1
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Yang Y, Tan YQ, Wang X, Li JJ, Du BY, Zhu M, Wang P, Wang YF. OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELs to trigger Ca2+ signaling for abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2328-2358. [PMID: 38442317 PMCID: PMC11132897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are abscisic acid (ABA)-activated Ca2+ channels in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) guard cells. In particular, CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12 are essential for ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal movements. However, the mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated regulation of CNGCs and Ca2+ signaling are still unknown. In this study, we identified the Ca2+-independent protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) as a CNGC activator in Arabidopsis. OST1-targeted phosphorylation sites were identified in CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. These CNGCs were strongly inhibited by Ser-to-Ala mutations and fully activated by Ser-to-Asp mutations at the OST1-targeted sites. The overexpression of individual inactive CNGCs (iCNGCs) under the UBIQUITIN10 promoter in wild-type Arabidopsis conferred a strong dominant-negative-like ABA-insensitive stomatal closure phenotype. In contrast, expressing active CNGCs (aCNGCs) under their respective native promoters in the cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 quadruple mutant fully restored ABA-activated cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and Ca2+ currents in guard cells, and rescued the ABA-insensitive stomatal movement mutant phenotypes. Thus, we uncovered that ABA elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signaling via an OST1-CNGC module, in which OST1 functions as a convergence point of the Ca2+-dependent and -independent pathways in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Ya Du
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Kim EY, Kim MH, Yun SD, Lee SK, Kim EJ, Kim JH, Oh SA, Kim YJ, Jung KH, Park SK. Redundant role of OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 encoding cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in rice pollen germination and tube growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108522. [PMID: 38493663 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In staple crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), pollen plays a crucial role in seed production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice pollen germination and tube growth remain underexplored. Notably, we recently uncovered the redundant expression and mutual interaction of two rice genes encoding cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5, in mature pollen. Building on these findings, the current study focused on clarifying the functional roles of these two genes in pollen germination and tube growth. To overcome functional redundancy, we produced gene-edited rice plants with mutations in both genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The resulting homozygous OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 gene-edited mutants (oscngc4/5) exhibited significantly lower pollen germination rates than the wild type (WT), along with severely reduced fertility. Transcriptome analysis of the double oscngc4/5 mutant revealed downregulation of genes related to receptor kinases, transporters, and cell wall metabolism. To identify the direct regulators of OsCNGC4, which form a heterodimer with OsCNGC5, we screened a yeast two-hybrid library containing rice cDNAs from mature anthers. Subsequently, we identified two calmodulin isoforms (CaM1-1 and CaM1-2), NETWORKED 2 A (NET2A), and proline-rich extension-like receptor kinase 13 (PERK13) proteins as interactors of OsCNGC4, suggesting its roles in regulating Ca2+ channel activity and F-actin organization. Overall, our results suggest that OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 may play critical roles in pollen germination and elongation by regulating the Ca2+ gradient in growing pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Dae Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Zheng L, Yu Y, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Wu N, Jiang C, Zhao H, Niu D. Long small RNA76113 targets CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL 5 to repress disease resistance in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1889-1905. [PMID: 37949839 PMCID: PMC10904327 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs are widely involved in plant immune responses. However, the role of long small RNAs (25 to 40 nt) in monocot plant disease resistance is largely unknown. Here, we identified a long small RNA (lsiR76113) from rice (Oryza sativa) that is downregulated by Magnaporthe oryzae infection and targets a gene encoding CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL 5 (CNGC5). The cngc5 mutant lines were more susceptible to M. oryzae than the wild type, while knocking down lsiR76113 in transgenic rice plants promoted pathogen resistance. A protoplast transient expression assay showed that OsCNGC5 promotes Ca2+ influx. These results demonstrate that OsCNGC5 enhances rice resistance to rice blast by increasing the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Importantly, exogenous Ca2+ application enhanced rice M. oryzae resistance by affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, cngc5 mutants attenuated the PAMP-triggered immunity response, including chitin-induced and flg22-induced ROS bursts and protein phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, indicating that OsCNGC5 is essential for PAMP-induced calcium signaling in rice. Taken together, these results suggest that lsiR76113-mediated regulation of Ca2+ influx is important for PTI responses and disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Ruan H, Wang T, Ren H, Zhang Y. AtFH5-labeled secretory vesicles-dependent calcium oscillation drives exocytosis and stepwise bulge during pollen germination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113319. [PMID: 37897722 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen germination is an essential step for delivering sperm cells to the embryo sac for double fertilization in flowering plants. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and vesicle dynamics are critical for pollen germination, but their potential correlation in pollen grains is not fully understood. Here, we report that [Ca2+]cyt oscillates periodically at the prospective germination sites during pollen germination. The [Ca2+]cyt is mainly from extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ext) influx, which implicates the Ca2+-permeable ion channel cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 (CNGC18). The [Ca2+]cyt oscillations spatiotemporally correlate with the accumulation of secretory vesicles labeled by a formin protein AtFH5, and disruption of vesicle accumulation inhibits the [Ca2+]cyt oscillations. In turn, the [Ca2+]cyt oscillations promote exocytosis, which leads to stepwise cell extension during pollen germination. Together, these data provide a timeline of vesicle dynamics, calcium oscillation, and exocytosis during pollen germination and highlight the importance of the correlation of these events for pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Biological Science and Technology, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Biological Science and Technology, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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6
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Jiang Z, Du L, Shen L, He J, Xia X, Zhang L, Yang X. Genome-Wide Exploration and Expression Analysis of the CNGC Gene Family in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) under Cold Stress, with Functional Characterization of SmCNGC1a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13049. [PMID: 37685854 PMCID: PMC10487859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important economic crop, and to date, there has been no genome-wide identification and analysis of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) gene family in eggplant. In this study, we identified the CNGC gene family in eggplant, and the results showed that 29 SmCNGC genes were classified into five groups, unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of eggplant. The gene structure and motif analysis indicated that the SmCNGC family proteins may exhibit apparent preferences during evolution. Furthermore, our study revealed the presence of numerous light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of SmCNGC genes, suggesting their significant role in environmental adaptability regulation. Finally, we analyzed the expression patterns of all SmCNGC genes under cold stress and found that SmCNGC1a was significantly upregulated under cold stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that this gene is located on the plasma membrane. Subsequently, its importance in the low-temperature response of eggplant was validated through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and its protein interactome was predicted. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulatory mechanisms of the CNGC gene family in eggplant, laying an important foundation for further research on cold adaptation in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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7
