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Pham HT, Lanza ST, Claus ED, Heim CM, Noll JG, Shenk CE, Schreier HMC. Sex differences in the roles of nicotine use and puberty on youth C-reactive protein levels: Effects above and beyond adversity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100841. [PMID: 39252982 PMCID: PMC11381809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation likely mediates associations between nicotine use and negative health outcomes. Sex differences have been observed in nicotine use-inflammation links, and physiological processes during puberty might allow for these differences to arise. In this cross-sectional study of 498 youth (ages 8-13, 52% girls, 77% with history of child maltreatment (CM) investigation), sex-differentiated associations between self-reported nicotine use and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were explored. Additionally, self-reported pubertal stage was investigated as a moderator of such nicotine use-hs-CRP links. Hierarchical generalized estimating equation models were adjusted for a wide range of adversity effects: CM investigation history derived from state records, self- and caregiver-report of traumatic life events, adversity-related demographic risk factors (i.e., identification with historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, household income), and other characteristics that may influence the variables of interest (e.g., medication use, age, body mass index). Nicotine use had a negative main effect on hs-CRP among boys (β = -0.50, p = 0.02), and pubertal stage did not moderate this association (β = 0.06, p = 0.71). In contrast, pubertal stage moderated the association between nicotine use and hs-CRP among girls (β = 0.48, p = 0.02) such that a positive association between nicotine use and hs-CRP levels was stronger at more advanced pubertal stages (β = 0.45, SE = 0.21, 95% CI [0.03, 0.87]). Findings suggest that puberty may influence the effect of nicotine on inflammation in sex-differentiated ways and have implications for timing of prevention and treatment efforts geared toward reducing nicotine use and subsequent inflammation-related health risk among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly T Pham
- Department of Psychology, 239 Moore Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Christine M Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie G Noll
- Department of Psychology and Mount Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chad E Shenk
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Hannah M C Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
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Kazeminasab F, Miraghajani M, Mokhtari K, Karimi B, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. The effects of probiotic supplementation and exercise training on liver enzymes and cardiometabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:59. [PMID: 39090657 PMCID: PMC11293022 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver ailment worldwide, in which nonpharmacological strategies have a considerable role in the treatment. Probiotic supplementation as well as physical exercise can improve cardiometabolic parameters, but further research is needed to determine the effects of combined treatment versus exercise alone in managing NAFLD-associated biomarkers, primarily liver enzymes, lipid markers, and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation, combined with exercise versus exercise alone, on liver enzymes and cardiometabolic markers in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to April 2024. The search was restricted to articles published in the English language and human studies. Random effects models were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS Pooled estimates (9 studies, 615 patients, intervention durations ranging from 8 to 48 weeks) revealed that probiotics plus exercise decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) [WMD=-5.64 U/L, p = 0.02], gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [WMD=-7.09 U/L, p = 0.004], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [WMD=-8.98 mg/dL, p = 0.03], total cholesterol (TC) [WMD=-16.97 mg/dL, p = 0.01], and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [WMD=-0.94, p = 0.005] significantly more than exercise only. However, probiotics plus exercise did not significantly change high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [WMD = 0.07 mg/dL, p = 0.9], fasting insulin [WMD=-1.47 µIU/mL, p = 0.4] or fasting blood glucose (FBG) [WMD=-1.57 mg/dL, p = 0.3] compared with exercise only. While not statistically significant, there were clinically relevant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [WMD=-6.78 U/L, p = 0.1], triglycerides (TG) [WMD=-21.84 mg/dL, p = 0.1], and body weight (BW) [WMD=-1.45 kg, p = 0.5] for probiotics plus exercise compared with exercise only. The included studies exhibited significant heterogeneity for AST (I2 = 78.99%, p = 0.001), GGT (I2 = 73.87%, p = 0.004), LDL (I2 = 62.78%, p = 0.02), TC (I2 = 72.41%, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (I2 = 93.86%, p = 0.001), HDL (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.9), FBG (I2 = 66.30%, p = 0.01), ALT (I2 = 88.08%, p = 0.001), and TG (I2 = 85.46%, p = 0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity among the included studies for BW (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.9). CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation combined with exercise training elicited better results compared to exercise alone on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42023424290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatereh Mokhtari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Para Street, 1720, Umuarama. Block 2H, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
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Kazeminasab F, Miraghajani M, Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets, with and without caloric restriction, on inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:569-584. [PMID: 38499791 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have gained interest due to their favorable effects on health outcomes, such as inflammation. However, further research is needed to ascertain the overall effects of LCDs on inflammatory parameters, but at the same time considering weight loss and calorie intake. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was performed to investigate the effects of LCDs compared with low-fat diets (LFDs), with and without caloric restriction, on inflammatory markers in adults. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through March 2022 to select intervention studies addressing LCDs vs. LFDs, in which the following circulating inflammatory markers were used: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL-6). Analyses were conducted comparing LCDs vs. LFDs through weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using random effects models. The systematic review and meta-analysis included a total of 51 studies with a total sample of 4,164 adults, with or without other chronic diseases. Intervention durations ranged from 2-144 weeks. LCDs, compared with LFDs, significantly decreased body weight [WMD = -1.35%, p = 0.001], CRP [SMD = -0.1, p = 0.03], and IL-6 [SMD = -0.15, p = 0.09]. However, LCDs did not significantly decrease TNF-α [SMD = -0.02, p = 0.7] compared to LFDs. In conclusion, LCDs have a beneficial effect on markers of inflammation by decreasing CRP and IL-6; this effect has an association with weight loss. However, LCDs were not more effective than LFDs in decreasing TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Heitor O Santos
- Postgraduate Program, Faculdade UNIGUAÇU, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Shen W, Grzybowski A, Jin K, Ye J. Association between dietary inflammation index and cataract: a population-based study from NHANES 2005-2008. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379317. [PMID: 38638289 PMCID: PMC11024275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Various studies have widely explored the association between index of dietary inflammation (DII) and occurrence of diseases. Accumulating evidence have revealed that a lower DII seems to be protective against a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, the association between DII and age-related cataract remains unclear. Objective To investigate the correlation between DII and age-related cataract in a representative sample of the American population. Design setting and participants This cross-sectional population-based study comprised 6,395 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in cycles from 2005 to 2008. DII was calculated using dietary recall information, with higher scores indicating greater inflammatory potential of the diet. Age-related cataract was evaluated using cataract surgery as a surrogate measure. Covariates included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, physical measures, and comorbidities. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between DII and cataract. The presence of a non-linear relationship was examined using restricted cubic spline analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore potential interaction effects. Data analysis was performed from September 1 to December 30, 2022. Main outcomes and measures Age-related cataract assessed through cataract surgery information obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. Results A total of 6,395 participants were included, with a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 48.7 (15.3) years. Of these, 3,115 (48.7%) were male, 3,333 (52.1%) were non-Hispanic white, and 683 (10.7%) had cataract. The mean (SD) DII was -4.78 (1.74). After adjusting for all included covariates, DII showed a positive association with cataract, both as a continuous variable (odds ratio (OR): 1.054, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.007-1.103, p = 0.023) and in quartiles, with the highest quartile compared to the lowest (OR: 1.555, 95% CI: 1.233-1.967, p < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed no evidence of a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity 0.085). Subgroup analysis indicated no interaction effects among the studied covariates. Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet serves as a risk factor for the occurrence of cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyue Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kai Jin
