1
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Zhang H, Kang L, Bhutto RA, Fan Y, Yi J. Formation of pea protein amyloid-like nanofibrils-derived hydrogels mediated by epigallocatechin gallate. Food Chem 2024; 459:140381. [PMID: 38991441 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction between pea protein amyloid-like nanofibril and epigallocatechin gallate, constructed and characterized the novel pea protein nanofibrils-derived hydrogel mediated by epigallocatechin gallate, and researched the functionalities of the hydrogel. Epigallocatechin gallate remodeled the structure of pea protein nanofibrils, and a stable and strong hydrogel was formed at a relatively low protein concentration (4.5%). Additionally, the hydrogels exhibited various surface structures and hydrogel properties dependent on the mass ratio. Strongest gel strength (51 g) was attained at 0.25 epigallocatechin gallate/pea protein nanofibrils mass ratio. Whereas, the hydrogels exhibited the highest water holding capacity (87%) at 0.05 mass ratio. The primary driving forces in the formation and maintaining of the hydrogels were hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds. Progressive rise of β-sheet content of pea protein nanofibrils occurred increasing epigallocatechin gallate concentration. This hydrogel holds great potential for applications in food processing, targeted delivery of nutraceuticals and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ling Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rizwan Ahmed Bhutto
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecules Science and Processing, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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2
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Paździora W, Paśko P, Grabowska K, Galanty A. Can Isoflavone-Rich Legume Plants Be Useful in the Chemoprevention of Hormone-Dependent Cancers?-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7389. [PMID: 39000493 PMCID: PMC11242776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Fabaceae family are widely distributed around the world, especially in Europe, Asia and North America. They are a rich source of isoflavones, compounds with estrogen-like activity, which are suspected of having a chemopreventive effect against hormone-dependent cancers. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review aimed at assessing the impact of Fabaceae plant extracts on hormone-dependent cancer cells and the content of active compounds in plant raw materials. We analyzed the results of 63 articles from in vitro and in vivo studies describing the effect of plant extracts containing isoflavones on cancer cells, along with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. In the process, we determined the research limitations and future research directions. The collected results indicate the plant species with potentially high contents of phytoestrogens and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. They point to the potential use of plants in the diet as a source of compounds offering cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Paździora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.P.); (K.G.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Łazarza Str., 31-530 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (W.P.); (K.G.)
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3
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Ahmed R, Zaitone SA, Abdelmaogood AKK, Atef HM, Soliman MFM, Badawy AM, Ali HS, Zaid A, Mokhtar HI, Elabbasy LM, Kandil E, Yosef AM, Mahran RI. Chemotherapeutic potential of betanin/capecitabine combination targeting colon cancer: experimental and bioinformatic studies exploring NFκB and cyclin D1 interplay. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362739. [PMID: 38645563 PMCID: PMC11026609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Betanin (C₂₄H₂₆N₂O₁₃) is safe to use as food additives approved by the FDA with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects in many types of cancer cell lines. The current experiment was designed to test the chemotherapeutic effect of the combination of betanin with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, capecitabine, against chemically induced colon cancer in mice. Methods: Bioinformatic approach was designed to get information about the possible mechanisms through which the drugs may control cancer development. Five groups of mice were assigned as, (i) saline, (ii) colon cancer, (iii) betanin, (iv) capecitabine and (v) betanin/capecitabine. Drugs were given orally for a period of six weeks. Colon tissues were separated and used for biological assays and histopathology. Results: In addition, the mRNA expression of TNF-α (4.58-fold), NFκB (5.33-fold), IL-1β (4.99-fold), cyclin D1 (4.07-fold), and IL-6 (3.55-fold) and protein levels showed several folds increases versus the saline group. Tumor histopathology scores in the colon cancer group (including cryptic distortion and hyperplasia) and immunostaining for NFκB (2.94-fold) were high while periodic-acid Schiff staining demonstrated poor mucin content (33% of the saline group). These pathologic manifestations were reduced remarkably in betanin/capecitabine group. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings demonstrated the usefulness of betanin/capecitabine combination in targeting colon cancer and highlighted that betanin is a promising adjuvant therapy to capecitabine in treating colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Ahmed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Huda M. Atef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona F. M. Soliman
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damiettta, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Badawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Howaida S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - AbdelNaser Zaid
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hatem I. Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M. Elabbasy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Mokhtar Yosef
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama I. Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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4
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Grzegorzewska AK, Wolak D, Hrabia A. Effect of tamoxifen treatment on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and localization in the hen oviduct. Theriogenology 2024; 214:73-80. [PMID: 37862940 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between free reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and removal (e.g., by antioxidative enzymes) leads to the damage of important biomolecules and cells. Earlier studies in hens showed that treatment with tamoxifen (TMX; estrogen receptor inhibitor) modulates oxidative stress and causes the reproductive system regression realized by cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to examine the expression and immunolocalization of the key enzymatic antioxidants, i.e. catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in the chicken oviduct following TMX treatment. Laying hens were treated daily with TMX until a pause in egg-laying occurred and then euthanized on day 8 of the experiment. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed the presence of CAT and SOD transcripts and proteins, respectively, in all oviductal segments, i.e., the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland and vagina. In control hens (laying), the mRNA expression of CAT was the highest in the shell gland, lower in the isthmus and the lowest in other oviductal parts, whereas protein expression was the highest in the magnum, lower in the isthmus and the lowest in other segments. The SOD transcript and protein abundances only were lower in the magnum than in other segments. Immunoreactive CAT and SOD products were localized in all layers of the oviductal wall, but the intensity of staining depended on the cell type. TMX treatment affected CAT and SOD expression and the effect of TMX depended on gene, protein, cell type and oviductal part. Generally, CAT expression was elevated, while SOD expression was decreased under TMX treatment. These results point to the importance of CAT and SOD in the maintenance of proper oviduct health and function. Changes in ROS scavenging enzymes after estrogen receptor blockage indicate the significance of estrogen in the regulation of oxidative status in the avian oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Wolak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
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Hooda P, Malik R, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Halawi MA, Makeen HA, Mohan S. Phytoimmunomodulators: A review of natural modulators for complex immune system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23790. [PMID: 38205318 PMCID: PMC10777011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the medicinal properties of plants and their effects on the human immune system are being studied extensively. Plants are an incredible source of traditional medicines that help cure various diseases, including altered immune mechanisms and are economical and benign compared to allopathic medicines. Reported data in written documents such as Traditional Chinese medicine, Indian Ayurvedic medicine support the supplementation of botanicals for immune defense reactions in the body and can lead to safe and effective immunity responses. Additionally, some botanicals are well-identified as magical herbal remedies because they act upon the pathogen directly and help boost the immunity of the host. Chemical compounds, also known as phytochemicals, obtained from these botanicals looked promising due to their effects on the human immune system by modulating the lymphocytes which subsequently reduce the chances of getting infected. This paper summarises most documented phytochemicals and how they act on the immune system, their properties and possible mechanisms, screening conventions, formulation guidelines, comparison with synthetic immunity-enhancers, marketed immunity-boosting products, and immune-booster role in the ongoing ghastly corona virus wave. However, it focuses mainly on plant metabolites as immunomodulators. In addition, it also sheds light on the current advancements and future possibilities in this field. From this thorough study, it can be stated that the plant-based secondary metabolites contribute significantly to immunity building and could prove to be valuable medicaments for the design and development of novel immunomodulators even for a pandemic like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partibha Hooda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Gurugram Global College of Pharmacy, Gurugram, India
