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Luo L, Xu R, Mu F, Li H, Liu Y, Gao J, Wu Y, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu Y. The interaction between TMEM161B (rs768705) and paranoid personality traits in relation to the risk of major depressive disorder: Results form a longitudinal study of 7642 Chinese freshmen. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:171-177. [PMID: 39147160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rs768705 (TMEM161B) is one of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Paranoid personality traits are independently associated with the risk of MDD. This study aimed to investigate the interaction effect between rs768705 (TMEM161B) and paranoid personality traits on the new-onset risk of MDD in Chinese freshmen. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted among 7642 Chinese freshmen without lifetime MDD at baseline in 2018. 158 new-onset MDD cases were ascertained in 2019. DNA samples were extracted to detect the genotype of rs768705. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV criteria were used to determine MDD and personality disorder traits. Multiplicative interaction was assessed by logistic regression models. Tomas Andersson's method for calculating biological interactions was used to estimate the additive interaction. RESULTS Rs768705(AG) (OR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.24-2.83) and paranoid personality traits (OR = 3.68, 95 % CI: 2.57-5.26) were significantly associated with the risk of MDD. The multiplicative interaction model with the product term of rs768705 and paranoid personality trait traits had a significant interaction effect (OR = 4.20, 95 % CI:1.62-10.91). There was also a significant additive interaction effect (RR = 7.08, 95 % CI:4.31-11.65) for the incidence of MDD. Seventy seven percent patients among new MDD cases were attributed to the additive interaction effect between rs768705 and paranoid personality traits. CONCLUSIONS Rs768705 (AG) may interact with paranoid personality traits to increase the incidence of MDD among Chinese college students. Schools and psychosocial health organizations should pay more attention to individuals with paranoid personality traits for MDD intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Luo
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Xu
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fuqin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hanyun Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianhua Gao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Kejin Wang
- The First Senior Middle School of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Zhang J, Peng C, Chen C. Mental health and academic performance of college students: Knowledge in the field of mental health, self-control, and learning in college. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104351. [PMID: 38905949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of mental health on the academic performance of junior and senior students studying in a university setting during the 2022-2023 academic year, in the post-COVID period. The study was conducted in Beijing, China, with the participation of 600 students, including 300 first-year students and 300 fifth-year students. DASS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) questionnaires were employed to measure mental health. The DASS assesses symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while the PHQ-9 specifically evaluates depression severity. Academic performance was evaluated using a 12-point scale, which incorporated various criteria such as exam scores, coursework performance, and participation in extracurricular activities. The research was conducted across five faculties of the university from 2022 to 2023. In the study, fifth-year students demonstrated a higher level of mental health compared to first-year students, with an average DASS score of 27.1 and 24.2, respectively. Interestingly, despite this, first-year students achieved higher academic performance indicators, with an average score of 8.2 compared to 9.8 in fifth-year students. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between stress, depression, and anxiety levels with academic performance (stress: r = -0.25, p < 0.001; depression: r = -0.20, p = 0.003; anxiety: r = -0.18, p = 0.008). These findings highlight the critical importance of addressing students' mental well-being, particularly in later academic years. Recommendations include implementing support programs and developing online resources for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou, China
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Economics and Trade, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou, China.
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Huang R, Li Y, Gong M, Zhang W, Xian S, Tang J, Lu B, Yang Y, Jin M, Qian W, Liu Z, Ma H, Wu X, Yin H, Liu X, Zhang C, Du E, Lin Q, Huang Z, Lin M, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ji S. Good learning environment of medical schools is an independent predictor for medical students' study engagement. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1299805. [PMID: 39144657 PMCID: PMC11322046 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1299805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Study engagement is regarded important to medical students' physical and mental wellbeing. However, the relationship between learning environment of medical schools and the study engagement of medical students was still unclear. This study was aimed to ascertain the positive effect of learning environment in study engagement. Methods We collected 10,901 valid questionnaires from 12 medical universities in China, and UWES-S was utilized to assess the study engagement levels. Then Pearson Chi-Square test and Welch's ANOVA test were conducted to find the relationship between study engagement and learning environment, and subgroup analysis was used to eradicate possible influence of confounding factors. After that, a multivariate analysis was performed to prove learning environment was an independent factor, and we constructed a nomogram as a predictive model. Results With Pearson Chi-Square test (p < 0.001) and Welch's ANOVA test (p < 0.001), it proved that a good learning environment contributed to a higher mean of UWES scores. Subgroup analysis also showed statistical significance (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, we could find that, taking "Good" as reference, "Excellent" (OR = 0.329, 95%CI = 0.295-0.366, p < 0.001) learning environment was conducive to one's study engagement, while "Common" (OR = 2.206, 95%CI = 1.989-2.446, p < 0.001), "Bad" (OR = 2.349, 95%CI = 1.597-3.454, p < 0.001), and "Terrible" (OR = 1.696, 95%CI = 1.015-2.834, p = 0.044) learning environment only resulted into relatively bad study engagement. Depending on the result, a nomogram was drawn, which had predictive discrimination and accuracy (AUC = 0.680). Conclusion We concluded that learning environment of school was an independent factor of medical student's study engagement. A higher level of learning environment of medical school came with a higher level of medical students' study engagement. The nomogram could serve as a predictive reference for the educators and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanan Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqiong Gong
- Office of Educational Administration, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingnan Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijin Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglin Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Ma
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongyou Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Erbin Du
- Frist Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhao Ji
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Key Techniques for Treatment of Burns and Combined Burns and Trauma Injury, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Regli J, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Rigotti V, Stanga Z, Ülgür II, Fichter C, Lang UE, Brühl AB, Brand S. Psychiatric Characteristics, Symptoms of Insomnia and Depression, Emotion Regulation, and Social Activity among Swiss Medical Students. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4372. [PMID: 39124639 PMCID: PMC11313248 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Almost by default, young adult students are at increased risk of suffering from mental health issues, and this holds particularly true for medical students. Indeed, compared to the general population and non-medical students, medical students report higher scores for symptoms of depression. For Swiss medical students, research on the associations between psychiatric characteristics and symptoms of depression and insomnia, including cognitive-emotional processes and social activity, has been lacking so far. Given this, the aims of the present study were to relate self-declared psychiatric characteristics to symptoms of depression, insomnia, emotion regulation, and social activity. Methods: A total of 575 medical students (mean age: 22.4 years; 68.9% females) completed an online survey covering sociodemographic information (age and gender), study context (year of study), self-declared psychiatric characteristics and symptoms of depression, insomnia, emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal vs. emotion suppression), and social activity. Data on insomnia sum scores and categories of historical samples (862 non-medical students and 533 police and emergency response service officers) were used for comparison. Results: Of the 575 participants, 190 participants (33%) self-declared psychiatric issues, such as major depressive disorder; anxiety disorders, including PTSD and adjustment disorders; eating disorders; ADHD; or a combination of such psychiatric issues. Self-reporting a psychiatric issue was related to higher symptoms of depression and insomnia and lower symptoms of social activity and cognitive reappraisal (always with significant p-values and medium effect sizes). Compared to historical data for non-medical students and police and emergency response service officers, medical students reported higher insomnia scores. In a regression model, current self-declared psychiatric issues, female gender, higher scores for insomnia, and lower scores for social activity were associated with higher scores for depression. Conclusions: Among a sample of Swiss medical students, the occurrence of self-declared psychiatric issues was associated with higher scores for depression and insomnia and lower cognitive reappraisal and social activity. Further, insomnia scores and insomnia categories were higher when compared to non-medical students and to police and emergency response service officers. The data suggest that medical schools might introduce specifically tailored intervention and support programs to mitigate medical students' mental health issues. This holds particularly true for insomnia, as standardized and online-delivered treatment programs for insomnia (eCBTi) are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Regli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Viola Rigotti
- Outpatient Medical Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (Z.S.); (I.I.Ü.)