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Social support and C-reactive protein in a Québec population cohort of children and adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268210. [PMID: 35731783 PMCID: PMC9216536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Robust evidence exists for the health-enhancing benefits of social support in adults. Inflammatory processes are thought to be an important mechanism linking social support and health risk. Less is known about the relation between social support and chronic inflammation during childhood and adolescence, or when the association emerges during the lifespan. Method Data from the population-representative 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social (QCAHS) survey were analyzed. Youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years (N = 3613) and their parents answered questions about social support. A subsample (n = 2186) completed a fasting blood draw that was assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP). Findings Higher social support was significantly associated with lower hs-CRPlog, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI Z-score), medication use, puberty, ethnoracial status (French-Canadian), smoking, household income, and parental education (F = 25.88, p = < .001, Total R2adj = 10.2%). The association was largely similar for boys and girls, and strengthened with age. Conclusion Greater social support was linked to lower chronic low-grade inflammation in a large sample of children and adolescents. Effect sizes were small and consistent with prior findings in the adult literature. Importantly, these findings provide evidence that the relation between social support and inflammation emerges early in the lifespan. Future work should consider broader, more encompassing conceptualizations of social support, the role of social media, and prospective trajectories of social support and inflammatory markers.
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Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Jousilahti P, But A, Joensuu A, Latvala A, Partonen T, Erlund I, Haukka J. Metabolomics profile of 5649 users and non-users of hormonal intrauterine devices in Finland. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:603.e1-603.e29. [PMID: 35697093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of hormonal intrauterine devices has grown during the last decades. Although the hormonal intrauterine devices act mostly via local effects on uterus, measurable concentrations of levonorgestrel are absorbed into the systemic circulation. The possible metabolic changes and large scale biomarker profiles associated with the hormonal intrauterine devices have not yet been studied in detail. OBJECTIVES To examine, through the metabolomics approach, the metabolic profile of the hormonal intrauterine device use, its associations as a function of the duration of use, as well as those with after discontinuation of the hormonal intrauterine device use. STUDY DESIGN The study consists of cross-sectional analyses of five population-based surveys (FINRISK and FinHealth studies), spanning 1997-2017. All fertile aged (18-49 years) participants in the surveys with available information on hormonal contraceptive use and metabolomics data (n=5649), were included in the study. Altogether 211 metabolic measures in users of hormonal intrauterine devices (n=1006) were compared to those in non-users of hormonal contraception (n=4643) via multivariable linear regression models. In order to allow the comparison across multiple measures, association magnitudes are reported in SD units of difference in biomarker concentration compared to the reference group. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, levels of 141 metabolites differed in current users of hormonal intrauterine devices compared to non-users of hormonal contraception (median difference in biomarker concentration: 0.09 SD): lower levels of particle concentration of larger lipoprotein subclasses, triglycerides, cholesterol and derivatives, apolipoproteins A and B, fatty acids, glycoprotein acetyls and aromatic amino acids. The metabolic pattern of the hormonal intrauterine device use did not change according to the duration of use. When comparing previous users and never-users of hormonal intrauterine devices, no significant metabolic differences emerged. CONCLUSIONS The use of hormonal intrauterine devices was associated with several moderate metabolic changes, previously associated with reduced arterial cardiometabolic risk. The metabolic effects were independent of the duration of use of the hormonal intrauterine devices. Moreover, the metabolic profiles were similar after discontinuation of the hormonal intrauterine devices and in never-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toffol
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna But
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lam PH, Chiang JJ, Chen E, Miller GE. Race, socioeconomic status, and low-grade inflammatory biomarkers across the lifecourse: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104917. [PMID: 33160231 PMCID: PMC7722477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are patterned by race and socioeconomic status, and chronic low-grade inflammation is proposed as a key underlying mechanism. Theories for how racial and socioeconomic disadvantages foster inflammation emphasize a lifecourse approach: social disadvantages enable chronic or repeated exposure to stressors, unhealthy behaviors, and environmental risks that accumulate across the lifecourse to increase low-grade inflammation. However, single samples rarely include multiple racial and socioeconomic groups that each span a wide age range, precluding examination of this proposition. To address this issue, the current study combined seven studies that measured C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, producing a pooled sample of 1650 individuals aged 11-60 years. We examined (a) whether race and socioeconomic disparities in inflammatory biomarkers vary across the lifecourse, (b) whether adiposity operates as a pathway leading to these disparities, and (c) whether any indirect pathways through adiposity also vary across the lifecourse. Relative to White individuals, Black individuals exhibited higher, whereas Asian individuals exhibited lower, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and adiposity accounted for these racial differences. Similarly, lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers via elevated adiposity. Importantly, both racial and socioeconomic disparities, as well as their pathways via adiposity, widened across the lifecourse. This pattern suggests that the impact of social disadvantages compound with age, leading to progressively larger disparities in low-grade inflammation. More broadly, these findings highlight the importance of considering age when examining health disparities and formulating conceptual models that specify how and why disparities may vary across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jessica J. Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306N White-Gravenor Hall, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington DC, 20057
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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Larsen B, Cox A, Colbey C, Drew M, McGuire H, Fazekas de St Groth B, Hughes D, Vlahovich N, Waddington G, Burke L, Lundy B, West N, Minahan C. Inflammation and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Athletes Before the Rio Olympic Games. Front Physiol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32523546 PMCID: PMC7261912 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between synthetic ovarian hormone use [i.e., the oral contraceptive (OC) pill] and basal C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood immune cell subsets, and circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in elite female athletes. Elite female athletes (n = 53) selected in Rio Summer Olympic squads participated in this study; 25 were taking an OC (AthletesOC) and 28 were naturally hormonally cycling (AthletesNC). Venous blood samples were collected at rest for the determination of sex hormones, cortisol, CRP, peripheral blood mononuclear memory and naïve CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. C-reactive protein concentrations were elevated (p < 0.001) in AthletesOC (median = 2.02, IQR = 3.15) compared to AthletesNC (median = 0.57, IQR = 1.07). No differences were reported for cortisol, cytokines, or PBMC immune cell subsets, although there was a trend (p = 0.062) for higher IL-6 concentrations in AthletesNC. Female Olympians had substantially higher CRP concentrations, a marker of inflammation and tissue damage, before the Rio Olympic Games if they used an OC. Future research should examine the potential consequences for athlete performance/recovery so that, if necessary, practitioners can implement prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Larsen
- Griffith Sports Physiology and Performance, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Cox
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Candice Colbey
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen McGuire
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Hughes
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Gordon Waddington
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louise Burke
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bronwen Lundy
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas West
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Minahan
- Griffith Sports Physiology and Performance, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the levels of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) among exclusive groups of waterpipe (WP) smokers, cigarette smokers, and nonsmokers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults, apparently healthy individuals, aged between 18 and 40 years of either gender. NLR and PLR as measures of systemic inflammation were studied in association with individuals' sociodemographic, health, and tobacco use related characteristics. The results of linear and logistic regression models were reported as crude and adjusted beta coefficients and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Out of 190 participants, 34.2% (n = 65) exclusively smoked WP, 32.6% (n = 62) smoked cigarettes, and 33.2% (n = 63) were nonsmokers. The mean NLR and PLR were significantly higher among WP smokers when compared with nonsmokers; however, the comparison between WP smokers and cigarette smokers for both NLR and PLR was not statistically significant. The odds of raised NLR was 4.40 times higher (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.97, 9.85), and the odds of raised PLR was 3.48 times higher (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.57) for WP smokers compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS WP smoking has a significant association with systemic inflammation as measured by NLR and PLR. The study and existing evidence implicate an urging need to regulate WP industry and its policies.
