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Wizgier D, Meng Y, Das A, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Ribeiro RV, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Hirani V. The association of dietary antioxidants and the inflammatory potential of the diet with poor physical function and disability in older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1528-1539. [PMID: 38220224 PMCID: PMC11043910 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the association of antioxidant intake and the inflammatory potential of the diet with functional decline in older men. A diet history questionnaire was used to collect dietary intake data from men aged ≥ 75 years (n 794) participating in the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project cohort study. Intake of vitamins A, C, E and Zn were compared with the Australian Nutrient Reference Values to determine adequacy. The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. Physical performance data were collected via handgrip strength and walking speed tests, and activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaires, at baseline and 3-year follow-up (n 616). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between diet and incident poor physical function and disability. Both poor antioxidant intake and high E-DII scores at baseline were significantly associated with poor grip strength and ADL disability at 3-year follow-up. No significant associations with walking speed or IADL disability were observed. Individual micronutrient analysis revealed a significant association between the lowest two quartiles of vitamin C intake and poor grip strength. The lowest quartiles of intake for vitamins A, C, E and Zn were significantly associated with incident ADL disability. The study observed that poor antioxidant and anti-inflammatory food intake were associated with odds of developing disability and declining muscle strength in older men. Further interventional research is necessary to clarify the causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wizgier
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Ying Meng
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Arpita Das
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - David G. Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David J. Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise M. Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Science (SoLES), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208, USA
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, FMH, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Concord Repatriation Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Li F, Wang G, Zhang Y. Association between carotenoid intake and periodontitis in diabetic patients. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e11. [PMID: 38572367 PMCID: PMC10988174 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and periodontitis in diabetic patients. Data on diabetic patients were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of carotenoids was assessed through the first 24-hour dietary recall interview. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were conducted by trained dental examiners. Subgroup analysis was conducted in terms of age, gender, the number of missing teeth, cardiovascular disease, smoking, and anti-diabetic drugs. Totally 1914 diabetic patients were included, with 1281 (66.93%) in the periodontitis group. After adjusting for age, gender, race, education, smoking, dental implants, hepatitis, and the number of missing teeth, α-carotene intake ≥55.82 mcg was associated with lower odds of periodontitis than α-carotene intake <55.82 mcg [OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.91, P = 0.010]; lutein and zeaxanthin intake ≥795.95 mcg was associated with decreased odds of periodontitis than lutein and zeaxanthin intake <795.95 mcg (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.57-0.98, P = 0.039). The association between carotenoid intake and periodontitis varied across different subpopulations. In diabetes, dietary intake of α-carotene and lutein and zeaxanthin was inversely associated with the odds of periodontitis, which may facilitate clinical periodontitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Li
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Shungeng Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Conservative and Endodontic Dentistry, East Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanda North Road Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Schöttker B, Holleczek B, Hybsier S, Köhrle J, Schomburg L, Brenner H. Strong associations of serum selenoprotein P with all-cause mortality and mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in older German adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:121-136. [PMID: 38198038 PMCID: PMC10904445 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential trace mineral. The main function of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is to transport selenium but it has also been ascribed anti-oxidative effects. METHODS To assess the association of repeated measurements of serum SELENOP concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality serum SELENOP was measured at baseline and 5-year follow-up in 7,186 and 4,164 participants of the ESTHER study, a German population-based cohort aged 50-74 years at baseline. RESULTS During 17.3 years of follow-up, 2,126 study participants (30%) died. The relationship of serum SELENOP concentration with all-cause mortality was L-shaped, with mortality being significantly higher at SELENOP concentrations < 4.1 mg/L, which is near the bottom tertile's cut-off (4.2 mg/L). All-cause mortality of participants in the bottom SELENOP tertile was significantly increased compared to subjects in the top tertile (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.35 [1.21-1.50]). SELENOP in the bottom tertile was further associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (1.24 [1.04-1.49]), cancer mortality (1.31 [1.09-1.58]), respiratory disease mortality (2.06 [1.28-3.32]) and gastrointestinal disease mortality (2.04 [1.25-3.32]). The excess risk of all-cause mortality for those in the bottom SELENOP tertile was more than twice as strong in men as in women (interaction of SELENOP and sex; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort study, serum SELENOP concentration was inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Consistent inverse associations with multiple mortality outcomes might be explained by an impaired selenium transport and selenium deficiency in multiple organs. Trials testing the efficacy of selenium supplements in subjects with low baseline SELENOP concentration are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register on Feb 14, 2018 (ID: DRKS00014028).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Neugeländstraße 9, 66117, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sandra Hybsier
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, CCM, Hessische Straße 4A, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, CCM, Hessische Straße 4A, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, CCM, Hessische Straße 4A, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Cosgarea R, Sculean A, Doerfer C. Can vitamins improve periodontal wound healing/regeneration? Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:539-602. [PMID: 37592831 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Landrier JF, Breniere T, Sani L, Desmarchelier C, Mounien L, Borel P. Effect of tomato, tomato-derived products and lycopene on metabolic inflammation: from epidemiological data to molecular mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38105560 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this narrative review is to summarise the current knowledge and limitations related to the anti-inflammatory effects of tomato, tomato-derived products and lycopene in the context of metabolic inflammation associated to cardiometabolic diseases. The potential of tomato and tomato-derived product supplementation is supported by animal and in vitro studies. In addition, intervention studies provide arguments in favour of a limitation of metabolic inflammation. This is also the case for observational studies depicting inverse association between plasma lycopene levels and inflammation. Nevertheless, current data of intervention studies are mixed concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of tomato and tomato-derived products and are not in favour of an anti-inflammatory effect of pure lycopene in humans. From epidemiological to mechanistic studies, this review aims to identify limitations of the current knowledge and gaps that remain to be filled to improve our comprehension in contrasted anti-inflammatory effects of tomato, tomato-derived products and pure lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Breniere
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- INRAE-Centre d'Avignon UR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Avignon, France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire (LAPEC), UPR-4278, Université d'Avignon, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Léa Sani
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Jin M, Bok M, Rho H, Chon J, Lim H. A pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of sarcopenia components and inflammatory biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2022; 107:195-205. [PMID: 36323193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a risk factor for muscle wasting. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool used to predict the inflammatory potential of an individual's diet. We hypothesized that consuming a potentially pro-inflammatory diet may be associated with a decreased sarcopenia component in postmenopausal women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between DII, sarcopenia components (muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance), and inflammatory biomarkers in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study included 70 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50 to 80 years. The DII was calculated based on 3-day food records, and participants were divided into 3 groups according to their DII score. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was assessed based on handgrip and leg muscle strength. Associations between DII and sarcopenia components and inflammatory biomarkers were determined using analysis of covariance and a general linear model after adjusting for potential confounders. The DII scores ranged from -6.08 to 5.82. Higher DII scores were significantly associated with decreased appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) (β = -0.520), height-adjusted ASM (β = -0.116), weight-adjusted ASM (β = -0.469), knee extensor strength (β = -3.175), knee flexion strength (β = -1.941), increased body fat percentage (β = 1.238), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (β = 5.582) (all P < .05). The present study confirmed a lower DII score, indicating that an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with higher muscle mass and strength and lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Jin
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheong-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyung Bok
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheong-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunkyung Rho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheong-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea.
