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Uchino E, Kusumoto-Yoshida I, Kashiwadani H, Kanmura Y, Matsunaga A, Kuwaki T. Identification of hypothermia-inducing neurons in the preoptic area and activation of them by isoflurane anesthesia and central injection of adenosine. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:33. [PMID: 38867187 PMCID: PMC11167735 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hibernation and torpor are not passive responses caused by external temperature drops and fasting but are active brain functions that lower body temperature. A population of neurons in the preoptic area was recently identified as such active torpor-regulating neurons. We hypothesized that the other hypothermia-inducing maneuvers would also activate these neurons. To test our hypothesis, we first refined the previous observations, examined the brain regions explicitly activated during the falling phase of body temperature using c-Fos expression, and confirmed the preoptic area. Next, we observed long-lasting hypothermia by reactivating torpor-tagged Gq-expressing neurons using the activity tagging and DREADD systems. Finally, we found that about 40-60% of torpor-tagged neurons were activated by succeeding isoflurane anesthesia and by icv administration of an adenosine A1 agonist. Isoflurane-induced and central adenosine-induced hypothermia is, at least in part, an active process mediated by the torpor-regulating neurons in the preoptic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Uchino
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwadani
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kanmura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Matsunaga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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2
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Škop V, Liu N, Xiao C, Stinson E, Chen KY, Hall KD, Piaggi P, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Beyond day and night: The importance of ultradian rhythms in mouse physiology. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101946. [PMID: 38657735 PMCID: PMC11070603 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our circadian world shapes much of metabolic physiology. In mice ∼40% of the light and ∼80% of the dark phase time is characterized by bouts of increased energy expenditure (EE). These ultradian bouts have a higher body temperature (Tb) and thermal conductance and contain virtually all of the physical activity and awake time. Bout status is a better classifier of mouse physiology than photoperiod, with ultradian bouts superimposed on top of the circadian light/dark cycle. We suggest that the primary driver of ultradian bouts is a brain-initiated transition to a higher defended Tb of the active/awake state. Increased energy expenditure from brown adipose tissue, physical activity, and cardiac work combine to raise Tb from the lower defended Tb of the resting/sleeping state. Thus, unlike humans, much of mouse metabolic physiology is episodic with large ultradian increases in EE and Tb that correlate with the active/awake state and are poorly aligned with circadian cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Stinson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Zhou G, Bao K, Xiao H, Ge Y, Kong X, Liu T. Measurement of Energy Expenditure by Indirect Calorimetry with a Whole-Room Calorimeter. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:203-212. [PMID: 38884055 PMCID: PMC11169320 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Energy plays a vital role in biological processes. To assess energy metabolism status in a large population cohort, the standard operating procedure for measuring energy expenditure measurement using a whole-room calorimeter was purposed in this study. This protocol illustrates the procedure and specific details for validating methanol burning and evaluating the metabolic status of volunteers. In metabolic status evaluation, the (1) O2 consumption, (2) CO2 production, (3) energy expenditure, and (4) respiratory exchange ratio were first measured at resting and provided as basic phenotype items in Human Phenotype Atlas. Besides, it includes the procedure and results for measuring exercise-related activity thermogenesis and evaluating the impact of environmental temperature on energy metabolism. These results demonstrate the broader utility of the whole-room calorimeter. The implementation of this protocol is expected to enhance the data comparability in Human Phenotype Atla and provide a valuable reference for metabolism-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhou
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Kaixuan Bao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yamin Ge
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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4
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Jayne L, Lavin-Peter A, Roessler J, Tyshkovskiy A, Antoszewski M, Ren E, Markovski A, Sun S, Yao H, Sankaran VG, Gladyshev VN, Brooke RT, Horvath S, Griffith EC, Hrvatin S. A torpor-like state (TLS) in mice slows blood epigenetic aging and prolongs healthspan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585828. [PMID: 38585858 PMCID: PMC10996477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Torpor and hibernation are extreme physiological adaptations of homeotherms associated with pro-longevity effects. Yet the underlying mechanisms of how torpor affects aging, and whether hypothermic and hypometabolic states can be induced to slow aging and increase health span, remain unknown. We demonstrate that the activity of a spatially defined neuronal population in the avMLPA, which has previously been identified as a torpor-regulating brain region, is sufficient to induce a torpor like state (TLS) in mice. Prolonged induction of TLS slows epigenetic aging across multiple tissues and improves health span. We isolate the effects of decreased metabolic rate, long-term caloric restriction, and decreased core body temperature (Tb) on blood epigenetic aging and find that the pro-longevity effect of torpor-like states is mediated by decreased Tb. Taken together, our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the pro-longevity effects of torpor and hibernation and support the growing body of evidence that Tb is an important mediator of aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Jayne
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aurora Lavin-Peter
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julian Roessler
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mateusz Antoszewski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erika Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aleksandar Markovski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Senmiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanqi Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vijay G. Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Steve Horvath
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric C. Griffith
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sinisa Hrvatin
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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5
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:143-158. [PMID: 38316956 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain controls heat generation and heat loss mechanisms that regulate body temperature and energy metabolism. Thermoeffectors include brown adipose tissue, cutaneous blood flow and skeletal muscle, and metabolic energy sources include white adipose tissue. Neural and metabolic pathways modulating the activity and functional plasticity of these mechanisms contribute not only to the optimization of function during acute challenges, such as ambient temperature changes, infection and stress, but also to longitudinal adaptations to environmental and internal changes. Exposure of humans to repeated and seasonal cold ambient conditions leads to adaptations in thermoeffectors such as habituation of cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering. In animals that undergo hibernation and torpor, neurally regulated metabolic and thermoregulatory adaptations enable survival during periods of significant reduction in metabolic rate. In addition, changes in diet can activate accessory neural pathways that alter thermoeffector activity. This knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, including treatments for obesity and improved means of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Riera CE. Wiring the Brain for Wellness: Sensory Integration in Feeding and Thermogenesis: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:338-347. [PMID: 38377445 PMCID: PMC10882152 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of sensory signals from within the body (interoceptive) and from the external environment (exteroceptive), along with the integration of these cues by the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. This orchestration is vital for regulating processes related to both food intake and energy expenditure. Animal model studies indicate that manipulating specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system which influence these processes can effectively modify energy balance. This body of work presents an opportunity for the development of innovative weight loss therapies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this overview, we delve into the sensory cues and the neuronal populations responsible for their integration, exploring their potential in the development of weight loss treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article is the first in a series of Perspectives that report on research funded by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes program. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline E. Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Hare MT, Carter ME, Swoap SJ. Activation of oxytocinergic neurons enhances torpor in mice. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:95-104. [PMID: 38170253 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mus musculus enters a torpid state in response to caloric restriction in sub-thermoneutral ambient temperatures. This torpid state is characterized by an adaptive and controlled decrease in metabolic rate, heart rate, body temperature, and activity. Previous research has identified the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) within the hypothalamus, a region containing oxytocin neurons, as a location that is active during torpor onset. We hypothesized that oxytocin neurons within the PVN are part of this neural circuit and that activation of oxytocin neurons would deepen and lengthen torpor bouts. We report that activation of oxytocin neurons alone is not sufficient to induce a torpor-like state in the fed mouse, with no significant difference in body temperature or heart rate upon activation of oxytocin neurons. However, we found that activation of oxytocin neurons prior to the onset of daily torpor both deepens and lengthens the subsequent bout, with a 1.7 ± 0.4 °C lower body temperature and a 135 ± 32 min increase in length. We therefore conclude that oxytocin neurons are involved in the neural circuitry controlling daily torpor in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia T Hare
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Matthew E Carter
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA.