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Ma Y, Garrido K, Ali R, Berkowitz GA. Phenotypes of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel mutants: probing the nature of native channels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1223-1236. [PMID: 36633062 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) facilitate cytosolic Ca2+ influx as an early step in numerous signaling cascades. CNGC-mediated Ca2+ elevations are essential for plant immune defense and high temperature thermosensing. In the present study, we evaluated phenotypes of CNGC2, CNGC4, CNGC6, and CNGC12 null mutants in these two pathways. It is shown CNGC2, CNGC4, and CNGC6 physically interact in vivo, whereas CNGC12 does not. CNGC involvement in immune signaling was evaluated by monitoring mutant response to elicitor peptide Pep3. Pep3 response cascades involving CNGCs included mitogen-activated kinase activation mediated by Ca2+ -dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Pep3-induced reactive oxygen species generation was impaired in cngc2, cngc4, and cngc6, but not in cngc12, suggesting that CNGC2, CNGC4, and CNGC6 (which physically interact) may be components of a multimeric CNGC channel complex for immune signaling. However, unlike cngc2 and cngc4, cngc6 is not sensitive to high Ca2+ and displays no pleiotropic dwarfism. All four cngc mutants showed thermotolerance compared to wild-type, although CNGC12 does not interact with the other three CNGCs. These results imply that physically interacting CNGCs may, in some cases, function in a signaling cascade as components of a heteromeric channel complex, although this may not be the case in other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | | | | | - Gerald A Berkowitz
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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8
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Shen X, Zhu M, Shen J, Zhang W, Hu H, Wang YF. Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels function as ABA-activated Ca2+ channels required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:239-259. [PMID: 36069643 PMCID: PMC9806652 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated inward Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of guard cells are required for the initiation and regulation of ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal closure in plants. But the identities of the PM Ca2+ channels are still unknown. We hypothesized that the ABA-activated Ca2+ channels consist of multiple CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL (CNGC) proteins from the CNGC family, which is known as a Ca2+-permeable channel family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this research, we observed high expression of multiple CNGC genes in Arabidopsis guard cells, namely CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. The T-DNA insertional loss-of-function quadruple mutant cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 (hereafter c5/6/9/12) showed a strong ABA-insensitive phenotype of stomatal closure. Further analysis revealed that ABA-activated Ca2+ channel currents were impaired, and ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation patterns were disrupted in c5/6/9/12 guard cells compared with in wild-type guard cells. All ABA-related phenotypes of the c5/6/9/12 mutant were successfully rescued by the expression of a single gene out of the four CNGCs under the respective native promoter. Thus, our findings reveal a type of ABA-activated PM Ca2+ channel comprising multiple CNGCs, which is essential for ABA-specific Ca2+ signaling of guard cells and ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Shi J, Du X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels in response to exogenous abscisic acid and calcium treatment under drought stress in tomato. Front Genet 2023; 14:1139087. [PMID: 36926586 PMCID: PMC10013689 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1139087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drought stress can limit the growth and development of tomato seedlings and cause considerable loss of tomato yield. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium (Ca2+) can effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress to plants in part because Ca2+ acts as a second messenger in the drought resistance pathway. Although cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are common non-specific Ca2+ osmotic channels in cell membranes, a thorough understanding of the transcriptome characteristics of tomato treated with exogenous ABA and Ca2+ under drought stress is necessary to characterize the molecular mechanism of CNGC involved in tomato drought resistance. Results: There were 12,896 differentially expressed genes in tomato under drought stress, as well as 11,406 and 12,502 differentially expressed genes after exogenous ABA and Ca2+ application, respectively. According to functional annotations and reports, the 19 SlCNGC genes related to Ca2+ transport were initially screened, with 11 SlCNGC genes that were upregulated under drought stress and downregulated after exogenous ABA application. After exogenous Ca2+ application, the data showed that two of these genes were upregulated, while nine genes were downregulated. Based on these expression patterns, we predicted the role of SlCNGC genes in the drought resistance pathway and their regulation by exogenous ABA and Ca2+ in tomato. Conclusion: The results of this study provide foundational data for further study of the function of SlCNGC genes and a more comprehensive understanding of drought resistance mechanisms in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangge Du
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Gao Q, Wang C, Xi Y, Shao Q, Hou C, Li L, Luan S. RALF signaling pathway activates MLO calcium channels to maintain pollen tube integrity. Cell Res 2023; 33:71-79. [PMID: 36588121 PMCID: PMC9810639 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube tip growth requires intricate Ca2+ signaling. Recent studies have also identified rapid alkalization factor (RALF)-family peptides and their receptors as critical components for pollen tube tip growth and integrity. The functional relationship of RALF and calcium signaling modules remains largely unclear. Here we report that disruption of RALF signaling pathway abolished the cytosolic Ca2+ gradient in the pollen tube, indicating that Ca2+ signaling is downstream of the RALF signaling pathway. We identified MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) family proteins MLO1, 5, 9, 15, as Ca2+ channels required for Ca2+ influx and pollen tube integrity. We further reconstituted the biochemical pathway in which signaling via RALF and RALF receptors activated MLO1/5/9/15 calcium channels. Together, we conclude that RALF peptides derived from pollen tube bind to their receptors to establish pollen tube Ca2+ gradient through activation of the MLO channels. Our finding has thus provided a mechanistic link between the RALF signaling pathway and Ca2+ signaling in controlling pollen tube integrity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Gao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Chao Wang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Yasheng Xi
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Qiaolin Shao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Congcong Hou
- grid.253663.70000 0004 0368 505XCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- grid.253663.70000 0004 0368 505XCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Lee SK, Lee SM, Kim MH, Park SK, Jung KH. Genome-Wide Analysis of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel Genes Related to Pollen Development in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223145. [PMID: 36432876 PMCID: PMC9692566 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the angiosperm, pollen germinates and rapidly expands the pollen tube toward the ovule. This process is important for plant double fertilization and seed setting. It is well known that the tip-focused calcium gradient is essential for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. However, little is known about the Ca2+ channels that play a role in rice pollen germination and tube growth. Here, we divided the 16 cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) genes from rice into five subgroups and found two subgroups (clades II and III) have pollen-preferential genes. Then, we performed a meta-expression analysis of all OsCNGC genes in anatomical samples and identified three pollen-preferred OsCNGCs (OsCNGC4, OsCNGC5, and OsCNGC8). The subcellular localization of these OsCNGC proteins is matched with their roles as ion channels on the plasma membrane. Unlike other OsCNGCs, these genes have a unique cis-acting element in the promoter. OsCNGC4 can act by forming a homomeric complex or a heteromeric complex with OsCNGC5 or OsCNGC8. In addition, it was suggested that they can form a multi-complex with Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) protein or other types of ion transporters, and that their expression can be modulated by Ruptured Pollen tube (RUPO) encoding receptor-like kinase. These results shed light on understanding the regulatory mechanisms of pollen germination and pollen tube growth through calcium channels in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yang B, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang M, Zhong Y, Wang T, Liu P, Song W, Zhao H, Fastner A, Suter M, Rentsch D, Ludewig U, Jin W, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Braun DM, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Wu WH, Li X, Wang Y, Lai J. The sugar transporter ZmSUGCAR1 of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family is critical for maize grain filling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4232-4254. [PMID: 36047828 PMCID: PMC9614462 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, and ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type transporter that transports sucrose and glucose. The activity of this sugar transporter, named Sucrose and Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled sugar uptake and serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp, non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation assays in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch clamping in HEK293T cells. ZmSUGCAR1 is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer and loss-of-function mutation of ZmSUGCAR1 caused significantly decreased sucrose and glucose contents and subsequent shrinkage of maize kernels. Notably, the ZmSUGCAR1 orthologs SbSUGCAR1 (from Sorghum bicolor) and TaSUGCAR1 (from Triticum aestivum) displayed similar sugar transport activities in oocytes, supporting the functional conservation of SUGCAR1 in closely related cereal species. Thus, the discovery of ZmSUGCAR1 uncovers a type of sugar transporter essential for grain development and opens potential avenues for genetic improvement of seed-filling and yield in maize and other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Astrid Fastner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Suter