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Rivera-Paredez B, Quezada-Sánchez AD, Robles-Rivera K, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Denova-Gutiérrez E, León-Reyes G, Flores YN, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Dietary inflammatory index and bone mineral density in Mexican population. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1969-1979. [PMID: 35624319 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dietary inflammatory index has been associated with bone loss. In this longitudinal study, we reported that changes in dietary inflammatory index were associated with a reduction in bone mineral density of the total hip and femoral neck in males and females ≥ 45 years, but not in individuals < 45 years. PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested that an inflammatory environment can affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, most of the studies have been done in postmenopausal women. Thus, longitudinal studies in different age groups and sex are necessary to evaluate the longitudinal association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and BMD in Mexican adults. METHODS A total of 1,486 participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study were included in this study. The DII was estimated with data retrieved through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models for cross-sectional associations and fixed effects linear regression models for longitudinal association were estimated, and both models were stratified by sex and age groups (< 45 and ≥ 45 years). RESULTS We did not observe cross-sectional associations between DII and the different BMD sites at baseline. In contrast, women and men ≥ 45 years in the 25th quartile of changes in DII were associated with a gain of 0.067 g/cm2 and 0.062 g/cm2 of total hip BMD, while those in the 75th quartile of DII was associated with a reduction of - 0.108 g/cm2 and - 0.100 g/cm2, respectively. These results were similar for femoral neck BMD in women. In contrast, we did not observe association with femoral neck BMD in men. We did not observe statistically significant changes for lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that changes in the DII score are associated with changes in total hip and femoral neck BMD among Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Amado D Quezada-Sánchez
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karina Robles-Rivera
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N Flores
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelos DelegationCuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Department of Health Policy and Management and UCLA-Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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dos Reis EE, Schenkel PC, Camassola M. Effects of bioactive compounds from Pleurotus mushrooms on COVID-19 risk factors associated with the cardiovascular system. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:385-395. [PMID: 35879221 PMCID: PMC9271422 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reconnoitring the Usage of Agroindustrial Waste in Carotenoid Production for Food Fortification: a Sustainable Approach to Tackle Vitamin A Deficiency. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grishanova AY, Perepechaeva ML. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Oxidative Stress as a Double Agent and Its Biological and Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126719. [PMID: 35743162 PMCID: PMC9224361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has long been implicated in the induction of a battery of genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor necessary for the launch of transcriptional responses important in health and disease. In past decades, evidence has accumulated that AhR is associated with the cellular response to oxidative stress, and this property of AhR must be taken into account during investigations into a mechanism of action of xenobiotics that is able to activate AhR or that is susceptible to metabolic activation by enzymes encoded by the genes that are under the control of AhR. In this review, we examine various mechanisms by which AhR takes part in the oxidative-stress response, including antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes and cytochrome P450. We also show that AhR, as a participant in the redox balance and as a modulator of redox signals, is being increasingly studied as a target for a new class of therapeutic compounds and as an explanation for the pathogenesis of some disorders.
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13
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Selenium intake is not associated with the metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents: an analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1404-1414. [PMID: 34176526 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Se reduces cellular inflammation and lipid peroxides; therefore, its association with CVD and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied. We aimed to investigate the association between Se intake and the MetS and its parameters (high waist circumference, hyperglycaemia, high blood pressure, high TAG and low HDL-cholesterol) in Brazilian adolescents between 12 and 17 years old. This research is part of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a Brazilian nationwide school-based study with regional and national relevance. We assessed: (1) socio-demographic data (sex, age, type of school and maternal education) using a self-administered questionnaire; (2) dietary intake using a 24-h recall applied for the whole sample and a second one applied to a subsample to allow within-person variability adjustment; (3) anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) and blood pressure using standardised procedures; and (4) biochemical analyses (fasting glucose, TAG and HDL-cholesterol). Logistic regression was applied, basing the analysis on a theoretical model. Median Se intake was 98·3 µg/d. Hypertension and hyperglycaemia were more prevalent among boys, while a high waist circumference was more frequent in girls, and low HDL-cholesterol levels were higher among private school students. The prevalence of the MetS was 2·6 %. No association between the MetS and its parameters and Se intake was found. This lack of association could be due to an adequate Se intake in the studied population.
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14
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Alesci A, Aragona M, Cicero N, Lauriano ER. Can nutraceuticals assist treatment and improve covid-19 symptoms? Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:2672-2691. [PMID: 33949266 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1914032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have always played an important role in public and individual health. Since December 2019, the world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that results in a syndrome known as COVID-19. Several studies were conducted to implement antiviral drug therapy, until the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Numerous scientific investigations have considered some nutraceuticals as an additional treatment of COVID-19 patients to improve their clinical picture. In this review, we would like to emphasize the studies conducted to date about this issue and try to understand whether the use of nutraceuticals as a supplementary therapy to COVID-19 may be a valid and viable avenue. Based on the results obtained so far, quercetin, astaxanthin, luteolin, glycyrrhizin, lactoferrin, hesperidin and curcumin have shown encouraging data suggesting their use to prevent and counteract the symptoms of this pandemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Das S. Cognitive frailty among community-dwelling rural elderly population of West Bengal in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 70:103025. [PMID: 35189474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been growing interest in the links between physical frailty and cognitive impairment: both can increase the risk of emerging life-threatening health problems and are currently prominent within the global geriatric health agenda. A recent consensus proposes the idea of 'cognitive frailty' defined by the presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia. Present study is intended to determine the prevalence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional survey was conducted among the rural community-dwelling elderly population of West Bengal, India (n = 510), without diagnosed dementia at baseline. An Interview-based questionnaire was administered to obtain information on sociodemographic, physical and psychosocial characteristics. Study participants were categorized as non-cognitive impairment (NCI) and cognitive impairment (CI) by Bangla Adaptation of Mini-Mental State Exam (BMSE ≤ 25) scale, as non-physical frailty (NPF) and physical frailty (PF) using Modified Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP ≥ 3) scale, as robust (NPF + NCI), pre-cognitive frailty (NPF + CI or PF + NCI) and cognitive frailty (PF + CI). RESULTS The overall prevalence of cognitive frailty was 21.8%. In multinomial regression analysis, final model indicated that increasing age, being woman, out-of-wedlock, poor education and non-working sociodemographic status had significant association with cognitive frailty. Poor nutritional status, low health-related quality of life and depression are also prone among the cognitively frail participants. CONCLUSIONS Present study allows us to understand complementary relationships between sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial characteristics and cognitive frailty. There is a dire need for multidimensional approach for providing appropriate and comprehensive geriatric health care for developing countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Das
- Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
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16
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Lycopene Inhibits IL-6 Expression by Upregulating NQO1 and HO-1 via Activation of Nrf2 in Ethanol/Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pancreatic Acinar Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030519. [PMID: 35326169 PMCID: PMC8944646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcoholic pancreatitis, alcohol increases gut permeability, which increases the penetration of endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS act as clinically significant triggers to increase pancreatic damage in alcoholic pancreatitis. Ethanol or LPS treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in pancreatic acinar cells. ROS induce inflammatory cytokine production in pancreatic acinar cells, leading to pancreatic inflammation. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is activated as a cytoprotective response to oxidative stress, and induces the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Lycopene exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various cells. We previously showed that lycopene inhibits NADPH oxidase to reduce ROS and IL-6 levels, and zymogene activation in ethanol or palmitoleic acid-treated pancreatic acinar cells. In this study, we examined whether lycopene inhibits IL-6 expression by activating the Nrf2/NQO1-HO-1 pathway, and reducing intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, in ethanol and LPS-treated pancreatic AR42J cells. Lycopene increased the phosphorylated and nuclear-translocated Nrf2 levels by decreasing the amount of Nrf2 sequestered in the cytoplasm via a complex formation with Kelch-like ECH1-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Using exogenous inhibitors targeting Nrf2 and HO-1, we showed that the upregulation of activated Nrf2 and HO-1 results in lycopene-induced suppression of IL-6 expression and ROS production. The consumption of lycopene-rich foods may prevent the development of ethanol and LPS-associated pancreatic inflammation by activating Nrf2-mediated expression of NQO1 and HO-1, thereby decreasing ROS-mediated IL-6 expression in pancreatic acinar cells.