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Askarpour M, Karimi M, Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M, Javadian P. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2020; 126:154922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Oliveira-Santos J, Santos R, Moreira C, Abreu S, Lopes L, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Stratton G, Mota J. Associations between anthropometric indicators in early life and low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profile in adolescence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:783-792. [PMID: 31248718 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The long-term relations between excessive adiposity in early childhood and unfavourable cardiometabolic profiles in later ages are not yet completely understood. We aimed to assess the associations between birth weight (BW) and BMI from 6 months to 6 years of age, with biomarkers indicative of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Retrospective school-based study with 415 Portuguese adolescents (220 girls), mean age of 14.08 ± 1.6 years old. Anthropometric data from birth to 6 years old was extracted from individual child health book records. Actual weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Participants were classified at each time point as normal weight or overweight according to WHO reference values. Biomarkers were obtained from venous blood samples. Linear regressions were used to explore the associations between the biomarkers and early life anthropometric indicators. From 2 years onwards, BMI associated positively with the inflammatory score and HOMA-IR in adolescence. Children who were overweight/obese from 2 to 6 years of age presented significantly higher inflammatory score and HOMA-IR later in adolescence. TC/HDL ratio was also positively associated with BMI from the age of 5 years onwards. The associations between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes remained positive in adolescence, with overweight adolescents presenting a higher inflammatory score, HOMA-IR and TC/HDL than normal weight adolescents. CONCLUSION A high BMI from an early age was consistently associated with worse inflammatory and lipid profiles and insulin resistance in adolescence. No associations were found between BW and the same studied outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oliveira-Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - C Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - S Abreu
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - L Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - C Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health and Sciences, Klaipeda University, Lithuania
| | - G Stratton
- Research Centre in Applied Sports, Technology Exercise and Medicine, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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12
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Coheley LM, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Lewis RD. Dietary inflammatory index® and cortical bone outcomes in healthy adolescent children. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1645-1654. [PMID: 31143990 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diet is thought to modulate inflammation. This study shows no relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and biomarkers of inflammation or bone after adjusting for covariates. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was inversely associated with peripheral tibia cortical thickness and prospective childhood studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and to determine if there are long-term consequences in adulthood. INTRODUCTION Examine the relationships between the DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation in 290 adolescents, ages 9-13 years. METHODS DII-scores were calculated from 3-day diet records and categorized into tertiles, low (< - 1.34), medium (- 1.34 to 1.41), and high (> 1.41) inflammation. Radius and tibia bone were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT 2000) at the 66% site relative to the distal growth plate. Fasting serum was measured for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The relationships between DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation were assessed using bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for sexual maturation, sex, race, muscle cross-sectional area, and height. ANOVA/ANCOVA models were used to compare DII-tertiles with dependent variables. RESULTS DII-scores were negatively associated with tibia trabecular area (TtAr; r = - .141, P = .019), periosteal perimeter (PsPM; r = - .145, P = .016), endosteal perimeter (r = - .145, P = .016), strength strain index (SSI; r = - .129, P = .032), and radius TtAr (r = - .140, P = .020), PsPM (r = -.138, P = .027) and SSI (r = -.131, P = .036) but nullified when adjusting for covariates. Tibia PsPM was higher in the low DII group compared to the medium (P = .050) and high (P = .046) groups but nullified after controlling for covariates. DII-scores were not associated with TNF-α, VEGF, or IL-6, but were associated with MCP-1 only in the unadjusted model (r = .125, P = .042). In the adjusted model, MCP-1 was inversely associated with tibia cortical thickness (r = -.150 P = .030). CONCLUSION The DII-scores were not related to biomarkers of inflammation or bone; however, the biomarker of inflammation, MCP-1 was negatively associated with tibia CtTh. Future prospective pediatric studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and determine if there are long-term implications in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N Shivappa
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J R Hebert
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
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13
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Condon EM. Chronic Stress in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Biomarkers for Use in Pediatric Research. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:473-496. [PMID: 29865855 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418779214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Incorporating biomarkers of chronic stress into pediatric research studies may help to explicate the links between exposure to adversity and lifelong health, but there are currently very few parameters to guide nurse researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers of chronic stress for use in research with children and adolescents. METHODS Biomarkers of chronic stress are described, including primary mediators (glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and cytokines) and secondary outcomes (neurologic, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and anthropometric) of the chronic stress response. RESULTS Evidence of the use of each biomarker in pediatric research studies is reviewed. Recommendations for pediatric researchers, including selection of appropriate biomarkers, measurement considerations, potential moderators, and future directions for research, are presented. DISCUSSION A wide range of biomarkers is available for use in research studies with children. While primary mediators of chronic stress have been frequently measured in studies of children, measurement of secondary outcomes, particularly immune and metabolic biomarkers, has been limited. With thoughtful and theoretically based approaches to selection and measurement, these biomarkers present an important opportunity to further explore the physiologic pathways linking exposure to chronic stress with later health and disease. CONCLUSION The incorporation of chronic stress biomarkers into pediatric research studies may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms through which stressful environments "get under the skin" and ultimately inform efforts to promote health and reduce inequities among children exposed to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Condon
- 1 Yale School of Nursing, West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, USA
