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Garcia-Luna GM, Bermudes-Contreras JD, Hernández-Correa S, Suarez-Ortiz JO, Diaz-Urbina D, Garfias-Ramirez SH, Vega AV, Villalobos-Molina R, Vilches-Flores A. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Treatment Modifies Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islets from Prediabetic Mice Under Hypercaloric Diet. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:1277-1290. [PMID: 37267277 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The endocannabinoid system over-activation is associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus onset, involving physiological, metabolic, and genetic alterations in pancreatic islets. The use of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as treatment is still controversial since its effects and mechanisms on insulin secretion are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of THC treatment in pancreatic islets from prediabetic mice. Methods: Prediabetes was induced in mice by hypercaloric diet, and then treated with THC for 3 weeks. Blood glucose and body weight were determined, after behavior tests. Histological changes were evaluated in whole pancreas; in isolated islets we analyzed the effect of THC exposure in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), gene expression, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cytosolic calcium changes. Results: THC treatment in prediabetic mice enhanced anxiety and antidepressive behavior without changes in food ingestion, decreased oral-glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin and weight, with small alterations on pancreatic histology. In isolated islets from healthy mice THC increased GSIS, cAMP, and CB1 receptor (CB1r) expression, meanwhile calcium release was diminished. Small changes were observed in islets from prediabetic mice. Conclusions: THC treatment improves some clinical parameters in prediabetic mice, however, in isolated islets, modifies GSIS, intracellular calcium and gene expression, suggesting specific effects related to diabetes evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe M Garcia-Luna
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - J David Bermudes-Contreras
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Samantha Hernández-Correa
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Josue O Suarez-Ortiz
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz-Urbina
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Sergio H Garfias-Ramirez
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ana V Vega
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Alonso Vilches-Flores
- FES Iztacala, Department of Medical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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2
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Perez PA, Wiley MB, Makriyannis A, DiPatrizio NV. Cannabinoids Block Fat-induced Incretin Release via CB 1-dependent and CB 1-independent Pathways in Intestinal Epithelium. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:931-941. [PMID: 39318720 PMCID: PMC11419882 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a dynamic interplay between hormones along the gastro-insular axis. For example, enteroendocrine L- and K- cells that line the intestine produce the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), respectively, which are secreted following a meal. Broadly, incretin signaling enhances insulin release from the endocrine pancreas and participates in the control of food intake, and therapeutics that mimic their activity have recently been developed for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and obesity. Notably, genes for cannabinoid subtype-1 receptor (CB1R) are expressed in these cell subpopulations; however, roles for CB1Rs in controlling fat-induced incretin release are unclear. To address this gap in our understanding, we tested the hypothesis that intestinal epithelial CB1Rs control fat-induced incretin secretion. Methods We treated mice with conditional deletion of CB1Rs in the intestinal epithelium (IntCB1-/-) or controls (IntCB1+/+) with oil gavage to stimulate incretin release in the presence of the cannabinoid receptor agonists, WIN55,212-2 or Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the peripherally-restricted CB1R antagonist AM6545. Circulating incretin levels were measured in plasma. Results Oral gavage of corn oil increased levels of bioactive GLP1 and GIP in IntCB1+/+ mouse plasma. Pretreatment with the WIN55,212-2 or THC blocked this response, which was largely reversed by coadministration with AM6545. WIN55,212-2 failed to inhibit fat-induced GIP release, but not GLP1, in IntCB1-/- mice. In contrast, THC inhibited the secretion of incretins irrespective of CB1R expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusion These results indicate that cannabinoid receptor agonists can differentially inhibit incretin release via mechanisms that include intestinal epithelial CB1R-dependent and CB1R-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antonio Perez
- Center for Cannabinoid Research (UCRCCR), School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
- Department of Neuroscience and The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark Benjamin Wiley
- Center for Cannabinoid Research (UCRCCR), School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | | | - Nicholas Vincent DiPatrizio
- Center for Cannabinoid Research (UCRCCR), School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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3
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Halloran KM, Saadat N, Pallas B, Vyas AK, Sargis R, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Testosterone excess masculinizes female pancreatic transcriptome and function in sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112234. [PMID: 38588858 PMCID: PMC11231987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenic disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, are often associated with metabolic disruptions such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Studies in sheep, a precocial model of translational relevance, provide evidence that in utero exposure to excess testosterone during days 30-90 of gestation (the sexually dimorphic window where males naturally experience elevated androgens) programs insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in female offspring. Extending earlier findings that adverse effects of testosterone excess are evident in fetal day 90 pancreas, the end of testosterone treatment, the present study provides evidence that transcriptomic and phenotypic effects of in utero testosterone excess on female pancreas persist after cessation of treatment, suggesting lasting