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Cerri M. Torpor: A whole-brain view of the underlying neural network. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R33-R35. [PMID: 38194928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Torpor is a physiological state with substantial translational implications. In recent years, several brain regions responsible for controlling torpor have been pinpointed. The latest research, employing comprehensive whole-brain anatomical analysis, offers insights into a broader network responsible for regulating torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) - Sezione Di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Genetics and Epigenetics of Behaviour (GEB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy.
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9
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Liu C, Yu H, Li Z, Chen S, Li X, Chen X, Chen B. The future of artificial hibernation medicine: protection of nerves and organs after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:22-28. [PMID: 37488839 PMCID: PMC10479867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a serious disease of the central nervous system involving irreversible nerve injury and various organ system injuries. At present, no effective clinical treatment exists. As one of the artificial hibernation techniques, mild hypothermia has preliminarily confirmed its clinical effect on spinal cord injury. However, its technical defects and barriers, along with serious clinical side effects, restrict its clinical application for spinal cord injury. Artificial hibernation is a future-oriented disruptive technology for human life support. It involves endogenous hibernation inducers and hibernation-related central neuromodulation that activate particular neurons, reduce the central constant temperature setting point, disrupt the normal constant body temperature, make the body "adapt" to the external cold environment, and reduce the physiological resistance to cold stimulation. Thus, studying the artificial hibernation mechanism may help develop new treatment strategies more suitable for clinical use than the cooling method of mild hypothermia technology. This review introduces artificial hibernation technologies, including mild hypothermia technology, hibernation inducers, and hibernation-related central neuromodulation technology. It summarizes the relevant research on hypothermia and hibernation for organ and nerve protection. These studies show that artificial hibernation technologies have therapeutic significance on nerve injury after spinal cord injury through inflammatory inhibition, immunosuppression, oxidative defense, and possible central protection. It also promotes the repair and protection of respiratory and digestive, cardiovascular, locomotor, urinary, and endocrine systems. This review provides new insights for the clinical treatment of nerve and multiple organ protection after spinal cord injury thanks to artificial hibernation. At present, artificial hibernation technology is not mature, and research faces various challenges. Nevertheless, the effort is worthwhile for the future development of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengchao Li
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulian Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Tianjin, China
- Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
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10
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Yamaguchi H, Murphy KR, Fukatsu N, Sato K, Yamanaka A, de Lecea L. Dorsomedial and preoptic hypothalamic circuits control torpor. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5381-5389.e4. [PMID: 37992720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Endotherms can survive low temperatures and food shortage by actively entering a hypometabolic state known as torpor. Although the decrease in metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb) during torpor is controlled by the brain, the specific neural circuits underlying these processes have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identify the neural circuits involved in torpor regulation by combining whole-brain mapping of torpor-activated neurons, cell-type-specific manipulation of neural activity, and viral tracing-based circuit mapping. We find that Trpm2-positive neurons in the preoptic area and Vgat-positive neurons in the dorsal medial hypothalamus are activated during torpor. Genetic silencing shows that the activity of either cell type is necessary to enter the torpor state. Finally, we show that these cells receive projections from the arcuate and suprachiasmatic nucleus and send projections to brain regions involved in thermoregulation. Our results demonstrate an essential role of hypothalamic neurons in the regulation of Tb and metabolic rate during torpor and identify critical nodes of the torpor regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Neural Regulation, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noriaki Fukatsu
- Department of System Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Ma W, Li L, Kong L, Zhang H, Yuan P, Huang Z, Wang Y. Whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to lateral periaqueductal gray glutamatergic neurons in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:4147-4159. [PMID: 37424163 PMCID: PMC10651995 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lateral periaqueductal gray (LPAG), which mainly contains glutamatergic neurons, plays an important role in social responses, pain, and offensive and defensive behaviors. Currently, the whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to LPAG glutamatergic neurons are unknown. This study aims to explore the structural framework of the underlying neural mechanisms of LPAG glutamatergic neurons. METHODS This study used retrograde tracing systems based on the rabies virus, Cre-LoxP technology, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS We found that 59 nuclei projected monosynaptic inputs to the LPAG glutamatergic neurons. In addition, seven hypothalamic nuclei, namely the lateral hypothalamic area (LH), lateral preoptic area (LPO), substantia innominata (SI), medial preoptic area, ventral pallidum, posterior hypothalamic area, and lateral globus pallidus, projected most densely to the LPAG glutamatergic neurons. Notably, we discovered through further immunofluorescence analysis that the inputs to the LPAG glutamatergic neurons were colocalized with several markers related to important neurological functions associated with physiological behaviors. CONCLUSION The LPAG glutamatergic neurons received dense projections from the hypothalamus, especially nuclei such as LH, LPO, and SI. The input neurons were colocalized with several markers of physiological behaviors, which show the pivotal role of glutamatergic neurons in the physiological behaviors regulation by LPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ling‐Xi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re‐evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of PharmacyWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Ping‐Chuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re‐evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of PharmacyWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Zhi‐Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Qun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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12
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Mirmira RG, Kulkarni RN, Xu P, Drossos T, Varady K, Knutson KL, Reutrakul S, Martyn-Nemeth P, Sargis RM, Wallia A, Tuchman AM, Weissberg-Benchell J, Danielson KK, Oakes SA, Thomas CC, Layden BT, May SC, Burbea Hoffmann M, Gatta E, Solway J, Philipson LH. Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 th Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e263. [PMID: 38229904 PMCID: PMC10790105 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19th annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022. There, researchers primarily from the Chicago area met to explore how different sources of stress - from the cells to the community - impact diabetes outcomes. Presenters discussed the consequences of stress arising from mutant proteins, obesity, sleep disturbances, environmental pollutants, COVID-19, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. This symposium showcased the latest diabetes research and highlighted promising new treatment approaches for mitigating stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tina Drossos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Martyn-Nemeth
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirstie K. Danielson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Wang R, Xiao L, Pan J, Bao G, Zhu Y, Zhu D, Wang J, Pei C, Ma Q, Fu X, Wang Z, Zhu M, Wang G, Gong L, Tong Q, Jiang M, Hu J, He M, Wang Y, Li T, Liang C, Li W, Xia C, Li Z, Ma DK, Tan M, Liu JY, Jiang W, Luo C, Yu B, Dang Y. Natural product P57 induces hypothermia through targeting pyridoxal kinase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5984. [PMID: 37752106 PMCID: PMC10522591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme environmental conditions. However, pharmacological induction of hypothermia in most mammals remains a huge challenge. Here we show that a natural product P57 promptly induces hypothermia and decreases energy expenditure in mice. Mechanistically, P57 inhibits the kinase activity of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), a key metabolic enzyme of vitamin B6 catalyzing phosphorylation of pyridoxal (PL), resulting in the accumulation of PL in hypothalamus to cause hypothermia. The hypothermia induced by P57 is significantly blunted in the mice with knockout of PDXK in the preoptic area (POA) of hypothalamus. We further found that P57 and PL have consistent effects on gene expression regulation in hypothalamus, and they may activate medial preoptic area (MPA) neurons in POA to induce hypothermia. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that P57 has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia through regulation of vitamin B6 metabolism and PDXK serves as a previously unknown target of P57 in thermoregulation. In addition, P57 may serve as a chemical probe for exploring the neuron circuitry related to hypothermia state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangsen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunmei Zhu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinfeng Ma