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17
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do Prado R, Aires PP, Suano-Souza FI, Affonso Fonseca FL, Terreri MT, Sarni ROS. Selenium nutritional status and its association with SLEDAI-2K, HOMA-IR and lipid profile in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients. Lupus 2022; 31:155-162. [PMID: 35077255 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211067982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess nutritional status regarding selenium in adolescents with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (jSLE) and analyze possible associations with disease activity, insulin resistance and lipid profile. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 31 female adolescents with jSLE and 31 healthy female volunteers as a comparison group. We obtained demographic, anthropometric (weight, stature, waist, and neck circumferences), and clinical data (disease activity measured by SLEDAI-2K) from both groups; laboratory data including: lipid profile, plasma selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), insulin levels, and glycemia (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance-HOMA-IR). RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis of jSLE group was 15.9±1.7 years, with mean disease duration of 3.6±2.6 years. 48% of patients and controls had below-reference Se levels (≤46mcg/L). GPx was more frequently below reference levels (<4.171U/L) in the jSLE group, compared to controls. A ROC curve was used to assess the power of the variables to discriminate between both groups; insulin (AUC = 0.712; CI 95% 0.584-0.840), waist-to-height ratio (AUC = 0.704; CI 95% 0.572-0.837), and HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.689; CI 95% 0.556-0.822) were the variables with the greatest discriminatory power. Linear regression showed an independent inverse association between Se levels and c-LDL; no such correlation was found for GPx activity. SLEDAI-2 K and HOMA-IR showed no association with levels of Se and GPx activity. CONCLUSIONS Approximately, 50% of jSLE adolescents had below reference Se levels. The frequency of inadequate GPx values was higher in patients, compared to controls. There was an independent inverse association between Se and c-LDL levels in both groups; this was not the case for HOMA-IR and SLEDAI-2K. The data show the importance of assessing Se nutritional status in jSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério do Prado
- Rheumatology Unit of Department of Pediatrics,28105Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Aires
- Rheumatology Unit of Department of Pediatrics,28105Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Terreri
- Rheumatology Unit of Department of Pediatrics,28105Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli O S Sarni
- Department of Pediatrics, 28105Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sobczyk MK, Gaunt TR. The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K 1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:233. [PMID: 35057415 PMCID: PMC8780111 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Previous results from observational, interventional studies and in vitro experiments suggest that certain micronutrients possess anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities. In particular, it has been hypothesized that zinc, selenium, copper and vitamin K1 have strong potential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to test whether genetically predicted Zn, Se, Cu or vitamin K1 levels have a causal effect on COVID-19 related outcomes, including risk of infection, hospitalization and critical illness. Methods: We employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Our genetic variants derived from European-ancestry GWAS reflected circulating levels of Zn, Cu, Se in red blood cells as well as Se and vitamin K1 in serum/plasma. For the COVID-19 outcome GWAS, we used infection, hospitalization or critical illness. Our inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis was complemented by sensitivity analyses including a more liberal selection of variants at a genome-wide sub-significant threshold, MR-Egger and weighted median/mode tests. Results: Circulating micronutrient levels show limited evidence of association with COVID-19 infection, with the odds ratio [OR] ranging from 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87-1.08, p-value = 0.55) for zinc to 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00-1.14, p-value = 0.06)-i.e., no beneficial effect for copper was observed per 1 SD increase in exposure. Similarly minimal evidence was obtained for the hospitalization and critical illness outcomes with OR from 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87-1.09, p-value = 0.66) for vitamin K1 to 1.07 (95% CI: 0.88-1.29, p-value = 0.49) for copper, and from 0.93 (95% CI: 0.72-1.19, p-value = 0.55) for vitamin K1 to 1.21 (95% CI: 0.79-1.86, p-value = 0.39) for zinc, respectively. Conclusions: This study does not provide evidence that supplementation with zinc, selenium, copper or vitamin K1 can prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, critical illness or hospitalization for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Sobczyk
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
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19
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Al-Mubarak AA, Beverborg NG, Suthahar N, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJL, Touw DJ, de Boer RA, van der Meer P, Bomer N. High selenium levels associate with reduced risk of mortality and new-onset heart failure: data from PREVEND. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 24:299-307. [PMID: 34931411 PMCID: PMC9302111 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To elucidate the relationship between serum selenium levels and the risk of mortality and new‐onset heart failure (HF) in the general adult population. Methods and results Selenium was measured in a Dutch cohort and a retrospective analysis of prospectively assessed data was performed. Main outcome measures were all‐cause mortality and incidence of new‐onset HF separately, and combined as a composite endpoint. Serum selenium was measured in 5973 subjects and mean selenium concentration was 84.6 (±19.5) µg/L. Mean age was 53.6 (±12.1) years and 3103 subjects (52%) were female. Median follow‐up was 8.4 years. Selenium levels associated positively with female sex, higher total cholesterol and glucose concentrations, and associated negatively with incidence of anaemia, iron deficiency, current smoking, increased C‐reactive protein levels, and higher body mass index. Univariate analysis on all subjects showed no association of continuous selenium concentrations, per 10 µg/L increase, with the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.06, p = 0.407). However, significant interaction with smoking status was observed. In non‐smoking subjects (n = 4288), continuous selenium concentrations were independently associated with reduced mortality risk (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79–0.96, p = 0.005), lower risk of new‐onset HF (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.96, p = 0.017), as well as reduced risk of the composite endpoint (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94, p = 0.001). In smoking subjects, no associations were found. Conclusion Serum selenium was independently associated with multiple indicators of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, high selenium levels were independently associated with reduced mortality and new‐onset HF in non‐smokers. Well‐powered interventional studies are necessary to evaluate the potential benefit of repleting selenium, especially in non‐smoking subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Zafar J, Aqeel A, Shah FI, Ehsan N, Gohar UF, Moga MA, Festila D, Ciurea C, Irimie M, Chicea R. Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10910. [PMID: 34681572 PMCID: PMC8535525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Zafar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Naureen Ehsan
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Dana Festila
- Radiology and Maxilo Facial Surgery Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Radu Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
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Fujii R, Tsuboi Y, Maeda K, Ishihara Y, Suzuki K. Analysis of Repeated Measurements of Serum Carotenoid Levels and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Japan. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2113369. [PMID: 34115126 PMCID: PMC8196342 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The associations of levels of diverse serum carotenoids ascertained via repeated measurements with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk have not been considered in previous prospective studies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between repeated measurement of serum carotenoid levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study's baseline data were collected using information from physical examinations from 1990 to 1999. Eligible participants were followed up until December 2017, with a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 22.3 (15.5-25.3) years. Included individuals were age 40 years or older at the baseline data collection, were residents of the study site in the town of Yakumo, Hokkaido, Japan, and participated in a physical examination at least once from 1990 to 1999. Among eligible participants, after excluding 332 individuals, 3116 individuals were included in the analysis. Data analysis was conducted in April 2020. EXPOSURES Repeated measurements of 6 serum carotenoid levels and 4 associated indices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality, categorized by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes, were recorded. A time-dependent Cox regression model was performed to examine associations between time-varying serum carotenoid levels and mortality. RESULTS Among 3116 individuals who received physical examinations, the mean (SD) age was 54.7 (10.6) years and 1883 (60.4%) were women. During the follow-up period, 762 deaths from all causes, 253 deaths from cancer, and 210 deaths from CVD were ascertained. In a time-dependent Cox regression analysis, for every 25% higher serum levels of total carotenoids, risks were statistically significantly lower for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.82-0.87; P < .001), cancer mortality (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78-0.87; P < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91; P < .001). Using only baseline measures, for every 25% higher serum levels of total carotenoids, risks were also statistically significantly lower for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95; P < .001), cancer mortality (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; P < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99; P = .03) but with larger HRs than those associated with repeated measurements. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that higher levels of serum carotenoids in analysis using repeated measurements were associated with significantly lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality over a follow-up period of 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
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Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Zahabi ES, Malekahmadi M, Zarrin R, Alizadeh M. Carotenoids supplementation and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8161-8177. [PMID: 33998846 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of carotenoids on selected inflammatory parameters. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science were searched from inception until April 2021. The random-effect model was used to analyze data and the overall effect size was computed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% of confidence interval (CI). A total of 26 trials with 35 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated significant effects of carotenoids on C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: ‒0.54 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.71, ‒0.37, P < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: ‒0.54 pg/mL, 95% CI: ‒1.01, ‒0.06, P = 0.025), however the effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was not significant (WMD: ‒0.97 pg/ml, 95% CI: ‒1.98, 0.03, P = 0.0.059). For the individual carotenoids, astaxanthin, (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.51, ‒0.09, P = 0.005), lutein/zeaxanthin (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.45, ‒0.15, P < 0.001), and β-cryptoxanthin (WMD: ‒0.35 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.54, ‒0.15, P < 0.001) significantly decreased CRP level. Also, only lycopene (WMD: ‒1.08 pg/ml, 95%CI: ‒2.03, ‒0.12, P = 0.027) led to a significant decrease in IL-6. The overall results supported possible protective effects of carotenoids on inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifi Zahabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Zarrin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Machado V, Botelho J, Viana J, Pereira P, Lopes LB, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041194. [PMID: 33916342 PMCID: PMC8066166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212-946-800
| | - João Viana
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Paula Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Bandeira Lopes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Sintra Delgado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (V.M.); (J.V.); (L.B.L.); (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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Bermano G, Méplan C, Mercer DK, Hesketh JE. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19? Br J Nutr 2021; 125:618-627. [PMID: 32758306 PMCID: PMC7503044 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Se is a micronutrient essential for human health. Sub-optimal Se status is common, occurring in a significant proportion of the population across the world including parts of Europe and China. Human and animal studies have shown that Se status is a key determinant of the host response to viral infections. In this review, we address the question whether Se intake is a factor in determining the severity of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emphasis is placed on epidemiological and animal studies which suggest that Se affects host response to RNA viruses and on the molecular mechanisms by which Se and selenoproteins modulate the inter-linked redox homeostasis, stress response and inflammatory response. Together these studies indicate that Se status is an important factor in determining the host response to viral infections. Therefore, we conclude that Se status is likely to influence human response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and that Se status is one (of several) risk factors which may impact on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in populations where Se intake is sub-optimal or low. We suggest the use of appropriate markers to assess the Se status of COVID-19 patients and possible supplementation may be beneficial in limiting the severity of symptoms, especially in countries where Se status is regarded as sub-optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Catherine Méplan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derry K. Mercer
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
| | - John E. Hesketh
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, AberdeenAB10 7GJ, UK
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25
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Davinelli S, Corbi G, Scapagnini G. Frailty syndrome: A target for functional nutrients? Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111441. [PMID: 33539905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a late life phenotype characterized by a decline in physiological reserve across several organ systems, resulting in the increased susceptibility to endogenous and/or exogenous stressors. Although the etiology of frailty remains poorly understood, an interconnected network of putative mechanisms linked to the ageing process has been proposed. However, frailty is a dynamic process that may be prevented, delayed, or even reversed. The syndromic nature of frailty requires a multidomain approach, such as proper nutrition, as part of modifiable environmental factors, and represents one of the most promising and least costly ways to prevent and reduce frailty among older adults. Nutrient deficiencies have been consistently associated with frailty; however, mounting evidence also supports the hypothesis that beyond the traditional nutritional value, specific dietary components may exert function-enhancing effects and mitigate the extent of frailty. Thus, further mechanistic studies, along with large clinical trials, are imperative to establish the exact role of functional nutrients in the clinical management of frailty. Here, we provide a contemporary discussion of how emerging functional nutrients may contribute to modify the trajectory of the frailty syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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26
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García-Esquinas E, Carrasco-Rios M, Ortolá R, Sotos Prieto M, Pérez-Gómez B, Gutiérrez-González E, Banegas JR, Queipo R, Olmedo P, Gil F, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Selenium and impaired physical function in US and Spanish older adults. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101819. [PMID: 33316745 PMCID: PMC7744768 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is a trace element with a narrow safety margin. Objectives To evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal dose-response association between Se exposure and measures of impaired physical function and disability in older adults. Design NHANES 2011–2014 cross-sectional (US, n = 1733, age ≥60 years) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 2017–2019 cross-sectional and longitudinal (Spain, n = 2548 and 1741, respectively, age ≥65 years) data were analyzed. Whole blood and serum Se levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lower-extremity performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and muscle weakness with a dynamometer. Incident mobility and agility limitations, and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were ascertained with standardized questionnaires. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, including physical activity. Results across studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Results Meta-analyzed odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per log2 increase in whole blood Se were 0.54 (0.32; 0.76) for weakness, 0.59 (0.34; 0.83) for impaired lower-extremity performance, 0.48 (0.31; 0.68) for mobility limitations, 0.71 (0.45; 0.97) for agility limitations, and 0.34 (0.12; 0.56) for disability in at least one IADL. Analyses for serum Se in NHANES showed similar results. Findings suggest the inverse association with grip strength is progressive below 140 μg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study = 0.13), and above 140 μg/L (p-value for non-linear trend in NHANES = 0.11). In the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort, with a 2.2 year follow-up period, a doubling in baseline Se levels were associated with a lower incidence of weakness [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.45 (0.22; 0.91)], impaired lower-extremity performance [0.63 (0.32; 1.23)], mobility [0.43 (0.21; 0.91)] and agility [0.38 (0.18; 0.78)] limitations. Discussion In US and Spanish older adults, Se concentrations were inversely associated with physical function limitations. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Carrasco-Rios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - R Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Sotos Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Gómez
