP production can dramatically change, depending on such variables as substrate availability, hormonal status and energy demand. This "metabolic flexibility" is a remarkable virtue of the heart, which allows utilization of different energy substrates at different rates to maintain contractile function. In heart failure, cardiac function is reduced, which is accompanied by discernible energy metabolism perturbations and impaired metabolic flexibility. While it is generally agreed that overall mitochondrial ATP production is impaired in the failing heart, there is less consensus as to what actual switches in energy substrate preference occur. The failing heart shift toward a greater reliance on glycolysis and ketone body oxidation as a source of energy, with a decrease in the contribution of glucose oxidation to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The heart also becomes insulin resistant. However, there is less consensus as to what happens to fatty acid oxidation in heart failure. While it is generally believed that fatty acid oxidation decreases, a number of clinical and experimental studies suggest that fatty acid oxidation is either not changed or is increased in heart failure. Of importance, is that any metabolic shift that does occur has the potential to aggravate cardiac dysfunction and the progression of the heart failure. An increasing body of evidence shows that increasing cardiac ATP production and/or modulating cardiac energy substrate preference positively correlates with heart function and can lead to better outcomes. This includes increasing glucose and ketone oxidation and decreasing fatty acid oxidation. In this review we present the physiology of the energy metabolism pathways in the heart and the changes that occur in these pathways in heart failure. We also look at the interventions which are aimed at manipulating the myocardial metabolic pathways toward more efficient substrate utilization which will eventually improve cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Hannukainen JC, Lautamäki R, Pärkkä J, Strandberg M, Saunavaara V, Hurme S, Soinio M, Dadson P, Virtanen KA, Grönroos T, Forsback S, Salminen P, Iozzo P, Nuutila P. Reversibility of myocardial metabolism and remodelling in morbidly obese patients 6 months after bariatric surgery. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:963-973. [PMID: 29206339 PMCID: PMC5888194 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study myocardial substrate uptake, structure and function, before and after bariatric surgery, to clarify the interaction between myocardial metabolism and cardiac remodelling in morbid obesity. METHODS We studied 46 obese patients (age 44 ± 10 years, body mass index [BMI] 42 ± 4 kg/m2 ), including 18 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before and 6 months after bariatric surgery and 25 healthy age-matched control group subjects. Myocardial fasting free fatty acid uptake (MFAU) and insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) were measured using positron-emission tomography. Myocardial structure and function, and myocardial triglyceride content (MTGC) and intrathoracic fat were measured using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The morbidly obese study participants, with or without T2D, had cardiac hypertrophy, impaired myocardial function and substrate metabolism compared with the control group. Surgery led to marked weight reduction and remission of T2D in most of the participants. Postoperatively, myocardial function and structure improved and myocardial substrate metabolism normalized. Intrathoracic fat, but not MTGC, was reduced. Before surgery, BMI and MFAU correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy, and BMI, age and intrathoracic fat mass were the main variables associated with cardiac function. The improvement in whole-body insulin sensitivity correlated positively with the increase in MGU and the decrease in MFAU. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, obesity and age, rather than myocardial substrate uptake, were the causes of cardiac remodelling in morbidly obese patients with or without T2D. Cardiac remodelling and impaired myocardial substrate metabolism are reversible after surgically induced weight loss and amelioration of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jussi Pärkkä
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Saija Hurme
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Minna Soinio
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Tove Grönroos
- Turku PET CentreÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Paulina Salminen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Department of Digestive SurgeryTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research CouncilPisaItaly
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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27
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Contemporary Advances in Myocardial Metabolic Imaging and Their Impact on Clinical Care: a Focus on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-018-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Mikhalkova D, Holman SR, Jiang H, Saghir M, Novak E, Coggan AR, O'Connor R, Bashir A, Jamal A, Ory DS, Schaffer JE, Eagon JC, Peterson LR. Bariatric Surgery-Induced Cardiac and Lipidomic Changes in Obesity-Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:284-290. [PMID: 29243396 PMCID: PMC5783730 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of gastric bypass on myocardial lipid deposition and function and the plasma lipidome in women with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS A primary cohort (N = 12) with HFpEF and obesity underwent echocardiography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy both before and 3 months and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Plasma lipidomic analysis was performed before surgery and 3 months after surgery in the primary cohort and were confirmed in a validation cohort (N = 22). RESULTS After surgery-induced weight loss, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire scores, cardiac mass, and liver fat decreased (P < 0.02, P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively); echo-derived e' increased (P = 0.03), but cardiac fat was unchanged. Although weight loss was associated with decreases in many plasma ceramide and sphingolipid species, plasma lipid and cardiac function changes did not correlate. CONCLUSIONS Surgery-induced weight loss in women with HFpEF and obesity was associated with improved symptoms, reverse cardiac remodeling, and improved relaxation. Although weight loss was associated with plasma sphingolipidome changes, cardiac function improvement was not associated with lipidomic or myocardial triglyceride changes. The results of this study suggest that gastric bypass ameliorates obesity-related HFpEF and that cardiac fat deposition and lipidomic changes may not be critical to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Mikhalkova
