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Kijanović A, Vukov T, Mirč M, Mitrović A, Prokić MD, Petrović TG, Radovanović TB, Gavrilović BR, Despotović SG, Gavrić JP, Tomašević Kolarov N. The role of phenotypic plasticity and corticosterone in coping with pond drying conditions in yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata, Linnaeus 1758) tadpoles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:753-765. [PMID: 38651613 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Amphibian larvae inhabiting temporary ponds often exhibit the capacity to accelerate development and undergo metamorphosis in challenging conditions like desiccation. However, not all species exhibit this ability, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) is one such example. The underlying mechanisms behind the inability to accelerate development under desiccation remain largely unexplored. The hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and corticosterone (CORT), which act synergistically with thyroid hormone, are thought to facilitate metamorphosis in response to desiccation stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether modification in the HPI axis, particularly CORT levels, contributes to the absence of adaptive plasticity in B. variegata under desiccation stress. The study design included four treatments: high water level, high water level with exogenous CORT, low water level, and low water level with metyrapone (a CORT synthesis inhibitor). The main objective was to evaluate the effects of these treatments on whole-body corticosterone levels, life history, morphological traits, and oxidative stress parameters during the prometamorphic and metamorphic climax developmental stages. While low water level had no effect on total corticosterone levels, larval period, body condition index, and metamorphic body shape, it negatively affected metamorph size, mass, and growth rate. Our findings suggest that constant exposure to desiccation stress over generations may have led to modifications in the HPI axis activity in B. variegata, resulting in adaptation to changes in water level, evident through the absence of stress response. Consequently, CORT may not be a relevant stress indicator in desiccation conditions for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kijanović
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Vukov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Mirč
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mitrović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara G Petrović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana B Radovanović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka R Gavrilović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana G Despotović
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena P Gavrić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Wichit S, Villarroel PMS. Demographic inference from the mt-DNA COI gene and wing geometry of Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of Japanese encephalitis in Thailand. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107276. [PMID: 38821146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), contributes to human viral encephalitis in many Asian countries, including Thailand. This study represents the first investigation of the demographic patterns of Cx. gelidus populations in Thailand using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis and wing geometric morphometrics (GM). Mosquitoes were collected from 10 provinces across six regions of Thailand in 2022. Analysis of the COI sequences (n = 182) indicated high haplotype diversity (0.882) and low nucleotide diversity (0.006), with 72 haplotypes identified. The haplotype network demonstrated no profound splits among the geographic populations. Neutral tests, including Tajima's D and Fu's Fs, displayed negative values, with a significant result observed for Fu's Fs (-33.048, p < 0.05). The mismatch distribution analysis indicated that the population does not statistically deviate from a model of sudden population expansion (SSD = 0.010, p > 0.05; Rg = 0.022, p > 0.05). The estimations suggest that the Cx. gelidus population in Thailand began its expansion approximately between 459,243 and 707,011 years ago. The Mantel test showed no significant relationship between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.048, p > 0.05). Significant phenotypic differences (based on wing shape) were observed among most populations. Additionally, in this study, we found no significant relationships between phenotypic and genetic distances (r = 0.250, p > 0.05). Understanding the genetic and morphological dynamics of Cx. gelidus is vital for developing targeted surveillance and vector control measures. This knowledge will also help to predict how future environmental changes might affect these populations, thereby informing long-term vector management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand.
| | - Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Porcasi X, Marti GA, de Arias AR, Abrahan L, Suárez FC, Lobbia P, Medina G, Provecho Y, Cortez MR, Soria N, Gonçalves TC, Nattero J. Variety is the spice: The role of morphological variation of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) at a macro-scale. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107239. [PMID: 38735448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). One of the primary vectors of T. cruzi in South America is Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834). This triatomine species is distributed across a huge latitudinal gradient, inhabiting domiciliary , peridomiciliary , and wild environments. Its wide geographic distribution provides an excellent opportunity to study the relationships between environmental gradients and intraspecific morphological variation. In this study, we investigated variations in wing size and shape in T. infestans across six ecoregions. We aimed to address the following questions: How do wing size and shape vary on a regional scale, does morphological variation follow specific patterns along an environmental or latitudinal gradient, and what environmental factors might contribute to wing variation? Geometric morphometric methods were applied to the wings of 162 females belonging to 21 T. infestans populations, 13 from Argentina (n = 105), 5 from Bolivia (n = 42), and 3 from Paraguay (n = 15). A comparison of wing centroid size across the 21 populations showed significant differences. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) revealed significant differences in wing shape between the populations from Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, although there was a considerable overlap, especially among the Argentinian populations. Well-structured populations were observed for the Bolivian and Paraguayan groups. Two analyses were performed to assess the association between wing size and shape, geographic and climatic variables: multiple linear regression analysis (MRA) for size and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for shape. The MRA showed a significant general model fit. Six temperature-related variables, one precipitation-related variable, and the latitude showed significant associations with wing size. The PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between wing shape with latitude, longitude, temperature-related, and rainfall-related variables. Wing size and shape in T. infestans populations varied across geographic distribution. Our findings demonstrate that geographic and climatic variables significantly influence T. infestans wing morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE/ ANLIS-Malbrán). Av. Paseo Colón 568, CP 1063, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina V Piccinali
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Porcasi
- Instituto Gulich (CONAE UNC), Ruta C45 Km 8, CP 5187, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Aníbal Marti
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP-asociado a CIC, Blvd. 120 y 60 CP 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, CP 1255, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco, CP 5301, La Rioja, Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cano Suárez
- Programa Provincial Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud Pública San Juan. Santa Fe 977 (este) predio Hospital Dr Guillermo Rawson, CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CP 1425, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UNOVE), Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-epidemias (CENDIE / ANLIS-Malbrán), Pabellón Rawson s/n. Hospital Colonia, CP 2423, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Dirección de Control Integral de Vectores y Zoonosis. Laboratorio Entomológico y Parasitológico. Ministerio de Salud de Catamarca, Chacabuco 169, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Yael Provecho
- Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores. Av. 9 de Julio 1925, CP 1073, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirko Rojas Cortez
- Fundación Salud Naturaleza Integral (SANIT), Pasaje Fidelia de Sanchez 433, CP 00591, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Nicolás Soria
- División Manejo Integrado de Vectores, Departamento de Zoonosis, Dirección de Jurisdicción de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Santiago Cáceres 1885, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresa C Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz). Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, DEGE (FCEN, UBA), IEGEBA (UBA/CONICET), Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellón 2, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yeo H, Lin J, Yeoh TX, Puniamoorthy N. Resolution of cryptic mosquito species through wing morphometrics. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:105647. [PMID: 39067583 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are medically important insects, and accurate species identification is crucial to understanding vector biology, forming the cornerstone of successful vector control programs. Identification is difficult owing to morphologically similar species. Wing morphometrics can provide a simple, fast, and accurate way to classify species, and using it as a method to differentiate vector species among its cryptic congeners has been underexplored. Using a total of 227 mosquitoes and 20 landmarks per specimen, we demonstrated the utility of wing morphometrics in differentiating species two groups occurring in sympatry - Culex (Culex) vishnui group and Culex (Lophoceraomyia) subgenus, as well as explored population-level variation in the wing shape of Aedes albopictus across habitats. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced to validate the morphological and morphometric identification. Procrustes ANOVA regression and CVA based on wing shape reflected that the wing landmarks across all species differed significantly, and leave-one-out cross validation revealed an overall high accuracy of >97% for the two Culex groups. Wing morphometrics uncovered population-level variation within Aedes albopictus, but cross validation accuracy was low. Overall, we show that wing geomorphometric analysis is able to resolve cryptic Culex species (including vectors) occurring sympatrically, and is a robust tool for identifying mosquitoes reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tze Xuan Yeoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Cardini A. Allometry and phylogenetic divergence: Correspondence or incongruence? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39045807 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The potential connection between trends of within species variation, such as those of allometric change in morphology, and phylogenetic divergence has been a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than a century, including in the context of human evolution. In this study, I focus on size-related shape change in craniofacial proportions using a sample of more than 3200 adult Old World monkeys belonging to 78 species, of which 2942 specimens of 51 species are selected for the analysis. Using geometric morphometrics, I assess whether the divergence in the direction of static allometries increases in relation to phyletic differences. Because both small samples and taxonomic sampling may bias the results, I explore the sensitivity of the main analyses to the inclusion of more or less taxa depending on the choice of a threshold for the minimum sample size of a species. To better understand the impact of sampling error, I also use randomized subsampling experiments in the largest species samples. The study shows that static allometries vary broadly in directions without any evident phylogenetic signal. This variation is much larger than previously found in ontogenetic trajectories of Old World monkeys, but the conclusion of no congruence with phylogenetic divergence is the same. Yet, the effect of sampling error clearly contributes to inaccuracies and tends to magnify the differences in allometric change. Thus, morphometric research at the boundary between micro- and macro-evolution in primates, and more generally in mammals, critically needs very large and representative samples. Besides sampling error, I suggest other non-mutually exclusive explanations for the lack of correspondence between allometric and phylogenetic divergence in Old World monkeys, and also discuss why directions might be more variable in static compared to ontogenetic trajectories. Even if allometric variation may be a poor source of information in relation to phylogeny, the evolution of allometry is a fascinating subject and the study of size-related shape changes remains a fundamental piece of the puzzle to understand morphological variation within and between species in primates and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre for Forensic Anatomy and Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Chaiphongpachara T. Integrating wing morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA analysis to assess the filaria vector Mansonia uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Thailand. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:283. [PMID: 39042222 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Mansonia uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) is recognized as a vector of Brugia malayi and has been reported to transmit Wuchereria bancrofti, both causing lymphatic filariasis in humans. This study employed geometric morphometrics (GM) to investigate wing shape variation and analyzed genetic diversity through cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene analyses in Ma. uniformis populations across Thailand. Wing GM analyses indicated significant differences in wing shape based on Mahalanobis distances among nearly all population pairs (p < 0.05), with no significant correlation between wing shape and geographic distance (r = 0.210, p > 0.05). Genetic analyses identified 63 haplotypes and 49 polymorphic sites, with the overall population exhibiting a nucleotide diversity of 0.006 (± 0.001) and a haplotype diversity of 0.912 (± 0.017). Deviations from neutrality, as indicated by Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests for the overall Ma. uniformis populations in Thailand, were statistically significant and negative, suggesting population expansion (both p < 0.05). Analysis of molecular variance revealed no significant genetic structure when all populations were categorized based on collection sites and geographic regions. However, significant differences in FST values were observed between some populations. These findings enhance our understanding of the geographical and genetic factors influencing Ma. uniformis populations, which are crucial for developing effective control strategies in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand.
