1
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Lacrampe N, Lugan R, Dumont D, Nicot PC, Lecompte F, Colombié S. Modelling metabolic fluxes of tomato stems reveals that nitrogen shapes central metabolism for defence against Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4093-4110. [PMID: 38551810 PMCID: PMC11233421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Among plant pathogens, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the most prevalent, leading to severe crop damage. Studies related to its colonization of different plant species have reported variable host metabolic responses to infection. In tomato, high N availability leads to decreased susceptibility. Metabolic flux analysis can be used as an integrated method to better understand which metabolic adaptations lead to effective host defence and resistance. Here, we investigated the metabolic response of tomato infected by B. cinerea in symptomless stem tissues proximal to the lesions for 7 d post-inoculation, using a reconstructed metabolic model constrained by a large and consistent metabolic dataset acquired under four different N supplies. An overall comparison of 48 flux solution vectors of Botrytis- and mock-inoculated plants showed that fluxes were higher in Botrytis-inoculated plants, and the difference increased with a reduction in available N, accompanying an unexpected increase in radial growth. Despite higher fluxes, such as those involved in cell wall synthesis and other pathways, fluxes related to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid and protein synthesis were limited under very low N, which might explain the enhanced susceptibility. Limiting starch synthesis and enhancing fluxes towards redox and specialized metabolism also contributed to defence independent of N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH unit, INRAE, F-84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, F-84916 Avignon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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2
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Tanaka T, Fujita M, Kusajima M, Narita F, Asami T, Maruyama-Nakashita A, Nakajima M, Nakashita H. Priming of Immune System in Tomato by Treatment with Low Concentration of L-Methionine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6315. [PMID: 38928022 PMCID: PMC11204331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Bc), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with Pst and Bc, respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Moeka Fujita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Futo Narita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan; (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Masami Nakajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; (T.T.); (M.F.)
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3
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Legarrea S, LaTora AG, Simmons AM, Srinivasan R. Begomovirus Transmission to Tomato Plants Is Not Hampered by Plant Defenses Induced by Dicyphus hesperus Knight. Viruses 2024; 16:587. [PMID: 38675929 PMCID: PMC11055112 DOI: 10.3390/v16040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants can respond to insect infestation and virus infection by inducing plant defenses, generally mediated by phytohormones. Moreover, plant defenses alter host quality for insect vectors with consequences for the spread of viruses. In agricultural settings, other organisms commonly interact with plants, thereby inducing plant defenses that could affect plant-virus-vector interactions. For example, plant defenses induced by omnivorous insects can modulate insect behavior. This study focused on tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a plant virus of the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. It is transmitted in a persistent circulative manner by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), posing a global threat to tomato production. Mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) are effective biological control agents of B. tabaci, but there is a possibility that their omnivorous nature could also interfere with the process of virus transmission. To test this hypothesis, this study first addressed to what extent the mirid bug Dicyphus hesperus Knight induces plant defenses in tomato. Subsequently, the impact of this plant-omnivore interaction on the transmission of TYLCV was evaluated. Controlled cage experiments were performed in a greenhouse setting to evaluate the impact of mirids on virus transmission and vector acquisition by B. tabaci. While we observed a reduced number of whiteflies settling on plants exposed to D. hesperus, the plant defenses induced by the mirid bug did not affect TYLCV transmission and accumulation. Additionally, whiteflies were able to acquire comparable amounts of TYLCV on mirid-exposed plants and control plants. Overall, the induction of plant defenses by D. hesperus did not influence TYLCV transmission by whiteflies on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Legarrea
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Angela Gabrielle LaTora
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
- University of Georgia Extension Fulton County, 7741 Roswell Road NE, Room 248, Sandy Springs, GA 30350, USA
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S.D.A.—Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA;
| | - Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
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4
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Mai H, Qin T, Wei H, Yu Z, Pang G, Liang Z, Ni J, Yang H, Tang H, Xiao L, Liu H, Liu T. Overexpression of OsACL5 triggers environmentally-dependent leaf rolling and reduces grain size in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:833-847. [PMID: 37965680 PMCID: PMC10955489 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Major polyamines include putrescine, spermidine, spermine and thermospermine, which play vital roles in growth and adaptation against environmental changes in plants. Thermospermine (T-Spm) is synthetised by ACL5. The function of ACL5 in rice is still unknown. In this study, we used a reverse genetic strategy to investigate the biological function of OsACL5. We generated several knockout mutants by pYLCRISPR/Cas9 system and overexpressing (OE) lines of OsACL5. Interestingly, the OE plants exhibited environmentally-dependent leaf rolling, smaller grains, lighter 1000-grain weight and reduction in yield per plot. The area of metaxylem vessels of roots and leaves of OE plants were significantly smaller than those of WT, which possibly caused reduction in leaf water potential, resulting in leaf rolling with rise in the environmental temperature and light intensity and decrease in humidity. Additionally, the T-Spm contents were markedly increased by over ninefold whereas the ethylene evolution was reduced in OE plants, suggesting that T-Spm signalling pathway interacts with ethylene pathway to regulate multiple agronomic characters. Moreover, the osacl5 exhibited an increase in grain length, 1000-grain weight, and yield per plot. OsACL5 may affect grain size via mediating the expression of OsDEP1, OsGS3 and OsGW2. Furthermore, haplotypes analysis indicated that OsACL5 plays a conserved function on regulating T-Spm levels during the domestication of rice. Our data demonstrated that identification of OsACL5 provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological mechanism of T-Spm which may play roles in triggering environmentally dependent leaf rolling; OsACL5 will be an important gene resource for molecular breeding for higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafu Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiman Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haishan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiying Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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5
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Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Murillo E, Vives-Peris V, Zhao J, Deng C, Gómez-Cadenas A, Alcázar R. Spermine deficiency shifts the balance between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid-mediated defence responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3949-3970. [PMID: 37651604 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic polycations present in all living organisms. In plants, the most abundant polyamines are putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). Polyamine levels change in response to different pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). However, the regulation of polyamine metabolism and their specific contributions to defence are not fully understood. Here we report that stimulation of Put biosynthesis by Pst DC3000 is dependent on coronatine (COR) perception and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, independently of salicylic acid (SA). Conversely, lack of Spm in spermine synthase (spms) mutant stimulated galactolipids and JA biosynthesis, and JA signalling under basal conditions and during Pst DC3000 infection, whereas compromised SA-pathway activation and defence outputs through SA-JA antagonism. The dampening of SA responses correlated with COR and Pst DC3000-inducible deregulation of ANAC019 expression and its key SA-metabolism gene targets. Spm deficiency also led to enhanced disease resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling in response to Pst DC3000. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the integration of polyamine metabolism in JA- and SA-mediated defence responses, as well as the participation of Spm in buffering ER stress during defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Murillo
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cuiyun Deng
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Singh DP, Maurya S, Yerasu SR, Bisen MS, Farag MA, Prabha R, Shukla R, Chaturvedi KK, Farooqi MS, Srivastava S, Rai A, Sarma BK, Rai N, Behera TK. Metabolomics of early blight (Alternaria solani) susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) unfolds key biomarker metabolites and involved metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21023. [PMID: 38030710 PMCID: PMC10687106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-D-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | | | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Md Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Birinchi Kumar Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
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7
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Moola N, Jardine A, Audenaert K, Rafudeen MS. 6-deoxy-6-amino chitosan: a preventative treatment in the tomato/ Botrytis cinerea pathosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282050. [PMID: 37881612 PMCID: PMC10595175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
6-deoxy-6-amino chitosan (aminochitosan) is a water-soluble chitosan derivative with an additional amine group at the C-6 position. This modification has improved aqueous solubility, in vitro antifungal activity and is hypothesized to have enhanced in vivo antifungal activity compared to native chitosan. Gray mold disease in tomatoes is caused by the fungus, Botrytis cinerea, and poses a severe threat both pre- and post-harvest. To investigate the optimal concentration of aminochitosan and its lower molecular weight fractions for antifungal and priming properties in the tomato/B. cinerea pathosystem, different concentrations of aminochitosan were tested in vitro on B. cinerea growth and sporulation and in vivo as a foliar pre-treatment in tomato leaves. The leaves were monitored for photosynthetic changes using multispectral imaging and hydrogen peroxide accumulation using DAB. Despite batch-to-batch variations in aminochitosan, it displayed significantly greater inhibition of B. cinerea in vitro than native chitosan at a minimum concentration of 1 mg/mL. A concentration-dependent increase in the in vitro antifungal activities was observed for radial growth, sporulation, and germination with maximum in vitro inhibition for all the biopolymer batches and lower MW fractions at 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. However, the inhibition threshold for aminochitosan was identified as 1 mg/mL for spores germinating in vivo, compared to the 2.5 mg/mL threshold in vitro. The pre-treatment of leaves displayed efficacy in priming direct and systemic resistance to B. cinerea infection at 4, 6 and 30 days post-inoculation by maintaining elevated Fv/Fm activity and chlorophyll content due to a stronger and more rapid elicitation of the defense systems at earlier time points. Moreover, these defense systems appear to be ROS-independent at higher concentrations (1 and 2.5 mg/mL). In addition, aminochitosan accumulates in the cell membrane and therefore acts to increase the membrane permeability of cells after foliar spray. These observations corroborate the notion that aminochitosan biopolymers can exert their effects through both direct mechanisms of action and indirect immunostimulatory mechanisms. The contrast between in vitro and in vivo efficacy highlights the bimodal mechanisms of action of aminochitosan and the advantageous role of primed plant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadirah Moola
