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Prvulović N, Djordjević M, Pantelić S. Gender differences and climate zones in overweight and obesity prevalence in European elementary school children from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1198877. [PMID: 37808999 PMCID: PMC10558048 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After 2000, there are more obese than underweight people in the world. We face a rapid increase in average global warming of 1.5°C, reported as a syndemic problem of three interconnected epidemics: obesity, global warming, and undernutrition. We aimed to analyze the impact and association between global warming and obesity in children and differences by gender across Europe after 2000. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. The considered population were children aged 6-14. Only cross-sectional studies that defined obesity by the IOTF cutoffs and the subjects' place of residence, used to determine precise climate zones, were included. We assessed the prevalence of obesity and overweight using a random-effects and the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method when heterogeneity was greater/lower than 50%. We did a subgroup analysis for prevalence across gender, obesity, and overweight, two decades, regions, countries, and the Köppen-Geiger climate zones. Random effects of the meta-regression were used to study the global warming impact and differences in trends across European countries by gender for both conditions separately. Results We identified 114 studies that included 985,971 children from 39 European countries. A significant difference between genders was in favor of obese girls 4.78 (95% CI: 3.85-5.93) versus boys 5.76% (95% CI: 5.11-6.48, p = 0.03), respectively, but not for overweight children. Most of the obese girls were in South Europe 7.51% (95% CI: 6.61-8.51) versus East Europe 2.86% (95% CI: 23-3.12), versus boys in South Europe 8.66% (95% CI: 7.68-9.74) and North Europe 3.49% (95% CI: 2.90-4.19), respectively. The "cold" Köppen-Geiger climate zone, with lowest temperatures, has the largest trend rise between two decades of 2.8% and 1.53% for obese girls and boys, and 5.31% and 1.81% for overweight girls and boys, respectively, followed by the smallest number of obese girls 3.28% (95% CI: 2.17-4.92) and boys 3.58% (95% CI: 2.39-5.33), versus the zone with the highest temperatures "hot" for girls 7.02% (95% CI: 6.30-7.82) and for boys 8.23% (95% CI: 7.55-8.96), respectively. The meta-regression proved global warming has a significant impact on the distribution of obesity and overweight across climate zones, R2 = 0.52 and R2 = 0.22. No significant gender differences, or significant interaction, was noted. Conclusion Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the association between and impact of global warming on obesity. This impact increases obesity among children in Europe throughout all climate zones, and emphasizes an urgent call for further preventive methods in schools, since obesity differences continue their trend of disappearing into the future.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021282127, identifier: CRD42021282127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Prvulović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Saša Pantelić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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2
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Belfrage E, Soeria-Atmadja S, Navér L. Growth, weight gain and BMI in virally suppressed children on antiretroviral therapy with specific reference to dolutegravir. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:339. [PMID: 37403042 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric HIV infection cause retardation in height and weight. However, effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) result in desirable weight gain. Concerns have emerged regarding excessive weight gain related to the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir in adults but knowledge about the circumstances in children/adolescents is limited. We studied if dolutegravir containing ART or switch to dolutegravir affected body mass index (BMI) and described height development in the Stockholm pediatric/adolescent HIV cohort. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of height, weight and BMI in relation to ART in 94 children/adolescents living with HIV. RESULTS At last documented visit 60/94 children/adolescents were on dolutegravir, 50 had switched from a protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Height standard deviation score (SDS) increased between first and last visit from mean height SDS -0.88 (16 had SDS < -2 and 6 SDS < -3) to -0.32 (four had SDS < -2). Mean BMI SDS increased from -0.15 to 0.62 in girls, but not (-0.20 to 0.09) in boys. The number of girls ≥ 12 years with BMI SDS ≥ 2 increased significantly from 0/38 to 8/38 and totally 9/50 (18%) girls and 4/44 (9%) boys had BMI SDS ≥ 2 at last visit. There was no difference in height or weight gain between different ART regimens. BMI SDS remained stable in 22/50 children switching to dolutegravir, decreased in 13 and increased in 15. CONCLUSION Adolescent girls gained weight to a greater extent than expected but independently of ART. We found no association between dolutegravir alone or combined with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and excessive weight gain. Height development was within normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Belfrage
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14186, K76-78, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Soeria-Atmadja
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14186, K76-78, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Navér
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14186, K76-78, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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El-shaheed AA, Moustafa RS, Sallam SF, Fahmy RF. The Influence of Parent’s Education, Birth order and Number of Siblings on Adolescents’ BMI.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2879484/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents show high prevalence specially in developing countries. Although birth order and sib size have been mathematically coupled and in spite of their respective effect on both overweight and obesity, they have not been estimated before separately. Moreover, the educational achievement of parents might have impact on their children’s nutritional status. Objective This study aims to assess how birth order and number of siblings affect adolescent obesity risk and to examine the impact of parent’s education on adolescent obesity, the results will indicate which family members may be prioritized for inclusion in adolescent obesity prevention programs. Methodology A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on individuals aged 10 to 18 years old, including sex, age, birth weight, birth order, number of siblings, lifestyle, and parents' educational level by a self-administered questionnaire completed by an adult member of the family, while measurements of subjects’ height and weight were done in the clinic of nutrition and immunity. The CDC's BMI cut-off points were used to classify the subjects as normal (5–84th percentile) and obese (≥ 95th percentile). Results Distribution of the number of siblings was different in both groups as regards BMI but statistically insignificant, we found no statistically significant difference on correlating birth order and number of siblings. Conclusion Adolescent’s BMI were driven by neither the sibling was (younger or older) nor number of their siblings. There was no significant association between parental education and the development of obesity.
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Martins C, Severo M, Silva D, Barros H, Moreira A. Development and validation of predictive equations for spirometry in Portuguese children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100084. [PMID: 37780790 PMCID: PMC10509892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background There are no data on lung function reference values for Portuguese children, and the contribution from the Portuguese data set in the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) is scant. Objectives We aimed to estimate new up-to-date reference values for Portuguese children by fitting a multivariable regression model to a general population sample. Further, we intended to assess the external validity of the obtained reference values and to compare them to the GLI reference values. Methods A random sample of 858 children from 20 primary schools were screened by health questionnaire, physical examination, and spirometry. Spirometric parameters recorded were FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75. Multiple regression models were used to derive reference equations. Results Overall, 481 children, aged between 7 and 12 years, 267 boys (55.5%), were included. Boys had higher values for FVC and FEV1 than girls (P < .05). The strongest correlation was found for FVC with height (r = 0.71 for boys and 0.70 for girls), while the lowest correlation was observed in both sexes for FEF25-75 with age (r = 0.23). Height was the most significant predictor of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 in our models. Weight and body mass index were not significant predictors for boys but had a significant effect on girls' equations for all spirometry parameters. Compared to obtained reference equations with GLI, they performed better for FVC in boys, FEV1 in girls, and FEF25-75 in both boys and girls. Conclusion We offer up-to-date reference values of spirometry for Portuguese children that can be used in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- Department of Immunoallergology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, University of Porto, Porto
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto
| | - Diana Silva
- Department of Immunoallergology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, University of Porto, Porto
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto
- Predictive Medicine and Public Health Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto
| | - Andre Moreira
- Department of Immunoallergology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, University of Porto, Porto
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto
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Castell AL, Goubault C, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Tremblay C, Baltz M, Dal Soglio D, Ghislain J, Poitout V. β Cell mass expansion during puberty involves serotonin signaling and determines glucose homeostasis in adulthood. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160854. [PMID: 36107617 PMCID: PMC9675460 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is associated with transient insulin resistance that normally recedes at the end of puberty; however, in overweight children, insulin resistance persists, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms whereby pancreatic β cells adapt to pubertal insulin resistance, and how they are affected by the metabolic status, have not been investigated. Here, we show that puberty is associated with a transient increase in β cell proliferation in rats and humans of both sexes. In rats, β cell proliferation correlated with a rise in growth hormone (GH) levels. Serum from pubertal rats and humans promoted β cell proliferation, suggesting the implication of a circulating factor. In pubertal rat islets, expression of genes of the GH/serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) pathway underwent changes consistent with a proliferative effect. Inhibition of the pro-proliferative 5-HT receptor isoform HTR2B blocked the increase in β cell proliferation in pubertal islets ex vivo and in vivo. Peripubertal metabolic stress blunted β cell proliferation during puberty and led to altered glucose homeostasis later in life. This study identifies a role of GH/GH receptor/5-HT/HTR2B signaling in the control of β cell mass expansion during puberty and identifies a mechanistic link between pubertal obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Castell
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Clara Goubault
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Baltz
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine and
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Vanhelst J, Deken V, Boulic G, Duhamel A, Romon M. A feasible and reliable self-administered parental assessment of children’s lifestyle (SAPLACL): an ancillary study based on the VIF program. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:179. [PMID: 35570308 PMCID: PMC9107754 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In children, achieving an acceptable degree of accuracy from dietary or physical activity (PA) assessments remains a challenge. Children tend to overestimate their time spent in daily PA and underestimate their dietary intake of fat and sugar. Because parents play a key role in family lifestyle decisions, including children’s food choices and PA levels, it is important to investigate the responses of parents regarding their children’s lifestyle habits. We aimed to develop a Self-Administered Parental Assessment of Children’s Lifestyle (SAPLACL) questionnaire and test its feasibility and reliability in 191 parents (29 fathers and 162 mothers). Results For each part of the questionnaire, the rate of missing or improper responses ranged from 0 to 24%. The highest proportion of problems in understanding was reported for the dietary intake dimension, especially for snacking in front of the TV. Some difficulty was also found regarding the question on leisure PA. Test–retest agreement was observed in 54.7–100% of the respondents. Overall, the kappa coefficients were favorable. Thus, the parent self-report questionnaire is a valid and accurate tool for analyzing children’s lifestyle habits in France.