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Fernández-Navarro V, Garate D, Martínez DG. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in the human hands through a 2D geometric morphometrics approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e25001. [PMID: 39034487 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to conduct a thorough characterization of hand morphology. Employing a 2D geometric morphometric approach, we scrutinize individual fingers and the palm, delineating the ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex and investigating the alterations that take place at various stages of human development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A set of thirty-two 2D anatomical landmarks were assessed in a sex-balanced sample of human hands (F = 275, M = 250 males), spanning all stages of human development. Following Procrustes registration, the data on size and shape for individual fingers and the palm were examined for each biological sex and age group. Regression analysis was utilized to quantify ontogenetic trajectories for each biological sex. RESULTS The findings suggest a gradual escalation in sexual dimorphism throughout human development, with statistically noteworthy distinctions becoming apparent in size starting at the age of 3, and in shape from the age of 7 onwards. Additionally, our analyses uncover a distinctive sigmoid pattern between sexes, indicating that biological male hands exhibit a sturdier build compared to biological female hands from early childhood onward. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study enriches our insights into sexual dimorphism in human hands, stressing the importance of considering both size and shape across different ontogenetic stages. These findings not only expand our understanding of human biological variation but also lay the foundation for future interdisciplinary research in diverse scientific domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Fernández-Navarro
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Universidad de Cantabria, Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Diego Garate
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Universidad de Cantabria, Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Daniel García Martínez
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
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Abouelhassan EM, GadAllah S, Kamel MS, Kamal M, Elsayed HH, Sallam NH, Okely M. Molecular identification and morphological variations of Amblyomma lepidum imported to Egypt, with notes about its potential distribution under climate change. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:276. [PMID: 39017762 PMCID: PMC11255089 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The tick Amblyomma lepidum is an ectoparasite of veterinary importance due to its role in transmitting livestock diseases in Africa, including heartwater. This study was conducted in 2023 to monitor Amblyomma spp. infestation in dromedary camels imported from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Sudan to Egypt. This study inspected 200 camels at the Giza governorate's camel market that had been imported from Somalia, 200 from Ethiopia, and 200 from Sudan for tick infestation. Specimens were identified using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the 12S and 16S rRNA genes. Clusters were calculated using an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram to group the specimens according to their morphometric characteristics. The morphometric analysis compared the body shape of ticks collected from different countries by analyzing dorsal features. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were performed to obtain body shape variation among specimens from different countries. Results indicated that camels were infested by 57 males Amblyomma lepidum, and no female specimens were observed; among these specimens, one may have a morphological abnormality. The results suggest that A. lepidum specimens collected from camels imported to Egypt from African countries exhibit locally adapted morphology with variations among specimens, particularly variations in body size. This adaptation suggests minimal potential for genetic divergence. Ecological niche modeling was used to predict the areas in Africa with suitable climates for A. lepidum. The study confirmed that East African countries might have the most favorable climatic conditions for A. lepidum to thrive. Interestingly, the amount of rain during the wettest quarter (Bio16) had the strongest influence on the tick's potential distribution, with suitability decreasing sharply as rainfall increased. Future predictions indicate that the climatic habitat suitability for A. lepidum will decrease under changing climate conditions. However, historical, current, and future predictions indicate no suitable climatic habitats for A. lepidum in Egypt. These findings demand continuous surveillance of A. lepidum in camel populations and the development of targeted strategies to manage tick infestations and prevent the spread of heartwater disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abouelhassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Sohair GadAllah
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Kamel
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Hazem H Elsayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nahla H Sallam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Okely
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Sorensen RM, Savić-Zdravković D, Jovanović B. Changes in the wing shape and size in fruit flies exposed to micro and nanoplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142821. [PMID: 38986775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Geometric morphometrics analysis (GMA) is a well-known technique to identify minute changes in Drosophila wings. This study aimed to determine potential changes in Drosophila wings shape and size after exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) (50 nm) and microplastics (MPs) (1 μm). Flies were exposed from eggs to pupal eclosion and analyzed using GMA. Results revealed a difference in shape and size between male and female wings, as expected, due to sexual dimorphism. Therefore, wings were analyzed by sex. Wings of MPs and NPs treated females were elongated compared to controls and had a constriction of the wing joint. Additionally, MPs treated female flies had the most dissimilar shape compared to controls. In male flies, NPs flies had smaller wings compared to MPs and control flies. Compared to control, NPs wings of males were shrunken at the joint and in the entire proximal region of the wing. However, male MPs wings had a narrower anal region and were slightly elongated. These results reveal that wing shape and size can change in a different way based on the sex of the flies and size of plastic particles that larvae interacted with. All the changes in the wings occurred only within the normally allowed wing variation and treatment with NPs/MPs did not cause development of the aberrant phenotypes. Results can pave the way for further understanding of how MPs and NPs can alter phenotypes of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Sorensen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, 18000, Serbia.
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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10
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Liu J, Xu H, Wang Z, Li P, Yan Z, Bai M, Li J. Phylogenetics, Molecular Species Delimitation and Geometric Morphometrics of All Reddish-Brown Species in the Genus Neotriplax Lewis, 1887 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini). INSECTS 2024; 15:508. [PMID: 39057241 PMCID: PMC11277550 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
To date, five species of reddish-brown Neotriplax have been described, but their highly similar body color and other phenotypic traits make accurate taxonomy challenging. To clarify species-level taxonomy and validate potential new species, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was used for phylogenetic analysis and the geometric morphometrics of elytron, pronotum, and hind wing were employed to distinguish all reddish-brown Neotriplax species. Phylogenetic results using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of COI sequences aligned well with the current taxonomy of the Neotriplax species group. Significant K2P divergences, with no overlap between intra- and interspecific genetic distances, were obtained in Neotriplax species. The automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD), assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) approaches concurred, dividing the similar species into eight molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Geometric morphometric analysis using pronotum, elytron, hind wing shape and wing vein patterns also validated the classification of all eight species. By integrating these analytical approaches with morphological evidence, we successfully delineated the reddish-brown species of Neotriplax into eight species with three new species: N. qinghaiensis sp. nov., N. maoershanensis sp. nov., and N. guangxiensis sp. nov. Furthermore, we documented the first record of N. lewisii in China. This study underscores the utility of an integrative taxonomy approach in species delimitation within Neotriplax and serves as a reference for the taxonomic revision of other morphologically challenging beetles through integrative taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Huixin Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziqing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Zihan Yan
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;
| | - Ming Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Jing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Z.W.)
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11
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Xi O, Zhang S, Li J, Hu H, Bai M. Geometric Morphometrics and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chalcidoidea ( Diglyphus and Pachyneuron) at Various Elevations. INSECTS 2024; 15:497. [PMID: 39057230 PMCID: PMC11277471 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Eulophidae and Pteromalidae are parasitic wasps with a global distribution and import for the biological control of pests. They can be distributed in different altitude regions, but their morphological and genetic adaptations to different altitudes are unclear. Here, we collected specimens that belong to Eulophidae and Pteromalidae from various altitudinal gradients, based on integrated taxonomic approaches to determine the species composition, and we analyzed their body shape and size from different altitudes using geometric morphometrics. Then, we performed an analysis of the D. isaea population's haplotype genes to illustrate their genetic diversity. As a result, eight species that belong to two genera, Diglyphus Walker (Eulophidae) and Pachyneuron Walker (Pteromalidae), were identified, including two newly recorded species from China (D. chabrias and D. sabulosus). Through a geometric morphometrics analysis of body shape, we found that a narrow forewing shape and a widened thorax are the significant characteristics of adaptation to high-altitude environments in D. isaea and P. aphidis. Additionally, the body size studies showed a principal relationship between centroid size and altitude; the size of the forewings and thorax increases at higher altitudes. Next, using haplotype analysis, 32 haplotypes were found in seven geographic populations with high genetic diversity of this species. Our research provides preliminary evidence for the morphological and genetic diversity adaptation of parasitic wasps to extreme environments, and these data can provide important references for investigations on the ecological adaptability of parasitic wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyan Xi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (O.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (O.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (O.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (O.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China;
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12
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Estévez Manso Galán L, Antonetti M, Ibañez AC, Sérsic AN, Cocucci AA. Phenotypic selection patterns in a hybrid zone between two Calceolaria species with contrasting pollinators: insights from field surveys and fitness assessments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:440-450. [PMID: 38655668 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid zones provide natural experimental settings to test hypotheses about species divergence. We concentrated on a hybrid swarm in which oil-collecting bees and flower-pecking birds act as pollinators of two Calceolaria species. We asked whether both pollinators contributed to flower divergence by differentially promoting prezygotic fitness at the phenotypic extremes that represent parentals. We studied pollinator-mediated selection on phenotypic traits critical in plant-pollinator mechanical interaction, namely plant height, reward-to-stigma distance, and flower shape. We utilised the quantity and quality of pollen deposited as fitness measures and distinguished between the contribution of the two pollinator types. Results showed uni- and bivariate disruptive selection for most traits through pollen grains deposited by both pollinators. Bird-mediated fitness favoured low plants with a long reward-to-stigma distance and a straight corolla, while bee-mediated fitness favoured tall plants with a short reward-to-stigma distance and curved corolla. In addition, stabilising selection at one end of the phenotypic range showed a bird-mediated reproductive asymmetry within the swarm. The disruptive pattern was countered, albeit weakly, by hybrids receiving higher-quality pollen on the stigmas. Results suggest that pollinator-mediated selection promotes divergence of integrated flower phenotypes mechanically adjusted either to bees or birds underscoring the importance of pollinator specialisation in diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Estévez Manso Galán
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611(X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marco Antonetti
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611(X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611(X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia N Sérsic