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Higgins S, Forehand RL, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Moderate, but not vigorous, intensity exercise training reduces C-reactive protein. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:283-290. [PMID: 28847205 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1364832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprint interval cycle training is a contemporary popular mode of training but its relative efficacy, under conditions of matched energy expenditure, to reduce risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is incompletely characterised, especially in young women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative efficacy of six weeks of moderate-intensity cycling (MOD-C) and vigorous sprint-interval cycling (VIG-SIC) on lipid profile, insulin (INS) and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in inactive, overweight/obese (OW/OB) young women. METHODS Participants (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥88 cm) were randomly assigned to MOD-C (20-30 min at 60-70% of heart rate reserve(HRR)) or VIG-SIC (5-7 repeated bouts 30-second maximal effort sprints, followed by four minutes of active recovery) supervised training three days/week for six weeks, with each group matched on energy expenditure. Adiposity (%Fat) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Forty-four participants (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 65.9% Caucasian, 29.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. The improvement in CRP observed in the MOD-C group was larger than the VIG-C group (p = .034). Overall, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels improved following training (p < .05); however, total cholesterol, triglyceride, INS and HOMA-IR did not improve (p > .05). CONCLUSION These results indicate MOD-C training may be more effective in reducing CRP than VIG-SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Hathaway
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen M. Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Miyoshi N, Tanigawa T, Nishioka S, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Tanaka K, Saito I, Yamazaki K, Miyake Y. Association of salivary lactate dehydrogenase level with systemic inflammation in a Japanese population. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:487-494. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyoshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - T. Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Nishioka
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
- Ehime Dental Association; Ehime Japan
| | - K. Maruyama
- Department of Public Health; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - E. Eguchi
- Department of Public Health; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - I. Saito
- Department of Basic Nursing and Health Science; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - K. Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection; Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Y. Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
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16
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Levine CS, Hoffer LC, Chen E. Moderators of the relationship between frequent family demands and inflammation among adolescents. Health Psychol 2017; 36:493-501. [PMID: 28192001 PMCID: PMC5398934 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frequent demands from others in relationships are associated with worse physiological and health outcomes. The present research investigated 2 potential moderators of the relationship between frequency of demands from one's family and inflammatory profiles among adolescents: (a) closeness of adolescents' relationships with their families, and (b) the frequency with which adolescents provided help to their families. METHOD Two hundred thirty-four adolescents, ages 13-16 (Mage = 14.53; 47.83% male), completed a daily dairy in which they reported on the frequency of demands made by family members. They were also interviewed about the closeness of their family relationships and reported in the daily diary on how frequently they provided help to their families. Adolescents also underwent a blood draw to assess low-grade inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial stimulation. RESULTS More frequent demands from family predicted higher levels of low-grade inflammation and cytokine production in response to bacterial stimulation in adolescents. Family closeness moderated the relationship between frequent demands and stimulated cytokine production such that more frequent demands predicted higher cytokine production among adolescents who were closer to their families. Furthermore, frequency of providing help moderated the relationship between frequent demands and both low-grade inflammation and stimulated cytokine production, such that more frequent demands predicted worse inflammatory profiles among adolescents who provided more help to their families. CONCLUSIONS These findings build on previous work on family demands and health to show under what circumstances family demands might have a physiological cost. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S. Levine
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lauren C. Hoffer
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
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Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Higgins S, Das BM, Forehand RL, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Interactive associations of physical activity, adiposity, and oral contraceptive use on C-reactive protein levels in young women. Women Health 2017; 58:129-144. [PMID: 28277157 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2017.1292341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most frequently used type of birth control among young women. OC-users have higher C-reactive protein (CRP) values, an indicator of systemic inflammation, than do non-OC-users. In addition, adiposity (percent fat) is positively associated with CRP, and physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with CRP. The present study determined the interactive associations of PA, percent fat, and OC-use with CRP. Data were collected during 2012-2015 at the University of Georgia. Objective PA was measured via pedometers. Percent fat was measured via dual X-ray absorptiometry. The current OC-use was self-reported. High-sensitivity (hs) CRP was determined using venipuncture. Multivariate linear regression determined the interactive associations of percent fat, OC-use, and PA with hs-CRP. Participants (n = 247; mean age 18.9 ± 1.4 years, 60.7 percent white) accumulated a mean of 10,075.7 ± 3,593.4 steps/day. One-third of participants were categorized as overweight/obese by BMI (mean = 24.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2, mean percent fat = 35.2 ± 6.8). The current OC-use was reported by 26.2 percent of the sample (n = 61). A significant three-way interaction (β = 0.01, p = .03) indicated that higher PA was associated with lower hs-CRP in non-OC-users with higher percent fat, but not among OC-users with higher percent fat. These results highlight the need to measure and account for the current OC-use in studies examining the relationship between PA and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fedewa
- a Department of Kinesiology , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama , USA.,b Department of Kinesiology , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hathaway
- a Department of Kinesiology , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama , USA.,e University of Tennessee at Chattanooga , Chattanooga , Tennessee , USA
| | - Simon Higgins
- b Department of Kinesiology , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Bhibha M Das
- b Department of Kinesiology , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA.,c Department of Kinesiology , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Ronald L Forehand
- d University Health Center, The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Michael D Schmidt
- b Department of Kinesiology , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Ellen M Evans
- b Department of Kinesiology , The University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia , USA
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18
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Czajkowska A, Mazurek K, Wiśniewski A, Kęska A, Tkaczyk J, Krawczyk K, Pałka M, Mazurek T. Insufficient physical activity increases cardiovascular risk in women with low birth mass. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bhk-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between low birth mass and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a cardiovascular risk factor in young women with various levels of physical activity.
Materials and methods: 102 female students aged 19.7 ± 0.8 (18.6-23.0) were included. The study group was divided according to the declared physical activity: high physical activity (HPA, n = 69) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 33). Anthropometric indices were measured: body mass, height, hip and waist circumference. hsCRP levels were obtained from venous blood samples. Birth body mass (BBM) and birth height were collected from medical documentation.
Results: Women with low BBM and LPA had a significantly higher concentration of hsCRP than women with low BBM and HPA, as well as women with normal BBM.
