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Zurak D, Svečnjak Z, Kiš G, Janječić Z, Bedeković D, Duvnjak M, Pirgozliev V, Grbeša D, Kljak K. Carotenoid deposition in yolks of laying hens fed with corn diets differing in grain hardness and supplemented with rapeseed oil and emulsifier. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103922. [PMID: 38908122 PMCID: PMC11246041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing diets consisting of two dent corn hybrids (soft- and hard-type) with different amounts of rapeseed oil (2, 3, and 4%) and with (0.05%) or without emulsifier (Lysoforte Extended, Kemin) on the content and deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk. The feeding trial was conducted with 216 Lohmann Brown laying hens which were by 3 located in 72 cages. The cages were randomly assigned to 12 dietary treatments (2 hybrids × 3 rapeseed oil levels × 2 emulsifier levels), resulting in 6 cages (replicates) per each dietary treatment. After depletion, hens were fed treatment diets without added pigment for 7 wk. After stabilization of the carotenoid profile (lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene and total carotenoids), eggs were collected once a week until the end of the experiment and deposition efficiency was calculated based on carotenoid content in yolk and diets, yolk weight, egg production and diet intake. Corn hybrid and rapeseed oil affected (P < 0.05) the yolk content and deposition efficiency of most carotenoids. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.05) hybrid × rapeseed oil level interaction for all carotenoids indicated hybrid-specific responses to rapeseed oil supplementation. In the soft-type hybrid, the addition of 3% rapeseed oil enhanced the carotenoid content compared to 2% of rapeseed oil, whereas for the hard-type hybrid, 2 and 3% of rapeseed oil resulted in similar contents. Supplementation of 4% rapeseed oil reduced the content regardless of the hybrid. Emulsifier addition positively affected (P < 0.05) the deposition efficiency of all carotenoids except β-carotene. In conclusion, supplementing corn diets with rapeseed oil and emulsifier affected carotenoid utilization and these responses varied in hybrids differing in grain hardness, which should be considered when using corn as the sole source of carotenoids in hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Goran Kiš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Marija Duvnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Zurak D, Svečnjak Z, Gunjević V, Kiš G, Janječić Z, Pirgozliev V, Grbeša D, Kljak K. Carotenoid content and deposition efficiency in yolks of laying hens fed with dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness and processing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103750. [PMID: 38652952 PMCID: PMC11063521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yolk carotenoid profile reflects the hen diet when corn grain is the only source of carotenoids, but corn origin and processing may affect carotenoid utilization. In the present study, 2 commercial dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness (soft- and hard-type) were dried at low (40°C) and high (85°C) temperature and ground through a 5- and 9-mm sieve to investigate their effects on carotenoid bioavailability in laying hens. With 3 hens per cage, 168 Lohmann Brown laying hens were allocated to 8 dietary treatments (2 hybrids × 2 drying temperatures × 2 grinding sieves) in a completely randomized design (8 treatments × 7 cages). The trial lasted 8 wk, during which eggs were collected for analysis every 3 d until carotenoid content stabilized, and then once a week until the end of the experiment. The carotenoid profile of the experimental diets and yolks was analyzed using an HPLC method and deposition efficiency was calculated based on carotenoid contents, yolk weight, egg production and diet intake. The deposition efficiency for lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene averaged 27.37, 18.67, 6.29, 3,32, and 0.94%, respectively. As expected, the tested hybrids highly affected the carotenoid content in egg yolk due to their differences in carotenoid profile. Interestingly, hard- and soft-type hybrids differed in the deposition efficiency for all individual carotenoids but not for the total carotenoids. High grain drying temperature tended to increase the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin in both hybrids. For the hard-type hybrid, the content of β-carotene in egg yolk was higher when grains were dried at a high temperature, while the opposite response was found in the soft-type hybrid. The effect of grinding sieve size was important for the zeaxanthin bioavailability in the soft-type hybrid only. In conclusion, our findings showed that corn hybrid had a primary influence on the carotenoid content in the yolks of laying hens, but grain processing may change the bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Kiš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Dansou DM, Chen H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Tchana IN, Zhao L, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103286. [PMID: 38100949 PMCID: PMC10762472 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in preventing fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in aged laying hens. Five groups of laying hens (65 wk old) were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg of lutein. The supplementation period lasted 12 wk followed by 2 wk of lutein depletion in feed. The results revealed that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolks and improved their color with a significant increase in relative redness (P < 0.001). Lutein accumulation increased in the egg yolk until day 10, then depletion reached a minimum level after 14 d. Overall, zeaxanthin content in all the groups was similar throughout the experimental period. However, triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in the liver (P < 0.05) but not significantly different in the serum (P > 0.05). In the serum, the lipid metabolism enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 was not significantly different (P > 0.05), and there was no statistical difference of either enzyme in the liver (P > 0.05). Regarding oxidation and inflammation-related indexes, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factors alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta were decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity increased in the liver (P < 0.001). The function of lutein for the same indexes in serum was limited. It was concluded that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolk of old laying hens to improve their color and reached the highest level on day 10 without being subject to a significant conversion into zeaxanthin. At the same time, lutein prevented liver steatosis in aged laying hens by exerting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, but also through the modulation of lipid metabolism, which may contribute to reducing the incidence of FLHS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Isabelle N Tchana
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wei Y, Qin K, Qin X, Song F, Xu X. Effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on pigmentation of yellow-feathered chickens. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1853-1859. [PMID: 37402457 PMCID: PMC10623028 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on the growth performance, skin color, and carcass pigmentation. METHODS A total of 192 healthy 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers weighing an average of 1,279±81 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 8 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: i) CON group, fed with basal diet; ii) LTN group, supplemented with lutein; iii) MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigment including dehydrated lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-cryptoxanthin; iv) LTN+MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigment in proportion to 1:1. The supplementary content of LTN, MDP, and LTN+MDP was 2 g/kg. Skin color was measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of feeding the dietary treatments. The breast, thigh, and abdominal fat of slaughtered chickens were stored in cold storage at 4°C for 24 hours and then the meat color of lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values was determined. RESULTS The results showed that all treatments enhanced the yellow scores of subwing skin on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05), and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment promoted the yellow scores of shanks on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05). The mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment increased the yellow scores of beaks and all treatments enhanced the yellow of shanks on day 28 (p<0.05). In addition, all treatments improved the yellow (b*) values of breast and thigh muscle, moreover, the monohydroxyl pigment and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment enhanced the values of redness (a*) and yellow (b*) of abdominal fat (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold significantly increased the yellow scores of skin color and the yellow (b*) values of carcass pigmentation. Especially, the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment was more efficient on skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Wuhan Polytechnic University), School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,
China
| | - Kun Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Wuhan Polytechnic University), School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,
China
| | - Xu Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Wuhan Polytechnic University), School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,
China
| | - Fulong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Wuhan Polytechnic University), School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,
China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Wuhan Polytechnic University), School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023,
China