- SRM Modi Nagar College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Oman
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Halawi
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
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6
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Mahdi WA, Alanazi MM, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Alhudaithi SS. Formulation of multicomponent inclusion complex of cyclodextrin-amino acid with Chrysin: Physicochemical characterization, cell viability and apoptosis assessment in human primary glioblastoma cell line. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100211. [PMID: 37736236 PMCID: PMC10510083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (CR) is a water-insoluble drug reported for different therapeutic effects. The microwave irradiation method was used in this study to create a multicomponent inclusion complex (CR-MC) containing CR (drug) and carrier hydroxyl propyl beta cyclodextrin (HP β CD) and L-arginine (LA). The prepared inclusion complex (CR-MC) was evaluated for dissolution study and results were compared with chrysin physical mixture (CR-PM). Further, the samples were assessed for infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and molecular docking. Finally, the cell viability, reactive oxygen species and flow cytometer studies were also assessed to check the potential of the prepared inclusion complex on the human primary glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG cell). The phase solubility findings revealed a stability constant (773 mol L-1) as well as a complexation efficiency of 0.027. The dissolution study displayed a significant increase in CR release from CR-MC (99.03 ± 0.39%) > CR-PM (70.58 ± 1.16%) > pure CR (35.29 ± 1.55%). NMR and IR spectral data revealed no interaction between CR and carriers. SEM and DSC study results revealed the conversion into amorphous form. The molecular docking results illustrated a high docking score, which supports the findings of complex formation. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species, and flow cytometry studies results showed enhanced activity from CR-MC against the tested human primary glioblastoma cell line. From the results it has been observed that chrysin solubility significantly increased after complexation and there in vitro activity also enhanced against cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman S. Alhudaithi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Aliabadi A, Khanniri E, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Bayanati M. Dual COX-2/15-LOX inhibitors: A new avenue in the prevention of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115866. [PMID: 37862815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Dual cyclooxygenase 2/15-lipoxygenase inhibitors constitute a valuable alternative to classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as preventing the cancer. Indeed, these latter present diverse side effects, which are reduced or absent in dual-acting agents. In this review, COX-2 and 15-LOX (15-lipoxygenase) pathways are first described in order to highlight the therapeutic interest of designing such compounds. Various structural families of dual inhibitors are illustrated. This study discloses various structural families of dual 15-LOX/COX-2 inhibitors, thus pave the way to design potentially-active anticancer agents with balanced dual inhibition of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aliabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Khanniri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bayanati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Rehan T, Tahir A, Sultan A, Alabbosh KF, Waseem S, Ul-Islam M, Khan KA, Ibrahim EH, Ullah MW, Shah N. Mitigation of Benzene-Induced Haematotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats through Plant-Extract-Loaded Silica Nanobeads. TOXICS 2023; 11:865. [PMID: 37888715 PMCID: PMC10610980 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, a potent carcinogen, is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. While chemotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, its side effects have prompted scientists to explore natural products that can mitigate the haematotoxic effects induced by chemicals. One area of interest is nano-theragnostics, which aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural products. This study aimed to enhance the effects of methanolic extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris by loading them onto silica nanobeads (SNBs) for targeted delivery to mitigate the benzene-induced haematotoxic effects. The SNBs, 48 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical method and were then loaded with the plant extracts. The plant-extract-loaded SNBs were then coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The modified SNBs were characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The developed plant-extract-loaded and CMC-modified SNBs were administered intravenously to benzene-exposed rats, and haematological and histopathological profiling was conducted. Rats exposed to benzene showed increased liver and spleen weight, which was mitigated by the plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The differential white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in rats with benzene-induced haematotoxicity, but this count decreased significantly in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. Additionally, blast cells observed in benzene-exposed rats were not found in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The SNBs facilitated targeted drug delivery of the three selected medicinal herbs at low doses. These results suggest that SNBs have promising potential as targeted drug delivery agents to mitigate haematotoxic effects induced by benzene in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for
Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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9
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Saber A, Abedimanesh N, Somi MH, Khosroushahi AY, Moradi S. Anticancer properties of red beetroot hydro-alcoholic extract and its main constituent; betanin on colorectal cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:246. [PMID: 37464362 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) contains Betanin as its major betacyanin, possessing wide proapoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer and pro-papoptotic effects of beetroot hydro-alcoholic extract (BHE) and betanin, on colorectal cancer cell lines. BHE and betanin were used to treat Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. MTT assay, DAPI staining, and FACS-flow cytometry tests were used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and apoptosis-inducing evaluations. Intended genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IC50 for HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines were 92 μg/mL, 107 μg/mL for BHE, and 64 μg/mL, 90 μg/mL for betanin at 48 h, respectively. BHE and betanin significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cell lines time and dose-dependently. DAPI staining and flow cytometry results revealed significant apoptosis symptoms in treated cancerous cell lines. The expression level of proapoptotic genes (BAD, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Fas-R) in treated HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was higher than in untreated and normal cells. In contrast, the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) was significantly downregulated. BHE and betanin effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via the modification of effective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saber
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Isar Sq., Across From Farabi Hospital, P.O. Box 6719851552, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nasim Abedimanesh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Isar Sq., Across From Farabi Hospital, P.O. Box 6719851552, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Bacterial Pigments and Their Multifaceted Roles in Contemporary Biotechnology and Pharmacological Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030614. [PMID: 36985186 PMCID: PMC10053885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dyes and colourants have been the mainstay of the pigment industry for decades. Researchers are eager to find a more environment friendly and non-toxic substitute because these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on the environment and people’s health. Microbial pigments might be an alternative to synthetic pigments. Microbial pigments are categorized as secondary metabolites and are mainly produced due to impaired metabolism under stressful conditions. These pigments have vibrant shades and possess nutritional and therapeutic properties compared to synthetic pigment. Microbial pigments are now widely used within the pharmaceuticals, food, paints, and textile industries. The pharmaceutical industries currently use bacterial pigments as a medicine alternative for cancer and many other bacterial infections. Their growing popularity is a result of their low cost, biodegradable, non-carcinogenic, and environmentally beneficial attributes. This audit article has made an effort to take an in-depth look into the existing uses of bacterial pigments in the food and pharmaceutical industries and project their potential future applications.
