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Epron D, Mochidome T. Methane concentration in the heartwood of living trees in a cold temperate mountain forest: variation, transport and emission. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae122. [PMID: 39283730 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Forest soils are the largest terrestrial sink of methane (CH4), but CH4 produced in tree trunks by methanogenic archaea and emitted into the atmosphere can significantly offset CH4 oxidation in the soil. However, our mechanistic understanding of CH4 accumulation in tree trunks, in relation to CH4 emission from the trunk surface, is still limited. We characterized temporal variations in the molar fraction of CH4 in the heartwood of trees ([CH4]HW) of four different species in a mountain forest and addressed the relationship between [CH4]HW and emission from the surface of the trunk (${F}_{CH_4}$), in connection with the characteristics of the wood. [CH4]HW measurements were made monthly for 15 months using gas-porous tubes permanently inserted into the trunk. [CH4]HW were above ambient CH4 molar fraction for all trees, lower than 100 p.p.m. for seven trees, higher for the nine other trees and greater than 200,000 p.p.m. (>20%) for two of these nine trees. [CH4]HW varied monthly but were not primarily determined by trunk temperature. Heartwood diffusive resistance for CH4 was variable between trees, not only due to heartwood characteristics but probably also related to source location. ${F}_{CH_4}$were weakly correlated with [CH4]HW measured a few days after. The resulting apparent diffusion coefficient was also variable between trees suggesting variations in the size and location of the CH4 production sites as well as resistance to gas transport within the trunk. Our results highlight the challenges that must be overcome before CH4 emissions can be simulated at the tree level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Epron
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Mochidome
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Karim MR, Halim MA, Thomas SC. Foliar methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in tropical tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176503. [PMID: 39343402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are critical biogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) with global warming potentials substantially greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The exchange of these gases in tropical forests, particularly via foliar processes, remains poorly understood. We quantified foliar CH₄ and N₂O fluxes among tropical tree species and examined their potential association with the leaf economics spectrum (LES) traits. Sampling within Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh, we used in-situ measurements of foliar CH₄ and N₂O fluxes employing off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (CH₄, CO₂ and H₂O) and optical feedback-cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (N₂O) analyzers. Leaves were measured under dark, low, and high (0, 100, and 1000 μmol·m-2·s-1) light conditions. Surveyed tree species exhibited both net foliar uptake and efflux of CH₄, with a mean flux not different from zero, suggesting negligible net foliar emissions at the stand level. Plant families showed differences in CH₄, but not N₂O fluxes. Consistent efflux was observed for N₂O, with a mean of 0.562 ± 0.060 pmol·m-2·s-1. Pioneer species exhibited a higher mean N₂O flux (0.81 ± 0.17 pmol·m-2·s-1) compared to late-successional species (0.37 ± 0.05 pmol·m-2·s-1). Pioneer species also showed a trend toward a higher mean CH₄ flux (0.24 ± 0.21 nmol·m-2·s-1) compared to mid-successional (-0.01 ± 0.26 nmol·m-2·s-1) and late-successional species (-0.05 ± 0.28 nmol·m-2·s-1). Moreover, among all leaf traits within the leaf economic spectrum, a significant positive relationship was observed between leaf N₂O flux and total leaf nitrogen. Our results suggest that pioneer tree species significantly contribute to net CH₄ and N₂O emissions, potentially counteracting the carbon sequestration benefits in regenerating tropical forests. These findings indicate that accurate GHG budgeting should include direct measurements of foliar CH₄ and N₂O fluxes. Moreover, the results suggest that forest conservation and management strategies that prioritize late successional species will better mitigate GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Karim
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St. Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada.
| | - Md Abdul Halim
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St. Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St. Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
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3
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Klaus M, Öquist M, Macháčová K. Tree stem-atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes in a boreal riparian forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176243. [PMID: 39278477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Tree stems exchange greenhouse gases with the atmosphere but the magnitude, variability and drivers of these fluxes remain poorly understood. Here, we report stem fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a boreal riparian forest, and investigate their spatiotemporal variability and ecosystem level importance. For two years, we measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes on a monthly basis in 14 spruces (Picea abies) and 14 birches (Betula pendula) growing near a headwater stream affected by historic ditching. We also measured N2O fluxes on three occasions. All tree stems were net emitters of CO2 and CH4, while N2O fluxes were around zero. CO2 fluxes correlated strongly with air temperature and peaked in summer. CH4 fluxes correlated modestly with air temperature and solar radiation and peaked in late winter and summer. Trees with larger stem diameter emitted more CO2 and less CH4 and trees closer to the stream emitted more CO2 and CH4. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes did not differ between spruce and birch, but correlations of CO2 fluxes with stem diameter and distance to stream differed between the tree species. The absence of vertical trends in CO2 and CH4 fluxes along the stems and their low correlation with groundwater levels and soil CO2 and CH4 partial pressures suggest tree internal production as the primary source of stem emissions. At the ecosystem level, the stem CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions represented 52 ± 16 % of the forest floor CO2 emissions and 3 ± 1 % and 11 ± 40 % of the forest floor CH4 and N2O uptake, respectively, during the snow-free period (median ± SE). The six month snow-cover period contributed 11 ± 45 % and 40 ± 29 % to annual stem CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively. Overall, the stem gas fluxes were more typical for upland rather than wetland ecosystems likely due to historic ditching and subsequent groundwater level decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klaus
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mats Öquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kateřina Macháčová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Moisan MA, Lajoie G, Constant P, Martineau C, Maire V. How tree traits modulate tree methane fluxes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173730. [PMID: 38839018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Trees can play different roles in the regulation of fluxes of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential 83 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. Forest soils have the greatest potential for methane uptake compared to other land uses. In addition to their influence on soil CH4 fluxes, trees can act directly as a source or sink of CH4, by transporting CH4 produced in the soil and harbouring the key microorganisms involved in CH4 production and consumption (methanogens and methanotrophs). Tree CH4 fluxes can vary between species characterized by different traits that influence transport and modify the availability of CH4 reaction substrates as well as the habitat for methanogens and methanotrophs. Despite their important role in modulating CH4 fluxes from forest ecosystems, the identity and role of tree traits influencing these fluxes are poorly consolidated in the literature. The objectives of this paper are to 1) Review the functional traits of trees associated with their role in the regulation of CH4 emissions; 2) Assess the importance of inter-specific variability in CH4 fluxes via a global analysis of tree methane fluxes in the literature. Our review highlights that differences in CH4 fluxes between tree species and individuals can be explained by a diversity of traits influencing CH4 transport and microbial production of CH4 such as wood density and secondary metabolites. We propose a functional classification for trees based on the key traits associated with a function in CH4 emissions. We identified the fast-growing species with low wood density, species adapted to flood and species vulnerable to rot as functional groups which can be net sources of CH4 in conditions favorable to CH4 production. The global analysis further demonstrated the importance of taxonomy, with other factors such as land type and season in explaining variability in tree CH4 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ange Moisan
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada; Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Philippe Constant
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Carmichael MJ, Martinez M, Bräuer SL, Ardón M. Microbial Communities in Standing Dead Trees in Ghost Forests are Largely Aerobic, Saprophytic, and Methanotrophic. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:229. [PMID: 38896154 PMCID: PMC11186919 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Standing dead trees (snags) are recognized for their influence on methane (CH4) cycling in coastal wetlands, yet the biogeochemical processes that control the magnitude and direction of fluxes across the snag-atmosphere interface are not fully elucidated. Herein, we analyzed microbial communities and fluxes at one height from ten snags in a ghost forest wetland. Snag-atmosphere CH4 fluxes were highly variable (- 0.11-0.51 mg CH4 m-2 h-1). CH4 production was measured in three out of ten snags; whereas, CH4 consumption was measured in two out of ten snags. Potential CH4 production and oxidation in one core from each snag was assayed in vitro. A single core produced CH4 under anoxic and oxic conditions, at measured rates of 0.7 and 0.6 ng CH4 g-1 h-1, respectively. Four cores oxidized CH4 under oxic conditions, with an average rate of - 1.13 ± 0.31 ng CH4 g-1 h-1. Illumina sequencing of the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed diverse microbial communities and indicated oxidative decomposition of deadwood. Methanogens were present in 20% of the snags, with a mean relative abundance of < 0.0001%. Methanotrophs were identified in all snags, with a mean relative abundance of 2% and represented the sole CH4-cycling communities in 80% of the snags. These data indicate potential for microbial attenuation of CH4 emissions across the snag-atmosphere interface in ghost forests. A better understanding of the environmental drivers of snag-associated microbial communities is necessary to forecast the response of CH4 cycling in coastal ghost forest wetlands to a shifting coastal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Carmichael
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA, 24020, USA.