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Dansou DM, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:315-333. [PMID: 37635928 PMCID: PMC10448277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens' diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M. Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Puvača N, Laudadio V, Mazzei D, Seidavi A, Ayasan T, Tufarelli V. Pros and Cons of Dietary Vitamin A and Its Precursors in Poultry Health and Production: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051131. [PMID: 37237998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained through diet. Despite being one of the earliest vitamins identified, a complete range of biological actions is still unknown. Carotenoids are a category of roughly 600 chemicals that are structurally related to vitamin A. Vitamin A can be present in the body in the form of retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Vitamins are required in minute amounts, yet they are critical for health, maintenance, and performing key biological functions in the body, such as growth, embryo development, epithelial cell differentiation, and immune function. Vitamin A deficiency induces a variety of problems, including lack of appetite, decreased development and immunity, and susceptibility to many diseases. Dietary preformed vitamin A, provitamin A, and several classes of carotenoids can be used to meet vitamin A requirements. The aim of this review is to compile the available scientific literature regarding the sources and important functions, such as growth, immunity, antioxidant, and other biological activities of vitamin A in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 59000, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy in Novi, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Mazzei
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Crupi P, Faienza MF, Naeem MY, Corbo F, Clodoveo ML, Muraglia M. Overview of the Potential Beneficial Effects of Carotenoids on Consumer Health and Well-Being. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051069. [PMID: 37237935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-known experimental research demonstrates that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. A high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species leads to damage of proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with susceptibility to chronic human degenerative disorders. Biological and pharmaceutical investigations have recently focused on exploring both oxidative stress and its defense mechanisms to manage health disorders. Therefore, in recent years there has been considerable interest in bioactive food plant compounds as naturally occurring antioxidant sources able to prevent, reverse, and/or reduce susceptibility to chronic disease. To contribute to this research aim, herein, we reviewed the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health. Carotenoids are bioactive compounds widely existing in natural fruits and vegetables. Increasing research has confirmed that carotenoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper presents an overview of the latest research progress on the biochemistry and preventative and therapeutic benefits of carotenoids, particularly lycopene, in promoting human health. This review could be a starting point for improving the research and investigation of carotenoids as possible ingredients of functional health foods and nutraceuticals in the fields of healthy products, cosmetics, medicine, and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Muhammad Yasir Naeem
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
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Sources, dynamics in vivo, and application of astaxanthin and lutein in laying hens: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:324-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Alig BN, Malheiros RD, Anderson KE. Evaluation of Physical Egg Quality Parameters of Commercial Brown Laying Hens Housed in Five Production Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040716. [PMID: 36830504 PMCID: PMC9951926 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of housing environment on the egg quality characteristics of brown egg layers as many different environments are currently used in the industry. Battery cages, barren colony cages, enriched colony cages, cage-free, and free-range environments were evaluated. Overall, all egg quality measurements were affected by housing environment (p < 0.01) except for vitelline membrane strength, elasticity, and egg solids. Eggshells and yolks were lightest in barren colony cages and darkest from free-range hens (p < 0.0001). Free-range eggs were heavier than eggs from all other environments (p < 0.0001). Cage-free eggs had lower albumen height and Haugh units than other environments (p < 0.0001). Lastly, cage-free and free-range eggs had stronger eggshells than the other environments (p < 0.0001), and free-range eggs had more elastic eggshells than eggs from conventional battery cages and barren colony cages (p < 0.01). Access to the range seemed to give free-range hens different nutritional advantages, which allowed for the darker yolks and shells. Furthermore, eggs from barren colony cages seemed to exhibit more negative characteristics. Simply adding enrichments to colony cages did not improve or detract from egg quality. From this research, it appears that, as the industry moves toward extensive environments, the egg quality of brown egg layers will improve.
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Abeyrathne EDNS, Nam KC, Huang X, Ahn DU. Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1243-1256. [PMID: 35992319 PMCID: PMC9385935 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edirisingha Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000 Sri Lanka
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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11
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Egg yolk colour in organic production as affected by feeding - Consequences for farmers and consumers. Food Chem 2022; 382:131854. [PMID: 35248403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In organic table egg production, saponified extracts of carotenoids are not allowed to intensify egg yolk colour. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of organically produced marigold flower meal (Tagetes erectus, TE) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea, SO) as carotenoid sources (mixture of 25% TE and 75% SO) to reach values of 9-10 'Roche Yolk Colour Fan' units (RYCF units). Feeding a completely unsupplemented control diet resulted in a yolk colour of 4.7 RYCF units, a total supply of 11.1 g/kg, 14.6 g/kg and 17.5 g/kg of TE and SO as stand-alone carotenoid sources induced a significant increase to 8.0, 8.2 and 8.9 RYCF units. Under 'winter-feeding conditions', i.e. minimal carotenoid supply in the diet, 17.5 g/kg TE and SO resulted in 9.3 ± 0.7 RYCF units. It can be concluded that supplementing TE and SO is suitable to improve the yolk colour in organically produced table eggs.
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Liu C, Liu H, Zhu X, Han D, Jin J, Yang Y, Xie S. The Effects of Dietary Arthrospira platensis on Oxidative Stress Response and Pigmentation in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061100. [PMID: 35739996 PMCID: PMC9219713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, fish are often exposed to several stress conditions, which will cause oxidative disorder and bring about health and quality problems. Arthrospira platensis contains abundant bioactive ingredients, which are beneficial for animal health. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of A. platensis on pigmentation, antioxidant capacity, and stress response after air exposure of fish. A total of 120 yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (initial weight 70.19 ± 0.13 g) were divided into three tanks per treatment and fed diets supplemented with 0 g kg−1 A. platensis (CON) and 20 g kg −1 A. platensis (AP) for 65 days. The results indicated that dietary A. platensis had no effects on the growth of yellow catfish. The AP diet significantly reduced lactic acid (LD) and cortisol levels stimulated by air exposure stress (p < 0.05). Dietary A. platensis significantly increased plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the relative expression levels of sod and cat, to protect against oxidative stress caused by air exposure (p < 0.05). The AP diet significantly improved the relative expression level of nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2), while the relative expression level of keap1 (kelch-like ECH associated protein 1) was downregulated, and the protein levels of liver Nrf2 were significantly increased after air exposure stimuli (p < 0.05). Dietary A. platensis significantly increased skin lutein contents, increased skin redness, yellowness and chroma (p < 0.05), and improved body color abnormalities after oxidative stress caused by air exposure stimuli. Skin yellowness was associated with lutein contents and the expression levels of some antioxidant genes to varying degrees. Overall, dietary A. platensis could be utilized as a feed additive to activate the antioxidant response, as well as alleviate oxidative stress and pigmentation disorder induced by air exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-276-878-0060
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (C.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
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13
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Tomato pomace waste as safe feed additive for poultry health and production – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tomato cultivation and industrial processing produce a considerable amount of tomato pomace, peels, and seeds, which are difficult to handle. These by-products contain a variety of minerals and bioactive substances, and may thus be further valorized, generating additional revenue for processing plants while also decreasing environmental issues caused by their buildup. The inclusion of tomato pomace in poultry feed has been shown to produce promising effects in poultry growth and health, however the results are largely inconsistent. Literature has documented improvement in growth, egg production and quality, immunological and antioxidant effects in poultry. This review has complied the impacts of tomato pomace on the growth and health indices of poultry.