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611(X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea A Cocucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield, 1611(X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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A K BK, George EA, Brockmann A. Tropical and montane Apis cerana show distinct dance-distance calibration curves. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247510. [PMID: 38853597 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Social bees have evolved sophisticated communication systems to recruit nestmates to newly found food sources. As foraging ranges can vary from a few hundred meters to several kilometers depending on the environment or season, populations of social bee species living in different climate zones likely show specific adaptations in their recruitment communication. Accordingly, studies in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, demonstrated that temperate populations exhibit shallower dance-calibration curves compared with tropical populations. Here, we report the first comparison of calibration curves for three Indian Apis cerana lineages: the tropical Apis indica, and the two montane Himalayan populations Apis cerana cerana (Himachal Pradesh) and Apis cerana kashmirensis (Jammu and Kashmir). We found that the colonies of the two montane A. cerana populations show dance-distance calibration curves with significantly shallower slopes than those of the tropical A. indica. Next, we transferred A. c. cerana colonies to Bangalore (∼ 2600 km away) to obtain calibration curves in the same location as A. indica. The common garden experiment confirmed this difference in slopes, implying that the lineages exhibit genetically fixed differences in dance-distance coding. However, the slopes of the calibration curves of the transferred A. c. cerana colonies were also significantly higher than those of the colonies tested in their original habitat, indicating an important effect of the environment. The differences in dance-distance coding between temperate and tropical A. cerana lineages resemble those described for Apis mellifera, suggesting that populations of both species independently evolved similar adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar A K
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
- Department of Apiculture, University of Agricultural Sciences - GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Ebi Antony George
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Brockmann
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
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14
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Rabe C, Marugán-Lobón J, Smith RMH, Chinsamy A. Geometric morphometric analysis of an ontogenetic cranial series of the Permian dicynodont Diictodon feliceps. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240626. [PMID: 39081192 PMCID: PMC11289659 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Karoo Basin of South Africa is renowned for its abundance and diversity of therapsid fossils. Among the most ubiquitous and persistent of the Permian fauna is the small herbivorous dicynodont Diictodon feliceps. Intraspecific variation in Diictodon is historically confounding, and while ontogeny is frequently cited as a potential source of variation, observable developmental changes have never been calibrated. The present study revisits this issue, comparing three-dimensional landmark configurations of 82 Diictodon crania to investigate the association between shape, size and dimorphism. Beyond the statistically significant relationship between shape and allometry, our results determine the shape differences between juvenile and adult skulls of Diictodon, aligned with common craniofacial features documented in other tetrapod taxa. Functionally, these changes are attributed to development of the jaw musculature for feeding on larger, tougher plant matter during later ontogeny. Cranial morphological variation owing to sexual dimorphism is negligible, but distinct differences are noted in the allometric trajectories of each morphotype. A component of non-allometric variation cannot be accounted for, and we propose that this represents natural variation, rather than an artefact of taphonomic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Rabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7700, South Africa
| | | | - Roger M. H. Smith
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Karoo Palaeontology, Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town7700, South Africa
| | - Anusuya Chinsamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7700, South Africa
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15
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Koçak S, Özaydin İ, Gündemir O. Shape analysis of the carpal joint in healthy and septic arthritis in newborn calves. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13080. [PMID: 38922719 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is common in newborn calves due to poor birth and housing hygiene. This study investigated the pathological deformities caused by arthritis in the carpal bones of calves using geometric morphometry. The changes in the carpal joint bones of newborn calves with septic arthritis were examined through shape analysis. The study included 20 healthy Simmental calves and 30 Simmental calves with septic arthritis. Dorso-palmar x-ray images of the carpal joint were taken, and geometric morphometry was performed on these images using 25 landmarks. The first principal components (PC1) represented 26.92% of the total variation, while PC2 represented 13.84%. One of the most significant shape changes with increasing PC1 occurred in the os carpi intermedium. The study found that it was statistically possible to discriminate between radiometric carpal joint images of Simmental calves in the control and arthritis groups using geometric morphometry. In newborn calves with septic arthritis, the trochlea radi was located more proximally. There was an enlargement of the os carpi intermedium and a tendency towards the os carpi ulnare in female calves with septic arthritis. These results indicate significant bone deformation due to septic arthritis. Geometric morphometric methods can be clinically useful, as demonstrated in this study. Researchers can statistically explore these shape analyses, opening new avenues for research in this field. This method not only enhances our understanding of morphological changes but also provides a framework for clinical investigations and discoveries in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Koçak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - İsa Özaydin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Sandoval C, Díaz A, Manríquez G. Assessing cervical spine and craniofacial morphology in Class II and Class III malocclusions: A geometric morphometric approach. Cranio 2024; 42:450-460. [PMID: 34623215 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1987040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To compare craniofacial and cervical morphology between skeletal Classes II and III applying Geometric Morphometric Methods (GMM). Twenty-six cervical and craniofacial landmarks of 40 Class II and 39 Class III individuals were digitalized on lateral cephalograms. Procrustes ANOVA, generalized Procrustes, principal component analyses, and thin-plate spline function were applied to assess the pattern of shape variation of craniofacial structure and the cervical spine in relation to skeletal classes. Compared with Class III, Class II individuals presented a maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, shorter mandibular corpus, posterior mandibular ramus rotation, anterior cranial base rotation, and a smaller centroid size. Furthermore, a forward and smaller cervical spine were observed. With GMM, the shape and size differences between skeletal classes can be analyzed visually and numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Díaz
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (Ca2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
| | - Germán Manríquez
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology (Ca2), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
- Institute of Dental Research, Physics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile
- Physical Anthropology Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Higgins SL, Bhadsavle SS, Gaytan MN, Thomas KN, Golding MC. Chronic paternal alcohol exposures induce dose-dependent changes in offspring craniofacial shape and symmetry. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1415653. [PMID: 39011393 PMCID: PMC11246915 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1415653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dose-response analyses are a fundamental tool in developmental toxicology, few studies have examined the impacts of toxicant dose on the non-genetic paternal inheritance of offspring disease and dysgenesis. In this study, we used geometric morphometric analyses to examine the impacts of different levels of preconception paternal alcohol exposure on offspring craniofacial shape and symmetry in a mouse model. Procrustes ANOVA followed by canonical variant analysis of geometric facial relationships revealed that Low-, Medium-, and High-dose treatments each induced distinct changes in craniofacial shape and symmetry. Our analyses identified a dose threshold between 1.543 and 2.321 g/kg/day. Below this threshold, preconception paternal alcohol exposure induced changes in facial shape, including a right shift in facial features. In contrast, above this threshold, paternal exposures caused shifts in both shape and center, disrupting facial symmetry. Consistent with previous clinical studies, changes in craniofacial shape predominantly mapped to regions in the lower portion of the face, including the mandible (lower jaw) and maxilla (upper jaw). Notably, high-dose exposures also impacted the positioning of the right eye. Our studies reveal that paternal alcohol use may be an unrecognized factor contributing to the incidence and severity of alcohol-related craniofacial defects, complicating diagnostics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Higgins
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sanat S Bhadsavle
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matthew N Gaytan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kara N Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael C Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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18
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Carretero JM, Rodríguez L, García-González R, Arsuaga JL. Main morphological characteristics and sexual dimorphism of hominin adult femora from the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2575-2605. [PMID: 37794824 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The excellent fossil record from Sima de los Huesos (SH) includes three well-known complete adult femora and several partial specimens that have not yet been published in detail. This fossil record provides an opportunity to analyze the morphology of European pre-Neandertal adult femur and its variation with different evolution patterns. Currently, there are a minimum of five adult individuals (males or females). In this study, we compiled previously published basic anatomical and biometric characteristics of SH adult femora, emphasizing the most relevant features compared to other recent and fossil hominins. The SH femora exhibited a primitive morphological pattern common to all non-Homo sapiens femora, as well as most of the Neandertal traits. Therefore, the complete Upper Pleistocene Neandertal pattern was well-established in Middle Pleistocene ancestors long before the proper Neandertals appeared. Additionally, we highlight that the SH and Neandertal femora share some morphological traits and proportions with modern humans that hold sexual significance in our species, regardless of size. Keeping this in mind, we discussed the sex determination of the complete SH specimens and re-evaluated sex allocation in two of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Miguel Carretero
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC), Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Area de Antropología Física, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan-Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Cosnefroy Q, Berillon G, Gilissen E, Brige P, Chaumoître K, Lamberton F, Marchal F. New insights into patterns of integration in the femur and pelvis among catarrhines. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24931. [PMID: 38491922 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Integration reflects the level of coordinated variation of the phenotype. The integration of postcranial elements can be studied from a functional perspective, especially with regards to locomotion. This study investigates the link between locomotion, femoral structural properties, and femur-pelvis complex morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured (1) morphological integration between femoral and pelvic morphologies using geometric morphometrics, and (2) covariation between femoral/pelvic morphologies and femoral diaphyseal cross-sectional properties, which we defined as morpho-structural integration. Morphological and morpho-structural integration patterns were measured among humans (n = 19), chimpanzees and bonobos (n = 16), and baboons (n = 14), whose locomotion are distinct. RESULTS Baboons show the highest magnitude of morphological integration and the lowest of morpho-structural integration. Chimpanzees and bonobos show intermediate magnitude of morphological and morpho-structural integration. Yet, body size seems to have a considerable influence on both integration patterns, limiting the interpretations. Finally, humans present the lowest morphological integration and the highest morpho-structural integration between femoral morphology and structural properties but not between pelvic morphology and femur. DISCUSSION Morphological and morpho-structural integration depict distinct strategies among the samples. A strong morphological integration among baboon's femur-pelvis module might highlight evidence for long-term adaptation to quadrupedalism. In humans, it is likely that distinct selective pressures associated with the respective function of the pelvis and the femur tend to decrease morphological integration. Conversely, high mechanical loading on the hindlimbs during bipedal locomotion might result in specific combination of structural and morphological features within the femur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Brige
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CERIMED, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Pôle Pharmacie, Radiopharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Kathia Chaumoître
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille Univ-CNRS-EFS, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Marseille, France
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20