- Laboratory of Plant Stress, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anwar Jardine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen
- Laboratory of Plant Stress, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Yadav P, Ansari MW, Kaula BC, Rao YR, Meselmani MA, Siddiqui ZH, Brajendra, Kumar SB, Rani V, Sarkar A, Rakwal R, Gill SS, Tuteja N. Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111736. [PMID: 37211221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity stress imposes risk consequences on growth and developmental processes of tomato through toxicity by ethylene (ET) and cyanide (HCN), and ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Recent research has clarified how salinity stress induced-ACS and - β-CAS expressions stimulate the accumulation of ET and HCN, wherein the action of salicylic acid (SA),compatible solutes (CSs), polyamines (PAs) and ET inhibitors (ETIs) regulate ET and HCN metabolism. Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, β-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Babeeta C Kaula
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yalaga Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moaed Al Meselmani
- School of Biosciences, Alfred Denny Building, Grantham Centre, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
| | | | - Brajendra
- Division of Soil Science, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of GourBanga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Alfaro-Quezada JF, Martínez JP, Molinett S, Valenzuela M, Montenegro I, Ramírez I, Dorta F, Ávila-Valdés A, Gharbi E, Zhou M, Dailly H, Quinet M, Lutts S, Seeger M. Rootstock increases the physiological defence of tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2891-2911. [PMID: 36723875 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has intensified the infection of tomato plants by pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Rootstocks may increase plant tolerance to leaf phytopathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tolerant Poncho Negro (R) tomato rootstock on physiological defence and the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in susceptible Limachino (L) tomato plant responses to Pst attack. Ungrafted (L), self-grafted (L/L), and grafted (L/R) plants were infected with Pst. Rootstock increased the concentration of antioxidant compounds including ascorbate in the scion. Tolerant rootstock induced an increase of H2S in the scion, which correlated with enhanced expression of the SlAPX2 gene. A high accumulation of salicylic acid was observed in Pst-inoculated grafted L/L and L/R plants, but this was higher in L/R plants. The increase of H2S during Pst infection was associated with a reduction of ethylene in L/R plants. Our study indicates that the Poncho Negro rootstock reduced the symptoms of bacterial speck disease in the Limachino tomato plants, conferring tolerance to Pst infection. This study provides new knowledge about the impact of rootstock in the defence of tomato plants against leaf pathogens that could be used in sustainable management of tomato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Alfaro-Quezada
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional La Cruz, Chorrillos 86, La Cruz, Chile
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Frutales, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional Quilamapu, Avenida Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional La Cruz, Chorrillos 86, La Cruz, Chile
| | - Sebastian Molinett
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional La Cruz, Chorrillos 86, La Cruz, Chile
| | - Miryam Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ivan Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Ingrid Ramírez
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando Dorta
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrea Ávila-Valdés
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Centro de Investigación en Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emna Gharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mingxi Zhou
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène Dailly
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile
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Fanelli G, Kuzmanović L, Giovenali G, Tundo S, Mandalà G, Rinalducci S, Ceoloni C. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals a Multi-Faceted Resistance Response to Fusarium Head Blight Mediated by the Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E Locus Transferred via Chromosome Engineering into Wheat. Cells 2023; 12:1113. [PMID: 37190021 PMCID: PMC10136595 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E locus has been proven to confer outstanding resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) when transferred into wheat, minimizing yield loss and mycotoxin accumulation in grains. Despite their biological relevance and breeding implications, the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistant phenotype associated with Fhb7E have not been fully uncovered. To gain a broader understanding of processes involved in this complex plant-pathogen interaction, we analysed via untargeted metabolomics durum wheat (DW) rachises and grains upon spike inoculation with Fusarium graminearum (Fg) and water. The employment of DW near-isogenic recombinant lines carrying or lacking the Th. elongatum chromosome 7E region including Fhb7E on their 7AL arm, allowed clear-cut distinction between differentially accumulated disease-related metabolites. Besides confirming the rachis as key site of the main metabolic shift in plant response to FHB, and the upregulation of defence pathways (aromatic amino acid, phenylpropanoid, terpenoid) leading to antioxidants and lignin accumulation, novel insights were revealed. Fhb7E conferred constitutive and early-induced defence response, in which specific importance of polyamine biosynthesis, glutathione and vitamin B6 metabolisms, along with presence of multiple routes for deoxynivalenol detoxification, was highlighted. The results suggested Fhb7E to correspond to a compound locus, triggering a multi-faceted plant response to Fg, effectively limiting Fg growth and mycotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Kuzmanović
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gloria Giovenali
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
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11
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Lacrampe N, Colombié S, Dumont D, Nicot P, Lecompte F, Lugan R. Nitrogen-mediated metabolic patterns of susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stems. PLANTA 2023; 257:41. [PMID: 36680621 PMCID: PMC9867679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe N stress allows an accumulation of C-based compounds but impedes that of N-based compounds required to lower the susceptibility of tomato stem to Botrytis cinerea. Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic filamentous fungus, forms potentially lethal lesions on the stems of infected plants. Contrasted levels of susceptibility to B. cinerea were obtained in a tomato cultivar grown on a range of nitrate concentration: low N supply resulted in high susceptibility while high N supply conferred a strong resistance. Metabolic deviations and physiological traits resulting from both infection and nitrogen limitation were investigated in the symptomless stem tissue surrounding the necrotic lesion. Prior to infection, nitrogen-deficient plants showed reduced levels of nitrogen-based compounds such as amino acids, proteins, and glutathione and elevated levels of carbon-based and defence compounds such as α-tomatine and chlorogenic acid. After B. cinerea inoculation, all plants displayed a few common responses, mainly alanine accumulation and galactinol depletion. The metabolome of resistant plants grown under high N supply showed no significant change after inoculation. On the contrary, the metabolome of susceptible plants grown under low N supply showed massive metabolic adjustments, including changes in central metabolism around glutamate and respiratory pathways, suggesting active resource mobilization and production of energy and reducing power. Redox and defence metabolisms were also stimulated by the infection in plants grown under low N supply; glutathione and chlorogenic acid accumulated, as well as metabolites with more controversial defensive roles, such as polyamines, GABA, branched-chain amino acids and phytosterols. Taken together, the results showed that nitrogen deficiency, although leading to an increase in secondary metabolites even before the pathogen attack, must have compromised the constitutive levels of defence proteins and delayed or attenuated the induced responses. The involvement of galactinol, alanine, cycloartenol and citramalate in the tomato stem response to B. cinerea is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH Unit, INRAE, 84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Raphaël Lugan
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
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12
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Tóth L, Poór P, Ördög A, Váradi G, Farkas A, Papp C, Bende G, Tóth GK, Rákhely G, Marx F, Galgóczy L. The combination of Neosartorya ( Aspergillus) fischeri antifungal proteins with rationally designed γ-core peptide derivatives is effective for plant and crop protection. BIOCONTROL (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 67:249-262. [PMID: 35463117 PMCID: PMC8993730 DOI: 10.1007/s10526-022-10132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant pathogenic fungi are responsible for enormous crop losses worldwide. Overcoming this problem is challenging as these fungi can be highly resistant to approved chemical fungicides. There is thus a need to develop and introduce fundamentally new plant and crop protection strategies for sustainable agricultural production. Highly stable extracellular antifungal proteins (AFPs) and their rationally designed peptide derivatives (PDs) constitute feasible options to meet this challenge. In the present study, their potential for topical application to protect plants and crops as combinatorial biofungicides is supported by the investigation of two Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri AFPs (NFAP and NFAP2) and their γ-core PDs. Previously, the biofungicidal potential of NFAP, its rationally designed γ-core PD (γNFAP-opt), and NFAP2 was reported. Susceptibility tests in the present study extended the in vitro antifungal spectrum of NFAP2 and its γ-core PD (γNFAP2-opt) to Botrytis, Cladosporium, and Fusarium spp. Besides, in vitro additive or indifferent interactions, and synergism were observed when NFAP or NFAP2 was applied in combination with γNFAP-opt. Except for γNFAP2-opt, the investigated proteins and peptides did not show any toxicity to tomato plant leaves. The application of NFAP in combination with γNFAP-opt effectively inhibited conidial germination, biofilm formation, and hyphal extension of the necrotrophic mold Botrytis cinerea on tomato plant leaves. However, the same combination only partially impeded the B. cinerea-mediated decay of tomato fruits, but mitigated the symptoms. Our results highlight the feasibility of using the combination of AFP and PD as biofungicide for the fungal infection control in plants and crops. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10526-022-10132-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliána Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Váradi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bende
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Florentine Marx
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - László Galgóczy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Zhgun AA, Eldarov MA. Polyamines Upregulate Cephalosporin C Production and Expression of β-Lactam Biosynthetic Genes in High-Yielding Acremonium chrysogenum Strain. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216636. [PMID: 34771045 PMCID: PMC8588317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-yielding production of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi is obtained by random mutagenesis; such changes may be associated with shifts in the metabolism of polyamines. We have previously shown that, in the Acremonium chrysogenum cephalosporin C high-yielding strain (HY), the content of endogenous polyamines increased by four- to five-fold. Other studies have shown that the addition of exogenous polyamines can increase the production of target secondary metabolites in highly active fungal producers, in particular, increase the biosynthesis of β-lactams in the Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 strain, an improved producer of penicillin G. In the current study, we demonstrate that the introduction of exogenous polyamines, such as spermidine or 1,3-diaminopropane, to A. chrysogenum wild-type (WT) and HY strains, leads to an increase in colony germination and morphological changes in a complete agar medium. The addition of 5 mM polyamines during fermentation increases the production of cephalosporin C in the A. chrysogenum HY strain by 15-20% and upregulates genes belonging to the beta-lactam biosynthetic cluster. The data obtained indicate the intersection of the metabolisms of polyamines and beta-lactams in A. chrysogenum and are important for the construction of improved producers of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi.