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, University Hospital, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Ismail I. Ülgür
- Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (Z.S.); (I.I.Ü.)
| | - Christian Fichter
- Department of Psychology, Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Adult Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Annette B. Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disturbances, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disturbances, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
- Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Mohamed R, Naina-Mohamed I, Kumar J, Teh N. Smoking prevalence, exposure to secondhand smoke, and factors associated with smoking among medical, dental, and pharmacy students in a public university in Malaysia. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-124. [PMID: 38973784 PMCID: PMC11225099 DOI: 10.18332/tid/185751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking among medical, dental, and pharmacy students is an issue in every university worldwide, which will impact future smoking cessation services as they are future healthcare providers. This study investigates the smoking prevalence, exposure to secondhand smoke, and factors associated with smoking among medical, dental, and pharmacy students at a public university in Malaysia. METHODS The self-administered online survey utilized in this cross-sectional study was derived from the Global Health Professions Students Survey (GHPSS), which involved medical, dental, and pharmacy students. A total of 328 participants completed a questionnaire from June to August 2022, with a response rate of 91.1%. RESULTS The overall smoking prevalence was 4.6% among the medical, dental, and pharmacy students who participated in this study; 46.7% of current smokers were exposed to secondhand smoke at home compared to 17.6% of non-smokers (p=0.011); and 66.7% of smokers were exposed to secondhand smoke in public compared to 40.3% of non-smokers (p=0.043). In all, 99.1% of respondents supported the smoking ban and 46.7% of current smokers supported the smoking ban in discos/bars/pubs, compared to 82.0% of non-smokers (p=0.002). Of the participants, 96.6% received lessons on the danger of tobacco, and 65.5% received smoking cessation training. Among factors associated with current smoking was gender; male students had a 19-fold higher likelihood of smoking than female students (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=19.25; 95% CI: 4.25-87.19, p<0.001). In addition, home exposure to secondhand smoke was four times more common for current smokers (OR=4.11; 95% CI: 1.43-11.79, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Although smoking prevalence was low among the students in this study, there was a higher percentage of them exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidi Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina-Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nadzmi Teh
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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7
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Gunsalus KTW, Mixon JK, House EM. Medical Nutrition Education for Health, Not Harm: BMI, Weight Stigma, Eating Disorders, and Social Determinants of Health. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2024; 34:679-690. [PMID: 38887425 PMCID: PMC11180054 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-024-02025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Effective nutrition training is fundamental to medical education. Current training is inadequate and can cause harm to students and patients alike; it leaves physicians unprepared to counsel on nutrition, places undue focus on weight and body mass index (BMI), can exacerbate anti-obesity bias, and increase risk for development of eating disorders, while neglecting social determinants of health and communication skills. Physicians and educators hold positions of influence in society; what we say and how we say it matters. We propose actionable approaches to improve nutrition education to minimize harm and pursue evidence-based, effective, and equitable healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearney T. W. Gunsalus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA USA
| | - Jordan K. Mixon
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA USA
| | - Ellen M. House
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA USA
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Fadel NM, Stoner A, Berreta K, Wilson A, Ridgeway LM, Biber D, Garner HR. A Process Evaluation of a Mobile App for Medical Students Aimed at Increasing Resilience and Decreasing Stigma in Mental Health. Cureus 2024; 16:e63054. [PMID: 39050291 PMCID: PMC11268794 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to conduct a process evaluation of a mental health and wellness mobile health (mHealth) application for medical students designed to increase resilience and decrease mental health stigma. METHODS The customized application, MindfulMEDS, was developed with peer-focused interactive modules specific to medical students within an existing system called Sharpen®. The Sharpen® system contains an extensive library of didactic and experiential mental health and wellness content built specifically to promote evidence-based protective factors for resilience. A mixed-methods approach including surveys and focus groups assessed participant resiliency, perception of mental health within the context of medical school, and evaluation of the app. Assessments were conducted at baseline (n = 66), six months (n = 30), and one year (n = 24). Demographic information was collected once at baseline as a part of the initial survey. Results: A total of 215 users were registered in MindfulMEDS, consumed 83 courses, and engaged in 1,428 "connect clicks" to community resources and crisis-response supports. Resilience levels did not change significantly between surveys; however, a significant decrease in the perception of mental health stigma associated with utilizing mental health resources was observed. Focus group participants (n = 11) reported the screening tools to be useful, encouraged expansion, and suggested additional reminders to access the app to increase engagement. CONCLUSION Findings of this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of implementing MindfulMEDS (an mHealth app focused on mental health and wellness) among medical students. Students found the app experience valuable, accessed mental health screeners embedded within the app, utilized the app to seek help, and engaged with the app to learn more about mental health. There was also a decrease in mental health stigma observed during the course of the study. Based on these results, we propose that medical schools incorporate mobile-based technology into their mental health support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Fadel
- Psychiatry and Neuro-Behavioral Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, USA
| | - Alexis Stoner
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, USA
| | | | | | - Lindsey M Ridgeway
- Student Affairs, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Carolinas Campus, Spartanburg, USA
| | - Duke Biber
- Health Sciences, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, USA
| | - Harold R Garner
- Bioinformatics, Proposed Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine (IlliniosCOM) at The Chicago School, Chicago, USA
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Chen Q, Mao C, Qi L, Luo Y, Yang G, Wang L, Liu C, Zheng C, Zhang J, Fan C. Music-based therapeutic interventions for medical school students with emotional regulation and mental health: a pre-post cohort study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401129. [PMID: 38882516 PMCID: PMC11179727 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health challenges among college students. Music therapy has shown effectiveness in addressing depressive symptoms and enhancing psychosomatic functioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 4-step structured music therapy program in improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety among medical school students. Materials and methods The self-controlled study involved 45 medical school students (21 men and 24 women) aged 18-24 years to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety, common mental health issues among medical school students. Participants underwent psychological assessment using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). An 8-week music therapy intervention, comprising four steps-sociality, interaction, music lessons, and creative expression-was administered. Results Before-intervention, 55.6% and 15.6% students were identified as suffering from depression and anxiety respectively. Post-intervention, significant reductions in psychological distress, particularly in the Global Severity Index (GSI) and Positive Symptom Total (PST) on the SCL-90 scale, were observed (P < 0.05). Male students exhibited notable improvements in various psychological symptoms compared to females. Junior grade students demonstrated greater improvements, and clinical medicine students exhibited significant enhancements in specific areas post-intervention. Conclusion The structured music therapy program showed promising results in improving mood and regulating emotions among medical school students. Music therapy holds potential as a holistic approach to address mental health challenges in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Laihua Qi
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyao Yang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu Y, Shen Q, Duan L, Xu L, Xiao Y, Zhang T. The relationship between childhood psychological abuse and depression in college students: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:410. [PMID: 38816793 PMCID: PMC11141024 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) are highly correlated with depression among college students, but the underlying mechanisms between variables need further exploration. This study aims to investigate internet addiction as a mediating factor and alexithymia as a moderating factor, in order to further elucidate the potential risk factors between CPA and depression among college students. METHODS A self-report survey was conducted among 1196 college students from four universities in three provinces in China. The survey included measures of CPA, internet addiction, alexithymia, and depression. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, and a moderated mediation model was constructed. RESULTS CPA was positively correlated with depression among college students, as well as internet addiction with alexithymia. Internet addiction partially mediated the relationship between CPA and depression among college students, while alexithymia strengthened the relationships among the paths in the moderated mediation model. CONCLUSION This study provides further insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between CPA and depression among college students. Internet addiction serves as a mediating factor in this relationship, while alexithymia may enhance the strength of the relationships among the three variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Qingxin Shen
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Liangfan Duan
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongxiang Xiao
- School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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11
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Mendola M, Masi F, Castiglione R, Soriano A, Zazou S, Tonelli F, Carrer P. Mental Disorders Among Healthcare Students Attending a Large University Hospital in Milan, Italy. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2024; 115:e2024009. [PMID: 38686578 PMCID: PMC11181219 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v115i2.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence rates, treatment difficulties, and tendency to become chronic, which subsequently affects personal and occupational functioning, make mental health disorders among the most important public health concerns. In this context, healthcare university students (HS) appear to be more vulnerable to psychological distress than others. OBJECTIVE Investigate the prevalence of diagnosed mental illness among different groups of HS to detect students who may be psychologically vulnerable and determine whether the implementation of support interventions is necessary. METHODS All HS who had a clinical examination performed by an occupational physician at our occupational health unit between 2021 and 2022 were included in our case series. Data were collected and analyzed as part of the occupational physicians' health surveillance program. RESULTS out of 679 HS (507 females, 172 males, aged 22.2±3.9 mean±s.d) undergone clinical examination at our Occupational Health Unit, 36 (5.3%) reported a diagnosed psychiatric illness, and 20 were receiving pharmacological therapy at the time of the visit. A higher prevalence of psychological disorders has been highlighted in females (6.1% vs 2.9% in males) and students of the mental health sector (11.1%) when compared with others. A fit-to-work judgment with prescription was necessary for 16.7% of students with mental diseases. The presence of psychiatric disorders was associated with underweight (27.8%) and higher smoking habit (44.4%). CONCLUSIONS These results underline the necessity of improving the current health surveillance protocols, which should also evaluate students' psychological fragility and implement effective intervention strategies to promote their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mendola
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Masi
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Soriano
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Safi Zazou
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Tonelli
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrer
- Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Alsalman Z, Shafey MM, Al-Khofi A, Alessa J, Bukhamsin R, Bokhuwah M, Aljumaiah R, Al-Makhaitah N, Almaslami M. Barriers to mental health service utilisation among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1371628. [PMID: 38680929 PMCID: PMC11055457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical students experience high levels of stress, often due to academic demands, which can adversely affect their mental health. However, they frequently hesitate to seek and underutilise available mental health services. This study aimed to assess the perceived need for mental health services and identify the barriers to seeking help among undergraduate medical students. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study recruited 480 undergraduate medical students from two main universities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online, self-administered questionnaire that encompassed sections on sociodemographic details, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), perceptions about the necessity for professional mental health care, service utilisation over the past year, and the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE-III). Results The study found that 33.6% of the participants showed signs of depression. Even though 42.5% expressed a perceived need for mental health services, only 16.2% actually utilised these services in the previous 12 months. In terms of barriers, attitudinal-related barriers received the highest mean score, followed by stigma- and instrumental-related barriers. Notably, students who had previously experienced academic failure and those who had sought mental health services were more inclined to report stigma- and instrumental-related barriers. Conclusion Mental health challenges are notably prevalent among undergraduate medical students. Although there is a significant perceived need for professional mental health intervention, the actual utilisation rate remains low. The primary obstacles to seeking assistance are attitudinal and stigma-related barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaenb Alsalman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Shafey
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Al-Khofi
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Alessa
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Bukhamsin
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bokhuwah
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryhana Aljumaiah
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maryam Almaslami
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Di Vincenzo M, Arsenio E, Della Rocca B, Rosa A, Tretola L, Toricco R, Boiano A, Catapano P, Cavaliere S, Volpicelli A, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:575. [PMID: 38674221 PMCID: PMC11052230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (S.C.)