| | - Melinda Martinez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Suzanna L Bräuer
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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6
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Law SJ, Allison SD, Davies AB, Flores-Moreno H, Wijas BJ, Yatsko AR, Zhou Y, Zanne AE, Eggleton P. The challenge of estimating global termite methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17390. [PMID: 38899583 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, more potent than carbon dioxide, and emitted from a variety of natural sources including wetlands, permafrost, mammalian guts and termites. As increases in global temperatures continue to break records, quantifying the magnitudes of key methane sources has never been more pertinent. Over the last 40 years, the contribution of termites to the global methane budget has been subject to much debate. The most recent estimates of termite emissions range between 9 and 15 Tg CH4 year-1, approximately 4% of emissions from natural sources (excluding wetlands). However, we argue that the current approach for estimating termite contributions to the global methane budget is flawed. Key parameters, namely termite methane emissions from soil, deadwood, living tree stems, epigeal mounds and arboreal nests, are largely ignored in global estimates. This omission occurs because data are lacking and research objectives, crucially, neglect variation in termite ecology. Furthermore, inconsistencies in data collection methods prohibit the pooling of data required to compute global estimates. Here, we summarise the advances made over the last 40 years and illustrate how different aspects of termite ecology can influence the termite contribution to global methane emissions. Additionally, we highlight technological advances that may help researchers investigate termite methane emissions on a larger scale. Finally, we consider dynamic feedback mechanisms of climate warming and land-use change on termite methane emissions. We conclude that ultimately the global contribution of termites to atmospheric methane remains unknown and thus present an alternative framework for estimating their emissions. To significantly improve estimates, we outline outstanding questions to guide future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Law
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Steven D Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew B Davies
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Abbey R Yatsko
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Polvinen T, Salmon Y, Paljakka T, Pihlatie M. Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2440-2452. [PMID: 38549455 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Shoot-level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree-derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes. We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought-induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot-level production of CH4 from soil-derived transport and photosynthesis. We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought-induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds. Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis-related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short-term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A M Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatu Polvinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Paljakka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Ward ND, Megonigal JP. Researchers barking up (the right) tree find new mechanisms controlling methane transport by woody vegetation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:5-7. [PMID: 38291675 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Jeffrey et al. (2024), 242: 49–60.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 355351, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J P Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
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Jeffrey LC, Johnston SG, Tait DR, Dittmann J, Maher DT. Rapid bark-mediated tree stem methane transport occurs independently of the transpiration stream in Melaleuca quinquenervia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:49-60. [PMID: 37984803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tree stem methane emissions are important components of lowland forest methane budgets. The potential for species-specific behaviour among co-occurring lowland trees with contrasting bark characteristics has not been investigated. We compare bark-mediated methane transport in two common lowland species of contrasting bark characteristics (Melaleuca quinquenervia featuring spongy/layered bark with longitudinally continuous airspaces and Casuarina glauca featuring hard/dense common bark) through several manipulative experiments. First, the progressive cutting through M. quinquenervia bark layers caused exponential increases in methane fluxes (c. 3 orders of magnitude); however, sapwood-only fluxes were lower, suggesting that upward/axial methane transport occurs between bark layers. Second, concentrated methane pulse-injections into exposed M. quinquenervia bark, revealed rapid axial methane transport rates (1.42 mm s-1 ), which were further supported through laboratory-simulated experiments (1.41 mm s-1 ). Laboratory-simulated radial CH4 diffusion rates (through bark) were c. 20-times slower. Finally, girdling M. quinquenervia stems caused a near-instantaneous decrease in methane flux immediately above the cut. By contrast, girdling C. glauca displayed persistent, though diminished, methane fluxes. Overall, the experiments revealed evidence for rapid 'between-bark' methane transport independent from the transpiration stream in M. quinquenervia, which facilitates diffusive axial transport from the rhizosphere and/or sapwood sources. This contrasts with the slower, radial 'through-bark' diffusive-dominated gas transportation in C. glauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Johannes Dittmann
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Hasler N, Williams CA, Denney VC, Ellis PW, Shrestha S, Terasaki Hart DE, Wolff NH, Yeo S, Crowther TW, Werden LK, Cook-Patton SC. Accounting for albedo change to identify climate-positive tree cover restoration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2275. [PMID: 38531896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Restoring tree cover changes albedo, which is the fraction of sunlight reflected from the Earth's surface. In most locations, these changes in albedo offset or even negate the carbon removal benefits with the latter leading to global warming. Previous efforts to quantify the global climate mitigation benefit of restoring tree cover have not accounted robustly for albedo given a lack of spatially explicit data. Here we produce maps that show that carbon-only estimates may be up to 81% too high. While dryland and boreal settings have especially severe albedo offsets, it is possible to find places that provide net-positive climate mitigation benefits in all biomes. We further find that on-the-ground projects are concentrated in these more climate-positive locations, but that the majority still face at least a 20% albedo offset. Thus, strategically deploying restoration of tree cover for maximum climate benefit requires accounting for albedo change and we provide the tools to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hasler
- George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter W Ellis
- Tackle Climate Change Team, The Nature Conservancy, Portland, ME, USA
| | | | - Drew E Terasaki Hart
- Tackle Climate Change Team, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA
- CSIRO Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Yeo
- Tackle Climate Change Team, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA
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11
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Gautam H, Khan S, Nidhi, Sofo A, Khan NA. Appraisal of the Role of Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Thermo-Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:791. [PMID: 38592775 PMCID: PMC10975175 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A significant threat to the ongoing rise in temperature caused by global warming. Plants have many stress-resistance mechanisms, which is responsible for maintaining plant homeostasis. Abiotic stresses largely increase gaseous molecules' synthesis in plants. The study of gaseous signaling molecules has gained attention in recent years. The role of gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and ethylene, in plants under temperature high-temperature stress are discussed in the current review. Recent studies revealed the critical function that gaseous molecules play in controlling plant growth and development and their ability to respond to various abiotic stresses. Here, we provide a thorough overview of current advancements that prevent heat stress-related plant damage via gaseous molecules. We also explored and discussed the interaction of gaseous molecules. In addition, we provided an overview of the role played by gaseous molecules in high-temperature stress responses, along with a discussion of the knowledge gaps and how this may affect the development of high-temperature-resistant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Gautam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nidhi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Liao X, Wang Y, Malghani S, Zhu X, Cai W, Qin Z, Wang F. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170062. [PMID: 38220023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 μg m-2 h-1 for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 μg m-2 h-1 for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 μg m-2 h-1) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 μg m-2 h-1) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 ± 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 ± 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Zhang R, Xu Q, Song Z, Wu J, Chen H, Bai X, Wang N, Chen Y, Huang D. Manipulating soil microbial community assembly by the cooperation of exogenous bacteria and biochar for establishing an efficient and healthy CH 4 biofiltration system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141319. [PMID: 38286313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the methanotroph (MOB) composition and microbial diversity is a promising strategy to optimize the methane (CH4) biofiltration efficiency of an engineered landfill cover soil (LCS) system. Inoculating soil with exogenous MOB-rich bacteria and amending soil with biochar show strong manipulating potential, but how the two stimuli interactively shape the microbial community structure and diversity has not been clarified. Therefore, three types of soils with active CH4 activities, including paddy soil, river wetland soil, and LCS were selected for enriching MOB-dominated communities (abbreviated as B_PS, B_RWS, and B_LCS, respectively). They were then inoculated to LCS which was amended with two distinct biochar. Besides the aerobic CH4 oxidation efficiencies, the evolution of the three microbial communities during the MOB enrichment processes and their colonization in two-biochar amended LCS were obtained. During the MOB enriching, a lag phase in CH4 consumption was observed merely for B_LCS. Type II MOB Methylocystis was the primary MOB for both B_PS and B_LCS; while type I MOB dominated for B_RWS and the major species were altered by gas concentrations. Compared to biochar, a more critical role was demonstrated for the bacteria inoculation in determining the community diversity and function of LCS. Instead, biochar modified the community structures by mainly stimulating the dominant MOB but could induce stochastic processes in community assembly, possibly related to its inorganic nutrients. Particularly, combined with biochar advantages, the paddy soil-derived bacteria consortiums with diverse MOB species demonstrated the potent adaption to LCS niches, not only retaining the high CH4-oxidizing capacities but also shaping a community structure with more diverse soil function. The results provided new insights into the optimization of an engineered CH4-mitigation soil system by manipulating the soil microbiomes with the cooperation of exogenous bacteria and biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujie Zhang
