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Zhen-Duan J, Alvarez K, Zhang L, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Kuo J, Falgas-Bagué I, Bird H, Canino G, Duarte CS, Alegría M. Parental psychopathology and posttraumatic stress in Puerto Ricans: the role of childhood adversity and parenting practices. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:742-752. [PMID: 37850715 PMCID: PMC11024057 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental psychopathology is associated with their children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to childhood adversities is the mechanism linking parental psychopathology to child PTSS and that parenting practices moderated these associations. METHODS Participants (N = 1,402) with an average age of 24.03 years old (SD = 2.20), were all Puerto Ricans (50% Male and 50% Female) from the Boricua Youth Study, which is a four-wave longitudinal study spanning almost 20 years, following individuals from childhood (ages 5-13 at Wave 1) to young adulthood. Measured variables include parental psychopathology at Wave 1, childhood adversities and parenting practices at Waves 2-3, and PTSS at Wave 4. A traditional mediation model estimated the association between parental psychopathology and child PTSS via childhood adversities. A moderated mediation model was used to examine whether parenting practices moderated this mediation model. RESULTS Results showed that the total effect of parental psychopathology at Wave 1 on PTSS at Wave 4 was fully mediated by childhood adversities at Waves 2-3 (direct effect b = 1.72, 95% CI = [-0.09, 3.83]; indirect effect b = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.81]). In addition, the magnitude of this pathway varied by levels of parenting practices (i.e. parental monitoring and parent-child relationship quality). Specifically, the indirect effect of additional adversities in the psychopathology-PTSS link was stronger with higher levels of parental monitoring but weaker with higher parent-child relationship quality scores. CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational continuity of psychopathology may be mitigated through the prevention of additional childhood adversities via upstream interventions, emphasizing providing parents with mental health needs with parenting tools. Family-based interventions focused on providing families with the tools to improve parent-child relationships may reduce the negative impact of childhood adversities on mental health across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiara Alvarez
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Kuo
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Irene Falgas-Bagué
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hector Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University – New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University – New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Arroyo-Jiménez C, Benjet C, Robles R, Caballero-Suárez NP, Gálvez-Hernández CL, Ordoñez-Ortega J, Suárez-Maldonado MT, Xochihua L. Social and mental health characteristics of adolescents living with HIV in Mexico: Implications for adherence to antiretroviral treatment. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:289-302. [PMID: 37933118 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231207474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexico is the third Latin American country with the most children and adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (ALHIV). There is a lack of information on the characteristics of this population. We aimed to describe the social and mental health characteristics of Mexican ALHIV. A census was conducted of all adolescent patients with HIV at a pediatric hospital (n = 47; mean age 14.39, S.D. = 3.65) and their caregivers. We collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, family, intelligence, mental health, adverse life events, substance use, treatment, knowledge of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) and HIV, and biomarkers. Most cases were transmitted vertically and self-reported ART adherence was above 90%. Some obstacles to adherence were medicine discomfort, believing that they did not need it, and forgetfulness. The vulnerabilities were intellectual disability, adverse life events, possible mental health problems, and little knowledge of their illness and treatment. These findings suggest the importance of interventions to improve the perception and knowledge of HIV and ART to increase ART adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corina Benjet
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Robles
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Nancy Patricia Caballero-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI) del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Mexico
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Martínez-Levy GA, Maya-Martínez M, García-Marín LM, Díaz-Torres S, Gómez LM, Benjet C, Rentería ME, Cruz-Fuentes CS, Rabinowitz JA. Associations of externalizing polygenic scores with externalizing disorders among Mexican youth. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:346-353. [PMID: 38354668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the association of externalizing polygenic scores (PGS) with externalizing symptoms in samples of European ancestry. However, less is known about the associations of externalizing polygenic vulnerability in relation to phenotypic externalizing disorders among individuals of different ancestries, such as Mexican youth. Here, we leveraged the largest genome-wide association study on externalizing behaviors that included over 1 million individuals of European ancestry to examine associations of externalizing PGS with a range of externalizing disorders in Mexican adolescents, and investigated whether adversity exposure in childhood moderated these associations. Participants (N = 1064; age range 12-17 years old; 58.8% female) were adolescents recruited for a general population survey on adolescent mental health in the Mexico City Metropolitan region and were genotyped. Childhood adversity exposure and externalizing disorders, specifically attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance use disorder, were assessed via the computer-assisted World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview for adolescents. A greater externalizing PGS was associated with a greater odds of any externalizing disorder (OR = 1.29 [1.12, 1.48]; p < 0.01) and ADHD (OR = 1.40 [1.15, 1.70]; p < 0.01) in the whole sample, and in females in particular. There were no main effects of the externalizing PGS on conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or substance use disorder, nor did adversity exposure moderate these associations. Our results suggest that greater genetic propensity for externalizing disorders is associated with increased odds of any externalizing disorders and ADHD among Mexican adolescents, furthering our understanding of externalizing disorder manifestation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Martínez-Levy
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mateo Maya-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Santiago Díaz-Torres
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lina M Gómez
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Center for Global Mental Health, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos S Cruz-Fuentes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.
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Nieto L, Domínguez-Martínez T, Navarrete L, Rosel-Vales M, Saracco-Álvarez R, Celada-Borja C, Rascón-Gasca ML, Samperio LGM. The effect of stressful life events on the risk for psychosis: differences between Mexican at clinical and familial high risk. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1254993. [PMID: 37840805 PMCID: PMC10570822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1254993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stressful life events (SLEs) in the development of early psychosis have been little studied in low-income countries. This study examines differences in the prevalence of SLEs in Mexican at clinical high risk (CHR) and those with familial high risk for psychosis who do not meet CHR criteria (non-CHR FHR). We also analyze the association between SLEs and CHR. Methods Participants included 43 persons with CHR and 35 with non-CHR FHR. CHR criteria were assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State. SLEs were assessed using the Questionnaire of Stressful Life Events. Results Participants with CHR reported more SLEs associated with negative academic experiences than those in the non-CHR FHR group. Bullying (OR = 7.77, 95% CI [1.81, 33.32]) and low educational level (OR = 21.25, 95% CI [5.19, 46.90]) were the strongest predictors of CHR, while starting to live with a partner (OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.10, 0.84]) was associated with a lower risk of CHR. Conclusion Negative school experiences increase the risk of psychosis, particularly bullying, suggesting that schools may be ideal settings for implementing individual preventive strategies to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors to improve the prognosis of those at risk of developing psychosis. In Latin America, there are multiple barriers to early intervention in psychosis. It is thus crucial to identify risk and protective factors at the onset and in the course of psychosis in order to design effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Navarrete
- Departamento de Estudios Psicosociales en Poblaciones Específicas, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rosel-Vales
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Saracco-Álvarez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Celada-Borja
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Luisa Rascón-Gasca
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales en Salud, Direccion de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rapee RM, Creswell C, Kendall PC, Pine DS, Waters AM. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A summary and overview of the literature. Behav Res Ther 2023; 168:104376. [PMID: 37499294 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Considerable work has advanced understanding of the nature, causes, management, and prevention of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents over the past 30 years. Prior to this time the primary focus was on school refusal and specific phobias. It is now recognised that children and adolescents experience the full gamut of anxiety disorders in very similar ways to adults and that anxiety disorders in the paediatric years can predict a lifelong mental-health struggle. Given the vast array of specific studies in this field, the current review summarises current knowledge about these high prevalence disorders, points to overarching limitations, and suggests potentially important future directions. Following a brief historical overview, the review summarises knowledge about demographic and epidemiological characteristics, distal and proximal risk factors, current treatment directions, and prevention. There is still a great deal to learn about the causes and treatments of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. By amalgamating our current knowledge, this review provides a window to the research directions that are likely to lead to future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Cathy Creswell
- Departments of Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Clinic, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP), USA
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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McGuinn LA, Rivera NR, Osorio-Valencia E, Schnaas L, Hernandez-Chavez C, DeFelice NB, Harari H, Klein DN, Wright RJ, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Rosa MJ, Tamayo-Ortiz M. Changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 in children from the PROGRESS cohort. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:349-355. [PMID: 36396698 PMCID: PMC10192449 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed associations between maternal stress, social support, and child resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to changes in anxiety and depression symptoms in children in Mexico City. METHODS Participants included 464 mother-child pairs from a longitudinal birth cohort in Mexico City. At ages 8-11 (pre-COVID, 2018-2019) and 9-12 (during COVID, May-Nov 2020) years, depressive symptoms were assessed using the child and parent-reported Children's Depressive Inventory. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the child-reported Revised Manifest Anxiety Scale. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between maternal stress, social support, and resiliency in relation to changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms. We additionally assessed outcomes using clinically relevant cut-points. Models were adjusted for child age and sex and maternal socioeconomic status and age. RESULTS Higher continuous maternal stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with increases in depressive symptoms (β: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.31), and higher odds of clinically relevant depressive and anxiety symptoms in the children. CONCLUSIONS Maternal stress during the pandemic may increase mental health symptoms in pre-adolescent children. Additional studies are needed that examine the long-term pandemic-related impacts on mental health throughout the adolescent years. IMPACT In this longitudinal cohort study of children in Mexico City, we observed that depressive symptoms were higher from before to during the pandemic. Maternal stress surrounding the pandemic may increase mental health symptoms in pre-adolescent children. Child resiliency may help to protect against pandemic-related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McGuinn
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nadya Rivera Rivera
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas B DeFelice
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Homero Harari
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Altwaijri Y, Kazdin AE, Al-Subaie A, Al-Habeeb A, Hyder S, Bilal L, Naseem MT, De Vol E. Lifetime prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in Saudi youth and adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6186. [PMID: 37061556 PMCID: PMC10105730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous global and regional studies indicate that adolescents and young adults (i.e., youth) are affected by various mental disorders with lifelong consequences. However, there are no national estimates of mental disorders prevalent among Saudi youth. Using data from the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS), we examined the lifetime prevalence, treatment, and socio-demographic correlates of mental disorders among Saudi youth (aged 15-30). A total of 4004 interviews were conducted using the adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to generate estimates for the SNMHS youth sample (n = 1881). The prevalence of a mental disorder among Saudi youth was 40.10%, where anxiety disorders affected 26.84% of the sample, followed by disruptive behavior disorders (15.44%), mood disorders (9.67%), substance use disorders (4%) and eating disorders (7.06%). Sex, education, parental education, income, marital status, region, and family history of disorders were significant correlates of various classes of mental disorders. Only 14.47% of Saudi youth with any mental disorder received treatment for a lifetime disorder. Age, parental education, and family history of disorders emerged as significant correlates of mental health treatment. Lifetime mental disorders are highly prevalent among Saudi youth. There is an unmet need for culturally sensitive and age-appropriate treatment of lifetime mental disorders among youth in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Altwaijri
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alan E Kazdin
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abdullah Al-Subaie
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Edrak Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhameed Al-Habeeb
- National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa Hyder
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Meaningful Dialogue (HAMD) Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa Bilal
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Talal Naseem
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward De Vol