Conclusions: Low birth mass together with low physical activity is a strong predictor of raised concentration of hsCRP, which correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Regular physical activity in women with low birth mass may prevent an increased hsCRP concentration, and as a result decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czajkowska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mazurek
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Kęska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Pałka
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- I Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw , Poland
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Shattuck-Heidorn H, Reiches MW, Prentice AM, Moore SE, Ellison PT. Energetics and the immune system: Trade-offs associated with non-acute levels of CRP in adolescent Gambian girls. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2017:27-38. [PMID: 28003312 PMCID: PMC5381351 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The human immune system is an ever-changing composition of innumerable cells and proteins, continually ready to respond to pathogens or insults. The cost of maintaining this state of immunological readiness is rarely considered. In this paper we aim to discern a cost to non-acute immune function by investigating how low levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) relate to other energetic demands and resources in adolescent Gambian girls. Methodology: Data from a longitudinal study of 66 adolescent girls was used to test hypotheses around investment in immune function. Non-acute (under 2 mg/L) CRP was used as an index of immune function. Predictor variables include linear height velocity, adiposity, leptin, and measures of energy balance. Results: Non-acute log CRP was positively associated with adiposity (β = 0.16, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.17) and levels of the adipokine leptin (β = 1.17, P = 0.006, R2 = 0.09). CRP was also negatively associated with increased investment in growth, as measured by height velocity (β = −0.58, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.13) and lean mass deposition β = −0.42, P = 0.005, R2 = 0.08). Relationships between adiposity and growth explained some, but not all, of this association. We do not find that CRP was related to energy balance. Conclusions and implications: These data support a hypothesis that investment in non-acute immune function is facultative, and sensitive to energetic resources and demands. We also find support for an adaptive association between the immune system and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith W Reiches
- 1. Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- 2. MRC Unit, The Gambia & MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- 2. MRC Unit, The Gambia & MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Peter T Ellison
- 1. Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
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20
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Quist JS, Sjödin A, Chaput JP, Hjorth MF. Sleep and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 29:76-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Caminiti C, Armeno M, Mazza CS. Waist-to-height ratio as a marker of low-grade inflammation in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:543-51. [PMID: 26887032 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic of childhood obesity is associated with early atherosclerosis. Several reports have related this event to low-grade inflammation described in obesity. CRP and IL6 are markers that correlate with adiposity. The waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) is an anthropometric marker associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between WtHR, metabolic complications and pro-inflammatory factors in obese children and adolescents. METHODS Weight, height, waist circumference, glycemia, insulin, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in the baseline sample in 280 patients 6-19 years of age with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) and 112 normal-weight controls. Logistic regression was performed using WtHR as an independent variable. p>0.05 STATA11. RESULTS Mean WtHR was 0.6±0.06 in OW/OB and 0.43±0.02 in controls (p<0.01). WtHR was increased in 93% of the OW/OB vs. 2% of the controls. In the OW/OB inflammatory markers were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to the controls (CRP 2.2 vs. 0.8; Il-6 2.9 vs. 2.1; and TNF-α 6.2 vs. 5.5). In the WtHR>0.5, insulin resistence and inflammatory markers were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to the WtHR<0.5 (HOMA 3.4 vs. 1.4; CRP 2.3 vs. 0.6; Il-6 2.9 vs. 2.1; and TNF-α 6.4 vs. 5.55). In logistic regression, a significant independent association was found between WtHR with CRP (OR1.47), IL6 (OR1.60) and TNF-α (OR1.79). CONCLUSIONS Obese children and adolescents have high inflammatory markers that may increase cardiovascular risk. WtHR is associated with low-grade inflammation and may be considered a relevant anthropometric marker in the clinical practice.
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Kelstrup L, Dejgaard TF, Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, Vestergaard H, Damm P. Levels of the inflammation marker YKL-40 in young adults exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 114:50-4. [PMID: 27103369 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of the inflammatory marker YKL-40 were investigated in 597 adult offspring born to women with and without diabetes during pregnancy. No association between fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and levels of YKL-40 was found. However, female sex and increasing BMI in the offspring were associated to YKL-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kelstrup
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, 4031, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas F Dejgaard
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Tine D Clausen
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, 4031, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital Hilleroed, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Elisabeth R Mathiesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 1, 1st floor, DIKU, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 1, 1st floor, DIKU, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, 4031, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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do Prado Junior PP, de Faria FR, de Faria ER, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Priore SE. Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [PMID: 26572104 PMCID: PMC4795720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppede.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. Results: Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. Conclusions: The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.
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do Prado Junior PP, Faria FRD, Faria ERD, Franceschini SDCC, Priore SE. [Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2016; 34:38-46. [PMID: 26572104 PMCID: PMC4795720 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. METHODS Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. RESULTS Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.
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Wegner A, Elsenbruch S, Rebernik L, Roderigo T, Engelbrecht E, Jäger M, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Benson S. Inflammation-induced pain sensitization in men and women: does sex matter in experimental endotoxemia? Pain 2015; 156:1954-1964. [PMID: 26058036 PMCID: PMC4770336 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A role of the innate immune system is increasingly recognized as a mechanism contributing to pain sensitization. Experimental administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes a model to study inflammation-induced pain sensitization, but all existing human evidence comes from male participants. We assessed visceral and musculoskeletal pain sensitivity after low-dose LPS administration in healthy men and women to test the hypothesis that women show greater LPS-induced hyperalgesia compared with men. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, healthy men (n = 20) and healthy women using oral contraceptives (n = 20) received an intravenous injection of 0.4 ng/kg body weight LPS or placebo. Pain sensitivity was assessed with established visceral and musculoskeletal pain models (ie, rectal pain thresholds; pressure pain thresholds for different muscle groups), together with a heartbeat perception (interoceptive accuracy) task. Plasma cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) were measured along with state anxiety at baseline and up to 6-hour postinjection. Lipopolysaccharide application led to significant increases in plasma cytokines and state anxiety and decreased interoceptive awareness in men and women (P < 0.001, condition effects), with more pronounced LPS-induced cytokine increases in women (P < 0.05, interaction effects). Although both rectal and pressure pain thresholds were significantly decreased in the LPS condition (all P < 0.05, condition effect), no sex differences in endotoxin-induced sensitization were observed. In summary, LPS-induced systemic immune activation leads to visceral and musculoskeletal hyperalgesia, irrespective of biological sex. These findings support the broad applicability of experimental endotoxin administration as a translational preclinical model of inflammation-induced pain sensitization in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wegner
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Rebernik
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Till Roderigo