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7
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Bravo-Saquicela DM, Sabag A, Rezende LFM, Rey-Lopez JP. Has the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain Plateaued? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5240. [PMID: 35564634 PMCID: PMC9105543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of excess body weight (overweight plus obesity) in children has risen during the last decades in many countries, but it is unclear whether it has reached a plateau in Spanish children. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis for the prevalence of excess body weight in children from Spain, comparing the trends between 1999 and 2010 and 2011 and 2021. Data were reported in a prior meta-analysis, plus an updated search using the Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases for data from January 2018 until December 2021. Thirteen representative studies were identified (34,813 children aged 2 to 13 years), with sample sizes averaging 2678 (range: 396-16,665). The prevalence of excess body weight in Spanish children aged 2 to 6 years increased from 23.3% (95% CI, 18.5% to 25.5%) during the period 1999-2010 to 39.9% (95% CI, 35.4% to 44.7%) during 2011-2021. In children aged 7 to 13 years, the prevalence of excess body weight increased from 32.3% (95% CI, 29.1-35.6%) during the period 1999-2010 to 35.3% (95% CI, 32.9-37.7%) during 2011-2021. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain has substantially increased in the last decade. New food policies to address the childhood obesity epidemic are urgently required to reverse current trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Bravo-Saquicela
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), Manta 130217, Ecuador;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Leandro F. M. Rezende
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-900, Brazil;
| | - Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Taş Ö, Kontbay T, Dogan O, Kose E, Berberoglu M, Siklar Z, Tumer L, Eminoglu FT. Does Metformin Treatment in Pediatric Population Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency? KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2022; 234:221-227. [PMID: 35114702 DOI: 10.1055/a-1702-2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM There have been no studies to date examining the effect of metformin treatment on vitamin B12 status in children and adolescents. In this prospective study, the effects of metformin on blood vitamin B12, serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocysteine and holo-transcobalamin-II (holo-TC-II) levels were assessed in pediatric age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted at the Pediatric Endocrinology and Adolescent Department between January 2017 and March 2019. Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed patients with insulin resistance and/or impaired glucose tolerance, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with metformin were enrolled in study. Blood vitamin B12, MMA, homocysteine, holo-TC-II levels and hemogram values were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled in study. Among these, 15 (62.5%) were female. The mean age of patients was 13.7±2.3 (10-19) years. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 8 patients were type 2 DM. At 6-month follow-up of all patients, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of vitamin B12, homocysteine, MMA and holo-TC-II levels. A 0.6% decline in vitamin B12 levels were revealed. At 12-month follow-up of 11 patients (45.8%) (6 Type 2 DM, 5 metabolic syndrome), no statistically significant difference was determined in vitamin B12, homocysteine, MMA and holo-TC-II levels. There were 6% decline in vitamin B12 levels and 10.9% increase in homocysteine levels, 5.4% decrease was detected in holo-TC-II level. CONCLUSION Although no significant changes in the serum vitamin B12, homocysteine, MMA or holo-TC-II levels with metformin therapy were detected, long-term prospective studies with high-dose metformin treatment in pediatric population are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özen Taş
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Kontbay
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dogan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Kose
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Berberoglu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Siklar
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tumer
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, Starc G, Hejgaard T, Júlíusson PB, Fismen AS, Weghuber D, Musić Milanović S, García-Solano M, Rutter H, Rakovac I, Cucu A, Brinduse LA, Rito AI, Kovacs VA, Heinen MM, Nurk E, Mäki P, Abdrakhmanova S, Rakhmatulleoeva S, Duleva V, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Fijałkowska A, Gualtieri A, Sacchini E, Hassapidou M, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kujundžić E, Kunešová M, Markidou Ioannidou E, Ostojic SM, Peterkova V, Petrauskienė A, Popović S, Pudule I, Russell Jonsson K, Dal-Re Saavedra MÁ, Salanave B, Shengelia L, Spiroski I, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tichá Ľ, Usupova Z, Ozcebe LH, Abildina A, Schindler K, Weber MW, Filipović Hadžiomeragić A, Melkumova M, Stojisavljević D, Boymatova K, Williams J, Breda J. Thinness, overweight, and obesity in 6- to 9-year-old children from 36 countries: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative-COSI 2015-2017. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 6:e13214. [PMID: 34235850 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2015-2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6-9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Hejgaard
- Health Promotion and Inequality, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petur Benedikt Júlíusson
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta García-Solano
- Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Cucu
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Discipline of Public health and Health Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse
- National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Mirjam M Heinen
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Päivi Mäki
- Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- Department of Science and Professional Development, National Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstan's Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sanavbar Rakhmatulleoeva
- Department of the Organization of Medical Services for Mothers, Children and Family Planning Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- Department Food and Nutrition, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elena Sacchini
- Health Authority, Ministry of Health, San Marino, San Marino
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jolanda Hyska
- Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enisa Kujundžić
- Center for Health Ecology, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Valentina Peterkova
- Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aušra Petrauskienė
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stevo Popović
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Niksic, Montenegro.,Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kenisha Russell Jonsson
- Department of Living Conditions and Lifestyle, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Benoît Salanave
- Departement of Non-Communicable Diseases and Traumatisms, Santé publique France, the French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France.,Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Lela Shengelia
- Maternal, Child and Reproductive Health, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maya Tanrygulyyeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Ľubica Tichá
- Children's Hospital National Institute of Children's Diseases, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zhamilya Usupova
- Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Lütfiye Hilal Ozcebe
- Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akbota Abildina
- National Center of Public Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan/WHO Collaborating Center for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Karin Schindler
- Federal Ministry Social Affairs, Health Care and Consumer Protection, Division of Mother, Child, Gender Health and Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin W Weber
- World Health Organization (WHO) Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aida Filipović Hadžiomeragić
- Department of Hygiene, Health Ecology Service, Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Melkumova
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Arabkir Medical Centre- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dragana Stojisavljević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Khadichamo Boymatova
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO Tajikistan Country Office, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Julianne Williams
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M, Heinen MM, Rutter H, Hassapidou M, Duleva V, Pudule I, Petrauskienė A, Sjöberg A, Lissner L, Spiroski I, Gutiérrez-González E, Kelleher CC, Bergh IH, Metelcová T, Vignerová J, Brabec M, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Simmonds P, Zamrazilová H, Hainer V, Yngve A, Rakovac I, Breda J. Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in 7-year-old children-WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 6:e13208. [PMID: 34402567 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious global health problem. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reflect body fat distribution in children. The objectives of this study were to assess WC and WHtR in 7-year-old children and to determine body mass index (BMI), WC, and WHtR differences in children from 10 selected countries across Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). The 50th and 90th percentile of WC (according to COSI and "Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS" (IDEFICS) cutoff values) and WHtR above 0.5 were used as measures of abdominal obesity in a unique sample of 38,975 children aged 7.00-7.99 years. Southern European countries, including Greece and Spain, showed significantly higher BMI, WC, and WHtRin both genders (p < 0.0001) than Eastern and Northern Europe. The highest values for WC were observed in Greece (60.8 ± 7.36 cm boys; 60.3 ± 7.48 cm girls), North Macedonia (60.4 ± 7.91 cm boys; 59.0 ± 8.01 cm girls), and Spain (59.7 ± 6.96 cm boys; 58.9 ± 6.77 cm girls). WC and WHtRin may add an information about the occurrence of central obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirjam M Heinen
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aušra Petrauskienė
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine at Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Cecily C Kelleher
- College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingunn Holden Bergh
- Department of Health and Inequality, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tereza Metelcová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.,1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vignerová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julianne Williams
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Philippa Simmonds
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Hana Zamrazilová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hainer
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agneta Yngve
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Studies, Uppsala University, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Heinen MM, Bel-Serrat S, Kelleher CC, Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Milanović SM, Rito AI, Bosi ATB, Gutiérrrez-González E, Pudule I, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdurrahmonova Z, Brinduse LA, Cucu A, Duleva V, Fijałkowska A, Gualtieri A, Hejgaard T, Hyska J, Kujundžić E, Petrauskiene A, Sacchini E, Shengelia L, Tanrygulyyeva M, Usupova Z, Bergh IH, Weghuber D, Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M, Sant'Angelo VF, Nurk E, Ostojic SM, Spiroski I, Tichá Ľ, Rutter H, Williams J, Boymatova K, Rakovac I, Weber MW, Breda J. Urban and rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption among 6-9-year-old children from 19 countries from the WHO European region. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 6:e13207. [PMID: 34235832 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to address the paucity of evidence on the association between childhood eating habits and urbanization, this cross-sectional study describes urban-rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption in 123,100 children aged 6-9 years from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015-2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents/caregivers completed food-frequency questionnaires. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed wide variability among countries and within macroregions for all indicators. The percentage of children attending rural schools ranged from 3% in Turkey to 70% in Turkmenistan. The prevalence of less healthy eating habits was high, with between 30-80% and 30-90% children not eating fruit or vegetables daily, respectively, and up to 45% consuming soft drinks on >3 days a week. For less than one third of the countries, children attending rural schools had higher odds (OR-range: 1.1-2.1) for not eating fruit or vegetables daily or consuming soft drinks >3 days a week compared to children attending urban schools. For the remainder of the countries no significant associations were observed. Both population-based interventions and policy strategies are necessary to improve access to healthy foods and increase healthy eating behaviors among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M Heinen
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Tülay Bağci Bosi
- Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Iveta Pudule
- Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- Department of Science and Professional Development, National Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstan's Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Republican Centre for Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, Duschanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cucu
- National Centre of Health Promotion and Health Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Discipline of Public Health and Health Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- Department Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tatjana Hejgaard
- Health Promotion and Inequality, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jolanda Hyska
- Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Enisa Kujundžić
- Center for Health Ecology, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elena Sacchini
- Health Authority, Ministry of Health, San Marino, San Marino
| | - Lela Shengelia
- Maternal, Child and Reproductive Health, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maya Tanrygulyyeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Zhamilya Usupova
- Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ingunn Holden Bergh
- Department of Health and Inequality, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Faculty of Medicine, SS. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ľubica Tichá
- Children's Hospital National Institute of Children's Diseases, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Julianne Williams
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Khadichamo Boymatova
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health Through the Life-Course, WHO Country Office for Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Martin W Weber
- World Health Organization (WHO) Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Todd JN, Kleinberger JW, Zhang H, Srinivasan S, Tollefsen SE, Levitsky LL, Levitt Katz LE, Tryggestad JB, Bacha F, Imperatore G, Lawrence JM, Pihoker C, Divers J, Flannick J, Dabelea D, Florez JC, Pollin TI. Monogenic Diabetes in Youth With Presumed Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) Collaboration. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:dc210491. [PMID: 34362814 PMCID: PMC8929184 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Correct diagnosis may result in a change in clinical treatment and impacts prediction of complications and familial risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of MODY in multiethnic youth under age 20 years with a clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated whole-exome sequence data of youth with a clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We considered participants to have MODY if they carried a MODY gene variant classified as likely pathogenic (LP) or pathogenic (P) according to current guidelines. RESULTS Of 3,333 participants, 93 (2.8%) carried an LP/P variant in HNF4A (16 participants), GCK (23), HNF1A (44), PDX1 (5), INS (4), and CEL (1). Compared with those with no LP/P variants, youth with MODY had a younger age at diagnosis (12.9 ± 2.5 vs. 13.6 ± 2.3 years, P = 0.002) and lower fasting C-peptide levels (3.0 ± 1.7 vs. 4.7 ± 3.5 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Youth with MODY were less likely to have hypertension (6.9% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.007) and had higher HDL cholesterol (43.8 vs. 39.7 mg/dL, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS By comprehensively sequencing the coding regions of all MODY genes, we identified MODY in 2.8% of youth with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes; importantly, in 89% (n = 83) the specific diagnosis would have changed clinical management. No clinical criterion reliably separated the two groups. New tools are needed to find ideal criteria for selection of individuals for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Todd
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey W Kleinberger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shylaja Srinivasan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sherida E Tollefsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lynne L Levitsky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lorraine E Levitt Katz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeanie B Tryggestad
- Section of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Fida Bacha
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jean M Lawrence
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Jasmin Divers
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jason Flannick
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Nutritional Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072359. [PMID: 34371871 PMCID: PMC8308497 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major mortality and morbidity cause in adulthood worldwide. The atherosclerotic process starts even before birth, progresses through childhood and, if not stopped, eventually leads to CHD. Therefore, it is important to start prevention from the earliest stages of life. CHD prevention can be performed at different interventional stages: primordial prevention is aimed at preventing risk factors, primary prevention is aimed at early identification and treatment of risk factors, secondary prevention is aimed at reducing the risk of further events in those patients who have already experienced a CHD event. In this context, CHD risk stratification is of utmost importance, in order to tailor the preventive and therapeutic approach. Nutritional intervention is the milestone treatment in pediatric patients at increased CHD risk. According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease theory, the origins of lifestyle-related disease is formed in the so called “first thousand days” from conception, when an insult, either positive or negative, can cause life-lasting consequences. Nutrition is a positive epigenetic factor: an adequate nutritional intervention in a developmental critical period can change the outcome from childhood into adulthood.