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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de la Torre-Luque A, Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Transition patterns and risk factors. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:42-50. [PMID: 37916572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex diagnostic profiles (i.e., clusters of comorbid disorders) may be present in adolescence with long-lasting effects later in life. Little is known about their developmental transitions to adulthood as well as potential risk factors. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood, patterns of transitions and risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 1062 Mexican adolescents (43.22% men, M=14.19 years at baseline, SD=1.68) was assessed for psychiatric disorders at adolescence and emerging adulthood. Latent class analysis was used to identify diagnostic profiles. Profile transition was studied using multi-state modeling between the life periods. Logistic regression was utilized to study risk factor influence on profile development in adulthood. RESULTS Three diagnostic profiles (i.e., minimal disorder/no-psychopathology; and two clinical profiles: internalizing and externalizing) were identified in both periods. Anxiety disorders were the most frequent psychiatric presentation in adolescence, while depression was the most prevalent disorder in adulthood. More than 15% of participants showed a clinical profile regardless life period. Comorbidity was present in 57% of participants with a clinical psychiatric profile. Finally, common (suicidal behavior) and specific risk factors (sex, parents' education and income) predicted transitions to profiles from adolescence to emerging adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders are frequently observed adopting a complex diagnostic profile in both adolescence and emerging adulthood. Comorbidity seems to be common in both life periods. Developmental issues and comorbidity should be considered for health service provision and treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Corina Benjet
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Cabrera Lagunes A, Díaz-Anzaldúa A, Rojas Andrade G, Peschard VG, Arias Caballero A, Gaspar-Barba CE, Yunes Jimenez A, De la Peña Olvera FR, Cruz Fuentes CS, Feria-Aranda M, Sosa Mora L, Pérez Molina A, Guizar Sanchez D, Palacios-Cruz L. Association between CLOCK gene polymorphisms and ADHD in Mexican teenagers: A comprehensive assessment. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114835. [PMID: 36166946 PMCID: PMC10824139 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate markers of the CLOCK gene rs1801260 and rs4864548 in Mexican adolescents, addressing clinical and biological aspects previously associated with ADHD. 347 Mexican adolescents were assessed for mental disorders, metabolic disruption and related conditions, circadian preference, as well as genotyping for the CLOCK. We found a significant association between ADHD and the AA and AG genotypes of rs1801260. Also, we identified in the ADHD group that the total Triiodothyronine and total Thyroxine values were respectively 10 ng/dl units and 0.58 ug/dl units lower in females than in males. Previously reported common variations of the CLOCK gene have been associated with ADHD like the Rs1801260 polymorphism hereby we could consider it as risk factor, but genetic, biochemical and clinical studies in the Mexican population are entailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cabrera Lagunes
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adriana Díaz-Anzaldúa
- Department of Genetics, Sub-division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Rojas Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Sub-division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Vanessa-Giselle Peschard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco 941130, United States
| | - Adriana Arias Caballero
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - César Enrique Gaspar-Barba
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Arlette Yunes Jimenez
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Prado S.C., Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Francisco Rafael De la Peña Olvera
- Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; Unit of Research Promotion, Direction of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sabas Cruz Fuentes
- Department of Genetics, Sub-division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Miriam Feria-Aranda
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Liz Sosa Mora
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez Molina
- Department of Genetics, Sub-division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Diana Guizar Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Learning Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Lino Palacios-Cruz
- Comprehensive Wellbeing Program, Adolescent Clinic, Division of Clinical Services, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Sub-division of Clinical Research, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
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Godina-Flores NL, Gutierrez-Gómez YY, García-Botello M, López-Cruz L, Moreno-García CF, Aceves-Martins M. Obesity and its association with mental health among Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:658-669. [PMID: 36164834 PMCID: PMC10170326 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity and mental health issues increasingly affect children and adolescents, but whether obesity is a risk factor for mental health issues is unclear. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the association between obesity and mental health issues (ie, anxiety and/or depression) among Mexican children and adolescents. DATA SOURCING, EXTRACTION, AND SYNTHESIS A literature search of 13 databases and 1 search engine was conducted. Population, exposure, comparison, outcomes, and study design data were extracted, analyzed, and narratively synthesized. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate evidence quality. RESULTS A total of 16 studies with 12 103 participants between 8 and 18 years old were included. Four studies focused on anxiety outcomes, 10 on depression, and 2 on both (ie, anxiety and depression). Evidence is unclear about the association of obesity with anxiety. However, most evidence shows that Mexican children and adolescents with overweight or obesity are more likely to have depression or report a higher number of depressive symptoms than normal-weight participants. Such likelihood is greater for females. CONCLUSION Health promotion interventions to treat or prevent obesity could also consider mental health outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019154132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naara L Godina-Flores
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Lizet López-Cruz
- Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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11
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Robles R, de la Peña FR, Medina-Mora ME, de Los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo ME, Domínguez T, Juárez F, Rojas AG, Sarmiento-Hernández EI, Feria M, Sosa L, Aguerre RE, Ortiz S, Real T, Rebello T, Sharan P, Reed GM. ICD-11 Guidelines for Mental and Behavioral Disorders of Children and Adolescents: Reliability and Clinical Utility. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:396-402. [PMID: 34433288 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ICD-11 clinical guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders must be tested in clinical settings to guarantee their usefulness worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate interrater reliability and clinical utility of the ICD-11 guidelines for children and adolescents in assessing and diagnosing mood, anxiety, and fear-related disorders; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and disruptive behavioral disorder (DBD). METHODS Children and adolescents ages 6-17 from two specialized settings in Mexico City were interviewed. Each was interviewed by a pair of psychiatrists (interviewer and observer), who independently codified established diagnoses and evaluated the clinical utility of the guidelines with each participant. Kappa values were calculated to determine the level of general diagnostic correlation between the two clinicians. RESULTS A total of 25 psychiatrists evaluated 52 children and adolescents. Kappa values between clinicians ranged from 0.46 to 0.53 for mood, anxiety, and fear-related disorders and for ADHD; the kappa value was 0.81 for DBD guidelines. Over 80% of psychiatrists reported that the guidelines, qualifiers, and descriptions of developmental presentations were quite useful. CONCLUSIONS ICD-11 guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders of children and adolescents demonstrated mostly moderate interrater reliability and strong interrater reliability in the case of DBD. A large proportion of clinicians regarded the guidelines as quite useful clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Robles
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Francisco R de la Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - María Elena de Los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Tecelli Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Francisco Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Armida Granados Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Emmanuel Isaías Sarmiento-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Miriam Feria
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Liz Sosa
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Romina E Aguerre
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Silvia Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Tania Real
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Tahilia Rebello
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Patrap Sharan
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
| | - Geoffrey M Reed
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Globa (Robles, Medina-Mora, Domínguez, Real), Unidad de Fomento a la Investigación (de la Peña), Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales (Domínguez, Juárez), and Clínica de la Adolescencia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos (Feria, Sosa, Aguerre), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (Medina-Mora, Ortiz); Departamento de Investigación (de los Dolores Márquez-Caraveo), Departamento de Enseñanza (Rojas), and Direción General (Sarmiento-Hernández), Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro," Ciudad de México; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Rebello, Reed); National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, India (Sharan)
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Duarte CS, Lovero KL, Sourander A, Ribeiro WS, Bordin IAS. The Child Mental Health Treatment Gap in an Urban Low-Income Setting: Multisectoral Service Use and Correlates. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:32-38. [PMID: 34106744 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To efficiently target capacity-building efforts for child mental health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is critical to define how care is structured across sectors and individual-level factors. METHODS In a community-based sample of 1,408 children and adolescents (ages 6-15 years) from Itaboraí, Brazil, the authors assessed need and service use across four care systems (mental health specialty, health, welfare, and informal). Individual-level factors included child gender and age, maternal perception of child mental health need, paternal absence, maternal education, and maternal anxiety and depression. RESULTS The mental health treatment gap was 88%, with only 12% of children with psychiatric problems using mental health services. Children with mental health problems were more likely than those without these problems to use health and other sectors of care and to use services in more than one sector of care. Overall, 46% of the children with any clinical mental health problems and 31% of those with only internalizing problems were identified by their mothers as having a mental health need. Among those with clinical mental health problems, factors associated with mental health service use were being a boy and paternal absence but not mental health problem type or maternal awareness. CONCLUSIONS Closing the child mental health treatment gap in urban settings in LMICs where resources are scarce will likely require system-level changes, such as engagement of diverse service sectors of care. Interventions need to target increased maternal awareness about mental health problems and encourage provision of mental health services to girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City (Duarte, Lovero, Sourander); Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London (Sourander); Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Ribeiro); Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Bordin)
| | - Kathryn L Lovero
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City (Duarte, Lovero, Sourander); Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London (Sourander); Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Ribeiro); Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Bordin)
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City (Duarte, Lovero, Sourander); Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London (Sourander); Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Ribeiro); Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Bordin)
| | - Wagner S Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City (Duarte, Lovero, Sourander); Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London (Sourander); Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Ribeiro); Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Bordin)
| | - Isabel A S Bordin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York City (Duarte, Lovero, Sourander); Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London (Sourander); Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Ribeiro); Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Bordin)
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Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Traumatic life-events and alcohol and drug use disorders among Mexican adolescents: Bidirectional associations over 8 years. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109051. [PMID: 34607192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research linking type of traumatic events to the incidence of alcohol and drug use disorders among adolescents are cross-sectional and no longitudinal research exists in low/middle income countries where violence is common. Studies on bidirectional associations are infrequent. METHODS We estimated prospective associations of 7 types of events and new occurrence of DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUD) and drug use disorders (DUD), as well as prospective associations between DSM-IV AUD, DUD and the new onset of 7 types of traumatic events, from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071; ages 19-26) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005 (ages 12-17), by using Relative Ratios (RR) and Hazard Ratios (HR) estimates. RESULTS After adjustments for mental disorders and demographics, "any traumatic event" increased the RR and HR of a new AUD and any substance use disorder (SUD). In HR estimates, bidirectional associations were found between "Ever committed or witnessed violence" and "Ever beaten up by spouse…" and AUD, DUD and SUD. DUD disorder increased HR for several events. LIMITATIONS Our sample is representative of the largest metropolitan area in Mexico but does not include other cities and other age groups that may differ in risk factors. Corrections for multiple tests suggests caution. CONCLUSIONS We found partial support for the self-medication hypothesis and weaker support for the risky behavior hypothesis, and only two traumatic events ("Ever beaten up by spouse, partner…" and "Ever committed or witnessed violence") showed evidence of a bidirectional association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP: 14370 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Corina Benjet
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP: 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP: 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP: 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
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Traumatic life-events and suicidality among Mexican adolescents as they grow up: A longitudinal community survey. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:171-178. [PMID: 34359012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research exists on the impact of type and number of traumatic events on the incidence of suicide ideation and attempts (suicidality) among adolescents in low/middle income countries where violence is common. METHOD We estimated prospective associations of 7 types of events on the new occurrence of suicidality from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071; ages 19-26) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005 (ages 12-17), by using Hazard Ratios (HR) estimates. RESULTS For new onset of suicide ideation, those reporting "Ever raped or sexually assaulted" had the highest adjusted HR (3.8), followed by "Ever other traumatic event" (HR = 1.9), "Ever committed or witnessed violence" (HR = 1.7) and "Beaten as a child or witnessed physical fights at home" (HR = 1.5). For suicide attempt, those reporting "Ever beaten up by spouse, partner, someone else, mugged with a weapon, or stalked" (HR = 3.8) and "Ever other traumatic event" (HR = 2.0) had the higher hazards. Compared to those without a traumatic event, increased hazards of ideation and attempt were found for those reporting a greater number of types of events. CONCLUSIONS Our sample is representative of the largest metropolitan area in Mexico but does not include other cities or age groups that may differ in risk factors. Traumatic events that happened in the eight years between waves are not considered. Traumatic events increased the risk of suicidality, independent of common mental disorders. Identifying and addressing these events in clinical settings may therefore be important for preventing suicide in this population.