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14
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Wan J, Liu F. Analysis of the Psychological Factors Faced by the Final Year College Students of China During Job Interviews and While Choosing Careers. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2024; 53:24. [PMID: 38446244 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-024-10045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Career choice research has attracted the attention of recruiters and young graduates. The study aims to investigate the psychological factors that influence college students' employment choices. As a result, data for the study were gathered from 250 final-year college students in China via an online questionnaire survey. The study identified the psychological barriers faced by college students during job interviews through interviews with 120 h recruiters. The SPPS tool is used for data analysis. The study identified personal interest, self-efficacy, and self- esteem; social responsibilities; confidence; professional development opportunities; and future orientation as the important psychological factors that influence the career choice of college students. The study also found that the barriers faced by the college students during the interview were anxiety, inferiority complex, cowardice, and pride. Therefore, the study suggests that the college provides job-oriented training for college students' employment choices. The college should take the initiative to provide students with career opportunities and proper training to avoid psychological barriers during interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Graduate School, Cavite State University, Cavite, Philippines.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Foreign Studies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
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15
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Chaabane S, Chaabna K, Khawaja S, Aboughanem J, Mittal D, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4656. [PMID: 38409132 PMCID: PMC10897338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances like poor and insufficient sleep are common among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries; however, the extent of medically defined sleep disorders (SDs) remains unclear. This meta-analysis determines SD prevalence and identifies associated factors among medical students in the MENA. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included studies were searched (latest search: June 2022). Meta-analyses included 22 studies and were performed using random-effect models. Included studies used self-reported screening tools for assessing SDs and then estimated the proportion of participants at high risk of developing a SD. Central disorders of hypersomnolence were the most prevalent SD [prevalencepooled range: 30.9% (Jordan) to 62.5% (Saudi Arabia)], followed by insomnia disorders [prevalencepooled range: 30.4% (Jordan) to 59.1% (Morocco)], circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders [prevalencepooled range: 13.5% (Jordan) to 22.4% (Saudi Arabia)], sleep-related breathing disorders [prevalencepooled range: 12.2% (Jordan) to 22.5% (Pakistan)], sleep-related movement disorders [prevalencepooled range: 5.9% (Egypt) to 30.6% (Saudi Arabia)], and parasomnias [prevalencepooled range: 5.6% (Jordan) to 17.4% (Saudi Arabia)]. Female sex, studying in the latter academic years, having anxiety, excessive internet use, and poor academic performance were significantly associated with SDs. SDs are prevalent among MENA medical students. Implementing student-centered interventions targeting high risk groups in medical schools should be considered to improve students' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salina Khawaja
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jasmine Aboughanem
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dhruv Mittal
- Intern, Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box. 24144, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Holdroyd I, Bywaters P, Duschinsky R, Drayak T, Taylor J, Coughlan B. Fathers' mental Ill-health and child maltreatment: A systematic review of the literature. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2024; 157:107317. [PMID: 38333718 PMCID: PMC10847972 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Parental mental ill-health is often described as a risk factor for child maltreatment. Yet the literature commonly foregrounds maternal mental ill-health. To obtain a more complete picture, it is crucial to also understand the associations between fathers' mental health and child maltreatment. Aim To provide a narrative synthesis of evidence about the relationship between fathers' mental health and child maltreatment. Method Four electronic databases were searched, identifying 5479 citations. 151 studies were brought to full-text review. 37 were included in the study. Results Studies revealed mixed evidence for associations between forms of paternal mental ill health and child maltreatment, with stronger evidence for paternal depression and weak or no evidence for PTSD and anxiety. Many confounding factors were identified across the papers. Discussion The small number and limited range of good quality studies indicate the need to correct the relative invisibility of fathers within research about mental health and child maltreatment. At present, the available evidence is not sufficient to draw firm conclusions about the association between fathers' mental health and child maltreatment or appropriate policy and practice responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holdroyd
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Bywaters
- Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Robbie Duschinsky
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Barry Coughlan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
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17
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Wiguna T, Dirjayanto VJ, Maharani ZS, Faisal EG, Teh SD, Kinzie E. Mental health disturbance in preclinical medical students and its association with screen time, sleep quality, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:85. [PMID: 38297243 PMCID: PMC10832144 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affected by various hurdles during COVID-19, preclinical medical students are at an elevated risk for mental health disturbances. However, the effects of modern mental health problems on preclinical medical students have not been adequately researched. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the proportions and implications of current mental health problems for depression, sleep quality and screen time among Indonesian medical preclinical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using crowdsourcing between October 2020 and June 2021. During the study period, 1,335 subjects were recruited, and 1,023 datasets were identified as valid. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used to measure current mental health disturbances (categorized as without current mental health disturbances, psychological distress, social dysfunction, or both). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to assess sleep quality, and a questionnaire devised for this study was used to assess screen time length per day. Multivariate data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 for Mac. RESULTS According to the findings, 49.1% of the 1,023 participants had current mental health disturbances: 12.8% had psychological distress, 15.9% had social dysfunction, and the rest (20.4%) had both psychological distress and social dysfunction. The statistical analysis provided strong evidence of a difference (p < 0.001) between the medians of depression and sleep quality with at least one pair of current mental health disturbance groups, but the difference for screen time was not significant (p = 0.151). Dunn's post-hoc analysis showed that groups without current mental health problems had significantly lower mean ranks of depression and sleep quality compared to groups that had current mental health problems (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Current mental health disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with preclinical medical students' depression and sleep quality in preclinical medical students. Thus, mental health programs for this specific population should be tailored to integrate mindfulness therapy, support groups, stress management, and skills training to promote mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjhin Wiguna
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | - Sylvie Dominic Teh
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erik Kinzie
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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18
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Yang N, Ma H, Huang M, Lau EYY, Fong DYT, Wang M, Wang P, Xu S, Xu J, Jiang C, Luo Y, Meng R. Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5141-5158. [PMID: 38148776 PMCID: PMC10750781 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s437219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is widely used to assess subjective well-being. Nevertheless, measurement invariance and optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5 have not been examined in Chinese samples. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the Chinese version of the WHO-5 (WHO-5-C) among healthcare students. Patients and Methods A two-wave longitudinal assessment was conducted among 343 Chinese healthcare students from September to November 2022. Measurement properties of the WHO-5-C were assessed through structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), measurement invariance using multigroup CFA (MGCFA) and longitudinal CFA (LCFA), convergent validity using correlation analysis with the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire (SRHQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), reliability using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and optimal cutoff point using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The WHO-5-C demonstrated satisfactory structural validity with comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.968 at baseline and 0.980 at follow-up, and adequate measurement invariance in different sociodemographic variables at baseline (gender, age, major, home location, being only child, monthly household income, part-time job, physical exercise, hobby, frequency of visiting home, and stress coping strategy) (CFI changes [ΔCFI] = -0.009-0.003) and over a week (ΔCFI = -0.006-0.000). The WHO-5-C also had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.907-0.934; McDonald's ω = 0.908-0.935) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.803). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations of the WHO-5-C with the SRHQ and PHQ-4. The optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5-C was found to be 50, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.882 at baseline data, with sensitivity of 0.803 and specificity of 0.762 at follow-up. Conclusion The WHO-5-C demonstrated adequate measurement properties, especially concerning cross-sectional and longitudinal measurement invariance, with a recommended optimal cutoff point of ≥ 50 for assessing adequate level of psychological well-being in healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnong Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Ophthalmology Center, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengqiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Mahapatra M, Panda A, Kumar H, Barman D, Talukdar R, Dakshinakabat P. Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e51008. [PMID: 38264399 PMCID: PMC10803290 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was planned with the objective of evaluating the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in oral submucous fibrosis patients and in controls and comparing them. For this meta-analysis, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases using a search methodology that included combinations of MeSH terms and keywords and included cross-sectional studies to evaluate the levels of LDH in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compared it with the controls. The total number of records identified through database searching was 4161 (n). Analysis of the quality of the studies was done using the National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool for case-control studies. Twelve case-control studies which matched the inclusion criteria were included after the literature search. The meta-analysis was carried out using R Studio (version 4.1.3, 2022; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The pooled estimate that has been calculated from the salivary LDH course for OSMF was 15.35% and from the serum LDH course for OSMF was 6.82%. There was a visual observation of the funnel's plot asymmetry suggesting publication bias. After adjusting the publication bias, the t2 values for salivary and serum LDH were 41% and 14.71%, respectively, which was less than 50%, indicating that the meta-analysis was statistically significant. The evaluation of salivary and serum LDH can be a useful method for early diagnosis of OSMF as well as OSCC. To infer that individuals may have OPMD or OSCC, specific values for salivary and serum LDH must be found in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisha Mahapatra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abikshyeet Panda
