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McGuire JK. Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children With Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection-New Studies, Old Challenges. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2024; 25:678-680. [PMID: 38958550 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- John K McGuire
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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2
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Tan C, Reilly B, Ma G, Murao A, Jha A, Aziz M, Wang P. Neutrophils disrupt B-1a cell homeostasis by targeting Siglec-G to exacerbate sepsis. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:707-722. [PMID: 38789529 PMCID: PMC11214631 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
B-1a cells, an innate-like cell population, are crucial for pathogen defense and the regulation of inflammation through their release of natural IgM and IL-10. In sepsis, B-1a cell numbers are decreased in the peritoneal cavity as they robustly migrate to the spleen. Within the spleen, migrating B-1a cells differentiate into plasma cells, leading to alterations in their original phenotype and functionality. We discovered a key player, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-G (Siglec-G), which is expressed predominantly on B-1a cells and negatively regulates B-1a cell migration to maintain homeostasis. Siglec-G interacts with CXCR4/CXCL12 to modulate B-1a cell migration. Neutrophils aid B-1a cell migration via neutrophil elastase (NE)-mediated Siglec-G cleavage. Human studies revealed increased NE expression in septic patients. We identified an NE cleavage sequence in silico, leading to the discovery of a decoy peptide that protects Siglec-G, preserves peritoneal B-1a cells, reduces inflammation, and enhances sepsis survival. The role of Siglec-G in inhibiting B-1a cell migration to maintain their inherent phenotype and function is compromised by NE in sepsis, offering valuable insights into B-1a cell homeostasis. Employing a small decoy peptide to prevent NE-mediated Siglec-G cleavage has emerged as a promising strategy to sustain peritoneal B-1a cell homeostasis, alleviate inflammation, and ultimately improve outcomes in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bridgette Reilly
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Gaifeng Ma
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Alok Jha
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA.
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3
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Winer BY, Settle AH, Yakimov AM, Jeronimo C, Lazarov T, Tipping M, Saoi M, Sawh A, Sepp ALL, Galiano M, Perry JSA, Wong YY, Geissmann F, Cross J, Zhou T, Kam LC, Pasolli HA, Hohl T, Cyster JG, Weiner OD, Huse M. Plasma membrane abundance dictates phagocytic capacity and functional cross-talk in myeloid cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadl2388. [PMID: 38848343 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adl2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages tightly control what they consume, how much they consume, and when they move after cargo uptake. We show that plasma membrane abundance is a key arbiter of these cellular behaviors. Neutrophils and macrophages lacking the G protein subunit Gβ4 exhibited profound plasma membrane expansion, accompanied by marked reduction in plasma membrane tension. These biophysical changes promoted the phagocytosis of bacteria, fungus, apoptotic corpses, and cancer cells. We also found that Gβ4-deficient neutrophils are defective in the normal inhibition of migration following cargo uptake. Sphingolipid synthesis played a central role in these phenotypes by driving plasma membrane accumulation in cells lacking Gβ4. In Gβ4 knockout mice, neutrophils not only exhibited enhanced phagocytosis of inhaled fungal conidia in the lung but also increased trafficking of engulfed pathogens to other organs. Together, these results reveal an unexpected, biophysical control mechanism central to myeloid functional decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Jeronimo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Tipping
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Saoi
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna-Liisa L Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Bou Ghanem EN. CHIPing away at immunity: the role of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in bacterial pneumonia. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e181064. [PMID: 38828722 PMCID: PMC11142730 DOI: 10.1172/jci181064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), in which advantageous somatic mutations result in the clonal expansion of blood cells, increases with age, as do an increased risk of mortality and detrimental outcomes associated with CHIP. However, the role of CHIP in susceptibility to pulmonary infections, which also increase with age, is unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Quin and colleagues explored the role of CHIP in bacterial pneumonia. Using characterization of immune cells from human donors and mice lacking tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), the authors mechanistically link myeloid immune cell dysfunction to CHIP-mediated risk of bacterial pneumonia. The findings suggest that CHIP drives inflammaging and immune senescence, and provide Tet2 status in older adults as a potential prognostic tool for informing treatment options related to immune modulation.
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5
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Fitzpatrick AM, Huang M, Mohammad AF, Stephenson ST, Kamaleswaran R, Grunwell JR. Dysfunctional neutrophil type 1 interferon responses in preschool children with recurrent wheezing and IL-4-mediated aeroallergen sensitization. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100229. [PMID: 38510797 PMCID: PMC10950716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The innate mechanisms associated with viral exacerbations in preschool children with recurrent wheezing are not understood. Objective We sought to assess differential gene expression in blood neutrophils from preschool children with recurrent wheezing, stratified by aeroallergen sensitization, at baseline and after exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and also to examine whether poly(I:C)-stimulated blood neutrophils influenced airway epithelial gene expression. Methods Blood neutrophils were purified and cultured overnight with poly(I:C) and underwent next-generation sequencing with Reactome pathway analysis. Primary human small airway epithelial cells were treated with poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil culture supernatants and were analyzed for type 1 interferon gene expression with a targeted array. Symptoms and exacerbations were assessed in participants over 12 months. Results A total of 436 genes were differently expressed in neutrophils from children with versus without aeroallergen sensitization at baseline, with significant downregulation of type 1 interferons. These type 1 interferons were significantly upregulated in sensitized children after poly(I:C) stimulation. Confirmatory experiments demonstrated similar upregulation of type 1 interferons in IL-4-treated neutrophils stimulated with poly(I:C). Poly(I:C)-treated neutrophil supernatants from children with aeroallergen sensitization also induced a type 1 interferon response in epithelial cells. Children with aeroallergen sensitization also had higher symptom scores during exacerbations, and these symptom differences persisted for 3 days after prednisolone treatment. Conclusions Type 1 interferon responses are dysregulated in preschool children with aeroallergen sensitization, which is in turn associated with exacerbation severity. Given the importance of type 1 interferon signaling in viral resolution, additional studies of neutrophil type 1 interferon responses are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | | | | | - Jocelyn R. Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
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6
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Smits HH, Jochems SP. Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230266. [PMID: 39009407 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0266-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections frequently lead to severe respiratory disease, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, individuals with chronic lung conditions and older adults, resulting in hospitalisation and, in some cases, fatalities. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in monitoring for, and initiating responses to, viruses, maintaining a state of preparedness through the constant expression of antimicrobial defence molecules. Throughout the course of infection, innate immunity remains actively involved, contributing to viral clearance and damage control, with pivotal contributions from airway epithelial cells and resident and newly recruited immune cells. In instances where viral infections persist or are not effectively eliminated, innate immune components prominently contribute to the resulting pathophysiological consequences. Even though both young children and older adults are susceptible to severe respiratory disease caused by various respiratory viruses, the underlying mechanisms may differ significantly. Children face the challenge of developing and maturing their immunity, while older adults contend with issues such as immune senescence and inflammaging. This review aims to compare the innate immune responses in respiratory viral infections across both age groups, identifying common central hubs that could serve as promising targets for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies, despite the apparent differences in underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermelijn H Smits
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kazer SW, Match CM, Langan EM, Messou MA, LaSalle TJ, O’Leary E, Marbourg J, Naughton K, von Andrian UH, Ordovas-Montanes J. Primary nasal viral infection rewires the tissue-scale memory response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.11.539887. [PMID: 38562902 PMCID: PMC10983857 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.539887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is frequently the initial site of respiratory viral infection, replication, and transmission. Recent work has started to clarify the independent responses of epithelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells to viral infection in the nasal mucosa, but their spatiotemporal coordination and relative contributions remain unclear. Furthermore, understanding whether and how primary infection shapes tissue-scale memory responses to secondary challenge is critical for the rational design of nasal-targeting therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas of the murine nasal mucosa sampling three distinct regions before and during primary and secondary influenza infection. Primary infection was largely restricted to respiratory mucosa and induced stepwise changes in cell type, subset, and state composition over time. Type I Interferon (IFN)-responsive neutrophils appeared 2 days post infection (dpi) and preceded transient IFN-responsive/cycling epithelial cell responses 5 dpi, which coincided with broader antiviral monocyte and NK cell accumulation. By 8 dpi, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) expressing Cxcl9 and Cxcl16 arose alongside effector cytotoxic CD8 and Ifng-expressing CD4 T cells. Following viral clearance (14 dpi), rare, previously undescribed Krt13+ nasal immune-interacting floor epithelial (KNIIFE) cells expressing multiple genes with immune communication potential increased concurrently with tissue-resident memory T (TRM)-like cells and early IgG+/IgA+ plasmablasts. Proportionality analysis coupled with cell-cell communication inference, alongside validation by in situ microscopy, underscored the CXCL16-CXCR6 signaling axis between MDMs and effector CD8 T cells 8dpi and KNIIFE cells and TRM cells 14 dpi. Secondary influenza challenge with a homologous or heterologous strain administered 60 dpi induced an accelerated and coordinated myeloid and lymphoid response without epithelial proliferation, illustrating how tissue-scale memory to natural infection engages both myeloid and lymphoid cells to reduce epithelial regenerative burden. Together, this atlas serves as a reference for viral infection in the upper respiratory tract and highlights the efficacy of local coordinated memory responses upon rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Kazer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Colette Matysiak Match
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erica M. Langan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise O’Leary
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Popescu MC, Haddock NL, Burgener EB, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Kaber G, Hargil A, Bollyky PL, Milla CE. The Inovirus Pf4 Triggers Antiviral Responses and Disrupts the Proliferation of Airway Basal Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:165. [PMID: 38275975 PMCID: PMC10818373 DOI: 10.3390/v16010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inovirus Pf4 is a lysogenic bacteriophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). People with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF) experience chronic airway infection with Pa and a significant proportion have high numbers of Pf4 in their airway secretions. Given the known severe damage in the airways of Pa-infected pwCF, we hypothesized a high Pf4 burden can affect airway healing and inflammatory responses. In the airway, basal epithelial cells (BCs) are a multipotent stem cell population critical to epithelium homeostasis and repair. We sought to investigate the transcriptional responses of BCs under conditions that emulate infection with Pa and exposure to high Pf4 burden. METHODS Primary BCs isolated from pwCF and wild-type (WT) donors were cultured in vitro and exposed to Pf4 or bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by transcriptomic and functional assays. RESULTS We found that BCs internalized Pf4 and this elicits a strong antiviral response as well as neutrophil chemokine production. Further, we found that BCs that take up Pf4 demonstrate defective migration and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are highly suggestive of Pf4 playing a role in the pathogenicity of Pa in the airways. These findings provide additional evidence for the ability of inoviruses to interact with mammalian cells and disrupt cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medeea C. Popescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (P.L.B.)