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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She K, Pan W, Yan Y, Shi T, Chu Y, Cheng Y, Ma B, Song W. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expressional Analysis of OSCA Gene Family in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13027. [PMID: 36361820 PMCID: PMC9653715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channel gene family (OSCA) is one kind of conserved osmosensors, playing a crucial role in maintaining ion and water homeostasis and protecting cellular stability from the damage of hypertonic stress. Although it has been systematically characterized in diverse plants, it is necessary to explore the role of the OSCA family in barley, especially its importance in regulating abiotic stress response. In this study, a total of 13 OSCA genes (HvOSCAs) were identified in barley through an in silico genome search method, which were clustered into 4 clades based on phylogenetic relationships with members in the same clade showing similar protein structures and conserved motif compositions. These HvOSCAs had many cis-regulatory elements related to various abiotic stress, such as MBS and ARE, indicating their potential roles in abiotic stress regulation. Furthermore, their expression patterns were systematically detected under diverse stresses using RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR methods. All of these 13 HvOSCAs were significantly induced by drought, cold, salt and ABA treatment, demonstrating their functions in osmotic regulation. Finally, the genetic variations of the HvOSCAs were investigated using the re-sequencing data, and their nucleotide diversity in wild barley and landrace populations were 0.4966 × 10-3 and 0.391 × 10-3, respectively, indicating that a genetic bottleneck has occurred in the OSCA family during the barley evolution process. This study evaluated the genomic organization, evolutionary relationship and genetic expression of the OSCA family in barley, which not only provides potential candidates for further functional genomic study, but also contributes to genetically improving stress tolerance in barley and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuijun She
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Wenqiu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yingqi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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14
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Constitutive activation of a nuclear-localized calcium channel complex in Medicago truncatula. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205920119. [PMID: 35972963 PMCID: PMC9407390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205920119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ oscillations allow symbiosis signaling, facilitating plant recognition of beneficial microsymbionts, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, and nutrient-capturing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Two classes of channels, DMI1 and CNGC15, in a complex on the nuclear membrane, coordinate symbiotic Ca2+ oscillations. However, the mechanism of Ca2+ signature generation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous activation of this channel complex, through gain-of-function mutations in DMI1, leading to spontaneous nuclear Ca2+ oscillations and spontaneous nodulation, in a CNGC15-dependent manner. The mutations destabilize a hydrogen-bond or salt-bridge network between two RCK domains, with the resultant structural changes, alongside DMI1 cation permeability, activating the channel complex. This channel complex was reconstituted in human HEK293T cell lines, with the resultant calcium influx enhanced by autoactivated DMI1 and CNGC15s. Our results demonstrate the mode of activation of this nuclear channel complex, show that DMI1 and CNGC15 are sufficient to create oscillatory Ca2+ signals, and provide insights into its native mode of induction.
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15
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Lu Z, Yin G, Chai M, Sun L, Wei H, Chen J, Yang Y, Fu X, Li S. Systematic analysis of CNGCs in cotton and the positive role of GhCNGC32 and GhCNGC35 in salt tolerance. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:560. [PMID: 35931984 PMCID: PMC9356423 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are calcium-permeable channels that participate in a variety of biological functions, such as signaling pathways, plant development, and environmental stress and stimulus responses. Nevertheless, there have been few studies on CNGC gene family in cotton. RESULTS In this study, a total of 114 CNGC genes were identified from the genomes of 4 cotton species. These genes clustered into 5 main groups: I, II, III, IVa, and IVb. Gene structure and protein motif analysis showed that CNGCs on the same branch were highly conserved. In addition, collinearity analysis showed that the CNGC gene family had expanded mainly by whole-genome duplication (WGD). Promoter analysis of the GhCNGCs showed that there were a large number of cis-acting elements related to abscisic acid (ABA). Combination of transcriptome data and the results of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that some GhCNGC genes were induced in response to salt and drought stress and to exogenous ABA. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments showed that the silencing of the GhCNGC32 and GhCNGC35 genes decreased the salt tolerance of cotton plants (TRV:00). Specifically, physiological indexes showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in gene-silenced plants (TRV:GhCNGC32 and TRV:GhCNGC35) increased significantly under salt stress but that the peroxidase (POD) activity decreased. After salt stress, the expression level of ABA-related genes increased significantly, indicating that salt stress can trigger the ABA signal regulatory mechanism. CONCLUSIONS we comprehensively analyzed CNGC genes in four cotton species, and found that GhCNGC32 and GhCNGC35 genes play an important role in cotton salt tolerance. These results laid a foundation for the subsequent study of the involvement of cotton CNGC genes in salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Lu
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Guo Yin
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Mao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China.
| | - Shiyun Li
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China.
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16
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A receptor-channel trio conducts Ca 2+ signalling for pollen tube reception. Nature 2022; 607:534-539. [PMID: 35794475 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Precise signalling between pollen tubes and synergid cells in the ovule initiates fertilization in flowering plants1. Contact of the pollen tube with the ovule triggers calcium spiking in the synergids2,3 that induces pollen tube rupture and sperm release. This process, termed pollen tube reception, entails the action of three synergid-expressed proteins in Arabidopsis: FERONIA (FER), a receptor-like kinase; LORELEI (LRE), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein; and NORTIA (NTA), a transmembrane protein of unknown function4-6. Genetic analyses have placed these three proteins in the same pathway; however, it remains unknown how they work together to enable synergid-pollen tube communication. Here we identify two pollen-tube-derived small peptides7 that belong to the rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family8 as ligands for the FER-LRE co-receptor, which in turn recruits NTA to the plasma membrane. NTA functions as a calmodulin-gated calcium channel required for calcium spiking in the synergid. We also reconstitute the biochemical pathway in which FER-LRE perceives pollen-tube-derived peptides to activate the NTA calcium channel and initiate calcium spiking, a second messenger for pollen tube reception. The FER-LRE-NTA trio therefore forms a previously unanticipated receptor-channel complex in the female cell to recognize male signals and trigger the fertilization process.