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Harish Kumar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Diplina Barman
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, IND
| | - Rounik Talukdar
- Department of Community Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, IND
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20
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Ye X, Li Y, Liu Y, Zheng Q, Lin Z, Zeng Y, Lin Z, Zhu T, Chen X, Chen L, Liu T. Effect of fear of missing out on learning burnout in medical students: a moderated mediation. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1289906. [PMID: 38045622 PMCID: PMC10690946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1289906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Learning burnout has a significant negative impact on students' academic performance and professional development, which has been exacerbated by the growing trend of problematic smartphone use, such as smartphone addiction, among young people. Recently, the literature on excessive social media use has revealed a critical role of fear of missing out. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine how fear of missing out affects smartphone addiction and its subsequent effect on learning burnout in college students. Methods In Study 1, 352 medical students were recruited to complete a cross-sectional survey. In Study 2, 2,948 college students were recruited to complete a cross-sectional survey. Further in Study 3, 30 medical students were recruited into a mindfulness-based intervention program. Results Study 1 preliminarily confirmed that fear of missing out was positively correlated with learning burnout. Study 2 then revealed a moderated mediation model showing that fear of missing out may increase smartphone addiction, which in turn affects their sleep quality and finally leads to learning burnout. This chain mediation model was moderated by the participants' level of mindfulness. To confirm the promoting role of mindfulness, Study 3 further confirmed that mindfulness training indeed can improve smartphone addiction and reduce learning burnout in medical students. Discussion Theoretical and practical contributions were discussed, highlighting the effects of fear of missing out on smartphone addiction and a moderating role of mindfulness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Lin
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Zeng
- Guidance Center for Mental Health of Students, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- Guidance Center for Mental Health of Students, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tan Zhu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiayan Chen
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Aljuwaiser S, Brazzelli M, Arain I, Poobalan A. Common mental health problems in medical students and junior doctors - an overview of systematic reviews. J Ment Health 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37933550 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2278095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental health problems (CMHP) are prevalent among junior doctors and medical students, and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenging situations with education disruptions, early graduations, and front-line work. CMHPs can have detrimental consequences on clinical safety and healthcare colleagues; thus, it is vital to assess the overall prevalence and available interventions to provide institutional-level support. AIMS This overview summarises the prevalence of CMHPs from existing published systematic reviews and informs public health prevention and early intervention practice. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from 2012 to identify systematic reviews on the prevalence of CMHPs and/or interventions to tackle them. RESULTS Thirty-six reviews were included: 25 assessing prevalence and 11 assessing interventions. Across systematic reviews, the prevalence of anxiety ranged from 7.04 to 88.30%, burnout from 7.0 to 86.0%, depression from 11.0 to 66.5%, stress from 29.6 to 49.9%, suicidal ideation from 3.0 to 53.9% and one obsessive-compulsive disorder review reported a prevalence of 3.8%. Mindfulness-based interventions were included in all reviews, with mixed findings for each CMHP. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMHPs is high among junior doctors and medical students, with anxiety remaining relatively stable and depression slightly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research on mindfulness-based interventions is required for a resilient and healthy future workforce. PRISMA/PROSPERO the researchers have followed PRISMA guidance. This overview was not registered with PROSPERO as it was conducted as part of an MSc research project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Aljuwaiser
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Miriam Brazzelli
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Imran Arain
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amudha Poobalan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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22
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Hou L, Long F, Zhou W, Zhou R. Working memory training for reward processing in university students with subsyndromal depression: The influence of baseline severity of depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108710. [PMID: 37820850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have tentatively suggested that working memory training (WMT) has the potential to improve reward processing, but it is not known how long this improvement lasts, whether there is a lag effect, or whether it is reflected in neurophysiological indicators. In this study, 40 university students with subsyndromal depression were randomly assigned to a training group or a control group and completed a 20-day working memory training task and a simple memory task, respectively. All participants completed the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and a doors task with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded simultaneously on a pre- and post-test and a 3-month follow-up. The reward-related positivity (RewP) amplitude, theta power, and their differences between conditions (i.e., ΔRewP and Δtheta power, respectively) in the doors task were the primary outcomes, and the score on TEPS was the secondary outcome. The results indicated no group-related effects were demonstrated in primary and secondary outcomes at post-test and 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, the differences in the pre- and post-test in Δtheta power were moderated by the baseline severity of depression. This was primarily driven by the fact that the change values in the control group increased with the severity of depression, while the change values in the training group had high homogeneity. Our findings did not provide support for the effect of WMT on reward processing across the whole sample, but without intervention, there would be high heterogeneity in the change in the cognitive control ability to loss feedback, which is detrimental to individuals with high depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fangfang Long
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing 100803, China; Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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23
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Jahrami H, AlKaabi J, Trabelsi K, Pandi-Perumal SR, Saif Z, Seeman MV, Vitiello MV. The worldwide prevalence of self-reported psychological and behavioral symptoms in medical students: An umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111479. [PMID: 37651841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical students frequently experience a range of stressors, such as demanding academic requirements, competition and rivalry, self-doubt, and financial distress. As a result, they are at risk for psychological and behavioral symptoms (PBS) including: depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties as well as maladaptive substance use. METHODS To determine the degree of risk for these symptoms, 13 databases, without language restriction., were searched. RESULTS A total of 32 meta-analyses were included in this umbrella review. A global analysis of all self-reported PBS combined yielded a pooled prevalence rate of 30.3% [26.9%; 33.7%]; 95% PI [2.2%; 58.3%]. The highest reported prevalence was for sleep problems 42.0% [35.6%; 48.4%], followed by stress 41.7% [35.3%; 48.1%], burnout 35.8% [25.7%; 45.8%], anxiety 32.5% [27.9%; 37.1%], depression 32.5% [28.8%; 36.1%], internet addiction 26.0% [5.5%; 46.5%], substance use 25.2% [18.9%; 31.6%], eating disorders 9.8% [1.1%; 18.4%], and suicidal thoughts/gestures/acts 8.9% [4.8%; 12.9%]. The prevalence estimates were deemed acceptable for all PBS. CONCLUSION The evidence shows that fully one-third of medical students experience a range of problematic PBS, likely attributable to the demanding and intense study environment, the hierarchical structure of medical training facilities, and the vulnerability of the young adulthood time period. Appropriately targeted assessment and intervention efforts are clearly warranted to decrease the psychological burden of medical student training. PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023391800. Open Science Network (OSF) Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/SXQYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Jawaher AlKaabi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zahra Saif
- Psychiatric Hospital, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Pahari S, Barman D, Talukdar R. Tobacco usage in India: A meta-analysis of evidence drawn from regional studies between 2010 and 2022. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:699-709. [PMID: 37583260 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To generate a national and zonal pooled estimate of current tobacco usage (CTU) in any form, as well as stratified gender and tobacco type (smokeless and smoke) specific estimates among the Indian population, utilising evidence from 2010 to 2022. METHOD PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles on tobacco use among Indian adults published between January 2010 and October 2022. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality, and a random-effects inverse-variance method was used to attain a pooled estimate of usage. Heterogeneity was estimated through I2 statistics and prediction intervals, and further subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted. A leave-one-out analysis was done to establish the sensitivity of the pooled estimate. RESULTS CTU prevalence of any form among the adult Indian population was 35.2% [confidence interval (CI) 25.27-45.92, I2 = 99.7, p < 0.001] between 2010 and 2022 with a wide Prediction interval between 3.19 to 78.74. The regionally drawn estimate for the years 2016-2022 was 44.3% (CI 30.57-58.64, I2 = 99.8, p < 0.01). Highest prevalence was found in the East zone (55.4%) followed by the northeast with 51.8% tobacco consumption. Although residual heterogeneity persisted after subgroup analysis, the variability in estimates showed statistical significance when considering disaggregated estimates across administrative zones and gender-wise consumption. The estimated CTU among males was 54.1%, whereas in females it was 15%. Leave-one-out analysis indicated the findings are reliable and are not dependent on any one study. CONCLUSION This review highlights differences in tobacco usage estimates from national-level surveys and regional studies. More regionally representative surveys of tobacco usage to tailormade prevention efforts alongside increased regional efforts improved community-level advocacy and more coordinated and stringent tobacco prevention policy implementation at national and state levels are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diplina Barman