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naomi L. Haddock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (P.L.B.)
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Burgener
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura S. Rojas-Hernandez
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (P.L.B.)
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (P.L.B.)
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (P.L.B.)
| | - Carlos E. Milla
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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de Diego C, Lasierra AB, López-Vergara L, Torralba L, Ruiz de Gopegui P, Lahoz R, Abadía C, Godino J, Cebollada A, Jimeno B, Bello C, Tejada A, Bello S. What is the actual relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps and COVID-19 severity? A longitudinal study. Respir Res 2024; 25:48. [PMID: 38243237 PMCID: PMC10797938 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have repeatedly been related to COVID-19 severity and mortality. However, there is no consensus on their quantification, and there are scarce data on their evolution during the disease. We studied circulating NET markers in patients with COVID-19 throughout their hospitalization. METHODS We prospectively included 93 patients (201 blood samples), evaluating the disease severity in 3 evolutionary phases (viral, early, and late inflammation). Of these, 72 had 180 samples in various phases. We also evaluated 55 controls with similar age, sex and comorbidities. We measured 4 NET markers in serum: cfDNA, CitH3, and MPO-DNA and NE-DNA complexes; as well as neutrophil-related cytokines IL-8 and G-CSF. RESULTS The COVID-19 group had higher CitH3 (28.29 vs 20.29 pg/mL, p = 0.022), and cfDNA, MPO-DNA, and NE-DNA (7.87 vs 2.56 ng/mL; 0.80 vs 0.52 and 1.04 vs 0.72, respectively, p < 0.001 for all) than the controls throughout hospitalisation. cfDNA was the only NET marker clearly related to severity, and it remained higher in non-survivors during the 3 phases. Only cfDNA was an independent risk factor for mortality and need for intensive care. Neutrophil count, IL-8, and G-CSF were significantly related to severity. MPO-DNA and NE-DNA showed significant correlations (r: 0.483, p < 0.001), including all 3 phases and across all severity grades, and they only remained significantly higher on days 10-16 of evolution in those who died. Correlations among the other NET markers were lower than expected. CONCLUSIONS The circulating biomarkers of NETs were present in patients with COVID-19 throughout hospitalization. cfDNA was associated with severity and mortality, but the three other markers showed little or no association with these outcomes. Neutrophil activity and neutrophil count were also associated with severity. MPO-DNA and NE-DNA better reflected NET formation. cfDNA appeared to be more associated with overall tissue damage; previous widespread use of this marker could have overestimated the relationship between NETs and severity. Currently, there are limitations to accurate NET markers measurement that make it difficult to assess its true role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Diego
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Miguel Servet University Hospital, CIBERES, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (ISS) Aragón, Avenida Isabel la Católica 1-9, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Lucía López-Vergara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Miguel Servet University Hospital, CIBERES, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (ISS) Aragón, Avenida Isabel la Católica 1-9, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Torralba
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Miguel Servet University Hospital, CIBERES, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (ISS) Aragón, Avenida Isabel la Católica 1-9, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Lahoz
- Department of Biochemistry. Miguel, Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudia Abadía
- Department of Biochemistry. Miguel, Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Godino
- Department of Cytometry and Cell Separation, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Cebollada
- Biocomputing Technical Scientific Service, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jimeno
- Department of Cytometry and Cell Separation, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlota Bello
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejada
- Intensive Care Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador Bello
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Miguel Servet University Hospital, CIBERES, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (ISS) Aragón, Avenida Isabel la Católica 1-9, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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10
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Casalino-Matsuda SM, Chen F, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Matsuda H, Nair A, Abdala-Valencia H, Budinger GS, Dong JT, Beitel GJ, Sporn PH. Myeloid Zfhx3 deficiency protects against hypercapnia-induced suppression of host defense against influenza A virus. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e170316. [PMID: 38227369 PMCID: PMC11143927 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia, elevation of the partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that hypercapnia inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions and that elevated CO2 increases the mortality of bacterial and viral pneumonia in mice. Here, we show that normoxic hypercapnia downregulates innate immune and antiviral gene programs in alveolar macrophages (AMØs). We also show that zinc finger homeobox 3 (Zfhx3) - a mammalian ortholog of zfh2, which mediates hypercapnic immune suppression in Drosophila - is expressed in mouse and human macrophages. Deletion of Zfhx3 in the myeloid lineage blocked the suppressive effect of hypercapnia on immune gene expression in AMØs and decreased viral replication, inflammatory lung injury, and mortality in hypercapnic mice infected with influenza A virus. To our knowledge, our results establish Zfhx3 as the first known mammalian mediator of CO2 effects on immune gene expression and lay the basis for future studies to identify therapeutic targets to interrupt hypercapnic immunosuppression in patients with advanced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Marina Casalino-Matsuda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Francisco J. Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiroaki Matsuda
- Department of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aisha Nair
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Greg J. Beitel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter H.S. Sporn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Qi F, Cao Y, Shen Y, Wang H, Li D, Yang Q, Li Z, Zhang Z. Nasopharyngeal neutrophilic-retention signatures could predict disease progression in early SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29328. [PMID: 38146903 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The nasopharynx is the initial site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and neutrophils play a critical role in preventing viral transmission into the lower airways or lungs during the early phases of infection. However, neutrophil dynamics, functional signatures, and predictive roles in the nasopharynx of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we carried out RNA sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, severe outcomes and healthy donors as controls. Over 32.7% of the differentially expressed genes associated with COVID-19 severity were neutrophil-related, including those involved in migration, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, and inflammasome activation. Multicohort single-cell RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed these findings and identified a population of neutrophils expressing Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in the nasopharynx. This population of neutrophils preferentially expressed pro-inflammatory genes relevant to phagosomal maturation as well as local reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production in the nasopharynx of patients with severe outcomes. A four-gene panel defined as a neutrophil signature associated with COVID-19 progression (NSAP) was identified as an early diagnostic predictor of severe COVID-19, which potentially distinguished severe patients from mild cases with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, or hepatitis B virus infection. NSAP is mainly expressed on CXCR4high neutrophils and exhibits a significant association with the cell fraction of this neutrophil population. This study highlights novel potential therapeutic targets or diagnostic tools for predicting patients at a higher risk of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Research and Application, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyin Cao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyun Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Research and Application, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Liu Y, Xiang C, Que Z, Li C, Wang W, Yin L, Chu C, Zhou Y. Neutrophil heterogeneity and aging: implications for COVID-19 and wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201651. [PMID: 38090596 PMCID: PMC10715311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to infection and tissue injury. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with distinct subtypes that differ in their functional properties. Moreover, aging can alter neutrophil function and exacerbate immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and how it may be affected by aging. We then examine the implications of neutrophil heterogeneity and aging for COVID-19 pathogenesis and wound healing. Specifically, we summarize the evidence for neutrophil involvement in COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in this disease. We also review the literature on the role of neutrophils in the wound healing process and how aging and neutrophil heterogeneity may impact wound healing outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Figueirêdo Leite GG, Colo Brunialti MK, Peçanha-Pietrobom PM, Abrão Ferreira PR, Ota-Arakaki JS, Cunha-Neto E, Ferreira BL, Ronsein GE, Tashima AK, Salomão R. Understanding COVID-19 progression with longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomics: Changes in the cellular proteome over time. iScience 2023; 26:107824. [PMID: 37736053 PMCID: PMC10509719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is highly variable, and understanding the underlying biological processes is crucial. This study utilized a proteomic analysis to investigate dysregulated processes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers. Samples were collected at different stages of the disease, including hospital admission, after 7 days of hospitalization, and 30 days after discharge. Metabolic pathway alterations and increased abundance of neutrophil-related proteins were observed in patients. Patients progressing to critical illness had significantly low-abundance proteins in the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways compared with those presenting clinical recovery. Important biological processes, such as fatty acid concentration and glucose metabolism disorder, remained altered even after 30 days of hospital discharge. Temporal proteomic changes revealed distinct pathways in critically ill and non-critically ill patients. Our study emphasizes the significance of longitudinal cellular proteomic studies in identifying disease progression-related pathways and persistent protein changes post-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula M. Peçanha-Pietrobom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Abrão Ferreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaquelina Sonoe Ota-Arakaki
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Lima Ferreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Winer BY, Settle AH, Yakimov AM, Jeronimo C, Lazarov T, Tipping M, Saoi M, Sawh A, Sepp ALL, Galiano M, Wong YY, Perry JSA, Geissmann F, Cross J, Zhou T, Kam LC, Pasoli HA, Hohl T, Cyster JG, Weiner OD, Huse M. Plasma membrane abundance dictates phagocytic capacity and functional crosstalk in myeloid cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.556572. [PMID: 37745515 PMCID: PMC10515848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages tightly control what they eat, how much they eat, and when they move after eating. We show that plasma membrane abundance is a key arbiter of these cellular behaviors. Neutrophils and macrophages lacking the G-protein subunit Gb4 exhibit profound plasma membrane expansion due to enhanced production of sphingolipids. This increased membrane allocation dramatically enhances phagocytosis of bacteria, fungus, apoptotic corpses, and cancer cells. Gb4 deficient neutrophils are also defective in the normal inhibition of migration following cargo uptake. In Gb4 knockout mice, myeloid cells exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of inhaled fungal conidia in the lung but also increased trafficking of engulfed pathogens to other organs. These results reveal an unexpected, biophysical control mechanism lying at the heart of myeloid functional decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Jeronimo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Tipping
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Saoi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna-Liisa L Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Cross
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasoli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
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15
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Tsioumpekou M, Krijgsman D, Leusen JHW, Olofsen PA. The Role of Cytokines in Neutrophil Development, Tissue Homing, Function and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1981. [PMID: 37566060 PMCID: PMC10417597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are crucial innate immune cells and comprise 50-70% of the white blood cell population under homeostatic conditions. Upon infection and in cancer, blood neutrophil numbers significantly increase because of the secretion of various chemo- and cytokines by, e.g., leukocytes, pericytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells present in the inflamed tissue or in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The function of neutrophils in cancer has recently gained considerable attention, as they can exert both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions, dependent on the cytokine milieu present in the TME. Here, we review the effect of cytokines on neutrophil development, tissue homing, function and plasticity in cancer and autoimmune diseases as well as under physiological conditions in the bone marrow, bloodstream and various organs like the spleen, kidney, liver, lung and lymph nodes. In addition, we address several promising therapeutic options, such as cytokine therapy, immunocytokines and immunotherapy, which aim to exploit the anti-tumorigenic potential of neutrophils in cancer treatment or block excessive neutrophil-mediated inflammation in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsioumpekou
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (D.K.); (J.H.W.L.)
| | - Daniëlle Krijgsman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (D.K.); (J.H.W.L.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H. W. Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (D.K.); (J.H.W.L.)
| | - Patricia A. Olofsen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.T.); (D.K.); (J.H.W.L.)
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16
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Zhao X, Zhang M, Li F, Ma C, Wang D, Wang Y. The role of neutrophils in corneal nerve regeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:338. [PMID: 37507767 PMCID: PMC10375665 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the role of neutrophils in corneal nerve regeneration. METHODS A mouse model simulating corneal nerve injury was established and samples from corneal scraping with and without neutrophil closure were collected. These samples were used for corneal nerve staining, ribonucleic acid sequencing, and bioinformatics. Differential expression analysis was used to perform enrichment analysis to identify any significant differences between these two groups. The differential genes were then intersected with neutrophil-associated genes and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the intersected genes. The immune infiltration between the two groups was examined along with the immune cell variation between the high and low gene expression groups. RESULTS Neutrophil removal delays corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration. A total of 546 differential genes and 980 neutrophil-associated genes, with 27 genes common to both sets were obtained. Molecular Complex Detection analysis yielded five key genes, namely integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), epidermal growth factor (EGF), serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), and plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR). Among these genes, ITGB2, SERPINE1, and PLAUR exhibited increased expression in the neutrophil-confined group, while MMP9 and EGF showed decreased expression, with MMP9 and EGF displaying a more significant difference. Immune infiltration was also observed between the two groups, revealing significant differences in the infiltration of M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, and neutrophils. Moreover, the neutrophil levels were lower in the groups with low MMP9 and EGF expressions and higher in the high-expression group. CONCLUSION Neutrophil confinement might significantly affect the MMP9 and EGF expression levels. Strategies to inhibit MMP9 could potentially yield therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhao
- Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127th, South Siliu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Minghong Zhang
- Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, No. 519th, Zhujiang Road, Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, 266500, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Department of Opthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324th, Jing wu wei qi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, No. 54th, Zhengzhou, Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, No. 519th, Zhujiang Road, Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, 266500, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 127th, South Siliu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China.