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Parry P, Allison S, Bastiampillai T. 'Pediatric Bipolar Disorder' rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 34170440 PMCID: PMC8233426 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ‘Pediatric bipolar disorder’ (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis with varying rates of clinical diagnosis. A highly cited meta-analysis (Van Meter et al. 2011) of a dozen epidemiological surveys suggested a global community prevalence of PBD of 1.8%. This was updated to 3.9% with eight additional surveys (Van Meter et al. 2019a). In terms of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, the heterogenous community surveys were arguably unsuitable for statistical meta-analysis and warranted a narrative analysis. A narrative analysis (Parry et al. 2018) of the original 12 surveys concluded rates of PBD were substantially lower than 1.8% and led to a nine-article debate on the validity, arguable overdiagnosis and iatrogenic aspects of the PBD diagnosis (e.g. Carlson and Dubicka Child Adolesc Mental Health 21:86–87, 2019). This article extends the narrative analysis to include the eight newer community surveys. Methods A narrative analysis of the methodologies and the prevalence rates reported by the epidemiological surveys. Results Across all twenty surveys there was significant variation in methodologies and reported prevalence rates. Of the eight newer surveys, five (two Brazilian, one English, one Turkish, one United States) provided information of pre-adolescent prevalence rates of bipolar spectrum disorder. These pre-adolescent rates were zero or close to zero. Rates of adolescent hypomania and mania were higher, but follow-up data in two studies suggested hypomania might sometimes achieve prolonged remission or not lead to adult bipolar disorder. Limitations Methods in the original surveys vary and criteria used for various bipolar diagnoses were not always fully described. This limitation applies to a narrative analysis but also to a statistical meta-analysis. Conclusion Bipolar disorder is very rare in childhood and rare in adolescence. PBD as a diagnostic construct fails to correlate with adult bipolar disorder and the term should be abandoned. Hypomanic syndromes in adolescence may not always progress to adult bipolar disorder. Early diagnosis of bipolar disorder is important, but over-diagnosis risks adverse iatrogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parry
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. .,Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Stephen Allison
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Hermosillo-de-la-Torre AE, Arteaga-de-Luna SM, Acevedo-Rojas DL, Juárez-Loya A, Jiménez-Tapia JA, Pedroza-Cabrera FJ, González-Forteza C, Cano M, Wagner FA. Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents under Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094977. [PMID: 34067094 PMCID: PMC8124170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide and suicidal behaviors were already a global public health problem, producing preventable injuries and deaths. This issue may worsen due to the COVID-19 pandemic and may differentially affect vulnerable groups in the population, including children, adolescents, and young adults. The current study evaluated the association of affective variables (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), drug use (alcohol, tobacco, and others), emotional intelligence, and attachment with suicidal behaviors. Methods: A state-wide survey included 8033 students (51% female, 49% male; mean age of 16 years) from science and technology high-schools using a standardized questionnaire that was distributed online. Multinomial logistic regression models tested associations between suicidal behaviors and several covariates. The analyses accommodated the complex structure of the sample. Results: Approximately 21% of all students reported a suicidal behavior (11% with a low-lethality suicide attempt, 6% with self-injuries, and 4% with a high-lethality suicide attempt). Variables associated with higher odds of suicidal behavior included: female sex, depression, hopelessness, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use, childhood trauma, and having to self-rely as issues affecting attachment, and low self-esteem. Security of attachment was associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: The complexity of suicidal behavior makes it clear that comprehensive programs need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Stephania Montserrat Arteaga-de-Luna
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Denise Liliana Acevedo-Rojas
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Angélica Juárez-Loya
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Jiménez-Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Francisco Javier Pedroza-Cabrera
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA;
| | - Fernando A. Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +410-706-5696
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17
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Ruiz-Ramos D, Martínez-Magaña JJ, García AR, Juarez-Rojop IE, Gonzalez-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Sarmiento E, López-Narvaez ML, Nicolini H, Genis-Mendoza AD. Psychiatric Comorbidity in Mexican Adolescents with a Diagnosis of Eating Disorders Its Relationship with the Body Mass Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083900. [PMID: 33917708 PMCID: PMC8068102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among patients with eating disorders (ED) is higher than the general population. Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders have changes in their body mass index which could promote severe metabolic disruptions. This study aimed (1) to report the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among a Mexican adolescent sample diagnosed with eating disorders, (2) to compare our results with the prevalence of psychiatric disorders reported from a national survey of mental health of adolescents, (3) to compare the presence of psychiatric comorbidities between ED diagnoses, and (4) to explore the relationship of these comorbidities with the body mass index. In the study, we included 187 Mexican adolescents diagnosed with eating disorders. The psychiatric comorbidities were evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children/adolescents, and a revised questionnaire on eating and weight patterns. We found that 89% of the Mexican adolescents diagnosed with ED had another psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder (52.40%) and suicide risk (40%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Attention and deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence was different between ED diagnosis, and adolescents with binge-eating disorder and ADHD had the higher body mass index. Our results showed that in this sample of Mexican adolescents, the presence of comorbidities could impact body mass index. This emphasizes the importance that clinicians take into consideration the presence of psychiatric comorbidities to achieve an integrative treatment for adolescents diagnosed with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ruiz-Ramos
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (D.R.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (I.E.J.-R.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (D.R.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (I.E.J.-R.); (T.B.G.-C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
| | - Ana Rosa García
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N, Navarro, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.R.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Isela Esther Juarez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (D.R.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (I.E.J.-R.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez-Castro
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (D.R.-R.); (J.J.M.-M.); (I.E.J.-R.); (T.B.G.-C.)
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86100, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Sarmiento
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N, Navarro, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (A.R.G.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-53501900 (ext. 1197)
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18
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Could Gamification Be a Protective Factor Regarding Early School Leaving? A Life Story. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European Union has recognized the close relationship between mental health, well-being, and education, encouraging studies and whole school interventions that work in the interrelationship between mental health and school, especially in aspects related to Early School Leaving (ESL). Literature shows that there are research gaps in this regard, but there are some inklings to think that innovative teaching methods can improve both adolescent´s mental health and reduce the rates of ESL. The main objective of this article was to find out how the use of game-based teaching techniques affects the well-being of students at risk of ESL. The life story of one young student that has left school early has been studied, focusing on the impact that gamification had in his scholar trajectory and well-being. Data analysis was carried using the constructivist version of the grounded theory. Results showed a certain degree of interrelation between all three aspects. Pointing that a period of gamification can have a positive effect in school engagement as a result of better levels of wellbeing, but also, that if this methodology is not maintained or accompanied it can cause a rebound effect acting as a risk factor to ESL.