organizational changes, and induce a male-like phenotype in female pancreas. These findings demonstrate that the female pancreas is susceptible to programmed masculinization during the sexually dimorphic window of fetal development and shed light on underlying connections between hyperandrogenism and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit Lab Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arpita K Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Aseer KR, Mazucanti CH, O'Connell JF, González-Mariscal I, Verma A, Yao Q, Dunn C, Liu QR, Egan JM, Doyle ME. Beta cell specific cannabinoid 1 receptor deletion counteracts progression to hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101906. [PMID: 38423253 PMCID: PMC10940176 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs because of islet infiltration by autoreactive immune cells leading to destruction of beta cells and it is becoming evident that beta cell dysfunction partakes in this process. We previously reported that genetic deletion and pharmacological antagonism of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) in mice improves insulin synthesis and secretion, upregulates glucose sensing machinery, favors beta cell survival by reducing apoptosis, and enhances beta cell proliferation. Moreover, beta cell specific deletion of CB1 protected mice fed a high fat high sugar diet against islet inflammation and beta cell dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that it would mitigate the dysfunction of beta cells in the precipitating events leading to T1D. METHODS We genetically deleted CB1 specifically from beta cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD; NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl) mice. We evaluated female NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl mice and their NOD RIP Cre-Cnr1fl/fl and NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1Wt/Wt littermates for onset of hyperglycemia over 26 weeks. We also examined islet morphology, islet infiltration by immune cells and beta cell function and proliferation. RESULTS Beta cell specific deletion of CB1 in NOD mice significantly reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia by preserving beta cell function and mass. Deletion also prevented beta cell apoptosis and aggressive insulitis in NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl mice compared to wild-type littermates. NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/fl islets maintained normal morphology with no evidence of beta cell dedifferentiation or appearance of extra islet beta cells, indicating that protection from autoimmunity is inherent to genetic deletion of beta cell CB1. Pancreatic lymph node Treg cells were significantly higher in NOD RIP Cre+ Cnr1fl/flvs NOD RIP Cre-Cnr1fl/fl. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these data demonstrate how protection of beta cells from metabolic stress during the active phase of T1D can ameliorate destructive insulitis and provides evidence for CB1 as a potential pharmacologic target in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanikkai Raja Aseer
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Isabel González-Mariscal
- Inserm UMR1190 - Translational Research of Diabetes, Pôle recherche 3ème Ouest, 1, place de Verdun 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Anjali Verma
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Qin Yao
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher Dunn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Cortes-Justo E, Garfias-Ramírez SH, Vilches-Flores A. The function of the endocannabinoid system in the pancreatic islet and its implications on metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Islets 2023; 15:1-11. [PMID: 36598083 PMCID: PMC9815253 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2163826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The following review focuses on the scientific studies related to the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in pancreatic islet physiology and dysfunction. Different natural or synthetic agonists and antagonists have been suggested as an alternative treatment for diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therapeutic use of Cannabis led to the discovery and characterization of the ECS, a signaling complex involved in regulation of various physiological processes, including food intake and metabolism. After the development of different agonists and antagonists, evidence have demonstrated the presence and activity of cannabinoid receptors in several organs and tissues, including pancreatic islets. Insulin and glucagon expression, stimulated secretion, and the development of diabetes and other metabolic disorders have been associated with the activity and modulation of ECS in pancreatic islets. However, according to the animal model and experimental design, either endogenous or pharmacological ligands of cannabinoid receptors have guided to contradictory and paradoxical results that suggest a complex physiological interaction. In consensus, ECS activity modulates insulin and glucagon secretions according to glucose in media; over-stimulation of cannabinoid receptors affects islets negatively, leading to glucose intolerance, meanwhile the treatment with antagonists in diabetic models and humans suggests an improvement in islets function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cortes-Justo
- Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
| | - Sergio H Garfias-Ramírez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Alonso Vilches-Flores
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
- CONTACT Alonso Vilches-Flores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Edif.A4 Lab 4, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla54090, Mexico