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14
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Reda FM, Madkour M, El-Azeem NA, Aboelazab O, Ahmed SYA, Alagawany M. Tomato pomace as a nontraditional feedstuff: productive and reproductive performance, digestive enzymes, blood metabolites, and the deposition of carotenoids into egg yolk in quail breeders. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101730. [PMID: 35176706 PMCID: PMC8857486 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of tomato pomace (TP) into Japanese quail breeders' diet by investigating its effects on digestive enzymes, immune response, antioxidant status, blood biomarkers, productive performance, and the deposition of carotenoids into the egg yolk. A total of 150 mature 8-wk of age Japanese quails (100 females and 50 males) were allocated into 5 treatment groups, with 5 replicates, each of 6 quails (4 females and 2 males). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous, based on corn and soybean meal, and included 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% of tomato pomace, respectively. The results showed that dietary supplementation of tomato pomace up to 12% significantly improved the immune response, antioxidant response, and digestive enzymes of Japanese quail breeders, significantly decreased cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Also, TP increased egg weight, egg mass and hatchability , where TP 6% had the greatest egg weight, egg mass and hatchability among other groups. Moreover, tomato pomace inclusion significantly had a positive effect on the deposition of lycopene into the egg yolk and it can be used as a good delivery system to improve human health. Tomato pomace up to 12% could be used as an alternative feedstuff in quail breeders' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayiz M Reda
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Osama Aboelazab
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Sarah Y A Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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15
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Gao Z, Zhang J, Li F, Zheng J, Xu G. Effect of Oils in Feed on the Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3482. [PMID: 34944258 PMCID: PMC8698086 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of a large-scale and intensive production industry, the number of laying hens in China is rapidly increasing. Oils, as an important source of essential fatty acids, can be added to the diet to effectively improve the production performance and absorption of other nutrients. The present review discusses the practical application of different types and qualities of oils in poultry diets and studies the critical effects of these oils on production performance, such as the egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and various egg quality parameters, including the albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color, and saturated/unsaturated fatty acids. This article reviews the effects of different dietary oil sources on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens and their potential functional mechanisms and provides a reference for the selection of different sources of oils to include in the diet with the aim of improving egg production. This review thus provides a reference for the application of oils to the diets of laying hens. Future studies are needed to determine how poultry products can be produced with the appropriate proper oils in the diet and without negative effects on production performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fuwei Li
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.G.); (J.Z.)
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16
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Commercial Corn Hybrids as a Single Source of Dietary Carotenoids: Effect on Egg Yolk Carotenoid Profile and Pigmentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercial high-yielding corn hybrids have not been evaluated for their ability to pigment egg yolk. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of commercial hybrids with different carotenoid profiles as the only source of pigments in the diets of hens on yolk color and carotenoid content, as well as the carotenoid deposition efficiency into the yolk. Treatment diets, differing only in one of five corn hybrids, were offered in a completely randomized design in six cages per treatment, each with three hens. Treatment diets and yolks differed in carotenoid profile (contents of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene, p < 0.001), with total carotenoid contents ranging from 17.13–13.45 µg/g in diet and 25.99–21.97 µg/g in yolk. The treatments differed (p < 0.001) in yolk color, which was determined by yolk color fan (10.8–9.83) and CIE Lab (redness; range 12.47–10.05). The highest yolk color intensity was achieved by a diet with the highest content of zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The deposition efficiency of lutein and zeaxanthin (25.52 and 26.05%, respectively) was higher than that of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene (8.30 and 5.65%, respectively), and the deposition efficiency of all carotenoids decreased with increasing dietary content. Commercial corn hybrids provided adequate yolk color and could be the only source of carotenoids in the diets of hens, which could reduce the cost of egg production and increase farmers’ income.
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17
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Struţi DI, Bunea A, Pop IM, Păpuc TA, Mierliţă DP. The Influence of Dehulling on the Nutritional Quality of Lupine Seeds ( Lupinus albus L.) and the Effect of Their Use in the Feed of Laying Quails on the Live Performance and Quality of Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102898. [PMID: 34679919 PMCID: PMC8532875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupinus albus seeds from low-alkaloid varieties are a valuable alternative source of protein for reducing the dependence on soybean meal for the feeding of monogastric animals. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the dehulling influence of lupine seeds (L. albus, cv. Amiga) and the effect of their use in the laying quails feed on live performance and egg quality. A total of 200 laying quails (Coturnix japonica), with an age of 10 weeks, were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (five replicates/group). Each group was randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: the control group (C) diet was based on soybean meal, while the experimental groups received either 200 g/kg (WLS20) or 250 g/kg (WLS25) of whole lupine seeds in their diets, or 200 g/kg (DLS20) or 250 g/kg (DLS25) of dehulled lupine seeds in their diets. The results show that by dehulling the lupine seeds, the nutritional value of the seeds increased. The use of dehulled lupine seeds in the diet of laying quails did not affect the live performance (egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio), yolk cholesterol content, and physico-chemical quality indices of the eggs, compared with control. The presence of dehulled lupine seeds in the diet improved the nutritional quality of the yolk lipids because of the increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the lipid quality indices of the yolk became more favorable to consumer health because of an increase in the h/H ratio (hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic FA) and a decrease in the atherogenic index and thrombogenic index values. The higher content in carotenoids also contributed to the higher nutritional quality of the eggs obtained by lupine utilization. In conclusion, dehulling of lupine seeds had a positive influence on the nutritional quality of the seeds, the live performance of quails, and the quality of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dănuţ Ioan Struţi
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.I.S.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Andrea Bunea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan Mircea Pop
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tudor Andrei Păpuc
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniel Pantea Mierliţă
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University Str., 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.I.S.); (D.P.M.)