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Gómez-Restrepo C, Malagón NR, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Ruiz R, Gil JF. Associated factors for recognition of mental problems and disorders in adolescents in the Colombian National Mental Health Survey. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 50:3-10. [PMID: 33648693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental problems and disorders are prevalent in the adolescent population. It is estimated that around 10% of adolescents have mental disorders that require attention and are generally not recognised as such. The aim was to determine potential factors associated with whether or not mental disorders and problems are recognised in the Colombian population. METHODS Adolescents aged 12 to 17 who said they had been diagnosed with a mental health problem or disorder by a healthcare professional were identified from the National Mental Health Survey conducted in Colombia in 2015. This group was compared with those who scored positive for mental disorders measured by CIDI 3.0 or mental problems detected by SRQ-20. RESULTS A sample of 1,754 adolescents was obtained, of whom 7.3% (n=129) had disorders and 22.6% (n=396) had problems. Of the total with disorders and problems, 13.9% (n=18) of people with disorders and 8.3% (n=33) with problems knew they had them. Bivariate analyses were performed with the possible related variables, and with the results we constructed a multivariate regression model that identified factors associated with the recognition of disorders or problems, such as family dysfunction (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5) or counting on family when having financial problems (OR=2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.2). CONCLUSIONS Recognition is of great importance for initiating access to care by adolescents. The results provide associated variables which can aid planning of interventions to improve the detection of disorders and problems in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Nelcy Rodriguez Malagón
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Profesor titular de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, director del Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacky Fabian Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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20
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Benjet C, Albor YC, Bocanegra ES, Borges G, Méndez E, Casanova L, Medina-Mora ME. Incidence and recurrence of depression from adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal follow-up of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:540-546. [PMID: 31744746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disease burden around the globe, often develops during adolescence and is recurrent. Thus, disentangling risk factors for incidence from those of recurrence during adolescence is relevant and might suggest different strategies for prevention of onset than for relapse. The aim was to evaluate the relative risk of socio-demographic and clinical factors and traumatic events associated to incidence and recurrence of depression in youth from Mexico City. METHODS This is a prospective longitudinal general population survey in which 1071 respondents from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey were interviewed between the ages of 12 and 17 and again eight years later when they were between 19 and 26 years of age. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview evaluated incidence and persistence of major depression and risk factors. RESULTS Eight-year incidence was 12.9% while recurrence was 46.1%. Risk factors for incidence (female sex, any incident trauma, and specifically sexual abuse and an other/private event) differed from the risk factors for recurrence (childhood onset and domestic violence) with the exception of having a parent with depression, which was associated to increased risk for both. LIMITATIONS The follow-up response rate was limited by inability to locate participants at wave II. Statistical power was limited for persistence due to low rate of depression at wave I. CONCLUSIONS Intervening with both depressed and non-depressed children of parents with depression may have beneficial effects on both the development of depression as well as recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico.
| | - Yesica C Albor
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; Universidad Cuauhtémoc Plantel Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Enrique Méndez
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Leticia Casanova
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
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21
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Ospina-Pinillos L, Davenport TA, Navarro-Mancilla AA, Cheng VWS, Cardozo Alarcón AC, Rangel AM, Rueda-Jaimes GE, Gomez-Restrepo C, Hickie IB. Involving End Users in Adapting a Spanish Version of a Web-Based Mental Health Clinic for Young People in Colombia: Exploratory Study Using Participatory Design Methodologies. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e15914. [PMID: 32027313 PMCID: PMC7055810 DOI: 10.2196/15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health information technologies (HITs) hold enormous promise for improving access to and providing better quality of mental health care. However, despite the spread of such technologies in high-income countries, these technologies have not yet been commonly adopted in low- and middle-income countries. People living in these parts of the world are at risk of experiencing physical, technological, and social health inequalities. A possible solution is to utilize the currently available HITs developed in other counties. OBJECTIVE Using participatory design methodologies with Colombian end users (young people, their supportive others, and health professionals), this study aimed to conduct co-design workshops to culturally adapt a Web-based Mental Health eClinic (MHeC) for young people, perform one-on-one user-testing sessions to evaluate an alpha prototype of a Spanish version of the MHeC and adapt it to the Colombian context, and inform the development of a skeletal framework and alpha prototype for a Colombian version of the MHeC (MHeC-C). METHODS This study involved the utilization of a research and development (R&D) cycle including 4 iterative phases: co-design workshops; knowledge translation; tailoring to language, culture, and place (or context); and one-on-one user-testing sessions. RESULTS A total of 2 co-design workshops were held with 18 users-young people (n=7) and health professionals (n=11). Moreover, 10 users participated in one-on-one user-testing sessions-young people (n=5), supportive others (n=2), and health professionals (n=3). A total of 204 source documents were collected and 605 annotations were coded. A thematic analysis resulted in 6 themes (ie, opinions about the MHeC-C, Colombian context, functionality, content, user interface, and technology platforms). Participants liked the idea of having an MHeC designed and adapted for Colombian young people, and its 5 key elements were acceptable in this context (home page and triage system, self-report assessment, dashboard of results, booking and video-visit system, and personalized well-being plan). However, to be relevant in Colombia, participants stressed the need to develop additional functionality (eg, phone network backup; chat; geolocation; and integration with electronic medical records, apps, or electronic tools) as well as an adaptation of the self-report assessment. Importantly, the latter not only included language but also culture and context. CONCLUSIONS The application of an R&D cycle that also included processes for adaptation to Colombia (language, culture, and context) resulted in the development of an evidence-based, language-appropriate, culturally sensitive, and context-adapted HIT that is relevant, applicable, engaging, and usable in both the short and long term. The resultant R&D cycle allowed for the adaptation of an already available HIT (ie, MHeC) to the MHeC-C-a low-cost and scalable technology solution for low- and middle-income countries like Colombia, which has the potential to provide young people with accessible, available, affordable, and integrated mental health care at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ospina-Pinillos
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tracey A Davenport
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Andres M Rangel
- E-Health Living Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - German Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes
- Neuropsychiatry Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Mental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Bucarmanaga, Colombia
| | - Carlos Gomez-Restrepo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Borges G, Orozco R, Villatoro J, Medina-Mora ME, Fleiz C, Díaz-Salazar J. Suicide ideation and behavior in Mexico: Encodat 2016. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2019; 61:6-15. [PMID: 30753768 DOI: 10.21149/9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated information regarding the 12-month prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors for suicide ideation and behavior (plan and attempts) to substantiate preventive programs in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional nationally representative survey, conducted during 2016 (n=56 877) among those 12-65 years old living in rural, urban and metropolitan dwellings. RESULTS The prevalence of suicide ideation in the last 12-months was 2.3%, 0.8% of the sample reported a plan and 0.7% reported a suicide attempt. All three outcomes were about two times more common among females and suicide plan and attempt were less common among the elderly (50-65 years old). Suicide attempts were more common in urban than in rural areas. The state of Tabasco showed an increased prevalence of ideation, plan and attempts when compared to national average rates. CONCLUSIONS Public health measures to diminish and treat suicidal behavior are urgently needed all over the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Villatoro
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Fleiz
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Mexico City, Mexico
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Ospina-Pinillos L, Davenport T, Mendoza Diaz A, Navarro-Mancilla A, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Using Participatory Design Methodologies to Co-Design and Culturally Adapt the Spanish Version of the Mental Health eClinic: Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e14127. [PMID: 31376271 PMCID: PMC6696860 DOI: 10.2196/14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mental Health eClinic (MHeC) aims to deliver best-practice clinical services to young people experiencing mental health problems by making clinical care accessible, affordable, and available to young people whenever and wherever they need it most. The original MHeC consists of home page with a visible triage system for those requiring urgent help; a online physical and mental health self-report assessment; a results dashboard; a booking and videoconferencing system; and the generation of a personalized well-being plan. Populations who do not speak English and reside in English-speaking countries are less likely to receive mental health care. In Australia, international students have been identified as disadvantaged compared with their peers; have weaker social support networks; and have higher rates of psychological distress. This scenario is acquiring significant relevance as Spanish-speaking migration is rapidly growing in Australia, and the mental health services for culturally and linguistically diverse populations are limited. Having a Spanish version (MHeC-S) of the Mental Health eClinic would greatly benefit these students. Objective We used participatory design methodologies with users (young people aged 16-30 years, supportive others, and health professionals) to (1) conduct workshops with users to co-design and culturally adapt the MHeC; (2) inform the development of the MHeC-S alpha prototype; (3) test the usability of the MHeC-S alpha prototype; (4) translate, culturally adapt, and face-validate the MHeC-S self-report assessment; and (5) collect information to inform its beta prototype. Methods A research and development cycle included several participatory design phases: co-design workshops; knowledge translation; language translation and cultural adaptation; and rapid prototyping and user testing of the MHeC-S alpha prototype. Results We held 2 co-design workshops with 17 users (10 young people, 7 health professionals). A total of 15 participated in the one-on-one user testing sessions (7 young people, 5 health professionals, 3 supportive others). We collected 225 source documents, and thematic analysis resulted in 5 main themes (help-seeking barriers, technology platform, functionality, content, and user interface). A random sample of 106 source documents analyzed by 2 independent raters revealed almost perfect agreement for functionality (kappa=.86; P<.001) and content (kappa=.92; P<.001) and substantial agreement for the user interface (kappa=.785; P<.001). In this random sample, no annotations were coded for help-seeking barriers or the technology platform. Language was identified as the main barrier to getting medical or psychological services, and smartphones were the most-used device to access the internet. Acceptability was adequate for the prototype’s 5 main elements: home page and triage system, self-report assessment, dashboard of results, booking and video visit system, and personalized well-being plan. The data also revealed gaps in the alpha prototype, such as the need for tailored assessment tools and a greater integration with Spanish-speaking services and communities. Spanish-language apps and e-tools, as well as online mental health information, were lacking. Conclusions Through a research and development process, we co-designed and culturally adapted, developed and user tested, and evaluated the MHeC-S. By translating and culturally adapting the MHeC to Spanish, we aimed to increase accessibility and availability of e-mental health care in the developing world, and assist vulnerable populations that have migrated to English-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ospina-Pinillos
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Tracey Davenport
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Mendoza Diaz
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth M Scott