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Mousavi SE, Tondro Anamag F, Sanaie S. Association between cannabis use and risk of diabetes mellitus type 2: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5092-5108. [PMID: 37526051 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis consumption exerts multiple effects on metabolism via various pathways, including glucose regulation and insulin secretion. Studies concerning the association between cannabis use and diabetes mellitus type 2 are discrepant. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the association between cannabis use and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SEARCH METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Proquest, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library with no time, language or study types restriction until July 1, 2022, using various forms of "cannabis" and "diabetes mellitus" search terms. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized control trials, cohort, and case-control studies investigating the relationship between cannabis consumption and diabetes mellitus type 2 were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. We pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model, generic inverse variance method, DerSimonian and Laird approach. MAIN RESULTS A meta-analysis of seven studies, containing 11 surveys and 4 cohorts, revealed that the odds of developing T2DM in individuals exposed to cannabis was 0.48 times (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.59) lower than in those without cannabis exposure. CONCLUSIONS A protective effect of cannabis consumption on the odds of diabetes mellitus type 2 development has been suggested. Yet given the considerable interstudy heterogeneity, the upward trend of cannabis consumption and cannabis legalization is recommended to conduct studies with higher levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Tondro Anamag
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Padoan F, Colombrino C, Sciorio F, Piacentini G, Gaudino R, Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L. Concerns Related to the Consequences of Pediatric Cannabis Use: A 360-Degree View. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1721. [PMID: 38002812 PMCID: PMC10670833 DOI: 10.3390/children10111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis, a plant known for its recreational use, has gained global attention due to its widespread use and addiction potential. Derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, it contains a rich array of phytochemicals concentrated in resin-rich trichomes. The main cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors, influencing various physiological processes. Particularly concerning is its prevalence among adolescents, often driven by the need for social connection and anxiety alleviation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of cannabis use, its effects, and potential health risks, especially in adolescent consumption. It covers short-term and long-term effects on different body systems and mental health and highlights the need for informed decision making and public health initiatives, particularly regarding adolescent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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8
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Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Ababei DC, Neamțu M, Arcan OD, Macadan I, Beșchea Chiriac S, Bild W, Bild V. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists in Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1667. [PMID: 37371762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, research has greatly expanded the knowledge of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its involvement in several therapeutic applications. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are present in nearly every mammalian tissue, performing a vital role in different physiological processes (neuronal development, immune modulation, energy homeostasis). The ECS has an essential role in metabolic control and lipid signaling, making it a potential target for managing conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Its malfunction is closely linked to these pathological conditions. Additionally, the immunomodulatory function of the ECS presents a promising avenue for developing new treatments for various types of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Preclinical investigations using peripherally restricted CBR antagonists that do not cross the BBB have shown promise for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases, highlighting the importance of continuing efforts to discover novel molecules with superior safety profiles. The purpose of this review is to examine the roles of CB1R and CB2Rs, as well as their antagonists, in relation to the above-mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Neamțu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Dana Arcan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin Beșchea Chiriac
- Department of Toxicology, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, 8 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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9
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Ghosh A, Peyot ML, Leung YH, Ravenelle F, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. A peripherally restricted cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist promotes insulin secretion and protects from cytokine toxicity in human pancreatic islets. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175589. [PMID: 36773683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor CB1R is expressed in pancreatic β-cells; CB1R increased activity is associated with diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders as well as decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. CB1R was shown to signal through G-protein coupling as well as β-arrestins in β-cells. Peripherally restricted CB1R inverse agonists purportedly have beneficial effects on insulin secretion in β-cells, without the unwanted effects in the central nervous system. Here we show that a peripherally restricted CB1R inverse agonist, MRI-1891, augments glucose stimulated insulin secretion in isolated human pancreatic islets and mouse islets. The insulin secretion enhancing effect of MRI-1891 is comparable to exendin-4, an analogue of the glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1). Moreover, MRI-1891 treatment protects isolated human islet cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis, similar to exendin-4. Thus, MRI-1891, a new class of CB1R inverse agonist, may be considered a potential therapeutic for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes because of its ability to protect pancreatic β-cells from cytokine toxicity and to promote insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yat Hei Leung
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - François Ravenelle
- Inversago Pharma Inc., 1100 Rene-Levesque West, Suite 1110, Montreal, QC, H3B 4N4, Canada
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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10
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Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
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11