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rounik Talukdar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Wang J, Liu M, Bai J, Chen Y, Xia J, Liang B, Wei R, Lin J, Wu J, Xiong P. Prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1116616. [PMID: 37719741 PMCID: PMC10501456 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of mental distress is common for medical students in China due to factors such as the long duration of schooling, stressful doctor-patient relationship, numerous patient population, and limited medical resources. However, previous studies have failed to provide a comprehensive prevalence of these mental disorders in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors, among medical students in China. Methods We conducted a systematic search for empirical studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and suicide plan in Chinese medical students published from January 2000 to December 2020. All data were collected pre-COVID-19. The prevalence and heterogeneity estimations were computed by using a random-effects model and univariate meta-regression analyses. Results A total of 197 studies conducted in 23 provinces in China were included in the final meta-analysis. The prevalence data of depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and suicide plan were extracted from 129, 80, 21, 53, and 14 studies, respectively. The overall pooled crude prevalence for depression was 29% [38,309/132,343; 95% confidence interval (CI): 26%-32%]; anxiety, 18% (19,479/105,397; 95% CI: 15%-20%); suicide ideation, 13% (15,546/119,069; 95% CI: 11%-15%); suicide attempt, 3% (1,730/69,786; 95% CI: 1%-4%); and suicide plan, 4% (1,188/27,025; 95% CI: 3%-6%). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated the high prevalence of CMDs among Chinese medical students. Further research is needed to identify targeted strategies to improve the mental health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxingyi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai Women and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Bai
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Baolin Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Wei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Lin
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Barański K, Szemik S, Kaleta-Pilarska A, Kowalska M. General health and its relation to the quality of life and alcohol consumption in a Polish cohort of medical students - preliminary results of POLLEK survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1178124. [PMID: 37469698 PMCID: PMC10352118 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction First-year students of medicine are at higher risk of stress related to the new environment and study overload. Such factors can play a role and have an impact on their quality of life and general health status which can cause possible problems with alcohol use. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between mentioned factors in the Polish cohort of first-year medical students. Materials and methods The quality of life has been assessed within the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, the general health status was assessed via GHQ28, and alcohol consumption was assessed the by AUDIT questionnaire. Due to the lack of signature informed consent and lack of data, 381 (72%) students out of 525 were included in the final analysis. Result The majority of the 1-year students were females 68%; (n = 259) vs. 32% (n = 122) males. Half of the students had lowered risk of distress. However, females had a higher risk of having higher scores in GHQ-28 than males. In relation to the assessment of the quality of life, the students with a lower level of distress (<32 points in GHQ-28) had better results in each WHOQOL domain. There was no association between general health status and alcohol use. For the students who had possible problems with alcohol use the OR was 1.15 95% CI (0.73-1.80) and for students who were probably addicted OR was 1.07 95% CI (0.33-3.41). Conclusion The total quality of life in first-year Polish medical students is relatively high; however, half of them suffer because of distress and around 30% have some alcohol problems. Females are more likely to have higher GHQ-28 scores than males.
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Su X, Yang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Wang Q. Mental Distress and Professional Commitment among Chinese Medical Postgraduate Students: A Moderated Mediation of Psychological Capital and the Supervisor-Postgraduate Relationship. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2579-2595. [PMID: 37332157 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2224581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the relationship between mental distress and professional commitment among medical postgraduate students, and the roles of psychological capital as a mediator and the supervisor-postgraduate relationship as a moderator. This cross-sectional study recruited 836 medical postgraduate students from eight medical universities and the medical college of comprehensive universities in Guangdong Province, China. Participants were assessed through questionnaires, which covered demographic items, the supervisor-postgraduate relationship scale, the psychological capital questionnaire, the symptom checklist - 90 (SCL -90), and the professional commitment scale. We used descriptive statistics to describe demographics and mental distress and professional commitment scores. Pearson's analysis was used to identify correlations between the variables and the SPSS PROCESS macro was performed to confirm mediating and moderating effects of psychological capital and the supervisor-postgraduate relationship. Mental distress was negatively related with professional commitment (r = -0.262, p < 0.01) and psychological capital (r = -0.442, p < 0.01). Psychological capital was positively associated with professional commitment (r = 0.486, p < 0.01). The confidence interval (CI) suggested that psychological capital mediated the relationship between mental distress and professional commitment (95% CI, -0.198 to - 0.143), and the supervisor-postgraduate relationship had a moderate role between psychological capital and professional commitment (95% CI, 0.069 to -0.212). Hence, educators may refer to these findings to improve professional commitment level among medical postgraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulan Ren
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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28
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Karki S, Shrestha O, Thapa N, Gupta S, Chaudhary A, Yadav A, Manandhar P. Prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal: A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1262. [PMID: 37205935 PMCID: PMC10189862 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Alexithymia is a state in which one cannot comprehend and put their emotions or feelings into words. It is a disturbance that is common among general population as well as people with mental health disorders. Medical students are at higher risk of developing alexithymia due to the extensive nature of their course and clinical postings. The presence of alexithymia is negatively correlated with the self-efficacy of the students eventually affecting self-care and patient care in the future. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of alexithymia among medical students in Nepal and know its associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study used convenient sampling for selecting responders and the TAS-20 tool for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20. Frequency was calculated for all the variables. Prevalence with 95% confidence interval [CI] is reported and the χ 2 test is used to see the difference in alexithymia status among different categories of dichotomous independent variables. Results Out of 386 students, 380 of them responded. The ratio of male and female was 1.8 with the mean age of 22.22 ± 1.77 years. The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be 22.89% (95% CI, 18.9-27.1). There was no statistically significant difference between the presence and absence of alexithymia among categories of sex, year of study, staying at hostel, involvement in extracurricular activities, involvement in daily exercise/yoga/outdoor sports, and smoking habit. Conclusion The prevalence of alexithymia in our study was 22.89% with no association with known factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Karki
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Oshan Shrestha
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Niranjan Thapa
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Satish Gupta
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Amit Chaudhary
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Abijeet Yadav
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Pradeep Manandhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesShree Birendra HospitalKathmanduNepal
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29
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Ahmed I, Hazell CM, Edwards B, Glazebrook C, Davies EB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37041470 PMCID: PMC10088287 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common mental health problem in the general population, and is associated with functional impairment and negative impacts upon quality of life. There has been increased concern about university students' mental health in recent years, with a wide range of non-specific anxiety rates reported worldwide in undergraduate university students. We aimed to explore prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university student populations. METHODS Four databases were searched to identify studies published between 1980 and 2020 which investigated prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. Each study's quality was appraised using a checklist. Sub-analyses were undertaken reflecting outcome measure utilized, course of study, location of study, and whether study was before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 89 studies - representing approx. 130,090 students-met inclusion criteria. Eighty-three were included in meta-analysis, calculating a weighted mean prevalence of 39.65% (95% CI: 35.72%-43.58%) for non-specific anxiety. Prevalence from diagnostic interview studies ranged from 0.3%-20.8% 12-month prevalence. Prevalence varied by outcome measure used to assess non-specific anxiety, the type of course studied by sample, and by study location. In half the studies, being female was associated with being more likely to have higher non-specific anxiety scores and/or screening above thresholds. Few of the included studies met all quality appraisal criteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that approximately a third of undergraduate students are experiencing elevated levels of non-specific anxiety. Results from sub-analyses have identified some methodological issues that need consideration in appraising prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiqa Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cassie M Hazell
- Department of Psychological Interventions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Bethany Edwards
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Bethan Davies
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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30
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Sun S, Xu S, Guy A, Guigayoma J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Operario D, Chen R. Analysis of Psychiatric Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Younger Adults in China by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232294. [PMID: 36961464 PMCID: PMC10313143 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Younger adults in China who are transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) experience high levels of minority stress (eg, stigma and bullying) and adverse mental health symptoms. However, there is a lack of research documenting mental health disparities compared with their cisgender and heterosexual peers. Studies that disaggregate TGNC and LGB individuals and are conducted in nonmetropolitan regions are also needed. Objectives To examine whether younger adult students' psychiatric symptoms and suicide risk vary by sexual orientation and gender identity and identify risk factors within LGB younger adults and TGNC younger adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study surveyed students at 63 universities in Jilin Province, China, between October 24 and November 18, 2021. Analyses were completed May 6, 2022. Exposures Gender identity (TGNC vs cisgender) and sexual orientation (LGB vs heterosexual). Main Outcomes and Measures Psychiatric outcomes included depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Trauma Screening Questionnaire, and self-reported NSSI behaviors. The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicide risk. Results The analytic sample included 89 342 younger adults (mean [SD] age, 19.60 [1.75] years), including 51 438 assigned female at birth and 37 904 assigned male at birth. The sample included 2352 individuals who were TGNC, 6501 who were cisgender LGB, and 80 489 who were cisgender heterosexual. Compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers, TGNC and LGB younger adults were more likely to experience increased psychiatric symptoms across categories and suicide risk, as well as more severe forms of symptoms. In particular, overall suicide risk was 43.03% among TGNC individuals, 36.21% among LGB individuals, and 11.70% among cisgender heterosexual younger adults. Controlling for demographic variables and compared with cisgender heterosexual peers, TGNC young adults had higher odds of suicide risk (adjusted odds ratio, 5.38; 95% CI, 4.94-5.86; P < .001) and of past-year NSSI (adjusted odds ratio, 6.55; 95% CI, 5.87-7.30; P < .001). Separate within-group analyses for LGB and TGNC younger adults highlighted the vulnerability of bisexual women and gender nonbinary groups, as well as the relevance of minority stress-related risk factors, including peer bullying and assault and loneliness. Conclusions and Relevance This study noted disparities of mental health issues among LGB, transgender, or queer or questioning younger adults in China and suggests a high urgency to address psychological health and prevent suicide in this population. Targeted public health initiatives may be needed to reduce stigma and discrimination, train competent health care professionals, and create affirmative mental health policies and systems of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China Center for Aging Studies and Social-Economic Development, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Arryn Guy