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Benjet C, Menendez D, Albor Y, Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Adolescent Predictors of Incidence and Persistence of Suicide-Related Outcomes in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican Youth. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:755-766. [PMID: 28972296 PMCID: PMC5882600 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Mexico has seen one of the largest increases in suicide rates worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study uses data from the 1,071 respondents who participated in a two-wave longitudinal study when they were between 12 and 17 years of age, and again when they were between 19 and 26 years of age. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed suicidal behavior and DSM-IV mental disorders. We used Cox regressions to evaluate which sociodemographic and psychiatric factors and life events predicted the incidence and remission of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt throughout the 8-year span. The 8-year incidence of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was 13.3%, 4.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. We found that the number of traumatic life events during childhood, no longer being in school, and tobacco use predicted which adolescents developed suicide behaviors as they transitioned into young adulthood. Psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, played a larger role in the persistence of those who already had suicidal behaviors, while behavioral disorders played a role in the transition from ideation to attempt. This distinction may be useful for clinicians to assess the risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
| | | | - Yesica Albor
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
| | | | - Ricardo Orozco
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
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Horton MK, Hsu L, Claus Henn B, Margolis A, Austin C, Svensson K, Schnaas L, Gennings C, Hu H, Wright R, Rojo MMT, Arora M. Dentine biomarkers of prenatal and early childhood exposure to manganese, zinc and lead and childhood behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:148-158. [PMID: 30205321 PMCID: PMC6373872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposure alters neurodevelopmental outcomes; little is known about critical windows of susceptibility when exposure exerts the strongest effect. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between dentine biomarkers of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) and later childhood behaviors. METHODS Subjects enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study in Mexico City provided naturally shed deciduous teeth. We estimated weekly prenatal and postnatal dentine Mn, Zn and Pb concentrations in teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and measured behavior at ages 8-11 years of age using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). We used distributed lag models and lagged weighted quantile sum regression to identify the role of individual and combined dentine biomarkers of Mn, Zn and Pb on behavioral outcomes controlling for maternal education and gestational age. RESULTS Among the 133 subjects included in this study, prenatal and early postnatal dentine Mn appeared protective against childhood behavioral problems, specifically hyperactivity and attention. Postnatal dentine Mn was associated with increased reporting of internalizing problems, specifically anxiety. At 6 months, a 1-unit increase (unit = 1 SD of log concentration) in Mn was associated with a 0.18-unit (unit = 1 SD of BASC-2 score) increase in internalizing symptoms score and a 0.25-unit increase in anxiety. Postnatal Pb was associated with increasing anxiety symptoms; at 12 months, a 1-unit increase in Pb was associated with a 0.4 unit increase in anxiety symptoms. When examined as a metal mixture, we observed two potential windows of susceptibility to increased anxiety symptoms: the first window (0-8 months) appeared driven by Mn, the second window (8-12 months) was driven by the metal mixture and dominated by Pb. A 1-unit increase in the mixture index was associated with a 0.7-unit increase in SD of anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Childhood behaviors may demonstrate postnatal windows of susceptibility to individual and mixed metal concentrations measured in deciduous teeth. Prenatal dentine Mn may be protective, while excessive early postnatal Mn may increase risk for adverse behaviors. In combination, higher concentrations of Mn, Zn and Pb may have an adverse impact on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Amy Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive New York, New York 10032, United States of America
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City CP 11000, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6(th) floor, Toronto M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
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Reid A, Halgunseth LC, Espinosa-Hernandez G, Vasilenko SA. Sociocultural Influences on the Association Between Negative Romantic Experiences and Psychological Maladjustment in Mexican Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:888-901. [PMID: 29392779 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine whether cultural values (familismo, female virginity) and gender moderated the associations between negative romantic experiences and psychological maladjustment (depressive, anxiety symptoms) in a sample of Mexican adolescents. Self-report survey data were collected from 973 adolescents (M = 15.14 years old; 56% girls) in Mexico. Findings revealed more depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents who reported more negative romantic experiences. These associations were stronger for female adolescents reporting greater beliefs of familismo and female virginity. Mental health practitioners may consider negative romantic experiences and cultural values when working with Mexican adolescents.
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Tiburcio M, Lara MA, Martínez N, Fernández M, Aguilar A. Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Substance Abuse and Depression: A Three Arm Randomized Trial in Mexico. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2220-2231. [PMID: 29768070 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1467452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce substance use can be a useful low-cost treatment for a large number of people, and an attractive option in countries where a greater availability of treatment is needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and initial effectiveness of a web-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for the reduction of substance use and depression compared with treatment as usual, with and without a printed self-help manual. METHOD Individuals seeking outpatient treatment for substance use were randomly assigned to one of the following: (1) the web-based Help Program for Drug Abuse and Depression (n = 23); (2) an in-person session with an addiction therapist and use of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test Self-Help Strategies guide, followed by treatment as usual (n = 25), or (3) treatment ordinarily offered in the participating treatment centers (n = 26). The study took place in 2013-2014 (trial registration: ISRCTN25429892), and participants completed baseline, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up evaluation interviews. RESULTS Treatment retention and data availability were comparable in all three conditions. A reduction was observed from baseline to follow-up in average days of use [F(1,28) = 29.70, p < 0.001], severity of use [F(2,28) = 143.66, p < 0.001], and depressive symptomatology [F = (4)16.40, p < 0.001], independent of the type of treatment provided. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the web-based intervention to reduce substance abuse is feasible, although it is not more effective than other intervention modalities; its effectiveness must be evaluated in a larger sample. Attrition was a main limitation; future studies must improve retention and assess cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tiburcio
- a Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research , Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ma Asunción Lara
- a Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research , Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Nora Martínez
- a Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research , Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Morise Fernández
- a Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research , Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Araceli Aguilar
- a Department of Social Sciences in Health, Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research , Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry , Mexico City , Mexico
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Gutiérrez-García RA, Benjet C, Borges G, Méndez Ríos E, Medina-Mora ME. Emerging adults not in education, employment or training (NEET): socio-demographic characteristics, mental health and reasons for being NEET. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1201. [PMID: 30359227 PMCID: PMC6202842 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing group of emerging adults in many countries around the globe are not incorporated into the education system or the labor market; these have received the label "NEET: not in education, employment nor training". We describe the mental health and socio-demographic characteristics of emerging adults who are NEET from Mexico City (differentiating between NEET who are homemakers and NEET who are not) compared to their peers who are studying, working or both, in a city in which education and employment opportunities for youth are limited. A secondary objective, because of the often inconsistent inclusion criteria or definitions of NEET, was to evaluate the heterogeneity amongst NEET emerging adults in terms of their perceived reasons for being NEET and to evaluate whether different reasons for being NEET are associated with different mental health characteristics. METHODS The participants were 1071 emerging adults aged 19 to 26; they were interviewed in person by an interviewer in their homes as part of a follow-up study of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) assessed psychiatric disorders, substance use and abuse, suicidal behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Of the total sample, 15.3% were NEET homemakers, 8.6% NEET non-homemakers, 41.6% worked only, 20.9% studied only and 13.5% worked and studied. Of those who were NEET, 12.6% were NEET by choice. NEET non-homemakers had overall greater odds of substance use, substance use disorders and some suicidal behaviors in comparison with all their peers, whereas NEET homemakers had reduced odds. Those who were NEET because they didn't know what to do with their life had greater odds of mood, behavioral, and substance disorders, use of all substances and of suicide behaviors compared to those who were NEET by choice. CONCLUSIONS Non-homemaker NEET who lack life goals require targeted mental health intervention. The demographic reality of emerging adults not in education or employment and the varying reasons they give for being NEET are not consistent with how NEET is often conceptualized in terms of a societal problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Méndez Ríos
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kohn R, Ali AA, Puac-Polanco V, Figueroa C, López-Soto V, Morgan K, Saldivia S, Vicente B. Mental health in the Americas: an overview of the treatment gap. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e165. [PMID: 31093193 PMCID: PMC6386160 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the mental health treatment gap in the Region of the Americas by examining the prevalence of mental health disorders, use of mental health services, and the global burden of disease. Methods Data from community-based surveys of mental disorders in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and the United States were utilized. The World Mental Health Survey published data were used to estimate the treatment gap. For Canada, Chile, and Guatemala, the treatment gap was calculated from data files. The mean, median, and weighted treatment gap, and the 12-month prevalence by severity and category of mental disorder were estimated for the general adult, child-adolescent, and indigenous populations. Disability-adjusted Life Years and Years Lived with Disability were calculated from the Global Burden of Disease study. Results Mental and substance use disorders accounted for 10.5% of the global burden of disease in the Americas. The 12-month prevalence rate of severe mental disorders ranged from 2% - 10% across studies. The weighted mean treatment gap in the Americas for moderate to severe disorders was 65.7%; North America, 53.2%; Latin America, 74.7%; Mesoamerica, 78.7%; and South America, 73.1%. The treatment gap for severe mental disorders in children and adolescents was over 50%. One-third of the indigenous population in the United States and 80% in Latin America had not received treatment. Conclusion The treatment gap for mental health remains a public health concern. A high proportion of adults, children, and indigenous individuals with serious mental illness remains untreated. The result is an elevated prevalence of mental disorders and global burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ali Ahsan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Victor Puac-Polanco
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Chantal Figueroa
- Global Heath Program, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Kristen Morgan
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Sandra Saldivia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Concepción, Concepción, Región del Bío Bío, Chile
| | - Benjamín Vicente
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Concepción, Concepción, Región del Bío Bío, Chile
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A longitudinal study of reciprocal risk between mental and substance use disorders among Mexican youth. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 105:45-53. [PMID: 30149219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional studies have documented a large co-occurrence of alcohol, drug and tobacco use and disorders with mood, anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders. Longitudinal research among adolescents is much more limited and inconsistent. We tested for possible prospective associations of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use and disorders with an array of anxiety, mood and disruptive behavior disorders from adolescence to early adulthood. METHODS We estimated prospective associations from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071; ages 19-26) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005 (ages 12-17), by using Relative Risk (RR) estimates. RESULTS Prior drug and tobacco use and disorders had small to modest associations with subsequent mood and disruptive behavior disorders (significant RR ranging from 1.42 to 3.30). Inversely, prior mood (RR = 1.54), anxiety (RR = 1.20) and disruptive behavior disorders (RR = 1.61) increased risk of any subsequent substance use disorder. Prior anxiety disorders increased the risk of drug use disorder (RR = 1.69) and prior disruptive behavior disorders increased risk of incident alcohol (RR = 1.70) and drug use (RR = 2.61) disorders. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in particular, was related to incident alcohol (RR = 2.08), drug (RR = 3.66), nicotine dependence (RR = 2.57) and any substance use disorders (RR = 2.18). DISCUSSION We found limited longitudinal evidence of bidirectional influences between substance use disorders and mood, anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders with effect sizes that were modest at most under all circumstances. Mechanisms for these complex relationships need to be addressed in future research.