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17
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Ying S, Scheible W. A novel calmodulin-interacting Domain of Unknown Function 506 protein represses root hair elongation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1796-1812. [PMID: 35312071 PMCID: PMC9314033 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Domain of Unknown Function 506 proteins are ubiquitous in plants. The phosphorus (P) stress-inducible REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR GROWTH1 (AtRXR1) gene encodes the first characterized DUF506. AtRXR1 inhibits root hair elongation by interacting with RabD2c GTPase. However, functions of other P-responsive DUF506 genes are still missing. Here, we selected two additional P-inducible DUF506 genes for further investigation. The expression of both genes was induced by auxin. Under P-stress, At3g07350 gene expressed ubiquitously in seedlings, whereas At1g62420 (AtRXR3) expression was strongest in roots. AtRXR3 overexpressors and knockouts had shorter and longer root hairs, respectively. A functional AtRXR3-green fluorescent protein fusion localized to root epidermal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that AtRXR3 was transcriptionally activated by RSL4. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and calmodulin (CaM)-binding assays showed that AtRXR3 interacted with CaM in the presence of Ca2+ . Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) oscillations in root hairs of rxr3 mutants exhibited elevated frequencies and dampened amplitudes compared to those of wild type. Thus, AtRXR3 is another DUF506 protein that attenuates P-limitation-induced root hair growth through mechanisms that involve RSL4 and interaction with CaM to modulate tip-focused [Ca2+ ]cyt oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
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18
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Köster P, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110741. [PMID: 35560235 PMCID: PMC9194748 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca2+ -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca2+ signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köster
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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19
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Wang J, Chen J, Huang S, Han D, Li J, Guo D. Investigating the Mechanism of Unilateral Cross Incompatibility in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars (Yiduo × Shixia). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:821147. [PMID: 35222456 PMCID: PMC8874016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.821147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important subtropical fruit tree in China. Nearly 90% of longan fruit imports from Thailand are from the cultivar Yiduo. However, we have observed that there exists a unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) when Yiduo is used as a female parent and Shixia (a famous Chinese cultivar) as a male parent. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis coupled with microscopy of pistils from two reciprocal pollination combinations [Shixia♂ × Yiduo♀(SY) and Yiduo♀ × Shixia♂(YS)] 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after pollination. We also explored endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels in pistils of the crosses. The microscopic observations showed that the UCI was sporophytic. The endogenous JA and JA-Ile levels were higher in YS than in SY at the studied time points. We found 7,251 differentially expressed genes from the transcriptome analysis. Our results highlighted that genes associated with JA biosynthesis and signaling, pollen tube growth, cell wall modification, starch and sucrose biosynthesis, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways were differentially regulated between SY and YS. We discussed transcriptomic changes in the above-mentioned pathways regarding the observed microscopic and/or endogenous hormone levels. This is the first report on the elaboration of transcriptomic changes in longan reciprocal pollination combination showing UCI. The results presented here will enable the longan breeding community to better understand the mechanisms of UCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilian Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Duan Y, Wang L, Li X, Wang W, Wang J, Liu X, Zhong Y, Cao N, Tong M, Ge W, Guo Y, Li R. Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12 play crucial roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:598-614. [PMID: 34775642 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen-expressed SKS11 and SKS12 play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. The sks11sks12 mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen from sks11sks12 plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11-GFP and SKS12-mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls of sks11sks12 plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye and use of the H2 O2 sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes of sks11sks12 plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His-Ala , in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes of sks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Nana Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Weina Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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21
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Resentini F, Ruberti C, Grenzi M, Bonza MC, Costa A. The signatures of organellar calcium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1985-2004. [PMID: 33905517 PMCID: PMC8644629 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights about the transport mechanisms involved in the in and out of calcium ions in plant organelles, and their role in the regulation of cytosolic calcium homeostasis in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Milano 20133, Italy
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22
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Böhm J, Scherzer S. Signaling and transport processes related to the carnivorous lifestyle of plants living on nutrient-poor soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2017-2031. [PMID: 35235668 PMCID: PMC8890503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, long-distance and rapid signal transmission is required in order to be able to react fast and flexibly to external stimuli. This long-distance signal transmission cannot take place by diffusion of signal molecules from the site of perception to the target tissue, as their speed is insufficient. Therefore, for adequate stimulus transmission, plants as well as animals make use of electrical signal transmission, as this can quickly cover long distances. This update summarises the most important advances in plant electrical signal transduction with a focus on the carnivorous Venus flytrap. It highlights the different types of electrical signals, examines their underlying ion fluxes and summarises the carnivorous processes downstream of the electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Zhao X, Yu K, Pang C, Wu X, Shi R, Sun C, Zhang W, Chen F, Zhang J, Wang X. QTL Analysis of Five Silique-Related Traits in Brassica napus L. Across Multiple Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766271. [PMID: 34887891 PMCID: PMC8650614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an important physiological and reproductive organ, the silique is a determining factor of seed yield and a breeding target trait in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Genetic studies of silique-related traits are helpful for rapeseed marker-assisted high-yield breeding. In this study, a recombinant inbred population containing 189 lines was used to perform a quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis for five silique-related traits in seven different environments. As a result, 120 consensus QTLs related to five silique-related traits were identified, including 23 for silique length, 25 for silique breadth, 29 for silique thickness, 22 for seed number per silique and 21 for silique volume, which covered all the chromosomes, except C5. Among them, 13 consensus QTLs, one, five, two, four and one for silique length, silique breadth, silique thickness, seed number per silique and silique volume, respectively, were repeatedly detected in multiple environments and explained 4.38-13.0% of the phenotypic variation. On the basis of the functional annotations of Arabidopsis homologous genes and previously reported silique-related genes, 12 potential candidate genes underlying these 13 QTLs were screened and found to be stable in multiple environments by analyzing the re-sequencing results of the two parental lines. These findings provide new insights into the gene networks affecting silique-related traits at the QTL level in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunjiang Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chengke Pang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, China
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24
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Westermann J. Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party-Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112382. [PMID: 34834745 PMCID: PMC8623246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some cells grow by an intricately coordinated process called tip-growth, which allows the formation of long tubular structures by a remarkable increase in cell surface-to-volume ratio and cell expansion across vast distances. On a broad evolutionary scale, tip-growth has been extraordinarily successful, as indicated by its recurrent 're-discovery' throughout evolutionary time in all major land plant taxa which allowed for the functional diversification of tip-growing cell types across gametophytic and sporophytic life-phases. All major land plant lineages have experienced (recurrent) polyploidization events and subsequent re-diploidization that may have positively contributed to plant adaptive evolutionary processes. How individual cells respond to genome-doubling on a shorter evolutionary scale has not been addressed as elaborately. Nevertheless, it is clear that when polyploids first form, they face numerous important challenges that must be overcome for lineages to persist. Evidence in the literature suggests that tip-growth is one of those processes. Here, I discuss the literature to present hypotheses about how polyploidization events may challenge efficient tip-growth and strategies which may overcome them: I first review the complex and multi-layered processes by which tip-growing cells maintain their cell wall integrity and steady growth. I will then discuss how they may be affected by the cellular changes that accompany genome-doubling. Finally, I will depict possible mechanisms polyploid plants may evolve to compensate for the effects caused by genome-doubling to regain diploid-like growth, particularly focusing on cell wall dynamics and the subcellular machinery they are controlled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Liu L, Gao H, Li S, Han Z, Li B. Calcium signaling networks mediate nitrate sensing and responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1938441. [PMID: 34180337 PMCID: PMC8330996 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1938441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate signaling integrates and coordinates the expression of a wide range of genes, metabolic pathways and ultimately, plant growth and development. Calcium signaling is proved to be involved in the primary nitrate response pathway. However, it is much less understood how calcium signaling mediates nitrate sensing and responses from the extracellular space to cytoplasm, then to the nucleus. In this review, we describe how transceptor-channel complex (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein 15 interacting with nitrate transceptor, CNGC15-NRT1.1), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs, CBL1, CBL9), CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), phospholipase C (PLC) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs, also CPKs), acting as key players, complete a potential backbone of the nitrate-signaling pathway, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. NRT1.1 together with CBL1/9-CIPK23 and CBL-CIPK8 links the NO3- signaling to cytoplasmic and nuclear regulators and triggers downstream NO3- responses. PLCs and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) connect NO3- signaling and cytoplasmic Ca2+ signature. CPK10/30/32 fill the gap between NRT1.1 and NIN-like protein (NLP) transcription factors. The arabidopsis nitrate regulated1 (ANR1) is induced from the endosome by the Ca2+-CPKs-NLPs signaling pathway activated by the unphosphorylated form of NRT1.1 (NRT1.1 T101A) at high nitrate condition. Understanding how calcium signaling interconnects the upstream nitrate sensor complex with downstream multiple sensors of the nitrate-signaling pathway is key to completing the nutrient-growth regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxuan Li
- Fruit & Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
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26
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Borassi C, Sede AR, Mecchia MA, Mangano S, Marzol E, Denita-Juarez SP, Salgado Salter JD, Velasquez SM, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases PERK5 and PERK12 are involved in pollen tube growth. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2593-2607. [PMID: 34427925 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily known to be involved in many plant developmental processes. Here, we characterized two pollen-expressed PERKs from Arabidopsis thaliana, PERK5 and PERK12. Pollen tube growth was impaired in single and double perk5-1 perk12-1 loss of function mutants, with an impact on seed production. When the segregation was analysed, a male gametophytic defect was found, indicating that perk5-1 and perk12-1 mutants carry deficient pollen transmission. Furthermore, perk5-1 perk12-1 displayed an excessive accumulation of pectins and cellulose at the cell wall of the pollen tubes. Our results indicate that PERK5 and PERK12 are necessary for proper pollen tube growth, highlighting their role in cell wall assembly and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Sede
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín A Mecchia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina P Denita-Juarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan D Salgado Salter
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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27
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P2K1 Receptor, Heterotrimeric Gα Protein and CNGC2/4 Are Involved in Extracellular ATP-Promoted Ion Influx in the Pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081743. [PMID: 34451790 PMCID: PMC8400636 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an apoplastic signal, extracellular ATP (eATP) is involved in plant growth and development. eATP promotes tobacco pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube growth (PTG) by stimulating Ca2+ or K+ absorption. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying eATP-stimulated ion uptake and their role in PG and PTG are still unclear. Here, ATP addition was found to modulate PG and PTG in 34 plant species and showed a promoting effect in most of these species. Furthermore, by using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, the role of several signaling components involved in eATP-promoted ion (Ca2+, K+) uptake, PG, and PTG were investigated. ATP stimulated while apyrase inhibited PG and PTG. Patch-clamping results showed that ATP promoted K+ and Ca2+ influx into pollen protoplasts. In loss-of-function mutants of P2K1 (dorn1-1 and dorn1-3), heterotrimeric G protein α subunit (gpa1-1, gpa1-2), or cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel (cngc2, cngc4), eATP-stimulated PG, PTG, and ion influx were all impaired. Our results suggest that these signaling components may be involved in eATP-promoted PG and PTG by regulating Ca2+ or K+ influx in Arabidopsis pollen grains.
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28
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Kiyono H, Katano K, Suzuki N. Links between Regulatory Systems of ROS and Carbohydrates in Reproductive Development. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081652. [PMID: 34451697 PMCID: PMC8401158 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To thrive on the earth, highly sophisticated systems to finely control reproductive development have been evolved in plants. In addition, deciphering the mechanisms underlying the reproductive development has been considered as a main research avenue because it leads to the improvement of the crop yields to fulfill the huge demand of foods for the growing world population. Numerous studies revealed the significance of ROS regulatory systems and carbohydrate transports and metabolisms in the regulation of various processes of reproductive development. However, it is poorly understood how these mechanisms function together in reproductive tissues. In this review, we discuss mode of coordination and integration between ROS regulatory systems and carbohydrate transports and metabolisms underlying reproductive development based on the hitherto findings. We then propose three mechanisms as key players that integrate ROS and carbohydrate regulatory systems. These include ROS-dependent programmed cell death (PCD), mitochondrial and respiratory metabolisms as sources of ROS and energy, and functions of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). It is likely that these key mechanisms govern the various signals involved in the sequential events required for proper seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Kiyono
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; (H.K.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3238-3884
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29
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Althiab-Almasaud R, Chen Y, Maza E, Djari A, Frasse P, Mollet JC, Mazars C, Jamet E, Chervin C. Ethylene signaling modulates tomato pollen tube growth through modifications of cell wall remodeling and calcium gradient. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:893-908. [PMID: 34036648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene modulates plant developmental processes including flower development. Previous studies have suggested ethylene participates in pollen tube (PT) elongation, and both ethylene production and perception seem critical at the time of fertilization. The full gene set regulated by ethylene during PT growth is unknown. To study this, we used various EThylene Receptor (ETR) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants: etr3-ko, a loss-of-function (LOF) mutant; and NR (NEVER RIPE), a gain-of-function (GOF) mutant. The etr3-ko PTs grew faster than wild-type (WT) PTs. Oppositely, NR PT elongation was slower than in WT, and PTs displayed larger diameters. ETR mutations result in feedback control of ethylene production. Furthermore, ethylene treatment of germinating pollen grains increased PT length in etr-ko mutants and WT, but not in NR. Treatment with the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene decreased PT length in etr-ko mutants and WT, but had no effect on NR. This confirmed that ethylene regulates PT growth. The comparison of PT transcriptomes in LOF and GOF mutants, etr3-ko and NR, both harboring mutations of the ETR3 gene, revealed that ethylene perception has major impacts on cell wall- and calcium-related genes as confirmed by microscopic observations showing a modified distribution of the methylesterified homogalacturonan pectic motif and of calcium load. Our results establish links between PT growth, ethylene, calcium, and cell wall metabolism, and also constitute a transcriptomic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Althiab-Almasaud
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Elie Maza
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Anis Djari
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Pierre Frasse
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, SFR NORVEGE, Innovation Chimie Carnot, Normandie Univ, UniRouen, Rouen, France
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Christian Chervin
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP-ENSAT, INRAE, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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30
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Abstract
Our knowledge of plant ion channels was significantly enhanced by the first application of the patch-clamp technique to isolated guard cell protoplasts over 35 years ago. Since then, research has demonstrated the importance of ion channels in the control of gas exchange in guard cells, their role in nutrient uptake in roots, and the participation of calcium-permeable cation channels in the regulation of cell signaling affected by the intracellular concentrations of this second messenger. In recent years, through the employment of reverse genetics, mutant proteins, and heterologous expression systems, research on ion channels has identified mechanisms that modify their activity through protein-protein interactions or that result in activation and/or deactivation of ion channels through posttranslational modifications. Additional and confirmatory information on ion channel functioning has been derived from the crystallization and molecular modeling of plant proteins that, together with functional analyses, have helped to increase our knowledge of the functioning of these important membrane proteins that may eventually help to improve crop yield. Here, an update on the advances obtained in plant ion channel function during the last few years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México;