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; National Center of Epidemiology. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Queipo
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine. School of Biomedical Sciences. Universidad Europea. Madrid, Spain
| | - P Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Tellez-Plaza
- National Center of Epidemiology. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - R Pastor-Barriuso
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; National Center of Epidemiology. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid. Spain; IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Sahni S, Dufour AB, Fielding RA, Newman AB, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Jacques PF. Total carotenoid intake is associated with reduced loss of grip strength and gait speed over time in adults: The Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 113:437-445. [PMID: 33181830 PMCID: PMC7851823 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower antioxidant serum concentrations have been linked to declines in lean mass and physical function in older adults. Yet population data on the effect of dietary antioxidants on loss of muscle strength and physical function are lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association of antioxidant intake [vitamin C, vitamin E, and total and individual carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin)] with annualized change in grip strength and gait speed in adults from the Framingham Offspring study. METHODS This prospective cohort study included participants with a valid FFQ at the index examination and up to 2 prior examinations and at ≥2 measures of primary outcomes: grip strength (n = 2452) and/or gait speed (n = 2422) measured over 3 subsequent examinations. Annualized change in grip strength (kg/y) and change in gait speed (m/s/y) over the follow-up period were used. Linear regression was used to calculate β coefficients and P values, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of participants was 61 ± 9 y (range: 33-88 y). Median intakes (IQR, mg/d) of vitamin C, vitamin E, and total carotenoid across available examinations were 209.2 (133.1-394.2), 27.1 (7.4-199.0), and 15.3 (10.4-21.3), respectively. The mean follow-up time was ∼12 ± 2 y (range: 4.5-15.4 y). In the sex-combined sample, higher intakes of total carotenoids, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin were associated with increased annualized change in grip strength [β (SE) per 10-mg higher intake/d, range: 0.0316 (0.0146) to 0.1223 (0.0603) kg/y)]. All antioxidants except for vitamin C were associated with faster gait speed [β (SE) per 10-mg higher intake/d, range: 0.00008 (0.00004) to 0.0187 (0.0081) m/s/y]. CONCLUSIONS Higher antioxidant intake was associated with increase in grip strength and faster gait speed in this cohort of adults. This finding highlights the need for a randomized controlled trial of dietary antioxidants and their effect on muscle strength and physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Lammi C, Arnoldi A. Food-derived antioxidants and COVID-19. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13557. [PMID: 33171544 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV), the pathogenic agent of COVID-19 disease, started to expand from Wuhan, China, on December 2019 and in 2 months, it spread worldwide giving origin to a pandemic. COVID-19 has a stronger transmission capacity by inhalation of infectious aerosols and after an incubation time of 3-14 days, it may be responsible for diseases ranging from the asymptomatic to fatal consequences. COVID-19 has emerged as a multifaceted, multisystem, multi-organ disorder, which produces its pathogenic effects through a quite ubiquitous target at the level of multiple organs and in which oxidative stress and inflammatory process play relevant roles. Thus, besides the development of a pharmacological therapy, in the field of alternative and coadjutant therapeutic, the use of dietary supplements or nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be a useful strategy. Herein, we specifically comment on some literature evidences, which link the food-derived antioxidants and metal-chelating agents with treatment and prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation that play a key role in the progression of COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key factors increasing COVID-19 severity especially in the presence of chronic diseases associated with the antioxidant system fragility. These evidences support the recommendation of antioxidants supplementation as useful strategies against COVID-19. In light with these observations, herein, a comment which describes the major antioxidants and metal-chelating agents from food sources that might be useful for the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science University of Milan Milan Italy
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30
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Boguszewska K, Karwowski BT. Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113364. [PMID: 33139613 PMCID: PMC7692274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients such as vitamins and trace elements are crucial for maintaining the health of all organisms. Micronutrients are involved in every cellular/biochemical process. They play roles in proper heart and brain functioning, influence immunological responses, and antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, prolonged deficiency in one or more micronutrients leads to cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. Keeping micronutrients at adequate levels is especially important for seniors. They are prone to deficiencies due to age-associated functional decline and often to a diet poor in nutrients. Moreover, lack of micronutrients has an indirect impact on the genome. Their low levels reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and therefore inhibit the efficiency of defense against free radicals which can lead to the formation of DNA lesions. The more DNA damage in the genetic material, the faster aging at the cellular level and a higher risk of pathological processes (e.g., carcinogenesis). Supplementation of crucial antioxidative micronutrients such as selenium, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E seems to have the potential to positively influence the condition of an aging organism, including minimizing inflammation, enhancing antioxidative defense, and limiting the formation of DNA lesions. In consequence, it may lead to lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and malnutrition. In this article, we attempt to present the synergistic action of selected antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc) for inhibiting oxidative stress and DNA damage, which may impede the process of healthy aging.
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31
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de Castro DLS, da Cunha Nascimento D, Orsano VSM, de Sousa Neto IV, Beal FLR, Stone W, Dos Santos Rosa T, Prestes J. Effect of high-velocity and traditional resistance exercise on serum antioxidants and inflammation biomarkers in older women: A randomized crossover trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111026. [PMID: 32717273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contrary to the production of oxidant and inflammation biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes decrease with age and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced. The effects of the different resistance exercise protocols to attenuate these conditions are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We compared the acute effects of traditional resistance exercise (TRE) and high velocity RE (HVRE) on inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant activity in elderly women. METHODS Fourteen elderly women (67 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to TRE or HVRE. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes at three time-points (pre-exercise, post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise). RESULTS TRE and HVRE induced acute reductions over time on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble receptor of IL-6 (sIL-6R), as well in catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels without differences between groups. In addition, TRE and HVRE groups displayed acute increments in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10/IL-6 ratio over time, while the HVRE protocol displayed higher IL-10 values post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise time points as compared with TRE. Based on magnitude based inference, subjects from the HVRE group demonstrated superior responsiveness for IL-6 and IL-10 as compared with the TRE group. All participants from the HVRE group displayed a minimal clinical important difference on IL-10 levels as compared to only two persons from the TRE group. CONCLUSION Both RE protocols were capable of positive changes in inflammatory and antioxidant status in elderly subjects, but HVRE demonstrated a superior response on IL-10. The HVRE may be incorporated to exercise recommendation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Center University of Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Lage Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Medicine School, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- School of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.