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Engelbrecht
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kluzek S, Arden NK, Newton J. Adipokines as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with acute knee injury. Biomarkers 2015; 20:519-25. [PMID: 26006054 PMCID: PMC4819580 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.948914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review considers adipokines as predictive biomarkers for early onset post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Serum concentrations of leptin and resistin can predict radiographic changes and are elevated in early KOA, with higher leptin concentrations independently associated with more severe knee changes. Plasma concentrations of resistin are chronically elevated after injury. Leptin, resistin, chemerin and vistfatin induce catabolic enzymes associated with cartilage degeneration. Available literature on adipokines in post-traumatic KOA pathogenesis suggests that they could contribute to risk prediction of early onset post-traumatic KOA. Further research is needed to further understand the association between adipokines, synovitis and long-term outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kluzek
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics , Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- b Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK , and.,c MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit , University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton , UK
| | - Julia Newton
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics , Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Esmaillzadeh A. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet affects inflammation in childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2015; 64:20-7. [PMID: 24686130 DOI: 10.1159/000358341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet on inflammation in childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) have still to be identified. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the DASH diet on markers of systemic inflammation in adolescents with MetS. METHODS In this randomized, cross-over clinical trial, 60 postpubescent girls with MetS were randomly assigned to receive either the DASH diet menu cycles or usual dietary advice (UDA) for 6 weeks. After a 4-week washout period, participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. The DASH diet was designed to maintain the current body weight. This diet contained high amounts of fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and was low in saturated fats and cholesterol. UDA consisted of general oral advice and written information about healthy food choices based on the Healthy Eating Plate. Compliance to the DASH diet was assessed through quantification of plasma vitamin C levels. Fasting venous blood samples were taken 4 times from each participant: at baseline and at the end of each study arm. Circulating levels of biomarkers of systemic inflammation were quantified according to standard protocols. RESULTS Mean (SD) age and weight of participants was 14.2 years (1.7) and 69 kg (14.5), respectively. Serum vitamin C levels tended to increase during the DASH phase compared with the UDA phase (16.8 ± 12.9 vs. -13.8 ± 9.7 ng/dl, respectively, p = 0.06) indicating a relatively good compliance to the DASH diet. Adherence to the DASH diet, compared to the UDA, had a significant effect on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.002). This effect remained significant even after adjustment for weight changes and after further controlling for changes in lipid profiles. We did not observe any significant effect of intervention on levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and adiponectin, in either the crude or adjusted models. There were no significant group*time interactions for any dependent variable, except for IL-6; this was close to the significant level. CONCLUSION In summary, consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 6 weeks may reduce circulating levels of hs-CRP among adolescents with MetS. Other inflammatory markers were not affected by the DASH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Murphy MLM, Slavich GM, Chen E, Miller GE. Targeted rejection predicts decreased anti-inflammatory gene expression and increased symptom severity in youth with asthma. Psychol Sci 2015; 26:111-21. [PMID: 25564524 DOI: 10.1177/0956797614556320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although responses to different stressors are sometimes assumed to be similar, recent research has demonstrated that certain types of stress, such as targeted rejection, are particularly potent. To test such associations in a chronic-disease model, we examined how noninterpersonal, interpersonal, and targeted-rejection major life events predicted changes in gene expression and symptom severity in 121 youths with asthma who were assessed every 6 months for 2 years. Youths who had recently experienced targeted rejection had lower messenger RNA expression for signaling molecules that control airway inflammation and obstruction (specifically, the glucocorticoid receptor and β2-adrenergic receptor) than youths who had not experienced targeted rejection. These associations were specific to targeted rejection and stronger for youths higher in subjective social status. Higher-status youths exposed to targeted rejection (but not other types of stress) also reported more asthma symptoms. These data demonstrate stressor-specific associations with molecular-signaling pathways and the severity of asthma, and they suggest that threats to the social self may be particularly deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Bennett NR, Ferguson TS, Bennett FI, Tulloch-Reid MK, Younger-Coleman NOM, Jackson MD, Samms-Vaughan ME, Wilks RJ. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein is Related to Central Obesity and the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Jamaican Young Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2014; 1:12. [PMID: 26664862 PMCID: PMC4668855 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and is associated with CVD risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. This study evaluated the association between hsCRP and CVD risk factors among Afro-Caribbean young adults in Jamaica. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Jamaica 1986 Birth Cohort Study. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007 when participants were 18-20 years old. All participants completed an interviewer administered questionnaire and had anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements performed. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, lipids, and hsCRP. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with high hsCRP. RESULTS Analyses included 342 men and 404 women with mean age 18.8 ± 0.6 years. Approximately 15% of the participants had high risk hsCRP (>3 mg/L), with a higher prevalence among women (20 vs. 9%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of elevated hsCRP increased with body mass index category, high waist circumference (WC), high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein, and lower parental education among women, but only for high WC and lower parental education among men. In logistic regression models controlling for sex and parental education, high WC was associated with significantly higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 7.8, 95% CI 4.8-12.9, p < 0.001). In a similar model, high hsCRP was also associated with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Compared to participants with no metabolic syndrome component, having one metabolic syndrome component was associated with a twofold higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.8, p = 0.005), while having three components was associated with a 14-fold higher odds of high hsCRP (OR 13.5, 95% CI 2.4-76.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High hsCRP is common among Jamaican young adults and is strongly associated with central obesity and the number of metabolic syndrome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R Bennett
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Trevor S Ferguson
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Franklyn I Bennett
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Novie O M Younger-Coleman
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Maria D Jackson
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Maureen E Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Rainford J Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