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zilong Song
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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14
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Kohl L, Lohila A, Pihlatie M, Li X, Laine AM, Anttila J, Putkinen A, Wang W, Koskinen M. Plant-mediated CH 4 exchange in wetlands: A review of mechanisms and measurement methods with implications for modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169662. [PMID: 38159777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-mediated CH4 transport (PMT) is the dominant pathway through which soil-produced CH4 can escape into the atmosphere and thus plays an important role in controlling ecosystem CH4 emission. PMT is affected by abiotic and biotic factors simultaneously, and the effects of biotic factors, such as the dominant plant species and their traits, can override the effects of abiotic factors. Increasing evidence shows that plant-mediated CH4 fluxes include not only PMT, but also within-plant CH4 production and oxidation due to the detection of methanogens and methanotrophs attached to the shoots. Despite the inter-species and seasonal differences, and the probable contribution of within-plant microbes to total plant-mediated CH4 exchange (PME), current process-based ecosystem models only estimate PMT based on the bulk biomass or leaf area index of aerenchymatous plants. We highlight five knowledge gaps to which more research efforts should be devoted. First, large between-species variation, even within the same family, complicates general estimation of PMT, and calls for further work on the key dominant species in different types of wetlands. Second, the interface (rhizosphere-root, root-shoot, or leaf-atmosphere) and plant traits controlling PMT remain poorly documented, but would be required for generalizations from species to relevant functional groups. Third, the main environmental controls of PMT across species remain uncertain. Fourth, the role of within-plant CH4 production and oxidation is poorly quantified. Fifth, the simplistic description of PMT in current process models results in uncertainty and potentially high errors in predictions of the ecosystem CH4 flux. Our review suggest that flux measurements should be conducted over multiple growing seasons and be paired with trait assessment and microbial analysis, and that trait-based models should be developed. Only then we are capable to accurately estimate plant-mediated CH4 emissions, and eventually ecosystem total CH4 emissions at both regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuefei Li
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 1237, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Anttila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Weifeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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15
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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16
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Barba J, Brewer PE, Pangala SR, Machacova K. Methane emissions from tree stems - current knowledge and challenges: an introduction to a Virtual Issue. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1377-1380. [PMID: 38267825 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on the Virtual Issue ‘Methane emissions from tree stems – current knowledge and challenges’ that includes the following papers: Barba et al. (2019), Bréchet et al. (2021), Covey & Megonigal (2019), Feng et al. (2022), Flanagan et al. (2021), Jeffrey et al. (2019, 2021, 2023), Kohl et al. (2019), Machacova et al. (2021a,b, 2023), Megonigal et al. (2020), Pangala et al. (2013, 2014), Pitz & Megonigal (2017), Plain et al. (2019), Putkinen et al. (2021), Sjögersten et al. (2020), Takahashi et al. (2022), Tenhovirta et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2016), and Yip et al. (2018). Access the Virtual Issue at www.newphytologist.com/virtualissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- CREAF, E-08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paul E Brewer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 84287, USA
| | - Sunitha R Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Sobanaa M, Prathiviraj R, Selvin J, Prathaban M. A comprehensive review on methane's dual role: effects in climate change and potential as a carbon-neutral energy source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10379-10394. [PMID: 37884720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented population and anthropogenic activity rise have challenged the future look up for shifts in global temperature and climate patterns. Anthropogenic activities such as land fillings, building dams, wetlands converting to lands, combustion of biomass, deforestation, mining, and the gas and coal industries have directly or indirectly increased catastrophic methane (CH4) emissions at an alarming rate. Methane is 25 times more potent trapping heat when compared to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. A rise in atmospheric methane, on a 20-year time scale, has an impact of 80 times greater than that of CO2. With increased population growth, waste generation is rising and is predicted to reach 6 Mt by 2025. CH4 emitted from landfills is a significant source that accounts for 40% of overall global methane emissions. Various mitigation and emissions reduction strategies could significantly reduce the global CH4 burden at a cost comparable to the parallel and necessary CO2 reduction measures, reversing the CH4 burden to pathways that achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. CH4 mitigation directly benefits climate change, has collateral impacts on the economy, human health, and agriculture, and considerably supports CO2 mitigation. Utilizing the CO2 from the environment, methanogens produce methane and lower their carbon footprint. NGOs and the general public should act on time to overcome atmospheric methane emissions by utilizing the raw source for producing carbon-neutral fuel. However, more research potential is required for green energy production and to consider investigating the untapped potential of methanogens for dependable energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sobanaa
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | | | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Munisamy Prathaban
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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18
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Anttila J, Tikkasalo OP, Hölttä T, Lintunen A, Vainio E, Leppä K, Haikarainen IP, Koivula H, Ghasemi Falk H, Kohl L, Launiainen S, Pihlatie M. Model of methane transport in tree stems: Case study of sap flow and radial diffusion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:140-155. [PMID: 37712449 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The transport processes of methane (CH4 ) in tree stems remain largely unknown, although they are critical in assessing the whole-forest CH4 dynamics. We used a physically based dynamic model to study the spatial and diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 transport and fluxes. We parameterised the model using data from laboratory experiments with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula and compared the model to experimental data from a field study. Stem CH4 flux in laboratory and field conditions were explained by the axial advective CH4 transport from soil with xylem sap flow and the radial CH4 diffusion through the stem conditions. Diffusion resistance caused by the bark permeability did not significantly affect gas transport or stem CH4 flux in the laboratory experiments. The role of axial diffusion of CH4 in trees was unresolved and requires further studies. Due to the transit time of CH4 in the stem, the diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 fluxes can deviate markedly from the diurnal dynamics of sap flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Anttila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Vainio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikka P Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Koivula
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Homa Ghasemi Falk
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Kohl L, Tenhovirta SAM, Koskinen M, Putkinen A, Haikarainen I, Polvinen T, Galeotti L, Mammarella I, Siljanen HMP, Robson TM, Adamczyk B, Pihlatie M. Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308516120. [PMID: 38127980 PMCID: PMC10756279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308516120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO2-, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 ± 0.019 to 0.375 ± 0.074 nmol CH4 g-1 foliar d.w. h-1). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 ± 0.031 nmol CH4 g-1 h-1) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio70600, Finland
| | - Salla A. M. Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Iikka Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Tatu Polvinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Luca Galeotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00560, Finland
| | - Henri M. P. Siljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio70600, Finland
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, AmblesideLA22 9BB, United Kingdom
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Bartosz Adamczyk
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki00790, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00790, Finland