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14
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Filos D, Lekka I, Kilintzis V, Stefanopoulos L, Karavidopoulou Y, Maramis C, Diou C, Sarafis I, Papapanagiotou V, Alagialoglou L, Ioakeimidis I, Hassapidou M, Charmandari E, Heimeier R, O'Malley G, O'Donnell S, Doyle G, Delopoulos A, Maglaveras N. Exploring Associations Between Children's Obesogenic Behaviors and the Local Environment Using Big Data: Development and Evaluation of the Obesity Prevention Dashboard. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e26290. [PMID: 34048353 PMCID: PMC8274675 DOI: 10.2196/26290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health problem globally and in Europe. The prevalence of childhood obesity is also soaring. Several parameters of the living environment are contributing to this increase, such as the density of fast food retailers, and thus, preventive health policies against childhood obesity must focus on the environment to which children are exposed. Currently, there are no systems in place to objectively measure the effect of living environment parameters on obesogenic behaviors and obesity. The H2020 project "BigO: Big Data Against Childhood Obesity" aims to tackle childhood obesity by creating new sources of evidence based on big data. OBJECTIVE This paper introduces the Obesity Prevention dashboard (OPdashboard), implemented in the context of BigO, which offers an interactive data platform for the exploration of objective obesity-related behaviors and local environments based on the data recorded using the BigO mHealth (mobile health) app. METHODS The OPdashboard, which can be accessed on the web, allows for (1) the real-time monitoring of children's obesogenic behaviors in a city area, (2) the extraction of associations between these behaviors and the local environment, and (3) the evaluation of interventions over time. More than 3700 children from 33 schools and 2 clinics in 5 European cities have been monitored using a custom-made mobile app created to extract behavioral patterns by capturing accelerometer and geolocation data. Online databases were assessed in order to obtain a description of the environment. The dashboard's functionality was evaluated during a focus group discussion with public health experts. RESULTS The preliminary association outcomes in 2 European cities, namely Thessaloniki, Greece, and Stockholm, Sweden, indicated a correlation between children's eating and physical activity behaviors and the availability of food-related places or sports facilities close to schools. In addition, the OPdashboard was used to assess changes to children's physical activity levels as a result of the health policies implemented to decelerate the COVID-19 outbreak. The preliminary outcomes of the analysis revealed that in urban areas the decrease in physical activity was statistically significant, while a slight increase was observed in the suburbs. These findings indicate the importance of the availability of open spaces for behavioral change in children. Discussions with public health experts outlined the dashboard's potential to aid in a better understanding of the interplay between children's obesogenic behaviors and the environment, and improvements were suggested. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses serve as an initial investigation using the OPdashboard. Additional factors must be incorporated in order to optimize its use and obtain a clearer understanding of the results. The unique big data that are available through the OPdashboard can lead to the implementation of models that are able to predict population behavior. The OPdashboard can be considered as a tool that will increase our understanding of the underlying factors in childhood obesity and inform the design of regional interventions both for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Filos
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irini Lekka
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kilintzis
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Youla Karavidopoulou
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Maramis
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Diou
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Multimedia Understanding Group, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarafis
- Multimedia Understanding Group, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Ioakeimidis
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Donnell
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerardine Doyle
- College of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical Imaging Technologies, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Influence of home/school environments on children's obesity, diet, and physical activity: the SUECO study protocol. GACETA SANITARIA 2021; 36:78-81. [PMID: 34246500 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SUECO study examines the relationship between urban obesogenic environments and health outcomes among school-age children in the city of Madrid, Spain. We will study how features of the urban environment (related to the food- and the physical activity environment) associate with children's anthropometrics, eating habits, and physical activity levels. METHOD We describe the study protocol of this multilevel study in a representative sample of school-age children in the city of Madrid (2017; n=5,961 children ages 3-12). Main outcome variables include anthropometrics (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), healthy and unhealthy consumption measures, and physical activity measures. The primary explanatory variables are grouped into food environment (e.g., unhealthy food retailers' density) and physical activity environment (e.g., walkability, physical activity opportunities) variable categories. Multilevel models will be used to calculate the associations between each indicator and obesity and physical inactivity.
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VANHELST JÉRÉMY, DEKEN VALÉRIE, BOULIC GAËLLE, DUHAMEL ALAIN, ROMON MONIQUE. Feasibility and reliability of the Self Administered Children's Lifestyle Assessment (SACLA), a new tool to measure children's lifestyle behaviors: the VIF Program. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E117-E121. [PMID: 34322626 PMCID: PMC8283655 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To develop a self-administered children health-related behaviors assessment, and to test its feasibility and reliability in a group of French children. Methods A sample of 216 children participated in the first stage of this study, dedicated to the feasibility assessment. An independent sample of 99 children participated in the assessment of reliability via questionnaire test and retest. Results Missing or inappropriate responses on different parts of the questionnaire ranged from 0 to 35%, more evident on the drink intake and sleep areas. Some questions in fact have been modified or removed. No problems were reported on the dimensions of physical activity habits and sedentary behaviors. The mean percentage of agreement in test-retest reliability for the questionnaire dimensions was 78% (47-99%). Overall, kappa coefficients were good. Conclusions This questionnaire is an acceptable and reliable instrument for assessing lifestyle habits in French children.