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sujata R Holman
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mohammed Saghir
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric Novak
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adil Bashir
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Jamal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J Christopher Eagon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Pouwels S, Lascaris B, Nienhuijs SW, Bouwman AR, Buise MP. Short-Term Changes in Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Response to Bariatric Surgery and Weight Loss Using the Nexfin® Non-invasive Continuous Monitoring Device: a Pilot Study. Obes Surg 2018; 27:1835-1841. [PMID: 28138898 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to healthy individuals, obese have significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular hemodynamic changes before and 3 months after bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients scheduled for bariatric surgery between the 29th of September 2016 and 24th of March 2016 were included and compared with 24 healthy individuals. Hemodynamic measurements were performed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery, using the Nexfin® non-invasive continuous hemodynamic monitoring device (Edwards Lifesciences/BMEYE B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands). RESULTS Eighty subjects were included in this study, respectively, 56 obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery and 24 healthy individuals. Baseline hemodynamic measurements showed significant differences in cardiac output (6.5 ± 1.6 versus 5.7 ± 1.6 l/min, p = 0.046), mean arterial pressure (107 ± 19 versus 89 ± 11 mmHg, p = 0.001), systolic (134 ± 24 versus 116 ± 18 mmHg, p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (89 ± 17 versus 74 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0.001), and heart rate (87 ± 12 versus 76 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.02) between obese and healthy subjects. Three months after surgery, significant changes occurred in mean arterial pressure (89 ± 17 mmHg, p = 0.001), systolic (117 ± 24 mmHg, p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (71 ± 15 mmHg, p = 0.001), stroke volume (82.2 ± 22.4 ml, p = 0.03), and heart rate (79 ± 17 bpm, p = 0.02) CONCLUSIONS: Three months after bariatric surgery, significant improvements occur in hemodynamic variables except cardiac output and cardiac index, in the patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, P.O. Box 1350, 5602, ZA, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bianca Lascaris
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon W Nienhuijs
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, P.O. Box 1350, 5602, ZA, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur R Bouwman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P Buise
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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Racil G, Elmontassar W, Rommene I, Tourny C, Chaouachi A, Coquart JB. Benefits of a regular vs irregular rhythm-based training programme on physical fitness and motor skills in obese girls. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1227-1234. [PMID: 28528435 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of a physical exercise programme including rhythmic elements (regular and irregular tempos) on physiological variables, motor skills (MS), and jump performances in obese girls. METHODS Thirty-six obese girls (age: 10.4 ± 0.9 years, body mass: 58.7 ± 4.0 kg, height: 1.37 ± 0.04 m, body mass index: 31.2 ± 2.1) participated in three weekly physical exercise sessions for 6 weeks, with each session consisting of basic fundamental locomotor movements. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). CG performed the exercise in a quiet setting (i.e., without rhythmic accompaniment), whereas regular and irregular rhythmic accompaniments were prescribed in EG. The physical exercise programme included three sessions per week for 6 weeks. Each session was composed of three parts: 15 min of warm-up, followed by 40 min of exercises based on basic locomotor movements (i.e., running, hopping, skipping, jumping, leaping, sliding, galloping, throwing, catching, kicking, dribbling, and striking) and then 5 min of stretching. Each exercise was demonstrated by the teacher. Before and after the intervention period, cardiovascular measures (i.e., resting blood pressures, recovery for heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and recovery rate-pressure product) were made and five MS (i.e., running, hopping, leaping, jumping and dribbling) were evaluated in two conditions (i.e., during exercise with regular and irregular tempos). Moreover, performances on vertical jump tests (squat and countermovement jump tests) were measured. RESULTS EG exhibited greater improvement in MS with a regular tempo (and sometimes an irregular tempo), cardiovascular components, and jump performances. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that physical exercise at various tempos is useful for improving physical fitness, developing MS, and thus probably preventing obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wassim Elmontassar
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Applied to Orthopedics, National Institute of Orthopedics, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rommene
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Claire Tourny
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre d'Etudes des Transformations par les Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint Aignan, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jeremy B Coquart
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre d'Etudes des Transformations par les Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint Aignan, France
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31