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11
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Lin YP, Hseu YC, Thiyagarajan V, Vadivalagan C, Pandey S, Lin KY, Hsu YT, Liao JW, Lee CC, Yang HL. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of Antrodia salmonea through inhibition of metastasis and induction of ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114178. [PMID: 36916401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antrodia salmonea (AS) exhibits anticancer activities against various cancers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anticancer activities of AS on human glioblastoma (GBM8401 and U87MG) cells both in vitro and in vivo and explained the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MTT, colony formation, migration/invasion assay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, Annexin V/PI staining, AO staining, GFP-LC3 transfection, TEM, qPCR, siLC3, DCFH2-DA assay, and xenografted-nude mice were used to assess the potential of AS therapy. RESULTS AS treatment retarded growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma cells. AS attenuates EMT by suppressing invasion and migration, increasing E-cadherin expression, decreasing Twist, Snail, and N-cadherin expression, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, AS induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, cleaving PARP, and dysregulating Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. TUNEL assay and Annexin V/PI staining indicated AS-mediated late apoptosis. Interestingly, AS induced autophagic cell death by LC3-II accumulation, AVO formation, autophagosome GFP-LC3 puncta, p62/SQSTM1 expression, and ATG4B inhibition in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. TEM data revealed that AS favored autophagosome and autolysosome formation. The autophagy inhibitors 3-MA/CQ and LC3 knockdown suppressed AS-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, indicating that the inhibition of autophagy decreased AS-induced apoptosis. Notably, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited AS-mediated ROS production and AS-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, AS induced ROS-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. AS reduced the tumor burden in GBM8401-xenografted nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenografts by inducing anti-EMT, apoptosis, and autophagy. AS could be a potential antitumor agent in human glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pin Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Tai Hsu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Salari N, Faraji F, Jafarpour S, Faraji F, Rasoulpoor S, Dokaneheifard S, Mohammadi M. Anti-cancer Activity of Chrysin in Cancer Therapy: a Systematic Review. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:681-690. [PMID: 36687219 PMCID: PMC9845454 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural bioactive compound that is extracted from many trees, honey, and propolis. Chrysin has several pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of chrysin in cancer therapy. The present study was conducted by systematic review of studies published up to August 2021. Related studies were identified by searching Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Science Direct, SID, MagIran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords of chrysin, cancer, anti-cancer, and cancer therapy were used for searching. The quality of the studies was assessed by the CONSORT checklist. A total of 21 studies were identified. The results of studies showed that chrysin has an anticancer effect by stimulating apoptosis in a wide range of human cells and rats. Chrysin is also an important factor in inhibiting tumor growth and neoplasticity. Chrysin inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cytotoxic effects. Therefore, due to the antitumor effects of chrysin and its safety and non-toxicity towards normal cells, this compound can be considered as an adjuvant along with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shna Rasoulpoor
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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13
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Li M, He X, Zhao R, Shi Q, Nian Y, Hu B. Hydrogels as promising carriers for the delivery of food bioactive ingredients. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006520. [PMID: 36238460 PMCID: PMC9551458 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of public health challenges associated with the western dietary and living style is growing. Nutraceuticals have been paid increasing attentions due to their effects in promotion of health. However, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the nutraceuticals suffer from not only the harsh acidic environment of the stomach and a variety of digestive enzymes, but also the antibacterial activity of intestinal bile salts and the action of protease from the gut microbiota. The amount of the nutraceuticals arriving at the sites in GI tract for absorption or exerting the bioactivities is always unfortunately limited, which puts forward high requirements for protection of nutraceuticals in a certain high contents during oral consumption. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric porous networks formed by the cross-linking of polymer chains, which can hold huge amounts of water. Compared with other carries with the size in microscopic scale such as nanoparticle and microcapsules, hydrogels could be considered to be more suitable delivery systems in food due to their macroscopic bulk properties, adjustable viscoelasticity and large spatial structure for embedding nutraceuticals. Regarding to the applications in food, natural polymer-based hydrogels are commonly safe and popular due to their source with the appealing characteristics of affordability, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Although chemical crosslinking has been widely utilized in preparation of hydrogels, it prefers the physical crosslinking in the researches in food. The reasonable design for the structure of natural polymeric hydrogels is essential for seeking the favorable functionalities to apply in the delivery system, and it could be possible to obtain the enhanced adhesive property, acid stability, resistant to bile salt, and the controlled release behavior. The hydrogels prepared with proteins, polysaccharides or the mix of them to deliver the functional ingredients, mainly the phenolic components, vitamins, probiotics are discussed to obtain inspiration for the wide applications in delivery systems. Further efforts might be made in the in situ formation of hydrogels in GI tract through the interaction among food polymers and small-molecular ingredients, elevation of the loading contents of nutraceuticals in hydrogels, development of stomach adhesive hydrogels as well as targeting modification of gut microbiota by the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqun Nian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Jia Z, Zhang B, Sharma A, Kim NS, Purohit SM, Green MM, Roche MR, Holliday E, Chen H. Revelation of the sciences of traditional foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Song H, Tan J, Ma R, Kennelly EJ, Tan Q. Anti-inflammatory Constituents from Caulis Trachelospermi. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:721-728. [PMID: 34963182 DOI: 10.1055/a-1712-8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Caulis Trachelospermi, the stems with leaves of Trachelospermum jasminoides, is a well-known herbal drug of the Apocynaceae family recorded in the Chinese pharmacopeia and used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases by ethnic minorities of China. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity and responsible constituents of T. jasminoides have not been well elucidated in previous studies. Preliminary investigation showed that both the water and the ethyl ester extracts of T. jasminoides exhibited potent inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. Phytochemical investigation on these extracts afforded 23 compounds, including three new compounds (1: -3: ) identified on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Anti-inflammatory bioassay showed that compounds 17, 18, 22: , and 23: inhibited significantly the production of NO in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies indicated that compound 23: inhibited significantly TNF-α and IL-6 produced by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with good selectivity, as well as protein expression of iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. These chemical constituents may contribute to the anti-inflammatory potential of T. jasminoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinni Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ruijing Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Qingang Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guilin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, China
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16
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Higher affinity of polyphenol to zein than to amyloid fibrils leading to nanoparticle-embed network wall scaffold to construct amyloid fibril-zein-EGCG hydrogels for coating of beef. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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The anthocyanin's role on the food metabolic pathways, color and drying processes: An experimental and theoretical approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Nian Y, Zhang Y, Ruan C, Hu B. Update of the interaction between polyphenols and amyloid fibrils. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Hu B, Li M, He X, Wang H, Huang JA, Liu Z, Mezzenga R. Flavonoid-Amyloid Fibril Hybrid Hydrogels for Obesity Control via Construction of Gut Microbiota. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3597-3611. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Innovative precise clinical approaches to protect humans from the alarming global growth of epidemics of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), are urgently needed. Here, we introduce protein hydrogels...