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32
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van Steenwijk HP, Bast A, de Boer A. The Role of Circulating Lycopene in Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194378. [PMID: 32977711 PMCID: PMC7582666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years, it has become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is involved in the onset and progression of many non-communicable diseases. Many studies have investigated the association between inflammation and lycopene, however, results have been inconsistent. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of circulating lycopene on inflammation and to investigate the effect of consuming tomato products and/or lycopene supplements on markers of inflammation. METHODS Eligible studies, published before March 2020, were identified from PubMed, EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect. Human studies published in English, that evaluated the effect of circulating lycopene in relation to inflammation biomarkers were screened and included. Studies assessing lycopene intake or general intake of carotenoids/antioxidants without measuring circulating lycopene, as well as those not reporting inflammation biomarkers as outcomes, were excluded. RESULTS Out of 80 publications identified and screened, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Results from 18 cross-sectional studies suggest that lycopene levels are adversely affected during inflammation and homeostatic imbalance. Most of the 17 included intervention studies reported increased circulating lycopene levels after tomato/lycopene supplementation, but almost no changes in inflammation biomarkers were observed. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence that increasing tomato intake or lycopene supplementation diminuates this inflammation. However, depletion of lycopene may be one of the first signs of low-grade inflammation. The available data thereby imply that it is beneficial to consume lycopene-rich foods occasionally to stay healthy and keep circulating lycopene at a basal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4-3388-3666
| | - Aalt Bast
- Campus Venlo, University College Venlo, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
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Perri G, Mendonça N, Jagger C, Walsh J, Eastell R, Mathers JC, Hill TR. Dietary Selenium Intakes and Musculoskeletal Function in Very Old Adults: Analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2068. [PMID: 32664662 PMCID: PMC7400825 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium is a trace element essential for health. Severe selenium deficiencies are associated with poor musculoskeletal (MSK) function. However, the effects of moderate deficiency on MSK function, especially in older adults, is unclear. Objectives: To determine the associations between selenium intake and MSK function in very old adults. Methods: Selenium intake at baseline and, hand-grip strength (HGS) and timed-up-and-go (TUG) at four phases over 5 years, were available in 791 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study, a community-based, longitudinal cohort of ≥85 year old individuals. We investigated relationships between selenium intake and HGS and TUG in cross-sectional analyses at baseline using multivariate analyses and, prospectively using linear mixed models to explore HGS and TUG changes over 5 years in association with baseline selenium intake. Results: At baseline, 53% of participants had selenium intakes that were classified as low. These individuals had 2.80 kg lower HGS and were 2.30 s slower performing the TUG, cross-sectionally. In multivariate, baseline analyses, selenium intake had no significant impact on HGS or TUG. Selenium intake had no significant effect on MSK function, prospectively. Conclusion: Low selenium intake is common among very old adults and, in cross-sectional analyses, is associated with poorer MSK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Nuno Mendonça
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS-UNL), 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK;
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - John C. Mathers
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Tom R. Hill
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1562. [PMID: 32471251 PMCID: PMC7352291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Trubetskay Str. 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Dingeo
- Independent Researcher, Val de Marne, 94999 Paris, France;
| | - Sofia Sosa Fernandez Del Campo
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
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Xiang S, Dai Z, Man C, Fan Y. Circulating Selenium and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in the General Population: a Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:55-62. [PMID: 31368032 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The association of circulating selenium level with mortality remains controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the association between elevated circulating selenium level and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population. PubMed and Embase databases (up to January 20, 2019) were searched for observational studies or post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the association between elevated circulating selenium level and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population. Twelve observational studies (ten cohort and two case-control studies) with a total of 25,667 individuals were included. Comparison with the lowest and the highest circulating selenium level showed that the pooled risk ratio (RR) values of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 1.36 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.18-1.58) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.13-1.62), respectively. When analyzed selenium level as a continuous variable, each standard deviation selenium increase significantly reduced 20% all-cause mortality risk. However, the lowest circulating selenium level was not associated with a high risk of coronary mortality (RR 1.43; 95% CI 0.93-2.19). This meta-analysis indicated that low circulating selenium level was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population. Low circulating selenium level did not confer significant effect on coronary death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Translational Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, No. 8 Dianli Road,, ZhenJiang, 212002, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Translational Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, No. 8 Dianli Road,, ZhenJiang, 212002, China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Translational Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, No. 8 Dianli Road,, ZhenJiang, 212002, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Translational Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, No. 8 Dianli Road,, ZhenJiang, 212002, China.
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Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Davioud-Charvet E, Mackrill J, Hermans N. Selenium Status in Elderly People: Longevity and Age-Related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1694-1706. [PMID: 31267854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701144709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is a trace element active in selenoproteins, which can regulate oxidative stress. It is generally perceived as an import factor for maintaining health in the elderly. METHODS The goal of this review is to discuss selenium concentration in biological samples, primarily serum or plasma, as a function of age and its relation with longevity. The elemental level in various age-related diseases is reviewed. CONCLUSION Highest selenium values were observed in healthy adults, while in an elderly population significantly lower concentrations were reported. Variables responsible for contradictory findings are mentioned. Risk and benefits of Se-supplementation still remain under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moleculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR7042 CNRSUnistra- UHA, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Nina Hermans
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Relationship between Selenium and Hematological Markers in Young Adults with Normal Weight or Overweight/Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100463. [PMID: 31597392 PMCID: PMC6826354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium deficiency has been linked to anemia of inflammation, which is mediated by hepcidin. However, there are few studies providing evidence of the role of hepcidin in this relationship. In this study, we investigated the interrelationships among selenium biomarkers, hepcidin concentration, and iron status among individuals with overweight/obesity compared to their normal weight counterparts, since obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. A total of 59 college students were recruited for this study. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of iron status, plasma selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and selenoprotein P (SEPP1)), and plasma hepcidin. Subjects completed three-day dietary records to determine average daily nutrient intakes. SEPP1 concentration, GPX activity, and iron status biomarkers (serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin concentration) were lower among individuals with overweight/obesity compared with individuals with normal weight, but these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Regression analysis showed that GPX activity (β = −0.018, p = 0.008) and SEPP1 concentration (β = −1.24, p = 0.03) were inversely associated with hepcidin concentration. The inverse association between selenoproteins and hepcidin concentration supports a potential role of hepcidin as a mediator between selenium and iron status and warrants further studies to better understand this relationship.
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Producing specialist poultry products to meet human nutrition requirements: Selenium enriched eggs. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nabuco HCG, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Sugihara Junior P, Cavalcante EF, Cunha PM, Antunes M, Nunes JP, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Burini RC, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effect of whey protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with sarcopenic obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:88-95. [PMID: 31221297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Obesity and sarcopenia are independent illnesses associated with contemporary dietary and physical activity behaviors, aggravated by aging. Their coexistence is termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). Hence, increasing protein intake and resistance training (RT) are interventions that could counteract these illnesses. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation associated with RT on body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and plasma-metabolism biomarkers in older women with SO. METHODS Twenty six sarcopenic (appendicular lean soft tissue ALST < 15.02 kg) obese (body fat mass ≥ 35%) older women were randomly assigned to receive daily, either 35 g of WP (WP group) or placebo (PLA group), combined with supervised RT (8 exercises, 3 × 8-12 rep, 3 times a week), during a 12-week protocol. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, functional capacity tests, the one repetition maximum (1RM) test, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. RESULTS The WP group presented greater (P < 0.05) increases in ALST (WP = 6.0% vs. PLA = 2.5%) and decreases in (P < 0.05) total (-3.3% vs. -0.3%) and trunk fat mass (WP = -5.1% vs. PLA = -1.1) and IL-6 (WP = -34.6% vs. PLA = 9.3%) compared with the PLA group. Both groups demonstrated improved (P < 0.05) scores for muscular strength, waist-hip ratio, functional capacity, and other plasma-metabolism biomarkers without significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION Whey protein combined with RT increased ALST, and decreased total and trunk fat mass, improving sarcopenia and decreasing SO in older women, with a limited impact on inflammation. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier n° NCT03752359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen C G Nabuco
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Highway BR-364, Km 329, Cuiabá, MT 78106-970, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil; Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sugihara Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Carlos Burini
- Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center, Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo 1499-002, Portugal.
