1
|
Yang Z, Wang Y, Cheng Q, Zou X, Yang Y, Li P, Wang S, Su Y, Yang D, Kim HS, Jia X, Li L, Kwak SS, Wang W. Overexpression of sweetpotato glutamylcysteine synthetase (IbGCS) in Arabidopsis confers tolerance to drought and salt stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:669-683. [PMID: 38758249 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Various environmental stresses induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have deleterious effects on plant cells. Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant used to counteract reactive oxygen species. Glutathione is produced by glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS). However, evidence for the GCS gene in sweetpotato remains scarce. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of IbGCS isolated from sweetpotato cultivar Xu18 was 1566 bp in length, which encodes 521 amino acids. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of the IbGCS in sweetpotato flowers, and the gene was induced by salinity, abscisic acid (ABA), drought, extreme temperature and heavy metal stresses. The seed germination rate, root elongation and fresh weight were promoted in T3 Arabidopsis IbGCS-overexpressing lines (OEs) in contrast to wild type (WT) plants under mannitol and salt stresses. In addition, the soil drought and salt stress experiment results indicated that IbGCS overexpression in Arabidopsis reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced the levels of GCS activity, GSH and AsA content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. In summary, overexpressing IbGCS in Arabidopsis showed improved salt and drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Qirui Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yanxin Yang
- College of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yue Su
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Dongjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 1 25 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 1 25 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Wenbin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Qi L, Cui R, Zhang N, Song C, Li X, Lu X, Fan Y. De novo transcriptome assembly and molecular response mechanism analysis of a diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116020. [PMID: 38306816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium is a persistent heavy metal commonly found in aquatic ecosystems and has a strong toxic effect on organisms. The sensitivity of phytoplankton to environmental changes and its role as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health have been well-established. However, the mechanisms by which phytoplankton respond to cadmium remain incompletely understood. In this study, we chose the typical planktonic diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing, by integrating physiological-biochemical data and transcriptome analysis, to reveal the molecular mechanisms of C. meneghiniana responing to cadmium. Under cadmium stress, the cell density and chlorophyll-a content of C. meneghiniana significantly decreased, while MDA content and SOD activity gradually increased. At 72 h of cadmium stress, we found that at this time point, cell abundance and physiological variation were very significant, therefore we selected 72 h for subsequent analysis. To better understand the cadmium stress response mechanisms of C. meneghiniana, a de novo transcriptome method was used to analyse C. meneghiniana under cadmium stress for 72 h, and 1704 (M vs. CK) and 4788 (H vs. CK) differentially expressed genes were found. Our results showed that the changes in gene expression were closely correlated to the physiological-biochemical changes. Although cadmium stress could promote the nitrogen metabolism pathway, ROS scavenging system, and photosynthesis. While, C. meneghiniana under medium and high concentrations of cadmium can also limit various intracellular metabolic pathways, such as the MAPK pathway and phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway, and the degree of inhibition increases with the increase of stress concentration. In present study, the complete molecular mechanism of the planktonic diatom response to cadmium has been established, which provided important information for further studies on heavy metal pollutants and the multiple functional genes responsible for cadmium sensitivity and tolerance in planktonic diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Runbo Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Modern Educational Technology and Experiment Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xue Li
- Moutai Institute, Zunyi 564507, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Yawen Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Novel insights into the mechanism(s) of silicon-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants revealed by RNA sequencing analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 37848813 PMCID: PMC10580624 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentil is an essential cool-season food legume that offers several benefits in human nutrition and cropping systems. Drought stress is the major environmental constraint affecting lentil plants' growth and productivity by altering various morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. Our previous research provided physiological and biochemical evidence showing the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating drought stress in lentil plants, while the molecular mechanisms are still unidentified. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Si-mediated drought stress tolerance can provide fundamental information to enhance our knowledge of essential gene functions and pathways modulated by Si during drought stress in plants. Thus, the present study compared the transcriptomic characteristics of two lentil genotypes (drought tolerant-ILL6002; drought sensitive-ILL7537) under drought stress and investigated the gene expression in response to Si supplementation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS This study identified 7164 and 5576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from drought-stressed lentil genotypes (ILL 6002 and ILL 7537, respectively), with Si treatment. RNA sequencing results showed that Si supplementation could alter the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, osmoprotection, antioxidant systems and signal transduction in both genotypes under drought stress. Furthermore, these DEGs from both genotypes were found to be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The identified DEGs were also linked to cell wall biosynthesis and vasculature development. Results suggested that Si modulated the dynamics of biosynthesis of alkaloids and flavonoids and their metabolism in drought-stressed lentil genotypes. Drought-recovery-related DEGs identified from both genotypes validated the role of Si as a drought stress alleviator. This study identified different possible defense-related responses mediated by Si in response to drought stress in lentil plants including cellular redox homeostasis by reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell wall reinforcement by the deposition of cellulose, lignin, xyloglucan, chitin and xylan, secondary metabolites production, osmotic adjustment and stomatal closure. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggested that a coordinated interplay between various metabolic pathways is required for Si to induce drought tolerance. This study identified potential genes and different defence mechanisms involved in Si-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. Si supplementation altered various metabolic functions like photosynthesis, antioxidant defence system, osmotic balance, hormonal biosynthesis, signalling, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids under drought stress. These novel findings validated the role of Si in drought stress mitigation and have also provided an opportunity to enhance our understanding at the genomic level of Si's role in alleviating drought stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad M, Ahmed S, Yasin NA, Wahid A, Sardar R. Exogenous application of glutathione enhanced growth, nutritional orchestration and physiochemical characteristics of Brassica oleracea L. under lead stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1103-1116. [PMID: 37829699 PMCID: PMC10564701 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle to agricultural production and yield quality is heavy metal contamination of the soil and water, which leads to lower productivity and quality of crops. The situation has significantly worsened as a result of the growing population and subsequent rise in food consumption. The growth of nutrient-rich plants is hampered by lead (Pb) toxicity in the soil. Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli) is a prominent vegetable crop in the Brassicaceae family subjected to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses that dramatically lower crop yields. Seed priming is a novel, practicable, and cost-effective method that can improve various abiotic stress tolerances. Many plant metabolic activities depend on the antioxidant enzyme glutathione (GSH), which also chelates heavy metals. Keeping in view the stress mitigation potential of GSH, current research work was designed to inspect the beneficial role of seed priming with GSH on the growth, morphological and gas exchange attributes of broccoli seedlings under Pb stress. For this purpose, broccoli seeds were primed with 25, 50, and 75 µM L-1 GSH. Plant growth and photosynthetic activity were adversely affected by Pb stress. Furthermore, Pb stress enhanced proline levels along with reduced protein and phenol content. The application of GSH improved growth traits, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll content, mineral content, and gas exchange parameters. The involvement of GSH in reducing Pb concentrations was demonstrated by an improved metal tolerance index and lower Pb levels in broccoli plants. The results of the current study suggest that GSH can be used as a strategy to increase broccoli tolerance to Pb by enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and proline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranner JL, Schalk S, Martyniak C, Parniske M, Gutjahr C, Stark TD, Dawid C. Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef L Ranner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schalk
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cindy Martyniak
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship of Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Ling Y, Deng L, Yao S, Zeng K. Effect of L-cysteine treatment to induce postharvest disease resistance of Monilinia fructicola in plum fruits and the possible mechanisms involved. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105367. [PMID: 36963954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plum is an important stone fruit in China, but the fruit is easily perishable and susceptible to infection by pathogens. Traditionally, synthetic fungicides are used to control diseases. However, the side effects of fungicides should not be ignored. Cysteine, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) amino acid, has been reported to play roles in the plant abiotic stress response, but little is known about the role of cysteine to control postharvest diseases in fruits. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of L-cysteine treatment on control of postharvest brown rot in artificially inoculated plum fruits and the possible biocontrol mechanisms involved. Postharvest plum fruits were inoculated with 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg L-1 L-cysteine. 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment effectively controlled brown rot in artificially inoculated plum fruits by inducing resistance. Furthermore, 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), enhanced the content of NADPH of the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as improved the contents of H2O2 and some amino acids in the artificially inoculated plum fruits. 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment also elevated the antioxidant content (AsA, GSH) and the antioxidant enzymes activities (APX, GR, MDAR, DHAR) of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway. The protective effects of L-cysteine treatment on postharvest plum fruits likely be due to activating some defense-related responses of the fruit against infection. L-cysteine treatment is a safe promising method for controlling postharvest brown rot in plum fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Ling