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Kindel TL, Strande JL. Bariatric surgery as a treatment for heart failure: review of the literature and potential mechanisms. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 14:117-122. [PMID: 29108893 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure due to severe obesity is a complex disease due to multiple mechanisms, including increased body mass, inflammation, and impaired cardiac metabolism that is complicated by obesity-associated co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. Bariatric surgery significantly improves cardiac geometry, function, and symptoms related to obesity cardiomyopathy. There is a consistently positive impact of bariatric surgery on diastolic function with the potential to significantly improve systolic function as measured by ejection fraction in patients with advanced heart failure. For end-stage heart failure patients, including those requiring mechanical circulatory support who are ineligible for organ transplant due to morbid obesity, bariatric surgery has been successfully used for weight loss as a bridge to cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Vest
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Ayan R Patel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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33
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Metabolic Modulators in Heart Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Can J Cardiol 2016; 33:838-849. [PMID: 28279520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and heart failure are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. They continue to be major burden on health care systems throughout the world, despite major advances made over the past 40 years in developing new therapeutic approaches to treat these debilitating diseases. A potential therapeutic approach that has been underutilized in treating ischemic heart disease and heart failure is "metabolic modulation." Major alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism occur in ischemic heart disease and heart failure, and are associated with an energy deficit in the heart. A metabolic shift from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolysis, as well as an uncoupling between glycolysis and glucose oxidation, plays a crucial role in the development of cardiac inefficiency (oxygen consumed per work performed) and functional impairment in ischemic heart disease as well as in heart failure. This has led to the concept that optimizing energy substrate use with metabolic modulators can be a potentially promising approach to decrease the severity of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, primarily by improving cardiac efficiency. Two approaches for metabolic modulator therapy are to stimulate myocardial glucose oxidation and/or inhibit fatty acid oxidation. In this review, the past, present, and future of metabolic modulators as an approach to optimizing myocardial energy substrate metabolism and treating ischemic heart disease and heart failure are discussed. This includes a discussion of pharmacological interventions that target enzymes involved in fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose oxidation in the heart, as well as enzymes involved in ketone and branched chain amino acid catabolism in the heart.
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34
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Fukushima A, Lopaschuk GD. Acetylation control of cardiac fatty acid β-oxidation and energy metabolism in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2211-2220. [PMID: 27479696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism are an important contributor to the cardiac pathology associated with obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. High rates of fatty acid β-oxidation with cardiac insulin resistance represent a cardiac metabolic hallmark of diabetes and obesity, while a marginal decrease in fatty acid oxidation and a prominent decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation are commonly seen in the early stages of heart failure. Alterations in post-translational control of energy metabolic processes have recently been identified as an important contributor to these metabolic changes. In particular, lysine acetylation of non-histone proteins, which controls a diverse family of mitochondrial metabolic pathways, contributes to the cardiac energy derangements seen in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Lysine acetylation is controlled both via acetyltransferases and deacetylases (sirtuins), as well as by non-enzymatic lysine acetylation due to increased acetyl CoA pool size or dysregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism (which stimulates sirtuin activity). One of the important mitochondrial acetylation targets are the fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, which contributes to alterations in cardiac substrate preference during the course of obesity, diabetes, and heart failure, and can ultimately lead to cardiac dysfunction in these disease states. This review will summarize the role of lysine acetylation and its regulatory control in the context of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. The functional contribution of cardiac protein lysine acetylation to the shift in cardiac energy substrate preference that occurs in obesity, diabetes, and especially in the early stages of heart failure will also be reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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35
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Myocardial redox status, mitophagy and cardioprotection: a potential way to amend diabetic heart? Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1511-21. [PMID: 27433024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major cardiovascular complications in diabetes that increase the mortality of diabetic patients. Mechanisms underlying DCM have not been fully elucidated, hindering targeted design of effective strategies to delay or treat DCM. Mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as the driving force for the pathogenesis of DCM; therefore, maintaining cardiac mitochondrial quality is crucial for DCM prevention. Mitophagy is the process by which cells degrade abnormal or superfluous mitochondria in order to correct mitochondrial dysfunction, improve mitochondrial quality and maintain cardiac homoeostasis. Although the roles of mitophagy in various cardiomyopathies have been suggested, it remains largely unknown how the process is regulated and whether it is altered in the diabetic heart. In this review, we summarize currently available studies that investigate mitophagy in the heart, including its pathways, features and protective roles in several situations, including DCM. Due to limited data about mitophagy in diabetic hearts, future studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in the heart and to develop mitophagy-based strategies for protecting the heart from diabetic injury.