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20
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Kumar S, Gupta S. Dietary phytochemicals and their role in cancer chemoprevention. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7. [PMID: 34888417 PMCID: PMC8654095 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Kalimuthu AK, Panneerselvam T, Pavadai P, Pandian SRK, Sundar K, Murugesan S, Ammunje DN, Kumar S, Arunachalam S, Kunjiappan S. Pharmacoinformatics-based investigation of bioactive compounds of Rasam (South Indian recipe) against human cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21488. [PMID: 34728718 PMCID: PMC8563928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spice-rich recipes are referred to as “functional foods” because they include a variety of bioactive chemicals that have health-promoting properties, in addition to their nutritional value. Using pharmacoinformatics-based analysis, we explored the relevance of bioactive chemicals found in Rasam (a South Indian cuisine) against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies. The Rasam is composed of twelve main ingredients, each of which contains a variety of bioactive chemicals. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were found from these ingredients, and their structures were downloaded from Pubchem. To find the right target via graph theoretical analysis (mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6)) and decipher their signaling route, a network was built. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were used for in silico molecular docking study against MAPK6 and compared with known MAPK6 inhibitor drug (PD-173955). The top four compounds were chosen for further study based on their docking scores and binding energies. In silico analysis predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of the selected compounds and were used to assess their drug-likeness. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation modelling methodology was also used to analyse the effectiveness and safety profile of selected bioactive chemicals based on the docking score, as well as to assess the stability of the MAPK6-ligand complex. Surprisingly, the discovered docking scores against MAPK6 revealed that the selected bioactive chemicals exhibit varying binding ability ranges between − 3.5 and − 10.6 kcal mol−1. MD simulation validated the stability of four chemicals at the MAPK6 binding pockets, including Assafoetidinol A (ASA), Naringin (NAR), Rutin (RUT), and Tomatine (TOM). According to the results obtained, fifty of the sixty-six compounds showed higher binding energy (− 6.1 to − 10.6 kcal mol−1), and four of these compounds may be used as lead compounds to protect cells against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengodu, Tamil Nadu, 637205, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Damodar Nayak Ammunje
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sattanathan Kumar
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paavai College of Pharmacy and Research, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637018, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India.
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India.
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22
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Francielli De Oliveira P, Leandro LF, Furtado RA, Ferreira NH, Pauletti PM, Barbosa Araújo AR, Uyemura SA, Tavares DC. Styrax camporum, a typical species of the Brazilian cerrado, attenuates DNA damage, preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:582-592. [PMID: 33825664 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1910090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Styrax camporum Pohl, a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado, commonly known as "benjoeiro", is used to treat gastroduodenal diseases. In previous studies carried out by our research group, hydroalcoholic extract of S. camporum stems (SCHE) exhibited antigenotoxic and antiproliferative effects. For a comparative analysis of the chemopreventive effect of SCHE, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SCHE against carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced DNA damage and pre-neoplastic lesions in Wistar rat colon. Animals were treated orally with SCHE at 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight in conjunction with a subcutaneous injection of DMH. DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay while tpre-neoplastic lesions by aberrant crypt foci (ACF) assay. The following hepatic oxidative stress markers were determined including activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment with SCHE was not genotoxic or carcinogenic at the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg b.w.). The extract effectively inhibited DNA damage and pre-neoplastic lesions induced by DMH administration at all concentrations tested. Measurement of CAT, and GST activities and levels of GSH showed that SCHE did not reduce oxidative processes. In contrast, treatment with SCHE (1000 mg/kg b.w.) decreased liver MDA levels. Taken together, these findings suggested the chemopreventive effect attributed to SCHE in colon carcinogenesis, may be related to its capacity to inhibit DNA damage as well as an antioxidant action associated with its chemical constituents egonol and homoegonol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio Akira Uyemura
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Wangpaichitr M, Theodoropoulos G, Nguyen DJM, Wu C, Spector SA, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Cisplatin Resistance and Redox-Metabolic Vulnerability: A Second Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147379. [PMID: 34298999 PMCID: PMC8304747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in tumors is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy and represents one of the most significant complications to improving long-term patient outcomes. Despite early positive responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority of lung cancer patients develop resistance. The development of a new combination therapy targeting cisplatin-resistant (CR) tumors may mark a major improvement as salvage therapy in these patients. The recent resurgence in research into cellular metabolism has again confirmed that cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis ("the Warburg effect") to produce energy. Hence, this observation still remains a characteristic hallmark of altered metabolism in certain cancer cells. However, recent evidence promotes another concept wherein some tumors that acquire resistance to cisplatin undergo further metabolic alterations that increase tumor reliance on oxidative metabolism (OXMET) instead of glycolysis. Our review focuses on molecular changes that occur in tumors due to the relationship between metabolic demands and the importance of NAD+ in redox (ROS) metabolism and the crosstalk between PARP-1 (Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1) and SIRTs (sirtuins) in CR tumors. Finally, we discuss a role for the tumor metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (tryptophan catabolism) as effectors of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment during acquisition of resistance in CR cells. Understanding these concepts will form the basis for future targeting of CR cells by exploiting redox-metabolic changes and their consequences on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment as a new approach to improve overall therapeutic outcomes and survival in patients who fail cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-575-7000 (ext. 14496); Fax: +1-305-575-7275
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Dan J. M. Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sydney A. Spector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Hematology/Oncology, 1201 NW 16 Street, Room D1010, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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24
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Lu Y, Maria Vos RD, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Fu C, Liu SQ, Huang D. The degradation kinetics and mechanism of moringin in aqueous solution and the cytotoxicity of degraded products. Food Chem 2021; 364:130424. [PMID: 34182363 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the degradation of moringin (4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]-isothiocyanate), a major bioactive isothiocyanate (ITC) found in moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam), at various food processing conditions. Moringin degrades rapidly to several water-soluble products via a pseudo-first-order kinetics. By analyzing the reaction products, the degradation mechanism was found to be through hydrolyzing to (A) 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) α-l-rhamnopyranoside (rhamnobenzyl alcohol RBA) or (B) rhamnobenzylamine. The formed amine further reacts with moringin to form N,N'-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}thiourea (di-rhamnobenzyl thiourea, DRBTU). In addition, moringin isomerizes to 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]thiocyanate (RBTC), which further reacts with moringin to form S,N-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}-dithiocarbamate (DRBDTC). Furthermore, pH was found to have an effect on the degradation of moringin. RBA and RBTC were major degraded products in neutral and acidic conditions while thiourea (DRBTU) was in alkaline condition. Although moringin showed higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells, its degraded products showed very weak or no activities, suggesting that the isothiocyanate group of ITCs is essential for their cancer chemoprevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Romy Dorothea Maria Vos
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Molan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Identification of sulforaphane regulatory network in hepatocytes by microarray data analysis based on GEO database. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227670. [PMID: 33491737 PMCID: PMC7876596 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past several years, more and more attention has been paid to the exploration of traditional medicinal plants. Further studies have shown that more dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables can prevent the occurrence of tumor, indicating the potential applications in the chemoprevention of cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been identified by the National Cancer Institute as a candidate for chemopreventive research; it is one of several compounds selected by the National Cancer Institute’s Rapid Access to Preventive Intervention Development Program and is currently in use. In the present study, based on the data of Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), the gene expression profile of hepatocytes that were treated with SFN was analyzed. The ANOVA and Limma packets in R were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). On this basis, gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment were further analyzed. The core gene HSP90-α (cytosolic), class A member 1 (HSP90AA1) was screened by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network established by STRING and Cytoscape software for further study. Finally, miRNAs targeted HSP90AA1 were predicted by miRanda. All in all, based on the data of GSE20479 chip, the molecular mechanism of SFN on hepatocytes was studied by a series of bioinformatics analysis methods, and it indicated that SFN might effect on the hepatocyte by regulating HSP90AA1.