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18
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Honda M, Kawashima Y, Hirasawa K, Uemura T, Sun J, Hayashi Y. Astaxanthin Z-isomer-rich diets enhance egg yolk pigmentation in laying hens compared to that in all-E-isomer-rich diets. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13512. [PMID: 33522058 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of feeding diets containing astaxanthin with different Z-isomer ratios to laying hens on egg qualities, such as astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk and yolk color, were investigated. As the astaxanthin source, a natural microorganism Paracoccus carotinifaciens was used. Astaxanthin with different Z-isomer ratios was prepared by thermal treatment with different conditions and then added to the basal diet at a final astaxanthin concentration of 8 mg/kg. We found that, as the Z-isomer ratios of astaxanthin in the diet increased, the astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk and the yolk color fan score also increased significantly. Importantly, feeding a 50.6% Z-isomer ratio diet increased astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk by approximately fivefold and the color fan score by approximately 2 compared to that in hens fed an all-E-isomer-rich diet. Moreover, we showed that feeding Z-isomer-rich astaxanthin to laying hens increased plasma astaxanthin concentration by more than five times in comparison to that in hens fed an all-E-isomer-rich diet. These results indicate that Z-isomers of astaxanthin have higher bioavailability than that of the all-E-isomer and thus they exhibit greater egg yolk-accumulation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Uemura
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jinkun Sun
- Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hayashi
- Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Kasugai, Japan
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19
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Coutinho JOPA, Quintanilha MF, Campos MRA, Ferreira E, de Menezes GCA, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Nicoli JR, Tiago FCP, Martins FS. Antarctic Strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 Attenuates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:486-500. [PMID: 34255281 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most strenuous side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), during the treatment of several types of cancers. The disease is so prevalent and aggressive that many patients cannot resist such symptoms. However, despite its frequency and clinical significance, there is no effective treatment to prevent or treat mucositis. Thus, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant for the treatment has gained prominence. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral administration of the Antarctic strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 as an alternative to minimize side effects of 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. Body weight, food consumption, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces were assessed daily in mice orally treated or not with the yeast and submitted or not to experimental mucositis. Blood, bones, and intestinal tissues and fluid were used to determine intestinal permeability and immunological, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 was able to decrease clinical signs of the disease, such as reduction of food intake and body weight loss, and also decreased the number of intestinal enterobacteria and intestinal length shortening. Additionally, treatment was able to decrease the levels of MPO and EPO activities and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the histopathological lesions characteristic of mucositis in the jejunum and ileum. Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O P A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graciéle C A de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Tiago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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20
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Comparison of total polyphenols, profile anthocyanins, color analysis, carotenoids and tocols in pigmented maize. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Lv H, Tang Y, Zhang H, Li S, Fan Z. Astragalus polysaccharide supplementation improves production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical index and gut microbiota in Chongren hens. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13550. [PMID: 33899985 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine whether the astragalus polysaccharide (AP) can improve the production performance and gut microbiota in Chongren hens.120 Chongren hens (240-d old) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 30 hens and fed with a control basal diet (CON) or CON supplemented with the different levels of AP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 56 d. The egg production and feed conversion ratio were decreased (p < .05) with the levels of AP. The yolk weight, yolk color, eggshell thickness, eggshell redness index and egg shell yellowness were increased (p < .05). AP supplementation increased CAT and T-AOC and SOD, and decreased MDA (p < .05). Supplementation of AP decreased IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (p < .05), but increased the IL-4 level in the liver (p < .05). The villus heights of duodenum, jejunum ileum, the crypt depth and V/C in the jejunum were increased (p < .05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg AP increased (P relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacteriaceae in the cecum of Chongren hens. In conclusion, addition of AP improved the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology in hens, which might be associated with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
| | - Siming Li
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Center for Poultry Safety Production Engineering, Changsha, China
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22
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Muhammad AI, Mohamed DAA, Chwen LT, Akit H, Samsudin AA. Effect of Sodium Selenite, Selenium Yeast, and Bacterial Enriched Protein on Chicken Egg Yolk Color, Antioxidant Profiles, and Oxidative Stability. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040871. [PMID: 33923439 PMCID: PMC8073331 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken egg is one of nature's flawlessly preserved biological products, recognized as an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-element that plays a key role in biological processes. Organic selenium can be produced biologically by the microbial reduction of inorganic Se (sodium selenite). Therefore, the possibility of integrating Se enriched bacteria as a supplement in poultry feed can provide an interesting source of organic Se, thereby offering health-related advantages to humans. In this study, bacterial selenoproteins from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used as a dietary supplement with other Se sources in Lohman brown Classic laying hens to study the egg yolk color, egg yolk and breast antioxidant profile, oxidative stability, and storage effect for fresh and stored egg yolk at 4 ± 2 °C for 14-days. The results showed that dietary Se supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved egg yolk color, the antioxidant profile of egg yolk, and breast meat (total carotenoid and phenol content). When the Se treated groups were compared to control groups, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol in fresh and stored egg yolk and breast muscle. In hens that were fed ADS18-Se, the primary oxidation products (MDA) concentrations in the eggs, breast, and thigh muscle, and plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. However, the MDA content increased (p < 0.05) with an extended storage time in egg yolk. In comparison to inorganic Se and basal diets, egg yolk from hens fed organic Se remained fresh for two weeks. The egg yolk color, antioxidant profile, and oxidative status of egg yolk and tissue improve with dietary Se organic supplementation (ADS18 > Se-Yeast). The source of supplemented organic Se is critical for egg enrichment and antioxidant properties. As a result, ''functional eggs'' enriched with organic Se becomes possible to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Ibrahim Muhammad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.M.); (L.T.C.); (H.A.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, Dutse P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Dalia Abd Alla Mohamed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11115, Sudan;
| | - Loh Teck Chwen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.M.); (L.T.C.); (H.A.)
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.M.); (L.T.C.); (H.A.)
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.M.); (L.T.C.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-389474878; Fax: +63-89432954
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Engineered Maize Hybrids with Diverse Carotenoid Profiles and Potential Applications in Animal Feeding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783733 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multi-gene transformation methods need to be able to introduce multiple transgenes into plants in order to reconstitute a transgenic locus where the introduced genes express in a coordinated manner and do not segregate in subsequent generations. This simultaneous multiple gene transfer enables the study and modulation of the entire metabolic pathways and the elucidation of complex genetic control circuits and regulatory hierarchies. We used combinatorial nuclear transformation to produce multiplex-transgenic maize plants. In proof of principle experiments, we co-expressed five carotenogenic genes in maize endosperm. The resulting combinatorial transgenic maize plant population, equivalent to a "mutant series," allowed us to identify and complement rate-limiting steps in the extended endosperm carotenoid pathway and to recover corn plants with extraordinary levels of β-carotene and other nutritionally important carotenoids. We then introgressed the induced (transgenic) carotenoid pathway in a transgenic line accumulating high levels of nutritionally important carotenoids into a wild-type yellow-endosperm variety with a high β:ε ratio. Novel hybrids accumulated zeaxanthin at unprecedented amounts. We introgressed the same pathway into a different yellow corn line with a low β:ε ratio. The resulting hybrids, in this case, had a very different carotenoid profile. The role of genetic background in determining carotenoid profiles in corn was elucidated, and further rate-limiting steps in the pathway were identified and resolved in hybrids. Astaxanthin accumulation was engineered by overexpression of a β-carotene ketolase in maize endosperm. In early experiments, limited astaxanthin accumulation in transgenic maize plants was attributed to a bottleneck in the conversion of adonixanthin (4-ketozeaxanthin) to astaxanthin. More recent experiments showed that a synthetic β-carotene ketolase with a superior β-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase activity is critical for the high-yield production of astaxanthin in maize endosperm. Engineered lines were used in animal feeding experiments which demonstrated not only the safety of the engineered lines but also their efficacy in a range of different animal production applications.