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36
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Racil G, Coquart JB, Elmontassar W, Haddad M, Goebel R, Chaouachi A, Amri M, Chamari K. Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females. Biol Sport 2016; 33:145-52. [PMID: 27274107 PMCID: PMC4885625 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1198633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of high- vs. moderate-intensity interval training on cardiovascular fitness, leptin levels and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in obese female adolescents. Forty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either a 1:1 ratio of 15 s of effort comprising moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT at 80% maximal aerobic speed: MAS) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT at 100% MAS), with matched 15 s recovery at 50% MAS, thrice weekly, or a no-training control group. The HIIT and MIIT groups showed improved (p < 0.05) body mass (BM), BMI Z-score, and percentage of body fat (%BF). Only the HIIT group showed decreased waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.017). The effect of exercise on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was significant (p = 0.019, ES = 0.48 and p = 0.010, ES = 0.57, HIIT and MIIT, respectively). The decrease of rate-pressure product (RPP) (p < 0.05, ES = 0.53 and ES = 0.46, HIIT and MIIT, respectively) followed the positive changes in resting heart rate and blood pressures. Blood glucose, insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin decreased (p < 0.05) in both training groups. Significant decreases occurred in blood leptin (p = 0.021, ES = 0.67 and p = 0.011, ES = 0.73) and in RPE (p = 0.001, ES = 0.76 and p = 0.017, ES = 0.57) in HIIT and MIIT, respectively. In the post-intervention period, blood leptin was strongly associated with %BF (p < 0.001) and VO2max (p < 0.01) in the HIIT and MIIT groups, respectively, while RPE was strongly associated with BM (p < 0.01) in the HIIT group. The results suggest that high-intensity interval training may produce more positive effects on health determinants in comparison with the same training mode at a moderate intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Racil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J B Coquart
- CETAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - W Elmontassar
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Applied to Orthopedics, National Institute of Orthopedics, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - M Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Goebel
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS),Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - K Chamari
- Athelte Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar, Qatar; Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Fukushima A, Lopaschuk GD. Cardiac fatty acid oxidation in heart failure associated with obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1525-34. [PMID: 26996746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are major public health problems, and are linked to the development of heart failure. Emerging data highlight the importance of alterations in cardiac energy metabolism as a major contributor to cardiac dysfunction related to obesity and diabetes. Increased rates of fatty acid oxidation and decreased rates of glucose utilization are two prominent changes in cardiac energy metabolism that occur in obesity and diabetes. This metabolic profile is probably both a cause and consequence of a prominent cardiac insulin resistance, which is accompanied by a decrease in both cardiac function and efficiency, and by the accumulation of potentially toxic lipid metabolites in the heart that can further exaggerate insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction. The high cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates seen in obesity and diabetes are attributable to several factors, including: 1) increased fatty acid supply and uptake into the cardiomyocyte, 2) increased transcription of fatty acid metabolic enzymes, 3) decreased allosteric control of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation, and 4) increased post-translational acetylation control of various fatty acid oxidative enzymes. Emerging evidence suggests that therapeutic approaches aimed at switching the balance of cardiac energy substrate preference from fatty acid oxidation to glucose use can prevent cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity and diabetes. Modulating acetylation control of fatty acid oxidative enzymes is also a potentially attractive strategy, although presently this is limited to precursors of nicotinamide adenine or nonspecific activators of deacetylation such as resveratrol. This review will focus on the metabolic alterations in the heart that occur in obesity and diabetes, as well as on the molecular mechanisms controlling these metabolic changes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Airhart S, Cade WT, Jiang H, Coggan AR, Racette SB, Korenblat K, Spearie CA, Waller S, O'Connor R, Bashir A, Ory DS, Schaffer JE, Novak E, Farmer M, Waggoner AD, Dávila-Román VG, Javidan-Nejad C, Peterson LR. A Diet Rich in Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Improves Systolic Function and Alters the Lipidomic Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:504-12. [PMID: 26652763 PMCID: PMC4880128 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excessive cardiac long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism/storage causes cardiomyopathy in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are absorbed and oxidized efficiently. Data in animal models of diabetes suggest MCFAs may benefit the heart. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to test the effects of an MCFA-rich diet vs an LCFA-rich diet on plasma lipids, cardiac steatosis, and function in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN This was a double-blind, randomized, 2-week matched-feeding study. SETTING The study included ambulatory patients in the general community. PATIENTS Sixteen patients, ages 37-65 years, with type 2 diabetes, an ejection fraction greater than 45%, and no other systemic disease were included. INTERVENTION Fourteen days of a diet rich in MCFAs or LCFAs, containing 38% as fat in total, was undertaken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiac steatosis and function were the main outcome measures, with lipidomic changes considered a secondary outcome. RESULTS The relatively load-independent measure of cardiac contractility, S', improved in the MCFA group (P < .05). Weight-adjusted stroke volume and cardiac output decreased in the LCFA group (both P < .05). The MCFA, but not the LCFA, diet decreased several plasma sphingolipids, ceramide, and acylcarnitines implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, and changes in several sphingolipids correlated with improved fasting insulins. CONCLUSIONS Although a diet high in MCFAs does not change cardiac steatosis, our findings suggest that the MCFA-rich diet alters the plasma lipidome and may benefit or at least not harm cardiac function and fasting insulin levels in humans with type 2 diabetes. Larger, long-term studies are needed to further evaluate these effects in less-controlled settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Airhart
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - W Todd Cade
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan B Racette
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin Korenblat
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Catherine Anderson Spearie
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Suzanne Waller
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adil Bashir
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Novak
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marsha Farmer
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alan D Waggoner
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Víctor G Dávila-Román
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cylen Javidan-Nejad
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine (S.A.), Program in Physical Therapy (W.T.C., S.B.R.), Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center (H.J., D.S.O., J.E.S., M.F.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (A.R.C., R.O'C., A.B., C.J.-N.), Gastroenterology Division (K.K., C.A.S., S.W.), Lifestyle Intervention Research Core, Cardiology Division (A.D.W., V.G.D.-R., L.R.P.), Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Iozzo P. Metabolic imaging in obesity: underlying mechanisms and consequences in the whole body. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353:21-40. [PMID: 26335600 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a phenotype resulting from a series of causative factors with a variable risk of complications. Etiologic diversity requires personalized prevention and treatment. Imaging procedures offer the potential to investigate the interplay between organs and pathways underlying energy intake and consumption in an integrated manner, and may open the perspective to classify and treat obesity according to causative mechanisms. This review illustrates the contribution provided by imaging studies to the understanding of human obesity, starting with the regulation of food intake and intestinal metabolism, followed by the role of adipose tissue in storing, releasing, and utilizing substrates, including the interconversion of white and brown fat, and concluding with the examination of imaging risk indicators related to complications, including type 2 diabetes, liver pathologies, cardiac and kidney diseases, and sleep disorders. The imaging modalities include (1) positron emission tomography to quantify organ-specific perfusion and substrate metabolism; (2) computed tomography to assess tissue density as an indicator of fat content and browning/ whitening; (3) ultrasounds to examine liver steatosis, stiffness, and inflammation; and (4) magnetic resonance techniques to assess blood oxygenation levels in the brain, liver stiffness, and metabolite contents (triglycerides, fatty acids, glucose, phosphocreatine, ATP, and acetylcarnitine) in a variety of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,The Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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40
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The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiac Structure and Function: a Systematic Review of Cardiac Imaging Outcomes. Obes Surg 2015; 26:1030-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sung MM, Hamza SM, Dyck JRB. Myocardial metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: potential therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1606-30. [PMID: 25808033 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular complications in diabetes are particularly serious and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Despite early observations of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic humans, cardiomyopathy unique to diabetes has only recently been recognized. RECENT ADVANCES Research has focused on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Emerging data highlight the importance of altered mitochondrial function as a major contributor to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs by several mechanisms involving altered cardiac substrate metabolism, lipotoxicity, impaired cardiac insulin and glucose homeostasis, impaired cellular and mitochondrial calcium handling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial uncoupling. CRITICAL ISSUES Currently, treatment is not specifically tailored for diabetic patients with cardiac dysfunction. Given the multifactorial development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, traditional treatments such as anti-diabetic agents, as well as cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid uptake inhibitors aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose may not adequately target all aspects of this condition. Thus, an alternative treatment such as resveratrol, which targets multiple facets of diabetes, may represent a safe and promising supplement to currently recommended clinical therapy and lifestyle changes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is essential for development of effective and targeted treatment strategies. Of particular interest is the investigation of alternative therapies such as resveratrol, which can function as both preventative and mitigating agents in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shereen M Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Schilling JD. The mitochondria in diabetic heart failure: from pathogenesis to therapeutic promise. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1515-26. [PMID: 25761843 PMCID: PMC4449623 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes in the population, strategies are needed to reduce the burden of HF in these patients. RECENT ADVANCES Diabetes is associated with several pathologic findings in the heart including dysregulated metabolism, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central mediator of these pathologic responses. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology holds promise for the management of HF in diabetic patients. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite significant data implicating mitochondrial pathology in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the optimal pharmacologic approach to improve mitochondrial function remains undefined. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed mechanistic studies coupled with more robust clinical phenotyping will be necessary to develop novel approaches to improve cardiac function in diabetes. Moreover, understanding the interplay between diabetes and other cardiac stressors (hypertension, ischemia, and valvular disease) will be of the utmost importance for clinical translation of scientific discoveries made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schilling
- 1Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,2Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,3Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Peterson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Lund J, Hafstad AD, Boardman NT, Rossvoll L, Rolim NP, Ahmed MS, Florholmen G, Attramadal H, Wisløff U, Larsen TS, Aasum E. Exercise training promotes cardioprotection through oxygen-sparing action in high fat-fed mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H823-9. [PMID: 25637547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise training has been demonstrated to have beneficial cardiovascular effects in diabetes, the effect of exercise training on hearts from obese/diabetic models is unclear. In the present study, mice were fed a high-fat diet, which led to obesity, reduced aerobic capacity, development of mild diastolic dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance. Following 8 wk on high-fat diet, mice were assigned to 5 weekly high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions (10 × 4 min at 85-90% of maximum oxygen uptake) or remained sedentary for the next 10 constitutive weeks. HIT increased maximum oxygen uptake by 13%, reduced body weight by 16%, and improved systemic glucose homeostasis. Exercise training was found to normalize diastolic function, attenuate diet-induced changes in myocardial substrate utilization, and dampen cardiac reactive oxygen species content and fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by normalization of obesity-related impairment of mechanical efficiency due to a decrease in work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. Finally, we found HIT to reduce infarct size by 47% in ex vivo hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. This study therefore demonstrated for the first time that exercise training mediates cardioprotection following ischemia in diet-induced obese mice and that this was associated with oxygen-sparing effects. These findings highlight the importance of optimal myocardial energetics during ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - A D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N P Rolim
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Florholmen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - T S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Schilling JD, Mann DL. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Distinct and Preventable Entity or Inevitable Consequence? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of bariatric surgery for overweight and obesity, including the control of comorbidities. SEARCH METHODS Studies were obtained from searches of numerous databases, supplemented with searches of reference lists and consultation with experts in obesity research. Date of last search was November 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing surgical interventions with non-surgical management of obesity or overweight or comparing different surgical procedures. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted by one review author and checked by a second review author. Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias and evaluated overall study quality utilising the GRADE instrument. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-two trials with 1798 participants were included; sample sizes ranged from 15 to 250. Most studies followed participants for 12, 24 or 36 months; the longest follow-up was 10 years. The risk of bias across all domains of most trials was uncertain; just one was judged to have adequate allocation concealment.All seven RCTs comparing surgery with non-surgical interventions found benefits of surgery on measures of weight change at one to two years follow-up. Improvements for some aspects of health-related quality of life (QoL) (two RCTs) and diabetes (five RCTs) were also found. The overall quality of the evidence was moderate. Five studies reported data on mortality, no deaths occurred. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in four studies and ranged from 0% to 37% in the surgery groups and 0% to 25% in the no surgery groups. Between 2% and 13% of participants required reoperations in the five studies that reported these data.Three RCTs found that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (L)(RYGB) achieved significantly greater weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction up to five years after surgery compared with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Mean end-of-study BMI was lower following LRYGB compared with LAGB: mean difference (MD) -5.2 kg/m² (95% confidence interval (CI) -6.4 to -4.0; P < 0.00001; 265 participants; 3 trials; moderate quality evidence). Evidence for QoL and comorbidities was very low quality. The LRGYB procedure resulted in greater duration of hospitalisation in two RCTs (4/3.1 versus 2/1.5 days) and a greater number of late major complications (26.1% versus 11.6%) in one RCT. In one RCT the LAGB required high rates of reoperation for band removal (9 patients, 40.9%).Open RYGB, LRYGB and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) led to losses of weight and/or BMI but there was no consistent picture as to which procedure was better or worse in the seven included trials. MD was -0.2 kg/m² (95% CI -1.8 to 1.3); 353 participants; 6 trials; low quality evidence) in favour of LRYGB. No statistically significant differences in QoL were found (one RCT). Six RCTs reported mortality; one death occurred following LRYGB. SAEs were reported by one RCT and were higher in the LRYGB group (4.5%) than the LSG group (0.9%). Reoperations ranged from 6.7% to 24% in the LRYGB group and 3.3% to 34% in the LSG group. Effects on comorbidities, complications and additional surgical procedures were neutral, except gastro-oesophageal reflux disease improved following LRYGB (one RCT). One RCT of people with a BMI 25 to 35 and type 2 diabetes found laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass resulted in greater weight loss and improvement of diabetes compared with LSG, and had similar levels of complications.Two RCTs found that biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BDDS) resulted in greater weight loss than RYGB in morbidly obese patients. End-of-study mean BMI loss was greater following BDDS: MD -7.3 kg/m² (95% CI -9.3 to -5.4); P < 0.00001; 107 participants; 2 trials; moderate quality evidence). QoL was similar on most domains. In one study between 82% to 100% of participants with diabetes had a HbA1c of less than 5% three years after surgery. Reoperations were higher in the BDDS group (16.1% to 27.6%) than the LRYGB group (4.3% to 8.3%). One death occurred in the BDDS group.One RCT comparing laparoscopic duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy versus LRYGB found BMI, excess weight loss, and rates of remission of diabetes and hypertension were similar at 12 months follow-up (very low quality evidence). QoL, SAEs and reoperation rates were not reported. No deaths occurred in either group.One RCT comparing laparoscopic isolated sleeve gastrectomy (LISG) versus LAGB found greater improvement in weight-loss outcomes following LISG at three years follow-up (very low quality evidence). QoL, mortality and SAEs were not reported. Reoperations occurred in 20% of the LAGB group and in 10% of the LISG group.One RCT (unpublished) comparing laparoscopic gastric imbrication with LSG found no statistically significant difference in weight loss between groups (very low quality evidence). QoL and comorbidities were not reported. No deaths occurred. Two participants in the gastric imbrication group required reoperation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Surgery results in greater improvement in weight loss outcomes and weight associated comorbidities compared with non-surgical interventions, regardless of the type of procedures used. When compared with each other, certain procedures resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in comorbidities than others. Outcomes were similar between RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy, and both of these procedures had better outcomes than adjustable gastric banding. For people with very high BMI, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch resulted in greater weight loss than RYGB. Duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic RYGB had similar outcomes, however this is based on one small trial. Isolated sleeve gastrectomy led to better weight-loss outcomes than adjustable gastric banding after three years follow-up. This was based on one trial only. Weight-related outcomes were similar between laparoscopic gastric imbrication and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in one trial. Across all studies adverse event rates and reoperation rates were generally poorly reported. Most trials followed participants for only one or two years, therefore the long-term effects of surgery remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Colquitt
- University of SouthamptonSouthampton Health Technology Assessments CentreFirst Floor, Epsilon House, Enterprise Road, Southampton Science Park, ChilworthSouthamptonHampshireUKSO16 7NS
| | - Karen Pickett
- University of SouthamptonSouthampton Health Technology Assessments CentreFirst Floor, Epsilon House, Enterprise Road, Southampton Science Park, ChilworthSouthamptonHampshireUKSO16 7NS
| | - Emma Loveman
- University of SouthamptonSouthampton Health Technology Assessments CentreFirst Floor, Epsilon House, Enterprise Road, Southampton Science Park, ChilworthSouthamptonHampshireUKSO16 7NS
| | - Geoff K Frampton
- University of SouthamptonSouthampton Health Technology Assessments CentreFirst Floor, Epsilon House, Enterprise Road, Southampton Science Park, ChilworthSouthamptonHampshireUKSO16 7NS
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Abstract