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ni J, Qiu LJ, Yin KJ, Chen GM, Pan HF. Shared genetic architecture between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 severity. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:501-507. [PMID: 36127482 PMCID: PMC9489484 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have demonstrated a higher risk for developing more severe cases of COVID-19, but the complex genetic mechanism between them is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to untangle this relationship using genetically based approaches. METHODS By leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of T2D and COVID-19 severity, linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were utilized to quantify the genetic correlations and causal relationships between the two traits. Gene-based association and enrichment analysis were further applied to identify putative functional pathways shared between T2D and COVID-19 severity. RESULTS Significant, moderate genetic correlations were detected between T2D and COVID-19 hospitalization (rg = 0.156, SE = 0.057, p = 0.005) or severe disease (rg = 0.155, SE = 0.057, p = 0.006). MR analysis did not support evidence for a causal effect of T2D on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.030, 95% CI 0.979, 1.084, p = 0.259) or severe disease (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.934, 1.069, p = 0.982). Genes having pgene < 0.05 for both T2D and COVID-19 severe were significantly enriched for biological pathways, such as response to type I interferon, glutathione derivative metabolic process and glutathione derivative biosynthetic process. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further confirm the comorbidity of T2D and COVID-19 severity, but a non-causal impact of T2D on severe COVID-19. Shared genetically modulated molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of the two disorders are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - L-J Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Medical Insurance Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - K-J Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - G-M Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - H-F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enoki S, Tanaka K, Moriyama A, Hanya N, Mikami N, Suzuki S. Grape cytochrome P450 CYP90D1 regulates brassinosteroid biosynthesis and increases vegetative growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:993-1001. [PMID: 36898216 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vine vigor or vegetative growth is an important factor related to berry quality and vinicultural training management, but brassinosteroid (BR)-induced molecular mechanisms underlying vine growth remain unclear. In this study, the hypothesis that the Vitis vinifera CYP90D1 gene VvCYP90D1, one of the genes for BR biosynthesis, plays a critical role in shoot elongation was tested. RNA sequencing analysis of shoots collected from the vigorous cultivar Koshu (KO) and the reference cultivar Pinot Noir (PN) 7 days after bud break showed higher expression levels of various genes in the BR biosynthesis pathway in KO than in PN. The VvCYP90D1 expression level in KO was highest in meristems, followed by internodes and leaves. Cluster analysis of amino acid sequences including those in other plant species showed that the isolated gene belonged to the CYP90D1 group. The vegetative growth and the endogenous BR (brassinolide; BL) content were significantly higher in VvCYP90D1-overexpressing Arabidopsis than in wild type. VvCYP90D1-overexpressing Arabidopsis treated with brassinazole (Brz), a BR biosynthesis inhibitor, showed recovery of vegetative growth. These results indicate that VvCYP90D1 in grapevine has a vegetative growth promoting effect via BR biosynthesis. Our findings on the mechanism of BR-induced grape shoot growth will contribute to the development of new shoot control techniques for grapevine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enoki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ayane Moriyama
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Norimichi Hanya
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Norika Mikami
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Engineering, The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0005, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chauhan PK, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M, Singh R, Krishna D, Singh SK, Dwivedi P. Understanding the salinity stress on plant and developing sustainable management strategies mediated salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and CRISPR/Cas9. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-37. [PMID: 36254096 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's ionic, osmotic, and oxidative balance, as well as numerous physiological functions. Plants have a variety of coping strategies to deal with salt stress, including osmosensing, osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, increased antioxidant synthesis, and so on. Not only does salt stress cause oxidative stress but also many types of stress do as well, thus plants have an effective antioxidant system to battle the negative effects of excessive reactive oxygen species produced as a result of stress. Rising salinity in the agricultural field affects crop productivity and plant development considerably; nevertheless, plants have a well-known copying mechanism that shields them from salt stress by facilitated production of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, ionhomeostasis, ABAbiosynthesis, and so on. To address this problem, various environment-friendly solutions such as salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, eco-friendly additives, and foliar applications of osmoprotectants/antioxidants are urgently needed. CRISPR/Cas9, a new genetic scissor, has recently been discovered to be an efficient approach for reducing salt stress in plants growing in saline soil. Understanding the processes underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress might lead to more effective crop yield control measures in the future. In order to address this information, the current review discusses recent advances in plant stress mechanisms against salinity stress-mediated antioxidant systems, as well as the development of appropriate long-term strategies for plant growth mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques under salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. RamManohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Deeksha Krishna
- College of agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Fiji
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Department of Agri-Business, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yue Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zheng L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Hu C, Chen C, Ma K, Sun Z. Halotolerant Bacillus altitudinis WR10 improves salt tolerance in wheat via a multi-level mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941388. [PMID: 35909740 PMCID: PMC9330482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important abiotic stress factor that seriously affects the crop growth and yield. Use of plant-derived microorganisms is a promising strategy to alleviate salt stress. In a previous study, the endophytic strain Bacillus altitudinis WR10 isolated from wheat roots showed high salt resistance. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of WR10 in improving the salt tolerance of wheat and its potential mechanisms using a hydroponic test. Under salt stress, WR10 inoculation significantly increased the lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots, indicating that WR10 improves wheat salt tolerance at the seedling stage. WR10 inoculation significantly reduced Na+ accumulation and enhanced K+, P, and Ca2+ uptake in salt-stressed plants, which can be attributed to the upregulated gene expression of H+-ATPase as well as the P-solubilizing and biofilm-producing characteristics of WR10. At the transcriptional level, L-ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione (GSH) synthetase related to GSH biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes (CYP73A, 4CL, and CAD) were significantly upregulated, whereas those of GSH metabolism genes (glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) were significantly downregulated in WR10-applied wheat roots under salt stress. These changes increased the APX activity and GSH levels and resulted in a decrease in hydrogen peroxide levels. Additionally, a decrease in proline content was observed in WR10-inoculated plants under salt stress because of WR10-induced upregulation of proline dehydrogenase gene expression. These results provide supporting evidence that WR10 improves wheat salt tolerance via more than one mechanism and open a window of opportunity for WR10 application in salinized soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qiaoyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yongchuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Keshi Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghosh A, Islam MS, Alam NB, Mustafiz A, Islam T. Transcript profiling of glutathione metabolizing genes reveals abiotic stress and glutathione-specific alteration in Arabidopsis and rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1375-1390. [PMID: 36051227 PMCID: PMC9424389 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Homoeostasis of glutathione (GSH) is crucial for plant survival and adaptability against stress. Despite the presence of complete Arabidopsis and rice genome sequence, the comprehensive analysis of the GSH metabolizing genes is still missing. This research concentrated on the comprehensive understanding of GSH metabolizing genes in two model plants-Arabidopsis and rice in terms of their subcellular localization, exon-intron distribution, protein domain structure, and transcript abundance. Expression profiling using the microarray data provided significant evidence of their participation in response to various abiotic stress conditions. Besides, some of these GSH metabolizing genes revealed their expression alteration in several developmental changes and tissue diversification. The presence of various stress-specific cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of GSH metabolizing genes could be directly correlated with their stress-specific transcript alteration. Moreover, the application of exogenous GSH significantly downregulated GSH synthesizing genes and upregulated GSH metabolizing genes in Arabidopsis with few exceptions indicating a product-dependent regulation of GSH metabolizing genes. Interestingly, validation of rice GSH metabolizing genes in response to drought and salinity showed an almost similar pattern of expression in quantitative real-time as observed by microarray data. Altogether, GSH metabolizing members are a promising and underutilized genetic source for plant improvement that could be used to enhance stress tolerance in plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01220-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sifatul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114 Bangladesh