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Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040721. [PMID: 33805547 PMCID: PMC8066449 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mandić AI, Bantis F, Böhm V, Borge GIA, Brnčić M, Bysted A, Cano MP, Dias MG, Elgersma A, Fikselová M, García-Alonso J, Giuffrida D, Gonçalves VSS, Hornero-Méndez D, Kljak K, Lavelli V, Manganaris GA, Mapelli-Brahm P, Marounek M, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Periago-Castón MJ, Pintea A, Sheehan JJ, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Valšíková-Frey M, Meulebroek LV, O'Brien N. A comprehensive review on carotenoids in foods and feeds: status quo, applications, patents, and research needs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:1999-2049. [PMID: 33399015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anamarija I Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anette Bysted
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graça Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Martina Fikselová
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Lavelli
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George A Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Adela Pintea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Prihastyanti MNU, Chandra RD, Lukitasari DM. How to Fulfill Carotenoid Needs during Pregnancy and for the Growth and Development of Infants and Children – A Review. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210701.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Possibility of Using Astaxanthin-Rich Dried Cell Powder from Paracoccus carotinifaciens to Improve Egg Yolk Pigmentation of Laying Hens. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated egg quality aspects such as astaxanthin concentration, E/Z-isomer ratio, and yolk color in laying hens fed with astaxanthin-containing diets. Dried Paracoccus carotinifaciens cell powder (Panaferd-AX) and fine cell powder (Panaferd-P) were used as sources of astaxanthin, with average particle diameters of approximately 100 μm and 10 μm, respectively. Paracoccus carotinifaciens contains valuable rare carotenoids such as adonirubin and adonixanthin, and thus the concentrations of these carotenoids in egg yolk were also evaluated. The E/Z-isomer ratios of the egg yolk carotenoids were determined by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an improved solvent system. Feeding diets containing P. carotinifaciens resulted in increased concentrations of astaxanthin, adonirubin, and adonixanthin in egg yolk, as well as a marked increase in the yolk color fan score; values associated with the Panaferd-P-containing diet were higher than those associated with the Panaferd-AX-containing diet. For example, the astaxanthin concentration in egg yolks of hens fed with the Panaferd-AX- and Panaferd-P-containing diets for 21 days were 1.21 μg/g and 1.85 μg/g, respectively. This indicates that the pulverization treatment of the P. carotinifaciens powder increased the efficiency of carotenoid accumulation in the egg yolk. Moreover, more than 95% of astaxanthin in P. carotinifaciens was present as the all-E-isomer. However, approximately 25% of astaxanthin in egg yolk was present as the Z-isomers. In recent years, astaxanthin Z-isomers have attracted substantial attention as they exhibit a greater bioavailability and bioactivity than the all-E-isomer. These data are important not only for understanding egg yolk pigmentation but also for improving the nutritional value of hens’ egg yolk through the addition of P. carotinifaciens to their diet.
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Wang WW, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on production performance and intestinal absorption function of laying hens in the late phase of production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sun Y, Liu M, Yan C, Yang H, Wu Z, Liu Y, Su N, Hou J, Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of β, β-carotene 9', 10'-oxygenase gene (EcBCO2) from Exopalaemon carinicauda. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:168-177. [PMID: 32057858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is an efficient genome editing tool for producing genetically modified animals. Carotenoids color the world around us and their accumulation in animals could be used to culture colorful new verities in animal breeding. β, β-carotene 9', 10'-oxygenase (BCO2) is an important enzyme during β-carotene metabolism. In this research, one full-length cDNA sequence encoding BCO2 (named EcBCO2) were obtained from Exopalaemon carinicauda. The genomic structure analysis showed that EcBCO2 gene was composed of 9 exons and 8 introns. Then, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of EcBCO2 gene was generated by co-microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and EcBCO2 sgRNA into one-cell stage embryos of E. carinicauda. Subsequently, the phenotype of EcBCO2-KO prawns was compared with that of wild-type prawns, which showed that EcBCO2-KO resulted in the color change in the hepatopancreas of prawns. In addition, the EcBCO2-KO prawns had a higher survival rate than wild-type prawns when the prawns were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Aeromonas hydrophila. These results indicate that BCO2 gene could be used as a candidate gene in molecular marker-assistant breeding of prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Naike Su
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiale Hou
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China.
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Nabi F, Arain MA, Rajput N, Alagawany M, Soomro J, Umer M, Soomro F, Wang Z, Ye R, Liu J. Health benefits of carotenoids and potential application in poultry industry: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1809-1818. [PMID: 32333620 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the widespread and ubiquitous lipid-soluble pigments that produce a wide range of colours which are universally found in various plants, microalgae, bacteria and fungi. Recently, interest in using carotenoids as feed ingredients has increased markedly owing to their bioactive and health-promoting properties. In terms of applications, carotenoid-rich products are widely available in the form of food and feed additive, supplements and natural colourants. Carotenoids play a versatile biological role that contributes to therapeutic effects, including anticancer, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and neuroprotective. Dietary supplementation of carotenoids not only improves the production performance and health of poultry birds, but also enhances the quality of egg and meat. Several studies have suggested that the supplementation of plant derived carotenoids revealed numerous health-promoting activities in poultry birds. Carotenoids reduce the oxidative stress in pre-hatched and post-hatched birds through different mechanisms, including quench free radicals, activating antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the signalling pathways. Use of carotenoids in poultry feed as a part of nutrient that confers bird health and improve product quality. Carotenoids play a critical role for the pigmentation of egg yolk, skin, legs, beak, comb, feather and fat. Birds consumed carotenoid deficient diet resulting hues of their egg yolk or pale coloured skin. Therefore, uniform pigmentation generally indicates the health status and quality of the poultry products. This review aims to gather recent information regarding bioactive properties of carotenoids and highlight pharmaceutical and health beneficial effects of carotenoids for the poultry industry. Additionally, it explores the importance of carotenoids as alternative feed ingredients for poultry to boost the production performance and replace synthetic medicine and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazul Nabi
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China.,Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rajput
- Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jamila Soomro
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Feroza Soomro
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiling Ye
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
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Sun Y, Yan C, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang W, Cheng W, Yang F, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of one carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene (EcNinaB-X1) from Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:421-431. [PMID: 31846777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the immune defense reaction of invertebrate, a plenty of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be induced to product. Though ROS can kill foreign invaders, the accumulation of these reactive molecules in animals will cause serious cell damage. Carotenoids could function as scavengers of oxygen radicals. In this research, cDNA and genomic DNA of one carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene (named EcNinaB-X1) were cloned from Exopalaemon carinicauda. EcNinaB-X1 gene was composed of 12 exons and 11 introns. EcNinaB-X1 knock-out (KO) prawns were produced via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the change of their phenotypes were analyzed. Of the 400 injected one-cell stage embryos with cas9 mRNA and one sgRNA targeting the first exon of EcNinaB-X1 gene, 26 EcNinaB-X1-KO prawns were generated and the mutant rate reached 6.5% after embryo injection. The EcNinaB-X1-KO prawns had significant lower mortality than those in wild-type group when the prawns were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Aeromonas hydrophila. In conclusion, we first demonstrate the function of the carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene in immune defense of E. carinicauda by performing directed, heritable gene mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan, 310012, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan, 310012, China.