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John Guigayoma
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Don Operario
- Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Kotera Y, Jackson JE, Kirkman A, Edwards AM, Colman R, Underhill A, Jackson JG, Baker D, Ozaki A. Comparing the Mental Health of Healthcare Students: Mental Health Shame and Self-compassion in Counselling, Occupational Therapy, Nursing and Social Work Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36817984 PMCID: PMC9924877 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health of healthcare students is a cause for concern in many universities. Though previous research has identified mental health shame and self-compassion as critical in this student group, how these variables differ across different healthcare disciplines remains to be evaluated. Healthcare students (n = 344; counselling, occupational therapy, social work and nursing) completed measures regarding these variables. MANOVA and regression analyses were performed. (1) Counselling and nursing students were more depressed than occupational therapy students; (2) nursing students were more anxious than occupational therapy and social work students; (3) occupational therapy students had more positive attitudes towards mental health than the others; and (4) nursing students worried about their own reputation associated with their family more than counselling students. Self-compassion was the strongest predictor of mental health in all groups; however, the effect sizes varied: largest in nursing and smallest in social work students. Findings will help inform effective interventions for students in each healthcare discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU Nottinghamshire UK
| | - Jessica E. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Kirkman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Edwards
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Rory Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Underhill
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Jessica G. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Denise Baker
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
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Lyu F, Wu T, Bian Y, Zhu K, Xu J, Li F. Stress and its impairment of skin barrier function. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:621-630. [PMID: 36759891 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal function of skin is to provide a barrier to water loss and percutaneous penetration of exogenous substances. Any compromise of the skin homeostasis can lead to dryness, itchiness, or even pathogenic conditions. This study aimed to explore the relationship among psychological stress, skin homeostasis, sleep quality, and emotion. METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted using a random sample of medical students from Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University. A questionnaire including the validated Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI) was distributed. The skin barrier function was measured by the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of skin. Dermoscopic images of the nose and infraorbital skin were obtained. We compared the skin homeostasis, sleep quality, and emotional state of medical students at different time points of the semester and explored the correlation between the variables. RESULTS As the semester progressed, the sleep quality and severity of anxiety of medical students got significantly worse, and they were closely related to the impaired skin barrier function. Both irregular schedule and stress can aggravate dark circles. CONCLUSIONS Mental stress can do harm to skin barrier through poor sleep and severe anxiety. The amount of sebum was positively correlated with the severity of anxiety while blackheads are mainly influenced by season change. Dermoscopy has a unique role in assessing blackheads and dark circles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lyu
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhe Bian
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kesen Zhu
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Heumann E, Helmer SM, Busse H, Negash S, Horn J, Pischke CR, Niephaus Y, Stock C. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of German university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak - A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:568-575. [PMID: 36220498 PMCID: PMC9547656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the long duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring mental health remains important. This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students 20 months after the first COVID-19 restrictions and (2) which factors were associated with these outcomes. METHODS The cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study (C19 GSWS) collected data of 7025 students at five German universities. Associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and other factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 23.9 years (SD = 4.9), 67 % were female and 31 % male. The prevalence for depressive symptoms was 29 % (PHQ-2) and 12 % (CES-D 8) and 32 % for anxiety. A complicated relationship status, the lack of a trusted person, and financial difficulties were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. University students who were worried about (re-) infection with COVID-19 had a 1.37-times higher chance for reporting anxiety (GAD-2: OR, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.71). Those with pre-existing cardiovascular health conditions had an up to 3.21-times higher chance for reporting depressive symptoms (OR, CESD-D 8, 95 % CI: 1.44-7.14). LIMITATIONS The study design is cross-sectional and uses self-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Concepts for prevention and counselling to tackle mental health problems in students are needed and programmes should take specific stressors related to the pandemic into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Heumann
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Heide Busse
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah Negash
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical, Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasemin Niephaus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Yang JZ. Alarming state of suicide among medical students, residents and early career physicians in China. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103336. [PMID: 36403390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Dai P, Yi G, Qian D, Wu Z, Fu M, Peng H. Social Support Mediates the Relationship Between Coping Styles and the Mental Health of Medical Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1299-1313. [PMID: 37155482 PMCID: PMC10122993 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s405580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the impact that coping styles and social support have on the mental health of medical students by constructing a corresponding structural situation model that reveals the complex relationship between these three factors. In doing so, it seeks to help medication students better manage mental health problems. Patients and Methods The online study was conducted between March 6, 2021 and May 6, 2021. A total of 318 participants from multiple medical schools were involved. The general information questionnaire, simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), perceived social support scale (PSSS) and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used to collect relevant information from the subjects by snowball sampling. An independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and intermediary effect analysis were all used to analyze the relevant data and construct the structural equation model. Results There was a significant difference in SCL-90 between medical students and national college students (1.78±0.70, P < 0.001), and the positive rate of mental health status was as high as 40.3%. Sleep quality, regular diet, and positive coping style were positively correlated with mental health (P < 0.01), while negative coping styles and total scores of coping style as well as family, friends, and other sources of social support and total scores of social support were negatively correlated with mental health problems (P < 0.01). Positive and negative coping styles have an impact on mental health through the mediating effect of between social support and coping styles, as well as in the direct pathway. Conclusion The mental health status of medical students was significantly poor. Medical schools should thus pay close attention to the mental health status of students and encourage them to develop healthy living habits, optimize coping styles, and establish stable sources of social support to improve their psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Dai
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Qian
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Min Fu, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Industrial Avenue Middle, Haizhu, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18665621066, Email
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hui Peng, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, No. 492, Jinxi South Road, Huaihua, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Tao H, Zeng X, Hou M, Chen S, Shen J, Liao X, Zou C. Association of adverse childhood experiences and depression among medical students: the role of family functioning and insomnia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134631. [PMID: 37205075 PMCID: PMC10185847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to depression in medical students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ACEs and depression through the serial mediation effect of family functioning and insomnia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 medical students from university in Chengdu in 2021. The participants were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including ACEs scale, the family APGAR index, the ISI and PHQ-9. Singe and serial mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling by Mplus 8.3. Results ACEs had a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through family functioning (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.007-0.060), accounting for 5.9% of the total effect; (2) through insomnia (β = 0.103, 95% CI: 0.011-0.187), accounting for 23.5% of the total effect; and (3) through the serial mediators involving in family functioning and insomnia (β = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.015-0.078), accounting for 8.7% of the total effect. The total indirect effect was 38.1%. Limitations This cross-sectional study prevented us from establishing causality. Conclusion This study highlights the role of family functioning and insomnia as serial mediators of the relationship between ACEs and depression. Findings help to elucidate the mechanism that underlines the pathway between ACEs and depression in medical students. These findings may indicate developing measures to strengthen family functioning and improve insomnia aiming to reduce depression in medical students with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Hou
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