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Shen YM, Chan BSM, Liu JB, Zhou YY, Cui XL, He YQ, Fang YM, Xiang YT, Luo XR. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among students aged 6~ 16 years old in central Hunan, China. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:243. [PMID: 30055590 PMCID: PMC6064142 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though several epidemiological surveys of psychiatric disorders have been carried out in China, only a few of them are concerned about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in central Hunan and reveal the distribution of common psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities. METHODS Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) were administered to a stratified sample of 17,071 participants aged 6 to 16 years old from two cities in the central part of Hunan province. Twelve-month prevalence rates were calculated. RESULTS Twelve-month prevalence of the population was 9.74%. The most common psychiatric disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (4.96%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (2.98%) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (1.77%). Of those with a 12-month prevalence diagnosis, 34.6% had one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Most notably, ADHD had comorbidity rates of 25.15% with ODD, 18.18% with CD, 6.38% with GAD, and 3.66% with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders are common in Chinese children and adolescents. Being the most prevalent mental disorder, ADHD requires continued focus and support in awareness and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Shen
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China ,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Bella Siu Man Chan
- 0000 0001 2288 9830grid.17091.3eThe Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China ,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yuan-Yue Zhou
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Mental Health Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013 China
| | - Xi-Long Cui
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China ,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China ,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yu-min Fang
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China ,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xue-Rong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Lesinskiene S, Girdzijauskiene S, Gintiliene G, Butkiene D, Puras D, Goodman R, Heiervang E. Epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:548. [PMID: 29699524 PMCID: PMC5921298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid socio-economic change since the past decades. Together with determining the prevalence rates of disorders and assessing the needs for the services, this study has also shifted attention from the highly selective samples of children attending children and adolescent mental health services towards less severe cases of psychopathology as well as different attitudes of parents and teachers. The aim of the first epidemiological study in Lithuania was to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community sample of children. Methods Child psychiatric disorders were investigated in a representative sample of 3309 children aged 7–16 years (1162 7–10-year-olds and 2147 11–16-year-olds), using a two-phase design with the Lithuanian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the first screening phase, and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) in the second diagnostic phase. Results The estimated point prevalence of ICD-10 psychiatric disorders was 13.1% for the total sample (14.0% for the child sample and 12.1% for adolescent sample). The most common groups of disorders were Conduct disorders 6.6% (7.1% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), Anxiety disorders 5.0% (5.9% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), with Hyperkinesis being less common 2.0% (2.7% for child sample and 1.2% for adolescent sample). Potential risk factors were related to individual characteristics of the child (gender, poor general health, and stressful life experiences), and the family (single parenthood, foster care, unfavourable family climate, disciplining difficulties, worries related to TV or computer use). Conclusions The overall prevalence of youth psychiatric disorders was relatively high in this representative Lithuanian sample compared to Western European countries. The SDQ and DAWBA measures appear useful for the further research and clinical practice in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Grazina Gintiliene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Butkiene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Puras
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's college London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Einar Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Murray J, Shenderovich Y, Gardner F, Mikton C, Derzon JH, Liu J, Eisner M. Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. CRIME AND JUSTICE (CHICAGO, ILL.) 2018; 47:255-364. [PMID: 30310248 PMCID: PMC6176906 DOI: 10.1086/696590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Violent crime is a major cause of social instability, injury, and death in low- and middle-income countries. Longitudinal studies in high-income countries have provided important evidence on developmental precursors of violence and other antisocial behaviors. However, there may be unique influences or different risk factor effects in other social settings. Extensive searches in seven languages and screening of over 60,000 references identified 39 longitudinal studies of antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries. Many risk factors have roughly the same average effects as when studied in high-income countries. Stability of aggression over a 3-year period is almost identical across low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Dimensions of comorbid psychopathology such as low self-control, hyperactivity, and sensation seeking are associated with antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries, but some early physical health factors have consistently weak or null effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University
| | - Christopher Mikton
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England
| | - James H Derzon
- Center for Advanced Methods Development, Research Triangle Institute
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Parry P, Allison S, Bastiampillai T. 'Paediatric bipolar disorder' rates are lower than claimed - a reexamination of the epidemiological surveys used by a meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2018; 23:14-22. [PMID: 32677365 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Paediatric bipolar disorder' (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis where often prepubertal children as well as adolescents, who may have a range of psychiatric disorders or symptoms, are diagnosed with a severe mental illness requiring lifelong medication. Clinically, it has often been applied in the United States but rarely in most other countries. A meta-analysis (Van Meter et al., Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, , 72, 1250) claimed that the prevalence of PBD was similar to adults at 1.8% with no difference between the United States and other countries. This conclusion has been highly cited. METHODS The heterogeneous nature of the original 12 epidemiological surveys warrants a qualitative analysis, rather than statistical meta-analysis as performed by Van Meter et al. (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2011, 72, 1250). Thus, the meta-analysis and each of the 12 studies (six from the United States; six from other countries) were reexamined. RESULTS Most of the 12 surveys predated the emergence of the PBD hypothesis. The 12 surveys were mainly of adolescents and at times young adults with few prepubertal children. Prevalence rates in the 12 studies suggest a lower rate of bipolar disorder, especially in non-US samples. For example, the Van Meter et al. (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2011, 72, 1250) meta-analysis chose a rate of 2.8% by summation of adolescent and parent responses in a Dutch survey, however the rate fell to 0% if requiring concordance of adolescent and parent responses. Indeed, it could be argued that four of the non-US studies show 0% rates of PBD. CONCLUSIONS Rates of PBD were generally substantially lower than 1.8%, particularly in non-US surveys, and if both parent and adolescent reports were required to meet the diagnostic threshold they fell to close to zero. The reanalysis suggests that bipolar disorder is rare before the expected age of onset in later adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parry
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Allison
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Márquez-Caraveo ME, Arroyo-García E, Granados-Rojas A, Ángeles-Llerenas A. [Children's Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Juan N. Navarro: 50 years of attention to the mental health of children and adolescents in Mexico]. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2017; 59:477-484. [PMID: 29211270 DOI: 10.21149/8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities concerning mental health care of psychiatric disorders during more than 50 years of service (1966-2016) at the Children's Psychiatric Hospital "Dr. Juan N. Navarro" (HPI), as well as the progressive development of teaching and research, have contributed to its positioning as a leading institution in medical care of high specialization. This has been possible through the training of human resources that focus the quality of care to the children and their families. The hospital has progressed towards diagnostic and therapeutic care of outpatients through the creation of specialized clinics (emotions, behavior, development, adolescence, among others) and the development of more actualized and integral therapeutic programs (behavioral psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic; individual, group, family, etc.). In the field of education, the hospital has been the most important institution in the training of child psychiatrists in Mexico and its recognition as a research interdisciplinary center has grown.
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Gutiérrez-García RA, Benjet C, Borges G, Méndez Ríos E, Medina-Mora ME. NEET adolescents grown up: eight-year longitudinal follow-up of education, employment and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood in Mexico City. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1459-1469. [PMID: 28528425 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose is to examine the socio-demographic and mental health outcomes in early adulthood of those who as adolescents were not in education, employment or training, termed NEET, compared to their counterparts who studied, worked, or both. One thousand and seventy-one youth residing in Mexico City participated in a representative, prospective, longitudinal 8-year two-Wave cohort study. At Wave I the participants were aged 12-17 and at Wave II aged 19 and 26. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed psychiatric disorders, substance use and abuse, suicidal behavior, interpersonal relationships, employment and education. The main finding of this study is that being NEET in adolescence was associated with several socio-demographic and mental health outcomes in early adulthood, above and beyond baseline socioeconomic disadvantage and mental health compared to their peers, particularly their peers who studied only or studied and worked. NEET youth were not that different from their peers who worked exclusively highlighting the protective value of keeping youth in school. The strongest differences between NEET youth and all their peer groups were their increased risks of incident suicidal behaviors. Social policies are needed for creating more educational opportunities, greater support for retention of students, and programs to facilitate the transition from school to the labor market considering cultural attitudes towards life trajectory expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl A Gutiérrez-García
- Research, De La Salle Bajio University, Campus Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Counseling Service, Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Méndez Ríos
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Medina-Mora
- Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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The growth of suicide ideation, plan and attempt among young adults in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2017; 26:635-643. [PMID: 27523098 PMCID: PMC6999042 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796016000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Low and middle income countries share a heavy burden of suicide with about three in every four suicides occurring in these countries. Mexico has witnessed a growing trend in suicide deaths; if this trend is not simply a reflection of better reporting of suicide on death certificates, then this increase should logically be accompanied by an increasing trend in suicide ideation, plan and attempts, but we lack information on the trends for suicide ideation, plan and attempt for this period. We therefore aim to report changes for suicidal behaviour for the period 2001-2013 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. METHOD Using two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Mexico in 2001 and 2013, we report the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicide ideation, plan and attempt and changes in treatment for these problems among respondents aged 19-26 living in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area 12 years apart. To estimate the changes in prevalence for each outcome, we used generalised linear models to calculate prevalence ratios (PR; the prevalence rate in the exposed (year 2013) divided by the prevalence rate in the unexposed (year 2001-2002), adjusting for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS While increases in the prevalence are noted everywhere, statistical comparisons only found differences for lifetime ideation (PR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.7-5.8) and a borderline difference for suicide attempt (PR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.0-4.9). No attempt within the last 12-months was reported in 2001, but the prevalence in 2013 reached 1.5% (18 cases). While PRs for 12-month prevalence were all above the null, none reached statistically significant differences. During this 12-year period, the distribution of mental disorders and the use of services for mental disorders among suicide ideators, planners and attempters did not change in any noticeable way. CONCLUSIONS The limitations of our data are the small number of participants in the 2001 survey, the low follow-up rate for the survey in 2013 and that while representative from one city it does not represent the whole country. These findings suggest that suicide ideation and attempt may have increased during this 12-year period in the Mexico City metropolitan area, but this increase did not lead to more use of mental health care services. This information, coupled with the long-term trend of increasing suicide death rates in the country, draw a worrisome and neglected scenario for our youth in this region. Urgent measures, following the recent WHO guidelines for suicide prevention, must not be postponed.