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Moreno J, Díaz-Gómez J, Fuentes-Font L, Angulo E, Gosálvez L, Sandmann G, Portero-Otin M, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P, Nogareda C. Poultry diets containing (keto)carotenoid-enriched maize improve egg yolk color and maintain quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Grela ER, Knaga S, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Zięba G. Effects of dietary alfalfa protein concentrate supplementation on performance, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of raw, freeze-dried, and hard-boiled eggs from Polbar laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2256-2265. [PMID: 32241511 PMCID: PMC7587663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of addition of alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) at the dose of 15 g or 30 g per 1 kg of complete feed ration for the native Polbar breed on selected production traits and the fatty acid profile in the yolk of raw, hard-boiled or freeze-dried eggs. Laying hens were assigned randomly to 3 experimental groups, each comprising 30 birds. The control group received a standard diet without the APC addition and the experimental groups received APC, which partially replaced postextraction soybean meal. Egg laying performance, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were controlled throughout the experiment. At 33 wk of age, 45 eggs were randomly selected for assessment of the quality of the egg content and eggshell, and 30 eggs were taken for each of the cooking and freeze-drying treatments. The fatty acid composition was determined in the yolks of hard-boiled, freeze-dried, and raw eggs. There was no effect of the APC addition on the laying performance, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and a majority of egg quality traits. Hens fed with the APC laid eggs with a darker colored eggshell and yolk and a slightly lower breaking strength. The yolks in the eggs from hens receiving the APC addition were characterized by distinctly higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The group fed with a higher dose of APC produced eggs with a substantially lower level of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Boiling resulted in an increase in the SFA content and a decline in the level of PUFAs and carotenoids. Freeze-drying led to an increase in the total SFA content and a decrease in the level of n-3 PUFA. The APC addition to feed can replace the genetically modified soybean meal without reducing the values of production traits and egg quality and with a beneficial effect on the yolk color and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - S Knaga
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
| | - A Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - G Zięba
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Lublin 20-950, Poland
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The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Bilberry and Walnut Leaves in Laying Hens' Diets on the Antioxidant Properties of Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020191. [PMID: 31979047 PMCID: PMC7070516 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eggs are considered common dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but they are susceptible to quality deterioration. In order to reduce oxidation, the best strategy is the addition of antioxidants to hens’ diets. Walnut and bilberry co-products, rich in phenolic compounds, are produced in agricultural industries, and are a valuable source of antioxidants for animal nutrition. The dietary inclusion of bilberry and walnut leaves as natural sources of antioxidants in poultry diets led to the accumulation of nutrients with antioxidant activity in the egg yolk, and the susceptibility of the yolk to lipid peroxidation during storage improved. The results of the present study showed that including bilberry and walnut leaves in laying hens’ diets enhanced the oxidative stability of the egg yolk and retarded the lipid peroxidation process during storage. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of walnut and bilberry leaves (WL and BL), as sources of natural antioxidants in poultry diets, on the enrichment of antioxidant nutrients in the egg yolk and on the susceptibility of the yolk to lipid peroxidation during storage. The experiment was conducted on 32-week-old TETRA SL LL laying hens, which were assigned to three dietary treatments with 30 birds each. Each treatment was replicated 10 times with three chicks per replicate pen. Experimental dietary treatments differed from control diet (C) by addition of 0.5% BL supplement or 1% WL supplement. The phytoadditives were not significant contributors to the productive parameters. The addition of BL and WL in laying hens’ diets significantly increased the total polyphenol content, and the zinc, lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the egg yolks. In regards to the oxidative stability parameters, a significant decrease in the concentrations of primary oxidation products formed in the egg yolk of experimental groups was seen, proving an efficient inhibition effect of the phytoadditives on peroxyl radical formation. A significant correlation was observed between primary oxidation products and total polyphenol content of the egg yolks, where zinc, lutein and zeaxanthin are the bioactive compounds that inhibit the formation of secondary oxidation products.
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Popova T, Petkov E, Ayasan T, Ignatova M. Quality of Eggs from Layers Reared under Alternative and Conventional System. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Popova
- Institute of Animal Sciece, Bulgaria
| | - E Petkov
- Institute of Animal Sciece, Bulgaria
| | - T Ayasan
- Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Turkey
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Sun J, Li M, Tang Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Z. Effects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fermentation product on the laying performance, egg quality, jejunal mucosal morphology and intestinal microbiota of hens. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:54-64. [PMID: 31562827 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa solid-state fermentation product (RSFP) on the laying performance, egg quality and intestinal microbial flora of hens. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 40-week-old Roman laying hens (n = 216) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: the control (CON) group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.5% fermentation substrate; the 0.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.0% fermentation substrate +0.5% RSFP; the 2.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +10.0% fermentation substrate +2.5% RSFP; and the 12.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.5% RSFP. The effect of each treatment was analysed in six replicates of nine hens. The experimental period was 31 days, which included a 3-day adaptation period. After 31 days of feeding, one hen from each replicate was randomly selected and killed, and the jejunum and digesta in the cecum were collected for the determination of the intestinal morphology and microbial flora respectively. Daily egg mass in the 2.5 and 12.5% RSFP groups and egg production and feed conversion ratio in the 12.5% RSFP group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The yolk colour was improved in hens fed RSFP-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Hens fed RSFP-supplemented diet showed a decrease in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Helicobacteraceae, Helicobacter and Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, but an increase in the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-001 in the cecum (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary RSFP supplementation improved the laying performance, egg quality and intestinal microflora of hens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dietary supplementing diet with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa solid-state fermentation product, which is rich in carotenoids, improved the yolk colour and increased the carotenoid content, thereby improving the intestinal health of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Li
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Alteration of the Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota under High Levels of Molybdenum and Green Tea Polyphenols in Laying Hens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100503. [PMID: 31652580 PMCID: PMC6826559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary levels of molybdenum (MO) can negatively affect productive performances and health status of laying hens, while tea polyphenol (TP) can mitigate the negative impact of high MO exposure. However, our understanding of the changes induced by TP on MO challenged layers performances and oxidative status, and on the microbiota, remains limited. The aim of the present study was to better understand host (performances and redox balance) and microbiota responses in MO-challenged layers with dietary TP. In this study, 200 Lohmann laying hens (65-week-old) were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive a diet with or without MO (0 or 100 mg/kg), and supplemented with either 0 or 600 mg/kg TP. The results indicate that 100 mg/kg MO decreased egg production (p = 0.03), while dietary TP increased egg production in MO challenged layers (p < 0.01). Egg yolk color was decreased by high MO (p < 0.01), while dietary TP had no effect on yolk color (p > 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration were increased by high MO, while total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, glutathione s-transferase (GSH-ST), and glutathione concentration in serum were decreased (p < 0.05). Dietary TP was able to reverse the increasing effect of MO on ALT and AST (p < 0.05). High MO resulted in higher MO levels in serum, liver, kidney, and egg, but it decreased Cu and Se content in serum, liver, and egg (p < 0.05). The Fe concentration in liver, kidney, and eggs was significantly lower in MO supplementation groups (p < 0.05). High MO levels in the diet led to lower Firmicutes and higher Proteobacteria abundance, whereas dietary TP alone and/or in high MO treatment increased the Firmicutes abundance and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at phylum level. High MO increased the abundance of Proteobacteria (phylum), Deltaproteobacteria (class), Mytococcales (order), and Nanocystaceae (family), whereas dietary TP promoted the enrichment of Lactobacillus agilis (species). Dietary TP also enhanced the enrichment of Bacilli (class), Lactobacillates (order), Lactobacillus (family), and Lactobacillus gasseri (species). Microbiota analysis revealed differentially enriched microbial compositions in the cecum caused by MO and TP, which might be responsible for the protective effect of dietary TP during a MO challenge.