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Upadhyay RK, Fatima T, Handa AK, Mattoo AK. Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743568. [PMID: 34721469 PMCID: PMC8555666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines have been implicated in ameliorating the detrimental effects of drought and saline conditions on plant growth and development. The independent impact of these two abiotic stresses on polyamine (PA) biosynthesis, catabolism, and homeostasis, as well as on their transcript abundance in tomato leaves, is presented here. We show that the total levels of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) increase up to 72 h during drought and up to 48 h during salinity stress before their precipitable drop thereafter. Thus, tomato plants maintain survivability to drought as well as salinity stress for up to 3 and 2 days, respectively. Independent multivariant analyses of drought and salinity stress kinetic data separately showed a closer association with levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of SPD and SPM, but not with free or bound PUT. However, combined multivariant analyses showed a closer association of free SPD, conjugated SPD, and bound SPD with both stresses; SPD-bound and SPM conjugated with drought; and free SPM and conjugated PUT with salinity stress, respectively. PA biosynthesis genes, ARG1, SPDS1, and SAMDc3, segregated with drought and SPDS2 with salinity stress. PA catabolic genes CuAO4-like and PAO4 were associated with drought and salinity stresses, respectively, suggesting differential involvement of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes in drought and salinity stresses. Pearson correlation indicated mostly positive correlations between the levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PUT, SPD, and SPM under drought and salinity stress. However, negative correlations were mostly seen between the levels of various forms of the PAs and their biosynthesis/catabolic genes. Levels of different PA forms had a twofold higher negative correlation during drought as compared to salinity stress (66 vs. 32) and with transcript levels of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes. Transcripts of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding genes were generally positively associated with different forms of PAs but negatively to carbon flow genes. Most of the PA biosynthesis genes were coordinately regulated under both stresses. Collectively, these results indicate that PAs are distinctly regulated under drought and salinity stress with different but specific homologs of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes contributing to the accumulation of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Upadhyay
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
- Center of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tahira Fatima
- Center of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Avtar K Handa
- Center of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
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15
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Takács Z, Poór P, Tari I. Interaction between polyamines and ethylene in the response to salicylic acid under normal photoperiod and prolonged darkness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:470-480. [PMID: 34419831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of salicylic acid (SA) on ethylene (ET) production and polyamine (PA) metabolism was investigated in wild type (WT) and ET receptor mutant Never ripe (Nr) tomato leaves under normal photoperiod and prolonged darkness. Nr displayed higher ET emanation compared to WT under control conditions and after SA treatments, but the ET signalling was blocked in these tissues. The accumulation of PAs was induced by 1 mM but not by 0.1 mM SA and was higher in WT than in Nr leaves. Upon 1 mM SA treatment, which caused hypersensitive response, illuminated leaves of WT showed high spermine (Spm) content in parallel with an increased expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and Spm synthase (SlSPMS) suggesting that this process depended on the light. In Nr, however, Spm content and the expression of the SlSPMS gene were very low independently of the light conditions and SA treatments. This suggests that Spm synthesis needs functional ET perception. In WT leaves 1 mM SA enhanced putrescine (Put) synthesis by increasing the expression of Put biosynthesis genes, arginine and ornithine decarboxylases under darkness, while they were down-regulated in Nr. The activities of diamine (DAO) and polyamine oxidases (PAO), however, were generally higher in Nr compared to the WT after SA treatments. In Nr both SA applications increased the expression of SlPAO1 under normal photoperiod, while SlPAO2 was down-regulated in the dark suggesting a diverse role of PAOs in PA catabolism. These results indicated that ET could modulate the SA-induced PA metabolism in light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Takács
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
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16
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Gerlin L, Baroukh C, Genin S. Polyamines: double agents in disease and plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1061-1071. [PMID: 34127368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous amine molecules found in all living organisms. In plants, beside their role in signaling and protection against abiotic stresses, there is increasing evidence that PAs have a major role in the interaction between plants and pathogens. Plant PAs are involved in immunity against pathogens, notably by amplifying pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response, pathogens use phytotoxins and effectors to manipulate the levels of PAs in the plant, most likely to their own benefit. It also appears that pathogenic microorganisms produce PAs during infection, sometimes in large quantities. This may reflect different infectious strategies based on the selective exploitation of these molecules and the functions they perform in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Gerlin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Baroukh
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Genin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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17
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Figon F, Baldwin IT, Gaquerel E. Ethylene is a local modulator of jasmonate-dependent phenolamide accumulation during Manduca sexta herbivory in Nicotiana attenuata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:964-981. [PMID: 33215737 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid reconfigurations of interconnected phytohormone signalling networks allow plants to tune their physiology to constantly varying ecological conditions. During insect herbivory, most of the induced changes in defence-related leaf metabolites are controlled by jasmonate (JA) signalling, which, in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, recruits MYB8, a transcription factor controlling the accumulation of phenolic-polyamine conjugates (phenolamides). In this and other plant species, herbivory also locally triggers ethylene (ET) production but the outcome of the JA-ET cross-talk at the level of secondary metabolism regulation has remained only superficially investigated. Here, we analysed local and systemic herbivory-induced changes by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in leaves of transgenic plants impaired in JA, ET and MYB8 signalling. Parsing deregulations in this factorial data-set identified a network of JA/MYB8-dependent phenolamides for which impairment of ET signalling attenuated their accumulation only in locally damaged leaves. Further experiments revealed that ET, albeit biochemically interrelated to polyamine metabolism via the intermediate S-adenosylmethionine, does not alter the free polyamine levels, but instead significantly modulates phenolamide levels with marginal modulations of transcript levels. The work identifies ET as a local modulator of phenolamide accumulations and provides a metabolomics data-platform with which to mine associations among herbivory-induced signalling and specialized metabolites in N. attenuata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Figon
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Master BioSciences, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Zhu L, Qian N, Sun Y, Lu X, Duan H, Qian L. Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 Enhances Cucumber Defense Responses Against the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis cinerea by Regulating Thermospermine Catabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645338. [PMID: 33692821 PMCID: PMC7937916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants can naturally interact with beneficial rhizobacteria to mediate defense responses against foliar pathogen infection. However, the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-mediated defense enhancement remain rarely clear. In this study, beneficial rhizobacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DN16 greatly increased the resistance of cucumber plants against Botrytis cinerea infection. RNA-sequencing analyses showed that several polyamine-associated genes including a thermospermine (TSpm) synthase gene (CsACL5) and polyamine catabolic genes (CsPAO1, CsPAO5, and CsCuAO1) were notably induced by DN16. The associations of TSpm metabolic pathways with the DN16-mediated cucumber defense responses were further investigated. The inoculated plants exhibited the increased leaf TSpm levels compared with the controls. Accordantly, overexpression of CsACL5 in cucumber plants markedly increased leaf TSpm levels and enhanced defense against B. cinerea infection. The functions of TSpm catabolism in the DN16-mediated defense responses of cucumber plants to B. cinerea were further investigated by pharmacological approaches. Upon exposure to pathogen infection, the changes of leaf TSpm levels were positively related to the enhanced activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes including polyamine oxidases (PAOs) and copper amine oxidases (CuAOs), which paralleled the transcription of several defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CsPR1) and defensin-like protein 1 (CsDLP1). However, the inhibited activities of polyamine catabolic enzymes abolished the DN16-induced cucumber defense against B. cinerea infection. This was in line with the impaired expression of defense-related genes in the inoculated plants challenged by B. cinerea. Collectively, our findings unraveled a pivotal role of TSpm catabolism in the regulation of the rhizobacteria-primed defense states by mediating the immune responses in cucumber plants after B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Nana Qian
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- College of Life science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lisheng Qian
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- College of Life science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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19
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Limami AM, Van den Ende W. Spermine and Spermidine Priming against Botrytis cinerea Modulates ROS Dynamics and Metabolism in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:223. [PMID: 33562549 PMCID: PMC7914871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous small aliphatic polycations important for growth, development, and environmental stress responses in plants. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) induced cell death at high concentrations, but primed resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. At low concentrations, Spm was more effective than Spd. Treatments with higher exogenous Spd and Spm concentrations resulted in a biphasic endogenous PA accumulation. Exogenous Spm induced the accumulation of H2O2 after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. Both Spm and Spd induced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. The soluble sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose accumulated after treatment with high concentrations of PAs, whereas only Spm induced sugar accumulation after infection. Total and active nitrate reductase (NR) activities were inhibited by Spm treatment, whereas Spd inhibited active NR at low concentrations but promoted active NR at high concentrations. Finally, γaminobutyric acid accumulated after treatment and infection in plants treated with high concentrations of Spm. Phenylalanine and asparagine also accumulated after infection in plants treated with a high concentration of Spm. Our data illustrate that Spm and Spd are effective in priming resistance against B. cinerea, opening the door for the development of sustainable alternatives for chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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20