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20
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Salas-Rabaza JA, Andrade JL, Us-Santamaría R, Morales-Rico P, Mayora G, Aguirre FJ, Fecci-Machuca V, Gade-Palma EM, Thalasso F. Impacts of leaks and gas accumulation on closed chamber methods for measuring methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from tree stems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166358. [PMID: 37595911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from tree stems are important for understanding greenhouse gas emissions. Closed chamber methods are commonly employed for this purpose; however, leaks between the chamber and the atmosphere as well as gas accumulation, known as the concentration buildup effect, can impact flux measurements significantly. In this study, we investigated the impacts of concentration buildup and leaks on semi-rigid closed chamber methods. Field measurements were conducted on six tree species, including three species from a Mexican mangrove ecosystem and three species from a Magellanic sub-Antarctic forest. Systematic observations revealed significant leak flow rates, ranging from 0.00 to 465 L h-1, with a median value of 1.25 ± 75.67 L h-1. We tested the efficacy of using cement to reduce leaks, achieving a leak flow rate reduction of 46-98 % without complete elimination. Our study also demonstrates a clear and substantial impact of concentration buildup on CH4 flux measurements, while CO2 flux measurements were relatively less affected across all tree species studied. Our results show that the combined effects of leaks and concentration buildup can lead to an underestimation of CH4 emissions by an average of 40 ± 20 % and CO2 emissions by 22 ± 22 %, depending on the bark roughness. Based on these findings, we recall a straightforward yet effective method to minimize experimental errors associated with these phenomena, previously established, and reiterated in the current context, for calculating emissions that considers effects of leaks and concentration buildup, while eliminating the need for separate determinations of these phenomena. Overall, the results, combined with a literature review, suggest that our current estimates of GHG flux from tree stems are currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Salas-Rabaza
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Mexico; Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Mexico
| | - Roberth Us-Santamaría
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Mexico
| | - Pablo Morales-Rico
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (Inali) Ciudad Universitaria, Colectora Ruta Nac. 168, Paraje El Pozo 3000, Santa Fé, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Aguirre
- Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Vicente Fecci-Machuca
- Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Eugenia M Gade-Palma
- Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Frederic Thalasso
- Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile; Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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21
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Sun H, Zhang F, Raza ST, Zhu Y, Ye T, Rong L, Chen Z. Three decades of shade trees improve soil organic carbon pools but not methane uptake in coffee systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119166. [PMID: 37797515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of coffee plantations in tropical area at the cost of natural forest may suppress the methane (CH4) uptake and change the soil fertility. However, observations on soil CH4 uptake rates and the ecological consequence studies on coffee-based plantations are sparse. The objectives of this study were to characterize the dynamics of CH4 uptake among natural forest, coffee monoculture (CM), and coffee intercropping with shade tree (CI), and to evaluate the key drivers of soil CH4 uptake. Results showed that the conversion of forest into 25-year and 34-year CM plantations significantly reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 57% and 76%, respectively, whereas CI plantation profoundly increased the SOC by 20%-76% compared with CM plantation. Although soils of forest, CM and CI functioned exclusively as CH4 sinks, the CM and CI plantations significantly decreased the ambient CH4 uptake rates by 64%-83% due to soil moisture shift and soil nitrate availability by using chemical fertilizer. Interestingly, the potential CH4 uptake of CM and CI plantations did not decrease and in some treatments, was even higher than that of the natural forest. Potential CH4 uptake showed a negative correlation with soil pH and SOC content, but a positive correlation with soil available phosphorus (AP). Collectively, although the SOC and soil pH were increased through intercropping with shade trees for decades, the inhibition of atmospheric CH4 uptake was still difficult to alleviate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fulan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Syed Turab Raza
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yingmo Zhu
- Faculty of Civil Aviation and Aeronautics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Rong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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22
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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23
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Lohila A, Makiranta P, Pihlatie M, Tuittila ES, Kohl L, Putkinen A, Koskinen M. Plant phenology and species-specific traits control plant CH 4 emissions in a northern boreal fen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1019-1032. [PMID: 36751911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4 ) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain. We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water-table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration. CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86 mg m-2 h-1 and 0.36 mg m-2 h-1 (μmol l-1 )-1 , respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species. Knowledge of the species-specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Päivi Makiranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
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24
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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25
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Machacova K, Warlo H, Svobodová K, Agyei T, Uchytilová T, Horáček P, Lang F. Methane emission from stems of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) offsets as much as half of methane oxidation in soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:584-597. [PMID: 36631959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees are known to be atmospheric methane (CH4 ) emitters. Little is known about seasonal dynamics of tree CH4 fluxes and relationships to environmental conditions. That prevents the correct estimation of net annual tree and forest CH4 exchange. We aimed to explore the contribution of stem emissions to forest CH4 exchange. We determined seasonal CH4 fluxes of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stems and adjacent soil in a typical temperate beech forest of the White Carpathians with high spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture. The beech stems were net annual CH4 sources, whereas the soil was a net CH4 sink. High CH4 emitters showed clear seasonality in their stem CH4 emissions that followed stem CO2 efflux. Elevated CH4 fluxes were detected during the vegetation season. Observed high spatial variability in stem CH4 emissions was neither explicably by soil CH4 exchange nor by CH4 concentrations, water content, or temperature studied in soil profiles near each measured tree. The stem CH4 emissions offset the soil CH4 uptake by up to 46.5% and on average by 13% on stand level. In Central Europe, widely grown beech contributes markedly to seasonal dynamics of ecosystem CH4 exchange. Its contribution should be included into forest greenhouse gas flux inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Warlo
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kateřina Svobodová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Tereza Uchytilová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horáček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Friederike Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Hopple AM, Doro KO, Bailey VL, Bond-Lamberty B, McDowell N, Morris KA, Myers-Pigg A, Pennington SC, Regier P, Rich R, Sengupta A, Smith R, Stegen J, Ward ND, Woodard SC, Megonigal JP. Attaining freshwater and estuarine-water soil saturation in an ecosystem-scale coastal flooding experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:425. [PMID: 36826723 PMCID: PMC9958149 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal upland forests are facing widespread mortality as sea-level rise accelerates and precipitation and storm regimes change. The loss of coastal forests has significant implications for the coastal carbon cycle; yet, predicting mortality likelihood is difficult due to our limited understanding of disturbance impacts on coastal forests. The manipulative, ecosystem-scale Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) experiment addresses the potential for freshwater and estuarine-water disturbance events to alter tree function, species composition, and ecosystem processes in a deciduous coastal forest in MD, USA. The experiment uses a large-unit (2000 m2), un-replicated experimental design, with three 50 m × 40 m plots serving as control, freshwater, and estuarine-water treatments. Transient saturation (5 h) of the entire soil rooting zone (0-30 cm) across a 2000 m2 coastal forest was attained by delivering 300 m3 of water through a spatially distributed irrigation network at a rate just above the soil infiltration rate. Our water delivery approach also elevated the water table (typically ~ 2 m belowground) and achieved extensive, low-level inundation (~ 8 cm standing water). A TEMPEST simulation approximated a 15-cm rainfall event and based on historic records, was of comparable intensity to a 10-year storm for the area. This characterization was supported by showing that Hurricane Ida's (~ 5 cm rainfall) hydrologic impacts were shorter (40% lower duration) and less expansive (80% less coverage) than those generated through experimental manipulation. Future work will apply TEMPEST treatments to evaluate coastal forest resilience to changing hydrologic disturbance regimes and identify conditions that initiate ecosystem state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hopple
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
| | - K. O. Doro
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA
| | - V. L. Bailey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - B. Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - N. McDowell