Abnormalities in myocardial substrate metabolism play a central role in the manifestations of most forms of cardiac disease such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and the cardiomyopathy due to either obesity or diabetes mellitus. Their importance is exemplified by both the development of numerous imaging tools designed to detect the specific metabolic perturbations or signatures related to these different diseases, and the vigorous efforts in drug discovery/development targeting various aspects of myocardial metabolism. Since the prior review in 2005, we have gained new insights into how perturbations in myocardial metabolism contribute to various forms of cardiac disease. For example, the application of advanced molecular biologic techniques and the development of elegant genetic models have highlighted the pleiotropic actions of cellular metabolism on energy transfer, signal transduction, cardiac growth, gene expression, and viability. In parallel, there have been significant advances in instrumentation, radiopharmaceutical design, and small animal imaging, which now permit a near completion of the translational pathway linking in-vitro measurements of metabolism with the human condition. In this review, most of the key advances in metabolic imaging will be described, their contribution to cardiovascular research highlighted, and potential new clinical applications proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gropler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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Rider OJ, Cox P, Tyler D, Clarke K, Neubauer S. Myocardial substrate metabolism in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:972-9. [PMID: 23069666 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to a wide variety of cardiac changes, from subclinical diastolic dysfunction to end-stage systolic heart failure. Obesity causes changes in cardiac metabolism, which make ATP production and utilization less efficient, producing functional consequences that are linked to the increased rate of heart failure in this population. As a result of the increases in circulating fatty acids and insulin resistance that accompanies excess fat storage, several of the proteins and genes that are responsible for fatty acid uptake and metabolism are upregulated, and the metabolic machinery responsible for glucose utilization and oxidation are inhibited. The resultant increase in fatty acid metabolism, and the inherent alterations in the proteins of the electron transport chain used to create the gradient needed to drive mitochondrial ATP production, results in a decrease in efficiency of cardiac work and a relative increase in oxygen usage. These changes in cardiac mitochondrial metabolism are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Rider
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Hafstad AD, Lund J, Hadler-Olsen E, Höper AC, Larsen TS, Aasum E. High- and moderate-intensity training normalizes ventricular function and mechanoenergetics in mice with diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62:2287-94. [PMID: 23493573 PMCID: PMC3712042 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although exercise reduces several cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity/diabetes, the metabolic effects of exercise on the heart are not well-known. This study was designed to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIT) is superior to moderate-intensity training (MIT) in counteracting obesity-induced impairment of left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics and function. C57BL/6J mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO mice) displaying a cardiac phenotype with altered substrate utilization and impaired mechanoenergetics were subjected to a sedentary lifestyle or 8-10 weeks of isocaloric HIT or MIT. Although both modes of exercise equally improved aerobic capacity and reduced obesity, only HIT improved glucose tolerance. Hearts from sedentary DIO mice developed concentric LV remodeling with diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which was prevented by both HIT and MIT. Both modes of exercise also normalized LV mechanical efficiency and mechanoenergetics. These changes were associated with altered myocardial substrate utilization and improved mitochondrial capacity and efficiency, as well as reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and intracellular matrix metalloproteinase 2 content. As both modes of exercise equally ameliorated the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing LV remodeling and mechanoenergetic impairment, this study advocates the therapeutic potential of physical activity in obesity-related cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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Atherosclerosis and cardiac function assessment in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice undergoing body weight cycling. Nutr Diabetes 2013; 3:e79. [PMID: 23797386 PMCID: PMC3697407 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become an epidemic in many countries and is supporting a billion dollar industry involved in promoting weight loss through diet, exercise and surgical procedures. Because of difficulties in maintaining body weight reduction, a pattern of weight cycling often occurs (so called ‘yo-yo' dieting) that may result in deleterious outcomes to health. There is controversy about cardiovascular benefits of yo-yo dieting, and an animal model is needed to better understand the contributions of major diet and body weight changes on heart and vascular functions. Our purpose is to determine the effects of weight cycling on cardiac function and atherosclerosis development in a mouse model. Methods: We used low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice due to their sensitivity to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases when fed high-fat diets. Alternating ad libitum feeding of high-fat and low-fat (rodent chow) diets was used to instigate weight cycling during a 29-week period. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests were done at 22 and 24 weeks, echocardiograms at 25 weeks and atherosclerosis and plasma lipoproteins assessed at 29 weeks. Results: Mice subjected to weight cycling showed improvements in glucose homeostasis during the weight loss cycle. Weight-cycled mice showed a reduction in the severity of atherosclerosis as compared with high-fat diet-fed mice. However, atherosclerosis still persisted in weight-cycled mice as compared with mice fed rodent chow. Cardiac function was impaired in weight-cycled mice and matched with that of mice fed only the high-fat diet. Conclusion: This model provides an initial structure in which to begin detailed studies of diet, calorie restriction and surgical modifications on energy balance and metabolic diseases. This model also shows differential effects of yo-yo dieting on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
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