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Gong X, Xu L, Fang X, Zhao X, Du Y, Wu H, Qian Y, Ma Z, Xia T, Gu X. Protective effects of grape seed procyanidin on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:200-207. [PMID: 32114864 PMCID: PMC7067175 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oxidative imbalance-induced cognitive impairment is among the most urgent clinical concerns. Isoflurane has been demonstrated to impair cognitive function via an increase in oxidative stress. GSP has strong antioxidant capacities, suggesting potential cognitive benefits.Objective: This study investigates whether GSP pre-treatment can alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.Materials and methods: C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with either GSP 25-100 mg/kg/d for seven days or GSP 100-400 mg/kg as a single dose before the 6 h isoflurane anaesthesia. Cognitive functioning was examined using the fear conditioning tests. The levels of SOD, p-NR2B and p-CREB in the hippocampus were also analysed.Results: Pre-treatment with either a dose of GSP 50 mg/kg/d for seven days or a single dose of GSP 200 mg/kg significantly increased the % freezing time in contextual tests on the 1st (72.18 ± 12.39% vs. 37.60 ± 8.93%; 78.27 ± 8.46% vs. 52.72 ± 2.64%), 3rd (93.80 ± 7.62% vs. 52.94 ± 14.10%; 87.65 ± 10.86% vs. 52.89 ± 1.73%) and 7th (91.36 ± 5.31% vs. 64.09 ± 14.46%; 93.78 ± 3.92% vs. 79.17 ± 1.79%) day after anaesthesia. In the hippocampus of mice exposed to isoflurane, GSP 200 mg/kg increased the total SOD activity on the 1st and 3rd day and reversed the decreased activity of the NR2B/CREB pathway.Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that GSP improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbing antioxidant enzyme activities and NR2B/CREB pathway. Therefore, GSP may possess a potential prophylactic role in isoflurane-induced and other oxidative stress-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Catalase immobilized antimonene quantum dots used as an electrochemical biosensor for quantitative determination of H2O2 from CA-125 diagnosed ovarian cancer samples. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deng Y, Li S, Wang M, Chen X, Tian L, Wang L, Yang W, Chen L, He F, Yin W. Flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers exert antitumor activity in colorectal cancer through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. Food Funct 2020; 11:10448-10466. [PMID: 33241810 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Okra flowers contain a higher content of total flavonoids than most other flowers; however little research has been conducted on their potential benefits, including antitumor activity. In this study, we extracted and purified flavonoids from okra flower (AFE), and aimed to evaluate the effect of AFE and its underlying mechanism on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Here, we identify that AFE is a safe, natural antioxidant and exerts significant antitumor efficacy on the inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and metastasis as well as tumour growth in vivo. We further reveal that AFE inhibits CRC cell proliferation by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, which results from the activation of p53 and induction of apoptosis and senescence, and inhibits autophagic degradation. Furthermore, AFE inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells by regulating the balance of MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9 expression levels. Of note, administration of AFE as a preventive agent achieves a more effective antitumor effect than the therapeutic agent in a xenograft mouse model. Our results reveal, for the first time, that AFE is a safe, natural antioxidant with significant antitumor efficacy, which has great potential in the application for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Seo J, Lee J, Yang HY, Ju J. Antirrhinum majus L. flower extract inhibits cell growth and metastatic properties in human colon and lung cancer cell lines. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6259-6268. [PMID: 33282275 PMCID: PMC7684585 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Snapdragon ( Antirrhinum majus L.) flowers are one of the most frequently used edible flowers in different preparations of foods and drinks. In this study, we examined inhibitory effects of snapdragon flower extract (SFE) against distinctive properties of cancer cells, stimulated growth, and activated metastasis, using H1299 lung cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. SFE treatment at 100-1,000 μg/ml for 24-72 hr resulted in a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition in H1299 and HCT116 cells. Cell cycle analysis and Annexin V staining assay further revealed that SFE caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis, indicating the growth inhibition by SFE is attributed to its G2/M cell cycle-arresting and apoptosis-inducing activities. SFE dose-dependently enhanced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in H1299 cells but had no effect on intracellular ROS levels in HCT116 cells, suggesting that the type of apoptosis induced by SFE in H1299 cells is different to that in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, SFE alleviated invasion, levels of matrix metalloproteinases, migration, and adhesion in H1299 and HCT116 cells. These results indicate that SFE not only inhibits cell growth by cell cycle arrest at G2/M and apoptosis induction but also alleviates metastatic properties such as invasion, migration, and adhesion in lung and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Seo
- Department of Food and NutritionChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Jungjae Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Hyi Young Yang
- Department of Food and NutritionChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Jihyeung Ju
- Department of Food and NutritionChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
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AlQathama A, Ezuruike UF, Mazzari ALDA, Yonbawi A, Chieli E, Prieto JM. Effects of Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants on the Viability, Mobility, and Multidrug-Resistant Mechanisms in Liver, Colon, and Skin Cancer Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:546439. [PMID: 33071779 PMCID: PMC7533547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.546439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants indicated for chronic diseases usually have good safety margins as they are intended for lifelong treatments. We hypothesized that they may provide patients with baseline protection to cancers and multidrug resistance-reversing phytochemicals resulting in successful prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy-resistant cancers. We selected 27 popular herbal infusions widely used in Nigeria for diabetes and studied their effects on a panel of liver (HepG2), colon (Caco2), and skin (B16-F10) cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was measured using the SRB staining assay. The 2D antimigratory effect was evaluated using an Oris™ platform. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity was evaluated using Rh-123 as a fluorescent probe. The inhibition of tyrosinase-mediated melanogenesis was evaluated by colorimetric enzymatic assays. Our results show that melanoma cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae), Bridelia ferruginea (Phyllanthaceae), D. ogea (Leguminosae), and Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) extracts (GI50 = 50 µg/ml). Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae), Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae), and Strophanthus hispidus (Apocynaceae) were preferentially toxic against Caco2 (GI50 = 50, 5 and 35 µg/ml, respectively). The most active extracts against different drug resistance mechanisms were B. ferruginea (inhibition of P-gp efflux, and impairing tyrosinase activity) and X. americana (inhibition of P-gp efflux). A. leiocarpus, Kaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), S. guineense, and Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae) significantly inhibited B16-F10 cell migration. Lupeol, ursolic acid, quercitrin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid were dereplicated by HPLC and HPTLC as their bioactive phytochemicals. In conclusion, the above in-vitro activities of herbal infusions regularly consumed by Nigerian diabetic patients may either act as a baseline chemoprotection or as sensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah AlQathama
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Yonbawi
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisabetta Chieli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose M Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Beeraka NM, Doreswamy SH, Sadhu SP, Srinivasan A, Pragada RR, Madhunapantula SV, Aliev G. The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186818. [PMID: 32957534 PMCID: PMC7555629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Shalini H. Doreswamy
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Surya P. Sadhu
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeswara Rao Pragada
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
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Yarmohammadi F, Wallace Hayes A, Najafi N, Karimi G. The protective effect of natural compounds against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22605. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology University of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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ROS-Mediated Therapeutic Strategy in Chemo-/Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5047987. [PMID: 32774675 PMCID: PMC7396055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5047987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a highly genetic and metabolic heterogeneous collection of malignancies of the lip, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and larynx with five-year survival rates ranging from 12% to 93%. Patients with head and neck cancer typically present with advanced stage III, IVa, or IVb disease and are treated with comprehensive modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Despite advancements in treatment modality and technique, noisome recurrence, invasiveness, and resistance as well as posttreatment complications severely influence survival rate and quality of life. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed that offer enhanced efficacy with less toxicity. ROS in cancer cells plays a vital role in regulating cell death, DNA repair, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment, all of which have been implicated in resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Adjusting ROS generation and elimination to reverse the resistance of cancer cells without impairing normal cells show great hope in improving the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. In the current review, we discuss the pivotal and targetable redox-regulating system including superoxide dismutases (SODs), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trxs), peroxiredoxins (PRXs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/keap1), and mitochondria electron transporter chain (ETC) complexes and their roles in regulating ROS levels and their clinical significance implicated in chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. We also summarize several old drugs (referred to as the non-anti-cancer drugs used in other diseases for a long time) and small molecular compounds as well as natural herbs which effectively modulate cellular ROS of head and neck cancer to synergize the efficacy of conventional chemo-/radiotherapy. Emerging interdisciplinary techniques including photodynamic, nanoparticle system, and Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy are promising measures to broaden the potency of ROS modulation for the benefit of chemo-/radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.