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Ghasemi-Gojani E, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids and terpenes for diabetes mellitus and its complications: from mechanisms to new therapies. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:828-849. [PMID: 36280497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and its complications is markedly increasing worldwide, leading to a worldwide epidemic across all age groups, from children to older adults. Diabetes is associated with premature aging. In recent years, it has been found that peripheral overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and in particular cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) signaling, plays a crucial role in the progression of insulin resistance, diabetes (especially type 2), and its aging-related comorbidities such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Therefore, it is suggested that peripheral blockade of CB1R may ameliorate diabetes and diabetes-related comorbidities. The use of synthetic CB1R antagonists such as rimonabant has been prohibited because of their psychiatric side effects. In contrast, phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), produced by cannabis, exhibit antagonistic activity on CB1R signaling and do not show any adverse side effects such as psychoactive effects, depression, or anxiety, thereby serving as potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. In addition to these phytocannabinoids, cannabis also produces a substantial number of other phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids with therapeutic potential against insulin resistance, diabetes, and its complications. In this review, the pathogenesis of diabetes, its complications, and the potential to use cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids for its treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
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12
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Busquets-García A, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Metabolic Messengers: endocannabinoids. Nat Metab 2022; 4:848-855. [PMID: 35817852 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Busquets-García
- Cell-type mechanisms in normal and pathological behavior Research Group. IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Moore BF, Sauder KA, Shapiro ALB, Crume T, Kinney GL, Dabelea D. Fetal Exposure to Cannabis and Childhood Metabolic Outcomes: The Healthy Start Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2862-e2869. [PMID: 35357471 PMCID: PMC9202691 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of fetal exposure to cannabis on adiposity and glucose-insulin traits in early life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We leveraged a subsample of 103 mother-child pairs from Healthy Start, an ethnically diverse Colorado-based cohort. Twelve cannabinoids/metabolites of cannabis (including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) were measured in maternal urine collected at ~27 weeks' gestation. Fetal exposure to cannabis was dichotomized as exposed (any cannabinoid > limit of detection [LOD]) and not exposed (all cannabinoids < LOD). Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured via air displacement plethysmography at follow-up (mean age: 4.7 years). Glucose and insulin were obtained after an overnight fast. Generalized linear models estimated the associations between fetal exposure to cannabis with adiposity measures (fat mass [kg], fat-free mass [kg], adiposity [fat mass percentage], body mass index [BMI], and BMI z-scores) and metabolic measures (glucose [mg/dL], insulin [uIU/mL], and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]). RESULTS Approximately 15% of the women had detectable levels of any cannabinoid, indicating fetal exposure to cannabis. Exposed offspring had higher fat mass (1.0 kg; 95% CI, 0.3-1.7), fat-free mass (1.2 kg; 95% CI, 0.4-2.0), adiposity (2.6%; 95% CI, 0.1-5.2), and fasting glucose (5.6 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.8-10.3) compared with nonexposed offspring. No associations were found with fasting insulin (in the fully adjusted model), HOMA-IR, BMI, or BMI z-scores. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel evidence to suggest an association between fetal exposure to cannabis with increased adiposity and fasting glucose in childhood, a finding that should be validated in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna F Moore
- Correspondence: Brianna F. Moore, PhD, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, 12474 East 19th Avenue, Campus Box F426, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail:
| | - Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Allison L B Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gregory L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Cannabinoid-Related Acute Pancreatitis: An Update from International Literature and Individual Case Safety Reports. Drug Saf 2022; 45:215-235. [PMID: 35179705 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to the growing interest of different cannabinoids for therapeutic purposes, the safety profile of these substances has changed, with the recent identification of new events such as acute pancreatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize cannabinoid-related acute pancreatitis, based on the recent literature and the analysis of pharmacovigilance data available worldwide. METHODS Nine national and international pharmacovigilance databases were requested for individual case safety reports of acute pancreatitis related to cannabinoid exposure. A systematic review was performed searching in PubMed®, Web of Science®, and Google Scholar® for any publication dealing with acute pancreatitis and cannabinoid exposure (cannabis, cannabinoid, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, nabilone, dronabinol), to identify case reports, observational studies, clinical trials, or reviews. All queries were updated on 1 January, 2021. RESULTS Twenty-two individual case safety reports were identified in the pharmacovigilance databases and 51 in the literature, corresponding to a predominantly young male population (74% of men, median age 28 interquartile range [21-39]) using recreational Cannabis sativa with high intensity. A therapeutic purpose was identified in 13 cases (including tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and dronabinol). The outcome was often favorable after dechallenge (except three deaths), and frequent recurrences were observed in the case of rechallenge or sustained consumption. Eleven cross-sectional studies and one ecological study showed an increasing trend of cannabis use in in-patients with acute pancreatitis, with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS This review underlines that acute pancreatitis is a potential adverse effect of cannabinoid use. It remains often unrecognized and can occur during recreational or therapeutic use. The development of the therapeutic use of cannabinoids in frail patients deserves a better investigation of the benefit-risk ratio of these different products.