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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Craddock JC, Neale EP, Peoples GE, Probst YC. Vegetarian-Based Dietary Patterns and their Relation with Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:433-451. [PMID: 30947338 PMCID: PMC6520040 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns with substantial proportions of energy from plant sources have been associated with favorable biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Less is known of the relation between vegetarian-based dietary patterns and markers of inflammation and immune status. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relation between vegetarian-based dietary patterns and inflammatory and immune markers (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor α, fibrinogen, natural killer cells, leukocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, interleukins, and immunoglobulins). PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane scientific databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for each outcome variable between vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups. Thirty observational and 10 intervention studies were included in the review. Pooled effects of vegetarian-based dietary patterns were associated with significantly lower concentrations of CRP (WMD: -0.61 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.32 mg/L; P = 0.0001), fibrinogen (WMD: -0.22 g/L; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.04 mg/L; P = 0.02), and total leukocyte (WMD: -0.62 × 10(3)/μL; 95% CI -1.13 × 10(3), -0.10 × 10(3)/μL; P = 0.02) compared with those following non-vegetarian dietary patterns in observational studies. Insufficient data were identified for a meta-analysis of intervention studies. This study provides evidence that vegetarian-based dietary patterns are associated with lowered serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and total leukocyte concentrations. Future research should focus on large-scale intervention trials, contrasting differences in inflammation and immune status and function between vegetarian and non-vegetarian-based populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Craddock
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Address correspondence to JCC (e-mail: )
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory E Peoples
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Lohman MC, Resciniti NV, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hébert JR. Obesity, Dietary inflammation, and Frailty among Older Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 38:18-32. [PMID: 30849025 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2018.1552226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge related to the relationship between obesity and frailty is limited. This study aimed to investigate associations between obesity, dietary inflammation, and frailty among older adults. Study data came from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) examinations of adults age ≥60 years (n = 7182). Dietary inflammatory potential was determined using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) derived from 24-h dietary recall. We analyzed independent and joint associations of obesity and DII with frailty to evaluate interaction. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that both obesity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.68, 2.99) and moderately pro-inflammatory DII (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.58) were independently associated with greater frailty prevalence. A negative multiplicative interaction between obesity and highest pro-inflammatory diet also was found (adjusted odds in non-obese and obese were 2.07 and 2.37, respectively; p = 0.046). Results indicate the importance of considering obesity and dietary inflammatory potential when screening for frailty or developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Lohman
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Nicholas V Resciniti
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James R Hébert
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
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Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E, Fadnes LT, Boffetta P, Greenwood DC, Tonstad S, Vatten LJ, Riboli E, Norat T. Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1069-1091. [PMID: 30475962 PMCID: PMC6250988 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High dietary intake or blood concentrations (as biomarkers of dietary intake) of vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality, but these associations have not been systematically assessed. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of dietary intake and blood concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E in relation to these outcomes. Design We searched PubMed and Embase up to 14 February 2018. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of random-effects models. Results Sixty-nine prospective studies (99 publications) were included. The summary RR per 100-mg/d increment of dietary vitamin C intake was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.98, I2 = 65%, n = 11) for coronary heart disease, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.98, I2 = 68%, n = 12) for stroke, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.94, I2 = 27%, n = 10) for cardiovascular disease, 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99, I2 = 46%, n = 8) for total cancer, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.94, I2 = 80%, n = 14) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding RRs per 50-μmol/L increase in blood concentrations of vitamin C were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.83, I2 = 0%, n = 4), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.81, I2 = 0%, n = 4), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.87, I2 = 56%, n = 6), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.82, I2 = 0%, n = 5), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.79, I2 = 0%, n = 8). Dietary intake and/or blood concentrations of carotenoids (total, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene) and α-tocopherol, but not dietary vitamin E, were similarly inversely associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and/or all-cause mortality. Conclusions Higher dietary intake and/or blood concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, and α-tocopherol (as markers of fruit and vegetable intake) were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality. These results support recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake, but not antioxidant supplement use, for chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - NaNa Keum
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lars T Fadnes
- Bergen Addiction Research Group, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Parohan M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:701-716. [PMID: 30239557 PMCID: PMC6247336 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of various dietary or circulating antioxidants with the risk of all-cause mortality in the general population have not been established yet. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus, from their inception up to October 2017. Prospective observational studies reporting risk estimates of all-cause mortality in relation to dietary intake and/or circulating concentrations of antioxidants were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Forty-one prospective observational studies (total n = 507,251) involving 73,965 cases of all-cause mortality were included. The RRs of all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest category of circulating antioxidant concentrations were as follows: total carotenes, 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.74); vitamin C, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.69); selenium, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.79); β-carotene, 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.70); α-carotene, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.78); total carotenoids, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.80); lycopene, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.97); and α-tocopherol, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.91). The RRs for dietary intakes were: total carotenoids, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.85); total antioxidant capacity, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.81); selenium, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85); α-carotene, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.94); β-carotene, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.86); vitamin C, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94); and total carotenes, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.97). A nonsignificant inverse association was found for dietary zinc, zeaxanthin, lutein, and vitamin E. The nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses demonstrated a linear inverse association in the analyses of dietary β-carotene and total antioxidant capacity, as well as in the analyses of circulating α-carotene, β-carotene, selenium, vitamin C, and total carotenoids. The association appeared to be U-shaped in the analyses of serum lycopene and dietary vitamin C. The present study indicates that adherence to a diet with high antioxidant properties may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results confirm current recommendations that promote higher intake of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parohan
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Zargar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Departments of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, Erdman JW, Johnson EJ. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:465-492. [PMID: 30032230 PMCID: PMC6054194 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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MacDonell SO, Miller JC, Harper MJ, Reid MR, Haszard JJ, Gibson RS, Houghton LA. A comparison of methods for adjusting biomarkers of iron, zinc, and selenium status for the effect of inflammation in an older population: a case for interleukin 6. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:932-940. [PMID: 29767675 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Older people are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, which can be under- or overestimated in the presence of inflammation. Several methods have been proposed to adjust for the effect of inflammation; however, to our knowledge, none have been investigated in older adults in whom chronic inflammation is common. Objective We investigated the influence of various inflammation-adjustment methods on micronutrient biomarkers associated with anemia in older people living in aged-care facilities in New Zealand. Design Blood samples were collected from 289 New Zealand aged-care residents aged >65 y. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron (TBI), plasma zinc, and selenium as well as the inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. Four adjustment methods were applied to micronutrient concentrations: 1) internal correction factors based on stages of inflammation defined by CRP and AGP, 2) external correction factors derived from the literature, 3) a regression correction model in which reference CRP and AGP were set to the maximum of the lowest decile, and 4) a regression correction model in which reference IL-6 was set to the maximum of the lowest decile. Results Forty percent of participants had elevated concentrations of CRP, AGP, or both, and 37% of participants had higher than normal concentrations of IL-6. Adjusted geometric mean values for serum ferritin, sTfR, and TBI were significantly lower (P < 0.001), and plasma zinc and selenium were significantly higher (P < 0.001), than the unadjusted values regardless of the method applied. The greatest inflammation adjustment was observed with the regression correction that used IL-6. Subsequently, the prevalence of zinc and selenium deficiency decreased (-13% and -14%, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas iron deficiency remained unaffected. Conclusions Adjustment for inflammation should be considered when evaluating micronutrient status in this aging population group; however, the approaches used require further investigation, particularly the influence of adjustment for IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue O MacDonell