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Fu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziruoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junchi Hu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmin Liang
- Lab of Tumor Immunology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan Liu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Antwi-Amoabeng D, Sathappan S, Firzli TR, Beutler BD, Ulanja MB, Gbadebo TD. A nationwide analysis of the outcomes in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and temperature-related illnesses. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100269. [PMID: 37557004 PMCID: PMC10432905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors evaluated mortality and indices of cost of care among inpatients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and a diagnosis of a Temperature-Related Illness (TRI). The authors also assessed trends in the prevalence of TRIs among AF hospitalizations. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the authors used discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) collected between January 2005 and September 2015 to identify patients with a diagnosis of AF and TRI. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. RESULTS A total of 37,933 encounters were included. The median age was 79 years. Males were slightly overrepresented relative to females (54.2% vs. 45.8%, respectively). Although Blacks were only 6.6% of the cohort, they represented 12.2% of the TRI cases. Compared to non-TRI-related hospitalizations, a diagnosis of a TRI was associated with an increased likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation (16.5% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001), longer length-of-stay (5 vs. 4 days, p < 0.001), higher cost of care (10,082 vs. 8,607, in US dollars p < 0.001), and increased mortality (18.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001). Compared to non-TRI, cold-related illness portends higher odds of mortality 4.68, 95% Confidence Interval (4.35-5.04), p < 0.001, and heat-related illness was associated with less odds of mortality, but this was not statistically significant 0.77 (0.57-1.03), p = 0.88. CONCLUSION The occurrence of TRI among hospitalized AF patients is small but there is an increasing trend in the prevalence, which more than doubled over the decade in this study. Individuals with AF who are admitted with a TRI face significantly poorer outcomes than those admitted without a TRI including higher mortality. Cold-related illness is associated with higher odds of mortality. Further research is required to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these findings and identify strategies to prevent TRIs in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarek R Firzli
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, USA
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Mark B Ulanja
- Christus Ochsner St. Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, USA
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15
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Takahashi TM, Sakurai T, Hirano A. Measuring body temperature of freely moving mice under an optogenetics-induced long-term hypothermic state. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102321. [PMID: 37267111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a protocol for inducing a hibernation-like state in free-moving mice using optogenetics. We have recently developed an optogenetic technique utilizing modified Opsin4, which is activated by weak blue light, resulting in prolonged neuronal excitation. We describe a protocol that includes detailed instructions for virus injection, implantation of optic fibers and temperature transmitters, photostimulation, and real-time recording of body temperature in mice. This method is valuable for investigating the mechanisms underlying torpor and thermoregulation in mice. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Takahashi et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru M Takahashi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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16
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Jastroch M, van Breukelen F. Hypometabolism with the speed of ultrasound. Nat Metab 2023; 5:722-723. [PMID: 37231249 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Yang Y, Yuan J, Field RL, Ye D, Hu Z, Xu K, Xu L, Gong Y, Yue Y, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Cui J, Brestoff JR, Chen H. Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound. Nat Metab 2023; 5:789-803. [PMID: 37231250 PMCID: PMC10229429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00804-z,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the noninvasive, precise and safe induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by remote transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the hypothalamus preoptic area (POA). We achieve a long-lasting (>24 h) torpor-like state in mice via closed-loop feedback control of ultrasound stimulation with automated detection of body temperature. Ultrasound-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (UIH) is triggered by activation of POA neurons, involves the dorsomedial hypothalamus as a downstream brain region and subsequent inhibition of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. We also demonstrate that UIH is feasible in a non-torpid animal, the rat. Our findings establish UIH as a promising technology for the noninvasive and safe induction of a torpor-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Bioengineering, Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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18
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Yang Y, Yuan J, Field RL, Ye D, Hu Z, Xu K, Xu L, Gong Y, Yue Y, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Cui J, Brestoff JR, Chen H. Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound. Nat Metab 2023; 5:789-803. [PMID: 37231250 PMCID: PMC10229429 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the noninvasive, precise and safe induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by remote transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the hypothalamus preoptic area (POA). We achieve a long-lasting (>24 h) torpor-like state in mice via closed-loop feedback control of ultrasound stimulation with automated detection of body temperature. Ultrasound-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (UIH) is triggered by activation of POA neurons, involves the dorsomedial hypothalamus as a downstream brain region and subsequent inhibition of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. We also demonstrate that UIH is feasible in a non-torpid animal, the rat. Our findings establish UIH as a promising technology for the noninvasive and safe induction of a torpor-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Bioengineering, Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Long A, Liu Y, Fang X, Jia L, Li Z, Hu J, Wu S, Chen C, Huang P, Wang Y. Famsin, a novel gut-secreted hormone, contributes to metabolic adaptations to fasting via binding to its receptor OLFR796. Cell Res 2023; 33:273-287. [PMID: 36806353 PMCID: PMC10066382 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption and orchestrates metabolism in different organs during feeding, a process which is partly controlled by intestine-derived hormones. However, it is unclear whether the intestine plays an important role in metabolism during fasting. Here we have identified a novel hormone, famsin, which is secreted from the intestine and promotes metabolic adaptations to fasting. Mechanistically, famsin is shed from a single-pass transmembrane protein, Gm11437, during fasting and then binds OLFR796, an olfactory receptor, to activate intracellular calcium mobilization. This famsin-OLFR796 signaling axis promotes gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis for energy mobilization, and torpor for energy conservation during fasting. In addition, neutralization of famsin by an antibody improves blood glucose profiles in diabetic models, which identifies famsin as a potential therapeutic target for treating diabetes. Therefore, our results demonstrate that communication between the intestine and other organs by a famsin-OLFR796 signaling axis is critical for metabolic adaptations to fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Tupone D, Hernan S, Chiavetta P, Morrison S, Cano G. Central circuit controlling thermoregulatory inversion and torpor-like state. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2698203. [PMID: 36993654 PMCID: PMC10055657 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2698203/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
To maintain core body temperature in mammals, the CNS thermoregulatory networks respond to cold exposure by increasing brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. However, in hibernation or torpor, this normal thermoregulatory response is supplanted by "thermoregulatory inversion", an altered homeostatic state in which cold exposure causes inhibition of thermogenesis and warm exposure stimulates thermogenesis. Here we demonstrate the existence of a novel, dynorphinergic thermoregulatory reflex pathway between the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus and the dorsomedial hypothalamus that bypasses the normal thermoregulatory integrator in the hypothalamic preoptic area to play a critical role in mediating the inhibition of thermogenesis during thermoregulatory inversion. Our results indicate the existence of a neural circuit mechanism for thermoregulatory inversion within the CNS thermoregulatory pathways and support the potential for inducing a homeostatically-regulated, therapeutic hypothermia in non-hibernating species, including humans.