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Affiliation(s)
- JÉRÉMY VANHELST
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286, INFINITE, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France - Clinical Investigation Center, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Correspondence: Jérémy Vanhelst, Antenne pédiatrique du CIC, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU de Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, 59000 Lille Cedex, France - Tel.: +33 3 20 44 60 58 - Fax: +33 3 20 44 66 87 - E-mail:
| | - VALÉRIE DEKEN
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694, METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | | | - ALAIN DUHAMEL
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694, METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - MONIQUE ROMON
- Professeur émérite, University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694, METRICS: Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
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Reddy P, Dukhi N, Sewpaul R, Ellahebokus MAA, Kambaran NS, Jobe W. Mobile Health Interventions Addressing Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe: Current Landscape and Potential for Future Research. Front Public Health 2021; 9:604439. [PMID: 33777878 PMCID: PMC7991289 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.604439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Child and adolescent overweight is a growing public health problem globally. Europe and low and middle-income (LMIC) countries in Sub-Saharan Africa provide sufficiently suitable populations to learn from with respect to the potential for mobile health (mHealth) interventions in this area of research. The aim of this paper is to identify mHealth interventions on prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Sweden and report on their effects, in order to inform future research in this area. A search of peer-reviewed publications was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. The search included all articles published up to August 2019. The search strings consisted of MeSH terms related to mHealth, overweight or obesity, children, adolescents or youth and individual countries in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, a combination of free-text words; mobile phone, physical activity, exercise, diet, weight, BMI, and healthy eating was also used. Seven studies were reported from Europe and no eligible studies from Sub-Saharan Africa. The results of this narrative review indicate a lack of research in the development and testing of mHealth interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity. There is a need for an evidence base of mHealth interventions that are both relevant and appropriate in order to stem the epidemic of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in these countries. Uptake of such interventions is likely to be high as there is high penetrance of mobile phone technology amongst adolescents, even within poor communities in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Reddy
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Natisha Dukhi
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronel Sewpaul
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Nilen Sunder Kambaran
- Analytics, Retirement, Compensation and Health Actuarial Consulting, Westlake, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William Jobe
- Department of Informatics, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Litwin M, Kułaga Z. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:825-837. [PMID: 32388582 PMCID: PMC7910261 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary hypertension is the dominant form of arterial hypertension in adolescents. Disturbed body composition with, among other things, increased visceral fat deposition, accelerated biological maturation, metabolic abnormalities typical for metabolic syndrome, and increased adrenergic drive constitutes the intermediary phenotype of primary hypertension. Metabolic syndrome is observed in 15-20% of adolescents with primary hypertension. These features are also typical of obesity-related hypertension. Metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome are closely associated with both the severity of hypertension and the risk of target organ damage. However, even though increased body mass index is the main determinant of blood pressure in the general population, not every hypertensive adolescent is obese and not every obese patient suffers from hypertension or metabolic abnormalities typical for metabolic syndrome. Thus, the concepts of metabolically healthy obesity, normal weight metabolically unhealthy, and metabolically unhealthy obese phenotypes have been developed. The risk of hypertension and hypertensive target organ damage increases with exposure to metabolic risk factors which are determined by disturbed body composition and visceral obesity. Due to the fact that both primary hypertension and obesity-related hypertension present similar pathogenesis, the principles of treatment are the same and are focused not only on lowering blood pressure, but also on normalizing body composition and metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Litwin
- Department of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Kułaga
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Department of Public Health, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Pileggi C, Papadopoli R, De Sarro C, Nobile CGA, Pavia M. Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Intraocular Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Children. Obes Facts 2021; 14:169-177. [PMID: 33794545 PMCID: PMC8138192 DOI: 10.1159/000514096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies in the adult population have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas data in the paediatric population are sparse and controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and IOP in healthy school children. METHODS The survey was conducted among a random sample of 8-year-old Italian students. Data were collected on their health status and behaviours related to obesity (physical activity, food and drinking habits, etc.). Physical examinations, conducted at school, included measurements of height, weight, BP, and IOP. RESULTS Five hundred and seventy-six subjects were recruited (92.8% response rate); 42.4% were overweight or obese, 58.9% consumed inadequate daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and 87.5% were involved in sedentary activities. Elevated BP/hypertension (HTN) affected 3.6% and high IOP was revealed in 12.5% of the children. In the multivariate analysis, elevated BP/HTN was the only significant determinant of ocular HTN (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.95-14.73, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high IOP affects 12.5% of 8-year-old school children and appears to be associated with high BP related to a high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pileggi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Papadopoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Kutac P, Bunc V, Sigmund M. Determination of Body Fat Ratio Standards in Children at Early School Age Using Bioelectric Impedance. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E641. [PMID: 33255595 PMCID: PMC7760493 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess the proportionality of body mass; however, there are currently no standards for assessing the weight status of the child population for the needs of epidemiological studies. This study aims to establish bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) standards for assessing the body weight of children (body fat, visceral fat) using BMI percentile growth charts. Materials and Methods: The study was implemented in a group of 1674 children (816 boys and 858 girls), ages 6 to 11. To classify the subjects at a percentile level, the percentile growth charts from the 6th national anthropological study in the Czech Republic were used. Body composition parameters were ascertained by BIA. Results: Body fat (%) and visceral fat standard values were determined for all age categories. The standards were in three-stages, enabling the determination of underweight, normal weight and overweight children aged 6-11 years. For boys with proportionate body mass, standard body fat values ranging from 14.3-16.0% to 15.5-18.0% were determined, while for girls' values ranging from 16.7-19.4% to 18.3-20.5% were determined, depending on age. As far as visceral fat is concerned, standard values in boys ranging from 30.3-36.9 cm2 to 36.1-44.9 cm2 and in girls 30.3-36.9 cm2 to 36.1-44.9 cm2 were determined, depending on age. Conclusions: Standards for assessing weight status are applicable to children aged 6-11 years, while it can be confirmed that BMI can be considered as an objective tool in assessing body mass and body composition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kutac
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Bunc
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha 6, 162 52 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Sigmund
- Application Centre BALUO, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Husøy A, Dalene KE, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U, Tarp J. Effect modification by cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in youth: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:845-853. [PMID: 33225807 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1847919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, but the interplay between these variables in relation to the cardiometabolic risk profile is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health differs by levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE, filtered from 2001 up until July 2019. We obtained 8980 citations, with 6915 remaining after removal of duplicates. Estimates were retrieved from 18 studies. All included articles went through a risk of bias assessment. We found that 14 out of 20 (70%) effect-estimates supported stronger associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers among low-fit youth as compared to their high-fit peers. The most consistent findings were observed with biochemical markers and blood pressure as outcomes. However, substantial uncertainty is associated with these findings as most of the included studies (~72%) had a high risk of bias. More than two-thirds of the findings supported greatest benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk markers in youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness, although the clinical importance of this difference is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Flores-Barrantes P, Iguacel I, Iglesia-Altaba I, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Rapid Weight Gain, Infant Feeding Practices, and Subsequent Body Mass Index Trajectories: The CALINA Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103178. [PMID: 33080922 PMCID: PMC7603162 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study growth patterns according to rapid weight gain (RWG) and infant feeding practices during the first 120 days and whether infant feeding practices mediated the association between RWG in the first semester of life and subsequent body mass index (BMI) z-score in children from age 1 to 6. (1) Methods: 862 children from the Growth and Feeding during Lactation and Early Childhood in Children of Aragon study (CALINA in Spanish) were examined. Repeated-measures ANOVA analyses were conducted to assess growth trajectories according to RWG and type of feeding practice. The product of coefficients mediation method was used to assess the potential contribution of infant feeding practices to the association between RWG and BMI z-score. Mediation models were conducted using IBM SPSS-PROCESS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. (2) Results: BMI and weight z-score trajectories were significantly higher in the RWG group and the formula-fed group. No significant differences were found regarding height. Infant feeding practices did not mediate the association between RWG and BMI z-score but were associated with BMI at 6 years. (3) Conclusions: Infant feeding practices and RWG determine different growth trajectories of BMI and weight during childhood. Although infant feeding practices did not mediate the association between early RWG and BMI later in life, formula feeding is independently related to higher BMI growth patterns later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.); (I.I.-A.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-876-553-756
| | - Isabel Iguacel
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.); (I.I.-A.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Iglesia-Altaba
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.); (I.I.-A.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.); (I.I.-A.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition, and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.I.); (I.I.-A.); (L.A.M.); (G.R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Children's Body Mass Index Depending on Dietary Patterns, the Use of Technological Devices, the Internet and Sleep on BMI in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207492. [PMID: 33076248 PMCID: PMC7650693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increase in overweight as well as obesity in children, the researchers undertook the studies to determine the occurrence of these irregularities and identify the factors leading to them. The study aimed to assess the body mass index of the children subcategorized and compared depending on the dietary patterns, the use of technical devices, the Internet, and sleeping habits. The study group consisted of 376 children (189 girls and 187 boys) aged 6 to 15. The body composition estimates were obtained with the use of a foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis, the body height was measured by means of a stadiometer, and blood pressure was monitored. The research questionnaire was distributed among the surveyed and included the question concerning the children’s lifestyle, eating and sleeping habits, the use of electronic devices, the Internet, and socio-demographic data. As indicated, the number of sleeping hours per day significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas the frequency of using the smartphone had a positive correlation with BMI. The children who sleep less and spend more time using the smartphone had higher BMI values. Bearing in mind the conditions that may have an influence on the BMI of early-school age children, the emphasis must be placed on healthy lifestyle education among children and parents alike.
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Damen FW, Luning PA, Pellegrini N, Vitaglione P, Hofstede GJ, Fogliano V, Steenbekkers BL. Mothers’ considerations in snack choice for their children: Differences between the North and the South of Italy. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Classroom Active Breaks to Increase Children's Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Province of Naples, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186599. [PMID: 32927849 PMCID: PMC7560134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Classroom Active Breaks (CABs), short active sessions integrated in the school time, have been recognized as a promising tool to reduce sedentary behavior and increase Physical Activity (PA) levels in children. “AulAttiva” is a six-month CABs-based program implemented in primary schools of the province of Naples. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness by comparing PA and sedentary time of participating pupils respect to a control group, considering also their weight status. Methods: Four third-grade classes, each from 4 schools out of 32 participating in AulAttiva, and 4 third-grade classes, each from 4 schools out of 74 that did not take part, were randomly selected. Finally, 58 children composed the intervention group and 57 the control group. Age, gender, weight and height were registered for each participant. Weight status was classified as non-overweight and overweight/obesity. Sedentary time and PA were assessed through accelerometers along a school day. Results: Light PA was 4 min higher in the AulAttiva group with respect to controls (p = 0.046). Within the non-overweight children, the AulAttiva group spent less time in sedentary behavior and more time in light and total PA than controls. No significant differences were found between the overweight/obese subgroups. Conclusions: The results support the effectiveness of CABs in increasing PA during the school day. Greater effects were registered among normal weight pupils, suggesting the possible influence of weight status on children’s participation to the intervention. Further studies are needed to improve the compliance of overweight/obese children to this intervention.
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Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles to Teenagers with Mobile Devices: A Case Study in Portugal. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8030315. [PMID: 32887251 PMCID: PMC7551168 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Educating teenagers about nutrition and promoting active lifestyles is essential in reducing the long-term health risks and one idea to achieve this is by using mobile applications. Previous studies showed that the existing mobile applications have similar functionalities, such as intervention with questionnaires, and the use of gamification techniques to improve interactiveness. However, unlike our study, some studies are not validated and verified by healthcare professionals. Additionally, this study intends to promote the interaction between the teenagers and the medical communities. In this study, we analyze the benefits of the proposed mobile application, which features monitoring of physical activity, daily tips and curiosities, questionnaires, and gamification through earning points. Most of the teenagers were satisfied with the physical activity monitoring and found the tips, curiosities, and weekly questionnaires useful. The study started with 26 teenagers from two schools in the center of Portugal that would use the mobile application for five weeks. Still, at the end of the study, only 7 teenagers finalized the study. The decreasing number of teenagers in the study was affected by the lack of social interaction caused by the pandemic situation. During the period, the mobile application would engage the users with notifications on nutrition and physical activity, challenges concerning the number of steps and calories they would have to spend, and questionnaires related to the curiosities and suggestions from the previous week. We used Fisher’s test to investigate the relationship between the assessment obtained in the responses to the questionnaires, and the adoption of healthier eating and sports practices. In summary, participants were satisfied with the mobile application and experienced some improvements in diet and habits.