| | - Nazmir Binta Alam
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tahmina Islam
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Du HM, Liu C, Jin XW, Du CF, Yu Y, Luo S, He WZ, Zhang SZ. Overexpression of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene ZmALDH Confers Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:477. [PMID: 35008903 PMCID: PMC8745680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor limiting plant growth and the yield of cereal crops in acidic soils. Al-induced oxidative stress could lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes in plants. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes, which play an important role in detoxification of aldehydes when exposed to abiotic stress, have been identified in most species. However, little is known about the function of this gene family in the response to Al stress. Here, we identified an ALDH gene in maize, ZmALDH, involved in protection against Al-induced oxidative stress. Al stress up-regulated ZmALDH expression in both the roots and leaves. The expression of ZmALDH only responded to Al toxicity but not to other stresses including low pH and other metals. The heterologous overexpression of ZmALDH in Arabidopsis increased Al tolerance by promoting the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, increasing the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme genes as well as the activities of their products, reducing MDA, and increasing free proline synthesis. The overexpression of ZmALDH also reduced Al accumulation in roots. Taken together, these findings suggest that ZmALDH participates in Al-induced oxidative stress and Al accumulation in roots, conferring Al tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin-Wu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Cheng-Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wen-Zhu He
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Su-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Samanta S, Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Exogenous melatonin regulates endogenous phytohormone homeostasis and thiol-mediated detoxification in two indica rice cultivars under arsenic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1585-1602. [PMID: 34003317 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin enhanced arsenic (As) tolerance by inhibiting As bioaccumulation, modulating the expression of As transporters and phytohormone homeostasis, leading to efficient utilization of thiol machinery for sequestration and detoxification of this toxic metalloid. The present study was aimed at investigating the influence of exogenous melatonin on the regulation of endogenous plant growth regulators and their cumulative effects on metal(loid)-binding ligands in two contrasting indica rice cultivars, viz., Khitish (arsenic sensitive) and Muktashri (arsenic tolerant) under arsenic stress. Melatonin supplementation ameliorated arsenic-induced perturbations by triggering endogenous levels of gibberellic acid and melatonin, via up-regulating the expression of key biosynthetic genes like GA3ox, TDC, SNAT and ASMT. The endogenous abscisic acid content was also enhanced upon melatonin treatment by induced expression of the key anabolic gene, NCED3 and concomitant suppression of ABA8ox1. Enhanced melatonin content induced accumulation of higher polyamines (spermidine and spermine), together with up-regulation of SPDS and SPMS in Khitish, thereby modulating stress condition. On the contrary, melatonin escalated putrescine and spermidine levels in Muktashri, via enhanced expression of ADC and SAMDC. The role of melatonin appeared to be more prominent in Khitish, as evident from better utilization of thiol components like cysteine, GSH, non-protein thiols and phytochelatins, with higher GSH/GSSG ratio, despite down-regulated expression of corresponding thiol-metabolic genes (OsMT2 and OsPCS1) to deal with arsenic toxicity. The extent of arsenic bioaccumulation, which was magnified several folds, particularly in Khitish, was decreased upon melatonin application. Overall, our observation highlighted the fact that melatonin enhanced arsenic tolerance by inhibiting arsenic bioaccumulation, via modulating the expression levels of selected arsenic transporters (OsNramp1, OsPT2, OsPT8, OsLsi1) and controlling endogenous phytohormone homeostasis, leading to efficient utilization of thiol machinery for sequestration and detoxification of this toxic metalloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Samanta
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India
| | - Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang T, Zang Z, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang W, Hu X, Sun J, Tai F, He R. Quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes promote root growth and osmotic-stress tolerance in maize via ROS neutralization and improved energy status. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:122-131. [PMID: 33984624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the role of quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes (IFQA) on the root growth of plant seedlings was investigated. The root elongation of Arabidopsis and maize exposed to 20 and 50 mg/L of IFQA was promoted under normal and osmotic stress conditions, respectively. In the meantime, the root active absorption area and adenosine triphosphate content in roots of maize seedlings were enhanced by IFQA treatment, however, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in roots were down-regulated. IFQA application improved glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase activities and the ratios of glutathione/oxidized glutathione and ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid, and restored the inhibition of root elongation caused by the excess accumulation of H2O2 in roots of maize seedlings under osmotic stress. Furthermore, the expression of 14 proteins involved in cell growth, energy metabolism, and stress response in maize roots was upregulated by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed that IFQA stimulated the redox pathway to maintain balance levels of reactive oxygen species to ensure normal cell metabolism, promote energy production for root growth, and enhance osmotic-stress tolerance. It provided crucial information to elucidate the mechanism of the root growth of crop seedlings enhanced by water-soluble fullerene-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zang
- NanoAgro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuke Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hezhong Wang
- NanoAgro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinhua Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fuju Tai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Rui He
- NanoAgro Center, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rahaman MM, Zwart RS, Rupasinghe TWT, Hayden HL, Thompson JP. Metabolomic profiling of wheat genotypes resistant and susceptible to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:381-406. [PMID: 33973100 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Motiur Rahaman
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Zwart
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | | | - Helen L Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - John P Thompson
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Beek CR, Guzha T, Kopana N, van der Westhuizen CS, Panda SK, van der Vyver C. The SlNAC2 transcription factor from tomato confers tolerance to drought stress in transgenic tobacco plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:907-921. [PMID: 34092944 PMCID: PMC8140038 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drought is a key environmental factor that restricts crop growth and productivity. Plant responses to water-deficit stress at the whole plant level are mediated by stress-response gene expression through the action of transcription factors (TF). The NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factor family has been well documented in its role in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study we evaluated the effects of overexpression of SlNAC2 TF on the photosynthetic machinery, relative water content (RWC), reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and proline levels in tobacco plants exposed to a water-deficit treatment. Shoot growth and seed formation were also evaluated before, during and following water-deficit to determine any morphological consequences of transgene expression. The transgenic plants maintained higher RWC and chlorophyll levels over 21 days after withholding water and stomatal conductance until the 16th day of water-deficit. Overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco increased proline levels, improved seed setting and delayed leaf senescence of the transgenic plants. Reactive oxygen species accumulated at lower levels in the dehydrated transgenic plants but no significant difference in superoxide dismutase and catalase content were seen between the genotypes. The conversion of glutathione to oxidized glutathione was significantly higher in the transgenic plants, supported by increased glutathione reductase transcript levels. Our results indicate that overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco improved survival during and recovery from water-deficit stress, without an associated biomass penalty under irrigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad R. van Beek
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Tapiwa Guzha
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Nolusindiso Kopana
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | | | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Christell van der Vyver
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khizar M, Shi J, Saleem S, Liaquat F, Ashraf M, Latif S, Haroon U, Hassan SW, Rehman SU, Chaudhary HJ, Quraishi UM, Munis MFH. Resistance associated metabolite profiling of Aspergillus leaf spot in cotton through non-targeted metabolomics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228675. [PMID: 32049975 PMCID: PMC7015376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus tubingensis is an important pathogen of economically important crops. Different biotic stresses strongly influence the balance of metabolites in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the function and response of resistance associated metabolites which, in turn are involved in many secondary metabolomics pathways to influence defense mechanism of cotton plant. Analysis of non-targeted metabolomics using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) revealed abundant accumulation of key metabolites including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, fatty acids and carbohydrates, in response to leaf spot of cotton. The principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots illustrated the evidences of variation between two varieties of cotton under mock and pathogen inoculated treatments. Primary metabolism was affected by the up regulation of pyruvate and malate and by the accumulation of carbohydrates like cellobiose and inulobiose. Among 241 resistance related (RR) metabolites, 18 were identified as resistance related constitutive (RRC) and 223 as resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites. Several RRI metabolites, identified in the present study were the precursors for many secondary metabolic pathways. These included phenylpropanoids (stilbenes and furanocoumarin), flavonoids (phlorizin and kaempferol), alkaloids (indolizine and acetylcorynoline) and terpenoids (azelaic acid and oleanolic acid). Our results demonstrated that secondary metabolism, primary metabolism and energy metabolism were more active in resistant cultivar, as compared to sensitive cultivar. Differential protein and fatty acid metabolism was also depicted in both cultivars. Accumulation of these defense related metabolites in resistant cotton cultivar and their suppression in susceptible cotton cultivar revealed the reason of their respective tolerance and susceptibility against A. tubingensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khizar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Liaquat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Latif