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Goldstein BI, Birmaher B, Carlson GA, DelBello MP, Findling RL, Fristad M, Kowatch RA, Miklowitz DJ, Nery FG, Perez‐Algorta G, Van Meter A, Zeni CP, Correll CU, Kim H, Wozniak J, Chang KD, Hillegers M, Youngstrom EA. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:524-543. [PMID: 28944987 PMCID: PMC5716873 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous growth in research regarding bipolar disorder (BD) among children and adolescents (ie, pediatric BD [PBD]). The primary purpose of this article is to distill the extant literature, dispel myths or exaggerated assertions in the field, and disseminate clinically relevant findings. METHODS An international group of experts completed a selective review of the literature, emphasizing areas of consensus, identifying limitations and gaps in the literature, and highlighting future directions to mitigate these gaps. RESULTS Substantial, and increasingly international, research has accumulated regarding the phenomenology, differential diagnosis, course, treatment, and neurobiology of PBD. Prior division around the role of irritability and of screening tools in diagnosis has largely abated. Gold-standard pharmacologic trials inform treatment of manic/mixed episodes, whereas fewer data address bipolar depression and maintenance/continuation treatment. Adjunctive psychosocial treatment provides a forum for psychoeducation and targets primarily depressive symptoms. Numerous neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies, and increasing peripheral biomarker studies, largely converge with prior findings from adults with BD. CONCLUSIONS As data have accumulated and controversy has dissipated, the field has moved past existential questions about PBD toward defining and pursuing pressing clinical and scientific priorities that remain. The overall body of evidence supports the position that perceptions about marked international (US vs elsewhere) and developmental (pediatric vs adult) differences have been overstated, although additional research on these topics is warranted. Traction toward improved outcomes will be supported by continued emphasis on pathophysiology and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar DisorderSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada,Departments of Psychiatry and PharmacologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Gabrielle A Carlson
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook University School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mary Fristad
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Robert A Kowatch
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center/Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | | | - Fabiano G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | | | - Anna Van Meter
- Ferkauf Graduate School of PsychologyYeshiva UniversityBronxNYUSA
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside HospitalDepartment of PsychiatryNorthwell HealthGlen OaksNYUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular MedicineHofstra Northwell School of MedicineHempsteadNYUSA
| | - Hyo‐Won Kim
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Janet Wozniak
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric PsychopharmacologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kiki D Chang
- Department of PsychiatryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus Medical Center‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME, Menendez D. Alcohol, cannabis and other drugs and subsequent suicide ideation and attempt among young Mexicans. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 91:74-82. [PMID: 28325681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report results from a follow-up study of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs on suicidal behavior. METHOD We estimated prospective associations of substance use as a risk factor for incident suicide ideation and attempt, from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005. RESULTS Cannabis use before age 15 (ideation risk ratio (RR) = 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-11.03; attempt RR = 5.23; 95% CI = 1.17-23.32), early onset of DSM-IV drug use disorder (DUD) among cannabis users (ideation RR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.11-9.84; attempt RR = 4.14; 95% CI = 1.28-13.36), high frequency of cannabis use (RR for attempts = 4.60; 1.03-20.60) and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users (RR for attempts = 4.74; 1.09-20.57) increased the RR. For "other drug use", significant results were found among those with high frequency use of other drugs such that they had a higher RR of suicide attempt (5.04; 1.03-24.64). For alcohol, only those who initiated alcohol before age 15 had higher RRs of suicide attempt (1.79; 1.00-3.20). DISCUSSION Those who used cannabis at an early age, early onset of DSM-IV-DUD, and those with heavy cannabis use and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users in the last 12-months had increased risk of suicide ideation and attempt. Drugs other than cannabis showed some of these associations, but to a lesser degree. Prevention of substance use and treatment of those already engaged in drug use, by decreasing suicide ideation and attempt, may help to prevent suicide in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Corina Benjet
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Menendez
- University of Wisconsin- Madison, Department of Psychology, WI, USA
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Benjet C, González-Herrera I, Castro-Silva E, Méndez E, Borges G, Casanova L, Medina-Mora ME. Non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican young adults: Prevalence, associations with suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders, and DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:1-8. [PMID: 28288307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may lead to scarring, infection, accidental death and psychological distress. Little is known about NSSI in the general population of young adults in developing countries like Mexico. The current study examined the prevalence of any NSSI and each type of NSSI, the prevalence of meeting DSM-5 proposed criteria, and finally the association of NSSI with socio-demographic variables, suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This study was conducted in a community sample of 1071 young adults between 19 and 26 years of age residents of Mexico City. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 18.56% with females having 87% greater odds. The 12-month prevalence was 3.19%. Only 0.22% of the total sample and 6.96% of those that self-injured in the past 12 months met full criteria proposed by DSM-5, in part due to the lack of reported impairment; 39.99% of those that self-injured reported impairment. Suicidal behavior commonly co-occurred with NSSI. All lifetime anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior and substance use disorders were associated with greater risk for lifetime NSSI whereas only 12-month depression and substance use disorder was associated with greater risk of 12-month NSSI. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions of causality and directionality and the study excluded institutionalized and homeless young adults. CONCLUSIONS NSSI is a concerning problem in young adults from Mexico City due to the important associations with all types of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Because many who self-injure do not perceive impairment, they are unlikely to seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Enrique Méndez
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Casanova
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
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Martinez W, Galván J, Saavedra N, Berenzon S. Barriers to Integrating Mental Health Services in Community-Based Primary Care Settings in Mexico City: A Qualitative Analysis. Psychiatr Serv 2017; 68:497-502. [PMID: 27974004 PMCID: PMC5411288 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders in Mexico, minimal mental health services are available and there are large gaps in mental health treatment. Community-based primary care settings are often the first contact between patients and the health system and thus could serve as important settings for assessing and treating mental disorders. However, no formal assessment has been undertaken regarding the feasibility of implementing these services in Mexico. Before tools are developed to undertake such an assessment, a more nuanced understanding of the microprocesses affecting mental health service delivery must be acquired. METHODS A qualitative study used semistructured interviews to gather information from 25 staff in 19 community-based primary care clinics in Mexico City. Semistructured interviews were analyzed by using the meaning categorization method. In a second phase of coding, emerging themes were compared with an established typology of barriers to health care access. RESULTS Primary care staff reported a number of significant barriers to implementing mental health services in primary care clinics, an already fragile and underfunded system. Barriers included the following broad thematic categories: service issues, language and cultural issues, care recipient characteristics, and issues with lack of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the implementation of mental health services in primary care clinics in Mexico will be difficult. However, the information in this study can help inform the integration of mental health into community-based primary care in Mexico through the development of adequate evaluative tools to assess the feasibility and progress of integrating these services.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Martinez
- Dr. Martinez is with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (e-mail: ). The other authors are with the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City
| | - Jorge Galván
- Dr. Martinez is with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (e-mail: ). The other authors are with the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City
| | - Nayelhi Saavedra
- Dr. Martinez is with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (e-mail: ). The other authors are with the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City
| | - Shoshana Berenzon
- Dr. Martinez is with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (e-mail: ). The other authors are with the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City
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Herrera AV, Benjet C, Méndez E, Casanova L, Medina-Mora ME. How Mental Health Interviews Conducted Alone, in the Presence of an Adult, a Child or Both Affects Adolescents' Reporting of Psychological Symptoms and Risky Behaviors. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:417-428. [PMID: 26792265 PMCID: PMC5241249 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The normative process of autonomy development in adolescence involves changes in adolescents' information management typically characterized by decreasing disclosure and increasing concealment. These changes may have an important impact on the early detection and timely treatment of mental health conditions and risky behavior. Therefore, the objective was to extend our understanding of how these developmental changes in adolescent disclosure might impact adolescent mental health interviews. Specifically, we estimated the effects of third party presence and type of third party presence (adult, child, or both) on adolescents' reports of psychiatric symptoms, substance use, suicidal behavior, and childhood adversity. In this representative sample of 3005 adolescents from Mexico City (52.1 % female), administered the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI-A), adult presence influenced reporting the most; in their presence, adolescents reported more ADHD, parental mental illness and economic adversity, but less panic disorder, PTSD, drug use and disorder, and suicidal behavior. The presence of children was associated with increased odds of reporting conduct disorder, opportunity for drug use, parental criminal behavior, neglect, and the death of a parent. While adolescent information management strategies are normative and even desirable as a means of gaining emotional autonomy, they may also interfere with timely detection and treatment or intervention for mental health conditions and risky behaviors. Research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey V Herrera
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Corina Benjet
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Enrique Méndez
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Leticia Casanova
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14400, México, D.F., Mexico
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Curran E, Adamson G, Stringer M, Rosato M, Leavey G. Severity of mental illness as a result of multiple childhood adversities: US National Epidemiologic Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:647-57. [PMID: 26952327 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine patterns of childhood adversity, their long-term consequences and the combined effect of different childhood adversity patterns as predictors of subsequent psychopathology. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from the US National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Using latent class analysis to identify childhood adversity profiles; and using multinomial logistic regression to validate and further explore these profiles with a range of associated demographic and household characteristics. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis substantiated initial latent class analysis findings by investigating a range of mental health diagnoses. RESULTS Latent class analysis generated a three-class model of childhood adversity in which 60 % of participants were allocated to a low adversity class; 14 % to a global adversities class (reporting exposures for all the derived latent classes); and 26 % to a domestic emotional and physical abuse class (exposed to a range of childhood adversities). Confirmatory Factor analysis defined an internalising-externalising spectrum to represent lifetime reporting patterns of mental health disorders. Using logistic regression, both adversity groups showed specific gender and race/ethnicity differences, related family discord and increased psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS We identified underlying patterns in the exposure to childhood adversity and associated mental health. These findings are informative in their description of the configuration of adversities, rather than focusing solely on the cumulative aspect of experience. Amelioration of longer-term negative consequences requires early identification of psychopathology risk factors that can inform protective and preventive interventions. This study highlights the utility of screening for childhood adversities when individuals present with symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Curran
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Magee College, Northland Rd, Derry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Gary Adamson
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Magee College, Northland Rd, Derry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice Stringer
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Magee College, Northland Rd, Derry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael Rosato
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Magee College, Northland Rd, Derry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Magee College, Northland Rd, Derry, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Eight-year incidence of psychiatric disorders and service use from adolescence to early adulthood: longitudinal follow-up of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:163-73. [PMID: 26009150 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Half of mental disorders have their first onset before adulthood when the presence of a disorder may be particularly disruptive to developmental milestones. Retrospective prevalence estimates have been shown to underestimate the burden of mental illness and scarce data are available on the incidence of disorders throughout the adolescent period, especially in developing countries. Thus, the objective was to determine the incidence of mental disorders in an 8-year period from adolescence to young adulthood, onset of service use and their predictors in a Mexican cohort. 1071 respondents from a representative two-wave panel sample participated in the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey in 2005 and in the follow-up survey in 2013. Disorders were evaluated with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. 37.9% experienced the onset of a psychiatric disorder and 28.4% sought services for the first time. Substance use disorders had the greatest incidence, followed by mood and behavior disorders, anxiety disorders and lastly eating disorders. Sex, age, school dropout, childhood adversities and prior mental disorders predicted the onset of new disorders. Being female, having more educated parents and most classes of disorder predicted first time service use. These findings contribute to a paradigm shift in conceptions of mental disorder similar to how we think of common physical afflictions as near universal experiences across the life course, but less frequent at any given moment. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable. Therefore, public health policy should focus on early universal promotion of positive mental health and structural determinants of mental health.