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17
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Kwatra G, Izu A, Lee JSL, Bertera HL, Fischinger S, Mann C, Amanat F, Wang W, Koen AL, Fairlie L, Cutland CL, Ahmed K, Dheda K, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Briner C, Krammer F, Saphire EO, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Pollard AJ, Nunes M, Wuhrer M, Lauffenburger DA, Madhi SA, Alter G. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine-induced Fc receptor binding tracks with differential susceptibility to COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1161-1172. [PMID: 37322179 PMCID: PMC10307634 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of COVID-19 vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged that can cause breakthrough infections. Although protection against severe disease has been largely preserved, the immunological mediators of protection in humans remain undefined. We performed a substudy on the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccinees enrolled in a South African clinical trial. At peak immunogenicity, before infection, no differences were observed in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-binding antibody titers; however, the vaccine induced different Fc-receptor-binding antibodies across groups. Vaccinees who resisted COVID-19 exclusively mounted FcγR3B-binding antibodies. In contrast, enhanced IgA and IgG3, linked to enriched FcγR2B binding, was observed in individuals who experienced breakthrough. Antibodies unable to bind to FcγR3B led to immune complex clearance and resulted in inflammatory cascades. Differential antibody binding to FcγR3B was linked to Fc-glycosylation differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. These data potentially point to specific FcγR3B-mediated antibody functional profiles as critical markers of immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Harry L Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Colin Mann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anthonet L Koen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lee Fairlie
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clare L Cutland
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Carmen Briner
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica Ollman Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Holloman BL, Cannon A, Wilson K, Singh N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Characterization of Chemotaxis-Associated Gene Dysregulation in Myeloid Cell Populations in the Lungs during Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Acute Lung Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:2016-2028. [PMID: 37163318 PMCID: PMC10615667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI), immune cell recruitment resulting from chemotaxis is mediated by CXC and CC chemokines and their receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of chemokines and their receptors in the regulation of myeloid cell populations in the circulation and the lungs of C57BL/6J mice exhibiting LPS-mediated ALI using single-cell RNA sequencing. During ALI, there was an increase in the myeloid cells, M1 macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and other granulocytes, whereas there was a decrease in the residential alveolar macrophages and M2 macrophages. Interestingly, LPS triggered the upregulation of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2/3, and CXCL10 genes associated with cellular migration of various subsets of macrophages, neutrophils, and granulocytes. Furthermore, there was an increase in the frequency of myeloid cells expressing CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR2 receptors during ALI. MicroRNA sequencing studies of vehicle versus LPS groups identified several dysregulated microRNAs targeting the upregulated chemokine genes. This study suggests that chemokine ligand-receptors interactions are responsible for myeloid cell heterogenicity and cellular recruitment to the lungs during ALI. The single-cell transcriptomics allowed for an in-depth assessment and characterization of myeloid cells involved in immune cell trafficking during ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Latrell Holloman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Alkeiver Cannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Kiesha Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
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19
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Margaroli C, Fram T, Sharma NS, Patel SB, Tipper J, Robison SW, Russell DW, Fortmann SD, Banday MM, Soto-Vazquez Y, Abdalla T, Saitornuang S, Madison MC, Leal SM, Harrod KS, Erdmann NB, Gaggar A. Interferon-dependent signaling is critical for viral clearance in airway neutrophils. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167042. [PMID: 37071484 PMCID: PMC10322684 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation characterizes several respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, although its contribution to disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Blood and airway immune cells from 52 patients with severe COVID-19 were phenotyped by flow cytometry. Samples and clinical data were collected at 2 separate time points to assess changes during ICU stay. Blockade of type I interferon and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) signaling was performed in vitro to determine their contribution to viral clearance in A2 neutrophils. We identified 2 neutrophil subpopulations (A1 and A2) in the airway compartment, where loss of the A2 subset correlated with increased viral burden and reduced 30-day survival. A2 neutrophils exhibited a discrete antiviral response with an increased interferon signature. Blockade of type I interferon attenuated viral clearance in A2 neutrophils and downregulated IFIT3 and key catabolic genes, demonstrating direct antiviral neutrophil function. Knockdown of IFIT3 in A2 neutrophils led to loss of IRF3 phosphorylation, with consequent reduced viral catabolism, providing the first discrete mechanism to our knowledge of type I interferon signaling in neutrophils. The identification of this neutrophil phenotype and its association with severe COVID-19 outcomes emphasizes its likely importance in other respiratory viral infections and potential for new therapeutic approaches in viral illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, and
| | - Timothy Fram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nirmal S. Sharma
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siddharth B. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Sarah W. Robison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
| | - Derek W. Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
| | | | - Mudassir M. Banday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yixel Soto-Vazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
| | - Tarek Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
| | | | - Matthew C. Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
| | - Sixto M. Leal
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | | | - Nathaniel B. Erdmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology
- Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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20
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S M, S J, C P, A MTN, S G. Synthesis and screening of cyclic diketone indanedione derivatives as future scaffolds for neutrophil elastase inhibition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11838-11852. [PMID: 37077993 PMCID: PMC10107027 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and proteinase 3 (Pr3) released from neutrophils at inflammatory sites are the major causes of pathogens in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and various lung tissue derangements, among which cystic fibrosis and blockade of airway passages are chronic. These proteolytic mediatory agents combined with induced oxidative reactions sustain pathogenicity. Cyclic diketone indane-1,3-dione derivatives were designed, and toxicity evaluation predictions were performed in silico. Benzimidazole and hydrazide derivatives of indanedione were synthesized and characterized. Synthesized compounds were run using neutrophil elastase inhibition assay protocols. The compounds exhibit considerable inhibition of neutrophil elastase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University Al Dawadmi Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jubie S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Ooty Tamilnadu India
| | - Pramila C
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University Al Dawadmi Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal T N A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University Al Dawadmi Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gigi S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University Al Dawadmi Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Malm Tillgren S, Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, Cerps S, Ramu S, Menzel M, Mahmutovic Persson I, Meissner A, Akbarshahi H, Uller L. C57Bl/6N mice have an attenuated lung inflammatory response to dsRNA compared to C57Bl/6J and BALB/c mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36810092 PMCID: PMC9942641 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory infections caused by ssRNA viruses are a major health burden globally. Translational mouse models are a valuable tool for medical research, including research on respiratory viral infections. In in vivo mouse models, synthetic dsRNA can be used as a surrogate for ssRNA virus replication. However, studies investigating how genetic background of mice impacts the murine lung inflammatory response to dsRNA is lacking. Hence, we have compared lung immunological responses of BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice to synthetic dsRNA. METHODS dsRNA was administered intranasally to BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice once/day for three consecutive days. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, inflammatory cells, and total protein concentration were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pattern recognition receptors levels (TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I) were measured in lung homogenates using RT-qPCR and western blot. Gene expression of IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1 was assessed in lung homogenates by RT-qPCR. ELISA was used to analyze protein concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-1β in BALF and lung homogenates. RESULTS BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice showed infiltration of neutrophils to the lung, and an increase in total protein concentration and LDH activity in response to dsRNA administration. Only modest increases in these parameters were observed for C57Bl/6N mice. Similarly, dsRNA administration evoked an upregulation of MDA5 and RIG-I gene and protein expression in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J, but not C57Bl/6N, mice. Further, dsRNA provoked an increase in gene expression of TNF-α in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice, IL-1β only in C57Bl/6N mice and CXCL1 exclusively in BALB/c mice. BALF levels of CXCL1 and IL-1β were increased in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice in response to dsRNA, whereas the response of C57Bl/6N was blunt. Overall, inter-strain comparisons of the lung reactivity to dsRNA revealed that BALB/c, followed by C57Bl/6J, had the most pronounced respiratory inflammatory responses, while the responses of C57Bl/6N mice were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS We report clear differences of the lung innate inflammatory response to dsRNA between BALB/c, C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N mice. Of particular note, the highlighted differences in the inflammatory response of C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N substrains underscore the value of strain selection in mouse models of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Malm Tillgren
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juan José Nieto-Fontarigo
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Cerps
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mandy Menzel
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Murphy RC, Morrell ED, Hallstrand TS. The Intersection between Autoimmunity, Macrophage Dysfunction, Endotype, and Exacerbations in Severe Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:383-385. [PMID: 36413362 PMCID: PMC9940143 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2074ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep,Center for Lung Biology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington
| | - Eric D. Morrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington
| | - Teal S. Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep,Center for Lung Biology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington
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23
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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24
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Veazey JM, Wong GS, Eliseeva SI, Smyth TR, Chapman TJ, Lim K, Kim M, Georas SN. Protein kinase D3 promotes neutrophil migration during viral infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:130-141. [PMID: 36318273 PMCID: PMC10112008 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms (PKD1-3) that are expressed in most cells and implicated in a wide array of signaling pathways, including cell growth, differentiation, transcription, secretion, polarization and actin turnover. Despite growing interest in PKD, relatively little is known about the role of PKD in immune responses. We recently published that inhibiting PKD limits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and leukocyte accumulation in mouse models of viral infection, and that PKD3 is highly expressed in the murine lung and immune cell populations. Here we focus on the immune-related phenotypes of PKD3 knockout mice. We report that PKD3 is necessary for maximal neutrophil accumulation in the lung following challenge with inhaled polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a double-stranded RNA, as well as following influenza A virus infection. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeras, we found that PKD3 is required in the hematopoietic compartment for optimal neutrophil migration to the lung. Ex vivo transwell and chemokinesis assays confirmed that PKD3-/- neutrophils possess an intrinsic motility defect, partly because of reduced surface expression of CD18, which is critical for leukocyte migration. Finally, the peak of neutrophilia was significantly reduced in PKD3-/- mice after lethal influenza A virus infection. Together, these results demonstrate that PKD3 has an essential, and nonredundant, role in promoting neutrophil recruitment to the lung. A better understanding of the isoform-specific and cell type-specific activities of PKD has the potential to lead to novel therapeutics for respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gordon S Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia I Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Department of Toxicology, University of North Caroline, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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25