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Hall MH, Lee L, Matthews KA. Sleep duration during the school week is associated with C-reactive protein risk groups in healthy adolescents. Sleep Med 2014; 16:73-8. [PMID: 25468623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of short sleep duration in adolescence and the relevance of early risk factors to cardiovascular disease in adulthood suggest that adolescence is an opportune time to evaluate links between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease risk. We examined associations among actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and sleep debt with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. METHODS Participants were 244 (56% Black, 48% male) healthy high school students, each of whom wore wrist actigraphs for one week and provided a fasting blood draw. CRP was examined as both a continuous and categorical outcome, with CRP >3 mg/L identifying a High Risk Group. RESULTS Sleep duration and sleep debt were significantly associated with CRP High Risk Group in covariate-adjusted analyses. Shorter sleep duration on school nights was associated with a greater likelihood of being in the High Risk CRP Group. Likelihood of being in the High Risk CRP Group was doubled in students who obtained an average of two or more hours of "catch up" sleep on weekend nights. CONCLUSIONS Reduced weekday sleep duration and sleep debt were both associated with CRP Risk Group in adolescence. That these relationships may be observed prior to the onset of clinical disease suggests that adolescence may provide an opportune period for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Laisze Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Low-grade inflammation disrupts structural plasticity in the human brain. Neuroscience 2014; 275:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Le-Ha C, Beilin LJ, Burrows S, Oddy WH, Hands B, Mori TA. Gender and the active smoking and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein relation in late adolescence. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:758-64. [PMID: 24577623 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p045369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), smoking, and oral contraceptive (OC) use are associated with CVD risk in adults. This study examines the effect of smoking on high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels, and the interactive effects of sex and OC use on this relationship in an adolescent cohort. A total of 1,050 adolescents (mean age 17 ± 0.25 years) from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study had anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic measures recorded. The association between smoking status and log-transformed hs-CRP was analyzed using multivariable Tobit linear regression models, with adjustment for adiposity, lifestyle, and early-life confounders. A three-level variable (girls not using OCs, girls using OCs, and boys) was employed to assess the interactive effects of sex, OC use, and smoking. Smoking associated with higher hs-CRP levels in girls not using OCs (b = 0.571; P = 0.001), but not in girls using OCs (b = -0.117; P = 0.598) or in boys (b = 0.183; P = 0.2). OC use in nonsmoking girls was the strongest factor associated with higher hs-CRP levels (b = 1.189; P < 0.001). This study has demonstrated a more robust effect of smoking on hs-CRP levels in girls not using OCs compared with boys. The findings may explain why CVD risk conferred by smoking is higher in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Le-Ha
- Royal Perth Hospital Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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McEneny J, Blair S, Woodside JV, Murray L, Boreham C, Young IS. High-density lipoprotein subfractions display proatherogenic properties in overweight and obese children. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:279-83. [PMID: 23884162 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, obesity-driven inflammation can lead to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, information regarding childhood obesity and its inflammatory sequelae is less well defined. Serum amyloid-A (SAA) is an inflammatory molecule that rapidly associates with high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and renders them dysfunctional. Therefore, SAA may be a useful biomarker to identify increased CVD potential in overweight and obese children. METHODS Young Hearts 2000 is a cross-sectional cohort study in which 92 children who were obese were matched for age and sex with 92 overweight and 92 lean children. HDL(2) and HDL(3) (HDL(2&3)) were isolated from plasma by a three-step rapid-ultracentrifugation procedure. SAA was measured in serum and HDL(2&3) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure, and the activities of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin cholesteryl acyltransferase (LCAT) were measured by fluorimetric assays. RESULTS Trends across the groups indicated that SAA increased in serum and HDL(2&3) as BMI increased, as did HDL(2)-CETP and HDL(2)-LCAT activities. CONCLUSION These results have provided evidence that overweight and obese children are exposed to an inflammatory milieu that impacts the antiatherogenic properties of HDL and that could increase CVD risk. This supports the concept that it is important to target childhood obesity to help minimize future cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health, Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Murphy MLM, Slavich GM, Rohleder N, Miller GE. Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 1:30-40. [PMID: 23638342 DOI: 10.1177/2167702612455743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social difficulties during adolescence influence life-span health. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we examined whether a noxious social event, targeted rejection (TR), influences the signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, which is implicated in a number of health problems. For this study, 147 adolescent women at risk for developing a first episode of major depression were interviewed every 6 months for 2.5 years to assess recent TR exposure, and blood was drawn to quantify leukocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inhibitor of κB (I-κB) and the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Participants had more NF-κB and I-κB mRNA at visits when TR had occurred. These shifts in inflammatory signaling were most pronounced for adolescents high in perceived social status. These findings demonstrate that social rejection upregulates inflammatory gene expression in youth at risk for depression, particularly for those high in status. If sustained, this heightened inflammatory signaling could have implications for life-span health.
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Imtiaz F, Shafique K, Mirza SS, Ayoob Z, Vart P, Rao S. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as a measure of systemic inflammation in prevalent chronic diseases in Asian population. Int Arch Med 2012; 5:2. [PMID: 22281066 PMCID: PMC3277482 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preliminary evidence has suggested the role of inflammation in development and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Most of the prognostic studies failed to account for the effects of co-morbid conditions as these might have raised the systemic inflammation. We used neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a measure of systemic inflammation and investigated its association with prevalent chronic conditions. Methods Present study is a cross sectional study conducted on population of Karachi, Pakistan. A detailed questionnaire about the demographic details of all subjects was filled and an informed consent obtained for blood sampling. Multinomial regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between NLR and prevalent chronic conditions. Results 1070 apparently healthy individuals participated in the study. Proportion of individuals with hypertension was higher in middle and highest tertile of NLR as compared to the lowest tertile (18.2% & 16.1% compared to 11.8%). Individuals with hypertension were 43% (RRR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.94-2.20) and 66% (RRR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.54) more likely to be in the middle and highest tertile of NLR respectively compared to the baseline group. Similarly, individuals with diabetes mellitus were 53% (RRR = 1.53, 95% CI 0.93-2.51) and 65% (RRR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.71) more likely to be in the middle or highest tertile of NLR as compared to the baseline NLR group. Conclusions Systemic inflammation measured by NLR has a significant association with prevalent chronic conditions. Future research is needed to investigate this relationship with longitudinal data to establish the temporal association between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Imtiaz
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Yang Z, Wen J, Li Q, Tao X, Ye Z, He M, Zhang W, Huang Y, Chen L, Ling C, Qu S, Hu R. PPARG gene Pro12Ala variant contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in middle-aged and older Chinese population. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:255-9. [PMID: 21939732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) heterozygous mice and Pro12Ala (C/G) polymorphism in PPARG exhibited increased resistance to oxidative stress. Smoking increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which could accelerates oxidative stress under overnutrition. To explore whether the C/G polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking, may promote the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver, a case-control study was performed in 903 Chinese subjects. Among the study population, 436 patients with B-mode ultrasound-proven NAFLD (318 with steatosis hepatis I°, 90 with steatosis hepatis II° and 28 with steatosis hepatis III°) and 467 controls were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. After adjusting for confounders, the C/C genotype significantly associated with NAFLD (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.13-2.85, p=0.009); smoking was also an independent risk factor for NAFLD (OR=1.69, 95%CI 1.18-2.43, p=0.025). In addition, we found possible synergistic effects, the higher risk group (smokers with the C/C genotype) showed 3.75 times higher risk of NAFLD than the low-risk group (non-smokers with C/G genotype) in a multiple logistic analysis after adjusting for the confounders (p<0.001), but no departure from additivity was found. Our results indicated that the C/C genotype and smoking were significant independent risk factors for NAFLD. The possible synergistic effects of genotype and smoking may promote the development of NAFLD by aggravating oxidative stress, which supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China.