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Haroon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Hassan
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
| | - Shafiq ur Rehman
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sruthi P, Puthur JT. Characterization of physiochemical and anatomical features associated with enhanced phytostabilization of copper in Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1423-1441. [PMID: 31244328 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for normal plant metabolism and it is involved in number of physiological processes in plants but at the same time, at concentrations above threshold level, it acts as a potential stress factor. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume with respect to Cu was evaluated for the first time. Various physiochemical and anatomical parameters were analyzed in three-month-old healthy plantlets of B. cylindrica on exposure to different concentrations of CuSO4 (0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 mM)for 20 d. Higher uptake and accumulation of Cu in the roots indicates that the roots are the primary site of Cu accumulation and thus the plant perform as an excluder. Tolerance index values (TI > 60) reveals the phytoremediation potential of this plant. Metabolites are accumulated in plants to cope up with the oxidative damage due to Cu stress. Increased rate of proline and free amino acids content and soluble sugar content especially in leaves of B. cylindrica subjected to CuSO4 contributes toward higher osmolality so as to counter the reduced water transport from roots. Nonenzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, and phenolics are the ROS scavenging compounds in the Defense system of B. cylindrica toward higher concentrations of CuSO4, and of these, phenolics accumulation plays greater role in the antioxidative function in B. cylindrica in response to Cu stress. The histochemistry of B. cylindrica revealed the prominent occurrence of star-shaped calcium oxalate crystals when exposed to 0.25 mM CuSO4, and it seems to be a prominent defense mechanism under Cu stress. Also a remarkable finding was the accumulation of Cu in the xylem vessels of plants on exposure of 0.25 mM CuSO4 as compared to control. The infrared spectra were analyzed to compare the functional groups in the phenolics and carbohydrate constituents of control and CuSO4-treated B. cylindrica plantlets and it indicated that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are involved in the Cu binding so as to achieve tolerance to Cu. Thus this study revealed the potential role of B. cylindrica as a promising candidate for phytostabilization of copper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palliyath Sruthi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chin DC, Senthil Kumar R, Suen CS, Chien CY, Hwang MJ, Hsu CH, Xuhan X, Lai ZX, Yeh KW. Plant Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase with Dual Catalytic Activity Modulates Abiotic Stress Tolerances. iScience 2019; 16:31-49. [PMID: 31146130 PMCID: PMC6542772 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle represents important antioxidant defense system in planta. Here we utilized Oncidium cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (OgCytAPX) as a model to demonstrate that CytAPX of several plants possess dual catalytic activity of both AsA and GSH, compared with the monocatalytic activity of Arabidopsis APX (AtCytAPX). Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified that three amino acid residues, Pro63, Asp75, and Tyr97, are required for oxidization of GSH in dual substrate catalytic type. Enzyme kinetic study suggested that AsA and GSH active sites are distinctly located in cytosolic APX structure. Isothermal titration calorimetric and UV-visible analysis confirmed that cytosolic APX is a heme-containing protein, which catalyzes glutathione in addition to ascorbate. Biochemical and physiological evidences of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing OgCytAPX1 exhibits efficient reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity, salt and heat tolerances, and early flowering, compared with Arabidopsis overexpressing AtCytAPX. Thus results on dual activity CytAPX impose significant advantage on evolutionary adaptive mechanism in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Chu Chin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Xu Xuhan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pikula K, Zakharenko A, Aruoja V, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis A. Oxidative stress and its biomarkers in microalgal ecotoxicology. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
21
|
Yang C, Zhong Y, Powell CA, Doud MS, Duan Y, Huang Y, Zhang M. Antimicrobial Compounds Effective against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Discovered via Graft-based Assay in Citrus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17288. [PMID: 30470774 PMCID: PMC6251869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease, is caused by three species of phloem-limited Candidatus Liberibacter. Chemical control is a critical short-term strategy against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Currently, application of antibiotics in agricultural practices is limited due to public concerns regarding emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and potential side effects in humans. The present study screened 39 antimicrobials (non-antibiotics) for effectiveness against Las using an optimized graft-based screening system. Results of principal component, hierarchical clustering and membership function analyses demonstrated that 39 antimicrobials were clustered into three groups: "effective" (Group I), "partly effective" (Group II), and "ineffective" (Group III). Despite different modes of action, 8 antimicrobials (aluminum hydroxide, D,L-buthionine sulfoximine, nicotine, surfactin from Bacillus subtilis, SilverDYNE, colloidal silver, EBI-601, and EBI-602), were all as highly effective at eliminating or suppressing Las, showing both the lowest Las infection rates and titers in treated scions and inoculated rootstock. The ineffective group, which included 21 antimicrobials, did not eliminate or suppress Las, resulting in plants with increased titers of Candidatus Liberibacter. The other 10 antimicrobials partly eliminated/suppressed Las in treated and graft-inoculated plants. These effective antimicrobials are potential candidates for HLB control either via rescuing infected citrus germplasms or restricted field application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
- Fruit research institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Charles A Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Melissa S Doud
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Yongping Duan
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Youzong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China.
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2199 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-US Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marathe A, Krishnan V, Vinutha T, Dahuja A, Jolly M, Sachdev A. Exploring the role of Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6 kinase-2 (GmITPK2) as a dehydration and salinity stress regulator in Glycine max (L.) Merr. through heterologous expression in E. coli. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:331-341. [PMID: 29289899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is implicative in a spectrum of biochemical and physiological processes involved in plant stress response. Inositol 1,3,4, Tris phosphate 5/6 kinase (ITPK), a polyphosphate kinase that converts Inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate to Inositol 1,3,4,5/6 tetra phosphate, averting the inositol phosphate pool towards PA biosynthesis, is a key regulator that exists in four different isoforms in soybean. In the present study, in-silico analysis of the promoter region of ITPKs was done and among the four isoforms, promoter region of GmITPK2 showed the presence of two MYB binding elements for drought inducibility and one for ABA response. Expression profiling through qRT-PCR under drought and salinity stress showed higher expression of GmITPK2 isoform compared to the other members of the family. The study revealed GmITPK2 as an early dehydration responsive gene which is also induced by dehydration and exogenous treatment with ABA. To evaluate the osmo-protective role of GmITPK2, attempts were made to assess the bacterial growth on Luria Broth media containing 200 mM NaCl, 16% PEG and 100 μM ABA, individually. The transformed E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells harbouring the GmITPK2 gene depicted better growth on the media compared to the bacterial cells containing the vector alone. Similarly, the growth of the transformed cells in the liquid media containing 200 mM NaCl, 16% PEG and 100 μM ABA showed higher absorbance at 600 nm compared to control, at different time intervals. The GmITPK2 recombinant E. coli cells showing tolerance to drought and salinity thus demonstrated the functional redundancy of the gene across taxa. The purity and specificity of the recombinant protein was assessed and confirmed through PAGE showing a band of ∼35 kDa on western blotting using Anti- Penta His- HRP conjugate antibody. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report exemplifying the role of GmITPK2 isoform in drought and salinity tolerance in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Jolly
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li B, Yang Y. Physiological and biochemical analysis of mechanisms underlying cadmium tolerance and accumulation in turnip. PLANT DIVERSITY 2018; 40:19-27. [PMID: 30159537 PMCID: PMC6091934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of plants to accumulate cadmium (Cd) is significant for phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils. Turnips cultivated in China include species featuring high Cd accumulation and some of these plants act as Cd hyperaccumulator landraces. These plants can accumulate over 100 mg Cd kg-1 dry weight in leaves without injury. Hence, studies that explore mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification and transport in turnip plants are essential. In the present study, we compared physiological and biochemical changes in turnip leaves treated with two Cd concentrations to controls. We discovered that Cd stress significantly increased the enzymatic activities or compound contents in the antioxidant system, including members of the glutathione-ascorbic acid cycle, whereas oxidation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remained stable. Cd treatments also increased the contents of phytochelatins as well as a number of amino acids. Based on these results, we conclude that turnips initiate a series of response processes to manage Cd treatment. First, the antioxidant system maintaining ROS homeostasis and osmotic adjustment is excited to maintain stability of cell osmotic potential. Cd is chelated into its stable form to reduce its toxicity. Cd is possibly transported to vacuoles or non-protoplasts for isolation. Amino acid synthesis may directly and indirectly play an important role in these processes. This study partly revealed physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying turnip response to Cd stress and provides information on artificially increasing or decreasing Cd accumulation in turnips and other plants.