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Koolaji N, Shammugasamy B, Schindeler A, Dong Q, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. Citrus Peel Flavonoids as Potential Cancer Prevention Agents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa025. [PMID: 32391511 PMCID: PMC7199889 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit and in particular flavonoid compounds from citrus peel have been identified as agents with utility in the treatment of cancer. This review provides a background and overview regarding the compounds found within citrus peel with putative anticancer potential as well as the associated in vitro and in vivo studies. Historical studies have identified a number of cellular processes that can be modulated by citrus peel flavonoids including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. More recently, molecular studies have started to elucidate the underlying cell signaling pathways that are responsible for the flavonoids' mechanism of action. These growing data support further research into the chemopreventative potential of citrus peel extracts, and purified flavonoids in particular. This critical review highlights new research in the field and synthesizes the pathways modulated by flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds into a generalized schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Koolaji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan Shammugasamy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zhang X, Li G, Liu Z, Liu Z, Jiang J. Iminoboronate Backbone‐Based Hyperbranched Polymeric Micelles with Fenton‐Like Enhanced ROS Response. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 P. R. China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 P. R. China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 P. R. China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 P. R. China
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Hu B, Yu S, Shi C, Gu J, Shao Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Mezzenga R. Amyloid-Polyphenol Hybrid Nanofilaments Mitigate Colitis and Regulate Gut Microbial Dysbiosis. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2760-2776. [PMID: 31961657 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is a desirable and powerful strategy to precisely fabricate functional soft matter through self-assembly of molecular building blocks across a range of length scales. Proteins, nucleic acids, and polyphenols are the self-assemblers ubiquitous in nature. Assembly of proteins into flexible biocolloids, amyloid fibrils with high aspect ratio, has emerged as an unchallenged templating strategy for high-end technological materials and bio-nanotechnologies. We demonstrate the ability of these fibrils to support the deposition and self-assembly of polyphenols into hybrid nanofilaments and functional macroscopic hydrogels made thereof. The length scale of the substance that amyloid fibrils can attach with acting as the building templates was extended from nanometer down to sub-nanometer. Significantly increased loading capacities of polyphenols (up to 4.0 wt %) compared to that of other delivery systems and improved stability were realized. After oral administration, the hydrogels could transport from the stomach to the small intestine and finally to the gut (cecum, colon, rectum), with a long retention time in the colon. Oral administration of the hydrogels significantly ameliorated colitis in a mouse model, promoted intestinal barrier function, suppressed the pro-inflammatory mRNA expression, and very significantly (P < 0.01) regulated gut microbial dysbiosis. Specifically, it reduced the abundance of normally enriched operational taxonomic units related to colitis, especially targeting facultative anaerobes of the phylum Proteobacteria, such as Aestuariispira and Escherichia. The short-chain fatty acid metabolites were enriched. Combined with their nontoxic nature observed in this long-term study in mice, the obtained amyloid-polyphenol gels have high application potentials for gastrointestinal diseases by "drugging the microbiome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Yun Shao
- Geriatric Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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Xu W, Wang Z, Li K, Jin R. Huai Qi Huang Potentiates Dexamethasone-Mediated Lethality in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Upregulating Glucocorticoid Receptor α. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921649. [PMID: 32065117 PMCID: PMC7043341 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids are important components of a number of chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A primary cause of treatment failure of ALL is acquired resistance to glucocorticoids. Recently, traditional Chinese medicines were effectively used to treat solid tumors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether Huai Qi Huang (HQH), a traditional Chinese medicine, increased the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of ALL, and if so, to determine the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods Various concentrations of HQH were used to treat Jurkat and Nalm-6 cells for 24 to 72 hours. Subsequently, cells were co-treated with HQH and the glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone (DEX), or a MEK inhibitor (PD98059) to verify the synergistic effects on apoptosis in Jurkat and Nalm-6 cells for 24 hours. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Protein and mRNA expression levels were assessed using western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The results revealed that cell survival was reduced and apoptosis was increased as the HQH concentration was increased, and this was accompanied with increases in the levels of BAX, cleaved-caspase-3 and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and decreases in the levels of Bcl-2 and phospho-ERK (pERK). Glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) and total ERK (t-ERK) had no significant changes. Combined treatment with HQH and DEX or PD98059 increased apoptosis in Jurkat and Nalm-6 cells, and concurrently increased BAX, cleaved-caspase-3, GILZ, NFKBIA, and GRα and decreased Bcl-2 and pERK. Conclusions HQH enhanced the sensitivity of ALL cells to glucocorticoids by increasing the expression of GRα and inhibiting the MEK/ERK pathway, thus providing a rational foundation for the treatment of ALL with HQH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhujun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Zhu X, Ouyang W, Pan C, Gao Z, Han Y, Song M, Feng K, Xiao H, Cao Y. Identification of a new benzophenone from Psidium guajava L. leaves and its antineoplastic effects on human colon cancer cells. Food Funct 2020; 10:4189-4198. [PMID: 31250851 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. leaves have a long history of being consumed as herbal teas in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify compounds with anticancer potentials from Psidium guajava L. leaves. Utilizing various extraction and chromatographical techniques, we have isolated one new (2) and two known compounds (1, 3). Structural analyses by the spectroscopic methods of TOF-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC identified these three compounds as guavinoside E (1), 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-1-O-(6'-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-benzophenone (2), and guavinoside B (3). Cell viability assays showed that compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the growth of HCT116 human colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, where compound 2 was more potent than compound 3. Based on flow cytometry analysis, compound 2 showed stronger activity in inducing cellular apoptosis in cancer cells than compound 3. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 3 modulated expression levels of key proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling. Specifically, compound 2 increased the levels of p53, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and cleaved caspases 8 and 9, and compound 3 increased the levels of p53 and cleaved caspase 8. Overall, this study provided identities of three bioactive compounds from P. guajava L. leaves and their anti-cancer effects against human colon cancer cells, which could facilitate the utilization of these compounds and P. guajava L. leaves as potential chemoprevention agents against colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Zhu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Rationally Designed Ruthenium Complexes for Breast Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020265. [PMID: 31936496 PMCID: PMC7024301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the anticancer potential of ruthenium-based complexes, several species were reported as promising candidates for the treatment of breast cancer, which accounts for the greatest number of new cases in women every year worldwide. Among these ruthenium complexes, species containing bioactive ligand(s) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential multitargeting properties, leading to anticancer drug candidates with a broader range of cellular targets/modes of action. This review of the literature aims at providing an overview of the rationally designed ruthenium-based complexes that have been reported to date for which ligands were carefully selected for the treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancers (estrogen receptor (ER+) or progesterone receptor (PR+)). In addition, this brief survey highlights some of the most successful examples of ruthenium complexes reported for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive type of cancer, regardless of if their ligands are known to have the ability to achieve a specific biological function.