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA 99352 Richland, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - K. A. Morris
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - A. Myers-Pigg
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382 USA
| | - S. C. Pennington
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - P. Regier
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382 USA
| | - R. Rich
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
| | - A. Sengupta
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
| | - R. Smith
- Global Aquatic Research LLC, Sodus, NY 14551 USA
| | - J. Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - N. D. Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382 USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | | - J. P. Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
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Yuan W, Huang H, Zhang J, Meng P, Li J, Wu T, Zhou F, Pan Q. Methane dynamics from a mixed plantation of north China: Observation using closed-path eddy covariance method. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1040303. [PMID: 36714708 PMCID: PMC9875055 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although an important greenhouse gas, methane flux in hilly forest ecosystems remains unclear. By using closed-path eddy covariance systems, methane flux was measured continuously from 2017 to 2019 in a mixed plantation in the Xiaolangdi area of the Yellow River in North China. The methane flux footprint and its diurnal and monthly variations were analysed, and its characteristics on rainy days are discussed. The results showed that: (a) the observation data were reliable with good spatial representation (b) The methane flux in the mixed plantation ecosystem had obvious diurnal and seasonal variations: the monthly average diurnal variation of the methane flux had a single-peak; the methane flux value was source in the daytime and sink at night. The daily mean maximum value of methane flux in growing season was lower than that in non-growing season with the maximum value appearing in March, and the minimum value in October. (c) The forest is an atmospheric CH4 source with the annual emission in 2017 of (3.31 g C·m-2·year -1) >2019 (2.94 g C·m-2·year-1) >2018 (2.81 g C·m-2·year -1), and the main influencing factor was precipitation. Rainfall affected CH4 flux with a lag period of approximately three days. Rainfall also changed the balance of CH4 flux between sink or source according to precipitation intensity and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yuan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tonggui Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Henan Xiaolangdi Earth Critical Zone National Research Station on the Middle Yellow River, Jiyuan, China
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28
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Moll J, Hoppe B. Evaluation of primers for the detection of deadwood-inhabiting archaea via amplicon sequencing. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14567. [PMID: 36573238 PMCID: PMC9789694 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaea have been reported from deadwood of a few different tree species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in the past. However, while one of their functions is well linked to methane production any additional contribution to wood decomposition is not understood and underexplored which may be also attributed to lacking investigations on their diversity in this substrate. With this current work, we aim at encouraging further investigations by providing aid in primer choice for DNA metabarcoding using Illumina amplicon sequencing. We tested 16S primer pairs on genomic DNA extracted from woody tissue of four temperate deciduous tree species. Three primer pairs were specific to archaea and one prokaryotic primer pair theoretically amplifies both, bacterial and archaeal DNA. Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales have been consistently identified as dominant orders across all datasets but significant variability in ASV richness was observed using different primer combinations. Nitrososphaerales have only been identified when using archaea-specific primer sets. In addition, the most commonly applied primer combination targeting prokaryotes in general yielded the lowest relative proportion of archaeal sequences per sample, which underlines the fact, that using target specific primers unraveled a yet unknown diversity of archaea in deadwood. Hence, archaea seem to be an important group of the deadwood-inhabiting community and further research is needed to explore their role during the decomposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moll
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Björn Hoppe
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
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29
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Han M, Feng H, Peng C, Lei X, Xue J, Malghani S, Ma X, Song X, Wang W. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of stem methane flux from two poplar forests with different soil textures. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2454-2467. [PMID: 35870127 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, the majority of methane (CH4) research focuses on soils, whereas tree stem CH4 flux and driving factors remain poorly understood. We measured the in situ stem CH4 flux using the static chamber-gas chromatography method at different heights in two poplar (Populus spp.) forests with separate soil textures. We evaluated the relationship between stem CH4 fluxes and environmental factors with linear mixed models and estimated the tree CH4 emission rate at the stand level. Our results showed that poplar stems were a net source of atmospheric CH4. The mean stem CH4 emission rates were 97.51 ± 6.21 μg·m-2·h-1 in Sihong and 67.04 ± 5.64 μg·m-2·h-1 in Dongtai. The stem CH4 emission rate in Sihong with clay loam soils was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in Dongtai with sandy loam soils. The stem CH4 emission rate also showed a seasonal variation, minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The stem CH4 emission rate generally decreased with increasing sampling height. Although the differences in CH4 emission rates between stem heights were significant in the annual averages, these differences were driven by differences observed in the summer. Stem CH4 emission rates were significantly and positively correlated with air temperature (P < 0.001), relative humidity (P < 0.001), soil water content (P < 0.001) and soil CH4 flux (P < 0.001). At these sites, the soil emitted CH4 to the atmosphere in summer (mainly from June to September) but absorbed CH4 from the atmosphere during the other season. At the stand level, tree CH4 emissions accounted for 2-35.4% of soil CH4 uptake. Overall, tree stem CH4 efflux could be an important component of the forest CH4 budget. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in situ monitoring of stem CH4 flux to accurately estimate the CH4 budget in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianhui Xue
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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30
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from trees planted on a closed landfill site. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1618-1628. [PMID: 35380070 PMCID: PMC9580030 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221086955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees have morphological adaptations that allow methane (CH4) generated below ground to bypass oxidation in aerobic surface soils. This natural phenomenon however has not been measured in a landfill context where planted trees may alter the composition and magnitude of CH4 fluxes from the surface. To address this research gap, we measured tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4 and CO2) from a closed UK landfill and comparable natural site, using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser and flux chambers. Analyses showed average CH4 stem fluxes from the landfill and non-landfill sites were 31.8 ± 24.4 µg m-2 h-1 and -0.3 ± 0.2 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. The landfill site showed seasonal patterns in CH4 and CO2 stem emissions, but no significant patterns were observed in CH4 and CO2 fluxes at different stem heights or between tree species. Tree stem emissions accounted for 39% of the total CH4 surface flux (7% of the CO2); a previously unknown contribution that should be included in future carbon assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Carl Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Toni Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Stephen Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Haj-Amor Z, Araya T, Kim DG, Bouri S, Lee J, Ghiloufi W, Yang Y, Kang H, Jhariya MK, Banerjee A, Lal R. Soil salinity and its associated effects on soil microorganisms, greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, biodiversity and desertification: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156946. [PMID: 35768029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant research has been conducted on the effects of soil salinity issue on agricultural productivity. However, limited consideration has been given to its critical effects on soil biogeochemistry (e.g., soil microorganisms, soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions), land desertification, and biodiversity loss. This article is based on synthesis of information in 238 articles published between 1989 and 2022 on these effects of soil salinity. Principal findings are as follows: (1) salinity affects microbial community composition and soil enzyme activities due to changes in osmotic pressure and ion effects; (2) soil salinity reduces soil organic carbon (SOC) content and alters GHG emissions, which is a serious issue under intensifying agriculture and global warming scenarios; (3) soil salinity can reduce crop yield up to 58 %; (4) soil salinity, even at low levels, can cause profound alteration in soil biodiversity; (5) due to severe soil salinity, some soils are reaching critical desertification status; (6) innovate mitigation strategies of soil salinity need to be approached in a way that should support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). Knowledge gaps still exist mainly in the effects of salinity especially, responses of GHG emissions and biodiversity. Previous experiences quantifying soil salinity effects remained small-scale, and inappropriate research methods were sometimes applied for investigating soil salinity effects. Therefore, further studies are urgently required to improve our understanding on the effects of salinity, address salinity effects in larger-scale, and develop innovative research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Haj-Amor