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Williams J, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, Rito AI, Spinelli A, Hejgaard T, Kierkegaard L, Nurk E, Kunešová M, Musić Milanović S, García-Solano M, Gutiérrez-González E, Brinduse LA, Cucu A, Fijałkowska A, Farrugia Sant’Angelo V, Abdrakhmanova S, Pudule I, Duleva V, Yardim N, Gualtieri A, Heinen M, Bel-Serrat S, Usupova Z, Peterkova V, Shengelia L, Hyska J, Tanrygulyyeva M, Petrauskiene A, Rakhmatullaeva S, Kujundzic E, Ostojic SM, Weghuber D, Melkumova M, Spiroski I, Starc G, Rutter H, Rathmes G, Bunge AC, Rakovac I, Boymatova K, Weber M, Breda J. A Snapshot of European Children's Eating Habits: Results from the Fourth Round of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2481. [PMID: 32824588 PMCID: PMC7468747 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming a healthy diet in childhood helps to protect against malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study described the diets of 132,489 children aged six to nine years from 23 countries participating in round four (2015-2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents or caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire that contained indicators of energy-balance-related behaviors (including diet). For each country, we calculated the percentage of children who consumed breakfast, fruit, vegetables, sweet snacks or soft drinks "every day", "most days (four to six days per week)", "some days (one to three days per week)", or "never or less than once a week". We reported these results stratified by country, sex, and region. On a daily basis, most children (78.5%) consumed breakfast, fewer than half (42.5%) consumed fruit, fewer than a quarter (22.6%) consumed fresh vegetables, and around one in ten consumed sweet snacks or soft drinks (10.3% and 9.4%, respectively); however, there were large between-country differences. This paper highlights an urgent need to create healthier food and drink environments, reinforce health systems to promote healthy diets, and continue to support child nutrition and obesity surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Williams
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Paola Nardone
- Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore Di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1600 560 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Angela Spinelli
- Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore Di Sanità), 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.N.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Lene Kierkegaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Obesity Unit, 116 94 Prague, Czechia;
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marta García-Solano
- Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, 28014 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-S.); (E.G.-G.)
| | | | - Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse
- Department of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (L.A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandra Cucu
- Department of Public Health and Management, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 030167 Bucharest, Romania; (L.A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- National Center of Public health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 010000 Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan;
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, LV-1005 Latvia, Riga;
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- National Center of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nazan Yardim
- Turkish Ministry of Health, Public Health General Directorate, 34400 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Andrea Gualtieri
- Health Authority, Department of Health and Social Security, 47893 San Marino, San Marino;
| | - Mirjam Heinen
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Zhamyla Usupova
- Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, 720040 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Valentina Peterkova
- Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117036 Moscow, Russian Federation;
| | - Lela Shengelia
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, 0198 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | | | - Maya Tanrygulyyeva
- Internal Diseases Department of the Scientific Clinical Centre of Mother and Child Health, 744036 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan;
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sanavbar Rakhmatullaeva
- Department for Organization of Health Services to Children, Mothers, Adolescents and Family Planning, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, 734025 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;
| | - Enisa Kujundzic
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Sergej M. Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Marina Melkumova
- Arabkir Medical Centre-Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia;
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Giulia Rathmes
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Anne Charlotte Bunge
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Martin Weber
- WHO Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation; (M.B.); (G.R.); (A.C.B.); (I.R.); (J.B.)
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Gama A, Rosado-Marques VÍ, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Nogueira H, MourÃo I, Padez C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3-to-10-year-old children: assessment of different cut-off criteria WHO-IOTF. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190449. [PMID: 32785443 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the prevalence of overweight and obesity between WHO/IOTF criteria. A total of 17,277 Portuguese children aged 3-10 years old were analysed. The prevalences of overweight-obesity were higher at WHO classification (19.8%-20.7%) than at IOTF classification (8.2%-16.1%), (p<0.001). Agreement between the criteria were substantial for overweight (Kappa= 0.67, p<0.001) and moderate for obesity (Kappa= 0.47, p<0.001). The prevalences ratio for inequality between criteria were greater for boys than for girls and lesser for children aged 6-7 than children aged 8-10 years old. The disparities between the two criteria and the higher overweight obesity prevalences highlight the needs to develop more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Gama
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - VÍtor Rosado-Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel MourÃo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciência do Desporto, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Musić Milanović S, Lang Morović M, Bukal D, Križan H, Buoncristiano M, Breda J. Regional and sociodemographic determinants of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-9 years in Croatia. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:303-311. [PMID: 33456118 PMCID: PMC7808219 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of overweight and obesity among Croatian schoolchildren aged 7-9 years in relation to sociodemographic factors. This study used data that were gathered as part of the WHO Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in 2015/2016. The sample for the study was nationally representative. Anthropometric measurements of 5591 children, 2811 boys and 2780 girls, were collected during 8 weeks using standardized equipment. Studied variables included child’s anthropometric measurements and demographics, maternal education and employment status. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of overweight and obesity in Croatian 7-9-year-old children. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in boys in comparison to girls, especially among boys from the Adriatic region (42.1%). The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in boys living in the Adriatic region (ORadj=1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.71) and in girls with high-school educated mothers (ORadj=1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.66). Girls with unemployed mothers had a lower risk of overweight and obesity (ORadj=0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.92). The observed prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity warrants national and local time-bound targets for reduction of childhood obesity, accompanied by detailed action plans and monitoring mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Lang Morović
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dora Bukal
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helena Križan
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - João Breda
- 1Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
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Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in French children, aged 4-12 years, from 2013 to 2017. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2478-2484. [PMID: 32456740 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in French children from 2013 to 2017. DESIGN Cross-sectional study performed in fourteen regions of France. Physical measures included weight, height and BMI. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points from the International Obesity Task Force. SETTING France. SUBJECTS Children (10 159 boys, 9757 girls) from the voluntary, non-representative Diagnoform programme between 2013 and 2017, at the age of 4-12 years. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls compared with boys (P < 0·001). Underweight was also more prevalent in girls (P < 0·05). Although there were no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity in boys or girls from 2013 to 2017, a significant decrease in overweight among boys and girls was found (P < 0·001) during the same time period. In contrast, the prevalence of underweight increased in girls and boys (from 10·0 to 20·0 %, P < 0·0001) between 2013 and 2017. CONCLUSIONS Results of the current study show that the prevalence of obesity was stable, while the prevalence of overweight decreased significantly, despite high in French children. Findings suggest also that thinness is becoming an important phenomenon in children. Developing preventive and nutritional programmes in order to modify the lifestyle might help control underweight and obesity in children.
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Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Dalene KE, Kolle E, Northstone K, Møller NC, Grøntved A, Wedderkopp N, Kriemler S, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, van der Ploeg H, Ahrens W, Flexeder C, Standl M, Shculz H, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Michels N, Cardon G, Ortega FB, Ruiz J, Aznar S, Fogelholm M, Decelis A, Olesen LG, Hjorth MF, Santos R, Vale S, Christiansen LB, Jago R, Basterfield L, Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Eiben G, Polito A, Lauria F, Vanhelst J, Hadjigeorgiou C, Konstabel K, Molnár D, Sprengeler O, Manios Y, Harro J, Kafatos A, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. Variations in accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time across Europe - harmonized analyses of 47,497 children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:38. [PMID: 32183834 PMCID: PMC7079516 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the variations in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents across Europe. Methods Six databases were systematically searched to identify pan-European and national data sets on physical activity and sedentary time assessed by the same accelerometer in children (2 to 9.9 years) and adolescents (≥10 to 18 years). We harmonized individual-level data by reprocessing hip-worn raw accelerometer data files from 30 different studies conducted between 1997 and 2014, representing 47,497 individuals (2–18 years) from 18 different European countries. Results Overall, a maximum of 29% (95% CI: 25, 33) of children and 29% (95% CI: 25, 32) of adolescents were categorized as sufficiently physically active. We observed substantial country- and region-specific differences in physical activity and sedentary time, with lower physical activity levels and prevalence estimates in Southern European countries. Boys were more active and less sedentary in all age-categories. The onset of age-related lowering or leveling-off of physical activity and increase in sedentary time seems to become apparent at around 6 to 7 years of age. Conclusions Two third of European children and adolescents are not sufficiently active. Our findings suggest substantial gender-, country- and region-specific differences in physical activity. These results should encourage policymakers, governments, and local and national stakeholders to take action to facilitate an increase in the physical activity levels of young people across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistcs and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Portugal, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Shculz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD research group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Insituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jonatan Ruiz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Line Grønholt Olesen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Unit for obesity research Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rute Santos
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Department of Sport Science, High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russ Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Basterfield
- Institute of Health & Society and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Angela Polito
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lauria
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Jeremy Vanhelst
- Inserm, CHU Lille,U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Centre, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Kenn Konstabel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tervise Arengu Instituut, Tallin, Estonia
| | - Dénes Molnár
- University of Pecs, Medical Faculty, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ole Sprengeler
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Camargos ACR, Figueiredo PHS, da Fonseca SF, de Matos MA, Oliveira KSC, Neves CDC, Leite HR, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants: a cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:241-246. [PMID: 31934878 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The salivary circadian diurnal cortisol plays an important role in growth and development. Inappropriate levels may induce changes associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life. It is unknown if there are differences in cortisol secretion pattern between overweight/obese infants when compared with theirs peers in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol secretion pattern in overweight/obese and normal-weight infants. Methods Thirty-three (overweight/obese = 17 and normal weight = 16) infants between 6 and 24 months of age had saliva samples collected upon awakening (T1), 30 min after waking (T2), at 12:00 am or before the baby's meal (T3), and prior to bedtime (T4). Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays were used for cortisol analyses. Results Salivary cortisol levels were similar between the groups: T1 (p = 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.65, 1.37), T2 (p = 0.24; 95% CI: -8.23, 2.17), T3 (p = 0.95; 95% CI: -3.16, 2.96), and T4 (p = 0.81; 95% CI: -1.39, 1.08); and no differences were observed between area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.80; 95% CI: -4.58-13.66). The cortisol level reduced in T4 (95% CI: 1.35-2.96) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.15-8.49) and T2 in the overweight/obese group (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.02-11.04). In the normal-weight group, the cortisol reduced in T3 (95% CI: 2.86-8.18) compared to T1 (95% CI: 5.64-12.28) and decreased until T4 (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.25-3.37). Conclusions The overweight/obese infant group presented a different pattern of cortisol secretion, although cortisol levels did not differ between the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- EEFFTO - Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus - Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Phone: +55/31/99171-4665
| | - Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Katherine Simone Caires Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Danielle Cunha Neves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Curso de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Krzysztoszek J, Kleka P, Laudańska-Krzemińska I. Assessment of selected nutrient intake by Polish preschool children compared to dietary recommendations: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:635-647. [PMID: 32399113 PMCID: PMC7212230 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years a steady increase in the number of obese people has been observed worldwide. This problem is also increasingly applicable to children and adolescents. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies carried out in Poland over ten years (2005-2015) which analysed the diet of preschool children and assessed how significantly it affects the prevention of diet-dependent disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two of the researchers independently performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Polish Medical Bibliography to find studies published between 2005 and 2015. The variance of the means of differences between selected factors in relation to dietary guidelines and standards for preschool children was estimated by summing the individual variances of means. The means of differences between selected factors across the studies were pooled using random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS The analysis included a total of 2095 children. Mean protein content in the diet of children studied is 111% higher than indicated in dietary recommendations for this age group; mean consumption of carbohydrates in the study group is 24% higher than recommended. In moderately high calorie diets, analysis showed that the recommended norm is exceeded by 47%, CE 0.77, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Nutrient intake is not compliant with recommendations for this age group and could not only inhibit physical development, but also increase the risk of diet-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krzysztoszek
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kleka
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska
- Department of Physical Activity Study and Health Promotion, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Calmeiro L, Pereira C. Healthy lifestyles and body mass index as correlates of body image dissatisfaction in primary schoolchildren. ACTA GYMNICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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The effect of a multidisciplinary weight loss program on renal circadian rhythm in obese adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:1849-1858. [PMID: 31486897 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity is a serious health problem associated with many comorbidities. Obesity-related alterations in circadian rhythm have been described for nocturnal blood pressure and for metabolic functions. We believe renal circadian rhythm is also disrupted in obesity, though this has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to examine renal circadian rhythm in obese adolescents before and after weight loss.In 34 obese adolescents (median age 15.7 years) participating in a residential weight loss program, renal function profiles and blood samples were collected at baseline, after 7 months, and again after 12 months of therapy. The program consisted of dietary restriction, increased physical activity, and psychological support. The program led to a median weight loss of 24 kg and a reduction in blood pressure. Initially, lower diurnal free water clearance (- 1.08 (- 1.40-- 0.79) mL/min) was noticed compared with nocturnal values (0.75 (- 0.89-- 0.64) mL/min). After weight loss, normalization of this inverse rhythm was observed (day - 1.24 (- 1.44-1.05) mL/min and night - 0.98 (- 1.09-- 0.83) mL/min). A clear circadian rhythm in diuresis rate and in renal clearance of creatinine, solutes, sodium, and potassium was seen at all time points. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in sodium clearance. Before weight loss, daytime sodium clearance was 0.72 mL/min (0.59-0.77) and nighttime clearance was 0.46 mL/min (0.41-0.51). After weight loss, daytime clearance increased to 0.99 mL/min (0.85-1.17) and nighttime clearance increased to 0.78 mL/min (0.64-0.93).Conclusion: In obese adolescents, lower diurnal free water clearance was observed compared with nocturnal values. Weight loss led to a normalization of this inverse rhythm, suggesting a recovery of the anti-diuretic hormone activity. Both before and after weight loss, clear circadian rhythm of diuresis rate and renal clearance of creatinine, solutes, sodium, and potassium was observed.What is Known:• Obesity-related alterations in circadian rhythm have been described for nocturnal blood pressure and for metabolic functions. We believe renal circadian rhythm is disrupted in obesity, though this has not been investigated yet.What is New:• In obese adolescents, an inverse circadian rhythm of free water clearance was observed, with higher nighttime free water clearance compared with daytime values. Weight loss led to a normalization of this inverse rhythm, suggesting a recovery of the anti-diuretic hormone activity.• Circadian rhythm in diuresis rate and in the renal clearance of creatinine, solutes, sodium, and potassium was preserved in obese adolescents and did not change after weight loss.
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Brustio PR, Mulasso A, Marasso D, Ruffa C, Ballatore A, Moisè P, Lupo C, Rainoldi A, Boccia G. The Daily Mile: 15 Minutes Running Improves the Physical Fitness of Italian Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203921. [PMID: 31618975 PMCID: PMC6843651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Daily Mile™ is an innovative school-based intervention that requires children to run or jog outside for 15 min at a self-selected pace during class time. Today, only one study has investigated the efficacy of The Daily Mile on physical fitness, which was conducted with Scottish children. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of The Daily Mile in Italian primary schools. A total of 486 children participated in The Daily Mile for 3 months (experimental group), whereas 309 children continued their daily school routine (control group). The 6-min run test, standing long jump, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio were assessed. Their teachers completed surveys for assessing the intervention acceptability. After correction for age and gender, significant group × time interactions were observed in the 6-min run test and standing long jump results. In the post-test period, the experimental group showed improvement in the 6-min run test and standing long jump results. Overall, the teachers were satisfied with the program and found it suitable for their school context and easy to implement. The Daily Mile was successfully implemented and smoothly accepted in the day routine of Italian primary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- NeuroMuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10143 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-776-4708
| | - Anna Mulasso
- NeuroMuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10143 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Danilo Marasso
- School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (D.M.); (C.R.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Camilla Ruffa
- School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (D.M.); (C.R.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (D.M.); (C.R.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Moisè
- School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (D.M.); (C.R.); (A.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Corrado Lupo
- NeuroMuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10143 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Alberto Rainoldi
- NeuroMuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10143 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10143 Turin, Italy; (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.R.); (G.B.)
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among European Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression by Food Group Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071698. [PMID: 31340602 PMCID: PMC6682909 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among European children aged 2–7 years from 2006 to 2016 and to analyze these estimations by gender, country, and food group consumption. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from their inception until 27 February 2019 including cross-sectional studies and baseline measurements of cohort studies with overweight and obesity defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Both the inverse-variance fixed-effects method and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects method were used to determinate pooled prevalence estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 32 studies (n = 197,755 children) with data from 27 European countries were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence estimates of overweight/obesity in European children (aged 2–7 years) during the period 2006–2016 was 17.9% (95% CI: 15.8–20.0), and the pooled prevalence estimate of obesity was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.5–6.1). Southern European countries showed the highest prevalence of excess weight. Additional measures to address the obesity epidemic in early life should be established, especially in European countries where the prevalence of excess weight is very high.
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Polivka J, Polivka J, Pesta M, Rohan V, Celedova L, Mahajani S, Topolcan O, Golubnitschaja O. Risks associated with the stroke predisposition at young age: facts and hypotheses in light of individualized predictive and preventive approach. EPMA J 2019; 10:81-99. [PMID: 30984317 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most devastating pathologies of the early twenty-first century demonstrating 1-month case-fatality rates ranging from 13 to 35% worldwide. Though the majority of cases do occur in individuals at an advanced age, a persistently increasing portion of the patient cohorts is affected early in life. Current studies provide alarming statistics for the incidence of "young" strokes including adolescents. Young stroke is a multifactorial disease involving genetic predisposition but also a number of modifiable factors, the synergic combination of which potentiates the risks. The article analyzes the prevalence and impacts of "traditional" risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, smoking, abnormal alcohol consumption, drug abuse, overweight, hypertension, abnormal sleep patterns, and usage of hormonal contraceptives, among others. Further, less explored risks such as primary vascular dysregulation and associated symptoms characteristic for Flammer syndrome (FS) are considered, and the relevance of the FS phenotype for the stroke predisposition at young age is hypothesized. Considering the high prevalence of known genetic and modifiable risk factors in the overall predisposition to the young stroke, the risk mitigating measures are recommended including innovative screening programs by application of specialized questionnaires and biomarker panels as well as educational programs adapted to the target audiences such as children, adolescents, and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Polivka
- 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- 2Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Pilsen, and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Pilsen, and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pesta
- 2Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
- 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rohan
- 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Pilsen, and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Celedova
- 5Department of Social and Assessment Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondrej Topolcan
- 7Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- 8Radiological Clinic, UKB, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- 9Breast Cancer Research Centre, UKB, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- 10Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, UKB, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Kovacs VA, Yngve A, Spiroski I, Obreja G, Starc G, Pérez N, Rito AI, Kunešová M, Sant'Angelo VF, Meisfjord J, Bergh IH, Kelleher C, Yardim N, Pudule I, Petrauskiene A, Duleva V, Sjöberg A, Gualtieri A, Hassapidou M, Hyska J, Burazeri G, Petrescu CH, Heinen M, Takacs H, Zamrazilová H, Bosi TB, Sacchini E, Pagkalos I, Cucu A, Nardone P, Gately P, Williams J, Breda J. Prevalence of Severe Obesity among Primary School Children in 21 European Countries. Obes Facts 2019; 12:244-258. [PMID: 31030201 PMCID: PMC6547273 DOI: 10.1159/000500436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established more than 10 years ago to estimate prevalence and monitor changes in overweight and obesity in children aged 6-9 years. Since then, there have been five rounds of data collection in more than 40 countries involving more than half a million children. To date, no comparative studies with data on severe childhood obesity from European countries have been published. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to present the prevalence of severe obesity in school-aged children from 21 countries participating in COSI. METHOD The data are from cross-sectional studies in 21 European WHO member states that took part in the first three COSI rounds of data collection (2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2012/2013). School-aged children were measured using standardized instruments and methodology. Children were classified as severely obese using the definitions provided by WHO and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Analyses overtime, by child's age and mother's educational level, were performed in a select group of countries. RESULTS A total of 636,933 children were included in the analysis (323,648 boys and 313,285 girls). The prevalence of severe obesity varied greatly among countries, with higher values in Southern Europe. According to the WHO definition, severe obesity ranged from 1.0% in Swedish and Moldovan children (95% CI 0.7-1.3 and 0.7-1.5, respectively) to 5.5% (95% CI 4.9-6.1) in Maltese children. The prevalence was generally higher among boys compared to girls. The IOTF cut-offs lead to lower estimates, but confirm the differences among countries, and were more similar for both boys and girls. In many countries 1 in 4 obese children were severely obese. Applying the estimates of prevalence based on the WHO definition to the whole population of children aged 6-9 years in each country, around 398,000 children would be expected to be severely obese in the 21 European countries. The trend between 2007 and 2013 and the analysis by child's age did not show a clear pattern. Severe obesity was more common among children whose mother's educational level was lower. CONCLUSIONS Severe obesity is a serious public health issue which affects a large number of children in Europe. Because of the impact on educational, health, social care, and economic systems, obesity needs to be addressed via a range of approaches from early prevention of overweight and obesity to treatment of those who need it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Spinelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy,