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40
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Liang K, Bae KH, Nambu A, Dutta B, Chung JE, Osato M, Kurisawa M. A two-pronged anti-leukemic agent based on a hyaluronic acid–green tea catechin conjugate for inducing targeted cell death and terminal differentiation. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:497-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-pronged anti-leukemic approach for leukemic cell elimination and differentiation is demonstrated using a hyaluronic acid–green tea catechin conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
| | - Akiko Nambu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- 117599 Singapore
| | - Bibek Dutta
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- 117599 Singapore
| | - Joo Eun Chung
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
| | - Motomi Osato
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore
- National University of Singapore
- 117599 Singapore
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Kim C, Ji J, Ho Baek S, Lee JH, Ha IJ, Lim SS, Yoon HJ, Je Nam Y, Ahn KS. Fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts exert anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and improve skin moisturizing efficacy in immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:392-402. [PMID: 31188689 PMCID: PMC6566750 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1621353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Context: Citrus unshiu Markovich (Rutaceae) peel is known to contain high concentrations of flavonoids and exerts pharmacological effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammation, allergies, diabetes and viral infections. Objective: Very little is known about potential activity of fermented dried Citrus unshiu peel extracts (FCU) using Bacillus subtilis, as well as its mechanism of action. We investigated the effects of FCU on the anti-inflammatory activities in murine macrophages and moisturizing effects in human keratinocytes. Materials and methods: We isolated the Bacillus subtilis from Cheonggukjang and FCU using these Bacillus subtilis to prepare samples. The cells were pre-treated with various extracts for 2 h and then induced with LPS for 22 h. We determined the NO assay, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 ells. The expression of SPT and Filaggrin by FCU treatment was measured in HaCaT cells. Result: We found that two types of FCU highly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) without exerting cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells (21.9 and 15.4% reduction). FCU inhibited the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 proteins and their mRNAs in a concentration-dependent manner. TNF-α (59 and 30.9% reduction), IL-6 (39.1 and 65.6% reduction), and PGE2 secretion (78.6 and 82.5% reduction) were suppressed by FCU in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, FCU can induce the production of hyaluronic acid (38 and 38.9% induction) and expression of Filaggrin and SPT in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Discussion and conclusion: FCU potentially inhibits inflammation, improves skin moisturizing efficacy, and it may be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Kwang Seok Ahn Department of Korean Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul02447, Republic of Korea
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Hung W, Ho C, Pan M. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroinflammation: Health Promoting Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900550. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Lun Hung
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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Vabeiryureilai M, Lalrinzuali K, Jagetia GC. Chemopreventive effect of hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid in two stage skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02521. [PMID: 31720442 PMCID: PMC6838872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-protective ability of hesperidin was investigated on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. Topical application of DMBA+TPA on mice skin led to 100% tumour incidence and rise in average number of tumours. Administration of different doses of hesperidin (HPD) before (pre) or after (post) and continuous (pre and post) DMBA application significantly reduced tumour incidence and average number of tumours in comparison to DMBA+TPA treatment alone. Topical application of DMBA+TPA increased oxidative stress as shown by significantly increased TBARS values and reduced glutathione contents, and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Hesperidin treatment significantly reduced TBARS values and elevated glutathione concentration and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the skin/tumors of mice treated with HPD+DMBA+TPA, HPD+DMBA+TPA+HPD or DMBA+TPA+HPD when compared to DMBA+TPA application alone. The study of molecular mechanisms showed that hesperidin suppressed expression of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB in a dose dependent manner with a maximum inhibition at the level of 300 mg/kg body weight hesperidin. In conclusion, oral administration of hesperidin protected mice against chemical carcinogenesis by increasing antioxidant status, reducing DMBA+TPA induced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response, and repressing of Rassf7, Nrf2, PARP and NF-κB levels.