Collapse
Key Words
- APX, ascorbate peroxidase
- Antioxidant system
- AsA, ascorbic acid
- CAT, catalase
- Cadmium
- Cd, cadmium
- DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase
- DW, dry weight
- Detoxification
- FW, fresh weight
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HM, heavy metal
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Ni, nickel
- O2-, superoxide anion
- PCs, phytochelatins
- POD, peroxidase
- Phytochelatin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Turnip
- Zn, zinc
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jia XL, Chen YK, Xu XZ, Shen F, Zheng QB, Du Z, Wang Y, Wu T, Xu XF, Han ZH, Zhang XZ. miR156 switches on vegetative phase change under the regulation of redox signals in apple seedlings. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14223. [PMID: 29079841 PMCID: PMC5660156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, miR156 regulates the vegetative phase change via the target SBP/SPL genes. The regulation of miR156 during ontogenetic processes is not fully understood. In the apple genome, of 31 putative MdMIR156 genes that encode pre-miR156, seven were dominantly expressed. However, the transcript levels of only MdMIR156a5 and MdMIR156a12 decreased significantly during the vegetative phase change, which was consistent with the mature miR156 level, indicating that miR156 is under transcriptional regulation. Leaf H2O2 content was higher in the adult phase than in the juvenile phase because of excess H2O2 accumulation in chloroplasts. When in vitro shoots were treated with menadione, diphenyleneiodonium, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or buthionine sulphoximine, the expressions of MdMIR156a5, MdMIR156a12, and as well miR156 were coordinated with reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio but not H2O2 contents. Alteration of miR156 expression level by MdMIR156a6-overexpressing or miR156-mimetic transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana did not cause a corresponding change in reactive oxygen species or GSH status. Collectively, the results indicate that the vegetative phase change in apple is controlled by the MdMIR156a5 and MdMIR156a12 transcriptional regulatory network in response to the plastid–nucleus redox signals, such as GSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin Jia
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ya Kun Chen
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Zhao Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Bo Zheng
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Du
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Feng Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Hai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shackira AM, Puthur JT, Nabeesa Salim E. Acanthus ilicifolius L. a promising candidate for phytostabilization of zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:282. [PMID: 28534307 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a halophyte species-Acanthus ilicifolius L.-to phytostabilize zinc (Zn) grown under hydroponics culture conditions was critically evaluated in this study. The propagules after treating with ZnSO4 (4 mM) were analysed for the bioaccumulation pattern, translocation rate of Zn to the shoot, effects of Zn accumulation on organic solutes and the antioxidant defence system. It was found that most of the Zn absorbed by the plant was retained in the root (47%) and only a small portion was transported to stem (12%) and leaves (11%). This is further confirmed by the high BCFroot (bioconcentration factor) value (1.99) and low TFshoot/root (translocation factor) value (0.5), which indicates the increased retention of Zn in the root itself. Moreover, treatment with Zn resulted in an increased accumulation of organic solutes (proline, free amino acids and soluble sugars) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione and phenol) in the leaf and root tissue. Likewise, the activity of antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) recorded an enhanced activity upon exposure to Zn as compared to the control plants. Thus, the increased tolerance for Zn in A. ilicifolius may be attributed to the efficient free radical scavenging mechanisms operating under excess Zn. In addition, being a high accumulator (53.7 mg of Zn) and at the same time a poor translocator of Zn to the aerial parts of the plant, A. ilicifolius can be recommended as a potential candidate for the phytostabilization of Zn in the contaminated wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Shackira
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India.
| | - E Nabeesa Salim
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Anee TI, Fujita M. Glutathione in plants: biosynthesis and physiological role in environmental stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:249-268. [PMID: 28461715 PMCID: PMC5391355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH; γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a small intracellular thiol molecule which is considered as a strong non-enzymatic antioxidant. Glutathione regulates multiple metabolic functions; for example, it protects membranes by maintaining the reduced state of both α-tocopherol and zeaxanthin, it prevents the oxidative denaturation of proteins under stress conditions by protecting their thiol groups, and it serves as a substrate for both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. By acting as a precursor of phytochelatins, GSH helps in the chelating of toxic metals/metalloids which are then transported and sequestered in the vacuole. The glyoxalase pathway (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes) for detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic molecule, also requires GSH in the first reaction step. For these reasons, much attention has recently been directed to elucidation of the role of this molecule in conferring tolerance to abiotic stress. Recently, this molecule has drawn much attention because of its interaction with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. In this review, we have discussed the recent progress in GSH biosynthesis, metabolism and its role in abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Upon exposure to abiotic stresses, plants tend to accumulate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inturn react with cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA. Therefore, decreasing ROS accumulation is indispensible to survive under stress, which is accomplished by inducing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense pathways. Glutathione, particularly reduced glutathione (GSH), represents a principal anitioxidant that could decrease ROS through scavenging them directly or indirectly through ascorbate-glutathione cycle or GSH peroxidases. Glutathione content can be determined using HPLC or spectrophotometric assays. In this chapter, we provided detailed assays to determine total, reduced, and oxidized gluathione using spectrophotometric method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahoo
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shu X, Livingston DP, Woloshuk CP, Payne GA. Comparative Histological and Transcriptional Analysis of Maize Kernels Infected with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2075. [PMID: 29270183 PMCID: PMC5723656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides infect maize kernels and contaminate them with the mycotoxins aflatoxin, and fumonisin, respectively. Genetic resistance in maize to these fungi and to mycotoxin contamination has been difficult to achieve due to lack of identified resistance genes. The objective of this study was to identify new candidate resistance genes by characterizing their temporal expression in response to infection and comparing expression of these genes with genes known to be associated with plant defense. Fungal colonization and transcriptional changes in kernels inoculated with each fungus were monitored at 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Maize kernels responded by differential gene expression to each fungus within 4 hpi, before the fungi could be observed visually, but more genes were differentially expressed between 48 and 72 hpi, when fungal colonization was more extensive. Two-way hierarchal clustering analysis grouped the temporal expression profiles of the 5,863 differentially expressed maize genes over all time points into 12 clusters. Many clusters were enriched for genes previously associated with defense responses to either A. flavus or F. verticillioides. Also within these expression clusters were genes that lacked either annotation or assignment to functional categories. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of gene expression of each A. flavus and F. verticillioides during infection of maize kernels, it identified genes expressed early and late in the infection process, and it provided a grouping of genes of unknown function with similarly expressed defense related genes that could inform selection of new genes as targets in breeding strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Shu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David P. Livingston
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Charles P. Woloshuk
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gary A. Payne
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Gary A. Payne, ;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cloning and Expression Analysis of One Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Gene (Hbγ-ECS1) in Latex Production in Hevea brasiliensis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5657491. [PMID: 27419133 PMCID: PMC4935901 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5657491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rubber tree is a major commercial source of natural rubber. Latex coagulation is delayed by thiols, which belong to the important type of antioxidants in laticifer submembrane, and is composed of glutathione (GSH), cysteine, and methionine. The rate-limiting enzyme, γ-ECS, plays an important role in regulating the biosynthesis of glutathione under any environment conditions. To understand the relation between γ-ECS and thiols and to correlate latex flow with one-time tapping and continuous tapping, we cloned and derived the full length of one γ-ECS from rubber tree latex (Hbγ-ECS1). According to qPCR analysis, the expression levels of Hbγ-ECS1 were induced by tapping and Ethrel stimulation, and the expression was related to thiols content in the latex. Continuous tapping induced injury, and the expression of HbγECS1 increased with routine tapping and Ethrel-stimulation tapping (more intensive tapping). According to expression in long-term flowing latex, the gene was related to the duration of latex flow. HbγECS1 was expressed in E. coli Rosetta using pET-sumo as an expression vector and the recombinant enzyme was purified; then we achieved 0.827 U/mg specific activity and about 66 kDa molecular weight. The present study can help us understand the complex role of Hbγ-ECS in thiols biosynthesis, which is influenced by tapping.