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Rice CM, Lewis P, Ponce-Garcia FM, Gibbs W, Groves S, Cela D, Hamilton F, Arnold D, Hyams C, Oliver E, Barr R, Goenka A, Davidson A, Wooldridge L, Finn A, Rivino L, Amulic B. Hyperactive immature state and differential CXCR2 expression of neutrophils in severe COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201658. [PMID: 36622345 PMCID: PMC9748722 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital in defence against pathogens, but excessive neutrophil activity can lead to tissue damage and promote acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 is associated with systemic expansion of immature neutrophils, but the functional consequences of this shift to immaturity are not understood. We used flow cytometry to investigate activity and phenotypic diversity of circulating neutrophils in acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients. First, we demonstrate hyperactivation of immature CD10- subpopulations in severe disease, with elevated markers of secondary granule release. Partially activated immature neutrophils were detectable 12 wk post-hospitalisation, indicating long term myeloid dysregulation in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Second, we demonstrate that neutrophils from moderately ill patients down-regulate the chemokine receptor CXCR2, whereas neutrophils from severely ill individuals fail to do so, suggesting an altered ability for organ trafficking and a potential mechanism for induction of disease tolerance. CD10- and CXCR2hi neutrophil subpopulations were enriched in severe disease and may represent prognostic biomarkers for the identification of individuals at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Rice
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip Lewis
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fernando M Ponce-Garcia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Willem Gibbs
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Groves
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Drinalda Cela
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Arnold
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Catherine Hyams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachael Barr
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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26
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Cortegano I, Rodríguez M, Hernángómez S, Arrabal A, Garcia-Vao C, Rodríguez J, Fernández S, Díaz J, de la Rosa B, Solís B, Arribas C, Garrido F, Zaballos A, Roa S, López V, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B. Age-dependent nasal immune responses in non-hospitalized bronchiolitis children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011607. [PMID: 36561744 PMCID: PMC9763932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis in children is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Many studies have been performed using samples from hospitalized bronchiolitis patients, but little is known about the immunological responses from infants suffering from mild/moderate bronchiolitis that do not require hospitalization. We have studied a collection of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples from outpatient bronchiolitis children as a novel strategy to unravel local humoral and cellular responses, which are not fully characterized. The children were age-stratified in three groups, two of them (GI under 2-months, GII between 2-4 months) presenting a first episode of bronchiolitis, and GIII (between 4 months and 2 years) with recurrent respiratory infections. Here we show that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, IL18, IL23), regulatory cytokines (IL10, IL17A) and IFNγ were found in the three bronchiolitis cohorts. However, little or no change was observed for IL33 and MCP1, at difference to previous results from bronchiolitis hospitalized patients. Furthermore, our results show a tendency to IL1β, IL6, IL18 and TNFα increased levels in children with mild pattern of symptom severity and in those in which non RSV respiratory virus were detected compared to RSV+ samples. By contrast, no such differences were found based on gender distribution. Bronchiolitis NLFs contained more IgM, IgG1, IgG3 IgG4 and IgA than NLF from their age-matched healthy controls. NLF from bronchiolitis children predominantly contained neutrophils, and also low frequency of monocytes and few CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. NLF from infants older than 4-months contained more intermediate monocytes and B cell subsets, including naïve and memory cells. BCR repertoire analysis of NLF samples showed a biased VH1 usage in IgM repertoires, with low levels of somatic hypermutation. Strikingly, algorithmic studies of the mutation profiles, denoted antigenic selection on IgA-NLF repertoires. Our results support the use of NLF samples to analyze immune responses and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Arrabal
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rodríguez
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juncal Díaz
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Solís
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arribas
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Zaballos
- Genomics Central Core, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria López
- Chronic Disease Programme Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Belén de Andrés, ; Maria-Luisa Gaspar,
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Belén de Andrés, ; Maria-Luisa Gaspar,
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27
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Geng Y, Hao Y, Xu X, Huang R, He F, Ni J, Zhan J, Chen Y, Hu F, Wu C. Clinical features and viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in an outpatient fever clinic during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24778. [PMID: 36447425 PMCID: PMC9756996 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical feature and viral etiology for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the community was unknown during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE In a retrospective study, we aimed to characterize the clinical feature and etiology for the ARI patients admitted to the outpatient fever clinic in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between November 2020 and March 2021. METHODS Fifteen common respiratory pathogens were tested using pharyngeal swabs by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS Of the 242 patients, 56 (23%) were tested positive for at least one viral agent. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus (HRV) (5.4%), parainfluenza virus type III (PIV-III) (5.0%), and human coronavirus-NL63 (HCoV-NL63) (3.7%). Cough, sputum, nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea were the most prevalent symptoms in patients with viral infection. Elderly and the patients with underlying diseases were susceptible to pneumonia accompanied with sputum and chest oppression. Three (5.4%) patients in virus infection group, whereas 31 (16.7%) in non-viral infection group (p = 0.033), were empirically prescribed with antiviral agents. Among 149 patients who received antibiotic therapy, 30 (20.1%) patients were later identified with viral infection. CONCLUSION Our study indicated the importance of accurate diagnosis of ARI, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which might facilitate appropriate clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yingying Hao
- Department of Intensive Care UnitsNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Fei He
- Department of Emergency MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Zhan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu UniversityNanjingChina
| | - FengHua Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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Yao D, Bao L, Li F, Liu B, Wu X, Hu Z, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang X. H1N1 influenza virus dose dependent induction of dysregulated innate immune responses and STAT1/3 activation are associated with pulmonary immunopathological damage. Virulence 2022; 13:1558-1572. [PMID: 36082929 PMCID: PMC9467583 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection poses a substantial challenge and causes high morbidity and mortality. Exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory responses are the major causes of extensive diffuse alveolar immunopathological damage. However, the relationship between the extent of cytokine storm, neutrophils/macrophages infiltration, and different IAV infection dose and time still needs to be further elucidated, and it is still unclear whether the signal transduction and transcriptional activator 1/3 (STAT1/3) signalling pathway plays a beneficial or detrimental role. Here, we established a mouse model of high- and low-dose pH1N1 infection. We found that pH1N1 infection induced robust and early pathological damage and cytokine storm in an infection dose- and time-dependent manner. High-dose pH1N1 infection induced massive and sustained recruitment of neutrophils as well as a higher ratio of M1:M2, which may contribute to severe lung immunopathological damage. pH1N1 infection activated dose- and time-dependent STAT1 and STAT3. Inhibition of STAT1 and/or STAT3 aggravated low-dose pH1N1 infection, induced lung damage, and decreased survival rate. Appropriate activation of STAT1/3 provided survival benefits and pathological improvement during low-dose pH1N1 infection. These results demonstrate that high-dose pH1N1 infection induces robust and sustained neutrophil infiltration, imbalanced macrophage polarization, excessive and earlier cytokine storm, and STAT1/3 activation, which are associated with pulmonary dysregulated proinflammatory responses and progress of acute lung injury. The severe innate immune responses may be the threshold at which protective functions give way to immunopathology, and assessing the magnitude of host innate immune responses is necessary in adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy for alleviating influenza-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infection, Beijing, China
| | - Fengdi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infection, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Xu J, He B, Carver K, Vanheyningen D, Parkin B, Garmire LX, Olszewski MA, Deng JC. Heterogeneity of neutrophils and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970287. [PMID: 36466858 PMCID: PMC9709423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, have resulted in high mortality rates despite corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory therapies. Despite recognition of the pathogenic role of neutrophils, in-depth analyses of this cell population have been limited, due to technical challenges of working with neutrophils. We undertook an unbiased, detailed analysis of neutrophil responses in adult patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, to determine whether distinct neutrophil phenotypes could be identified during infections compared to the healthy state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils from hospitalized patients with mild or severe COVID-19 disease and healthy controls revealed distinct mature neutrophil subpopulations, with relative proportions linked to disease severity. Disruption of predicted cell-cell interactions, activated oxidative phosphorylation genes, and downregulated antiviral and host defense pathway genes were observed in neutrophils obtained during severe compared to mild infections. Our findings suggest that during severe infections, there is a loss of normal regulatory neutrophil phenotypes seen in healthy subjects, coupled with the dropout of appropriate cellular interactions. Given that neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes with highly pathogenic potential, current immunotherapies for severe infections may be optimized by determining whether they aid in restoring an appropriate balance of neutrophil subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xu
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bing He
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kyle Carver
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Debora Vanheyningen
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian Parkin
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lana X. Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
| | - Michal A. Olszewski
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
| | - Jane C. Deng
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
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A comprehensive mini-review on amyloidogenesis of different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and its effect on amyloid formation in various host proteins. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:322. [PMID: 36254263 PMCID: PMC9558030 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis is the inherent ability of proteins to change their conformation from native state to cross β-sheet rich fibrillar structures called amyloids which result in a wide range of diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Finnish familial amyloidosis, ATTR amyloidosis, British and Danish dementia, etc. COVID-19, on the other hand is seen to have many similarities in symptoms with other amyloidogenic diseases and the overlap of these morbidities and symptoms led to the proposition whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins are undergoing amyloidogenesis and whether it is resulting in or aggravating amyloidogenesis of any human host protein. Thus the SARS-CoV-2 proteins in infected cells, i.e., Spike (S) protein, Nucleocapsid (N) protein, and Envelope (E) protein were tested via different machinery and amyloidogenesis in them were proven. In this review, we will analyze the pathway of amyloid formation in S-protein, N-protein, E-protein along with the effect that SARS-CoV-2 is creating on various host proteins leading to the unexpected onset of many morbidities like COVID-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Parkinsonism in young COVID patients, formation of fibrin microthrombi in heart, etc., and their future implications.