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X134, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Tesfay Araya
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Dong-Gill Kim
- Wondo Genet College of Forest and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Salem Bouri
- Water, Energy, and Environment Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Wahida Ghiloufi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerang Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manoj Kumar Jhariya
- Department of Farm Forestry, University Teaching Department, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya (Formerly, Sarguja University), Sarguja, Ambikapur 497001, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University Teaching Department, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Surguja (Formerly Sarguja Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur), Chattisgarh, India
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Variability in Stem Methane Emissions and Wood Methane Production of Tree Different Species in a Cold Temperate Mountain Forest. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from forested closed landfill sites: Variations between tree species and landfill management practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156019. [PMID: 35595131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees in natural and managed environments can act as conduits for the transportation of methane (CH4) from below ground to the atmosphere, bypassing oxidation in aerobic surface soils. Tree stem emissions from landfill sites exhibit large temporal and spatial variability in temperate environments and can account for approximately 40% of the total surface CH4 flux. Emission variability was further investigated in this study by measuring CH4 and CO2 fluxes from landfill sites with different management strategies and varying tree species over a 7-month period. Stem and soil measurements were obtained using flux chambers and an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser. Analysis showed average stem and soil CH4 emissions varied significantly (p < 0.01) between landfills with different management practices. On average, tree stem CH4 fluxes from sites with no clay cap but gas extraction, clay cap and gas extraction, and no clay cap and no gas extraction were 1.4 ± 0.4 μg m-2 h-1, 47.2 ± 19.0 μg m-2 h-1, and 111.9 ± 165.1 μg m-2 h-1, respectively. There was no difference in stem CH4 fluxes between species at each site, suggesting environmental conditions (waterlogging) and site age had a greater influence on both stem and soil fluxes. These results highlight the importance of management practices, and the resultant environmental conditions, in determining CH4 emissions from historic landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - C Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - T Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - S Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - V Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Takahashi K, Sakabe A, Azuma WA, Itoh M, Imai T, Matsumura Y, Tateishi M, Kosugi Y. Insights into the mechanism of diurnal variations in methane emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1757-1766. [PMID: 35835139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that in certain environments, tree stems emit methane (CH4 ). This study explored the mechanism of CH4 emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica in a riparian wetland. Stem CH4 emission rates and sap flux were monitored year-round, and fine-root anatomy was investigated. CH4 emission rates were estimated using a closed-chamber method. Sap flux was measured using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes. Root anatomy was studied using both optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. CH4 emissions during the leafy season exhibited a diurnally changing component superimposed upon an underlying continuum in which the diurnal variation was in phase with sap flux. We propose a model in which stem CH4 emission involves at least two processes: a sap flux-dependent component responsible for the diurnal changes, and a sap flux-independent component responsible for the background continuum. The contribution ratios of the two processes are season-dependent. The background continuum possibly resulted from the diffusive transport of gaseous CH4 from the roots to the upper trunk. Root anatomy analysis indicated that the intercellular space of the cortex and empty xylem cells in fine roots could serve as a passageway for transport of gaseous CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakabe
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wakana A Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Tateishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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35
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Peng WX, Yue X, Chen H, Ma NL, Quan Z, Yu Q, Wei Z, Guan R, Lam SS, Rinklebe J, Zhang D, Zhang B, Bolan N, Kirkham MB, Sonne C. A review of plants formaldehyde metabolism: Implications for hazardous emissions and phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129304. [PMID: 35739801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of hazardous formaldehyde (CH2O) in disinfections, adhesives and wood-based furniture leads to undesirable emissions to indoor environments. This is highly problematic as formaldehyde is a highly hazardous and toxic compound present in both liquid and gaseous form. The majority of gaseous and atmospheric formaldehyde derive from microbial and plant decomposition. However, plants also reversibly absorb formaldehyde released from for example indoor structural materials in such as furniture, thus offering beneficial phytoremediation properties. Here we provide the first comprehensive review of plant formaldehyde metabolism, physiology and remediation focusing on release and absorption including species-specific differences for maintaining indoor environmental air quality standards. Phytoremediation depends on rhizosphere, temperature, humidity and season and future indoor formaldehyde remediation therefore need to take these biological factors into account including the balance between emission and phytoremediation. This would pave the road for remediation of formaldehyde air pollution and improve planetary health through several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zhou Quan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Patama M, Lintunen A, Zanetti A, Lilja R, Pihlatie M. Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:66-77. [PMID: 35342950 PMCID: PMC9325065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4 ), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood. We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non-steady-state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring. We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive. Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature-by-light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A. M. Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Marjo Patama
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Rauna Lilja
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
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Ottoni JR, Bernal SPF, Marteres TJ, Luiz FN, Dos Santos VP, Mari ÂG, Somer JG, de Oliveira VM, Passarini MRZ. Cultured and uncultured microbial community associated with biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:340. [PMID: 35590017 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The search for sustainable development has increased interest in the improvement of technologies that use renewable energy sources. One of the alternatives in the production of renewable energy comes from the use of waste including urban solids, animal excrement from livestock, and biomass residues from agro-industrial plants. These materials may be used in the production of biogas, making its production highly sustainable and environmentally friendly. The present study aimed to evaluate the cultivated and uncultivated microbial community from a substrate (starter) used as an adapter for biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes. 16S rDNA metabarcoding revealed the domain of bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi and Synergistota. The methanogenic group was represented by the phyla Halobacterota and Euryarchaeota. Through 16S rRNA sequencing of isolates recovered from the starter culture, the genera Rhodococcus (Actinobacteria phylum), Vagococcus, Lysinibacillus, Niallia, Priestia, Robertmurraya, Proteiniclasticum (Firmicutes phylum), and Luteimonas (Proteobacteria phylum) were identified, genera that were not observed in the metabarcoding data. The volatile solids, volatile organic acids, and total inorganic carbon reached 659.10 g kg-1, 717.70 g kg-1, 70,005.0 g kg-1, respectively. The cultured groups are involved in the metabolism of sugars and other compounds derived from lignocellulosic material, as well as in anaerobic methane production processes. The results demonstrate that culture-dependent approaches, such as isolation and sequencing, and culture-independent studies, such as the Metabarcoding approach, are complementary methodologies that, when integrated provide robust and comprehensive information about the microbial communities involved in processes of the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ronzella Ottoni
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - Unila., Jd Universitário, Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Suzan Prado Fernandes Bernal
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - Unila., Jd Universitário, Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Tiago Joelzer Marteres
- Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis - Biogás (CIBiogás-ER), Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731, Itaipu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Franciele Natividade Luiz
- Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis - Biogás (CIBiogás-ER), Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731, Itaipu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane Piccin Dos Santos
- CPQBA/UNICAMP - Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Campinas, Av. Alexandre Cazelatto, 999. Betel, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Gabriel Mari
- Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis - Biogás (CIBiogás-ER), Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731, Itaipu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gaio Somer
- Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis - Biogás (CIBiogás-ER), Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731, Itaipu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- CPQBA/UNICAMP - Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Campinas, Av. Alexandre Cazelatto, 999. Betel, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - Unila., Jd Universitário, Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil.