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Xu W, Gao S, Song J, Yang Q, Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li H, Yang C, Ye Z. NDW, encoding a receptor-like protein kinase, regulates plant growth, cold tolerance and susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110684. [PMID: 33218645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize different mechanisms to respond and adapt to continuously changing environmental factors. Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) comprise one of the largest families of plant transmembrane signaling proteins, which play critical and diverse roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Here, we identified the necrotic dwarf (ndw) mutant introgression line (IL) 6-2, which demonstrated stunting, leaf curl, and progressive necrosis at low temperatures. Based on map-based cloning and transgenic analysis, we determined that the phenotype of ndw mutant is caused by decreased expression of NDW, which encodes an RLK. NDW is a plasma membrane and cytoplasmic located protein. Overexpression of NDW can restore both of the semi-dwarf and necrotic phenotype in IL6-2 at low temperatures, further we found that NDW could significantly reduce susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. On the contrary, knockdown NDW in M82 plants could increase the sensitivity to B. cinerea. Furthermore, transcriptional expression analysis showed that NDW affects the expression of genes related to the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that NDW plays an important role in regulating plant growth, cold tolerance and mitigating susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization (Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops), College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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21
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Liu M, Zhang Q, Wang C, Meng T, Wang L, Chen C, Ren Z. CsWRKY10 mediates defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in Cucumis sativus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 300:110640. [PMID: 33180717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world, and its yield is often reduced due to the infection of Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), which causes a serious disease. However, few genes involved in the response to B. cinerea have been identified in cucumber. In this study, we identified that CsWRKY10 plays a key role in the cucumber resistance to B. cinerea because that the overexpression of CsWRKY10 significantly increased the susceptibility to B. cinerea in cucumber. After the pathogen infection, the enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in transgenic plants were affected, resulting in the decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents. In addition, the light microscopic images showed that overexpression of CsWRKY10 promoted the spore germination and mycelia elongation of B. cinerea in cucumber. Importantly, after B. cinerea infection, the contents of jasmonic acid (JA) are decreased, and the expression levels of JA- and salicylic acid- related defence genes significantly changed in transgenic plants. In contrast, overexpression of CsWRKY10 enhanced resistance to Corynespora cassiicola in cucumber. Collectively, this study indicated that CsWRKY10 negatively regulates the resistance of cucumber to B. cinerea by reducing the ROS contents and inhibiting the JA-mediated resistance signalling pathway, but strengthens resistance to Corynespora cassiicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Tianqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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22
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Plett JM, Plett KL, Wong-Bajracharya J, de Freitas Pereira M, Costa MD, Kohler A, Martin F, Anderson IC. Mycorrhizal effector PaMiSSP10b alters polyamine biosynthesis in Eucalyptus root cells and promotes root colonization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:712-727. [PMID: 32562507 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes are known to manipulate the defences of their hosts through the production of secreted effector proteins. More recently, mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi have also been described as using these secreted effectors to promote host colonization. Here we characterize a mycorrhiza-induced small secreted effector protein of 10 kDa produced by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus albus, PaMiSSP10b. We demonstrate that PaMiSSP10b is secreted from fungal hyphae, enters the cells of its host, Eucalyptus grandis, and interacts with an S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) in the polyamine pathway. Plant polyamines are regulatory molecules integral to the plant immune system during microbial challenge. Using biochemical and transgenic approaches we show that expression of PaMiSSP10b influences levels of polyamines in the plant roots as it enhances the enzymatic activity of AdoMetDC and increases the biosynthesis of higher polyamines. This ultimately favours the colonization success of P. albus. These results identify a new mechanism by which mutualistic microbes are able to manipulate the host´s enzymatic pathways to favour colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Johanna Wong-Bajracharya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Maíra de Freitas Pereira
- INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA GrandEst Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
- Bolsista do CNPq, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dutra Costa
- Bolsista do CNPq, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA GrandEst Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Francis Martin
- INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRA GrandEst Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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23
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Yang Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zhou K, Xue W, Abid K, Chen S. Redox Status, JA and ET Signaling Pathway Regulating Responses to Botrytis cinerea Infection Between the Resistant Cucumber Genotype and Its Susceptible Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:559070. [PMID: 33101327 PMCID: PMC7546314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range and the ability to causing great economic losses in cucumber. However, the resistance mechanism against this pathogen in cucumber was not well understood. In this study, the microscopic observation of the spore growth, redox status measurements and transcriptome analysis were carried out after Botrytis cinerea infection in the resistant genotype No.26 and its susceptible mutant 26M. Results revealed shorter hypha, lower rate of spore germination, less acceleration of H2O2, O2 -, and lower total glutathione content (GSH+GSSG) in No.26 than that in 26M, which were identified by the staining result of DAB and NBT. Transcriptome data showed that after pathogen infection, a total of 3901 and 789 different expression genes (DEGs) were identified in No.26 and 26M respectively. These DEGs were highly enriched in redox regulation pathway, hormone signaling pathway and plant-pathogen interaction pathway. The glutathione S-transferase genes, putative peroxidase gene, and NADPH oxidase were up-regulated in No.26 whereas these genes changed little in 26M after Botrytis cinerea infection. Jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways were distinctively activated in No.26 comparing with 26M upon infection. Much more plant defense related genes including mitogen-activated protein kinases, calmodulin, calmodulin-like protein, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and WRKY transcription factor were induced in No.26 than 26M after pathogen infection. Finally, a model was established which elucidated the resistance difference between resistant cucumber genotype and susceptible mutant after B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Keke Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Wanyu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Kan Abid
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
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24
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Li M, Lu J, Tao M, Li M, Yang H, Xia EH, Chen Q, Wan X. Genome-Wide Identification of Seven Polyamine Oxidase Genes in Camellia sinensis (L.) and Their Expression Patterns Under Various Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:544933. [PMID: 33013966 PMCID: PMC7500180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.544933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) in plant play a critical role in growth and development and in response to environmental stress. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent enzyme that plays a major role in PA catabolism. For the first time, PAO genes in tea plant were screened for the whole genome-wide and seven CsPAO genes were identified, which were named CsPAO1-7. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed seven CsPAO protein sequences classed into three groups, including clade I, III, and IV. Compared with other plants, the tea plant lacked clade II members. Genetic structure and tissue specific expression analysis showed that there were significant differences among members of the CsPAO gene family. Among members of the CsPAOs family, CsPAO4 and CsPAO5 contain more introns and are highly expressed in various organizations. CsPAO1, CsPAO4, and CsPAO5 genes were cloned and expressed heterologously to verify theirs function. Heat map showed high response of CsPAO5 to drought stress, while CsPAO1 and CsPAO2 were sensitive to changes in nitrogen nutrition. Furthermore, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment indicated that the expression of most CsPAO genes in roots and leaves was significantly induced. In the root, Spm content increased significantly, while Put and Spd content decreased, suggesting that ABA has great influence on the biosynthesis of PAs. Anaerobic treatment of picked tea leaves showed that the decomposition of PAs was promoted to a certain extent. The above data help to clarify the role of CsPAO in response abiotic and nitrogen nutritional stresses in tea plants, and provide a reference perspective for the potential influence of PAs on the tea processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingmin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - En-hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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25
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Tóth L, Boros É, Poór P, Ördög A, Kele Z, Váradi G, Holzknecht J, Bratschun‐Khan D, Nagy I, Tóth GK, Rákhely G, Marx F, Galgóczy L. The potential use of the Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF, the designed variant PAF opt and its γ-core peptide Pγ opt in plant protection. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1403-1414. [PMID: 32207883 PMCID: PMC7415367 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of enormous crop losses caused by pesticide-resistant fungi is a serious challenge in agriculture. Application of alternative fungicides, such as antifungal proteins and peptides, provides a promising basis to overcome this problem; however, their direct use in fields suffers limitations, such as high cost of production, low stability, narrow antifungal spectrum and toxicity on plant or mammalian cells. Recently, we demonstrated that a Penicillium chrysogenum-based expression system provides a feasible tool for economic production of P. chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF) and a rational designed variant (PAFopt ), in which the evolutionary conserved γ-core motif was modified to increase antifungal activity. In the present study, we report for the first time that γ-core modulation influences the antifungal spectrum and efficacy of PAF against important plant pathogenic ascomycetes, and the synthetic γ-core peptide Pγopt , a derivative of PAFopt , is antifungal active against these pathogens in vitro. Finally, we proved the protective potential of PAF against Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plant leaves. The lack of any toxic effects on mammalian cells and plant seedlings, as well as the high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions and proteolytic degradation further strengthen our concept for applicability of these proteins and peptide in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliána Tóth
- Institute of Plant BiologyBiological Research CentreTemesvári krt. 62H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Éva Boros
- Institute of BiochemistryBiological Research CentreTemesvári krt. 62H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant BiologyFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedKözép fasor 52H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant BiologyFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedKözép fasor 52H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medical ChemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8H‐6720SzegedHungary
| | - Györgyi Váradi
- Department of Medical ChemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8H‐6720SzegedHungary
| | - Jeanett Holzknecht
- Institute of Molecular BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnrain 80‐82A‐6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Doris Bratschun‐Khan
- Institute of Molecular BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnrain 80‐82A‐6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - István Nagy