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21
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Spool JA, Lally AP, Remage-Healey L. Top-down, auditory pallial regulation of the social behavior network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531754. [PMID: 36945416 PMCID: PMC10028912 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Social encounters rely on sensory cues that carry nuanced information to guide social decision-making. While high-level features of social signals are processed in the telencephalic pallium, nuclei controlling social behaviors, called the social behavior network (SBN), reside mainly in the diencephalon. Although it is well known how mammalian olfactory pallium interfaces with the SBN, there is little information for how pallial processing of other sensory modalities can modulate SBN circuits. This is surprising given the importance of complex vocalizations, for example, for social behavior in many vertebrate taxa such as humans and birds. Using gregarious and highly vocal songbirds, female Zebra finches, we asked to what extent auditory pallial circuits provide consequential input to the SBN as it processes social sensory cues. We transiently inactivated auditory pallium of female Zebra finches during song playback and examined song-induced activation in SBN nuclei. Auditory pallial inactivation impaired responses to song specifically within the lateral ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMHl), providing the first evidence in vertebrates of a connection between auditory pallium and the SBN. This same treatment elevated feeding behavior, which also correlated with VMHl activation. This suggests that signals from auditory pallium to VMHl can tune the balance between social attention and feeding drive. A descending influence of sensory pallium on hypothalamic circuits could therefore provide a functional connection for the integration of social stimuli with internal state to influence social decision-making. SIGNIFICANCE Sensory cues such as vocalizations contain important social information. These social signals can be substantially nuanced, containing information about vocalizer identity, prior experience, valence, and emotional state. Processing these features of vocalizations necessitates processing the fast, complex sound streams in song or speech, which depends on circuits in pallial cortex. But whether and how this information is then transferred to social circuits in limbic and hypothalamic regions remains a mystery. Here, we identify a top-down influence of the songbird auditory pallium on one specific node of the social behavior network within the hypothalamus. Descending functional connections such as these may be critical for the wide range of vertebrate species that rely on intricate sensory communication signals to guide social decision-making.
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22
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Zhou Q, Fu X, Xu J, Dong S, Liu C, Cheng D, Gao C, Huang M, Liu Z, Ni X, Hua R, Tu H, Sun H, Shen Q, Chen B, Zhang J, Zhang L, Yang H, Hu J, Yang W, Pei W, Yao Q, Sheng X, Zhang J, Yang WZ, Shen WL. Hypothalamic warm-sensitive neurons require TRPC4 channel for detecting internal warmth and regulating body temperature in mice. Neuron 2023; 111:387-404.e8. [PMID: 36476978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise monitoring of internal temperature is vital for thermal homeostasis in mammals. For decades, warm-sensitive neurons (WSNs) within the preoptic area (POA) were thought to sense internal warmth, using this information as feedback to regulate body temperature (Tcore). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which WSNs measure temperature remain largely undefined. Via a pilot genetic screen, we found that silencing the TRPC4 channel in mice substantially attenuated hypothermia induced by light-mediated heating of the POA. Loss-of-function studies of TRPC4 confirmed its role in warm sensing in GABAergic WSNs, causing additional defects in basal temperature setting, warm defense, and fever responses. Furthermore, TRPC4 antagonists and agonists bidirectionally regulated Tcore. Thus, our data indicate that TRPC4 is essential for sensing internal warmth and that TRPC4-expressing GABAergic WSNs function as a novel cellular sensor for preventing Tcore from exceeding set-point temperatures. TRPC4 may represent a potential therapeutic target for managing Tcore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Thermoregulation and Inflammation Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cuicui Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minhua Huang
- Department of Biophysics, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongqing Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Baoting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liye Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weihua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Thermoregulation and Inflammation Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China.
| | - Wen Z Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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23
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Rocks D, Kundakovic M. Hippocampus-based behavioral, structural, and molecular dynamics across the estrous cycle. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13216. [PMID: 36580348 PMCID: PMC10050126 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activity of neurons in the rodent hippocampus contributes to diverse behaviors, with the activity of ventral hippocampal neurons affecting behaviors related to anxiety and emotion regulation, and the activity of dorsal hippocampal neurons affecting performance in learning- and memory-related tasks. Hippocampal cells also express receptors for ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and are therefore affected by physiological fluctuations of those hormones that occur over the rodent estrous cycle. In this review, we discuss the effects of cycling ovarian hormones on hippocampal physiology. Starting with behavior, we explore the role of the estrous cycle in regulating hippocampus-dependent behaviors. We go on to detail the cellular mechanisms through which cycling estrogen and progesterone, through changes in the structural and functional properties of hippocampal neurons, may be eliciting these changes in behavior. Then, providing a basis for these cellular changes, we outline the epigenetic, chromatin regulatory mechanisms through which ovarian hormones, by binding to their receptors, can affect the regulation of behavior- and synaptic plasticity-related genes in hippocampal neurons. We also highlight an unconventional role that chromatin dynamics may have in regulating neuronal function across the estrous cycle, including in sex hormone-driven X chromosome plasticity and hormonally-induced epigenetic priming. Finally, we discuss directions for future studies and the translational value of the rodent estrous cycle for understanding the effects of the human menstrual cycle on hippocampal physiology and brain disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Rocks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University; Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marija Kundakovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University; Bronx, NY, USA
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24
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Padamsey Z, Rochefort NL. Paying the brain's energy bill. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102668. [PMID: 36571958 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
How have animals managed to maintain metabolically expensive brains given the volatile and fleeting availability of calories in the natural world? Here we review studies in support of three strategies that involve: 1) a reallocation of energy from peripheral tissues and functions to cover the costs of the brain, 2) an implementation of energy-efficient neural coding, enabling the brain to operate at reduced energy costs, and 3) efficient use of costly neural resources during food scarcity. Collectively, these studies reveal a heterogeneous set of energy-saving mechanisms that make energy-costly brains fit for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Padamsey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Nathalie L Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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25
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Gaitonde KD, Andrabi M, Burger CA, D'Souza SP, Vemaraju S, Koritala BSC, Smith DF, Lang RA. Diurnal regulation of metabolism by Gs-alpha in hypothalamic QPLOT neurons. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284824. [PMID: 37141220 PMCID: PMC10159165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) regulate multiple homeostatic processes, including thermoregulation and sleep, by sensing afferent input and modulating sympathetic nervous system output. The POA has an autonomous circadian clock and may also receive circadian signals indirectly from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We have previously defined a subset of neurons in the POA termed QPLOT neurons that are identified by the expression of molecular markers (Qrfp, Ptger3, LepR, Opn5, Tacr3) that suggest receptivity to multiple stimuli. Because Ptger3, Opn5, and Tacr3 encode G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), we hypothesized that elucidating the G-protein signaling in these neurons is essential to understanding the interplay of inputs in the regulation of metabolism. Here, we describe how the stimulatory Gs-alpha subunit (Gnas) in QPLOT neurons regulates metabolism in mice. We analyzed Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice using indirect calorimetry at ambient temperatures of 22°C (a historical standard), 10°C (a cold challenge), and 28°C (thermoneutrality) to assess the ability of QPLOT neurons to regulate metabolism. We observed a marked decrease in nocturnal locomotion of Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice at both 28°C and 22°C, but no overall differences in energy expenditure, respiratory exchange, or food and water consumption. To analyze daily rhythmic patterns of metabolism, we assessed circadian parameters including amplitude, phase, and MESOR. Loss-of-function GNAS in QPLOT neurons resulted in several subtle rhythmic changes in multiple metabolic parameters. We observed that Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice show a higher rhythm-adjusted mean energy expenditure at 22°C and 10°C, and an exaggerated respiratory exchange shift with temperature. At 28°C, Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice have a significant delay in the phase of energy expenditure and respiratory exchange. Rhythmic analysis also showed limited increases in rhythm-adjusted means of food and water intake at 22°C and 28°C. Together, these data advance our understanding of Gαs-signaling in preoptic QPLOT neurons in regulating daily patterns of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Gaitonde