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Parra-Cardona JR, Aguilar Parra E, Wieling E, Domenech Rodríguez MM, Fitzgerald HE. Closing The Gap between Two Countries: Feasibility of Dissemination Of An Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention in México. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2015; 41:465-80. [PMID: 25244577 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe the initial steps of an international program of prevention research in Monterrey, México. Specifically, we present a feasibility study focused on exploring the level of acceptability reported by a group of Mexican mothers who were exposed to a culturally adapted parenting intervention originally developed in the United States. The efficacious intervention adapted in this investigation is known as Parent Management Training, the Oregon Model (PMTO(®)). Following a description of our international partnership, we describe the implementation of the pilot study aimed at determining initial feasibility. Qualitative data provided by 40 Mexican mothers exposed to the culturally adapted parenting intervention illustrate the participants' high level of receptivity toward the intervention, as well as the beneficial impact on their parenting practices.
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González-Forteza C, Torre AEHDL, Vacio-Muro MDLÁ, Peralta R, Wagner FA. [Depression among adolescents. A hidden problem for public health and clinical practice]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2015; 72:149-155. [PMID: 29425995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is an important public health problem that requires more and better attention. In the present work we review epidemiologic studies of depression among adolescents in Mexico and discuss strategies that may help in earlier identification and referral of potential cases for timely care. In summary, depressive symptoms are prevalent among adolescents and adults in Mexico as in many other countries, with a higher ratio of female cases. Young people experiencing the most challenging socio-urban situations have higher rates of depression. Even though depressive disorders are more prevalent among females, consequences may be even worse for males. The authors posit that, among males, stigma attached to depression might lead to attempts to hide depressive symptoms by masking them through high-risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol, drug use, and violence, among others). Women may have higher rates of suicide attempts, but the case-fatality rate of suicide attempts is higher among males. Despite of barriers and resource scarcity among healthcare and educational institutions, it is necessary to continue to develop alternatives that will lead to better attention of mental health issues among the youth, even when their mental health needs are not expressed directly or their chief complaints are in regard to "other" health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina González-Forteza
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Dr. Ramón de la Fuente, México D.F., México
| | | | | | - Robert Peralta
- The University of Akron. Department of Sociology. Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Fernando A Wagner
- Morgan State University. Prevention Sciences Research Center & School of Community Health and Policy. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ginige P, Tennakoon SUB, Wijesinghe WHMKJ, Liyanage L, Herath PSD, Bandara K. Prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems among seven to eleven year old children in selected schools in Kandy District, Sri Lanka. J Affect Disord 2015; 167:167-70. [PMID: 24973768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and emotional problems comprising internalizing, externalizing and mixed disorders consist of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescents. Prevalence rates of 8.3% for preschoolers, 12.2% for preadolescents and 15.0% for adolescents have been reported from around the world. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of emotional and behavioral disorders in 7-11 year-old school children studying in Kandy District Sri Lanka which was a first for the geographic area. METHOD This was a community based study at the primary section of the selected schools. The questionnaire, Child behavior Checklist-Sinhala (CBCL-S) was administered in a group setting to the main caregiver of 562 subjects selected randomly. The questionnaire identified problems in 8 subscales under three main sub categories : internalizing, externalizing and other. Data were analyzed using The Syndrome Scales for Boys and Girls developed for analyzing the questionnaire CBCL. RESULTS Indicated a prevalence of 13.8% of emotional and behavioral problems in the study population. 8.8% of children showed internalizing problems and 8.8% externalizing problems. These findings are in line with the prevailing rates from previous studies of the world. Children in school types 1AB and 1C had less emotional and behavioral problems compared to type 2 and 3 schools. LIMITATIONS Only 20 schools in KEZ and Sinhala speaking population of the Kandy were studied. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the extent of childhood emotional and behavioral problems and also confirms that the schools with advanced level classes have lesser problems amongst primary children.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ginige
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - S U B Tennakoon
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - W H M K J Wijesinghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - K Bandara
- Nivahana Society of Kandy, Central Province, Sri Lanka
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Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:345-65. [PMID: 25649325 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2004] [Impact Index Per Article: 222.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta-analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates. RESULTS We included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide-pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3-15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7-9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7-3.9), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6-4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0-8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta-analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Center on Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
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James SL, Romero M, Ramírez-Villalobos D, Gómez S, Pierce K, Flaxman A, Serina P, Stewart A, Murray CJL, Gakidou E, Lozano R, Hernandez B. Validating estimates of prevalence of non-communicable diseases based on household surveys: the symptomatic diagnosis study. BMC Med 2015; 13:15. [PMID: 25620318 PMCID: PMC4306245 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Easy-to-collect epidemiological information is critical for the more accurate estimation of the prevalence and burden of different non-communicable diseases around the world. Current measurement is restricted by limitations in existing measurement systems in the developing world and the lack of biometry tests for non-communicable diseases. Diagnosis based on self-reported signs and symptoms ("Symptomatic Diagnosis," or SD) analyzed with computer-based algorithms may be a promising method for collecting timely and reliable information on non-communicable disease prevalence. The objective of this study was to develop and assess the performance of a symptom-based questionnaire to estimate prevalence of non-communicable diseases in low-resource areas. METHODS As part of the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium study, we collected 1,379 questionnaires in Mexico from individuals who suffered from a non-communicable disease that had been diagnosed with gold standard diagnostic criteria or individuals who did not suffer from any of the 10 target conditions. To make the diagnosis of non-communicable diseases, we selected the Tariff method, a technique developed for verbal autopsy cause of death calculation. We assessed the performance of this instrument and analytical techniques at the individual and population levels. RESULTS The questionnaire revealed that the information on health care experience retrieved achieved 66.1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 65.6-66.5%) chance corrected concordance with true diagnosis of non-communicable diseases using health care experience and 0.826 (95% UI, 0.818-0.834) accuracy in its ability to calculate fractions of different causes. SD is also capable of outperforming the current estimation techniques for conditions estimated by questionnaire-based methods. CONCLUSIONS SD is a viable method for producing estimates of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in areas with low health information infrastructure. This technology can provide higher-resolution prevalence data, more flexible data collection, and potentially individual diagnoses for certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernardo Hernandez
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave,, Suite 600, Seattle 98121, WA, USA.
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Esch P, Bocquet V, Pull C, Couffignal S, Lehnert T, Graas M, Fond-Harmant L, Ansseau M. The downward spiral of mental disorders and educational attainment: a systematic review on early school leaving. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:237. [PMID: 25159271 PMCID: PMC4244046 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most psychiatric disorders present symptom patterns that cause severe impairment on the emotional, cognitive and social level. Thus, adolescents who suffer from a mental disorder risk finding themselves in a downward spiral caused by the reciprocal association of psychological symptoms and negative school experiences that may culminate in early school leaving. In addition to previous collective work that mainly focused on school refusing behaviour among children and was presented as an expert's opinion, the following systematic review fills the knowledge gap by providing a structured overview of the bidirectional association between mental health and secondary school dropout based on a sound methodology and with a particular focus on mediating factors. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from January 1990 until June 2014. Selected references were assessed for study details, main results, mediating factors and methodological limitations. Standardized risk of bias assessment was conducted. RESULTS Mood and anxiety disorders seemed to have a less consequential direct effect on early school leaving than substance use and disruptive behaviour disorders. The association between externalizing disorders and educational attainment was even stronger when the disorder occurred early in life. On the other hand, internalizing disorders were reported to develop as a consequence of school dropout. Only few studies had addressed gender differences, with discrepant results. Socio-economic background, academic achievement and family support were identified as significant mediating factors of the association between mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggested a strong association between mental health and education, in both directions. However, most studies focused on mediating factors that could not be targeted by intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Esch
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Valéry Bocquet
- Competence Centre of Methodology and Statistics, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Charles Pull
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Rue Ernest Barblé 4, Luxembourg, 1210 Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Couffignal
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Lehnert
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier du Kirchberg, Rue Edward Steichen 9, Luxembourg, 2540 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Graas
- Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique, Avenue des Alliés 17, Ettelbruck, 9002 Luxembourg
| | - Laurence Fond-Harmant
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Ansseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 13, Liège, 4000 Belgium
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