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Lycopene: a natural antioxidant for prevention of heat-induced oxidative stress in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Pappas AC, Zoidis E, Goliomytis M, Simitzis PE, Sotirakoglou K, Charismiadou MA, Nikitas C, Danezis G, Deligeorgis SG, Georgiou CA. Elemental Metabolomics: Modulation of Egg Metallome with Flavonoids, an Exploratory Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090361. [PMID: 31480630 PMCID: PMC6770739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic principles of elemental metabolomics were applied to investigate whether alteration of egg metallome could be achieved after two flavonoids addition, namely hesperidin and naringin in diets of laying hens. A total of 72 hens were divided into six groups: Control (C) (basal diet), E1 (750 mg hesperidin/kg diet), E2 (1500 mg hesperidin/kg diet), N1 (750 mg naringin/kg diet), N2 (1500 mg naringin/kg diet), and VE (200 mg vitamin E/kg diet). The same diet was provided to birds of all treatments, with the exception of added supplements. The diets had the same vitamin and mineral premix; thus, all birds received the same number of elements because no differences on feed intake existed. The egg elemental profile consisted of As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Zn, and was determined using ICP-MS. Flavonoid supplementation altered the elemental profile. Most notably, in both albumen and yolk, hesperidin increased Ni, Pb, and Sr concentration while it decreased that of Co and Sb. Naringin increased Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V and lowered the concentration of Co and Sb in both yolk and albumen. Vitamin E supplementation, in comparison to the control, decreased Co in both albumen and yolk and also raised Sb in albumen. Flavonoid presence led to the differences in deposition of certain trace minerals in egg compared to that of hens fed a basal diet or a diet with vitamin E supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios C Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Goliomytis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis E Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki Sotirakoglou
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Charismiadou
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Nikitas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios G Deligeorgis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Georgiou
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Omri B, Alloui N, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Aiello A, Romano R, Santini A, Abdouli H. Egg Yolk Antioxidants Profiles: Effect of Diet Supplementation with Linseeds and Tomato-Red Pepper Mixture before and after Storage. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080320. [PMID: 31394744 PMCID: PMC6723917 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary incorporation of linseed alone or along with dried tomato paste-pepper powder mix on egg physical characteristics, antioxidant profiles, lipid oxidative status, and yolk coloration before and after storage at 4 °C for one month. Sixty Novogen White laying hens, 27 weeks-old, were divided into three groups and given 100 g/hen/day of a standard diet (C), standard diet containing 4.5% of ground linseed (L), linseed diet containing 1% of dried tomato paste and 1% of sweet red pepper (LTP). Linseeds increased (p < 0.05) egg yolk antioxidant capacity but not lipid oxidative stability (p > 0.05). However, dietary inclusion of LTP did not improve fresh egg yolk antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation stability (p > 0.05). With reference to the stored eggs, only antioxidant activity measured by phosphomolybdenum reduction and lipid oxidative stability were influenced (p < 0.05) by the dietary treatment. Fresh egg yolk of hens fed on linseeds tended to have a slightly more yellow, redder, and less light color than the eggs of hens fed with the control diet. Dietary supplementation of LTP increased (p < 0.05) the Roche yolk color fan (RYCF) score and redness (a*) and decreased (p < 0.05) lightness (L*) without affecting (p > 0.05) saturation (C*). Storage of hens’ eggs fed on the control diet did not influence (p > 0.05) yolk color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République P.O. Box 77, Amilcar 1054, Tunisia
- National Agronomy Institute, Tunis, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République P.O. Box 77, Amilcar 1054, Tunisia
| | - Nadir Alloui
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Batna, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Hedi Abdouli
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République P.O. Box 77, Amilcar 1054, Tunisia
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42
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Honda M, Ishikawa H, Hayashi Y. Alterations in lycopene concentration and
Z
‐isomer content in egg yolk of hens fed all‐
E
‐isomer‐rich and
Z
‐isomer‐rich lycopene. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1261-1269. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology Meijo University Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishikawa
- Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture Meijo University Kasugai Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hayashi
- Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture Meijo University Kasugai Japan
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Panaite TD, Nour V, Vlaicu PA, Ropota M, Corbu AR, Saracila M. Flaxseed and dried tomato waste used together in laying hens diet. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:222-238. [PMID: 31055971 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1586500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of simultaneous supplementation of laying hens with dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids on egg quality, fatty acids and carotenoid profile of the egg yolk and on feed and yolk lipid peroxidation. A 6-week experiment was carried out with 53-week old laying hens (96 Tetra SL) assigned to a control and three treatment groups supplemented with 5% flaxseeds and different levels of dried tomato waste (DTW, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%). Hens from the groups supplemented with 5% and 7.5% DTW had a significantly lower average daily feed intake and laying percentage as compared to the control. Increased doses of dietary DTW enhanced yolk Roche colour score in direct correlation with the enrichment of egg yolk in carotenoids but decreased their transfer efficiency from feed to egg. After 4 weeks, egg yolk from hens fed with 5% flaxseeds and 7.5% DTW had increased lutein and zeaxanthin levels (by 29% and 24%, respectively) and the colour score was 3.5 fold higher compared to the control group. As a result of the dietary supplementation with flaxseed, the n-3 fatty acid content was 3.1-3.7-fold higher in egg yolk compared with the control and the n-6/n-3 ratio decreased from 18.3 (control) to 4.1-5.4 in supplemented diets. Dietary supplementation with 5% DTW effectively prevented lipid oxidation of eggs enriched with n-3 PUFA, but the increase in DTW content depressed the absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA in egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- a Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition , Balotesti , Romania
| | - Violeta Nour
- b Department of Horticulture & Food Science , University of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- a Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition , Balotesti , Romania
| | - Mariana Ropota
- a Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition , Balotesti , Romania
| | - Alexandru Radu Corbu
- c Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering , "Dunarea de Jos" University , Galati , Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- a Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition , Balotesti , Romania
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Evaluation of Quality of Eggs from Hens Kept in Caged and Free-Range Systems Using Traditional Methods and Ultra-Weak Luminescence. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of an evaluation of the quality of eggs from laying hens kept in caged and free range systems using traditional methods and ultra-weak luminescence (USL). It was found that the tested eggs were fresh and were characterized by the required quality, as demonstrated by analysis of the egg white and egg yolk. Eggs from free-range laying hens were characterized by an eight-fold higher emission of photons compared to eggs from caged hens, and they had over three times higher content of natural antioxidants in the form of carotenoids. Most probably, the higher number of photons emitted is associated with a higher content of biologically active substances in the material under study. Photon emission also varies in different ways depending on the specific hen breeding system. Differences in time in the identified maximum values of photon emission result from the composition of individual parts of the egg. Different times in which the emission peaks occurred for free-range eggs and for caged eggs were observed. The application of the USL method in order to confirm its usefulness in the assessment of food quality requires further research.