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mutahar Andrabi
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Courtney A Burger
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shane P D'Souza
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Bala S C Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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26
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Nakamura Y, Yahiro T, Fukushima A, Kataoka N, Hioki H, Nakamura K. Prostaglandin EP3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons bidirectionally control body temperature via tonic GABAergic signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd5463. [PMID: 36563142 PMCID: PMC9788766 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The bidirectional controller of the thermoregulatory center in the preoptic area (POA) is unknown. Using rats, here, we identify prostaglandin EP3 receptor-expressing POA neurons (POAEP3R neurons) as a pivotal bidirectional controller in the central thermoregulatory mechanism. POAEP3R neurons are activated in response to elevated ambient temperature but inhibited by prostaglandin E2, a pyrogenic mediator. Chemogenetic stimulation of POAEP3R neurons at room temperature reduces body temperature by enhancing heat dissipation, whereas inhibition of them elicits hyperthermia involving brown fat thermogenesis, mimicking fever. POAEP3R neurons innervate sympathoexcitatory neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) via tonic (ceaseless) inhibitory signaling. Although many POAEP3R neuronal cell bodies express a glutamatergic messenger RNA marker, their axons in the DMH predominantly release γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and their GABAergic terminals are increased by chronic heat exposure. These findings demonstrate that tonic GABAergic inhibitory signaling from POAEP3R neurons is a fundamental determinant of body temperature for thermal homeostasis and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takaki Yahiro
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fukushima
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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27
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A temperature-regulated circuit for feeding behavior. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4229. [PMID: 35869064 PMCID: PMC9307622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoth rodents and primates have evolved to orchestrate food intake to maintain thermal homeostasis in coping with ambient temperature challenges. However, the mechanisms underlying temperature-coordinated feeding behavior are rarely reported. Here we find that a non-canonical feeding center, the anteroventral and periventricular portions of medial preoptic area (apMPOA) respond to altered dietary states in mice. Two neighboring but distinct neuronal populations in apMPOA mediate feeding behavior by receiving anatomical inputs from external and dorsal subnuclei of lateral parabrachial nucleus. While both populations are glutamatergic, the arcuate nucleus-projecting neurons in apMPOA can sense low temperature and promote food intake. The other type, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH)-projecting neurons in apMPOA are primarily sensitive to high temperature and suppress food intake. Caspase ablation or chemogenetic inhibition of the apMPOA→PVH pathway can eliminate the temperature dependence of feeding. Further projection-specific RNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization identify that the two neuronal populations are molecularly marked by galanin receptor and apelin receptor. These findings reveal unrecognized cell populations and circuits of apMPOA that orchestrates feeding behavior against thermal challenges.
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28
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Takahashi TM, Hirano A, Kanda T, Saito VM, Ashitomi H, Tanaka KZ, Yokoshiki Y, Masuda K, Yanagisawa M, Vogt KE, Tokuda T, Sakurai T. Optogenetic induction of hibernation-like state with modified human Opsin4 in mice. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100336. [PMID: 36452866 PMCID: PMC9701604 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We recently determined that the excitatory manipulation of Qrfp-expressing neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (quiescence-inducing neurons [Q neurons]) induced a hibernation-like hypothermic/hypometabolic state (QIH) in mice. To control the QIH with a higher time resolution, we develop an optogenetic method using modified human opsin4 (OPN4; also known as melanopsin), a G protein-coupled-receptor-type blue-light photoreceptor. C-terminally truncated OPN4 (OPN4dC) stably and reproducibly induces QIH for at least 24 h by illumination with low-power light (3 μW, 473 nm laser) with high temporal resolution. The high sensitivity of OPN4dC allows us to transcranially stimulate Q neurons with blue-light-emitting diodes and non-invasively induce the QIH. OPN4dC-mediated QIH recapitulates the kinetics of the physiological changes observed in natural hibernation, revealing that Q neurons concurrently contribute to thermoregulation and cardiovascular function. This optogenetic method may facilitate identification of the neural mechanisms underlying long-term dormancy states such as sleep, daily torpor, and hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru M. Takahashi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Viviane M. Saito
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ashitomi
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Z. Tanaka
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Yokoshiki
- Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Masuda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaspar E. Vogt
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokuda
- JST PRESTO, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- International Integrative Institute for Sleep medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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29
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Sun S, Brecht M. Relative enlargement of the medial preoptic nucleus in the Etruscan shrew, the smallest torpid mammal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18602. [PMID: 36329087 PMCID: PMC9633763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothermy is a key feature of mammalian biology and enables mammals to maintain stable body temperature and homeostatic functions in the face of a rapidly changing environment. However, when faced with harsh environmental conditions, certain mammalian species enter torpor, a state characterized by reduced metabolism, body temperature, and activity, to minimize energy loss. Etruscan shrews are the smallest mammals, with a surface-to-volume ratio that is very unfavorable for endothermic animals. As a result, Etruscan shrews have an extremely high metabolic rate and are known to enter torpor frequently, presumably as an energy-saving measure. Despite the recent identification of medial preoptic area (MPA) as a key brain region to regulate torpor in mouse, little is known about neural control of torpor in other endothermic animals, including the Etruscan shrew. Here, we confirmed that Etruscan shrews readily enter torpor even in the absence of strong physiological triggers. We then compared the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) within the MPA of Etruscan shrew and rat, a mammal that does not enter torpor under physiological conditions. While rats have roughly 100 times the body weight and 33 times the brain weight of Etruscan shrews, we find that the male rat MPN exhibits only 6.7 times the volume of that of the male Etruscan shrew. Accordingly, the relative brain volume of the MPN was 6.5-fold larger in shrews, a highly significant difference. Moreover, MPN neuron counts were only roughly twofold lower in shrews than in rats, an astonishing observation considering the interspecies size difference and that neocortical neurons are ~ 20 × more numerous in rats than in shrews. We suggest that the extraordinary enlargement of the Etruscan shrew MPN is a specialization for orchestrating torpor in a mammal with an exceptional metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senmiao Sun
- grid.144532.5000000012169920XNeural Systems and Behavior, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael Brecht
- grid.144532.5000000012169920XNeural Systems and Behavior, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 6, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Chen HH, Hsu HT, Liao MH, Teng MS. Effects of Sex and Obesity on LEP Variant and Leptin Level Associations in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012275. [PMID: 36293132 PMCID: PMC9603873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), for which obesity and genetics are known risk factors, is a chronic process that alters the structure and function of the intervertebral discs (IVD). Circulating leptin is positively correlated with body weight and is often measured to elucidate the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration. In this study, we examined the associations of LEP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genetic and environmental effects with IVDD. A total of 303 Taiwanese patients with IVDD (mean age, 58.6 ± 12.7 years) undergoing cervical discectomy for neck pain or lumbar discectomy for back pain were enrolled. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits measured the circulating plasma leptin levels. TaqMan SNP genotyping assays genotyped the LEP SNPs rs2167270 and rs7799039. Leptin levels were significantly increased in obese individuals (p < 0.001) and non-obese or obese women (p < 0.001). In the dominant model, recoded minor alleles of rs2167270 and rs7799039 were associated with higher leptin levels in all individuals (p = 0.011, p = 0.012). Further, the association between these LEP SNPs and leptin levels was significant only in obese women (p = 0.025 and p = 0.008, respectively). There was an interaction effect between sex and obesity, particularly among obese women (interaction p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that these SNPs have sex-specific associations with BMI in IVDD patients, and that obesity and sex, particularly among obese women, may modify the LEP transcription effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hong Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Liao