- Institute of BiochemistryBiological Research CentreTemesvári krt. 62H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical ChemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8H‐6720SzegedHungary
- MTA‐SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research GroupUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8H‐6720SzegedHungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedKözép fasor 52H‐6726SzegedHungary
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research CentreTemesvári krt. 62H‐6726SzegedHungary
| | - Florentine Marx
- Institute of Molecular BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnrain 80‐82A‐6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - László Galgóczy
- Institute of Plant BiologyBiological Research CentreTemesvári krt. 62H‐6726SzegedHungary
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedKözép fasor 52H‐6726SzegedHungary
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26
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Jo YS, Park HB, Kim JY, Choi SM, Lee DS, Kim DH, Lee YH, Park CJ, Jeun YC, Hong JK. Menadione Sodium Bisulfite-Protected Tomato Leaves against Grey Mould via Antifungal Activity and Enhanced Plant Immunity. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:335-345. [PMID: 32788892 PMCID: PMC7403521 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2020.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato grey mould has been one of the destructive fungal diseases during tomato production. Ten mM of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) was applied to tomato plants for eco-friendly control of the grey mould. MSB-reduced tomato grey mould in the 3rd true leaves was prolonged at least 7 days prior to the fungal inoculation of two inoculum densities (2 × 104 and 2 × 105 conidia/ml) of Botrytis cinerea. Protection efficacy was significantly higher in the leaves inoculated with the lower disease pressure of conidial suspension compared to the higher one. MSB-pretreatment was not effective to arrest oxalic acid-triggered necrosis on tomato leaves. Plant cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were restricted in necrotic lesions of the B. cinereainoculated leaves by the MSB-pretreatment. Decreased conidia number and germ-tube elongation of B. cinerea were found at 10 h, and mycelial growth was also impeded at 24 h on the MSB-pretreated leaves. MSBmediated disease suppressions were found in cotyledons and different positions (1st to 5th) of true leaves inoculated with the lower conidial suspension, but only 1st to 3rd true leaves showed decreases in lesion sizes by the higher inoculum density. Increasing MSB-pretreatment times more efficiently decreased the lesion size by the higher disease pressure. MSB led to inducible expressions of defence-related genes SlPR1a, SlPR1b, SlPIN2, SlACO1, SlChi3, and SlChi9 in tomato leaves prior to B. cinerea infection. These results suggest that MSB pretreatment can be a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for environment-friendly management of tomato grey mould.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Sook Jo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hye Bin Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Seong Min Choi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Da Sol Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Yong-Chull Jeun
- College of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 52725, Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-55-751-3251, FAX) +82-55-751-3257, E-mail) , ORCID, Jeum Kyu Hong, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-511X
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The Effect of Ethylene on the Color Change and Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Infection in 'Kyoho' Grape Fruits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070892. [PMID: 32645910 PMCID: PMC7404975 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of grape quality and the mechanism of resistance against foreign pathogens affect the storage stability of fruits during post-harvest handling. Ethylene plays a crucial role in regulating the ripeness of fruits and can be used as an exogenous regulator to resist exogenous pathogens. In this study, we used different concentrations of ethephon for treatment of grape fruits before veraison, analyzed the anthocyanin content, soluble solids, titratable acid, and determined fruit firmness and cell wall metabolism-related enzymes during fruit development. Results showed that exogenous ethephon promoted the early coloration of grape fruits and increased the coloring-related genes myeloblastosis A1(MYBA1), myeloblastosis A2(MYBA2), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase gene (F3’H), flavonoid 3’, 5’hydroxylase (F3’5’H), 3-O-flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), softening related genes Polygalacturonase(PG), pectinate lyases(PL) and Pectin methylesterase( PME, as well as ethylene metabolism pathway-related genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1(ACS1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2 (ACO2), ethylene receptor gene(ETR2), and ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3). Ethephon treatment also increased soluble solids and decreased titratable acid in grape fruit. Fruits pretreated with ethephon were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, which led to resistance in grape fruit through activation of the antioxidant system. The expression levels of disease resistance-related genes including VvPAD4, VvPIP1, VvNAC26, VvDREB, VvAPX, Vvpgip, VvWRKY70, VvMYC2, VvNPR1 also increased in inoculated fruit with pathogen following ethephon pretreatment. Furthermore, we monitored ethylene response factor 1(ERF1) transcription factor, which could interact with protein EIN3 during ethylene signal transduction and mediate fruit resistance against B. cinerea infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of VvERF1 vectorin strawberry fruits reduced the susceptibility to B. cinerea infection. We suggest that ethylene can induce resistance in ripened fruits after B. cinerea infection and provide adequate postharvest care.
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Asano T, Nguyen THN, Yasuda M, Sidiq Y, Nishimura K, Nakashita H, Nishiuchi T. Arabidopsis MAPKKK δ-1 is required for full immunity against bacterial and fungal infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2085-2097. [PMID: 31844896 PMCID: PMC7094076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Arabidopsis encodes more than 60 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) kinases (MAPKKKs); however, the functions of most MAPKKKs and their downstream MAPKKs are largely unknown. Here, MAPKKK δ-1 (MKD1), a novel Raf-like MAPKKK, was isolated from Arabidopsis as a subunit of a complex including the transcription factor AtNFXL1, which is involved in the trichothecene phytotoxin response and in disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). A MKD1-dependent cascade positively regulates disease resistance against PstDC3000 and the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing fungal pathogen Fusarium sporotrichioides. MKD1 expression was induced by trichothecenes derived from Fusarium species. MKD1 directly interacted with MKK1 and MKK5 in vivo, and phosphorylated MKK1 and MKK5 in vitro. Correspondingly, mkk1 mutants and MKK5RNAi transgenic plants showed enhanced susceptibility to F. sporotrichioides. MKD1 was required for full activation of two MAPKs (MPK3 and MPK6) by the T-2 toxin and flg22. Finally, quantitative phosphoproteomics suggested that an MKD1-dependent cascade controlled phosphorylation of a disease resistance protein, SUMO, and a mycotoxin-detoxifying enzyme. Our findings suggest that the MKD1-MKK1/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6-dependent signaling cascade is involved in the full immune responses against both bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Asano
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Thi Hang-Ni Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Yasuda
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasir Sidiq
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Shen Q, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen J, Ma H, Cui Z, Zhang X, Ge C, Liu R, Li Y, Zhao X, Yang G, Song M, Pang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Seed Germination in Cotton in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062067. [PMID: 32197292 PMCID: PMC7139662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum L., is a widely cultivated cotton species around the world, but its production is seriously threatened by its susceptibility to chilling stress. Low temperature affects its germination, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are rarely known, particularly from a transcriptional perspective. In this study, transcriptomic profiles were analyzed and compared between two cotton varieties, the cold-tolerant variety KN27-3 and susceptible variety XLZ38. A total of 7535 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among them, the transcripts involved in energy metabolism were significantly enriched during germination based on analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and glyoxylate cycle (GAC). Results from further GO enrichment analysis show the earlier appearance of DNA integration, meristem growth, cotyledon morphogenesis, and other biological processes in KN27-3 compared with XLZ38 under chilling conditions. The synthesis of asparagine, GDP-mannose, and trehalose and the catabolic process of raffinose were activated. DEGs encoding antioxidants (spermidine) and antioxidase (CAT1, GPX4, DHAR2, and APX1) were much more up-regulated in embryos of KN27-3. The content of auxin (IAA), cis-zeatin riboside (cZR), and trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) in KN27-3 are higher than that in XLZ38 at five stages (from 12 h to 54 h). GA3 was expressed at a higher level in KN27-3 from 18 h to 54 h post imbibition compared to that in XLZ38. And abscisic acid (ABA) content of KN27-3 is lower than that in XLZ38 at five stages. Results from hormone content measurements and the related gene expression analysis indicated that IAA, CTK, and GA3 may promote germination of the cold-tolerant variety, while ABA inhibits it. These results expand the understanding of cottonseed germination and physiological regulations under chilling conditions by multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Siping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huijuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ziqian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Changwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; (Q.S.); (S.Z.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (H.M.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (R.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); (C.P.)
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Tsaniklidis G, Pappi P, Tsafouros A, Charova SN, Nikoloudakis N, Roussos PA, Paschalidis KA, Delis C. Polyamine homeostasis in tomato biotic/abiotic stress cross-tolerance. Gene 2019; 727:144230. [PMID: 31743771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adverse conditions and biotic strain can lead to significant losses and impose limitations on plant yield. Polyamines (PAs) serve as regulatory molecules for both abiotic/biotic stress responses and cell protection in unfavourable environments. In this work, the transcription pattern of 24 genes orchestrating PA metabolism was investigated in Cucumber Mosaic Virus or Potato Virus Y infected and cold stressed tomato plants. Expression analysis revealed a differential/pleiotropic pattern of gene regulation in PA homeostasis upon biotic, abiotic or combined stress stimuli, thus revealing a discrete response specific to diverse stimuli: (i) biotic stress-influenced genes, (ii) abiotic stress-influenced genes, and (iii) concurrent biotic/abiotic stress-regulated genes. The results support different roles for PAs against abiotic and biotic stress. The expression of several genes, significantly induced under cold stress conditions, is mitigated by a previous viral infection, indicating a possible priming-like mechanism in tomato plants pointing to crosstalk among stress signalling. Several genes and resulting enzymes of PA catabolism were stimulated upon viral infection. Hence, we suggest that PA catabolism resulting in elevated H2O2 levels could mediate defence against viral infection. However, after chilling, the activities of enzymes implicated in PA catabolism remained relatively stable or slightly reduced. This correlates to an increase in free PA content, designating a per se protective role of these compounds against abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Pappi
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsafouros
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Pomology, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Spyridoula N Charova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Athinon and Anexartisias 57, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Petros A Roussos
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Pomology, Iera Odos 75, Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Paschalidis
- Hellenic Mediterranean University, Department of Agriculture, 71004, Estavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- University of Peloponnese, Department of Agriculture, Antikalamos, Kalamata, 24100, Greece.