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31
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Falcinelli E, Petito E, Gresele P. The role of platelets, neutrophils and endothelium in COVID-19 infection. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:727-745. [PMID: 35930267 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is associated to an increased risk of thrombosis, as a result of a complex process that involves the activation of vascular and circulating cells, the release of soluble inflammatory and thrombotic mediators and blood clotting activation. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the pathophysiological role of platelets, neutrophils and the endothelium, and of their interactions, in the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 patients, and the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting these cell types. EXPERT OPINION Virus-induced platelet, neutrophil and endothelial cell changes are crucial triggers of the thrombotic complications and of the adverse evolution of COVID-19. Both the direct interaction with the virus and the associated cytokine storm concur to trigger cell activation in a classical thromboinflammatory vicious circle. Although heparin has proven to be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic weapon for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated thrombosis, it acts downstream of the cascade of events triggered by SARS-CoV-2. The identification of specific molecular targets interrupting the thromboinflammatory cascade upstream, and more specifically acting either on the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with blood and vascular cells or on the specific signalling mechanisms associated with their COVID-19-associated activation, might theoretically offer greater protection with potentially lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Falcinelli
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Petito
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Parthasarathi A, Padukudru S, Arunachal S, Basavaraj CK, Krishna MT, Ganguly K, Upadhyay S, Anand MP. The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Risk Stratification and Prognostication of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081233. [PMID: 36016121 PMCID: PMC9415708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have proposed that the neutrophil−lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of the various biomarkers that can be useful in assessing COVID-19 disease-related outcomes. Our systematic review analyzes the relationship between on-admission NLR values and COVID-19 severity and mortality. Six different severity criteria were used. A search of the literature in various databases was conducted from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2021. We calculated the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for the collected NLR values. A meta-regression analysis was performed, looking at the length of hospitalization and other probable confounders, such as age, gender, and comorbidities. A total of sixty-four studies were considered, which included a total of 15,683 patients. The meta-analysis showed an SMD of 3.12 (95% CI: 2.64−3.59) in NLR values between severe and non-severe patients. A difference of 3.93 (95% CI: 2.35−5.50) was found between survivors and non-survivors of the disease. Upon summary receiver operating characteristics analysis, NLR showed 80.2% (95% CI: 74.0−85.2%) sensitivity and 75.8% (95% CI: 71.3−79.9%) specificity for the prediction of severity and 78.8% (95% CI: 73.5−83.2%) sensitivity and 73.0% (95% CI: 68.4−77.1%) specificity for mortality, and was not influenced by age, gender, or co-morbid conditions. Conclusion: On admission, NLR predicts both severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and an NLR > 6.5 is associated with significantly greater the odds of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunag Padukudru
- Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, India;
| | - Sumalata Arunachal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore 570015, India; (S.A.); (C.K.B.)
| | - Chetak Kadabasal Basavaraj
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore 570015, India; (S.A.); (C.K.B.)
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Immunology Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Mahesh Padukudru Anand
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore 570015, India; (S.A.); (C.K.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (M.P.A.)
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Short-Term Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain-Specific Antibody Induction on Neutrophil-Mediated Immune Response in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158234. [PMID: 35897803 PMCID: PMC9331224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination protects against COVID-19 via the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody formation, but it also affects the innate immunity. The effects of specific antibody induction on neutrophils that can cause severe respiratory inflammation are important, though not completely investigated. In the present study, using a mouse model mimicking SARS-CoV-2 virus particle inhalation, we investigated neutrophil phenotype and activity alterations in the presence of RBD-specific antibodies. Mice were immunized with RBD and a week after a strong antibody response establishment received 100 nm particles in the RBD solution. Control mice received injections of a phosphate buffer instead of RBD. We show that the application of 100 nm particles in the RBD solution elevates neutrophil recruitment to the blood and the airways of RBD-immunized mice rather than in control mice. Analysis of bone marrow cells of mice with induced RBD-specific antibodies revealed the increased population of CXCR2+CD101+ neutrophils. These neutrophils did not demonstrate an enhanced ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation compared to the neutrophils from control mice. Thus, the induction of RBD-specific antibodies stimulates the activation of mature neutrophils that react to RBD-coated particles without triggering excessive inflammation.
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Abstract
![]()
SARS-CoV-2 infection
is associated with a surprising number of
morbidities. Uncanny similarities with amyloid-disease associated
blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disturbances together with neurologic
and cardiac problems led us to investigate the amyloidogenicity of
the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein). Amyloid fibril assays of
peptide library mixtures and theoretical predictions identified seven
amyloidogenic sequences within the S-protein. All seven peptides in
isolation formed aggregates during incubation at 37 °C. Three
20-amino acid long synthetic spike peptides (sequence 192–211,
601–620, 1166–1185) fulfilled three amyloid fibril criteria:
nucleation dependent polymerization kinetics by ThT, Congo red positivity,
and ultrastructural fibrillar morphology. Full-length folded S-protein
did not form amyloid fibrils, but amyloid-like fibrils with evident
branching were formed during 24 h of S-protein coincubation with the
protease neutrophil elastase (NE) in vitro. NE efficiently
cleaved S-protein, rendering exposure of amyloidogenic segments and
accumulation of the amyloidogenic peptide 194–203, part of
the most amyloidogenic synthetic spike peptide. NE is overexpressed
at inflamed sites of viral infection. Our data propose a molecular
mechanism for potential amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein in
humans facilitated by endoproteolysis. The prospective of S-protein
amyloidogenesis in COVID-19 disease associated pathogenesis can be
important in understanding the disease and long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Nyström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Stebbings R, Jones C, Cotton P, Armour G, Maguire S, Skellett V, Tang CM, Goodman J, Brady T, Takahashi V, Daunt A, Lapointe JM, Cohen TS. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Expression In Vitro and Hematologic Effects in Mice Vaccinated With AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Front Immunol 2022; 13:836492. [PMID: 35493482 PMCID: PMC9039667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 can be associated with a prothrombotic state, increasing risk of morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein is purported to directly promote platelet activation via the S1 subunit and is cleaved from host cells during infection. High plasma concentrations of S1 subunit are associated with disease progression and respiratory failure during severe COVID-19. There is limited evidence on whether COVID-19 vaccine-induced spike protein is similarly cleaved and on the immediate effects of vaccination on host immune responses or hematology parameters. We investigated vaccine-induced S1 subunit cleavage and effects on hematology parameters using AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), a simian, replication-deficient adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. We observed S1 subunit cleavage in vitro following AZD1222 transduction of HEK293x cells. S1 subunit cleavage also occurred in vivo and was detectable in sera 12 hours post intramuscular immunization (1x1010 viral particles) in CD-1 mice. Soluble S1 protein levels decreased within 3 days and were no longer detectable 7–14 days post immunization. Intravenous immunization (1x109 viral particles) produced higher soluble S1 protein levels with similar expression kinetics. Spike protein was undetectable by immunohistochemistry 14 days post intramuscular immunization. Intramuscular immunization resulted in transiently lower platelet (12 hours) and white blood cell (12–24 hours) counts relative to vehicle. Similarly, intravenous immunization resulted in lower platelet (24–72 hours) and white blood cell (12–24 hours) counts, and increased neutrophil (2 hours) counts. The responses observed with either route of immunization represent transient hematologic changes and correspond to expected innate immune responses to adenoviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stebbings
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jones
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cotton
- Research and Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Armour
- Regulatory Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Maguire
- Regulatory Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Skellett
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Man Tang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Goodman
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler Brady
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Virginia Takahashi
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Daunt
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Martin Lapointe
- Oncology Safety Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Microbiome Discovery, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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36
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Galiniak S, Mołoń M, Rachel M. Links between Disease Severity, Bacterial Infections and Oxidative Stress in Cystic Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050887. [PMID: 35624751 PMCID: PMC9137818 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common, yet fatal genetic diseases in Caucasians. The presence of a defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator and the massive neutrophils influx into the airways contribute to an imbalance in epithelial cell processes and extracellular fluids and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species and intensification of oxidative stress. The study included 16 controls and 42 participants with CF aged 10 to 38. The products of protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and markers of lipid peroxidation were estimated in the serum of the subjects. Furthermore, we compared the level of oxidative stress in patients with CF according to the severity of disease and type of bacterial infection. Thiol groups and serum TAC decreased significantly in patients with CF (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane were observed in CF subjects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, as the severity of the disease increased, there was a decrease in the thiol groups and TAC levels, as well as an increase in the concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane. CF participants infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had elevated 3-nitrotyrosine concentration levels (p < 0.05), while those infected with Staphylococcus aureus noted a decrease in thiol groups (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of oxidative stress markers were found in the serum of CF patients. Furthermore, oxidative stress progressively increased over the years and along with the severity of the disease. The presence of bacterial infection with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus had a slight effect on oxidative stress, while co-infection by two species did not affect the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Galiniak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.R.); Tel.: +48-17-851-68-38 (S.G.); +48-17-866-46-67 (M.R.)