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-6628-9779 (ext. 5790); Fax: +886-2-6628-9009
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Zeng W, Yang F, Shen WL, Zhan C, Zheng P, Hu J. Interactions between central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1929-1958. [PMID: 35771484 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of "substance", and they cannot have causal interactions. However, in neuroscience, the two-way interaction between the brain and peripheral organs is an emerging field of research. Several lines of evidence highlight the importance of such interactions. For example, the peripheral metabolic systems are overwhelmingly regulated by the mind (brain), and anxiety and depression greatly affect the functioning of these systems. Also, psychological stress can cause a variety of physical symptoms, such as bone loss. Moreover, the gut microbiota appears to play a key role in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanistically, as the command center of the body, the brain can regulate our internal organs and glands through the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system, although it is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control. The autonomic nervous system itself can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic division functions a bit like the accelerator pedal on a car, and the parasympathetic division functions as the brake. The high center of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is the hypothalamus, which contains several subnuclei that control several basic physiological functions, such as the digestion of food and regulation of body temperature. Also, numerous peripheral signals contribute to the regulation of brain functions. Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, insulin, and leptin are transported into the brain, where they regulate innate behaviors such as feeding, and they are also involved in emotional and cognitive functions. The brain can recognize peripheral inflammatory cytokines and induce a transient syndrome called sick behavior (SB), characterized by fatigue, reduced physical and social activity, and cognitive impairment. In summary, knowledge of the biological basis of the interactions between the central nervous system and peripheral organs will promote the full understanding of how our body works and the rational treatment of disorders. Thus, we summarize current development in our understanding of five types of central-peripheral interactions, including neural control of adipose tissues, energy expenditure, bone metabolism, feeding involving the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota. These interactions are essential for maintaining vital bodily functions, which result in homeostasis, i.e., a natural balance in the body's systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Lee W, Dwortz MF, Milewski TM, Champagne FA, Curley JP. Social status mediated variation in hypothalamic transcriptional profiles of male mice. Horm Behav 2022; 142:105176. [PMID: 35500322 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals of different social status exhibit variation in aggression, territorial and reproductive behavior as well as activity patterns, feeding, drinking and status signaling. This behavioral and physiological plasticity is coordinated by underlying changes in brain gene transcription. Using Tag-based RNA sequencing (Tag-seq), we explore RNA transcriptomes from the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and ventral hypothalamus (vHYP) of male mice of different social ranks in a dominance hierarchy and detect candidate genes and cellular pathways that underlie status-related plasticity. Within the mPOA, oxytocin (Oxt) and vasopressin (Avp) are more highly expressed in subdominant mice compared to other ranks, while nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) has lower expression in subdominant mice. Within the vHYP, we find that both orexigenic and anorexigenic genes involved in feeding behavior, including agouti-related peptide (Agrp), neuropeptide-Y (Npy), galanin (Gal), proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), and Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein prepropeptide (Cartpt), are less expressed in dominant animals compared to more subordinate ranks. We suggest that this may represent a reshaping of feeding circuits in dominant compared to subdominant and subordinate animals. Furthermore, we determine several genes that are positively and negatively associated with the level of despotism (aggression) in dominant males. Ultimately, we identify hypothalamic genes controlling feeding and social behaviors that are differentially transcribed across animals of varying social status. These changes in brain transcriptomics likely support phenotypic variation that enable animals to adapt to their current social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of In Vivo Pharmacology Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M F Dwortz
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - T M Milewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - F A Champagne
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J P Curley
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:313. [PMID: 35087956 PMCID: PMC8764563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to review the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ambler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timna Hitrec
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anthony Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Knoedler JR, Inoue S, Bayless DW, Yang T, Tantry A, Davis CH, Leung NY, Parthasarathy S, Wang G, Alvarado M, Rizvi AH, Fenno LE, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K, Shah NM. A functional cellular framework for sex and estrous cycle-dependent gene expression and behavior. Cell 2022; 185:654-671.e22. [PMID: 35065713 PMCID: PMC8956134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones exert a profound influence on gendered behaviors. How individual sex hormone-responsive neuronal populations regulate diverse sex-typical behaviors is unclear. We performed orthogonal, genetically targeted sequencing of four estrogen receptor 1-expressing (Esr1+) populations and identified 1,415 genes expressed differentially between sexes or estrous states. Unique subsets of these genes were distributed across all 137 transcriptomically defined Esr1+ cell types, including estrous stage-specific ones, that comprise the four populations. We used differentially expressed genes labeling single Esr1+ cell types as entry points to functionally characterize two such cell types, BNSTprTac1/Esr1 and VMHvlCckar/Esr1. We observed that these two cell types, but not the other Esr1+ cell types in these populations, are essential for sex recognition in males and mating in females, respectively. Furthermore, VMHvlCckar/Esr1 cell type projections are distinct from those of other VMHvlEsr1 cell types. Together, projection and functional specialization of dimorphic cell types enables sex hormone-responsive populations to regulate diverse social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Knoedler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sayaka Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel W Bayless
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taehong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adarsh Tantry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chung-Ha Davis
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Y Leung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Grace Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maricruz Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abbas H Rizvi
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lief E Fenno
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nirao M Shah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang D, Wang J, Tong T, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Dong H. Estrogen Receptor-A in Medial Preoptic Area Contributes to Sex Difference of Mice in Response to Sevoflurane Anesthesia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:703-719. [PMID: 35175557 PMCID: PMC9276904 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have identified sex differences in response to general anesthesia; however, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. The medial preoptic area (MPA), an important sexually dimorphic structure and a critical hub for regulating consciousness transition, is enriched with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), particularly in neuronal clusters that participate in regulating sleep. We found that male mice were more sensitive to sevoflurane. Pharmacological inhibition of ERα in the MPA abolished the sex differences in sevoflurane anesthesia, in particular by extending the induction time and facilitating emergence in males but not in females. Suppression of ERα in vitro inhibited GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons of the MPA in males but not in females. Furthermore, ERα knockdown in GABAergic neurons of the male MPA was sufficient to eliminate sex differences during sevoflurane anesthesia. Collectively, MPA ERα positively regulates the activity of MPA GABAergic neurons in males but not in females, which contributes to the sex difference of mice in sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Abstract