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jody C Miller
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Michelle J Harper
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm R Reid
- Trace Element Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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46
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Retondario A, Fernandes R, Rockenbach G, Alves MDA, Bricarello LP, Trindade EBSDM, Vasconcelos FDAGD. Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. Clin Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29530547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome is a multi-causal disease. Its treatment includes lifestyle changes with a focus on weight loss. This systematic review assessed the association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Data were collected mainly from four databases: PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Scopus and Web of Knowledge. Keywords related to metabolic syndrome, selenium, as well as metabolic syndrome features were searched. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. A systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (n. 42016046321). Two reviewers independently screened 2957 abstracts. Six studies were included to perform data extraction with standardized spreadsheets. The risk of bias was assessed by using specific tools according to the design of the relevant studies. An assessment was carried out based on the appropriateness of the study reports accordingly to STROBE and the CONSORT-based checklist for each study design. RESULTS Three studies found no association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome; two of them found an inverse association; and one study found a direct association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. One study also showed an inverse association between Selenium intake and the prevalence of high waist circumference, high diastolic blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia in women. CONCLUSIONS Overall, based on the argumentation and results of this study, it is possible to conclude that Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome are not clearly associated in adults and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Retondario
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Rockenbach
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Nutrition Department, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariane de Almeida Alves
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, FAPESC [Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Liliana Paula Bricarello
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC, Portuguese Acronym for Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, CAPES [Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior] Scholarship, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Jing L, Xiao M, Dong H, Lin J, Chen G, Ling W, Chen Y. Serum Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with RBP4 and Other Inflammatory Markers in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030260. [PMID: 29495330 PMCID: PMC5872678 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Carotenoids may be inversely associated with inflammatory markers (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). However, data are scarce on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in humans. We examined the associations among serum carotenoids, RBP4 and several inflammatory markers in a Chinese population. (2) Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 3031 participants (68% males) aged 40-75 years in Guangzhou, China. Serum concentrations of carotenoids, RBP4, and inflammatory markers were measured. (3) Results: Generally, serum individual and total carotenoids were significantly and inversely associated with retinol-adjusted RBP4, RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1, and TNF-alpha levels. Age- and gender-adjusted partial correlation coefficients between total carotenoids and the above inflammatory markers were -0.129, -0.097, -0.159, -0.079, and -0.014 (all p < 0.01, except for TNF-alpha with p >0.05), respectively. The multivariate-adjusted values of partial correlation coefficients for these inflammation-related markers were -0.098, -0.079, -0.114, -0.090, and -0.079 (all p < 0.01), respectively. Among the individual carotenoids, those with the most predominant association were lutein-zeaxanthin and total carotenoids for retinol-adjusted RBP4 and RBP4, alpha- and beta-carotene for hsCRP, and alpha-carotene for MCP1 and TNF-alpha. No significant associations were observed for IL-6 and IL-1beta. (4) Conclusions: Serum carotenoids were inversely associated with RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1 and TNF-alpha among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Jing
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Mianli Xiao
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiesheng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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48
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Dewell A, Tsao P, Rigdon J, Gardner CD. Antioxidants from diet or supplements do not alter inflammatory markers in adults with cardiovascular disease risk. A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2018; 50:63-72. [PMID: 29540273 PMCID: PMC5858717 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects, but there is a lack of research comparing food to supplement antioxidant sources. The aim of this study was to determine if increases in intake of foods naturally rich in antioxidants would lower blood levels of inflammatory markers more than consuming antioxidant supplements among adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eighty-eight generally healthy adults with ≥1 elevated risk factor for cardiovascular disease were randomized in a single-blind (diets)/double-blind (supplements), parallel-group study for 8 weeks. Participants consumed (1) usual diet and placebo pills (n = 29), (2) usual diet and antioxidant supplements (n = 29), or (3) antioxidant-rich foods closely matched to antioxidant content of supplements and placebo (n = 30). Usual diet combined with antioxidant supplements or increased antioxidant-rich food intake was designed to approximately double daily habitual antioxidant intake. Antioxidant pills included carotenoids, mixed tocopherols, vitamin C, and selenium. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory marker concentrations of interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Participants in the intervention groups successfully doubled most antioxidants as verified by diet records and elevated blood concentrations in treatment groups. Baseline levels of inflammatory markers for the entire study group were 110 ± 65 pg/mL for monocyte chemotactic protein-1, 0.9 ± 0.7 pg/mL for interleukin-6, and 217 ± 56 ng/mL for soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (means ± standard deviation) and did not differ by treatment arm. After 8 weeks, there were no significant within-group changes or between-group 8-week change differences in inflammatory marker concentrations. In conclusion, no beneficial effects were detected on the inflammatory markers investigated in response to antioxidants from foods or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dewell
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA
| | - Philip Tsao
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph Rigdon
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA.
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49
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Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Takeuchi PL, Salles MSV, Saran-Netto A, Zanetti MA, Roma-Junior LC, Braga CBM, Domenici FA, Valim YML, Paschoalato ABP, Marchi LF, Azzolini AECS, Donadi EA, Martinez E, Vannucchi H. Effects of the Consumption of Milk Biofortified with Selenium, Vitamin E, and Different Fatty Acid Profile on Immune Response in the Elderly. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pfrimer
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Paula Lumy Takeuchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Márcia SV Salles
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran-Netto
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Marcus A Zanetti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Luiz C Roma-Junior
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda A Domenici
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Yara ML Valim
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Adriana BP Paschoalato
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Larissa F Marchi
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Ana ECS Azzolini
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Edson Martinez
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Helio Vannucchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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50
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Giovannini S, Onder G, Lattanzio F, Bustacchini S, Di Stefano G, Moresi R, Russo A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Selenium Concentrations and Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from IlSIRENTE Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:608-612. [PMID: 29717761 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium has a wide range of pleiotropic effects, influencing redox homeostasis, thyroid hormone metabolism, and protecting from oxidative stress and inflammation. Serum selenium levels are reduced in the older population. OBJECTIVES to investigate the association of serum selenium levels with all-cause mortality in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Data are from the 'Invecchiamento e Longevità nel Sirente' (Aging and Longevity in the Sirente geographic area, ilSIRENTE) study, a prospective cohort study that collected information on individuals aged 80 years and older living in an Italian mountain community (n=347). The main outcome was risk of death after ten years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Participants were classified according to the median value of selenium (105.3 μg/L) in two groups: high selenium and low selenium. RESULTS A total of 248 deaths occurred during a 10-year follow-up. In the unadjusted model, low levels of selenium was associated with increased mortality (HR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.85). After adjusting for potential confounders the relationship remained significant (HR, 0.71; 95% CI 0.54-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Low serum levels of selenium are associated with reduced survival in elderly, independently of age and other clinical and functional variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giovannini
- Silvia Giovannini, MD, PhD, Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences, and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Medicine, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy, E-mail: , Telephone: +390630154341, Fax: +39063051911
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