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Marta Rachel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, State Hospital 2 in Rzeszów, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.R.); Tel.: +48-17-851-68-38 (S.G.); +48-17-866-46-67 (M.R.)
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Barman TK, Singh AK, Bonin JL, Nafiz TN, Salmon SL, Metzger DW. Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159422. [PMID: 35482422 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary infections are frequent complications of viral respiratory infections but the potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with common pulmonary pathogens is poorly understood. We report that co-infection of human ACE2 transgenic mice with sublethal doses of SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae results in synergistic lung inflammation and lethality. Mortality was observed regardless of whether SARS-CoV-2 challenge occurred before or after establishment of sublethal pneumococcal infection. Increased bacterial levels following co-infection were associated with alveolar macrophage depletion and treatment with murine GM-CSF reduced lung bacteria numbers and pathology, and partially protected from death. However, therapeutic targeting of interferons, an approach that is effective against influenza co-infections, failed to increase survival. Combined vaccination against both SARS-CoV-2 and pneumococci resulted in 100% protection against subsequent co-infection. The results indicate that when seasonal respiratory infections return to pre-pandemic levels, they could lead to an increased incidence of lethal COVID-19 superinfections, especially among the unvaccinated population. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarani Kanta Barman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
| | - Amit K Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
| | - Jesse L Bonin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
| | - Tanvir N Nafiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
| | - Sharon L Salmon
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, United States of America
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Cuppen JJM, Gradinaru C, Raap-van Sleuwen BE, de Wit ACE, van der Vegt TAAJ, Savelkoul HFJ. LF-EMF Compound Block Type Signal Activates Human Neutrophilic Granulocytes In Vivo. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:309-316. [PMID: 35481557 PMCID: PMC9324799 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to demonstrate in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design study that a nominal 5 μT low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) signal for 30 min activates neutrophils in vivo in humans. Granularity of neutrophils was measured in blood samples of healthy human volunteers (n = 32) taken before and after exposure for both the exposure and control sessions. A significant decrease in the granularity, indicative of neutrophil activation, was observed both in the exposure measurements and the exposure minus control measurements. Earlier EMF publications show immune function increase in isolated cells and more effective immune responses in animals with infections. This result, therefore, supports the thesis that the exposure can activate the innate immune system in humans, speed up the innate immune response, and may have potential beneficial effects in infectious disease. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J M Cuppen
- Umani Medical BV, Waalre, The Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Possible Impact of LPS and (1→3)-β-D-glucan in Blood from Gut Translocation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071103. [PMID: 35406667 PMCID: PMC8997739 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limited data on the link between gut barrier defects (leaky gut) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), blood samples of COVID-19 cases—mild (upper respiratory tract symptoms without pneumonia; n = 27), moderate (pneumonia without hypoxia; n = 28), and severe (pneumonia with hypoxia; n = 20)—versus healthy control (n = 15) were evaluated, together with in vitro experiments. Accordingly, neutrophil counts, serum cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacteria-free DNA, and NETs parameters (fluorescent-stained nuclear morphology, dsDNA, neutrophil elastase, histone–DNA complex, and myeloperoxidase–DNA complex) were found to differentiate COVID-19 severity, whereas serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) was different between the control and COVID-19 cases. Despite non-detectable bacteria-free DNA in the blood of healthy volunteers, using blood bacteriome analysis, proteobacterial DNA was similarly predominant in both control and COVID-19 cases (all severities). In parallel, only COVID-19 samples from moderate and severe cases, but not mild cases, were activated in vitro NETs, as determined by supernatant dsDNA, Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4, and nuclear morphology. With neutrophil experiments, LPS plus BG (LPS + BG) more prominently induced NETs, cytokines, NFκB, and reactive oxygen species, when compared with the activation by each molecule alone. In conclusion, pathogen molecules (LPS and BG) from gut translocation along with neutrophilia and cytokinemia in COVID-19-activated, NETs-induced hyperinflammation.
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40
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Mou K, Chan SMH, Brassington K, Dobric A, De Luca SN, Seow HJ, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Influenza A Virus-Driven Airway Inflammation may be Dissociated From Limb Muscle Atrophy in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859146. [PMID: 35370652 PMCID: PMC8971713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb muscle dysfunction is a hallmark of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which is further worsened following a viral-induced acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). An amplified airway inflammation underlies the aggravated respiratory symptoms seen during AECOPD, however, its contributory role to limb muscle dysfunction is unclear. The present study examined the impact of influenza A virus (IAV)-induced exacerbation on hind limb muscle parameters. Airway inflammation was established in male BALB/c mice by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 weeks. Exacerbation was then induced via inoculation with IAV, and various lung and muscle parameters were assessed on day 3 (peak of airway inflammation) and day 10 (resolution phase) post-infection. IAV infection exacerbated CS-induced airway inflammation as evidenced by further increases in immune cell counts within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Despite no significant impact on muscle mass, IAV exacerbation worsened the force-generating capacity of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Protein oxidation and myogenic disruption was observed in the TA following CS exposure, however, IAV exacerbation did not augment these detrimental processes. To further explore the contributory role of airway inflammation on myogenic signaling, cultured myotubes were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) derived from bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Despite an amplified inflammatory response in the lung epithelial cells, the CM derived from these cells did not potentiate myogenic disruption in the C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion, our data suggest that certain parameters of limb muscle dysfunction seen during viral-induced AECOPD may be independent of airway inflammation.
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41
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Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity and Persistence. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030311. [PMID: 35335635 PMCID: PMC8948624 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses several challenges to clinicians, due to its unpredictable clinical course. The identification of laboratory biomarkers, specific cellular, and molecular mediators of immune response could contribute to the prognosis and management of COVID-19 patients. Of utmost importance is also the detection of differentially expressed genes, which can serve as transcriptomic signatures, providing information valuable to stratify patients into groups, based on the severity of the disease. The role of biomarkers such as IL-6, procalcitonin, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell counts, etc. has already been highlighted in recently published studies; however, there is a notable amount of new evidence that has not been summarized yet, especially regarding transcriptomic signatures. Hence, in this review, we assess the latest cellular and molecular data and determine the significance of abnormalities in potential biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and persistence. Furthermore, we applied Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using the genes reported as differentially expressed in the literature in order to investigate which biological pathways are significantly enriched. The analysis revealed a number of processes, such as inflammatory response, and monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis, which occur as part of the complex immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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42
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Cai Y, van Putten JP, Gilbert MS, Gerrits WJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Galacto-oligosaccharides as an anti-bacterial and anti-invasive agent in lung infections. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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43
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Quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in rain, air, exhaled breath, and biological fluids by NMR spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2121542119. [PMID: 35165177 PMCID: PMC8872725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121542119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in environmental chemistry, biology, and medicine. H2O2 concentrations typically are 6 to 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of water, making its quantitative detection challenging. We demonstrate that optimized NMR spectroscopy allows direct, interference-free, quantitative measurements of H2O2 down to submicromolar levels in a wide range of fluids, ranging from exhaled breath and air condensate to rain, blood, urine, and saliva. NMR measurements confirm the previously reported spontaneous generation of H2O2 in microdroplets that form when condensing water vapor on a hydrophobic surface, which can interfere with atmospheric H2O2 measurements. Its antimicrobial activity and strong seasonal variation speculatively could be linked to the seasonality of respiratory viral diseases.