The role of central estrogen in cognitive, metabolic, and reproductive health has long fascinated the lay public and scientists alike. In the last two decades, insight into estrogen signaling in the brain and its impact on female physiology is beginning to catch up with the vast information already established for its actions on peripheral tissues. Using newer methods to manipulate estrogen signaling in hormone-sensitive brain regions, neuroscientists are now identifying the molecular pathways and neuronal subtypes required for controlling sex-dependent energy allocation. However, the immense cellular complexity of these hormone-sensitive brain regions makes it clear that more research is needed to fully appreciate how estrogen modulates neural circuits to regulate physiological and behavioral end points. Such insight is essential for understanding how natural or drug-induced hormone fluctuations across lifespan affect women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Ingraham
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Candice B Herber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - William C Krause
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mission Bay, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
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Sgarbi G, Hitrec T, Amici R, Baracca A, Di Cristoforo A, Liuzzi F, Luppi M, Solaini G, Squarcio F, Zamboni G, Cerri M. Mitochondrial respiration in rats during hypothermia resulting from central drug administration. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:349-360. [PMID: 35001173 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to induce a hypothermia resembling that of natural torpor would be greatly beneficial in medical and non-medical fields. At present, two procedures based on central nervous pharmacological manipulation have been shown to be effective in bringing core body temperature well below 30 °C in the rat, a non-hibernator: the first, based on the inhibition of a key relay in the central thermoregulatory pathway, the other, based on the activation of central adenosine A1 receptors. Although the role of mitochondria in the activation and maintenance of torpor has been extensively studied, no data are available for centrally induced hypothermia in non-hibernators. Thus, in the present work the respiration rate of mitochondria in the liver and in the kidney of rats following the aforementioned hypothermia-inducing treatments was studied. Moreover, to have an internal control, the same parameters were assessed in a well-consolidated model, i.e., mice during fasting-induced torpor. Our results show that state 3 respiration rate, which significantly decreased in the liver of mice, was unchanged in rats. An increase of state 4 respiration rate was observed in both species, although it was not statistically significant in rats under central adenosine stimulation. Also, a significant decrease of the respiratory control ratio was detected in both species. Finally, no effects were detected in kidney mitochondria in both species. Overall, in these hypothermic conditions liver mitochondria of rats remained active and apparently ready to be re-activated to produce energy and warm up the cells. These findings can be interpreted as encouraging in view of the finalization of a translational approach to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Cristoforo
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luppi
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Squarcio
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zamboni
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Machado NLS, Saper CB. Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulate body temperature in mice. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 9:14-22. [PMID: 35655663 PMCID: PMC9154766 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1993734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion recently in our understanding of the neuronal populations in the preoptic area involved in thermoregulation of mice. Recent studies have identified several genetically specified populations of neurons predominantly in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) but spreading caudolaterally into the preoptic area that regulate body temperature. . These include warm-responsive neurons that express the peptides PACAP, BDNF, or QRFP; and receptors for temperature, leptin, estrogen, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These neurons are predominantly glutamatergic and driving them opto- or chemogenetically can cause profound hypothermia, and in some cases, periods of torpor or a hibernation-like state. Conversely, fever response is likely to depend upon inhibiting the activity of these neurons through the PGE2 receptor EP3. Another cell group, the Brs3-expressing MnPO neurons, are apparently cold-responsive and cause increases in body temperature. MnPO-QRFP neurons cause hypothermia via activation of their terminals in the region of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). As the MnPO-QRFP neurons are essentially glutamatergic, and the DMH largely uses glutamatergic projections to the raphe pallidus to increase body temperature, this model suggests the existence of local inhibitory interneurons in the DMH region between the MnPO-QRFP glutamatergic neurons that cause hypothermia and the DMH glutamatergic neurons that cause hyperthermia. The new genetically targeted studies in mice provide a way to identify the precise neuronal circuitry that is responsible for our physiological observations in this species, and will suggest critical experiments that can be undertaken to compare these with the thermoregulatory circuitry in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. S. Machado
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - Clifford B. Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States,CONTACT Clifford B. Saper
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Torres Irizarry VC, Jiang Y, He Y, Xu P. Hypothalamic Estrogen Signaling and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898139. [PMID: 35757435 PMCID: PMC9218066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic, and it is a major risk factor for other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is sex-specific metabolic protection and disease susceptibility. For instance, in both clinical and experimental studies, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. In line with this, males tend to have more visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and less brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, both leading to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders. This female-specific fat distribution is partially mediated by sex hormone estrogens. Specifically, hypothalamic estrogen signaling plays a vital role in regulating WAT distribution, WAT beiging, and BAT thermogenesis. These regulatory effects on adipose tissue metabolism are primarily mediated by the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in neurons, which interacts with hormones and adipokines such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin. This review discusses the contribution of adipose tissue dysfunction to obesity and the role of hypothalamic estrogen signaling in preventing metabolic diseases with a particular focus on the VMH, the central regulator of energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
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40
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:313. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to take a critical view of the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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Freitas-Lima LC, Budu A, Estrela GR, da Silva TA, Arruda AC, de Carvalho Araujo R. Metabolic fasting stress is ameliorated in Kinin B1 receptor-deficient mice. Life Sci 2021; 294:120007. [PMID: 34600938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The liver has an essential role in responding to metabolic demands under stress conditions. The organ stores, releases, and recycles metabolism-related substrates. However, it is not clear how the Kallikrein-Kinin System modulates metabolic flexibility shift between energetic sources. AIMS To analyze the hepatic metabolism in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO mice) under fasting conditions. MAIN METHODS WT and B1KO male mice were allocated in a calorimetric cage for 7 days and 48 h before the euthanasia, half of the animals of both groups were under fasting conditions. Biochemical parameters, ketone bodies (KB), and gene expression involving the liver energetic metabolism genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) modulates the metabolic shift under fasting conditions, reducing the VO2 expenditure. A preference for carbohydrates as an energetic source is suggested, as the B1KO group did not display an increase in KB in the serum. Moreover, the B1KO animals displayed higher serum triglycerides concentration compared to WT fasting mice. Interestingly, the lack of B1R induces the increase expression of enzymes from the glycolysis and lipolysis pathways under the fed. However, under fasting, the enzymatic expression of gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and ketogenesis of these pathways does not occur, suggesting an absence of the shift metabolism responsivity, and this condition is modulated by PDK4 under FOXO1 control. SIGNIFICANCE B1R has an important role in the hepatic glucose metabolism, which in turn influences the energetic metabolism, and in long-term outcomes, such as in the decrease in hepatic glycogen stores and in the enhancement of hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rufino Estrela