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Quantification of Ecosystem-Scale Methane Sinks Observed in a Tropical Rainforest in Hainan, China. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropical rainforest ecosystems are important when considering the global methane (CH4) budget and in climate change mitigation. However, there is a lack of direct and year-round observations of ecosystem-scale CH4 fluxes from tropical rainforest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the temporal variations in CH4 flux at the ecosystem scale and its annual budget and environmental controlling factors in a tropical rainforest of Hainan Island, China, using 3 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements from 2016 to 2018. Our results show that CH4 uptake generally occurred in this tropical rainforest, where strong CH4 uptake occurred in the daytime, and a weak CH4 uptake occurred at night with a mean daily CH4 flux of −4.5 nmol m−2 s−1. In this rainforest, the mean annual budget of CH4 for the 3 years was −1260 mg CH4 m−2 year−1. Furthermore, the daily averaged CH4 flux was not distinctly different between the dry season and wet season. Sixty-nine percent of the total variance in the daily CH4 flux could be explained by the artificial neural network (ANN) model, with a combination of air temperature (Tair), latent heat flux (LE), soil volumetric water content (VWC), atmospheric pressure (Pa), and soil temperature at −10 cm (Tsoil), although the linear correlation between the daily CH4 flux and any of these individual variables was relatively low. This indicates that CH4 uptake in tropical rainforests is controlled by multiple environmental factors and that their relationships are nonlinear. Our findings also suggest that tropical rainforests in China acted as a CH4 sink during 2016–2018, helping to counteract global warming.
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Mazzola V, Perks MP, Smith J, Yeluripati J, Xenakis G. Assessing soil carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from a Scots pine raised bog-edge-woodland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114061. [PMID: 34800769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scots pine bog edge woodland is a type of habitat typical on raised bogs where trees cohabitate with bog vegetation to form a low-density stand. Even though nowadays this habitat does not cover large areas, in a future scenario it is possible that this environment will expand, either naturally (drier climate) or anthropogenically, as the result of the application of new restoration strategies that could increase net landscape carbon benefits from both peatland and woodland environments. This study is the first reported investigation in Scotland exploring carbon flux dynamics from sparse woodlands on raised bogs. We examined how Scots pine trees directly or indirectly affected soil temperature and moisture, ground vegetation, and consequently carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) soil fluxes. Soil CO2 and CH4 were measured at different distance from the tree and thereafter assessed for both spatial and temporal variability. Our results showed that these low-density trees were able to modify the ground vegetation composition, had no effect on soil temperature, but did affect the soil moisture, with soils close to tree roots significantly drier (0.25 ± 0.01 m3 m-3) than those on open bog (0.39 ± 0.02 m3 m-3). Soil CO2 fluxes were significantly higher in the vicinity of trees (34.13 ± 3.97 μg CO2 m-2 s-1) compared to the open bog (24.34 ± 2.86 μg CO2 m-2 s-1). On the opposite, CH4 effluxes were significantly larger in the open bog (0.07 ± 0.01 μg CH4 m-2 s-1) than close to the tree (0.01 ± 0.00 μg CH4 m-2 s-1). This suggests that Scots pine trees on bog edge woodland may affect soil C fluxes in their proximity primarily due to the contribution of root respiration, but also as a result of their effects on soil moisture, enhancing soil CO2 emissions, while reducing the CH4 fluxes. There is, however, still uncertainty about the complete greenhouse gas assessment, and further research would be needed in order to include the quantification of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics together with the analysis of complete gas exchanges at the tree-atmosphere level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mazzola
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, UK; Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Bush Estate, Roslin, EH25 9SY, UK; Information and Computational Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Mike P Perks
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Bush Estate, Roslin, EH25 9SY, UK
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jagadeesh Yeluripati
- Information and Computational Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Georgios Xenakis
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Bush Estate, Roslin, EH25 9SY, UK
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Feng H, Guo J, Ma X, Han M, Kneeshaw D, Sun H, Malghani S, Chen H, Wang W. Methane emissions may be driven by hydrogenotrophic methanogens inhabiting the stem tissues of poplar. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:182-193. [PMID: 34617594 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Living trees in forests emit methane (CH4 ) from their stems. However, the magnitudes, patterns, drivers, origins, and biogeochemical pathways of these emissions remain poorly understood. We measured in situ CH4 fluxes in poplar stems and soils using static chambers and investigated the microbial communities of heartwood and sapwood by sequencing bacterial 16S, archaeal 16S, and fungal ITS rRNA genes. Methane emissions from poplar stems occurred throughout the sampling period. The mean CH4 emission rate was 2.7 mg m-2 stem d-1 . Stem CH4 emission rate increased significantly with air temperature, humidity, soil water content, and soil CH4 fluxes, but decreased with increasing sampling height. The CO2 reduction and methylotrophic methanogenesis were the major methanogenic pathways in wood tissues. The dominant methanogen groups detected in stem tissues were Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Rice Cluster I, Methanosarcina, Methanomassiliicoccus, Methanoculleus, and Methanomethylophilaceae. In addition, three methanotrophic genera were identified in the heartwood and sapwood - Methylocystis, Methylobacterium, and Paracoccus. Overall, stem CH4 emissions can originate directly from the internal tissues or co-occur from soils and stems. The co-existence of methanogens and methanotrophs within heartwood and sapwood highlights a need for future research in the microbial mechanisms underlying stem CH4 exchange with the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Menghua Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
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Barba J, Poyatos R, Capooci M, Vargas R. Spatiotemporal variability and origin of CO 2 and CH 4 tree stem fluxes in an upland forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4879-4893. [PMID: 34214242 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of multiple greenhouse gases (i.e., CO2 and CH4 ) between tree stems and the atmosphere represents a knowledge gap in the global carbon cycle. Stem CO2 and CH4 fluxes vary across time and space and are unclear, which are their individual or shared drivers. Here we measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes at different stem heights combining manual (biweekly; n = 678) and automated (hourly; n > 38,000) measurements in a temperate upland forest. All trees showed CO2 and CH4 emissions despite 20% of measurements showing net CH4 uptake. Stem CO2 fluxes presented clear seasonal trends from manual and automated measurements. Only automated measurements captured the high temporal variability of stem CH4 fluxes revealing clear seasonal trends. Despite that temporal integration, the limited number of automated chambers made stand-level mean CH4 fluxes sensitive to "hot spots," resulting in mean fluxes with high uncertainty. Manual measurements provided better integration of spatial variability, but their lack of temporal variability integration hindered the detection of temporal trends and stand-level mean fluxes. These results highlight the potential bias of previous studies of stem CH4 fluxes solely based on manual or automated measurements. Stem height, temperature, and soil moisture only explained 7% and 11% of the stem CH4 flux variability compared to 42% and 81% for CO2 (manual and automated measurements, respectively). This large unexplained variability, in combination with high CH4 concentrations in the trees' heartwood, suggests that stem CH4 fluxes might be more influenced by gas transport and diffusivity through the wood than by drivers of respiratory CO2 flux, which has crucial implications for developing process-based ecosystem models. We postulate that CH4 is likely originated within tree stems because of lack of a consistent vertical pattern in CH4 fluxes, evidence of CH4 production in wood incubations, and low CH4 concentration in the soil profile but high concentrations within the trees' heartwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Margaret Capooci
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Gao CH, Zhang S, Ding QS, Wei MY, Li H, Li J, Wen C, Gao GF, Liu Y, Zhou JJ, Zhang JY, You YP, Zheng HL. Source or sink? A study on the methane flux from mangroves stems in Zhangjiang estuary, southeast coast of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147782. [PMID: 34134386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are an important component of "blue carbon". However, it is not clear whether the stems play roles in the CH4 budget of mangrove ecosystems. This study investigated the CH4 emission from mangrove stems and its potential driving factors. We set up six sample plots in the Zhangjiang Estuary National Mangrove Nature Reserve, where Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculata are the main mangrove tree species. Soil properties such as total carbon content, redox potential and salinity were determined in each plot. The dynamic chamber method was used to measure mangrove stems and soil CH4 fluxes. Combined field survey results with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil properties, we divided the six plots into two sites (S1 and S2) to perform statistical analyses of stem CH4 fluxes. Then the CH4 fluxes from mangrove tree stems and soil were further scaled up to the ecosystem level through the mapping model. Under different backgrounds of soil properties, salinity and microbial biomass carbon were the main factors modified soil CH4 fluxes in the two sites, and further affected the stem CH4 fluxes of mangroves. The soil of both sites are sources of CH4, and the soil CH4 emission of S2 was about twice higher than that of S1. Results of upscaling model showed that mangrove stems in S1 were CH4 sinks with -105.65 g d-1. But stems in S2 were CH4 sources around 1448.24 g d-1. Taken together, our results suggested that CH4 emission from mangrove soils closely depends on soils properties. And mangrove stems were found to act as both CH4 sources and CH4 sinks depend on soil CH4 production. Therefore, when calculating the CH4 budget of the mangrove ecosystem, the contribution of mangrove plant stems cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Wen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, 71 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jia-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping You