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Urošević A, Budečević S, Ljubisavljević K, Tomašević Kolarov N, Ajduković M. Morphological variation, modularity and integration in the scapula and humerus of Lissotriton newts. J Anat 2024; 245:97-108. [PMID: 38429993 PMCID: PMC11161826 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The modular organization of tetrapod paired limbs and girdles, influenced by the expression of Hox genes is one of the primary driving forces of the evolution of animal locomotion. The increased morphological diversification of the paired limbs is correlated with reduced between-limb covariation, while correlation within the elements is usually higher than between the elements. The tailed amphibians, such as Lissotriton newts, have a biphasic lifestyle with aquatic and terrestrial environments imposing different constraints on limb skeleton. By employing the methods of computerized microtomography and 3D geometric morphometrics, we explored the pattern of morphological variation, disparity, modularity and morphological integration in the proximal parts of the anterior limbs of six species of Eurasian small bodied newts. Although the species significantly differ in limb shape, there is a great overlap in morphology of scapula and humerus, and there are no differences in morphological disparity. For the scapula, the shape differences related to the duration of the aquatic period are in length, depth and curvature. The shape of the humerus is not affected by the length of aquatic period, and shape differences between the species are related to robustness of the body. The length of aquatic period has statistically supported phylogenetic signal. The scapula and humerus are structures of varying modularity. For the humerus, the strongest support on the phylogenetic level was for the capitulum/shaft hypothesis, which can also be interpreted as functional modularity. For the scapula, the greatest support was for the antero-posterior hypothesis of modularity in case of Lissotriton vulgaris, which can be explained by different functional roles and muscle insertion patterns, while there was no phylogenetic modularity. The modularity patterns seem to correspond with the general tetrapod pattern, with modularity being more pronounced in the distal structure. The future research should include more salamandrid taxa with different habitat preferences and both adult and larval stages, in order to explore how size, phylogeny and ecology affect the morphology and covariation patterns of limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Urošević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Budečević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Ljubisavljević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Ajduković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Mougabure-Cueto G, Hernández ML, Gilardoni JJ, Nattero J. Morphometric study of the legs of the main Chagas vector, Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2024; 255:107219. [PMID: 38649106 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In triatomines, vectors of Chagas disease, active dispersal takes place by walking and flying. Flight has received more attention than walking although the last is the dispersal modality used by nymphs due to their lack of wings and also used by adults, which would facilitate the colonization and reinfestation of houses after vector control actions. The present work studied the morphometrical variation of Triatoma infestans legs, the main vector of Chagas disease the Southern Cone of South America. We described morphometric traits and the natural variation of each leg segment. Different linear, size and shape variables of each component of the three right legs of fifth instar nymphs of T. infestans were analyzed using morphometric tools. We analyzed differentiation, variation and correlation for each segment across the fore-, mid and hind legs using different statistical approaches such as general linear model, canonical variates analysis, test of equality of coefficient of variation and partial least square analysis. We also analyzed variation and correlation between segments within each leg with partial least square and morphometric disparity analyses. Our results showed that the segments differed between legs, as general trends, the dimensions (length, width and/or size) were greater in the hind legs, smaller in the forelegs and intermediate in the mid ones. The femur and tibia (length and/or width) showed differences in morphometric variation between legs and the femur and tibia showed the highest levels of correlation between legs. On the other hand, in the fore- and mid legs, the femur (length or width) showed similar variation with tibia and tarsus lengths, but in the hind legs, the femur showed similar variation with all segments and not with the tibia length, and there were strong correlations between linear measurement within each leg. Our results suggest that the femur and tibia could play a determining role in the coordination between the legs that determines the walking pattern. Considering that these segments would also be linked to the specific function that each leg has, this study suggests a preponderant role of the femur and tibia in the walking locomotion of T. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Hernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán, Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Juan José Gilardoni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA). Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Ağaç DK, Oktay E, Onuk B, Kabak M, Gündemir O. Shape variation in cranium, mandible and teeth in selected mouse strains. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13064. [PMID: 38841825 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
There are different strains of laboratory mouse used in many different fields. These strains differ anatomically. In order to determine these anatomical differences, shape analysis was conducted according to species. CD-1, C57bl/6 and Balb-c strains were preferred to study these differences. Forty-eight adult mouse strains belonging to these strains were utilized. The bones were photographed and geometric morphometry was applied to these photographs. Principal Component Analysis was applied to determine shape variations. In Principal component 1 for cranium, CD-1 and C57bl/6 strain groups showed different shape variations, while Balb-c strain group showed similar shape variations to the other strain groups. Principal Component 1 for the mandible separated the CD-1 and C57bl/6 strain groups in terms of shape variation. Principal Component 2 explained most of the variation between the C57bl/6 and CD-1 lineage groups. In PC1 for molars, the CD-1 group showed a different shape variation from the other groups. Mahalanobis distances and Procrustes distances were measured using Canonical variance analysis to explain the differences between the lineage groups. These measurements were statistically significant. For cranium, in canonical variate 1, CD-1 group of mouse and Balb-c group of mouse were separated from each other. In canonical variate 2, C57bl/6 group of mouse were separated from the other groups. For mandible, Balb-c group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and CD-1 group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. For molars, CD-1 group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and Balb-c group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. It was thought that these anatomical differences could be caused by genotypic factors as well as dietary differences and many different habits that would affect the way their muscles work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Küçük Ağaç
- Department of Veterinary, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Ece Oktay
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Onuk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Kabak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Çakar B, Bulut EÇ, Kahvecioglu O, Günay E, Ruzhanova-Gospodinova IS, Szara T. Bill shape variation in selected species in birds of prey. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13085. [PMID: 38965917 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
At the top of many ecosystems, raptors, also known as birds of prey, hold major influence. They shape their surroundings through their powerful hunting skills and complex interactions with their environment. This study investigates the beak morphology of four prominent raptor species, Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Common buzzard (Buteo buteo), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), found in Türkiye. By employing geometric morphometric methods, we investigate shape variations in the beaks of these species to unravel the adaptive significance of their cranial structures. This analysis reveals distinct beak morphologies among the studied raptors, reflecting adaptations to their feeding habits, hunting techniques and ecological niches. The results from Principal component analysis and Canonical variate analysis demonstrate significant differences in beak morphology between the Falconiformes and Accipitriformes clades, as well as among all three groups. The overall mean beak shapes of Golden Eagles are quite similar to Common Buzzards, with both species having longer beaks. In contrast, Falcons exhibit a distinctly different beak morphology, characterized by wider and shorter beaks. Changes in beak shape can lead to changes depending on the skull. It is thought that skull shape variations among predator families may have an impact on beak shape. These findings highlight the importance of integrating morphometric analyses with ecological insights to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes shaping raptor beak morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Çakar
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Çağatay Bulut
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Kahvecioglu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebuderda Günay
- Department of Wild Animal Diseases and Ecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tomasz Szara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Schild A, Baur H, Hertwig ST, Fritz U, Ursenbacher S. Genetic identification, morphology and distribution of Natrixhelvetica subspecies in southern and western Switzerland (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes). Zookeys 2024; 1205:223-238. [PMID: 38966573 PMCID: PMC11222720 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1205.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of Switzerland is inhabited by the nominotypical subspecies of the barred grass snake (Natrixhelveticahelvetica), which is characterized by mitochondrial DNA lineage E. Only in the northeast of the country, the common grass snake (N.natrix) occurs and hybridizes with N.h.helvetica in a narrow contact zone. However, we discovered that in southern and western Switzerland barred grass snakes representing another mtDNA lineage (lineage C) are widely distributed. Lineage C is typical for Alpine populations of the southern subspecies N.h.sicula. Our microsatellite analyses of the Swiss samples revealed differences between the two subspecies and also a substructure with two clusters in each subspecies. Furthermore, we discovered a contact and hybrid zone of N.h.helvetica and N.h.sicula along the northern shore of Lake Geneva and also confirm that interbreeding with alien common grass snakes (N.n.moreotica, mtDNA lineage 7) occurs there. This finding is of concern for nature conservation and measures should be taken to prevent further genetic pollution. Using morphometrics, we found no differences between the two subspecies of N.helvetica, while N.natrix was slightly distinct from N.helvetica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schild
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Hannes Baur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Stefan T. Hertwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, GermanyMuseum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde)DresdenGermany
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, SwitzerlandUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- info fauna – karch, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, 8237 Tihany, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, HungaryBalaton Limnological Research InstituteTihanyHungary
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25
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Hostalet N, González A, Salgado-Pineda P, Gonzàlez-Colom R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Aguirre C, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Llanos-Torres M, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E, Sevillano X, Martínez-Abadías N, Fatjó-Vilas M. Face-brain correlates as potential sex-specific biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116027. [PMID: 38954892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Given the shared ectodermal origin and integrated development of the face and the brain, facial biomarkers emerge as potential candidates to assess vulnerability for disorders in which neurodevelopment is compromised, such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The sample comprised 188 individuals (67 SZ patients, 46 BD patients and 75 healthy controls (HC)). Using a landmark-based approach on 3D facial reconstructions, we quantified global and local facial shape differences between SZ/BD patients and HC using geometric morphometrics. We also assessed correlations between facial and brain cortical measures. All analyses were performed separately by sex. Diagnosis explained 4.1 % - 5.9 % of global facial shape variance in males and females with SZ, and 4.5 % - 4.1 % in BD. Regarding local facial shape, we detected 43.2 % of significantly different distances in males and 47.4 % in females with SZ as compared to HC, whereas in BD the percentages decreased to 35.8 % and 26.8 %, respectively. We detected that brain area and volume significantly explained 2.2 % and 2 % of facial shape variance in the male SZ - HC sample. Our results support facial shape as a neurodevelopmental marker for SZ and BD and reveal sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms modulating the interplay between the brain and the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Hostalet
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- HER - Human-Environment Research Group, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubèn Gonzàlez-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Candibel Aguirre
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST). Hospital de Dia de Salut Mental de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Benito Menni CASM, Germanes Hospitalàries, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Llanos-Torres
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Sevillano
- HER - Human-Environment Research Group, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain.