Collapse
|
31
|
Song L, Wang J, Shafi M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wu J, Wu A. Hypobaric Treatment Effects on Chilling Injury, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and the Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) Cycle in Postharvest Peach Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4665-74. [PMID: 27195461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hypobaric treatment effects were investigated on chilling injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in peach fruit stored at 0 °C. Internal browning of peaches was dramatically reduced by applying 10-20 kPa pressure. Hypobaric treatment markedly inhibited membrane fluidity increase, whereas it kept mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) concentration and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity relatively high in mitochondria. Similarly, 10-20 kPa pressure treatment reduced the level of decrease observed in AsA and GSH concentrations, while it enhanced ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities related to the AsA-GSH cycle. Furthermore, comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the metabolism of glutathione, ascorbate, and aldarate were up-regulated in peaches treated with 10-20 kPa for 30 days at 0 °C. Genes encoding GR, MDHAR, and APX were identified and exhibited higher expression in fruits treated with low pressure than in fruits treated with normal atmospheric pressure. Our findings indicate that the alleviation of chilling injury by hypobaric treatment was associated with preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and triggering the AsA-GSH cycle by the transcriptional up-regulation of related enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Shafi
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture , Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, and Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khan M, Daud MK, Basharat A, Khan MJ, Azizullah A, Muhammad N, Muhammad N, Ur Rehman Z, Zhu SJ. Alleviation of lead-induced physiological, metabolic, and ultramorphological changes in leaves of upland cotton through glutathione. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8431-40. [PMID: 26782322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants face changes in leaves under lead (Pb) toxicity. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has several functions in plant metabolism, but its role in alleviating Pb toxicity in cotton leaves is still unknown. In the present study, cotton seedlings (28 days old) were exposed to 500 μM Pb and 50 μM GSH, both alone and in combination, for a period of 10 days, in the Hoagland solution under controlled growth conditions. Results revealed Pb-induced changes in cotton's leaf morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative metabolism. However, exogenous application of GSH restored leaf growth. GSH triggered build up of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents and boosted fluorescence ratios (F v/F m and F v/F 0). Moreover, GSH reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Pb contents in cotton leaves. Results further revealed that total soluble protein contents were decreased under Pb toxicity; however, exogenously applied GSH improved these contents in cotton leaves. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also increased by GSH application under Pb toxicity. Microscopic analysis showed that excess Pb shattered thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. However, GSH stabilized ultrastructure of Pb-stressed cotton leaves. These findings suggested that exogenously applied GSH lessened the adverse effects of Pb and improved cotton's tolerance to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Khan
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - M K Daud
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ali Basharat
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Khan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shui Jin Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chin DC, Hsieh CC, Lin HY, Yeh KW. A Low Glutathione Redox State Couples with a Decreased Ascorbate Redox Ratio to Accelerate Flowering in Oncidium Orchid. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:423-436. [PMID: 26738548 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays multiple roles in plants, including stress defense and regulation of growth/development. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ascorbate (AsA) redox state is involved in flowering initiation in Oncidium orchid. In this study, we discovered that a significantly decreased GSH content and GSH redox ratio are correlated with a decline in the AsA redox state during flowering initiation and high ambient temperature-induced flowering. At the same time, the expression level and enzymatic activity of GSH redox-regulated genes, glutathione reductase (GR1), and the GSH biosynthesis genes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) and glutathione synthase (GSH2), are down-regulated. Elevating dehydroascorbate (DHA) content in Oncidium by artificial addition of DHA resulted in a decreased AsA and GSH redox ratio, and enhanced dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity. This demonstrated that the lower GSH redox state could be influenced by the lower AsA redox ratio. Moreover, exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), to inhibit GSH biosynthesis, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), to decrease the GSH redox ratio, also caused early flowering. However, spraying plants with GSH increased the GSH redox ratio and delayed flowering. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing Oncidium GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 displayed a high GSH redox ratio as well as delayed flowering under high ambient temperature treatment, while pad2, cad2 and gr1 mutants exhibited early flowering and a low GSH redox ratio. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that the decreased GSH redox state is linked to the decline in the AsA redox ratio and mediated by down-regulated expression of GSH metabolism-related genes to affect flowering time in Oncidium orchid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Chu Chin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guan C, Ji J, Jia C, Guan W, Li X, Jin C, Wang G. A GSHS-like gene from Lycium chinense maybe regulated by cadmium-induced endogenous salicylic acid and overexpression of this gene enhances tolerance to cadmium stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:871-84. [PMID: 25627256 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A GSHS gene, LcGSHS , was cloned from L. chinense for the first time. Evidence is presented here that endogenous SA accumulation maybe important for the regulation of LcGSHS expression level. Glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in heavy metal detoxification. GSH synthetase (GSHS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis in plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the important plant hormones, which plays a critical role in triggering plant responses to different stresses such as cadmium (Cd) stress. Until now, little has been done to explore the relationship among the accumulation of endogenous SA, GSHS transcript levels and the GSH content in plants under Cd treatment and we will investigate this link in this study. The chlorophyll content, transcripts level of LcGSHS gene, endogenous SA accumulation, GSH accumulation and Cd concentration in the leaves of Lycium chinense were studied under different treatment conditions. Endogenous SA, LcGSHS transcript expression and GSH content can be induced by Cd treatment in L. chinense, however, reduced by co-treatment with 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), an inhibitor of SA biosynthesis. Strong staining was observed in the leaves of Arabidopsis expressing ProLcGSHS::GUS under Cd stress and the staining was reduced by co-treatment with AIP. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing ProLcGSHS::LcGSHS also showed greater tolerance to Cd stress than wild types. Evidence was presented here that under Cd stress, GSH accumulation occurred via enhanced LcGSHS gene expression and the SA signaling cascade was involved in this accumulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of LcGSHS in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in greater tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chai J, Liu J, Zhou J, Xing D. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 regulates NPR1 gene expression and activation during leaf senescence induced by salicylic acid. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6513-28. [PMID: 25210078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant senescence is a highly regulated process that can be induced by a range of factors. The nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (npr1) mutant is defective in the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway, displaying delayed yellowing during developmental senescence. However, the regulating mechanism of NPR1 on exogenous SA-induced senescence in detached Arabidopsis leaves has not yet been clarified. It was shown here that mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) is involved in promoting exogenous SA-induced detached leaf senescence. During the process of SA-induced senescence, the expression of NPR1 and senescence-related transcription factor WRKY6 was suppressed in mpk6 mutant plants. Further analyses showed that the NPR1 mRNA level is reduced in wrky6 mutants and enhanced in WRKY6 overexpressing lines. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that WRKY6 binds directly to the NPR1 promoter containing W-box motifs. Moreover, inhibition of MPK6 function diminished SA-induced monomerization and nuclear localization of NPR1. In addition, the expression of Trx h5, which catalyses the SA-induced NPR1 activation, was suppressed in the mpk6 mutant, suggesting that MPK6 promotes NPR1 activation, possibly by regulating the expression of Trx h5. Collectively, MPK6-mediated WRKY6 and Trx h5 transcriptional activation co-regulated the expression of the NPR1 gene and the monomerization of NPR1 protein, allowing it to enter the nucleus, thereby promoting SA-induced leaf senescence. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of exogenous SA-induced detached leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zagorchev L, Terzieva M, Stoichkova M, Odjakova M. Changes in protein thiols in response to salt stress in embryogenic suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata L. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:616-621. [PMID: 26019548 PMCID: PMC4433836 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.946798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to assess the rate of protein disulphide formation and the activity of NADPH-dependent thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems, responsible for the reverse reduction of protein and mixed protein-glutathione disulphides, in embryogenic suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata, subjected to salt stress. Two concentrations of NaCl previously established as enhancing (0.085 mol/L) and inhibiting (0.17 mol/L) somatic embryogenesis were used. The quantitative (by colour reaction with Ellman's reagent) and qualitative (by diagonal gel electrophoresis) analyses showed a significant increase in protein disulphide formation in salt-treated cultures compared to controls. The ratio of disulphides to free thiols is higher in 0.17 mol/L NaCl-treated cultures. The activity of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system has been increased accordingly in 0.085 mol/L NaCl-treated cultures but decreased at the higher salt concentration. The activity of glutaredoxins was also estimated, by using glutathionylated bovine serum albumin as substrate and following the decrease of NADPH absorbance at 340 nm in the presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase. Mild salt (0.085 mol/L NaCl) treated cultures again showed the highest activity compared to controls and 0.17 mol/L NaCl-treated cultures. Based on these observations it was suggested that salt treatment resulted in increased protein disulphide formation and thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems are important regulators of this process, strongly involved in salt stress response. The highest activity at 0.085 mol/L NaCl may be also related to the regulatory mechanisms, involved in the potentiating of somatic embryogenesis at this salt concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyuben Zagorchev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Terzieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Stoichkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariela Odjakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski , Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vaculíková M, Vaculík M, Šimková L, Fialová I, Kochanová Z, Sedláková B, Luxová M. Influence of silicon on maize roots exposed to antimony - growth and antioxidative response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014. [PMID: 25201566 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799963-0.