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of the NCDs, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, DG of Food and Nutrition Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agneta Yngve
- Department of food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Galina Obreja
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Napoleón Pérez
- Spanish Observatory of Nutrition and Study of Obesity, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jørgen Meisfjord
- Department of Health and Inequality, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Holden Bergh
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Iveta Pudule
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agneta Sjöberg
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Hajnalka Takacs
- Semmelweis University, Karoly Racz School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hana Zamrazilová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Ioannis Pagkalos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Paola Nardone
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Gately
- Centre for Applied Obesity Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julianne Williams
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of the NCDs, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of the NCDs, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Rito AI, Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, Salanave B, Kunešová M, Hejgaard T, García Solano M, Fijałkowska A, Sturua L, Hyska J, Kelleher C, Duleva V, Musić Milanović S, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Abdrakhmanova S, Kujundzic E, Peterkova V, Gualtieri A, Pudule I, Petrauskienė A, Tanrygulyyeva M, Sherali R, Huidumac-Petrescu C, Williams J, Ahrens W, Breda J. Association between Characteristics at Birth, Breastfeeding and Obesity in 22 Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative - COSI 2015/2017. Obes Facts 2019; 12:226-243. [PMID: 31030194 PMCID: PMC6547266 DOI: 10.1159/000500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, although the prevalence of childhood obesity seems to be plateauing in some countries, progress on tackling this important public health issue remains slow and inconsistent. Breastfeeding has been described as a protective factor, and the more exclusively and the longer children are breastfed, the greater their protection from obesity. Birth weight has been shown to have a positive association with later risk for obesity. OBJECTIVES It was the aim of this paper to investigate the association of early-life factors, namely breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and birth weight, with obesity among children. METHOD Data from 22 participating countries in the WHO European COSI study (round 4: 2015/2017) were collected using cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of 6- to 9-year-olds (n = 100,583). The children's standardized weight and height measurements followed a common WHO protocol. Information on the children's birth weight and breastfeeding practice and duration was collected through a family record form. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis regarding breastfeeding practice (both general and exclusive) and characteristics at birth was performed. RESULTS The highest prevalence rates of obesity were observed in Spain (17.7%), Malta (17.2%) and Italy (16.8%). A wide between-country disparity in breastfeeding prevalence was found. Tajikistan had the highest percentage of children that were breastfed for ≥6 months (94.4%) and exclusively breastfed for ≥6 months (73.3%). In France, Ireland and Malta, only around 1 in 4 children was breastfed for ≥6 months. Italy and Malta showed the highest prevalence of obesity among children who have never been breastfed (21.2%), followed by Spain (21.0%). The pooled analysis showed that, compared to children who were breastfed for at least 6 months, the odds of being obese were higher among children never breastfed or breastfed for a shorter period, both in case of general (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] [95% CI] 1.22 [1.16-1.28] and 1.12 [1.07-1.16], respectively) and exclusive breastfeeding (adjOR [95% CI] 1.25 [1.17-1.36] and 1.05 [0.99-1.12], respectively). Higher birth weight was associated with a higher risk of being overweight, which was reported in 11 out of the 22 countries. Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Italy, Poland and Romania showed that children who were preterm at birth had higher odds of being obese, compared to children who were full-term babies. CONCLUSION The present work confirms the beneficial effect of breastfeeding against obesity, which was highly increased if children had never been breastfed or had been breastfed for a shorter period. Nevertheless, adoption of exclusive breastfeeding is below global recommendations and far from the target endorsed by the WHO Member States at the World Health Assembly Global Targets for Nutrition of increasing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months up to at least 50% by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Rito
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal,
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- NCD Office, WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marie Kunešová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Obesity Management Centre, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lela Sturua
- NCD Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jolanda Hyska
- Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cecily Kelleher
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Enisa Kujundzic
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Iveta Pudule
- Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aušra Petrauskienė
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maya Tanrygulyyeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Department for Organization and Provision of the Medical Care to Mother, Child and Family Planning, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Constanta Huidumac-Petrescu
- National Health Assessment and Promotion Center, National Institute of Public Health Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Julianne Williams
- NCD Office, WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - João Breda
- NCD Office, WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Predictors of weight status in school-aged children: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:1299-1306. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Malden S, Hughes AR, Gibson AM, Bardid F, Androutsos O, De Craemer M, Manios Y, Summerbell C, Cardon G, Reilly JJ. Adapting the ToyBox obesity prevention intervention for use in Scottish preschools: protocol for a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023707. [PMID: 30368450 PMCID: PMC6224766 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an increasing need for the adoption of effective preschool obesity prevention interventions to combat the high levels of early-childhood obesity in the UK. This study will examine the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted version of the ToyBox intervention-a preschool obesity prevention programme-for use in Scotland (ToyBox-Scotland). This will inform the design of a full-scale cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The ToyBox-Scotland intervention will be evaluated using a feasibility cluster RCT, which involves children aged 3-5 years at six preschools in Glasgow, three randomly assigned to the intervention group and three to the usual-care control group. The original ToyBox intervention was adapted for the Scottish context using a coproduction approach. Within the 18-week intervention, physical activity and sedentary behaviour will be targeted in the preschool through environmental changes to the classroom, physical activity sessions and movement breaks. Parents will receive home activity packs every 3 weeks containing sticker incentives and interactive parent-child games that target sedentary behaviour, physical activity, eating/snacking and water consumption. As this is a feasibility study, parameters such as recruitment rates, attrition rates and SDs of outcome measures will be obtained which will inform a power calculation for a future RCT. Additional variables to be assessed include accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep, body mass index, home screen time, eating/snacking and water consumption. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 14-17 weeks later. Intervention fidelity will be assessed using questionnaires and interviews with parents and practitioners, observation and session delivery records. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was granted ethical approval by the University of Strathclyde's School of Psychological Sciences and Health Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, presentation at conferences and in lay summaries provided to participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12831555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Malden
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrienne R Hughes
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Gibson
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Farid Bardid
- School of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, UK
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham City, UK
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, UK
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Mohseni R, Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Goodarzi MT, Teimouri M, Nourbakhsh M, Razzaghy Azar M. Evaluation of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression in childhood obesity: its association with insulin resistance. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:727-732. [PMID: 29953407 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression antioxidant enzymes (Mn-SOD and CAT) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of obese and normal-weight children, and its association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Methods Thirty obese and 30 control subjects between the ages of 8 and 16 years were enrolled in this study. Serum insulin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Biochemical parameters were also measured. PBMCs of the subjects were separated and Mn-SOD and CAT gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Mn-SOD and CAT gene expression was significantly lower in the obese group compared with the control group (p<0.01). Also, a positive correlation was observed between the gene expression of Mn-SOD and CAT and body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusions Induction of antioxidants, especially Mn-SOD and CAT, can lead to reduction of oxidative stress and prevent the complications of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran, Phone: +988138380462
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Erdei G, Bakacs M, Illés É, Nagy B, Kaposvári C, Mák E, Nagy ES, Cserháti Z, Kovács VA. Substantial variation across geographic regions in the obesity prevalence among 6-8 years old Hungarian children (COSI Hungary 2016). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:611. [PMID: 29743055 PMCID: PMC5944005 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been previous representative nutritional status surveys conducted in Hungary, but this is the first one that examines overweight and obesity prevalence according to the level of urbanization and in different geographic regions among 6–8-year-old children. We also assessed whether these variations were different by sex. Methods This survey was part of the fourth data collection round of World Health Organization (WHO) Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative which took place during the academic year 2016/2017. The representative sample was determined by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 5332 children (48.4% boys; age 7.54 ± 0.64 years) were measured from all seven geographic regions including urban (at least 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1598), semi-urban (100 to 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1932) and rural (less than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1802) areas. Results Using the WHO reference, prevalence of overweight and obesity within the whole sample were 14.2, and 12.7%, respectively. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, rates were 12.6 and 8.6%. Northern Hungary and Southern Transdanubia were the regions with the highest obesity prevalence of 11.0 and 12.0%, while Central Hungary was the one with the lowest obesity rate (6.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be higher in rural areas (13.0 and 9.8%) than in urban areas (11.9 and 7.0%). Concerning differences in sex, girls had higher obesity risk in rural areas (OR = 2.0) but boys did not. Odds ratios were 2.0–3.4 in different regions for obesity compared to Central Hungary, but only among boys. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in Hungary. Remarkable differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity by geographic regions. These variations can only be partly explained by geographic characteristics. Trial registration Study protocol was approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council (61158–2/2016/EKU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Erdei
- School of PhD Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary. .,Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. .,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Éva Illés
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Barbara Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kaposvári
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mák
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sarkadi Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cserháti
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Viktória Anna Kovács
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
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45