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Shen Y. EFFECT OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION AND REHABILITATION ON PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The increase in the number of students experiencing depression severely impacts the physical and mental health of college students. Objective: Explore the effect of an exercise intervention on patients with depression by analyzing its rehabilitation effect. Methods: Physical education combined with extracurricular activities were chosen. The experimental physical education group completed about 45 minutes of low-intensity running, performing physical recovery and rest under teacher guidance. The sport form of extracurricular activity was basketball, twice a week. Physical education combined with extracurricular activities totaled a total of 4 times a week, lasting six weeks. Results: The exercise intervention reduced the participants’ psychological test scores, relieving them of their psychological conditions. The exercise intervention improved somatization factors (obsessive-compulsive, depression, interpersonal, paranoid, anxiety, and negative symptoms). Conclusion: The personalized exercise plan is recommended for students with depression, with the promotion of corresponding physical exercise out of class, aiming to improve students’ psychological state and mental health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Talukdar R, Barman D, Thakkar V, Kanungo S. Utilization of dental care services among adult Indian population: A meta-analysis of evidence from 2011-2022. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:325-335. [PMID: 36852206 PMCID: PMC9958237 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to generate a pooled national estimate on dental health care services utilization by the adult population in India from any public or private facility in an effort to highlight the demand and usage for oral health care. Methods: In this meta-analysis, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Google Scholar were searched using a search strategy that combined MeSH headings and keywords (e.g., "Oral Health", "Dental Health Services", utilization, India, etc.) for articles on dental utilization among Indian adults, published between January 2011 and June 2022. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality assessment tool, and a random-effects inverse-variance method was used for pulling utilization proportions. Meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is reported as I2. To examine publication bias, the funnel plot, egger's test, and trim-and-fill analysis were performed. Results: From 4012 identified articles, 21 were eligible for inclusion. The pooled dental care utilization amongst Indian adults were found to be 23.96% (confidence interval [CI]: 16.81%- 31.11%, P<0.001, I2=98.93%), and the highest estimate was in South Zone (30.02%, CI: 19.14-40.90, P<0.01, I2=98.63%). Visual inspection of the funnel plot revealed the presence of publication bias (egger's P value 0.02). A mild decrease in utilization estimate was noted through trim and fill analysis (adjusted estimate 17.65%, CI: 8.97-26.33, P=0.03). No significant subgroup effect was found for the variables study zone and conduction years (P value: 0.09 & 0.34 respectively). Conclusion: Future studies should be undertaken to focus on the demand and supply of oral health care services since an evidential gap has been identified due to the uneven distribution of studies available from various regions of India. The heterogeneity can be attributed to the diverse socioeconomic, literacy, and inherent health system performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounik Talukdar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, West Bengal, India
| | - Diplina Barman
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Suman Kanungo
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, West Bengal, India,Corresponding Author: Suman Kanungo,
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Tawse J, Demou E. Qualitative study to explore UK medical students' and junior doctors' experiences of occupational stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065639. [PMID: 36523252 PMCID: PMC9748513 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This qualitative study aimed to explore the occupational experiences of medical students and junior doctors working during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the research sought to identify factors which mediated work stress, barriers to disclosing mental health problems and levels of support medical students and junior doctors received during the pandemic. DESIGN This study was a form of thematic analysis and adopted an inductive, 'bottom-up' approach, in which coded categories were derived from rich, descriptive data. SETTING Semistructured interviews were conducted online with UK-based medical students and junior doctors. Interviews were recorded, and analysis was done by coding salient quotes into themes. PARTICIPANTS The final sample consisted of seven junior doctors and eight medical students, during the summer of 2021. RESULTS High levels of occupational stress were identified, which were exacerbated by COVID-19. A number of organisational difficulties associated with the pandemic compounded participants' experiences of work stress. Participants recognised progress towards promoting and managing mental health within the profession but may still be reluctant to access support services. Barriers to disclosure included fear of stigmatisation, concerns about adding to colleagues' workloads, lack of clarity about career implications and mistrust of occupational health services. CONCLUSIONS While attitudes towards mental health have improved, medical students and junior doctors may avoid seeking help. Given the immense pressures faced by health services, it is imperative that extra measures are implemented to minimise work-stress, encourage help-seeking behaviours and promote supportive work cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Tawse
- University of Glasgow College of Social Sciences, Glasgow, UK
- Staff Advice and Liaison Service, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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Paz DC, Bains MS, Zueger ML, Bandi VR, Kuo VY, Cook K, Ryznar R. COVID-19 and mental health: A systematic review of international medical student surveys. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1028559. [PMID: 36507006 PMCID: PMC9732539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medical school curriculum has imposed psychological stressors on students worldwide, some of which may induce feelings of increased depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety that a portion of medical students experience in their daily life. The aim of this systematic review is to gather concrete data from medical schools around the globe, and further evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medical students' mental health. Materials and methods Systematic search of data from PubMed, EMBASE, psycINFO, MEDLINE Complete, and Global Health for studies conducted between December 2019 and July 2021 was conducted. Data from 47 different surveys of medical students from various medical institutions throughout the world were included in this review. These surveys, administered in the form of questionnaires that utilized rating scales, measured anxiety, depression, and stress levels in medical students amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. Results The COVID-19 outbreak was found to have negative effects on medical students, most notably causing emotional and behavioral changes and detrimental mental health impacts. Higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety have been found in medical students since the outbreak. Conclusion This systematic review highlights the sustained high prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and stress among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate support and research on which interventions could mitigate these risks is essential in order to ensure that future physicians are properly cared for, and ultimately have the adequate tools needed to provide high quality and empathetic care to future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C. Paz
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Dean C. Paz,
| | - Manav Singh Bains
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Morgan L. Zueger
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | | | - Victor Y. Kuo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Kyle Cook
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Ryznar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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Milošević Marković M, Latas MB, Milovanović S, Poznanović ST, Lazarević MM, Karišik MJ, Đorđević J, Mandinić Z, Jovanović S. Mental Health and Quality of Life among Dental Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114061. [PMID: 36360939 PMCID: PMC9656808 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Students are particularly vulnerable from the mental health aspect, which was especially recognized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health among dental students. The study was conducted on a sample of 797 students (207 male and 592 female) with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.4, from the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. The measurements used in the study were the Demographic and Academic Questionnaire, Questionnaire about exposure to COVID-19, COVID-19-Impact on QoL Questionnaire (COV19-QoL), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The mean total score for COV19-QoL was 2.9 ± 0.9, while the diagnostic criteria of GAD-7 and depression met 19.9% and 31.4% of students, respectively. There was a positive and strong correlation between QoL, anxiety, and depression. During COVID-19, predictors for lower perceptions of QoL were female gender and death of close relatives (p = 0.049, p = 0.005, respectively). At the same time, predictors for GAD were female gender, living in dormitories, and death of close relatives (p = 0.019, p = 0.011, p = 0.028, respectively), while for depression they were year of study, living with parents, and death of close relatives due to COVID-19 (p = 0.012, p = 0.008, p = 0.029, respectively). The study showed that students' QoL and mental health during the pandemic were at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milošević Marković
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan B. Latas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Milovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Totić Poznanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš M. Lazarević
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jakšić Karišik
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jana Đorđević
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Mandinić
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 11, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Chen W, Yu Z, Wang L, Gross D. Examining Childhood Adversities in Chinese Health Science Students Using the Simplified Chinese Version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (SC-ACE-IQ). ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:335-346. [PMID: 36278243 PMCID: PMC9580443 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent, costly, and associated with poor health outcomes in adults. Little is known about ACE prevalence rates or strategies for measuring ACEs among young adults in Mainland China. The aims of this study were to (a) translate the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) into Simplified Chinese, (b) assess the psychometric strength of the Simplified Chinese version of the ACE-IQ (SC-ACE-IQ), and (c) compare SC-ACE-IQ scores calculated using binary and frequency scoring methods. The ACE-IQ was translated from English to Simplified Chinese and evaluated for content validity, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability. Chinese young adults (n = 566) aged 18–38 years who were health science students were recruited in Shanghai, China from May to August 2020. ACE exposures were compared using binary and frequency scoring methods, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The SC-ACE-IQ has good content validity (S-CVI = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). SC-ACE-IQ scores were associated with depressive (binary: r = 0.26, frequency: r = 0.29; p < 0.001) and anxiety (binary: r = 0.22, frequency: r = 0.24; p < 0.001) symptoms. Higher proportion of participants reported exposure to at least one ACE and four or more ACEs when using the binary scoring method compared to the frequency scoring method. The SC-ACE-IQ is a valid and reliable ACE measure for Chinese health science students. Using frequency methods may underestimate exposure to ACEs among this population. Researchers should carefully select scoring methods for different study populations and purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah Gross
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Chen YY, Bakar SMA, Saimon R, Safii R. The Use of Online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (e-ACT) to Improve the Psychological Wellbeing among University Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2022.2134073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Yong Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Meriyam A Bakar
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Razitasham Safii