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31
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Baró-Montel N, Vall-Llaura N, Giné-Bordonaba J, Usall J, Serrano-Prieto S, Teixidó N, Torres R. Double-sided battle: The role of ethylene during Monilinia spp. infection in peach at different phenological stages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:324-333. [PMID: 31606717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Controversy exists on whether ethylene is involved in determining fruit resistance or susceptibility against biotic stress. In this work, the hypothesis that ethylene biosynthesis in peaches at different phenological stages may be modulated by Monilinia spp. was tested. To achieve this, at 49 and 126 d after full bloom (DAFB), ethylene biosynthesis of healthy and infected 'Merryl O'Henry' peaches with three strains of Monilinia spp. (M. fructicola (CPMC6) and M. laxa (CPML11 and ML8L) that differ in terms of aggressiveness) was analysed at the biochemical and molecular level along the course of infection in fruit stored at 20 °C. At 49 DAFB, results evidenced that infected fruit showed inhibition of ethylene production in comparison with non-inoculated fruit, suggesting that the three Monilinia strains were somehow suppressing ethylene biosynthesis to modify fruit defences to successfully infect the host. On the contrary, at 126 DAFB ethylene production increased concomitantly with brown rot spread, and values for non-inoculated fruit were almost undetectable throughout storage at 20 °C. The expression of several target genes involved in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway confirmed that they were differentially expressed upon Monilinia infection, pointing to a strain-dependent regulation. Notably, Prunus persica 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) (PpACS) family was the most over-expressed over time, demonstrating a positive ethylene regulation, especially at 126 DAFB. At this phenological stage it was demonstrated the ability of Monilinia spp. to alter ethylene biosynthesis through PpACS1 and benefit from the consequences of an ethylene burst likely on cell wall softening. Overall, our results put forward that infection not only among different strains but also at each stage is achieved by different mechanisms, with ethylene being a key factor in determining peach resistance or susceptibility to brown rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Baró-Montel
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Serrano-Prieto
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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32
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Funnell-Harris DL, Sattler SE, O'Neill PM, Gries T, Tetreault HM, Clemente TE. Response of Sorghum Enhanced in Monolignol Biosynthesis to Stalk Rot Pathogens. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2277-2287. [PMID: 31215851 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1622-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To increase phenylpropanoid constituents and energy content in the versatile C4 grass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), sorghum genes for proteins related to monolignol biosynthesis were overexpressed: SbMyb60 (transcriptional activator), SbPAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), SbCCoAOMT (caffeoyl coenzyme A [CoA] 3-O-methyltransferase), Bmr2 (4-coumarate:CoA ligase), and SbC3H (coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase). Overexpression lines were evaluated for responses to stalk pathogens under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot), which cause yield-reducing diseases. F. thapsinum-inoculated overexpression plants had mean lesion lengths not significantly different than wild-type, except for significantly smaller lesions on two of three SbMyb60 and one of two SbCCoAOMT lines. M. phaseolina-inoculated overexpression lines had lesions not significantly different from wild-type except one SbPAL line (of two lines studied) with mean lesion lengths significantly larger. Field-grown SbMyb60 and SbCCoAOMT overexpression plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum. Mean lesions of SbMyb60 lines were similar to wild-type, but one SbCCoAOMT had larger lesions, whereas the other line was not significantly different than wild-type. Because overexpression of SbMyb60, Bmr2, or SbC3H may not render sorghum more susceptible to stalk rots, these lines may provide sources for development of sorghum with increased phenylpropanoid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Tammy Gries
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Hannah M Tetreault
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Thomas E Clemente
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
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Fortes AM, Agudelo-Romero P, Pimentel D, Alkan N. Transcriptional Modulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Fruit Species Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31333688 PMCID: PMC6614878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are growth regulators that have been widely implicated in abiotic and biotic stresses. They are also associated with fruit set, ripening, and regulation of fruit quality-related traits. Modulation of their content confers fruit resilience, with polyamine application generally inhibiting postharvest decay. Changes in the content of free and conjugated polyamines in response to stress are highly dependent on the type of abiotic stress applied or the lifestyle of the pathogen. Recent studies suggest that exogenous application of polyamines or modulation of polyamine content by gene editing can confer tolerance to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses simultaneously. In this review, we explore data on polyamine synthesis and catabolism in fruit related to pre- and postharvest stresses. Studies of mutant plants, priming of stress responses, and treatments with polyamines and polyamine inhibitors indicate that these growth regulators can be manipulated to increase fruit productivity with reduced use of pesticides and therefore, under more sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Department of Plant Biology, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Department of Plant Biology, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Yu W, Yu M, Zhao R, Sheng J, Li Y, Shen L. Ethylene Perception Is Associated with Methyl-Jasmonate-Mediated Immune Response against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6725-6735. [PMID: 31117506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-mediated signaling pathways are reported to have synergistic effects on inhibiting gray mold. The present study aimed to explain the role of ethylene perception in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-mediated immune responses. Results showed that exogenous MeJA enhanced disease resistance, accompanied by the induction of endogenous JA biosynthesis and ethylene production, which led to the activation of the phenolic metabolism pathway. Blocking ethylene perception using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) either before or after MeJA treatment could differently weaken the disease responses induced by MeJA, including suppressing the induction of ethylene production and JA contents and reducing activities of lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase compared to MeJA treatment alone. Consequently, MeJA-induced elevations in the total phenolic content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, and peroxidase were impaired by 1-MCP. These results suggested that ethylene perception participated in MeJA-mediated immune responses in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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Tao Y, Wang J, Miao J, Chen J, Wu S, Zhu J, Zhang D, Gu H, Cui H, Shi S, Xu M, Yao Y, Gong Z, Yang Z, Gu M, Zhou Y, Liang G. The Spermine Synthase OsSPMS1 Regulates Seed Germination, Grain Size, and Yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1522-1536. [PMID: 30190417 PMCID: PMC6288755 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, play essential roles in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Rice (Oryza sativa) contains four putative spermidine/spermine synthase (SPMS)-encoding genes (OsSPMS1, OsSPMS2, OsSPMS3, and OsACAULIS5), but none have been functionally characterized. In this study, we used a reverse genetic strategy to investigate the biological function of OsSPMS1 We generated several homozygous RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression (OE) lines of OsSPMS1 Phenotypic analysis indicated that OsSPMS1 negatively regulates seed germination, grain size, and grain yield per plant. The ratio of spermine to spermidine was significantly lower in the RNAi lines and considerably higher in the OE lines than in the wild type, suggesting that OsSPMS1 may function as a SPMS. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine is a common precursor of polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene contents in seeds increased significantly in RNAi lines and decreased in OE lines, respectively, compared with the wild type. Additionally, the reduced germination rates and growth defects of OE lines could be rescued with ACC treatment. These data suggest that OsSPMS1 affects ethylene synthesis and may regulate seed germination and plant growth by affecting the ACC and ethylene pathways. Most importantly, an OsSPMS1 knockout mutant showed an increase in grain yield per plant in a high-yield variety, Suken118, suggesting that OsSPMS1 is an important target for yield enhancement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Houwen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyue Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Hatmi S, Villaume S, Trotel-Aziz P, Barka EA, Clément C, Aziz A. Osmotic Stress and ABA Affect Immune Response and Susceptibility of Grapevine Berries to Gray Mold by Priming Polyamine Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1010. [PMID: 30050554 PMCID: PMC6050403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic factors inducing osmotic stress can affect plant immunity and resistance against pathogen attack. Although a number of studies have characterized grapevine responses to various forms of biotic and abiotic stresses, the relationships between osmotic stress response and susceptibility of mature berries to Botrytis cinerea still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) on defense responses of mature grapevine berries before and after B. cinerea infection. We focused on the possible involvement of polyamines in the interaction between osmotic stress response and susceptibility to B. cinerea. We showed that osmotic stress induced by PEG or sucrose, and exogenous ABA induce transient but low defense responses, including weak expression of PR genes and phytoalexin synthesis in mature berries. This was accompanied by an upregulation of NCED2 involved in ABA biosynthesis and a large production of free polyamines. However, osmotic stress followed by B. cinerea infection primed berries for enhanced accumulation of polyamines, but slowed down the defense responses and increased susceptibility to the pathogen. A weak increase of diamine- and polyamine-oxidase activities was also recorded in stressed berries, but declined after pathogen infection. The pretreatment of stressed berries with appropriate inhibitors of diamine- and polyamine-oxidases further increased polyamine level and greatly lowered defense responses, leading to higher susceptibility to B. cinerea. These results suggest that increased polyamine titer through low activation of their oxidative degradation in grape berries may contribute at least in part to the weakening of defense responses and subsequent disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection – RIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences, University of Reims, Reims, France
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Handa AK, Fatima T, Mattoo AK. Polyamines: Bio-Molecules with Diverse Functions in Plant and Human Health and Disease. Front Chem 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 29468148 PMCID: PMC5807879 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines-polyamines (PAs), particularly putrescine, spermidine and spermine are ubiquitous in all living cells. Their indispensable roles in many biochemical and physiological processes are becoming commonly known, including promoters of plant life and differential roles in human health and disease. PAs positively impact cellular functions in plants-exemplified by increasing longevity, reviving physiological memory, enhancing carbon and nitrogen resource allocation/signaling, as well as in plant development and responses to extreme environments. Thus, one or more PAs are commonly found in genomic and metabolomics studies using plants, particulary during different abiotic stresses. In humans, a general decline in PA levels with aging occurs parallel with some human health disorders. Also, high PA dose is detrimental to patients suffering from cancer, aging, innate immunity and cognitive impairment during Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. A dichotomy exists in that while PAs may increase longevity and reduce some age-associated cardiovascular diseases, in disease conditions involving higher cellular proliferation, their intake has negative consequences. Thus, it is essential that PA levels be rigorously quantified in edible plant sources as well as in dietary meats. Such a database can be a guide for medical experts in order to recommend which foods/meats a patient may consume and which ones to avoid. Accordingly, designing both high and low polyamine diets for human consumption are in vogue, particularly in medical conditions where PA intake may be detrimental, for instance, cancer patients. In this review, literature data has been collated for the levels of the three main PAs, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, in different edible sources-vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, meat, sea food, cheese, milk, and eggs. Based on our analysis of vast literature, the effects of PAs in human/animal health fall into two broad, Yang and Yin, categories: beneficial for the physiological processes in healthy cells and detrimental under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar K. Handa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tahira Fatima