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31
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Wang X, Feng C, Tian L, Hou C, Tian W, Hu B, Zhang Q, Ren Z, Niu Q, Song J, Kong D, Liu L, He Y, Ma L, Chu C, Luan S, Li L. A transceptor-channel complex couples nitrate sensing to calcium signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:774-786. [PMID: 33601051 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-induced Ca2+ signaling is crucial for the primary nitrate response in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the generation of the nitrate-specific calcium signature remains unknown. We report here that a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) protein, CNGC15, and the nitrate transceptor (NRT1.1) constitute a molecular switch that controls calcium influx depending on nitrate levels. The expression of CNGC15 is induced by nitrate, and its protein is localized at the plasma membrane after establishment of young seedlings. We found that disruption of CNGC15 results in the loss of the nitrate-induced Ca2+ signature (primary nitrate response) and retards root growth, reminiscent of the phenotype observed in the nrt1.1 mutant. We further showed that CNGC15 is an active Ca2+-permeable channel that physically interacts with the NRT1.1 protein in the plasma membrane. Importantly, we discovered that CNGC15-NRT1.1 interaction silences the channel activity of the heterocomplex, which dissociates upon a rise in nitrate levels, leading to reactivation of the CNGC15 channel. The dynamic interactions between CNGC15 and NRT1.1 therefore control the channel activity and Ca2+ influx in a nitrate-dependent manner. Our study reveals a new nutrient-sensing mechanism that utilizes a nutrient transceptor-channel complex assembly to couple nutrient status to a specific Ca2+ signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changxin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - LiLi Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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32
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Yang H, You C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Yang F, Li X, Chen N, Luo Y, Hu X. The Role of Calcium/Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases Signal Pathway in Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633293. [PMID: 33767718 PMCID: PMC7985351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) growth as a key step for successful fertilization is essential for angiosperm survival and especially vital for grain yield in cereals. The process of PT growth is regulated by many complex and delicate signaling pathways. Among them, the calcium/calcium-dependent protein kinases (Ca2+/CPKs) signal pathway has become one research focus, as Ca2+ ion is a well-known essential signal molecule for PT growth, which can be instantly sensed and transduced by CPKs to control myriad biological processes. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the Ca2+/CPKs signal pathway governing PT growth. We also discuss how this pathway regulates PT growth and how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclic nucleotide are integrated by Ca2+ signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen You
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Iqbal Z, Iqbal MS, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Ansari MI. Plant Defense Responses to Biotic Stress and Its Interplay With Fluctuating Dark/Light Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631810. [PMID: 33763093 PMCID: PMC7982811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in attaining full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. One such environmental condition is the recurrent attack on plants by herbivores and microbial pathogens. To surmount such attacks, plants have developed a complex array of defense mechanisms. The defense mechanism can be either preformed, where toxic secondary metabolites are stored; or can be inducible, where defense is activated upon detection of an attack. Plants sense biotic stress conditions, activate the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, and eventually generate an appropriate response. Plant defense against pathogen attack is well understood, but the interplay and impact of different signals to generate defense responses against biotic stress still remain elusive. The impact of light and dark signals on biotic stress response is one such area to comprehend. Light and dark alterations not only regulate defense mechanisms impacting plant development and biochemistry but also bestow resistance against invading pathogens. The interaction between plant defense and dark/light environment activates a signaling cascade. This signaling cascade acts as a connecting link between perception of biotic stress, dark/light environment, and generation of an appropriate physiological or biochemical response. The present review highlights molecular responses arising from dark/light fluctuations vis-à-vis elicitation of defense mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jarratt-Barnham E, Wang L, Ning Y, Davies JM. The Complex Story of Plant Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020874. [PMID: 33467208 PMCID: PMC7830781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are tetrameric cation channels which may be activated by the cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs) adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes 20 CNGC subunits associated with aspects of development, stress response and immunity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that CNGC subunits form heterotetrameric complexes which behave differently from the homotetramers produced by their constituent subunits. These findings have widespread implications for future signalling research and may help explain how specificity can be achieved by CNGCs that are known to act in disparate pathways. Regulation of complex formation may involve cyclic nucleotide-gated channel-like proteins.
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35
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Yu CY, Zhang HK, Wang N, Gao XQ. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins mediate the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. PLANTA 2021; 253:19. [PMID: 33394122 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen germination on the stigma and pollen tube growth in pistil tissues are critical for sexual plant reproduction, which are involved in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are located on the external surface of the plasma membrane and function in various processes of sexual plant reproduction. The evidences suggest that GPI-APs participate in endosome machinery, Ca2+ oscillations, the development of the transmitting tract, the maintenance of the integrity of pollen tube, the enhancement of interactions of the receptor-like kinase (RLK) and ligand, and guidance of the growth of pollen tube, and so on. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the roles of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues during pollination, such as pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the transmitting tract, pollen tube guidance to the ovule, and pollen tube reception in the embryo sac. We will also discuss the future outlook of GPI-APs in the interactions between pollen/pollen tube and pistil tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yu Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huan Kai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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36
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Wang W, Zhang J, Ai L, Wu D, Li B, Zhang L, Zhao L. Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel 6 Mediates Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis Seedlings by Regulating Hydrogen Peroxide Production via Cytosolic Calcium Ions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708672. [PMID: 34335670 PMCID: PMC8317691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plant responses to heat shock (HS). To demonstrate their relationship with plant thermotolerance, we assessed the effect of HS on several groups of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings: wild-type, cngc6 mutant, and its complementation line. Under exposure to HS, the level of H2O2 was lower in the cngc6 mutant seedlings than in the wild-type (WT) seedlings but obviously increased in the complementation line. The treatment of Arabidopsis seeds with calcium ions (Ca2+) increased the H2O2 levels in the seedlings under HS treatment, whereas treatment with a Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) inhibited it, indicating that CNGC6 may stimulate the accumulation of H2O2 in a manner dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt). This point was verified by phenotypic observations and thermotolerance testing with transgenic plants overexpressing AtRbohB and AtRbohD (two genes involved in HS-responsive H2O2 production), respectively, in a cngc6 background. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting suggested that CNGC6 enhanced the gene transcription of HS factors (HSFs) and the accumulation of HS proteins (HSPs) via H2O2. These upon results indicate that H2O2 acts downstream of CNGC6 in the HS signaling pathway, increasing our understanding of the initiation of plants responses to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijuan Ai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Zhao, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-8130
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37
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Chen W, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Plasma membrane H + -ATPases-mediated cytosolic proton gradient regulates pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1817-1822. [PMID: 32520397 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The polar growth of pollen tubes is essential for the delivery of sperm cells during fertilization in angiosperms. How this polar growth is regulated has been a long-standing question. An in vitro pharmacological assay previously implicated proton flux in pollen tube growth, although genetic and cellular supporting evidence was lacking. Here, we report that protons form a gradient from the pollen tube tip to the shank region and this gradient is generated by three members of Arabidopsis H+ -ATPases (AHAs). Genetic analysis suggested that these AHAs are essential for pollen tube growth, thus providing new insight into the regulation of polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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38