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Tong Y, Lu Y, Tian Z, Yang X, Bai M. Evolutionary radiation strategy revealed in the Scarabaeidae with evidence of continuous spatiotemporal morphology and phylogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:690. [PMID: 38839937 PMCID: PMC11153540 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biology faces the important challenge of determining how to interpret the relationship between selection pressures and evolutionary radiation. The lack of morphological evidence on cross-species research adds to difficulty of this challenge. We proposed a new paradigm for evaluating the evolution of branches through changes in characters on continuous spatiotemporal scales, for better interpreting the impact of biotic/abiotic drivers on the evolutionary radiation. It reveals a causal link between morphological changes and selective pressures: consistent deformation signals for all tested characters on timeline, which provided strong support for the evolutionary hypothesis of relationship between scarabs and biotic/abiotic drivers; the evolutionary strategies under niche differentiation, which were manifested in the responsiveness degree of functional morphological characters with different selection pressure. This morphological information-driven integrative approach sheds light on the mechanism of macroevolution under different selection pressures and is applicable to more biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhehao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xingke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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27
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García-Campos C, Yacobi Izquierdo C, Modesto-Mata M, Martín-Francés L, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martinón-Torres M, Perea Perez B, Bermúdez de Castro JM, García-Martínez D. Sexual dimorphism in the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of permanent canines of European modern humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24913. [PMID: 38411322 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental anthropological investigations into sexual dimorphism have conventionally concentrated on evaluating the dimensions and configuration of the enamel cap of canines. However, the morphology of the crown dentine surface can be closely linked to that of the enamel surface. This link can facilitate examination of crown morphology even when the enamel surface is slightly worn. Here, we determine if the morphology of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) differs within (maxillary vs. mandibular) and between a sample of male (n = 26) and female (n = 21) contemporary human permanent canines from Europe. METHODS The morphological data of the EDJ were gathered employing a template comprising 96 landmarks and sliding semilandmarks. Subsequently, the data underwent analysis through form space principal component analysis following Procrustes registration, utilizing standard 3D geometric morphometric techniques. RESULTS Significant differences in the morphology of the EDJ were observed between the sexes, particularly concerning the overall shape of the crown, the symmetry of the mesial and distal edges, and the development of the distal accessory ridge. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in the morphology of the EDJ could relate in part to retention of the canine-premolar honing complex in males. Our results indicate that analyses of the permanent canine EDJ may potentially provide a novel method for estimating the sex of adult and nonadult skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia García-Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Yacobi Izquierdo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), La Rioja, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro Mixto Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana (LEH), Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bernárdo Perea Perez
- Laboratorio de Antropología Forense, Escuela de Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana (LEH), Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Wisetchat S, Stevens KA, Frost SR. Facial modeling and measurement based upon homologous topographical features. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304561. [PMID: 38820264 PMCID: PMC11142440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Measurement of human faces is fundamental to many applications from recognition to genetic phenotyping. While anthropometric landmarks provide a conventional set of homologous measurement points, digital scans are increasingly used for facial measurement, despite the difficulties in establishing their homology. We introduce an alternative basis for facial measurement, which 1) provides a richer information density than discrete point measurements, 2) derives its homology from shared facial topography (ridges, folds, etc.), and 3) quantifies local morphological variation following the conventions and practices of anatomical description. A parametric model that permits matching a broad range of facial variation by the adjustment of 71 parameters is demonstrated by modeling a sample of 80 adult human faces. The surface of the parametric model can be adjusted to match each photogrammetric surface mesh generally to within 1 mm, demonstrating a novel and efficient means for facial shape encoding. We examine how well this scheme quantifies facial shape and variation with respect to geographic ancestry and sex. We compare this analysis with a more conventional, landmark-based geometric morphometric (GMM) study with 43 landmarks placed on the same set of scans. Our multivariate statistical analysis using the 71 attribute values separates geographic ancestry groups and sexes with a high degree of reliability, and these results are broadly similar to those from GMM, but with some key differences that we discuss. This approach is compared with conventional, non-parametric methods for the quantification of facial shape, including generality, information density, and the separation of size and shape. Potential uses for phenotypic and dysmorphology studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawitree Wisetchat
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kent A. Stevens
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Frost
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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29
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Rubio AO, Dye AM, Ifill KE, Summers K. On the wings of dragons: Wing morphometric differences in the sexually dichromatic common whitetail skimmer dragonfly, Plathemis lydia (Odonata: Libellulidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303690. [PMID: 38809838 PMCID: PMC11135787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is common throughout the animal kingdom, leading to sex-specific phenotypic differences. The common whitetail skimmer dragonfly, Plathemis lydia (Drury, 1773), is sexually dichromatic, where males of this species display a conspicuous white abdomen and females display a dark brown abdomen. Differences in abdomen conspicuousness between male and female P. lydia are likely attributed to differences in selective pressure where males use their white conspicuous abdomen during male-male territorial chases. We hypothesized that male P. lydia would exhibit wing morphology adaptations to better offset the costs of predation and territoriality and that these adaptations would differ from females. We used field-collected images to quantify differences in body length, wing length, wing area, wing shape, and wing loading between male and female P. lydia. Our results show that male P. lydia have significantly shorter fore and hind wings relative to body size with a higher wing loading when compared to females. We also found that male P. lydia have narrower and pointier fore and hind wings compared to females. These results are consistent with the idea that males are adapted for faster flight, specifically higher acceleration capacity, and higher agility whereas females are adapted for higher maneuverability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O. Rubio
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Dye
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kyle E. Ifill
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
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Vujić A, Radenković S, Likov L, Tubić NK, Popov G, Gilasian E, Djan M, Milosavljević MJ, Ačanski J. Revisions of the clavipes and pruni species groups of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys 2024; 1203:1-69. [PMID: 38846747 PMCID: PMC11150873 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.118842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the avidus-nigritarsis lineage within the genus Merodon, exploring morphological, genetic, and distributional aspects of two related assemblies within this lineage: the clavipes and pruni species groups. An integrative taxonomic approach was followed to ensure comprehensive species identification and validation, using adult morphology, wing geometric morphometrics, and genetic analysis of the mtDNA COI gene. In the clavipes group, seven species were identified, including three new species: M.aenigmaticus Vujić, Radenković & Likov, sp. nov., M.latens Vujić, Radenković & Likov, sp. nov., and M.rufofemoris Vujić, Radenković & Likov, sp. nov. In the pruni group, our revision revealed a new species, M.aequalis Vujić, Radenković & Likov, sp. nov., and the revalidation of Merodonobscurus Gil Collado, 1929, stat. rev. Merodonpallidus Macquart, 1842 is redescribed. Diagnoses, identification keys to species, and distribution maps are provided, and neotypes for Syrphusclavipes Fabricius, 1781 and Merodonquadrinotatus (Sack, 1931) are designated. Additionally, the following new synonyms are proposed: M.clavipesalbus syn. nov., M.clavipesater syn. nov., M.clavipesniger syn. nov., and M.splendens syn. nov. are junior synonyms of M.clavipes; and M.veloxarmeniacus syn. nov. and M.veloxanathema syn. nov. are junior synonyms of M.velox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Vujić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Radenković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Laura Likov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Grigory Popov
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street 15, UA-01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, PO Box. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ebrahim Gilasian
- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, 19395-1454, Iran
| | - Mihajla Djan
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina Janković Milosavljević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Balolia KL, Fitzgerald PL. Male proboscis monkey cranionasal size and shape is associated with visual and acoustic signalling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10715. [PMID: 38782960 PMCID: PMC11116372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The large nose adorned by adult male proboscis monkeys is hypothesised to serve as an audiovisual signal of sexual selection. It serves as a visual signal of male quality and social status, and as an acoustic signal, through the expression of loud, low-formant nasalised calls in dense rainforests, where visibility is poor. However, it is unclear how the male proboscis monkey nasal complex, including the internal structure of the nose, plays a role in visual or acoustic signalling. Here, we use cranionasal data to assess whether large noses found in male proboscis monkeys serve visual and/or acoustic signalling functions. Our findings support a visual signalling function for male nasal enlargement through a relatively high degree of nasal aperture sexual size dimorphism, the craniofacial region to which nasal soft tissue attaches. We additionally find nasal aperture size increases beyond dental maturity among male proboscis monkeys, consistent with the visual signalling hypothesis. We show that the cranionasal region has an acoustic signalling role through pronounced nasal cavity sexual shape dimorphism, wherein male nasal cavity shape allows the expression of loud, low-formant nasalised calls. Our findings provide robust support for the male proboscis monkey nasal complex serving both visual and acoustic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Balolia
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Pippa L Fitzgerald
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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Anderson SC, Kovarovic K, Barr WA. A 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the bovid distal humerus, with special reference to Rusingoryx atopocranion (Pleistocene, Eastern Africa). J Anat 2024. [PMID: 38733157 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The family Bovidae [Mammalia: Artiodactyla] is speciose and has extant representatives on every continent, forming key components of mammal communities. For these reasons, bovids are ideal candidates for studies of ecomorphology. In particular, the morphology of the bovid humerus has been identified as highly related to functional variables such as body mass and habitat. This study investigates the functional morphology of the bovid distal humerus in isolation due to its increased likelihood of preservation in the fossil record, and the resulting opportunity for a better understanding of the ecomorphology of extinct bovids. A landmark scheme of 30 landmarks was used to capture the 3D distal humerus morphology in 111 extant bovid specimens. We find that the distal humerus has identifiable morphologies associated with body mass, habitat preference and tribe affiliation and that some characteristics are shared between high body mass bovids and those living on hard, flat terrain which is likely due to the high stress on the bone in both cases. We directly apply our findings regarding extant bovids to the extinct alcelaphine bovid, Rusingoryx atopocranion from the mid to late Pleistocene (>33-45 ka) Lake Victoria region of Kenya. This species is known for some peculiar morphologies including a domed cranium with hollow nasal crests, and having small hooves for a bovid of its size. Another interesting aspect of Rusingoryx's skeletal morphology which has not been addressed is an unusual protrusion on the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus. Despite considerable individual variation in the Rusingoryx specimens, we find evidence to support its historical assignment to the tribe Alcelaphini, and that it likely preferred open grassland habitats, which is consistent with independent reconstructions of the palaeoenvironment. We also provide the most accurate body mass estimate for Rusingoryx to date, based on distal humerus centroid size. Overall, we are able to conclude that the distal humerus in extant bovids is highly informative regarding body mass, habitat preference and tribe, and that this can be applied directly to a fossil taxon with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kris Kovarovic