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Kelly J, Ibáñez TS, Santín C, Doerr SH, Nilsson MC, Holst T, Lindroth A, Kljun N. Boreal forest soil carbon fluxes one year after a wildfire: Effects of burn severity and management. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4181-4195. [PMID: 34028945 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil microclimate and nutrient content from five Pinus sylvestris sites for the first growing season after the fire. We analysed the effects of three factors on forest soils: burn severity, salvage-logging and stand age. None of these caused significant differences in soil CH4 uptake. Soil respiration, however, declined significantly after a high-severity fire (complete tree mortality) but not after a low-severity fire (no tree mortality), despite substantial losses of the organic layer. Tree root respiration is thus key in determining post-fire soil CO2 emissions and may benefit, along with heterotrophic respiration, from the nutrient pulse after a low-severity fire. Salvage-logging after a high-severity fire had no significant effects on soil carbon fluxes, microclimate or nutrient content compared with leaving the dead trees standing, although differences are expected to emerge in the long term. In contrast, the impact of stand age was substantial: a young burnt stand experienced more extreme microclimate, lower soil nutrient supply and significantly lower soil respiration than a mature burnt stand, due to a thinner organic layer and the decade-long effects of a previous clear-cut and soil scarification. Disturbance history and burn severity are, therefore, important factors for predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires. The presented short-term effects and ongoing monitoring will provide essential information for sustainable management strategies in response to the increasing risk of wildfire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Theresa S Ibáñez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Santín
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Research Unit of Biodiversity, Spanish National Research Council, Mieres, Spain
| | - Stefan H Doerr
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindroth
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wang ZP, Li HL, Wu HH, Han SJ, Huang JH, Zhang XM, Han XG. Methane Concentration in the Heartwood of Living Trees and Estimated Methane Emission on Stems in Upland Forests. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Putkinen A, Siljanen HMP, Laihonen A, Paasisalo I, Porkka K, Tiirola M, Haikarainen I, Tenhovirta S, Pihlatie M. New insight to the role of microbes in the methane exchange in trees: evidence from metagenomic sequencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:524-536. [PMID: 33780002 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) exchange in tree stems and canopies and the processes involved are among the least understood components of the global CH4 cycle. Recent studies have focused on quantifying tree stems as sources of CH4 and understanding abiotic CH4 emissions in plant canopies, with the role of microbial in situ CH4 formation receiving less attention. Moreover, despite initial reports revealing CH4 consumption, studies have not adequately evaluated the potential of microbial CH4 oxidation within trees. In this paper, we discuss the current level of understanding on these processes. Further, we demonstrate the potential of novel metagenomic tools in revealing the involvement of microbes in the CH4 exchange of plants, and particularly in boreal trees. We detected CH4 -producing methanogens and novel monooxygenases, potentially involved in CH4 consumption, in coniferous plants. In addition, our field flux measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies) canopies demonstrate both net CH4 emissions and uptake, giving further evidence that both production and consumption are relevant to the net CH4 exchange. Our findings, together with the emerging diversity of novel CH4 -producing microbial groups, strongly suggest microbial analyses should be integrated in the studies aiming to reveal the processes and drivers behind plant CH4 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Henri M P Siljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70200, Finland
- Department of Ecogenomics and Archaea Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Antti Laihonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Inga Paasisalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70200, Finland
| | - Kaija Porkka
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Savonlinna, FI-57200, Finland
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Iikka Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Salla Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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47
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Kohl L, Koskinen M, Pihlatie M. Towards reliable measurements of trace gas fluxes at plant surfaces. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2097-2099. [PMID: 33998687 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Greenhouse Gases Research Group, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Center (VIPS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
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48
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Bréchet LM, Daniel W, Stahl C, Burban B, Goret JY, Salomόn RL, Janssens IA. Simultaneous tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) flux measurements: a novel design for continuous monitoring towards improving flux estimates and temporal resolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2487-2500. [PMID: 33738819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems and soils can act as sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O). Since both uptake and emission capacities can be large, especially in tropical rainforests, accurate assessments of the magnitudes and temporal variations of stem and soil GHG fluxes are required. We designed a new flexible stem chamber system for continuously measuring GHG fluxes in a French Guianese rainforest. Here, we describe this new system, which is connected to an automated soil GHG flux system, and discuss measurement uncertainty and potential error sources. In line with findings for soil GHG flux estimates, we demonstrated that lengthening the stem chamber closure time was required for accurate estimates of tree stem CH4 and N2 O flux but not tree stem CO2 flux. The instrumented stem was a net source of CO2 and CH4 and a weak sink of N2 O. Our experimental setup operated successfully in situ and provided continuous tree and soil GHG measurements at a high temporal resolution over an 11-month period. This automated system is a major step forward in the measurement of GHG fluxes in stems and the atmosphere concurrently with soil GHG fluxes in tropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia M Bréchet
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Warren Daniel
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Benoît Burban
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Jean-Yves Goret
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Roberto L Salomόn
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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49
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Jeffrey LC, Maher DT, Tait DR, Reading MJ, Chiri E, Greening C, Johnston SG. Isotopic evidence for axial tree stem methane oxidation within subtropical lowland forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2200-2212. [PMID: 33715152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding mechanisms moderating methane (CH4 ) sink/source behaviour along the soil-tree stem-atmosphere continuum remains incomplete. Here, we applied stable isotope analysis (δ13 C-CH4 ) to gain insights into axial CH4 transport and oxidation in two globally distributed subtropical lowland species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Casuarina glauca). We found consistent trends in CH4 flux (decreasing with height) and δ13 C-CH4 enrichment (increasing with height) in relation to stem height from ground. The average lower tree stem δ13 C-CH4 (0-40 cm) of Melaleuca and Casuarina (-53.96‰ and -65.89‰) were similar to adjacent flooded soil CH4 ebullition (-52.87‰ and -62.98‰), suggesting that stem CH4 is derived mainly by soil sources. Upper stems (81-200 cm) displayed distinct δ13 C-CH4 enrichment (Melaleuca -44.6‰ and Casuarina -46.5‰, respectively). Coupled 3D-photogrammetry with novel 3D-stem measurements revealed distinct hotspots of CH4 flux and isotopic fractionation on Melaleuca, which were likely due to bark anomalies in which preferential pathways of gas efflux were enhanced. Diel experiments revealed greater δ13 C-CH4 enrichment and higher oxidation rates in the afternoon, compared with the morning. Overall, we estimated that c. 33% of the methane was oxidised between lower and upper stems during axial transport, therefore potentially representing a globally significant, yet previously unaccounted for, methane sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Michael J Reading
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Eleonora Chiri
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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50
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Machacova K, Schindler T, Soosaar K. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and interference of volatile organic compounds on measurements of methane (CH 4 ) fluxes at tree stems - a general phenomenon for plant systems? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2100-2104. [PMID: 33998686 PMCID: PMC9291908 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas ExchangeGlobal Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences4a BelidlaBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas ExchangeGlobal Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences4a BelidlaBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas ExchangeGlobal Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences4a BelidlaBrnoCZ‐60300Czech Republic
- Department of GeographyInstitute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 VanemuiseTartuEST‐51014Estonia
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