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Dietrich P, Moeder W, Yoshioka K. Plant Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels: New Insights on Their Functions and Regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:27-38. [PMID: 32576644 PMCID: PMC7479878 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels give new insight into their molecular functions focusing on regulation, subunit assembly, and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dietrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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39
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Qian M, Xu L, Tang C, Zhang H, Gao H, Cao P, Yin H, Wu L, Wu J, Gu C, Zhang S. PbrPOE21 inhibits pear pollen tube growth in vitro by altering apical reactive oxygen species content. PLANTA 2020; 252:43. [PMID: 32870426 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, tissue-specific expression analysis and functional characterization of selected genes containing the pear Pollen Olea europaea I domain reveal their roles in pollen tube growth. Genes containing the Pollen Olea europaea I (POE) domain play crucial roles in diverse growth and developmental processes. Nevertheless, the specific functions of POE family members in progression of pollen tube growth (PTG) remain uncharacterized. We identified 45 PbrPOE genes in the pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) genome, clustered into seven subclasses. PbrPOE genes contained 1 to 11 exons and 0 to 10 introns, with exon/intron structure mostly conserved within each subclass. Whole-genome duplication has mainly contributed to the duplication pattern of PbrPOE genes in pear. Expression profiles of 45 PbrPOE genes in 12 different pear tissues revealed that six PbrPOE genes (PbrPOE6, 12, 21, 29, 35 and 41) of subclass B were highly expressed during the growth of the pear pollen tube in vitro. PbrPOE21 was selected for further functional analysis on the basis of its high and differential expression pattern in pollen. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide assays demonstrated that PTG was augmented in vitro when PbrPOE21 expression was significantly inhibited. Moreover, pollen tube length in vitro was reduced when PbrPOE21 was transitorily over-expressed using particle bombardment technology. Exogenous PbrPOE21 recombinant protein inhibited PTG in vitro at an optimum concentration of 1.8 µM. PbrPOE21 also affected reactive oxygen species content in the pear pollen tube apex. We suggest that PbrPOE21 inhibits PTG in vitro by altering apical reactive oxygen species content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Gu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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40
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Waadt R, Köster P, Andrés Z, Waadt C, Bradamante G, Lampou K, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Dual-Reporting Transcriptionally Linked Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators Resolve the Spatiotemporal Coordination of Cytosolic Abscisic Acid and Second Messenger Dynamics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2582-2601. [PMID: 32471862 PMCID: PMC7401017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering signal transduction processes is crucial for understanding how plants sense and respond to environmental changes. Various chemical compounds function as central messengers within deeply intertwined signaling networks. How such compounds act in concert remains to be elucidated. We have developed dual-reporting transcriptionally linked genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (2-in-1-GEFIs) for multiparametric in vivo analyses of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), Ca2+, protons (H+), chloride (anions), the glutathione redox potential, and H2O2 Simultaneous analyses of two signaling compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots revealed that ABA treatment and uptake did not trigger rapid cytosolic Ca2+ or H+ dynamics. Glutamate, ATP, Arabidopsis PLANT ELICITOR PEPTIDE, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) treatments induced rapid spatiotemporally overlapping cytosolic Ca2+, H+, and anion dynamics, but except for GSSG, only weakly affected the cytosolic redox state. Overall, 2-in-1-GEFIs enable complementary, high-resolution in vivo analyses of signaling compound dynamics and facilitate an advanced understanding of the spatiotemporal coordination of signal transduction processes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Köster
- Molekulare Genetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Bradamante
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Lampou
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Molekulare Genetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Shao Q, Gao Q, Lhamo D, Zhang H, Luan S. Two glutamate- and pH-regulated Ca 2+ channels are required for systemic wound signaling in Arabidopsis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/640/eaba1453. [PMID: 32665412 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plants defend against herbivores and nematodes by rapidly sending signals from the wounded sites to the whole plant. We investigated how plants generate and transduce these rapidly moving, long-distance signals referred to as systemic wound signals. We developed a system for measuring systemic responses to root wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana We found that root wounding or the application of glutamate to wounded roots was sufficient to trigger root-to-shoot Ca2+ waves and slow wave potentials (SWPs). Both of these systemic signals were inhibited by either disruption of both GLR3.3 and GLR3.6, which encode glutamate receptor-like proteins (GLRs), or constitutive activation of the P-type H+-ATPase AHA1. We further showed that GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 displayed Ca2+-permeable channel activities gated by both glutamate and extracellular pH. Together, these results support the hypothesis that wounding inhibits P-type H+-ATPase activity, leading to apoplastic alkalization. This, together with glutamate released from damaged phloem, activates GLRs, resulting in depolarization of membranes in the form of SWPs and the generation of cytosolic Ca2+ increases to propagate systemic wound signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Shao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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42
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Tian W, Wang C, Gao Q, Li L, Luan S. Calcium spikes, waves and oscillations in plant development and biotic interactions. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:750-759. [PMID: 32601423 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity. Extensive research has established a two-step process (encoding and decoding) that governs the specificity of Ca2+ signals. While the encoding mechanism entails a complex array of channels and transporters, the decoding process features a number of Ca2+ sensors and effectors that convert Ca2+ signals into cellular effects. Along this general paradigm, some signalling components may be highly conserved, but others are divergent among different organisms. In plant cells, Ca2+ participates in numerous signalling processes, and here we focus on the latest discoveries on Ca2+-encoding mechanisms in development and biotic interactions. In particular, we use examples such as polarized cell growth of pollen tube and root hair in which tip-focused Ca2+ oscillations specify the signalling events for rapid cell elongation. In plant-microbe interactions, Ca2+ spiking and oscillations hold the key to signalling specificity: while pathogens elicit cytoplasmic spiking, symbiotic microorganisms trigger nuclear Ca2+ oscillations. Herbivore attacks or mechanical wounding can trigger Ca2+ waves traveling a long distance to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defence program in the whole plant. What channels and transporters work together to carve out the spatial and temporal patterns of the Ca2+ fluctuations? This question has remained enigmatic for decades until recent studies uncovered Ca2+ channels that orchestrate specific Ca2+ signatures in each of these processes. Future work will further expand the toolkit for Ca2+-encoding mechanisms and place Ca2+ signalling steps into larger signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Legong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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43
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Wong A, Donaldson L, Portes MT, Eppinger J, Feijó JA, Gehring C. Arabidopsis DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE4 is involved in nitric oxide-dependent pollen tube guidance and fertilization. Development 2020; 147:dev.183715. [PMID: 32220864 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule that regulates diverse biological processes in both animals and plants, including important roles in male gamete physiology. In plants, NO is generated in pollen tubes (PTs) and affects intracellular responses through the modulation of Ca2+ signaling, actin organization, vesicle trafficking and cell wall deposition, bearing consequences in pollen-stigma interactions and PT guidance. In contrast, the NO-responsive proteins that mediate these responses remain elusive. Here, we show that PTs of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in the pollen-specific DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE4 (DGK4) grow slower and become partially insensitive to NO-dependent growth inhibition and re-orientation responses. Recombinant DGK4 protein yields NO-responsive spectral and catalytic changes in vitro that are compatible with a role in NO perception and signaling in PTs. In addition to the expected phosphatidic acid-producing kinase activity, DGK4 recombinant protein also revealed guanylyl cyclase activity, as inferred by sequence analysis. Our results are compatible with a role for the fast-diffusible NO gas in signaling and cell-cell communication via the modulation of DGK4 activity during the progamic phase of angiosperm reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China.,Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lara Donaldson
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Maria Teresa Portes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-5815, USA
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Organometallic Catalysis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-5815, USA