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - W Andrew Barr
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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de Andrade Soares HM, Rocha IC, Paprocki H, Fernandes GW. Mining tailings alter insects: revealing fluctuating asymmetry in the caddisfly Smicridea coronata. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:531. [PMID: 38724710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The Samarco/Vale/BHP mine tailing dam breach that took place in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, in 2015, deposited high concentrations of metals and metalloids in the Rio Doce basin, severely impacting freshwater and riverine forest ecosystems. To assess developmental instability of caddisflies in response to the environmental impacts of the dam breach, we investigated the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the species Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) coronata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). FA was assessed at individual and populational scales using geometric morphometric methods in the cephalic capsule and mandibles of larvae and also on the forewings of adults, both collected under the impacted condition, and under the least disturbed condition. The levels of FA increased in response to stressors on the forewings at the populational scale, and on the mandibles, at individual scale. These morphological variations in the larval and adult stages may lead to detrimental effects and result in high mortality rates as well as lower adult fitness. Trichoptera forewings are revealed as suitable traits for assessing FA, holding potential for applications in biomonitoring programs. Directional asymmetry levels were higher than FA levels for all traits, and this correlation could be explained by a transition from fluctuating to directional asymmetry in the presence of heightened disturbance. Our results validate the relationship between the impacts from the dam breach and increased developmental instability in this species with likely cascade effects on the insect community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Maura de Andrade Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Conservação E Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Henrique Paprocki
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Nauber T, Hodač L, Wäldchen J, Mäder P. Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae045. [PMID: 38696364 PMCID: PMC11128038 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Modeling and simulating the growth of the branching of tree species remains a challenge. With existing approaches, we can reconstruct or rebuild the branching architectures of real tree species, but the simulation of the growth process remains unresolved. First, we present a tree growth model to generate branching architectures that resemble real tree species. Secondly, we use a quantitative morphometric approach to infer the shape similarity of the generated simulations and real tree species. Within a functional-structural plant model, we implement a set of biological parameters that affect the branching architecture of trees. By modifying the parameter values, we aim to generate basic shapes of spruce, pine, oak and poplar. Tree shapes are compared using geometric morphometrics of landmarks that capture crown and stem outline shapes. Five biological parameters, namely xylem flow, shedding rate, proprioception, gravitysense and lightsense, most influenced the generated tree branching patterns. Adjusting these five parameters resulted in the different tree shapes of spruce, pine, oak, and poplar. The largest effect was attributed to gravity, as phenotypic responses to this effect resulted in different growth directions of gymnosperm and angiosperm branching architectures. Since we were able to obtain branching architectures that resemble real tree species by adjusting only a few biological parameters, our model is extendable to other tree species. Furthermore, the model will also allow the simulation of structural tree-environment interactions. Our simplifying approach to shape comparison between tree species, landmark geometric morphometrics, showed that even the crown-trunk outlines capture species differences based on their contrasting branching architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Nauber
- Data-intensive Systems and Visualization Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstraße 29, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Ladislav Hodač
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, iDiv (Halle-Jena-Leipzig), Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Data-intensive Systems and Visualization Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstraße 29, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, iDiv (Halle-Jena-Leipzig), Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, Jena 07737, Germany
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35
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Yaussy SL. Using craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry to examine the effects of sex, socioeconomic status, and early life experiences on adult age at death in industrial England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24907. [PMID: 38380869 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Historical evidence from 18th- and 19th-century England suggests that industrialization's impacts on health were largely negative, especially among marginalized groups. However, available documentary evidence is often biased toward adult men and rarely sheds light on the experiences of other members of the population, such as women and children. Craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) can serve as a proxy measurement of developmental instability and stress during development. This study examines the associations among age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and FA in skeletal samples from industrial-era England. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample for this study comes from four industrial-era cemeteries from England (A.D. 1711-1857). Geometric morphometric analyses of three-dimensional landmark coordinate data were used to generate a measure of FA for each individual (Mahalanobis distance). A three-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the impacts of sex, SES, and FA scores on adult age at death (n = 168). RESULTS Significant associations existed between age at death and SES (p = 0.004) and FA scores (p = 0.094). Comparisons of the estimated means indicated that age at death was consistently higher among high SES individuals and individuals with FA scores less than one standard deviation from the mean. CONCLUSIONS This study supports findings from previous studies that have suggested that the differences in resource access and environmental buffering generated by socioeconomic inequality can impact longevity and patterns of mortality among socioeconomic status groups. Likewise, stress in early life-evinced by craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry-can influence observed patterns of longevity in adults decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Yaussy
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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36
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Manuta N, Duro S, Szara T, Jashari T, Demircioğlu İ, Avanus K, Büyükünal SK. Skull asymmetry in various sheep breeds: Directional asymmetry and fluctuating asymmetry. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13047. [PMID: 38702894 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Sheep (Ovis aries) play an important role in the economy of Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula due to their use in farming. As a domesticated species, sheep's morphometric and morphological diversity is likely determined by selective breeding practices rather than geographic distribution. This study aimed to analyse four different sheep breed skulls and reveal skull asymmetry using geometric morphometric methods. For this purpose, 2D images of 52 sheep skulls from different breeds were analysed from the dorsal view of the skull, using 28 landmarks. In the comparison of sheep skulls from the dorsal view, the first principal components for directional asymmetry (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were 32.98% and 39.62% of the total variation, respectively. Sharri and Ivesi (Awassi) sheep breeds had the broadest distribution of skull shapes among the breeds, while Lara e Polisit was the most conservative breed. DA was used as a measure of biomechanical constraints, and FA was used as an indicator of environmental stress. Consistent with DA, both differences in centroid size and shape between breeds were statistically significant. No differences between males and females related to asymmetry were revealed. Ivesi sheep revealed the highest fluctuating asymmetry. Geometric morphometric methods proved to be a useful tool for distinguishing differences in the shape of the skull of different sheep breeds and also can be useful for taxonomic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Manuta
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sokol Duro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomasz Szara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tefik Jashari
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Kozet Avanus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Kemal Büyükünal
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Holmes MA, Terhune CE, Chalk-Wilayto J, Yoakum CB, Taylor P, Ramirez R, Solís MP, Polvadore TA, Ross CF, Taylor AB, Fogaca MD, Laird MF. Ontogenetic changes in jaw leverage and skull shape in tufted and untufted capuchins. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21705. [PMID: 38704727 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The ontogeny of feeding is characterized by shifting functional demands concurrent with changes in craniofacial anatomy; relationships between these factors will look different in primates with disparate feeding behaviors during development. This study examines the ontogeny of skull morphology and jaw leverage in tufted (Sapajus) and untufted (Cebus) capuchin monkeys. Unlike Cebus, Sapajus have a mechanically challenging diet and behavioral observations of juvenile Sapajus suggest these foods are exploited early in development. Landmarks were placed on three-dimensional surface models of an ontogenetic series of Sapajus and Cebus skulls (n = 53) and used to generate shape data and jaw-leverage estimates across the tooth row for three jaw-closing muscles (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid) as well as a weighted combined estimate. Using geometric morphometric methods, we found that skull shape diverges early and shape is significantly different between Sapajus and Cebus throughout ontogeny. Additionally, jaw leverage varies with age and position on the tooth row and is greater in Sapajus compared to Cebus when calculated at the permanent dentition. We used two-block partial least squares analyses to identify covariance between skull shape and each of our jaw muscle leverage estimates. Sapajus, but not Cebus, has significant covariance between all leverage estimates at the anterior dentition. Our findings show that Sapajus and Cebus exhibit distinct craniofacial morphologies early in ontogeny and strong covariance between leverage estimates and craniofacial shape in Sapajus. These results are consistent with prior behavioral and comparative work suggesting these differences are a function of selection for exploiting mechanically challenging foods in Sapajus, and further emphasize that these differences appear quite early in ontogeny. This research builds on prior work that has highlighted the importance of understanding ontogeny for interpreting adult morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Holmes
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Terhune
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janine Chalk-Wilayto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Caitlin B Yoakum
- Department of Anatomy, Arkansas College of Health Education, Fort Smith, Arkansas, USA
| | - Parker Taylor
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rocio Ramirez
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan P Solís
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Taylor A Polvadore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Callum F Ross
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea B Taylor
- Department of Foundational Biomedical Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, USA
| | | | - Myra F Laird
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Chaiphongpachara T. Population genetic structure and wing geometric morphometrics of the filarial vector Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107171. [PMID: 38447704 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito species of significant medical and veterinary importance. It is widely distributed across Southeast and East Asia and is commonly found throughout Thailand. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of Ar. subalbatus in Thailand using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Additionally, wing shape variations among these populations were examined using geometric morphometrics (GM). Our results demonstrated that the overall haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.634, and the nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.0019. Significant negative values in neutrality tests (p < 0.05) indicate that the Ar. subalbatus populations in Thailand are undergoing a phase of expansion following a bottleneck event. The mismatch distribution test suggests that the populations may have started expanding approximately 16,678 years ago. Pairwise genetic differentiation among the 12 populations based on Fst revealed significant differences in 32 pairs (p < 0.05), with the degree of differentiation ranging from 0.000 to 0.419. The GM analysis of wing shape also indicated significant differences in nearly all pairs (p < 0.05), except for between populations from Nakhon Pathom and Samut Songkhram, and between those from Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son, suggesting no significant difference due to their similar environmental settings. These findings enhance our understanding of the population structure and phenotypic adaptations of mosquito vectors, providing vital insights for the formulation of more efficacious vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand.