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of antimony (Sb) raises a serious environmental problem. Although this non-essential element can be taken up by roots and accumulated in plant tissues in relatively high concentrations, there is still lack of knowledge about the effect of Sb on biochemical and metabolic processes in plants. It was shown that application of silicon (Si) can decrease the toxicity of other heavy metals and toxic elements in various plants. The aim of this study was to assess how Si influences the growth and antioxidative response of young Zea mays L. roots exposed to elevated concentrations of Sb. Antimony reduced the root growth and induced oxidative stress and activated antioxidant defense mechanisms in maize. Silicon addition to Sb treated roots decreased oxidative stress symptoms documented by lower lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, and decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.11; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6; and guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7). Although neither positive nor negative effect of Si has been observed on root length and biomass, changes in the oxidative response of plants exposed to Sb indicate a possible mitigation role of Si on Sb toxicity in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Vaculíková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Šimková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fialová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kochanová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Sedláková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Luxová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Takahashi H, Imamura T, Konno N, Takeda T, Fujita K, Konishi T, Nishihara M, Uchimiya H. The gentio-oligosaccharide gentiobiose functions in the modulation of bud dormancy in the herbaceous perennial Gentiana. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3949-63. [PMID: 25326293 PMCID: PMC4247589 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.131631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an adaptive strategy that perennials use to survive unfavorable conditions. Gentians (Gentiana), popular alpine flowers and ornamentals, produce overwintering buds (OWBs) that can persist through the winter, but the mechanisms regulating dormancy are currently unclear. In this study, we conducted targeted metabolome analysis to obtain clues about the metabolic mechanisms involved in regulating OWB dormancy. Multivariate analysis of metabolite profiles revealed metabolite patterns characteristic of dormant states. The concentrations of gentiobiose [β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-D-Glc] and gentianose [β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-D-Glc-(1→2)-d-Fru] significantly varied depending on the stage of OWB dormancy, and the gentiobiose concentration increased prior to budbreak. Both activation of invertase and inactivation of β-glucosidase resulted in gentiobiose accumulation in ecodormant OWBs, suggesting that gentiobiose is seldom used as an energy source but is involved in signaling pathways. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous gentiobiose induced budbreak in OWBs cultured in vitro, with increased concentrations of sulfur-containing amino acids, GSH, and ascorbate (AsA), as well as increased expression levels of the corresponding genes. Inhibition of GSH synthesis suppressed gentiobiose-induced budbreak accompanied by decreases in GSH and AsA concentrations and redox status. These results indicate that gentiobiose, a rare disaccharide, acts as a signal for dormancy release of gentian OWBs through the AsA-GSH cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Naotake Konno
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Takumi Takeda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Teruko Konishi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Sakura-Ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pivato M, Fabrega-Prats M, Masi A. Low-molecular-weight thiols in plants: Functional and analytical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 560:83-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
40
|
Xia XJ, Gao CJ, Song LX, Zhou YH, Shi K, Yu JQ. Role of H2O2 dynamics in brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure and opening in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2036-50. [PMID: 24428600 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for plant growth and development; however, their roles in the regulation of stomatal opening or closure remain obscure. Here, the mechanism underlying BR-induced stomatal movements is studied. The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the stomatal apertures of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were measured by light microscopy using epidermal strips of wild type (WT), the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient notabilis (not) mutant, and plants silenced for SlBRI1, SlRBOH1 and SlGSH1. EBR induced stomatal opening within an appropriate range of concentrations, whereas high concentrations of EBR induced stomatal closure. EBR-induced stomatal movements were closely related to dynamic changes in H(2)O(2) and redox status in guard cells. The stomata of SlRBOH1-silenced plants showed a significant loss of sensitivity to EBR. However, ABA deficiency abolished EBR-induced stomatal closure but did not affect EBR-induced stomatal opening. Silencing of SlGSH1, the critical gene involved in glutathione biosynthesis, disrupted glutathione redox homeostasis and abolished EBR-induced stomatal opening. The results suggest that transient H(2)O(2) production is essential for poising the cellular redox status of glutathione, which plays an important role in BR-induced stomatal opening. However, a prolonged increase in H(2)O(2) facilitated ABA signalling and stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Zhao W, Hao J, Xu W, Luo Y, Wu W, Yang Z, Liang Z, Huang K. Changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of glutathione upon ochratoxin A stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 79:10-18. [PMID: 24662377 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins, which is toxic to plants and simulates oxidative stress. Glutathione is an important antioxidant in plants and is closely associated with detoxification in cells. We have previously shown that OTA exposure induces obvious expression differences in genes associated with glutathione metabolism. To characterize glutathione metabolism and understand its role in OTA phytotoxicity, we observed the accumulation of GSH in the detached leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under OTA treatment. OTA stimulated a defense response through enhancing glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and the transcript levels of these enzymes were increased to maintain the total glutathione content. Moreover, the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was increased and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle fluctuated in response to OTA. The depletion of glutathione using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase) had no profound effect on OTA toxicity, as glutathione was regenerated through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to maintain the total glutathione content. The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. In conclusion, date demonstrate that glutathione-associated metabolism is closely related with OTA stress and glutathione play a role in resistance of Arabidopsis subjected to OTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junran Hao
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Weihong Wu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Preuss ML, Cameron JC, Berg RH, Jez JM. Immunolocalization of glutathione biosynthesis enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 75:9-13. [PMID: 24361505 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, glutathione serves as a versatile redox buffer and cellular protective compound against a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Glutathione production involves glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the redox-regulated limiting enzyme of the pathway, and glutathione synthetase (GS). Because the sub-cellular and sub-organellar localization of these enzymes will have an impact on metabolism, here we examine the localization of GCL and GS in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Immuno-electron microscopy of leaf cells indicates localization of GCL primarily to the chloroplast with GS found in both the chloroplast and cytosol. Detailed examination of the localization of both enzymes within chloroplasts was performed using fractionation followed by immunoblot analysis and indicates that GCL and GS are found in the stroma. The localization of these enzymes to the stroma of chloroplasts has implications for the redox-regulation of GCL and plant glutathione biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Preuss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, 470 East Lockwood Ave., WEBH 9A, Webster Groves, MO 63119, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biology, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - R Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Studies triggered by the discovery of the function of thioredoxin (Trx) in photosynthesis have revealed its role throughout biology. Parallel biochemical and proteomic analyses have led to the identification of its numerous putative targets. Recently, to verify the biological significance of these targets, in vivo studies using transformants in which Trx is overexpressed or suppressed are in progress, and the transformants themselves that are being used in such studies show their potential applicative values. Moreover, Trx's mitigation of allergenicity for some proteins offers promising prospects in the food industry. Practical studies based on redox regulation, once only on the horizon, are now achieving new dimensions. This short review focuses on the industrial applications of Trx studies, the current situation, and future perspectives. The putative targets obtained by the proteomics approach in comparison with in vivo observations of the transformants are also examined. Applicative studies of glutathione, a counterpart of Trx, are also discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yano
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Anjum NA, Aref IM, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I, Iqbal M. Glutathione and proline can coordinately make plants withstand the joint attack of metal(loid) and salinity stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:662. [PMID: 25484889 PMCID: PMC4240066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naser A. Anjum
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi, India
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Ibrahim M. Aref
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Armando C. Duarte