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Papadopoulos GA, Chalvatzi S, Kopecký J, Arsenos G, Fortomaris PD. Effects of dietary fat source on lutein, zeaxanthin and total carotenoids content of the egg yolk in laying hens during the early laying period. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:431-438. [PMID: 31046430 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1614526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of an unsaturated or saturated fat source and the effects of different dietary energy levels in laying hen diets on the carotenoid content of the egg yolk. 2. Seventy-two ISA Brown laying hens aged 22 weeks old were allocated, for a 10 week period, to three treatments: control diet (HE group) with a 3.4% supplemented fat containing 2.1% soybean and 1.3% palm oil as fat sources and a ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid (u/s) of 3.33; a lowered energy diet with 2.4% supplemented fat containing 1.4% soybean and 1.0% palm oil and u/s of 3.41 (LE+high u/s); a lowered energy diet with 2.4% supplemented fat containing 0.5% soybean and 1.9% palm oil and a u/s of 2.39 (LE+low u/s). A marigold plant extract supplement was used as a source of lutein. 3. Performance parameters (feed consumption, feed conversion, body weight), egg production rate and egg quality parameters were similar between treatments. Dietary fat digestibility at the middle of the study period was not different. Egg yolk total fat content was similar in all treatments at the middle and at the end of the study period. 4. Lutein, zeaxanthin, cis-lutein and total carotenoids content were significantly lower in eggs produced from the LE+low u/s group compared to those from the HE and the LE+high u/s groups (P < 0.01 for all parameters). 5. It was concluded that feeding laying hens with a diet containing 1% less supplemented fat and a lower u/s ratio compared to a control diet and to a diet with 1% less supplemented fat with a higher u/s ratio resulted in a significant reduction of carotenoid expression in the egg yolk at the end of experimental period. Performance and egg quality parameters were not affected by treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Papadopoulos
- a Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - S Chalvatzi
- a Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - J Kopecký
- b Institute of Microbiology , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Třeboň , Czech Republic
| | - G Arsenos
- a Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - P D Fortomaris
- a Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Evaluation of hydroponic barley sprouts as a feed supplement for laying Japanese quail: Effects on egg production, egg quality, fertility, blood constituents, and internal organs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Toomer OT, Hulse-Kemp AM, Dean LL, Boykin DL, Malheiros R, Anderson KE. Feeding high-oleic peanuts to layer hens enhances egg yolk color and oleic fatty acid content in shell eggs. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1732-1748. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Dalle Zotte A, Singh Y, Michiels J, Cullere M. Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia Illucens) as Dietary Source for Laying Quails: Live Performance, and Egg Physico-Chemical Quality, Sensory Profile and Storage Stability. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E115. [PMID: 30934616 PMCID: PMC6466284 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are promising candidates as alternative sustainable sources of protein for poultry species. The present research studied the effect of a dietary inclusion of a defatted black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal as an alternative protein source in the diets of laying quails, on productive performance, egg physicochemical quality, fatty acid profile, sensory traits and storage stability. A total of 225 laying quails were divided into 3 dietary groups (5 replicates/each). A conventional soybean meal-based diet was formulated (Control group), and two other diets were formulated including either 10% (BSF10) or 15% (BSF15) defatted BSF larvae meal. Laying quails showed satisfactory productive performance throughout the trial. BSF10 and BSF15 eggs had the highest shape index (p < 0.01), shell weight and percentage (p < 0.001) and the most intense yolk color (p < 0.001). Defatted BSF larvae meal increased the eggs' saturated fatty acid content (p < 0.001) to the detriment of the polyunsaturated fraction (p < 0.001). Overall the eggs' sensory profile was not affected by the dietary treatment, but BSF15 eggs had a higher feed off-flavor vs Control group (p < 0.05). At day 28 of storage, oxidative stability was higher in BSF10 vs. Control eggs (p < 0.01). Defatted BSF larvae meal can be considered a possible alternative ingredient to soybean meal in laying quail diets, up to the 15% inclusion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Yazavinder Singh
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Liu X, Peng C, Qu X, Guo S, Chen JF, He C, Zhou X, Zhu S. Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:182-190. [PMID: 30484908 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the supplemental effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on the production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders, a total of 480 Xuefeng black-bone (25-week-old) hens were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: Hens fed the basal diets with 0 (CON), 3.0 × 105 (BS-1), 6.0 × 105 cfu/g (BS-2) and 9.0 × 105 (BS-3) cfu/g of B. subtilis C-3102. As the B. subtilis C-3102 level increased, egg weight (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p = 0.003), fertility (linear, p = 0.021; quadratic, p = 0.059), hatchability (linear, p = 0.038; quadratic, p = 0.119) and yolk colour (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.021) increased in a linear or quadratic manner. Yolk index increased quadratically (linear, p = 0.054; quadratic, p = 0.017), and eggshell thickness (linear, p = 0.036; quadratic, p = 0.128), the activity of GSH-Px (linear, p = 0.024; quadratic, p = 0.078), the concentration of IgM (linear, p = 0.016; quadratic, p = 0.056) and the level of AIV-Ab (linear, p = 0.034; quadratic, p = 0.103) in the serum increased linearly as dietary supplementation of B. subtilis C-3102 increased. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell-breaking strength, egg-shape index, yolk percentage, Haugh unit, T-SOD, T-AOC, MDA, IgA and IgG concentrations and the level of NDV-Ab in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 9.0 × 105 cfu/g B. subtilis C-3102 in laying breeders diets may be a feasible means of effectively increasing egg weight, fertility and hatchability, and improving egg quality such as eggshell thickness, yolk index and yolk colour. Besides, B. subtilis C-3102 can enhance the activity of GSH-Px, the concentration of IgM and the level of AIV-Ab in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Canyang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Fa Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Shanghai Naseco Products Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Hunan Songyun Commercial Fowl Company, Huaihua, China
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Nunes KC, Eyng C, Pintro PTM, Garcia RG, Murakami AE, Vital ACP, Nunes RV, Nesello PO. Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:64-71. [PMID: 30353579 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen-day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Paula T M Pintro
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Alice E Murakami
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana C P Vital
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Patricia O Nesello
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, Brazil
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