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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Ding P, Li J, Chen H, Zhong C, Ye X, Shi H. Independent and joint effects of sleep duration and sleep quality on suboptimal self-rated health in medical students: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957409. [PMID: 36276404 PMCID: PMC9583520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies on the association between sleep behavior and health often ignored the confounding effects of biorhythm-related factors. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effects of sleep duration and sleep quality on suboptimal self-rated health (SRH) in medical students. Methods Cross-sectional study. Proportional stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly recruit students from various medical specialties at a medical university in eastern China. Our questionnaire mainly included information on basic demographic characteristics, SRH, sleep behavior, and biorhythm-related factors. The independent and joint effects of sleep duration and sleep quality on suboptimal SRH were assessed by logistic regression after controlling for potential confounders. Results Of 1,524 medical students (mean age = 19.9 years, SD = 1.2 years; 59.1% female), 652 (42.8%) had suboptimal SRH. Most medical students (51.5%) slept for 7 h/night, followed by ≥8 (29.1%) and ≤ 6 h (19.4%). After adjusting for basic demographic characteristics and biorhythm-related factors, compared with students who slept for ≥8 h/night, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) for those who slept 7 and ≤ 6 h/night were 1.36 (1.03, 1.81) and 2.28 (1.60, 3.26), respectively (P < 0.001 for trend); compared with those who had good sleep quality, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) for those who had fair and poor sleep quality were 4.12 (3.11, 5.45) and 11.60 (6.57, 20.46), respectively (P < 0.001 for trend). Further, compared with those who slept for ≥8 h/night and good sleep quality, those who slept ≤ 6 h and poor sleep quality had the highest odds of suboptimal SRH (OR 24.25, 95%CI 8.73, 67.34). Conclusions Short sleep and poor sleep quality were independently and jointly associated with higher odds of suboptimal SRH among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Li
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huajian Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongzhou Zhong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Propaganda Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Xiaoli Ye
| | - Hongying Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongying Shi
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Parviniannasab AM, Bijani M, Dehghani A. The mediating role of psychological capital in relations between spiritual well-being and mental health among nursing students. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:230. [PMID: 36184628 PMCID: PMC9526786 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students face mental and emotional issues due to the nature of their profession. The role of protective factors such as psychological capital and spiritual well-being is vital in improving mental health. This study investigated the mediating role of psychological capital as a mediator in the relationships between spiritual well-being and mental health in Iran. METHODS The present study was descriptive, cross-sectional research conducted on 426 undergraduate nursing students within a four-year educational program in Iran from July to December 2021. The participants were selected via convenience sampling. This research used psychological capital scale, spiritual well-being, and general health questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation, and a structural equation model. RESULTS Spiritual well-being positively affects mental health and psychological capital. Psychological capital also is positively related to mental health. Psychological capital partially mediated the effect of spiritual well-being on mental health. CONCLUSION According to the results, High level of spiritual well-being can improve nursing students' mental health and the relationship is partially mediated Psychological capital. Therefore, psychological capital is an important factor in improving nursing students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Guo Y, Li S, Zhang L, Xuan Q, He L, Ye Q, Ma J, Peng L, Xiong Y, Yang J, Yu H, Xie J, Shao H, Yuan Y. Depression and anxiety of medical students at Kunming Medical University during COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957597. [PMID: 36159294 PMCID: PMC9490216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An isolation strategy was used to control the transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19 in Yunnan. As a result, students were supposed to stay at home and disrupted their outside activities. It led to a detrimental influence on students' mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety among medical students and to provide ideas for the prevention of depression and anxiety in medical students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,116 medical students at Kunming Medical University from July 8 to July 16, 2020. Participants' demographic and living conditions were collected. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to detect risk factors associated with depression and anxiety. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among medical students were 52.5 and 29.6%, respectively. Depression was more likely to be caused by low grades, lack of physical exercise, drug use, irregular diet, extensive screen time on mobile phones, being greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and inadaptability to offline courses. Anxiety was more likely to be caused by lack of physical exercise, drug use, irregular diet, and inadaptability to offline courses. Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid. Our study showed predictive factors for depression and anxiety and identified a major mental health burden on medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak. More targeted measures should be taken to improve the mental state of students to reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Ying Guo
| | - Shunda Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Zoology and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qun Xuan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu He
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingyan Ye
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqing Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Peng
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunxia Xiong
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haofei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Zoology and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Library, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China,Jianping Xie
| | - Heng Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Heng Shao
| | - Yun Yuan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,Yun Yuan
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Liu H, Liu X, Xu W. Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10487. [PMID: 36091964 PMCID: PMC9444338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a traumatic impact on the whole world in all aspects including physical health, economic condition, and mental health. Psychological problems are commonly neglected for their inconspicuous symptoms. Little is known about the medical students' psychological status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Two thousand and two medical students were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Zung's self-rating anxiety scale was used to evaluate their anxiety symptoms. A total of 1917 questionnaires were collected, and the response rate was 95.8%. Results There were 1735 (90.5%) complete and valid questionnaires. The average SAS standard score was 42.8 ± 11.0. The results indicated that the prevalence of anxiety in medical students was 25.9%. Less social support (OR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.2-1.7) is an independent risk factor of anxiety syndrome, while the female (OR = 0.6, 95%CI 0.5-0.8) is less likely to have anxiety syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety in medical students is higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Male students and students with less social support are more likely to have anxiety syndrome. Medical educators and students themselves should take serious steps to prevent, recognize and deal with the anxiety prevalence.
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Eya S, Yosra H, Faika BM. Troubles des conduites alimentaires : prévalence et facteurs de risque chez des étudiants en médecine tunisiens. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Training of Faculty and Staff in Recognising Undergraduate Medical Students’ Psychological Symptoms and Providing Support: A Narrative Literature Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090305. [PMID: 36135109 PMCID: PMC9495451 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness among medical students in particular, and higher education students in general, is very high. Many measures have been suggested in order to improve the situation, including training members of faculty and staff. However, to the best of our knowledge there seem to be no studies proposing training programmes for medical schools’ faculty and staff in response to recognising students’ psychological difficulties and symptoms in order to provide the relevant support. Also, in cases where such training for supporting medical students with psychological symptomatology exist, the efficacy of the approach employed is not known. By employing a careful literature search according to published guidelines for narrative literature reviews, this study aimed to fill in this identified gap in the literature. From the literature search, 14 articles were included in this review and the results show that no training tailored for faculty and staff in medical schools was identified. However, articles that related to higher education were included because they were useful in providing insights for medicine, and show the following: (a) faculty and staff acknowledged the importance of mental illness among students, (b) many of them discussed with their students psychological symptoms and provided support, (c) they tended to feel unprepared for recognising students’ psychological symptoms successfully and providing support, (d) they embraced the idea of being trained, and (e) any training seemed to be helpful for members of faculty and staff. From the results of this narrative review, we propose the CReATE circular pathway to ensure a sustainable process of training and support for students’ development.
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Chen J, Tuersun Y, Yang J, Xiong M, Wang Y, Rao X, Jiang S. Association of depression symptoms and sleep quality with state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province, China: a mediation analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35982434 PMCID: PMC9388213 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among medical students is particularly high, and it has increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sleep quality and state-trait anxiety are risk factors for depression, but no study has yet investigated the mediating role of state-trait anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms in medical students. This study aims to investigate the relationship among depression symptoms, sleep quality and state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 1227 students' online questionnaires collected from four medical universities in Anhui Province using a convenience sampling method. We measured respondents' sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms using three scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). We analysed the mediating role of STAI scores on the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores through the Sobel-Goodman Mediation Test while controlling for covariates. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 74.33% (912) and 41.40% (518) of the respondents reported suffering from poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. Sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms were positively associated with each other (β = 0.381 ~ 0.775, P < 0.001). State-trait anxiety partially mediated the association between sleep quality and depression symptoms (Sobel test Z = 15.090, P < 0.001), and this mediating variable accounted for 83.79% of the association when adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis further revealed that STAI scores partially mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in females and rural students and fully mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in males and urban students. CONCLUSIONS This study found that sleep quality and state-trait anxiety have a significant predictive effect on depression symptoms. State-trait anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a more complex mechanism observed among rural and female medical students. Multiple pathways of intervention should be adopted, such as encouraging students to self-adjust, providing professional psychological intervention and timely monitoring, enriching extracurricular activities, and making changes in policies regarding long shifts and working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jiao Yang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Xiong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Rao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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