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Harris BJ, Harrison CJ, Hetherington AM, Williams TA. Phylogenomic Evidence for the Monophyly of Bryophytes and the Reductive Evolution of Stomata. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2001-2012.e2. [PMID: 32302587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The origin of land plants was accompanied by new adaptations to life on land, including the evolution of stomata-pores on the surface of plants that regulate gas exchange. The genes that underpin the development and function of stomata have been extensively studied in model angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis. However, little is known about stomata in bryophytes, and their evolutionary origins and ancestral function remain poorly understood. Here, we resolve the position of bryophytes in the land plant tree and investigate the evolutionary origins of genes that specify stomatal development and function. Our analyses recover bryophyte monophyly and demonstrate that the guard cell toolkit is more ancient than has been appreciated previously. We show that a range of core guard cell genes, including SPCH/MUTE, SMF, and FAMA, map back to the common ancestor of embryophytes or even earlier. These analyses suggest that the first embryophytes possessed stomata that were more sophisticated than previously envisioned and that the stomata of bryophytes have undergone reductive evolution, including their complete loss from liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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46
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Genome-wide identification of CNGC genes in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and ZjCNGC2 mediated signalling cascades in response to cold stress. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:191. [PMID: 32122304 PMCID: PMC7053155 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play multifaceted roles in plant physiological processes, especially with respect to signalling processes, plant development, and responses to environmental stresses. However, little information is known about the CNGC family in the large cosmopolitan family Rhamnaceae, which has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. RESULTS In the current study, a total of 15 ZjCNGCs which located on 7 chromosomes were firstly identified in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), the most important species of Rhamnaceae in terms of economic and ecological values. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these ZjCNGCs could be classified into four groups, ZjCNGC12 belonged to group IVA, and ZjCNGC13, 14, 15 belonged to group IVB. In addition, the paralogous and orthologous homology duplication of ZjCNGC15 occurred during the evolutionary process. The characteristics of ZjCNGCs regarding to exon-intron numbers and post-translational modifications showed diversified structures and functions. Motif composition and protein sequence analysis revealed that the phosphate-binding cassette and hinge regions were conserved among ZjCNGCs. Prediction of the cis-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles by real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that some of the ZjCNGCs responded to environmental changes, especially ZjCNGC2, which was significantly downregulated in response to cold stress, and ZjCNGC4 was highly induced in response to cold, salt and alkaline stresses. ZjCNGC13 and 14 were highly induced in the phytoplasma-resistant cultivar and downregulated in the susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, ZjCNGC2 could be regulated by cAMP treatment, microtubule changes and interact with ZjMAPKK4, which suggested that cAMP and microtubule might play important roles in ZjCNGC2 mediated ZjMAPKK4 signalling transduction involved in cold stress. CONCLUSIONS The identification and classification analysis of ZjCNGCs were firstly reported, and some key individual ZjCNGCs might play essential roles in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, especially ZjCNGC2 mediated ZjMAPKK4 signalling transduction involved in cold stress. This systematic analysis could provide important information for further functional characterization of ZjCNGCs with the aim of breeding stress-resistant cultivars.
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Meng JG, Liang L, Jia PF, Wang YC, Li HJ, Yang WC. Integration of ovular signals and exocytosis of a Ca 2+ channel by MLOs in pollen tube guidance. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:143-153. [PMID: 32055051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane in response to extracellular signals is critical for development, stress response and reproduction, but is poorly understood. During flowering-plant reproduction, pollen tubes grow directionally to the ovule, which is guided by ovule-derived signals and dependent on Ca2+ dynamics. However, it is unknown how ovular signals are integrated with cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in the pollen tube. Here, we show that MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 5 (MLO5), MLO9 and MLO15 are required for pollen tube responses to ovular signals in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypically distinct from the ovule-bypass phenotype of previously identified mutants, mlo5 mlo9 double-mutant and mlo5 mlo9 mlo15 triple-mutant pollen tubes twist and pile up after sensing the ovular cues. Molecular studies reveal that MLO5 and MLO9 selectively recruit Ca2+ channel CNGC18-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane through the R-SNARE proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 in trans mode. This study identifies members of the conserved seven transmembrane MLO family (expressed in the pollen tube) as tethering factors for Ca2+ channels, reveals a novel mechanism of molecular integration of extracellular ovular cues and selective exocytosis, and sheds light on the general regulation of MLO proteins in cell responses to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Collage of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Zhang A, Fei CF, Gu LL, Sun SJ, Xu W, Wang L, Liu H, Wang YF. Three CNGC Family Members, CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9, Are Required for Constitutive Growth of Arabidopsis Root Hairs as Ca 2+-Permeable Channels. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 33404548 PMCID: PMC7748020 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genetic identities of Ca2+ channels in root hair (RH) tips essential for constitutive RH growth have remained elusive for decades. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family members, CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9, as Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis. We found that the cngc5-1cngc6-2cngc9-1 triple mutant (designated shrh1) showed significantly shorter and branching RH phenotypes as compared with the wild type. The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp data in HEK293T cells showed that these three CNGCs all function as Ca2+-permeable channels. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging in growing RHs further showed that the Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in RH tips were dramatically attenuated in shrh1 compared with those in the wild type. Phenotypic analysis revealed that these three CNGCs are Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth, with different roles in RHs from the conditional player CNGC14. Moreover, we found that these three CNGCs are involved in auxin signaling in RHs. Taken together, our study identified CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9 as three key Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cui-Fang Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Li Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Jing Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
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Niu WT, Han XW, Wei SS, Shang ZL, Wang J, Yang DW, Fan X, Gao F, Zheng SZ, Bai JT, Zhang B, Wang ZX, Li B. Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 6 is negatively modulated by multiple calmodulin isoforms during heat shock. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:90-104. [PMID: 31587070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An increased concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ is an early response of plant cells to heat shock. Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) mediates heat-induced Ca2+ influx and is activated by cAMP. However, it remains unclear how the Ca2+ conductivity of CNGC6 is negatively regulated under the elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. In this study, Arabidopsis calmodulin isoforms CaM1/4, CaM2/3/5, CaM6, and CaM7 were found to bind to CNGC6 to varying degrees, and this binding was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and IQ6, an atypical isoleucine-glutamine motif in CNGC6. Knockout of CaM2, CaM3, CaM5, and CaM7 genes led to a marked increase in plasma membrane inward Ca2+ current under heat shock conditions; however, knockout of CaM1, CaM4, and CaM6 genes had no significant effect on plasma membrane Ca2+ current. Moreover, the deletion of IQ6 from CNGC6 led to a marked increase in plasma membrane Ca2+ current under heat shock conditions. Taken together, the data suggest that CNGC6-mediated Ca2+ influx is likely to be negatively regulated by CaM2/3/5 and CaM7 isoforms under heat shock conditions, and that IQ6 plays an important role in CaM binding and the feedback regulation of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Niu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Shang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - De-Wei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jiao-Teng Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Zhang MJ, Zhang XS, Gao XQ. ROS in the Male-Female Interactions During Pollination: Function and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32180782 PMCID: PMC7059789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The male-female interactions in pollination mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth and fertilization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from both male and female tissues play regulatory roles for the communication between the pollen/pollen tube and female tissues at various stages, such as pollen hydration and germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth in the pistil and pollen tube reception in the female gametophyte. In this minireview, we primarily summarize the recent progress on the roles of ROS signaling in male-female interactions during pollination and discuss several ROS-regulated downstream signaling pathways for these interactions. Furthermore, several ROS-involved downstream pathways are outlined, such as Ca2+ signaling, cell wall cytomechanics, the redox modification of CRP, and cell PCD. At the end, we address the roles of ROS in pollen tube guidance and fertilization as future questions that merit study.
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