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Ağaç DK, Onuk B, Gündemir O, Kabak M, Manuta N, Çakar B, Janeczek M, Crampton DA, Szara T. Comparative Cranial Geometric Morphometrics among Wistar Albino, Sprague Dawley, and WAG/Rij Rat Strains. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1274. [PMID: 38731278 PMCID: PMC11083316 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This research utilizes geometric morphometrics to investigate shape variation in the skull, mandible, and teeth among three rat strains: Wistar Albino (WA), Sprague Dawley (SD), and WAG/Rij (WR). Through the analysis of 48 rats using 2D geometric morphometric techniques, significant differences in their skull morphology were identified. This study indicates a shift from a rectangular to an oval cranial shape across strains, with notable size and morphological variances. Particularly, the WR strain's skull shape significantly differs from the SD and WA strains, suggesting distinct ecological or genetic pathways. Compared to the skull, mandible shape differences are less pronounced, but still significant. The WR strain exhibits a distinct mandible shape, potentially reflecting ecological adaptations like dietary habits. The teeth shape of WR rats is the most distinct. SD rats consistently exhibited larger sizes in both skull and mandible measurements, while WR rats were notably smaller. Interestingly, sexual dimorphism was not statistically significant in skull and teeth sizes, aligning with findings from previous studies. However, the mandible showed clear size differences between sexes, underscoring its potential for adaptive or behavioral studies. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of morphological variations in rat strains, highlighting the intricate interplay of size, shape, and ecological factors. These findings lay a foundation for deeper explorations into the adaptive, ecological, or genetic narratives influencing rat morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Küçük Ağaç
- Department of Veterinary, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, 29700 Gümüşhane, Türkiye;
| | - Burcu Onuk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55270 Samsun, Türkiye; (B.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Kabak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55270 Samsun, Türkiye; (B.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Nicoleta Manuta
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye; (N.M.); (B.Ç.)
| | - Buket Çakar
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye; (N.M.); (B.Ç.)
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Denise Amber Crampton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Tomasz Szara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Laojun S, Sontigun N, Chaiphongpachara T. Influence of insular conditions on wing phenotypic variation in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae), in the border archipelagos of Thailand. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38641881 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Insects geographically separated into island and mainland populations often exhibit phenotypic variations, a phenomenon known as insular conditions. These conditions can lead to rapid evolutionary changes that affect the morphological characteristics of mosquito vectors. Nevertheless, studies that specifically examine phenotype differences between island and mainland mosquito populations have been limited. In this study, wing variation in size and shape was investigated using the geometric morphometric (GM) technique in two dominant mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus, in the Ranong and Trat archipelagos of Thailand. Significant differences in average wing centroid size (CS) were found in 6 out of 15 population pairs for Ae. albopictus (p < 0.05) and in 5 population pairs for Ar. subalbatus (p < 0.05). After removing the allometric effect, canonical variate analyses (CVA) based on wing shape analysis revealed overlap across all populations for both Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus. However, the statistical analysis indicated that Ar. subalbatus exhibited wing shape differences across all populations (p < 0.05), and most Ae. albopictus populations also displayed distinct wing shapes (p < 0.05), except for the populations from Chang Island and the mainland of Ranong, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). These findings enhance our understanding of mosquito adaptability in island regions and provide valuable data for the surveillance and monitoring of vector evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
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Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Abdulloh A, Chaiphongpachara T. Geometric morphometrics to differentiate species and explore seasonal variation in three Mansonia species (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Thailand and their association with meteorological factors. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38608184 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mansonia mosquito species are recognised as a significant vector of human pathogens, primarily transmitting the filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. In central Thailand, the three most prevalent Mansonia species are Mansonia annulifera, Mansonia indiana and Mansonia uniformis. This study explored the influence of seasonal changes on the phenotypic variation of these Mansonia species in central Thailand using the geometric morphometrics (GM). To ensure accurate species identification, we integrated GM techniques with DNA barcoding, examining distinctions in both phenotype and genotype among the species. The intraspecific genetic divergence ranged from 0.00% to 1.69%, whereas the interspecific genetic divergence ranged from 10.52% to 16.36%. The clear distinction between intra- and interspecific distances demonstrated the presence of a barcoding gap, confirming the successful differentiation of the three Mansonia mosquito species through DNA barcoding. Similarly, the interspecies GM assessment for classifying Mansonia species demonstrated a high degree of accuracy, with an overall performance of 98.12%. Exploring seasonal variation in the three Mansonia species revealed wing variations across different seasons, and pronounced variations appearing in the cool season. Regarding their association with meteorological factors, Ma. annulifera and Ma. uniformis showed significant positive correlations with temperature (p < 0.05), and Ma. uniformis also displayed a significant negative correlation with atmospheric pressure (p < 0.05). The insights from this study will deepen our understanding of the adaptive patterns of Mansonia mosquitoes in Thailand's central region, paving the way for enhanced disease surveillance related to these vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Arina Abdulloh
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
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Chalazoniti A, Lattanzi W, Halazonetis DJ. Shape variation and sex differences of the adult human mandible evaluated by geometric morphometrics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8546. [PMID: 38609399 PMCID: PMC11014969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In cases of osseous defects, knowledge of the anatomy, and its age and sex-related variations, is essential for reconstruction of normal morphology. Here, we aimed at creating a 3D atlas of the human mandible in an adult sample using dense landmarking and geometric morphometrics. We segmented 50 male and 50 female mandibular surfaces from CBCT images (age range: 18.9-73.7 years). Nine fixed landmarks and 510 sliding semilandmarks were digitized on the mandibular surface, and then slid by minimizing bending energy against the average shape. Principal component analysis extracted the main patterns of shape variation. Sexes were compared with permutation tests and allometry was assessed by regressing on the log of the centroid size. Almost 49 percent of shape variation was described by the first three principal components. Shape variation was related to width, height and length proportions, variation of the angle between ramus and corpus, height of the coronoid process and inclination of the symphysis. Significant sex differences were detected, both in size and shape. Males were larger than females, had a higher ramus, more pronounced gonial angle, larger inter-gonial width, and more distinct antegonial notch. Accuracy of sexing based on the first two principal components in form space was 91 percent. The degree of edentulism was weakly related to mandibular shape. Age effects were not significant. The resulting atlas provides a dense description of mandibular form that can be used clinically as a guide for planning surgical reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Chalazoniti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios J Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Tavitian A, Somech J, Chamlian B, Liberman A, Galindez C, Schipper HM. Craniofacial anomalies in schizophrenia-relevant GFAP.HMOX1 0-12m mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38606671 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Subtle craniofacial dysmorphology has been reported in schizophrenia patients. This dysmorphology includes midline facial elongation, frontonasal anomalies and a sexually dimorphic deviation from normal directional asymmetry of the face, with male patients showing reduced and female patients showing enhanced facial asymmetry relative to healthy control subjects. GFAP.HMOX10-12m transgenic mice (Mus musculus) that overexpress heme oxygenase-1 in astrocytes recapitulate many schizophrenia-relevant neurochemical, neuropathological and behavioral features. As morphogenesis of the brain, skull and face are highly interrelated, we hypothesized that GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice may exhibit craniofacial anomalies similar to those reported in persons with schizophrenia. We examined craniofacial anatomy in male GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice and wild-type control mice at the early adulthood age of 6-8 months. We used computer vision techniques for the extraction and analysis of mouse head shape parameters from systematically acquired 2D digital images, and confirmed our results with landmark-based geometric morphometrics. We performed skull bone morphometry using digital calipers to take linear distance measurements between known landmarks. Relative to controls, adult male GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice manifested craniofacial dysmorphology including elongation of the nasal bones, alteration of head shape anisotropy and reduction of directional asymmetry in facial shape features. These findings demonstrate that GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice exhibit craniofacial anomalies resembling those described in schizophrenia patients, implicating heme oxygenase-1 in their development. As a preclinical mouse model, GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice provide a novel opportunity for the study of the etiopathogenesis of craniofacial and other anomalies in schizophrenia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Tavitian
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Somech
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Badrouyk Chamlian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adrienne Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmela Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Landaeta MF, Pareja M, Hüne M, Zenteno-Devaud L, Vera-Duarte J, Bernal-Durán V, Castillo MI, La Mesa M. Morphology and diet are decoupled in nearshore notothenoids from King George Island, West Antarctica. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:957-968. [PMID: 38032136 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic notothenioid fishes show wide adaptive morphological radiation, linked to habitat preferences and food composition. However, direct comparisons of phenotypic variability and feeding habits are still lacking, particularly in stages inhabiting nearshore areas. To assess these relationships, we collected juveniles and adults of the most common benthic species inhabiting shallow waters off the South Shetland Islands within a similar size range, the plunderfish Harpagifer antarcticus, the black rockcod Notothenia coriiceps, and the marbled rockcod Notothenia rossii. Individual size ranges varied from 44.0 to 98.9 mm standard length (LS) (H. antarcticus), from 95.8 to 109.3 mm LS (N. coriiceps), and from 63.0 to 113.0 mm LS (N. rossii). Notothenioid fish showed different morphospace variability, being larger for H. antarcticus than the other Notothenia species and associated with the position of the posterior end of the operculum, along with the location and relative size of the eye. The evolutionary allometry was low, but the static allometry was much higher, especially for H. antarcticus and N. rossii. The diet was mainly carnivorous, consisting of amphipods and euphausiids. Macroalgae were scarce or totally absent in the gut contents of all species. Only H. antarcticus showed an increase in the prey number and ingested prey volume with fish size. Finally, there was a significant covariation between shape changes and LS in all species (allometric effects), however, not with prey composition, probably due to the small size range or ontogenetic stage and the relative similarity (or lack of contrast) in the benthic environment that they utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio F Landaeta
- Laboratorio de Ictiología e Interacciones Biofísicas (LABITI), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTA-R), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME), Las Cruces, Chile
| | - Matías Pareja
- Laboratorio de Ictiología e Interacciones Biofísicas (LABITI), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas Australes (ICEA), Punta Arenas, Chile
- Rewilding Chile, Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Lisette Zenteno-Devaud
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario Fuego-Patagonia y Antártica, Avenida España 184, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Javier Vera-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Ictiología e Interacciones Biofísicas (LABITI), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Bernal-Durán
- Laboratorio de Ictiología e Interacciones Biofísicas (LABITI), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel I Castillo
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTA-R), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Física y Satelital (LOFISAT), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mario La Mesa