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Discipline of Hematology and Hematotherapy, Federal University of São Paulo, 04037002 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Alves da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Škop V, Xiao C, Liu N, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. The effects of housing density on mouse thermal physiology depend on sex and ambient temperature. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101332. [PMID: 34478905 PMCID: PMC8463779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To improve understanding of mouse energy homeostasis and its applicability to humans, we quantitated the effects of housing density on mouse thermal physiology in both sexes. Methods Littermate wild type and Brs3-null mice were single- or group- (three per cage) housed and studied by indirect calorimetry with continuous measurement of core body temperature, energy expenditure, physical activity, and food intake. Results At 23 °C, below thermoneutrality, single-housed males had a lower body temperature and unchanged metabolic rate compared to group-housed controls. In contrast, single-housed females maintained a similar body temperature to group-housed controls by increasing their metabolic rate. With decreasing ambient temperature below 27 °C, only group-housed mice decreased their heat conductance, likely due to huddling, thus interfering with the energy expenditure vs ambient temperature relationship described by Scholander. In a hot environment (35 °C), the single-housed mice were less heat stressed. Upon fasting, single-housed mice had larger reductions in body temperature, with male mice having more torpor episodes of similar duration and female mice having a similar number of torpor episodes that lasted longer. Qualitatively, the effects of housing density on thermal physiology of Brs3-null mice generally mimicked the effects in controls. Conclusions Single housing is more sensitive than group housing for detecting thermal physiology phenotypes. Single housing increases heat loss and amplifies the effects of fasting or a cold environment. Male and female mice utilize different thermoregulatory strategies to respond to single housing. • Changing housing density changes thermal physiology and metabolic rate. • Singly housed mice are more affected by fasting and by cold temperatures. • Single housing is more sensitive than group housing for detecting thermal phenotypes. • Certain principles of thermal physiology are masked by group housing. • Male and female mice respond differently to single housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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43
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Yang S, Tan YL, Wu X, Wang J, Sun J, Liu A, Gan L, Shen B, Zhang X, Fu Y, Huang J. An mPOA-ARC AgRP pathway modulates cold-evoked eating behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109502. [PMID: 34380037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced appetite occurs as a means of behavioral thermoregulation at low temperature. Neural circuitry mediating this crosstalk between behavioral thermoregulation and energy homeostasis remains to be elucidated. We find that the hypothalamic orexigenic agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are profoundly activated by cold exposure. The calcium signals in ARCAgRP neurons display an immediate-response pattern in response to cold stimulation. Cold-responsive neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) make excitatory synapses onto ARCAgRP neurons. Inhibition of either ARCAgRP neurons or ARC-projecting mPOA neurons attenuates cold-evoked feeding, while activation of the mPOA-to-ARC projection increases food intake. These findings reveal an mPOA-ARCAgRP neural pathway that modulates cold-evoked feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Lin Tan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linhua Gan
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China.
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44
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Zhang Z, DiVittorio JR, Joseph AM, Correa SM. The Effects of Estrogens on Neural Circuits That Control Temperature. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6262699. [PMID: 33939822 PMCID: PMC8237993 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Declining and variable levels of estrogens around the time of menopause are associated with a suite of metabolic, vascular, and neuroendocrine changes. The archetypal adverse effects of perimenopause are vasomotor symptoms, which include hot flashes and night sweats. Although vasomotor symptoms are routinely treated with hormone therapy, the risks associated with these treatments encourage us to seek alternative treatment avenues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogens on temperature regulation is a first step toward identifying novel therapeutic targets. Here we outline findings in rodents that reveal neural and molecular targets of estrogens within brain regions that control distinct components of temperature homeostasis. These insights suggest that estrogens may alter the function of multiple specialized neural circuits to coordinate the suite of changes after menopause. Thus, defining the precise cells and neural circuits that mediate the effects of estrogens on temperature has promise to identify strategies that would selectively counteract hot flashes or other negative side effects without the health risks that accompany systemic hormone therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johnathon R DiVittorio
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexia M Joseph
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: Stephanie Correa, Ph.D., UCLA Dept. of Integrative Biology and Physiology 2028 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E Young Drive East, Box 957239 Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Piñol RA, Mogul AS, Hadley CK, Saha A, Li C, Škop V, Province HS, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Krashes MJ, Reitman ML. Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1389-1403.e6. [PMID: 34038711 PMCID: PMC8266747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) is a key brain region for regulation of body temperature (Tb), dictating thermogenic, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses that control Tb. Previously characterized POA neuronal populations all reduced Tb when activated. Using mice, we now identify POA neurons expressing bombesin-like receptor 3 (POABRS3) as a population whose activation increased Tb; inversely, acute inhibition of these neurons reduced Tb. POABRS3 neurons that project to either the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased Tb, heart rate, and blood pressure via the sympathetic nervous system. Long-term inactivation of POABRS3 neurons caused increased Tb variability, overshooting both increases and decreases in Tb set point, with RNA expression profiles suggesting multiple types of POABRS3 neurons. Thus, POABRS3 neuronal populations regulate Tb and heart rate, contribute to cold defense, and fine-tune feedback control of Tb. These findings advance understanding of homeothermy, a defining feature of mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Allison S Mogul
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atreyi Saha
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Upton BA, D'Souza SP, Lang RA. QPLOT Neurons-Converging on a Thermoregulatory Preoptic Neuronal Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665762. [PMID: 34017237 PMCID: PMC8130930 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The preoptic area of the hypothalamus is a homeostatic control center. The heterogeneous neurons in this nucleus function to regulate the sleep/wake cycle, reproduction, thirst and hydration, as well as thermogenesis and other metabolic responses. Several recent studies have analyzed preoptic neuronal populations and demonstrated neuronal subtype-specific roles in suppression of thermogenesis. These studies showed similar thermogenesis responses to chemogenetic modulation, and similar synaptic tracing patterns for neurons that were responsive to cold, to inflammatory stimuli, and to violet light. A reanalysis of single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets of the preoptic nucleus indicate that these studies have converged on a common neuronal population that when activated, are sufficient to suppress thermogenesis. Expanding on a previous name for these neurons (Q neurons, which reflect their ability to promote quiescence and expression of Qrfp), we propose a new name: QPLOT neurons, to reflect numerous molecular markers of this population and to capture its broader roles in metabolic regulation. Here, we summarize previous findings on this population and present a unified description of QPLOT neurons, the excitatory preoptic neuronal population that integrate a variety of thermal, metabolic, hormonal and environmental stimuli in order to regulate metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shane P D'Souza
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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47
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Zhang Z, Park JW, Ahn IS, Diamante G, Sivakumar N, Arneson D, Yang X, van Veen JE, Correa SM. Estrogen receptor alpha in the brain mediates tamoxifen-induced changes in physiology in mice. eLife 2021; 10:63333. [PMID: 33647234 PMCID: PMC7924955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy improves survival in breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, long-term treatment comes with side effects that impact health and quality of life, including hot flashes, changes in bone density, and fatigue. Partly due to a lack of proven animal models, the tissues and cells that mediate these negative side effects are unclear. Here, we show that mice undergoing tamoxifen treatment experience changes in temperature, bone, and movement. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that tamoxifen treatment induces widespread gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (hypothalamus-POA). These expression changes are dependent on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as conditional knockout of ERα in the hypothalamus-POA ablates or reverses tamoxifen-induced gene expression. Accordingly, ERα-deficient mice do not exhibit tamoxifen-induced changes in temperature, bone, or movement. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of tamoxifen on the hypothalamus-POA and indicate that ERα mediates several physiological effects of tamoxifen treatment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jae Whan Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nilla Sivakumar
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Douglas Arneson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - J Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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