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Martinez-Gomez D, Eisenmann JC, Healy GN, Gomez-Martinez S, Diaz LE, Dunstan DW, Veiga OL, Marcos A. Sedentary behaviors and emerging cardiometabolic biomarkers in adolescents. J Pediatr 2012; 160:104-10.e2. [PMID: 21839464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and television (TV) viewing time with emerging inflammatory and endothelial function markers in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This study comprised 183 adolescents (88 girls), aged 13 to 17 years. Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometry, whereas TV viewing time was self-reported. White blood cell counts and levels of C-reactive protein, complement factors C3 and C4, interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured in fasted blood samples. RESULTS Sedentary time was not significantly associated with any of the examined cardiometabolic markers after controlling for potential confounders. However, TV viewing time was positively associated with soluble endothelial adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (standardized β = 0.19, P = .008), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (β = 0.17, P = .020), L-selectin (β = 0.18, P = .013), and E-selectin (β = 0.16, P = .023) concentrations, after controlling for sex, age, pubertal status, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, body mass index, and total sedentary time. CONCLUSIONS High TV viewing time may play a key role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases through the cell adhesion molecules in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
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Martinez-Gomez D, Eisenmann JC, Gomez-Martinez S, Hill EE, Zapatera B, Veiga OL, Marcos A. Sleep duration and emerging cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescents. The AFINOS Study. Sleep Med 2011; 12:997-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Leiva A, Pardo F, Ramírez MA, Farías M, Casanello P, Sobrevia L. Fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction as an early phenomenon in the programming of human adult diseases in subjects born from gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity in pregnancy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:349286. [PMID: 22144986 PMCID: PMC3226353 DOI: 10.1155/2011/349286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity in pregnancy (OP) are pathological conditions associated with placenta vascular dysfunction coursing with metabolic changes at the fetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium. These alterations are seen as abnormal expression and activity of the cationic amino acid transporters and endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoform, that is, the "endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling pathway." Several studies suggest that the endogenous nucleoside adenosine along with insulin, and potentially arginases, are factors involved in GDM-, but much less information regards their role in OP-associated placental vascular alterations. There is convincing evidence that GDM and OP prone placental endothelium to an "altered metabolic state" leading to fetal programming evidenced at birth, a phenomenon associated with future development of chronic diseases. In this paper it is suggested that this pathological state could be considered as a metabolic marker that could predict occurrence of diseases in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus (including gestational diabetes), and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Ernst GD, de Jonge LL, Hofman A, Lindemans J, Russcher H, Steegers EA, Jaddoe VW. C-reactive protein levels in early pregnancy, fetal growth patterns, and the risk for neonatal complications: the Generation R Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:132.e1-12. [PMID: 21575931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the associations of maternal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with fetal growth and the risks of neonatal complications. STUDY DESIGN CRP levels were measured in early pregnancy in 6016 women. Main outcome measures were fetal growth in each trimester and neonatal complications. RESULTS As compared to the reference group (CRP levels<5 mg/L), elevated maternal CRP levels (≥25 mg/L) were associated with lower estimated fetal weight in third trimester and lower weight at birth (differences: -29 g, 95% confidence interval [CI], -58 to 0 and -128 g, 95% CI, -195 to -60, respectively). Elevated maternal CRP levels were also associated with an increased risk of a small size for gestational age in the offspring (adjusted odds ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.61-5.36). CONCLUSION Maternal CRP levels in early pregnancy are associated with fetal growth restriction and increased risks of neonatal complications.
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Vérier CMP, Duhamel A, Béghin L, Diaz LE, Warnberg J, Marcos A, Gómez-Martínez S, Manios Y, De Henauw S, Sjöström M, Moreno LA, Kersting M, Breidenassel C, Molnar D, Artero EG, Ferrari M, Widhalm K, Turck D, Gottrand F. Breastfeeding in infancy is not associated with inflammatory status in healthy adolescents. J Nutr 2011; 141:411-7. [PMID: 21248197 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.128249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that breast-feeding (BF) may be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. A low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in apparently healthy children. The objective of this study was to assess the potential modulating effect of BF on the inflammatory status of healthy adolescents. Information on BF (duration) was obtained from parental records in 484 of 1040 healthy European urban adolescents (56.4% females) that had a blood sample obtained as part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition and Adolescence study. Blood serum inflammatory markers were measured, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein, complement factors 3 and 4, ceruloplasmin, adhesion molecules (L-selectin and soluble endothelial selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1), cytokines, TGFβ1, and white blood cells. After univariate analysis, a propensity score, including the potential confounding factors, was computed and used to assess the association between BF and selected inflammatory markers. BF was not significantly associated with any of the selected inflammatory markers after adjustment for gender and propensity score. In our study, BF was not associated with low-grade inflammatory status in healthy adolescents, suggesting that the potential cardiovascular benefits of BF are related to other mechanisms than modulation of inflammation or might become relevant at a later age. Groups at high risk for cardiovascular disease should be a target for further research concerning the effects of BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M P Vérier
- Inserm U995, IFR114, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, Lille 59037, France
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Singhal N, Misra A, Shah P, Gulati S, Bhatt S, Sharma S, Pandey RM. Impact of intensive school-based nutrition education and lifestyle interventions on insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index, and subclinical inflammation among Asian Indian adolescents: a controlled intervention study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 9:143-50. [PMID: 21118028 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess the impact of intensive and repetitive nutrition education and lifestyle interventions on insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index (DI), and subclinical inflammation in Asian Indian adolescents (15-17 years) residing in North India. METHOD In this prospective study, two matched schools were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 56; 31 boys and 25 girls) or control group (n = 50; 30 boys and 20 girls). The intervention consisted of seven components: (1) Dissemination of health-related information through lectures and focused group discussions, (2) planning of activities such as quizzes, (3) individual counseling of students, (4) promotion of physical activity, (5) change in the canteen menu to healthier alternatives, (6) conducting health camps involving parents and teachers, and (7) training of student volunteers for sustainability of the program in school. Impact of intervention was studied on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, β-cell function, disposition index, and subclinical inflammation. RESULTS At 6 months follow-up, significantly higher (P = 0.037) mean value of homeostasis model assessment denoting β-cell function (HOMA-βCF) was seen in the intervention group compared to the control group, whereas high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly lowered (P < 0.001). The increase (30.3 ± 73.4; P < 0.037) observed in the DI in adolescents in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. The Pearson's coefficient of correlation in the intervention group showed that the Δ-decrease in mean waist circumference was significantly correlated (r = 0.267, P < 0.05) with Δ-decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). CONCLUSION The intervention model developed by us could be used for amelioration of insulin resistance with potential of preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singhal
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, SDA, New Delhi, India
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