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Delman M, Avcı ST, Akçok İ, Kanbur T, Erdal E, Çağır A. Antiproliferative activity of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and EpCAM +/CD133 + cancer stem cells via SIRT1 and Exportin-1 (CRM1) inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:224-237. [PMID: 31306909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic effects of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon were investigated on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7 and HepG2) and HuH-7 EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cells. IC50 of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon was found as 1.25 μM for HuH-7 parental cells while it was found as 2.50 μM for HuH-7 EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cells. (R)-4'-methylklavuzon tended to show more efficient in vitro cytotoxicity with its lower IC50 values on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines compared to its lead molecule, goniothalamin and FDA-approved drugs, sorafenib and regorafenib. Cell-based Sirtuin/HDAC enzyme activity measurements revealed that endogenous Sirtuin/HDAC enzymes were reduced by 40% compared to control. SIRT1 protein levels were upregulated indicating triggered DNA repair mechanism. p53 was overexpressed in HepG2 cells. (R)-4'-methylklavuzon inhibited CRM1 protein providing increased retention of p53 and RIOK2 protein in the nucleus. HuH-7 parental and EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cell spheroids lost intact morphology. 3D HepG2 spheroid viabilities were decreased in a correlation with upregulation in p53 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Delman
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sanem Tercan Avcı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Akçok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Kanbur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ali Çağır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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Al-Sheddi ES. Cytotoxic Potential of Petroleum ether, Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform, and Ethanol Extracts of Lavandula Coronopifolia Against Human Breast Carcinoma Cell line (MDA-MB-321). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2943-2949. [PMID: 31653139 PMCID: PMC6982652 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cause of deaths in women. The search for traditionally used medicinal plants which can serve as non-toxic and affordable anticancer drugs is the need of the hour. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of extracts of L. coronopifolia against human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-321). METHODS The MDA-MB-231 cells were plated in 96 well plates and exposed to 10-1,000 μg/ml of L. coronopifolia for 24 h. The cytotoxic response of different extracts was measured by MTT assay, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and cellular morphological alterations under the microscope. RESULTS A concentration-dependent decrease in the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was observed after the exposure of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of L. coronopifolia. The cell viability was found to be 82%, 89% and 98% at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in petroleum ether, 37%, 75% and 88% at 1,000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in ethyl acetate extract, 30%, 35% and 64% at 1,000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in chloroform extract and 44%, 65% and 82% at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in ethanolic extract of L. coronopifolia exposed MDA-MB-231 cells. The results also exhibited morphological alterations in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to various extracts. The cells treated with 250- 1000 μg/ml lost their original morphology and cell linkage as compared to control cells. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest the promising anticancer potential of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of L. coronopifolia against MDA-MB-321 cells. Further studies are required to know the mechanism(s) involved in the cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Song S, Gao K, Niu R, Wang J, Zhang J, Gao C, Yang B, Liao X. Inclusion complexes between chrysin and amino-appended β-cyclodextrins (ACDs): Binding behavior, water solubility, in vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110161. [PMID: 31753384 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid inclusion complexes between chrysin and four amino-appended β-cyclodextrins (ACDs) were prepared by suspension method and characterized in solid and solution states by kinds of analytical methods. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinct micro-morphologies of them. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed their unique thermal properties, such as decomposition temperatures and endothermic points. Powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis disclosed their unique crystal patterns. Their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses provided the variations of chemical shifts before and after the formation of inclusion complexes. Their binding stability constants (Ks) were 574, 842, 704, and 474 L·mol-1, respectively, as determined by spectral titration. A 1:1 inclusion mode with self-assembly of their amino side chains inside the ACD cavity was proposed based on Job plot and 2D-ROESY experiments. Water solubility of chrysin was promoted up to 4411.98 μg·mL-1 after formation of inclusion complexes with ACDs, better than that of β-CD and its derivatives, i.e., HP- and SBE-β-CD. In vitro antioxidant activity of chrysin was also improved after inclusion complexation by the DPPH scavenging assay. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of solid inclusion complexes towards three human cancer cell lines, A549, HT-29 and HCT116 were enhanced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Raomei Niu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China; Jiangsu Xinchen Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 222047 Lianyungang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007 Yancheng, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Quality Management, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China.
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Sajadimajd S, Momtaz S, Haratipour P, El-Senduny FF, Panah AI, Navabi J, Soheilikhah Z, Farzaei MH, Rahimi R. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Algal Polysaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1210-1235. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190425155126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Algal polysaccharide and oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a
variety of therapeutic potentials and drug delivery applications. Algal polysaccharides contain sulfated sugar
monomers derived from seaweed including brown, red, and green microalgae. Here, in this review, the recent
progress of algal polysaccharides’ therapeutic applications as anticancer agents, as well as underlying cellular and
molecular mechanisms was investigated. Moreover, recent progress in the structural chemistry of important polysaccharides
with anticancer activities were illustrated.
Methods:
Electronic databases including “Scopus”, “PubMed”, and “Cochrane library” were searched using the
keywords “cancer”, or “tumor”, or “malignancy” in title/abstract, along with “algae”, or “algal” in the whole text
until July 2018. Only English language papers were included.
Results:
The most common polysaccharides involved in cancer management were sulfated polysaccharides, Fucoidans,
Carageenans, and Ulvan from different species of algae that have been recognized in vitro and in vivo.
The underlying anticancer mechanisms of algal polysaccharides included induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest,
modulation of transduction signaling pathways, suppression of migration and angiogenesis, as well as activation
of immune responses and antioxidant system. VEGF/VEGFR2, TGFR/Smad/Snail, TLR4/ROS/ER, CXCL12/
CXCR4, TGFR/Smad7/Smurf2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PBK/TOPK, and β-catenin/Wnt are among the main cellular
signaling pathways which have a key role in the preventive and therapeutic effects of algal polysaccharides
against oncogenesis.
Conclusion:
Algal polysaccharides play a crucial role in the management of cancer and may be considered the
next frontier in pharmaceutical research. Further well-designed clinical trials are mandatory to evaluate the efficacy
and safety of algal polysaccharides in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardous F. El-Senduny
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amin Iran Panah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Navabi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Soheilikhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416663361, Iran
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Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng chemoprevents both initiation and promotion of cutaneous carcinoma by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:580-592. [PMID: 32617038 PMCID: PMC7322735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng (thereafter called ginseng) has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years to maintain people's physical vitality and is also a non–organ-specific cancer preventive and therapeutic traditional medicine in several epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Owing to few toxic side effects and strong enhancement on body immunity, ginseng has admirable application potential and value in cancer chemoprevention. The study aims at investigating the chemopreventive effects of ginseng on cutaneous carcinoma and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The mouse skin cancer model was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for identifying various ginsenosides, the main active ingredients of ginseng. Comprehensive approaches (including network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental verification) were used to explore the potential targets of ginseng. Results Ginseng treatment inhibited cutaneous carcinoma in terms of initiation and promotion. The content of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd ginsenosides was the highest in both mouse blood and skin tissues. Ginseng and its active components well maintained the redox homeostasis and modulated the immune response in the model. Specifically, ginseng treatment inhibited the initiation of skin cancer by enhancing T-cell–mediated immune response through upregulating HSP27 expression and inhibited the promotion of skin cancer by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis through promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Conclusion According to the study results, ginseng can be potentially used for cutaneous carcinoma as a chemopreventive agent by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis with multiple components, targets, and links.
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Rodríguez-deLeón E, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Báez JE, Bah MM. A Simple and Efficient Method for the Partial Synthesis of Pure (3 R,3' S)-Astaxanthin from (3 R,3' R,6' R)-Lutein and Lutein Esters via (3 R,3' S)-Zeaxanthin and Theoretical Study of Their Formation Mechanisms. Molecules 2019; 24:E1386. [PMID: 30970551 PMCID: PMC6480186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural compounds that have important roles in promoting and maintaining human health. Synthetic astaxanthin is a highly requested product by the aquaculture industry, but natural astaxanthin is not. Various strategies have been developed to synthesize this carotenoid. Nonetheless, these approaches have not only provided limited global yields, but its main commercial source also carries several health risks for humans. In this contribution, the one-pot base-catalyzed reaction of (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein (1) esters has resulted in a successful isomerization process to easily obtain up to 95% meso-zeaxanthin (2), which in turn is oxidized to (3R,3'S)-astaxanthin (3) with a global yield of 68%. The same oxidation performed with UV irradiation (365 nm) for 5 min provided the highest global yield (76%). These chemical transformations have also been achieved with a significant reduction of the health risks associated with its potential human consumption. Furthermore, this is the first time only one of the configurational isomers has been obtained semisynthetically. The poorly understood formation mechanisms of these two compounds were also investigated using Density-Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. These theoretical studies revealed that the isomerization involves a base-catalyzed deprotonation at C-6', followed by C-4' protonation, while the oxidation occurs via free radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Rodríguez-deLeón
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico.
| | - José E Báez
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico.
| | - M Moustapha Bah
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico.
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