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS-USDA), Beltsville, MD, United States
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Pseudomonas stutzeri E25 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CR71 endophytes produce antifungal volatile organic compounds and exhibit additive plant growth-promoting effects. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wu H, Kwaaitaal M, Strugala R, Schaffrath U, Bednarek P, Panstruga R. Chemical suppressors of mlo-mediated powdery mildew resistance. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171389. [PMID: 29127104 PMCID: PMC5725617 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function of barley mildew locus o (Mlo) confers durable broad-spectrum penetration resistance to the barley powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). Given the importance of mlo mutants in agriculture, surprisingly few molecular components have been identified to be required for this type of resistance in barley. With the aim to identify novel cellular factors contributing to mlo-based resistance, we devised a pharmacological inhibitor screen. Of the 41 rationally chosen compounds tested, five caused a partial suppression of mlo resistance in barley, indicated by increased levels of Bgh host cell entry. These chemicals comprise brefeldin A (BFA), 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA), 2-deoxy-d-glucose, spermidine, and 1-aminobenzotriazole. Further inhibitor analysis corroborated a key role for both anterograde and retrograde endomembrane trafficking in mlo resistance. In addition, all four ribonucleosides, some ribonucleoside derivatives, two of the five nucleobases (guanine and uracil), some guanine derivatives as well as various polyamines partially suppress mlo resistance in barley via yet unknown mechanisms. Most of the chemicals identified to be effective in partially relieving mlo resistance in barley also to some extent compromised powdery mildew resistance in an Arabidopsis mlo2 mlo6 double mutant. In summary, our study identified novel suppressors of mlo resistance that may serve as valuable probes to unravel further the molecular processes underlying this unusual type of disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpo Wu
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roxana Strugala
- Institute for Biology III, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schaffrath
- Institute for Biology III, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznán, Poland
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Alagarasan G, Aswathy KS, Madhaiyan M. Shoot the Message, Not the Messenger-Combating Pathogenic Virulence in Plants by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing Mediated Signaling Molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:556. [PMID: 28446917 PMCID: PMC5388769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunity, virulence, biofilm formation, and survival in the host environment are regulated by the versatile nature of density dependent microbial cell signaling, also called quorum sensing (QS). The QS molecules can associate with host plant tissues and, at times, cause a change in its gene expression at the downstream level through inter-kingdom cross talking. Progress in controlling QS through fungicide/bactericide in pathogenic microscopic organisms has lead to a rise of antibiotic resistance pathogens. Here, we review the application of selective quorum quenching (QQ) endophytes to control phytopathogens that are shared by most, if not all, terrestrial plant species as well as aquatic plants. Allowing the plants to posses endophytic colonies through biotization will be an additional and a sustainable encompassing methodology resulting in attenuated virulence rather than killing the pathogens. Furthermore, the introduced endophytes could serve as a potential biofertilizer and bioprotection agent, which in turn increases the PAMP- triggered immunity and hormonal systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants through SA-JA-ET signaling systems. This paper discusses major challenges imposed by QS and QQ application in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Alagarasan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi VishwavidyalayaRaipur, India
| | - Kumar S. Aswathy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Munusamy Madhaiyan
- Biomaterials and Biocatalyst, Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Escobar-Bravo R, Klinkhamer PG, Leiss KA. Induction of Jasmonic Acid-Associated Defenses by Thrips Alters Host Suitability for Conspecifics and Correlates with Increased Trichome Densities in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:622-634. [PMID: 28158865 PMCID: PMC5444573 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses inducible by herbivorous arthropods can determine performance of subsequent feeding herbivores. We investigated how infestation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with the Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) alters host plant suitability and foraging decisions of their conspecifics. We explored the role of delayed-induced jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated plant defense responses in thrips preference by using the tomato mutant def-1, impaired in JA biosynthesis. In particular, we investigated the effect of thrips infestation on trichome-associated tomato defenses. The results showed that when offered a choice, thrips preferred non-infested plants over infested wild-type plants, while no differences were observed in def-1. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate restored the repellency effect in def-1. Gene expression analysis showed induction of the JA defense signaling pathway in wild-type plants, while activating the ethylene signaling pathway in both genotypes. Activation of JA defenses led to increases in type-VI leaf glandular trichome densities in the wild type, augmenting the production of trichome-associated volatiles, i.e. terpenes. Our study revealed that plant-mediated intraspecific interactions between thrips are determined by JA-mediated defenses in tomato. We report that insects can alter not only trichome densities but also the allelochemicals produced therein, and that this response might depend on the magnitude and/or type of the induction.
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Mo HJ, Sun YX, Zhu XL, Wang XF, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yan GJ, Ma ZY. Cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-mediated spermine biosynthesis is required for salicylic acid- and leucine-correlated signaling in the defense response to Verticillium dahliae. PLANTA 2016; 243:1023-39. [PMID: 26757733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-, rather than spermine synthase-, mediated spermine biosynthesis is required for salicylic acid- and leucine-correlated signaling in the defense response to Verticillium dahliae. Spermine (Spm) signaling is correlated with plant resistance to the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We identified genes for key rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of Spm, namely S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (GhSAMDC) and Spm synthase (GhSPMS). These were found by screening suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA libraries of cotton (Gossypium) species tolerant to Verticillium wilt. Both were induced early and strongly by inoculation with V. dahliae and application of plant hormones. Silencing of GhSPMS or GhSAMDC in cotton leaves led to a significant accumulation of upstream substrates and, ultimately, enhanced plant susceptibility to Verticillium infection. Exogenous supplementation of Spm to the silenced cotton plants improved resistance. When compared with the wild type (WT), constitutive expression of GhSAMDC in Arabidopsis thaliana was associated with greater Verticillium wilt resistance and higher accumulations of Spm, salicylic acid, and leucine during the infection period. By contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis plants that over-expressed GhSPMS were unexpectedly more susceptible than the WT to V. dahliae and they also had impaired levels of putrescine (Put) and salicylic acid (SA). The susceptibility exhibited in GhSPMS-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants was partially reversed by the exogenous supply of Put or SA. In addition, the responsiveness of those two transgenic Arabidopsis lines to V. dahliae was associated with an alteration in transcripts of genes involved in plant resistance to epidermal penetrations and amino acid signaling. Together, these results suggest that GhSAMDC-, rather than GhSPMS-, mediated spermine biosynthesis contributes to plant resistance against V. dahliae through SA- and leucine-correlated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Mo
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding, Langfang Teachers University, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xing-Fen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Gui-Jun Yan
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Liu Y, Liang H, Lv X, Liu D, Wen X, Liao Y. Effect of polyamines on the grain filling of wheat under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 100:113-129. [PMID: 26812255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought inhibits wheat grain filling. Polyamines (PAs) are closely associated with plant resistance due to drought and grain filling of cereals. However, little is known about the effect of PAs on the grain filling of wheat under drought stress. This study investigated whether and how PAs are involved in regulating wheat grain filling under drought stress. Two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance were used, and endogenous PA levels were measured during grain filling under different water treatments. Additionally, external PAs were used, and the variation of hormone levels in grains was measured during grain filling under drought stress. The results indicated that spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) relieve the inhibition caused by drought stress, and putrescine (Put) has the opposite effect. The higher activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and Spd synthase in grains promotes the synthetic route from Put to Spd and Spm and notably increases the free Spd and Spm concentrations in grains, which promotes grain filling and drought resistance in wheat. The effect of PA on the grain filling of wheat under drought stress was closely related to the endogenous ethylene (ETH), zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA). Spd and Spm significantly increased the Z + ZR and ABA concentrations and decreased the ETH evolution rate in grains, which promoted wheat grain filling under drought. Put significantly increased the ETH evolution rate, which led to excessive ABA accumulation in grains, subsequently aggravating the inhibition of drought on wheat grain filling. This means that the interaction of hormones, rather than the action of a single hormone, was involved in the regulation of wheat grain filling under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Haiyan Liang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Didi Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Liao W, Wang G, Li Y, Wang B, Zhang P, Peng M. Reactive oxygen species regulate leaf pulvinus abscission zone cell separation in response to water-deficit stress in cassava. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21542. [PMID: 26899473 PMCID: PMC4761936 DOI: 10.1038/srep21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant resists water-deficit stress by shedding leaves leading to adaptive water-deficit condition. Transcriptomic, physiological, cellular, molecular, metabolic, and transgenic methods were used to study the mechanism of cassava abscission zone (AZ) cell separation under water-deficit stress. Microscopic observation indicated that AZ cell separation initiated at the later stages during water-deficit stress. Transcriptome profiling of AZ suggested that differential expression genes of AZ under stress mainly participate in reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. The key genes involved in hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis and metabolism showed significantly higher expression levels in AZ than non-separating tissues adjacent to the AZ under stress. Significantly higher levels of hydrogen peroxide correlated with hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis related genes and AZ cell separation was detected by microscopic observation, colorimetric detection and GC-MS analyses under stress. Co-overexpression of the ROS-scavenging proteins SOD and CAT1 in cassava decreased the levels of hydrogen peroxide in AZ under water-deficit stress. The cell separation of the pulvinus AZ also delayed in co-overexpression of the ROS-scavenging proteins SOD and CAT1 plants both in vitro and at the plant level. Together, the results indicated that ROS play an important regulatory role in the process of cassava leaf abscission under water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yayun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Ouyang Z, Liu S, Huang L, Hong Y, Li X, Huang L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li D, Song F. Tomato SlERF.A1, SlERF.B4, SlERF.C3 and SlERF.A3, Members of B3 Group of ERF Family, Are Required for Resistance to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1964. [PMID: 28083004 PMCID: PMC5187353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Ethylene-Responsive Factors (ERFs) comprise a large family of transcriptional factors that play critical roles in plant immunity. Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a typical necrotrophic fungal pathogen, is the serious disease that threatens tomato production worldwide. However, littler is known about the molecular mechanism regulating the immunity to B. cinerea in tomato. In the present study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-based functional analyses of 18 members of B3 group (also called Group IX) in tomato ERF family were performed to identify putative ERFs that are involved in disease resistance against B. cinerea. VIGS-based silencing of either SlERF.B1 or SlERF.C2 had lethal effect while silencing of SlERF.A3 (Pit4) significantly suppressed vegetative growth of tomato plants. Importantly, silencing of SlERF.A1, SlERF.A3, SlERF.B4, or SlERF.C3 resulted in increased susceptibility to B. cinerea, attenuated the B. cinerea-induced expression of jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated signaling responsive defense genes and promoted the B. cinerea-induced H2O2 accumulation. However, silencing of SlERF.A3 also decreased the resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 but silencing of SlERF.A1, SlERF.B4 or SlERF.C3 did not affect the resistance to this bacterial pathogen. Expression of SlERF.A1, SlERF.A3, SlERF.B4, or SlERF.C3 was induced by B. cinerea and by defense signaling hormones such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (an ethylene precursor). SlERF.A1, SlERF.B4, SlERF.C3, and SlERF.A3 proteins were found to localize in nucleus of cells and possess transactivation activity in yeasts. These data suggest that SlERF.A1, SlERF.B4, and SlERF.C3, three previously uncharacterized ERFs in B3 group, and SlERF.A3, a previously identified ERF with function in immunity to Pst DC3000, play important roles in resistance against B. cinerea in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhou, China
| | - Shixia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yafen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengming Song,
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Mo H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang J, Ma Z. Cotton ACAULIS5 is involved in stem elongation and the plant defense response to Verticillium dahliae through thermospermine alteration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1975-1985. [PMID: 26209974 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of GhACL5 , an ACAULIS5 from cotton, in Arabidopsis increased plant height and T-Spm level. Silencing of GhACL5 in cotton exhibited a dwarf phenotype and reduced resistance to Verticillium dahliae. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene ACAULIS5 (ACL5), for which inactivation causes a defect in stem elongation, encodes thermospermine (T-Spm) synthase. However, limited information is available about improvement in plant height by the overexpression of ACL5 gene, and the biological functions of ACL5 genes in response to biotic stress. Here, this study reports that constitutive expression of the cotton ACL5 gene (GhACL5) in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased plant height and elevated the level of T-Spm. Silencing of that gene in cotton reduced the amount of T-Spm and led to a severe dwarf phenotype. Expression of GhACL5 was induced upon treatment with the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae and plant hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene in resistant cotton plants, but gene silencing in cotton enhanced their susceptibility to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, T-Spm exposure effectively inhibited V. dahliae growth in vitro. In summary, GhACL5 expression is related to in planta levels of T-Spm and is involved in stem elongation and defense responses against V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mo
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Schweikert K, Burritt DJ. Polyamines in macroalgae: advances and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:838-849. [PMID: 26986881 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PA) are ubiquitous, small, aliphatic cations found in all living cells. In recent years the importance of these molecules for macroalgae has become evident and a substantial body of knowledge has been accumulated over the last three decades. This review summarizes research on the PAs found in macroalgae, their transport and metabolism, and their biological significance in processes such as cell division, chloroplast development, and reproduction. The involvement of PAs in environmental stress responses in macroalgae is also addressed. The discussion of PAs in this review not only demonstrates that PAs play an important role in physiological processes in macroalgae, but also clearly demonstrates the similarities and differences between PA metabolism in macroalgae and higher plants. Key areas for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schweikert
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Mo H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang J, Ma Z. Cotton polyamine oxidase is required for spermine and camalexin signalling in the defence response to Verticillium dahliae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:962-75. [PMID: 26221980 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a destructive, soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease in many economically important crops worldwide. A polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene was identified and cloned by screening suppression subtractive hybridisation and cDNA libraries of cotton genotypes tolerant to Verticillium wilt and was induced early and strongly by inoculation with V. dahliae and application of plant hormone. Recombinant cotton polyamine oxidase (GhPAO) was found to catalyse the conversion of spermine (Spm) to spermidine (Spd) in vitro. Constitutive expression of GhPAO in Arabidopsis thaliana produced improved resistance to V. dahliae and maintained putrescine, Spd and Spm at high levels. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), salicylic acid and camalexin (a phytoalexin) levels were distinctly increased in GhPAO-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants during V. dahliae infection when compared with wild-type plants, and Spm and camalexin efficiently inhibited growth of V. dahliae in vitro. Spermine promoted the accumulation of camalexin by inducing the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and cytochrome P450 proteins in Arabidopsis and cotton plants. The three polyamines all showed higher accumulation in tolerant cotton cultivars than in susceptible cotton cultivars after inoculation with V. dahliae. GhPAO silencing in cotton significantly reduced the Spd level and increased the Spm level, leading to enhanced susceptibility to infection by V. dahliae, and the levels of H2 O2 and camalexin were distinctly lower in GhPAO-silenced cotton plants after V. dahliae infection. Together, these results suggest that GhPAO contributes to resistance of the plant against V. dahliae through the mediation of Spm and camalexin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mo
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Zhiying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
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Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Namysł K, Preisner M, Szopa J. Polyamine metabolism in flax in response to treatment with pathogenic and non-pathogenic Fusarium strains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:291. [PMID: 25972886 PMCID: PMC4413726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flax crop yield is limited by various environmental stress factors, but the largest crop losses worldwide are caused by Fusarium infection. Polyamines are one of the many plant metabolites possibly involved in the plant response to infection. However, in flax plants the polyamine composition, genes involved in polyamine synthesis, and in particular their regulation, were previously unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the polyamine synthesis pathway in flax and its involvement in response to pathogen infection. It is well established that polyamines are essential for the growth and development of both plants and fungi, but their role in pathogen infection still remains unknown. In our study we correlated the expression of genes involved in polyamine metabolism with the polyamine levels in plant tissues and compared the results for flax seedlings treated with two pathogenic and one non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium. We observed an increase in the expression of genes participating in polyamine synthesis after fungal infection, and it was reflected in an increase of polyamine content in the plant tissues. The highest level of mRNA was characteristic for ornithine decarboxylase during infection with all tested, pathogenic and non-pathogenic, Fusarium strains and the arginine decarboxylase gene during infection with the pathogenic strain of Fusarium culmorum. The main polyamine identified in the flax seedlings was putrescine, and its level changed the most during infection. Moreover, the considerable increase in the contents of cell wall-bound polyamines compared to the levels of free and conjugated polyamines may indicate that their main role during pathogen infection lies in strengthening of the cell wall. In vitro experiments showed that the polyamines inhibit Fusarium growth, which suggests that they play an important role in plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, changes in metabolism and content of polyamines indicate different defense mechanisms activated in flax in response to infection by pathogenic and non-pathogenic Fusarium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Wojtasik
- *Correspondence: Wioleta Wojtasik, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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50
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Hatmi S, Gruau C, Trotel-Aziz P, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Baillieul F, Eullaffroy P, Clément C, Ferchichi A, Aziz A. Drought stress tolerance in grapevine involves activation of polyamine oxidation contributing to improved immune response and low susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:775-87. [PMID: 25385768 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors including drought stress may modulate plant immune responses and resistance to pathogens. However, the relationship between mechanisms of drought tolerance and resistance to pathogens remained unknown. In this study, the effects of drought stress on polyamine (PA) homeostasis and immune responses were investigated in two grapevine genotypes differing in their drought tolerance; Chardonnay (CHR), as sensitive and Meski (MSK), as tolerant. Under drought conditions, MSK plants showed the lowest leaf water loss and reduction of photosynthetic efficiency, and expressed a lower level of NCED2, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis, compared with CHR plants. The improved drought tolerance in MSK was also coincident with the highest change in free PAs and up-regulation of the genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (ADC), copper amine-oxidase (CuAO), and PA-oxidases (PAO) and their corresponding enzyme activities. MSK plants also accumulated the highest level of amino acids, including Arg, Glu, Gln, Pro, and GABA, emphasizing the participation of PA-related amino acid homeostasis in drought tolerance. Importantly, drought-tolerant plants also exhibited enhanced phytoalexin accumulation and up-regulation of PR genes, especially PR-2 and Chit4c, compared with the sensitive plants. This is consistent with a lower susceptibility of MSK than CHR to Botrytis cinerea. Data suggest a possible connection between water stress tolerance and immune response in grapevine. Pharmacological experiments revealed that under drought conditions CuAO and PAO pathways were involved in the regulation of photosynthetic efficiency, and also of immune response and resistance of grapevine to a subsequent pathogen attack. These results open new views to improve our understanding of crosstalk between drought tolerance mechanisms and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Hatmi
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Charlotte Gruau
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Philippe Eullaffroy
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Institut des Régions Arides, Aridoculture and Oasis Cropping, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Aziz Aziz
- URVVC EA 4707, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
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