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44
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Muralidharan A, Wyatt TA, Reid SP. SARS-CoV-2 Dysregulates Neutrophil Degranulation and Reduces Lymphocyte Counts. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020382. [PMID: 35203591 PMCID: PMC8962352 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has given rise to one of the largest pandemics, affecting millions worldwide. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios have been identified as an important correlate to poor recovery rates in severe COVID-19 patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this clinical outcome and the reasons for its correlation to poor prognosis are unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms involved in healthy neutrophils acquiring a SARS-CoV-2-mediated detrimental role are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we isolated circulating neutrophils from healthy donors for treatment with supernates from infected epithelial cells and direct infection with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Infected epithelial cells induced a dysregulated degranulation of primary granules with a decrease in myeloperoxidase (MPO), but slight increase in neutrophil elastase release. Infection of neutrophils resulted in an impairment of both MPO and elastase release, even though CD16 receptor shedding was upregulated. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-infected neutrophils had a direct effect on peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, with decreasing numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells. Together, this study highlights the independent role of neutrophils in contributing to the aberrant immune responses observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection that may be further dysregulated in the presence of other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaya Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA;
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - St Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA;
- Correspondence:
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45
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Dutt TS, LaVergne SM, Webb TL, Baxter BA, Stromberg S, McFann K, Berry K, Tipton M, Alnachoukati O, Zier L, Ebel G, Dunn J, Henao-Tamayo M, Ryan EP. Comprehensive Immune Profiling Reveals CD56 + Monocytes and CD31 + Endothelial Cells Are Increased in Severe COVID-19 Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:685-696. [PMID: 34987111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune response dysregulation plays a key role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated immune and endothelial blood cell profiles of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine critical differences between those with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 using spectral flow cytometry. We examined a suite of immune phenotypes, including monocytes, T cells, NK cells, B cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils, alongside surface and intracellular markers of activation. Our results showed progressive lymphopenia and depletion of T cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) in patients with severe disease and a significant increase in the CD56+CD14+Ki67+IFN-γ+ monocyte population in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 that has not been previously described. Enhanced circulating endothelial cells (CD45-CD31+CD34+CD146+), circulating endothelial progenitors (CD45-CD31+CD34+/-CD146-), and neutrophils (CD11b+CD66b+) were coevaluated for COVID-19 severity. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated the synergism among age, obesity, and hypertension with upregulated CD56+ monocytes, endothelial cells, and decreased T cells that lead to severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Circulating monocytes and endothelial cells may represent important cellular markers for monitoring postacute sequelae and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection during convalescence and for their role in immune host defense in high-risk adults after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru S Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Stephanie M LaVergne
- Department of Environmental Radiological and Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tracy L Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental Radiological and Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sophia Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kim McFann
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO
| | - Kailey Berry
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Madison Tipton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and
| | - Omar Alnachoukati
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO
| | - Linda Zier
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO
| | - Greg Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Julie Dunn
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO.,University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental Radiological and Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO;
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46
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Mackay CR, Ng LG, Kwok I. Neutrophil subsets and their differential roles in viral respiratory diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1159-1173. [PMID: 35040189 PMCID: PMC9015493 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1221-345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play significant roles in immune homeostasis and as neutralizers of microbial infections. Recent evidence further suggests heterogeneity of neutrophil developmental and activation states that exert specialized effector functions during inflammatory disease conditions. Neutrophils can play multiple roles during viral infections, secreting inflammatory mediators and cytokines that contribute significantly to host defense and pathogenicity. However, their roles in viral immunity are not well understood. In this review, we present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and its impact on the course and severity of viral respiratory infectious diseases. We focus on the evidence demonstrating the crucial roles neutrophils play in the immune response toward respiratory infections, using influenza as a model. We further extend the understanding of neutrophil function with the studies pertaining to COVID‐19 disease and its neutrophil‐associated pathologies. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these results for future therapeutic options through targeting and regulating neutrophil‐specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Department of Research, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Charles R Mackay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
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47
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Renal and Inflammation Markers-Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010108. [PMID: 35054276 PMCID: PMC8774569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of asymptomatic infection and the occurrence of symptomatic COVID-19 on specific biochemical, renal, and immune parameters—renalase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine—and their weekly fluctuations during a one-month observation period in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital. The study involved 86 individuals: 30 patients with diagnosed COVID-19, 28 people with asymptomatic infection confirmed with IgG antibodies—the IG(+) group—and 28 individuals without any (IgG, IgE) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies—the IG(−) group. In the COVID-19 group, blood was drawn four times: (1) on day 0/1 after admission to hospital (C1 group), (2) 7 days later (C7 group), (3) 14 days later (C14 group), and (4) 28 days later (C28 group). In the IG(−) and IG(+) groups, blood was drawn once. There were no significant differences in creatinine, Cys C, and uric acid between any of the analyzed groups. NGAL levels were significantly higher in IG(+) and at all time-points in the COVID-19 groups than in controls. A similar observation was made for renalase at the C7, C14, and C28 time-points. Plasma renalase, NGAL, and CysC are unrelated to kidney function in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients and those with asymptomatic infection. Renalase and NGAL are most likely related to the activation of the immune system rather than kidney function. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a rise in plasma NGAL levels similar to those observed in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more attention should be paid to tracking and monitoring the health of these people.
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48
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Peng Y, Felce SL, Dong D, Penkava F, Mentzer AJ, Yao X, Liu G, Yin Z, Chen JL, Lu Y, Wellington D, Wing PAC, Dominey-Foy DCC, Jin C, Wang W, Hamid MA, Fernandes RA, Wang B, Fries A, Zhuang X, Ashley N, Rostron T, Waugh C, Sopp P, Hublitz P, Beveridge R, Tan TK, Dold C, Kwok AJ, Rich-Griffin C, Dejnirattisa W, Liu C, Kurupati P, Nassiri I, Watson RA, Tong O, Taylor CA, Kumar Sharma P, Sun B, Curion F, Revale S, Garner LC, Jansen K, Ferreira RC, Attar M, Fry JW, Russell RA, Stauss HJ, James W, Townsend A, Ho LP, Klenerman P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Dendrou C, Sansom SN, Bashford-Rogers R, Chain B, Smith GL, McKeating JA, Fairfax BP, Bowness P, McMichael AJ, Ogg G, Knight JC, Dong T. An immunodominant NP 105-113-B*07:02 cytotoxic T cell response controls viral replication and is associated with less severe COVID-19 disease. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:50-61. [PMID: 34853448 PMCID: PMC8709787 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
NP105-113-B*07:02-specific CD8+ T cell responses are considered among the most dominant in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. We found strong association of this response with mild disease. Analysis of NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cell clones and single-cell sequencing were performed concurrently, with functional avidity and antiviral efficacy assessed using an in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection system, and were correlated with T cell receptor usage, transcriptome signature and disease severity (acute n = 77, convalescent n = 52). We demonstrated a beneficial association of NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cells in COVID-19 disease progression, linked with expansion of T cell precursors, high functional avidity and antiviral effector function. Broad immune memory pools were narrowed postinfection but NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cells were maintained 6 months after infection with preserved antiviral efficacy to the SARS-CoV-2 Victoria strain, as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants. Our data show that NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cell responses associate with mild disease and high antiviral efficacy, pointing to inclusion for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danning Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Radiation Therapy, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Frank Penkava
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guihai Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Yin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yongxu Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dannielle Wellington
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Delaney C C Dominey-Foy
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chen Jin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Megat Abd Hamid
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo A Fernandes
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anastasia Fries
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Single Cell Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Rostron
- Sequencing Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig Waugh
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Sopp
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Hublitz
- Genome Engineering Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Beveridge
- Virus Screening Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Kwok
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prathiba Kurupati
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isar Nassiri
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert A Watson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Orion Tong
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chelsea A Taylor
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyush Kumar Sharma
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bo Sun
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabiola Curion
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Santiago Revale
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Garner
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathrin Jansen
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rebecca A Russell
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - William James
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriaj Hospital, Mahidol Unviversity, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Calliope Dendrou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jane A McKeating
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Velez-Hoyos A, Jimenez-tobon GA. Highlights of infectious agents in tissue. Pathology 2022; 54:217-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reijnders TDY, Schuurman AR, van der Poll T. The Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses: From Start to Memory. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:759-770. [PMID: 34918319 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research has long strived to improve our understanding of the immune response to respiratory viral infections, an effort that has become all the more important as we live through the consequences of a pandemic. The disease course of these infections is shaped in large part by the actions of various cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. While these cells are crucial in clearing viral pathogens and establishing long-term immunity, their effector mechanisms may also escalate into excessive, tissue-destructive inflammation detrimental to the host. In this review, we describe the breadth of the immune response to infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Throughout, we focus on the host rather than the pathogen and try to describe shared patterns in the host response to different viruses. We start with the local cells of the airways, onto the recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, followed by the establishment of local and systemic memory cells key in protection against reinfection. We end by exploring how respiratory viral infections can predispose to bacterial superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Y Reijnders
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex R Schuurman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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