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Anzman-Frasca S, Ventura AK, Ehrenberg S, Myers KP. Promoting healthy food preferences from the start: a narrative review of food preference learning from the prenatal period through early childhood. Obes Rev 2018; 19:576-604. [PMID: 29266778 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The palatable, energy-dense foods that characterize modern environments can promote unhealthy eating habits, along with humans' predispositions to accept sweet tastes and reject those that are sour or bitter. Yet food preferences are malleable, and examining food preference learning during early life can highlight ways to promote acceptance of healthier foods. This narrative review describes research from the past 10 years focused on food preference learning from the prenatal period through early childhood (ages 2-5 years). Exposure to a variety of healthy foods from the start, including during the prenatal period, early milk-feeding and the introduction to complementary foods and beverages, can support subsequent acceptance of those foods. Yet development is plastic, and healthier food preferences can still be promoted after infancy. In early childhood, research supports starting with the simplest strategies, such as repeated exposure and modelling, reserving other strategies for use when needed to motivate the initial tasting necessary for repeated exposure effects to begin. This review can help caregivers and practitioners to promote the development of healthy food preferences early in life. Specific implementation recommendations, the role of individual differences and next steps for research in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anzman-Frasca
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A K Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - S Ehrenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K P Myers
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
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46
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Bel-Serrat S, Heinen MM, Mehegan J, O'Brien S, Eldin N, Murrin CM, Kelleher CC. School sociodemographic characteristics and obesity in schoolchildren: does the obesity definition matter? BMC Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29523113 PMCID: PMC5845160 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence on the role of sociodemographic variables as risk factors for overweight and obesity in school-aged children is inconsistent. Furthermore, findings seem to be influenced by the obesity definition applied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if school sociodemographic indicators were associated with weight status in Irish primary schoolchildren and whether this association was sensitive to different obesity classification systems. METHODS A nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 7542 Irish children (53.9% girls), mean age 10.4 (±1.2SD) years, participating in the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in the 2010, 2012/2013 or 2015/2016 waves were included. Height, weight and waist circumference were objectively measured. Five definitions of obesity were employed using different approaches for either body mass index (BMI) or abdominal obesity. Associations between overweight and obesity and sociodemographic variables were investigated using adjusted multilevel logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Children attending disadvantaged schools were more likely to be overweight and obese than their peers attending non-disadvantaged schools, regardless of the obesity classification system used. Associations remained significant for the BMI-based obesity definitions when the sample was stratified by sex and age group, except for boys aged 8-10.5 years. Only boys aged ≥10.5 years in disadvantaged schools had higher odds of abdominal obesity (UK 1990 waist circumference growth charts: OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.09-2.24; waist-to-height ratio: OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.14-2.79) than those in non-disadvantaged schools. No associations were observed for school urbanisation level. CONCLUSIONS School socioeconomic status was a strong determinant of overweight and obesity in Irish schoolchildren, and these associations were age- and sex-dependent. School location was not associated with overweight or obesity. There remains a need to intervene with school-aged children in disadvantaged schools, specifically among those approaching adolescence, to prevent a trajectory of obesity into adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bel-Serrat
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mirjam M Heinen
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sarah O'Brien
- Healthy Eating & Active Living Programme, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Celine M Murrin
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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47
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Sánchez-Martínez F, Juárez O, Serral G, Valmayor S, Puigpinós R, Pasarín MI, Díez É, Ariza C. A childhood obesity prevention programme in Barcelona (POIBA Project): Study protocol of the intervention. J Public Health Res 2018; 7:1129. [PMID: 29780761 PMCID: PMC5941252 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2018.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity preventive interventions should promote a healthy diet and physical activity at home and school. This study aims to describe a school-based childhood obesity preventive programme (POIBA Project) targeting 8-to-12- year-olds. DESIGN AND METHODS Evaluation study of a school-based intervention with a pre-post quasi-experimental design and a comparison group. Schools from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are oversampled. The intervention consists of 9 sessions, including 58 activities of a total duration between 9 and 13 hours, and the booster intervention of 2 sessions with 8 activities lasting 3 or 4 hours. They are multilevel (individual, family and school) and multicomponent (classroom, physical activity and family). Data are collected through anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests and lifestyle surveys before and after the intervention and the booster intervention. In the intervention group, families complete two questionnaires about their children's eating habits and physical activity. The outcome variable is the cumulative incidence rate of obesity, obtained from body mass index values and body fat assessed by triceps skinfold thickness. The independent variables are socio-demographic, contextual, eating habits, food frequency, intensity of physical activity and use of new technologies. EXPECTED IMPACT FOR PUBLIC HEALTH It is essential to implement preventive interventions at early ages and to follow its effects over time. Interventions involving diet and physical activity are the most common, being the most effective setting the school. The POIBA Project intervenes in both the school and family setting and focuses on the most disadvantaged groups, in which obesity is most pronounced and difficult to prevent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Servicio de Evaluación y Métodos de Intervención, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. +34.93.202.7717 - +34.93.217.3197.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carles Ariza
- *Evaluation Group of the POIBA Project: Carles Ariza, Carme Cortina, Elia Díez, Olga Juárez, Concha Lorenzo, Maribel Pasarín, Dolors Roca, Natalia Sagarra, Francesca Sánchez-Martínez, Gemma Serral, Elisabet Suades and Sara Valmayor (Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona); Conxa Castell, Eulalia Roure (Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya); Núria Lozano (Institut Barcelona Esports); Marc Llinàs (Consell Català de l’Esport); Albert Moncada (Ajuntament de Terrassa); Luis Rajmil (Agència de Qualitat I Avaluació Sanitàries (AQuAS); Yolanda Montero (Institut Municipal d’Educació de Barcelona); Eduard Ortega (ABS Nova Lloreda de Badalona)
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Khashayar P, Kasaeian A, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Noroozi M, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors in Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis; the CASPIAN-IV Study. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:393. [PMID: 30622935 PMCID: PMC6308200 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore multidimensional factors related to childhood obesity and overweight based on the data gathered on different aspects of the general health status were assessed among a large number of Iranian children and adolescents in the fourth phase of the "Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease" survey. It also aims to determine the degree to which each ecological context contributes to childhood overweight/obesity. Method: A total of 14,880 students and their parents were recruited. They filled out a questionnaire on their relationship with peers, body image, and psychosocial environment of school, dietary habits, life-style habits, physical activity pattern and socioeconomic status (SES). Their height, weight, was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity and overweight was defined based on the WHO growth chart. Multilevel modeling using three-level random intercept logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of overweight and obesity. In our hierarchical models, children (first level) were conceptualized as being nested within provinces (second level) and provinces within quad regions (third level). Result: From among the 13,486 recruited students, 9.7% were overweight and 11.9% were obese. In multivariate model (adjusted model), being boy (OR:1.58), living in urban area (OR:1.58), having positive family history of obesity (OR = 2.04), breakfast skipping (OR: 1.46), socioeconomic status (OR moderateSES/lowSES = 1.44 and OR highSES/lowSES = 1.89), and birth weight (BW) (OR normalBW/lowBW = 1.33 and OR highBW/lowBW = 1.8) were associated with childhood obesity. Increasing age was the only factor in the obesity model that had a significant preventive effect on the odds of becoming obese (OR = 0.96, P < 0.001). In multivariate model, living in urban area, increasing age, high and moderate SES, high BW and family history of obesity were the significant predictors of overweight. Conclusion: Our findings show that high BW, sociodemographic characteristics, breakfast skipping, and family history of obesity are associated with childhood obesity and overweight. Therefore, developing strategies that consider the effects of diverse sociodemographic and environmental factors on childhood overweight and obesity would be the most effective way to prevent and manage this multifactorial health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Khashayar
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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49
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Kovacs VA, Bakacs M, Kaposvari C, Illes E, Erdei G, Martos E, Breda J. Weight Status of 7-Year-Old Hungarian Children between 2010 and 2016 Using Different Classifications (COSI Hungary). Obes Facts 2018; 11:195-205. [PMID: 29788023 PMCID: PMC6103376 DOI: 10.1159/000487327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity in Hungarian children (age 7.0-7.9 years) according to different classifications, to assess the progress between 2010 and 2016, and to investigate whether tendencies differ according to gender. METHODS A national representative sample was generated by two-stage cluster sampling, and a total of 2,651 children (50.9% boys; age 7.49 ± 0.3 years) were measured (weight and height) in October 2016. Population estimates were calculated using the WHO, IOTF, and national cut-offs. RESULTS Prevalence of thinness (including grade 1 and 2) was 12.6% based on the IOTF criteria and 15.6% based on the WHO definition. 22.5% of children were identified as overweight or obese according to the IOTF classification, compared with 28.4% according to the WHO definition. Between 2010 and 2016, each classification indicated possible stability in overweight and obesity prevalence. In contrast, the prevalence of thinness grade 2 almost doubled in 6 years according to all definitions (p < 0.05). No significant gender difference was observed in the progress. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity appeared to be stable over 6 years, but we detected growing thinness rates. Routine collection of high-quality data that are based on standardized and comparable methods is essential to monitor the childhood obesity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
- *Viktoria Anna Kovacs, MD PhD, Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Florian u. 3/a, 1097 Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Marta Bakacs
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kaposvari
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Illes
- Division of Nutrition Physiology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergo Erdei
- Division of Applied Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Martos
- University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joao Breda
- World Health Organization, European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
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50
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Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Moreno Aznar L, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Vizcaino V. Prevalence and trends of thinness, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 3-18 years across Europe: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018241. [PMID: 29273660 PMCID: PMC5778300 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing prevalence of both thinness and excess weight during childhood and adolescence is a significant public health issue because of short-term health consequences and long-term tracking of weight status. Monitoring weight status in Europe may serve to identify countries and regions where rates of these disorders are either slowing down or increasing to evaluate recent policies aimed at appropriate body weight, and to direct future interventions. This study protocol provides a standardised and transparent methodology to improve estimating trends of thinness, overweight and obesity in children aged 3-18 years and adolescents across the European region between 2000 and 2017. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. To identify relevant studies, a search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From the selected studies, relevant references will be screened as supplemental sources. Finally, open search in websites from health institutions will be conducted to identify weight status data not published in scientific journals. Cross-sectional, follow-up studies and panel surveys reporting weight status (objectively measured height and weight) according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and written in English or Spanish will be included. Subgroup analyses will be carried out by gender, age, study year and country or European region. DISCUSSION This study will provide a comprehensive description of weight status of children and adolescents across Europe from 2000 to 2017. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This study will use data exclusively from published research or institutional literature, so institutional ethical approval is not required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017056917.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBERESP, and IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Moreno Aznar
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón(IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro deInvestigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición(CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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