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kocsy G, Tari I, Vanková R, Zechmann B, Gulyás Z, Poór P, Galiba G. Redox control of plant growth and development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 211:77-91. [PMID: 23987814 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox changes determined by genetic and environmental factors display well-organized interactions in the control of plant growth and development. Diurnal and seasonal changes in the environmental conditions are important for the normal course of these physiological processes and, similarly to their mild irregular alterations, for stress adaptation. However, fast or large-scale environmental changes may lead to damage or death of sensitive plants. The spatial and temporal redox changes influence growth and development due to the reprogramming of metabolism. In this process reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants are involved as components of signalling networks. The control of growth, development and flowering by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants in interaction with hormones at organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular level will be discussed in the present review. Unsolved problems of the field, among others the need for identification of new components and interactions in the redox regulatory network at various organization levels using systems biology approaches will be also indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ivanchenko MG, den Os D, Monshausen GB, Dubrovsky JG, Bednářová A, Krishnan N. Auxin increases the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root tips while inhibiting root growth. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1107-16. [PMID: 23965615 PMCID: PMC3783245 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The hormone auxin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate root elongation, but the interactions between the two pathways are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how auxin interacts with ROS in regulating root elongation in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. METHODS Wild-type and auxin-resistant mutant, diageotropica (dgt), of tomato (S. lycopersicum 'Ailsa Craig') were characterized in terms of root apical meristem and elongation zone histology, expression of the cell-cycle marker gene Sl-CycB1;1, accumulation of ROS, response to auxin and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and expression of ROS-related mRNAs. KEY RESULTS The dgt mutant exhibited histological defects in the root apical meristem and elongation zone and displayed a constitutively increased level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the root tip, part of which was detected in the apoplast. Treatments of wild-type with auxin increased the H2O2 concentration in the root tip in a dose-dependent manner. Auxin and H2O2 elicited similar inhibition of cell elongation while bringing forth differential responses in terms of meristem length and number of cells in the elongation zone. Auxin treatments affected the expression of mRNAs of ROS-scavenging enzymes and less significantly mRNAs related to antioxidant level. The dgt mutation resulted in resistance to both auxin and H2O2 and affected profoundly the expression of mRNAs related to antioxidant level. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that auxin regulates the level of H2O2 in the root tip, so increasing the auxin level triggers accumulation of H2O2 leading to inhibition of root cell elongation and root growth. The dgt mutation affects this pathway by reducing the auxin responsiveness of tissues and by disrupting the H2O2 homeostasis in the root tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Ivanchenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Désirée den Os
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- University of Groningen, Ecophysiology of Plants, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele B. Monshausen
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Joseph G. Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Andrea Bednářová
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Science, and Faculty of Science, South Bohemian University, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05-CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gill SS, Tajrishi M, Madan M, Tuteja N. A DESD-box helicase functions in salinity stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. PB1). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:1-22. [PMID: 23456247 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism of helicase-mediated salinity tolerance is not yet understood. We have isolated a DESD-box containing cDNA from Pisum sativum (Pea) and named it as PDH45. It is a unique member of DEAD-box helicase family; containing DESD instead of DEAD/H. PDH45 overexpression driven by constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus-35S promoter in rice transgenic [Oryza sativa L. cv. Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)] plants confers salinity tolerance by improving the photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. The Na(+) ion concentration and oxidative stress parameters in leaves of the NaCl (0, 100 or 200 mM) treated PDH45 overexpressing T1 transgenic lines were lower as compared to wild type (WT) rice plants under similar conditions. The 200 mM NaCl significantly reduced the leaf area, plant dry mass, net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), chlorophyll (Chl) content in WT plants as compared to the transgenics. The T1 transgenics exhibited higher glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) contents under salinity stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly higher in transgenics; suggesting the existence of an efficient antioxidant defence system to cope with salinity induced-oxidative damage. Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the PDH45 protein interacts with Cu/Zn SOD, adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-kinase, cysteine proteinase and eIF(4G), thus confirming the involvement of ROS scavenging machinery in the transgenic plants to provide salt tolerance. Furthermore, the T2 transgenics were also able to grow, flower, and set viable seeds under continuous salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl. This study provides insights into the mechanism of PDH45 mediated salinity stress tolerance by controlling the generation of stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also by protecting the photosynthetic machinery through a strengthened antioxidant system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schnaubelt D, Schulz P, Hannah MA, Yocgo RE, Foyer CH. A phenomics approach to the analysis of the influence of glutathione on leaf area and abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:416. [PMID: 24204368 PMCID: PMC3817356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an abundant low molecular weight plant thiol. It fulfills multiple functions in plant biology, many of which remain poorly characterized. A phenomics approach was therefore used to investigate the effects of glutathione homeostasis on growth and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rosette leaf area was compared in mutants that are either defective in GSH synthesis (cad2, pad2, and rax1) or the export of γ-glutamylcysteine and GSH from the chloroplast (clt) and in wild-type plants under standard growth conditions and following exposure to a range of abiotic stress treatments, including oxidative stress, water stress, and high salt. In the absence of stress, the GSH synthesis mutants had a significantly lower leaf area than the wild type. Conversely, the clt mutant has a greater leaf area and a significantly reduced lateral root density than the wild type. These findings demonstrate that cellular glutathione homeostasis exerts an influence on root architecture and on rosette area. An impaired capacity to synthesize GSH or a specific depletion of the cytosolic GSH pool did not adversely affect leaf area in plants exposed to short-term abiotic stress. However, the negative effects of long-term exposure to oxidative stress and high salt on leaf area were less marked in the GSH synthesis mutants than the wild type. These findings demonstrate the importance of cellular glutathione homeostasis in the regulation of plant growth under optimal and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schnaubelt
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | | | - Rosita E. Yocgo
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- Botany Department, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- Centre of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
- *Correspondence: Christine H. Foyer, Centre of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Skladanka J, Adam V, Zitka O, Krystofova O, Beklova M, Kizek R, Havlicek Z, Slama P, Nawrath A. Investigation into the effect of molds in grasses on their content of low molecular mass thiols. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23202817 PMCID: PMC3524598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of molds on levels of low molecular mass thiols in grasses. For this purpose, the three grass species Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare and Festulolium braunii were cultivated and sampled during four months, from June to September. The same species were also grown under controlled conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for quantification of cysteine, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and phytochelatins (PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5). Data were statistically processed and analyzed. Thiols were present in all examined grass species. The effect of fungicide treatments applied under field conditions on the content of the evaluated thiols was shown to be insignificant. Species influenced (p < 0.05) PC3 and GSSG content. F. pabulare, an intergeneric hybrid of drought- and fungi-resistant Festuca arundinacea, was comparable in PC3 content with L. perenne and F. braunii under field conditions. Under controlled conditions, however, F. pabulare had higher (p < 0.05) PC3 content than did L. perenne and F. braunii. Under field conditions, differences between the evaluated species were recorded only in GSSG content, but only sampling in June was significant. F. pabulare had higher (p < 0.05) GSSG content in June than did L. perenne and F. braunii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Skladanka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +420-5-4513-3079; Fax: +420-5-4521-2044
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.)
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Miroslava Beklova
- Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.)
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.A.); (O.Z.); (O.K.); (R.K.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Havlicek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Adam Nawrath
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gruhlke MCH, Slusarenko AJ. The biology of reactive sulfur species (RSS). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 59:98-107. [PMID: 22541352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential and quantitatively important element for living organisms. Plants contain on average approximately 1 g S kg⁻¹ dry weight (for comparison plants contain approximately 15 g N kg⁻¹ dry weight). Sulfur is a constituent of many organic molecules, for example amino acids such as cysteine and methionine and the small tripeptide glutathione, but sulfur is also essential in the form of Fe-S clusters for the activity of many enzymes, particularly those involved in redox reactions. Sulfur chemistry is therefore important. In particular, sulfur in the form of thiol groups is central to manifold aspects of metabolism. Because thiol groups are oxidized and reduced easily and reversibly, the redox control of cellular metabolism has become an increasing focus of research. In the same way that oxygen and nitrogen have reactive species (ROS and RNS), sulfur too can form reactive molecular species (RSS), for example when a -SH group is oxidized. Indeed, several redox reactions occur via RSS intermediates. Several naturally occurring S-containing molecules are themselves RSS and because they are physiologically active they make up part of the intrinsic plant defence repertoire against herbivore and pathogen attack. Furthermore, RSS can also be used as redox-active pharmacological tools to study cell metabolism. The aim of this review is to familiarize the general reader with some of the chemical concepts, terminology and biology of selected RSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C H Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (BioIII), RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|