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP), c/o Area di Ricerca di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Soares GB, Adriano EA, Domingues MV, Rodríguez-González A, Balbuena JA. Evolutionary morphology of haptoral anchors in monogenoids (Dactylogyridae) of marine catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the Atlantic coast of South America. Parasitology 2024; 151:390-399. [PMID: 38389483 PMCID: PMC11044069 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the phylogenetic signal of morphological traits using geometric morphometry represents a powerful approach to assess the relative weights of convergence and shared evolutionary history in shaping species' forms. We evaluated the phylogenetic signal in shape and size of ventral and dorsal haptoral anchors of 10 species of monogenoids (Hamatopeduncularia, Chauhanellus and Susanlimocotyle) occurring in marine catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the Atlantic coast of South America. The phylogenetic relationships among these species were mapped onto the morphospaces of shape and size of dorsal and ventral anchors. Two different tests (squared change-parsimony and Kmult) were applied to establish whether the spatial positions in the phylomorphospace were influenced by phylogenetic relationships. A significant phylogenetic signal was found between anchor form and parasite phylogeny. Allometric effects on anchor shape were non-significant. Phylogenetically distant species on the same host differed markedly in anchor morphology, suggesting little influence of host species on anchor form. A significantly higher level of shape variation among ventral anchors was also found, suggesting that the evolutionary forces shaping ventral anchor morphology may operate with differing intensities or exhibit distinct mechanisms compared to their dorsal counterparts. Our results suggest that phylogenetic relationships were a key driver of changes in shape (but not size) of anchors of monogenoids of South American ariids. However, it seems that the emergence of the digitiform haptor in Hamatopenducularia and in some species of Chauhanellus played an important role in the reduction in anchor size and may cause secondary losses of anchors in other groups of monogenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geusivam Barbosa Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Aparecido Adriano
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Abril Rodríguez-González
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Helmintología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Antonio Balbuena
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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de la Paz Pollicelli M, Márquez F, Idaszkin YL. Towards a comprehensive understanding of zinc tolerance in Limonium brasiliense as a useful tool for environmental remediation and monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25299-25311. [PMID: 38468000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem worldwide, creating the necessity to find eco-friendly strategies for monitoring and remediating environments. This study aimed to evaluate morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses as indicative of Zn tolerance in Limonium brasiliense and to determine the ability of this halophyte to accumulate different concentrations of Zn (0, 100, and 200 μM) in hydroponic conditions. The leaf shape at high Zn concentration showed enlarged petioles and lanceolate blades, whereas the leaf size was reduced. Water content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and pigment content decreased with Zn addition. Of the antioxidant activities, only APx increased 75% compared to the control by Zn stress. Zn concentration was higher in aerial structures than in roots (BAC> 1 and TF> 1), suggesting that L. brasiliense could function as an accumulator of Zn. Its great ability to resist metal stress and its strong capacity to protect itself against high Zn concentration postulate it as a good phytoremediation of environments enriched with Zn. The study emphasizes using leaf morphology as an early biomonitoring tool for detecting Zn pollution, providing more evidence of their potential use as a biomarker for evaluating and assessing ecosystem health in biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Paz Pollicelli
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Federico Márquez
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Yanina L Idaszkin
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
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Mejia E, Reis RE. Molecular and morphometric data provide evidence of intraspecific variation in shape and pigmentation pattern in Otocinclus cocama (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) across major river drainages. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1042-1053. [PMID: 38149310 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Otocinclus cocama, a uniquely colored species of the loricariid catfish genus Otocinclus described solely from the type locality in the lower Ucayali River in northern Peru, is reported occurring in the Tigre River, a tributary to the Marañón River that drains a different section of the Andean Mountain range in the western Amazon. Both populations differ in the number of dark bars spanning the flanks of the body, and we investigated whether these morphotypes constitute distinct species. The body shapes of populations from the Tigre and Ucayali rivers were compared using geometric morphometrics. Although principal component analysis detected a broad overlap between populations, multivariate analysis of variance and linear driscriminat analysis revealed a subtle differentiation between the populations of the two hydrographic basins. Average body shape of the Ucayali River population tend to be slightly higher than that of the Tigre River, with the caudal peduncle stretched vertically in the Ucayali population. Multivariate regression of shape and centroid size revealed an allometric effect of 10.7% (p < 0.001), suggesting that the variation between Tigre and Ucayali populations was purely shape variation. Molecular data of coI, cytb, nd2, and 16S mitochondrial genes indicated a nucleotide diversity range from 0.001 to 0.003, and haplotypic diversity range from 0.600 ± 0.11 to 0.79 ± 0.07. The median-joining haplotype network for the concatenated matrix exhibited two divergent haplogroups related to the geographic area and separated by <10 mutational steps. The molecular species delimitation methods based on distance (automatic barcode gap discovery and assemble species by automatic partitioning) recovered two molecular lineages evolving independently, being one of the lineages formed by individuals from both populations. Tree-based methods (generalized mixed Yule coalescent and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree process) recovered similar topologies and supported single lineage recognition. Methods of molecular delimitation of species disclosed the high similarity between the two populations of Otocinclus cocama, further supported by the presence of old haplotypes common to both groups which could indicate that the populations still maintain gene flow. Although the morphological data reveal a subtle variation between both river basins, the molecular data suggest a weak population structuration based on hydrographic areas, but not different species lineages, therefore Otocinclus cocama is composed of a single lineage with two distinct morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mejia
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto E Reis
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Systematics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Merchant HN, Portugal SJ, Bennett NC, Janse van Vuuren AK, Faulkes CG, Bowen J, Hart DW. New insights into morphological adaptation in common mole-rats ( Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) along an aridity gradient. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11301. [PMID: 38651162 PMCID: PMC11033624 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphological adaptation is the change in the form of an organism that benefits the individual in its current habitat. Mole-rats (family Bathyergidae), despite being subterranean, are impacted by both local and broad-scale environmental conditions that occur above ground. Common mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus) present an ideal mammalian model system for the study of morphological variation in response to ecology, as this species is found along an aridity gradient and thus can be sampled from geographically non-overlapping populations of the same species along an environmental longitudinal cline. Using the mass of five internal organs, ten skeletal measurements and 3D morphometric analyses of skulls, we assessed the morphology of wild non-breeding individuals from five common mole-rat populations in South Africa. We found that the body mass and mean relative mass of the spleen and kidneys in arid populations was larger, and individuals from arid regions possessed shorter legs and larger inter-shoulder widths compared to individuals from mesic regions. Additionally, arid populations demonstrated greater skull depth, and shape change of features such as angular processes of the lower jaw than mesic individuals, indicating that these distinct geographic populations show differences corresponding to the aridity gradient, potentially in response to environmental factors such as the variation in food sources found between different habitats, in addition to different soil compositions found in the different regions. Arid populations potentially require a stronger jaw and neck musculature associated with mastication to chew xeric-adapted plants and to dig through hard soil types, whereas mesic populations excavate through soft, looser soil and may make use of their front limbs to aid the movement of soils when digging. Aridity influences the morphology of this species and could indicate the impact of environmental changes on speciation and mammalian skull morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana N. Merchant
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham, SurreyUK
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham, SurreyUK
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | | | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - James Bowen
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and MathematicsOpen UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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Marković M, Vidaković V, Popović Z. A Geometric Morphometrics Approach to the Study of Natural Variations and Hybrid Detection in Populations of Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Alnus rohlenae Vít, Douda and Mandák. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:993. [PMID: 38611522 PMCID: PMC11013130 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM) was used to examine, for the first time, spontaneous hybridization between Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Alnus rohlenae Vít, Douda and Mandák, and to assess inter- and intrapopulation variability in leaf shape, leaf size and venation in natural populations in Serbia (Western Balkans). Two geographically distant (30 km) and two close (1.2 km) populations were selected to examine hybridization. The variability in leaf shapes was assessed by canonical variate analysis and linear discriminant analysis performed on the symmetric component of variation. Covariation between the symmetric component of shape variation and the number of pairs of secondary leaf veins was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Static allometry was examined for the first time in the genus Alnus Mill. A higher proportion of A. incana leaves was classified as A. rohlenae in geographically close populations, which is in accordance with the hypothesis about spontaneous hybridization. No single leaf of A. rohlenae was classified as A. incana, indicating that putative hybrids can only be found in grey alder populations. This study demonstrates that GM is a powerful tool for species delimitation and hybrid detection in the genus Alnus and it can be used for preliminary screening in hybrid zones.
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Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Chaiphongpachara T. Insights into the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mt-COI) gene and wing morphometrics of Anopheles baimaii (Diptera: Culicidae) in malaria-endemic islands of Thailand. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:171. [PMID: 38530429 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Anopheles baimaii (Diptera: Culicidae) significantly contributes to the transmission of parasites causing malaria in Southeast Asia and South Asia. This study examined the morphological (wing shape) and molecular (mitochondrial gene) variations of An. baimaii in four of Thailand's border islands, and also investigated the presence of Plasmodium parasites in these mosquitoes. No Plasmodium infections were detected in the samples. Significant differences in wing shape were observed in most island populations (p < 0.05). A single-linkage tree, constructed using Mahalanobis distances, clustered the populations into two groups based on geographical locations. Genetic variation in An. baimaii was also analyzed through cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. This analysis identified 22 segregating sites and a low nucleotide diversity of 0.004. Furthermore, 18 distinct haplotypes were identified, indicating a high haplotype diversity of 0.825. Neutrality tests for the overall population revealed a significantly negative Fu's Fs value (-5.029), indicating a population expansion. In contrast, Tajima's D yielded a negative value (-1.028) that did not reach statistical significance. The mismatch distribution analysis exhibited a bimodal pattern, and the raggedness index was 0.068, showing no significant discrepancy (p = 0.485) between observed and expected distributions. Pairwise genetic differentiation assessments demonstrated significant differences between all populations (p < 0.05). These findings provide valuable insights into the COI gene and wing morphometric variations in An. baimaii across Thailand's islands, offering critical information for understanding the adaptations of this malaria vector and guiding future comprehensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, 75000, Thailand.
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