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15
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Qi M, Kaddis JS, Chen KT, Rawson J, Omori K, Chen ZB, Dhawan S, Isenberg JS, Kandeel F, Roep BO, Al-Abdullah IH. Chronic marijuana usage by human pancreas donors is associated with impaired islet function. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258434. [PMID: 34705837 PMCID: PMC8550598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of chronic marijuana use, defined as 4 times weekly for more than 3 years, on human pancreatic islets. Pancreata from deceased donors who chronically used marijuana were compared to those from age, sex and ethnicity matched non-users. The islets from marijuana-users displayed reduced insulin secretion as compared to islets from non-users upon stimulation with high glucose (AUC, 3.41 ± 0.62 versus 5.14 ±0.47, p<0.05) and high glucose plus KCl (AUC, 4.48 ± 0.41 versus 7.69 ± 0.58, p<0.001). When human islets from chronic marijuana-users were transplanted into diabetic mice, the mean reversal rate of diabetes was 35% versus 77% in animals receiving islets from non-users (p<0.01). Immunofluorescent staining for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) was shown to be colocalized with insulin and enhanced significantly in beta cells from marijuana-users vs. non-users (CB1R intensity/islet area, 14.95 ± 2.71 vs. 3.23 ± 0.87, p<0.001). In contrast, CB1R expression was not co-localized with glucagon or somatostatin. Furthermore, isolated islets from chronic marijuana-users appeared hypertrophic. In conclusion, excessive marijuana use affects islet endocrine phenotype and function in vitro and in vivo. Given the increasing use of marijuana, our results underline the importance of including lifestyle when evaluating human islets for transplantation or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirigeng Qi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Kuan-Tsen Chen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Keiko Omori
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Bart O. Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ismail H. Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
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The Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB 1) as a Molecular Target for Modulating Body Weight in Man. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206178. [PMID: 34684760 PMCID: PMC8538448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor regulates appetite and body weight; however, unwanted central side effects of both agonists (in wasting disorders) or antagonists (in obesity and diabetes) have limited their therapeutic utility. At the peripheral level, CB1 receptor activation impacts the energy balance of mammals in a number of different ways: inhibiting satiety and emesis, increasing food intake, altering adipokine and satiety hormone levels, altering taste sensation, decreasing lipolysis (fat break down), and increasing lipogenesis (fat generation). The CB1 receptor also plays an important role in the gut–brain axis control of appetite and satiety. The combined effect of peripheral CB1 activation is to promote appetite, energy storage, and energy preservation (and the opposite is true for CB1 antagonists). Therefore, the next generation of CB1 receptor medicines (agonists and antagonists, and indirect modulators of the endocannabinoid system) have been peripherally restricted to mitigate these issues, and some of these are already in clinical stage development. These compounds also have demonstrated potential in other conditions such as alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy (peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists) and pain conditions (peripherally restricted CB1 agonists and FAAH inhibitors). This review will discuss the mechanisms by which peripheral CB1 receptors regulate body weight, and the therapeutic utility of peripherally restricted drugs in the management of body weight and beyond.
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17
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Leo LM, Abood ME. CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling and Biased Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175413. [PMID: 34500853 PMCID: PMC8433814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor highly expressed throughout the central nervous system that is a promising target for the treatment of various disorders, including anxiety, pain, and neurodegeneration. Despite the wide therapeutic potential of CB1, the development of drug candidates is hindered by adverse effects, rapid tolerance development, and abuse potential. Ligands that produce biased signaling—the preferential activation of a signaling transducer in detriment of another—have been proposed as a strategy to dissociate therapeutic and adverse effects for a variety of G-protein coupled receptors. However, biased signaling at the CB1 receptor is poorly understood due to a lack of strongly biased agonists. Here, we review studies that have investigated the biased signaling profile of classical cannabinoid agonists and allosteric ligands, searching for a potential therapeutic advantage of CB1 biased signaling in different pathological states. Agonist and antagonist bound structures of CB1 and proposed mechanisms of action of biased allosteric modulators are used to discuss a putative molecular mechanism for CB1 receptor activation and biased signaling. Current studies suggest that allosteric binding sites on CB1 can be explored to yield biased ligands that favor or hinder conformational changes important for biased signaling.
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18
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Lupse B, Annamalai K, Ibrahim H, Kaur S, Geravandi S, Sarma B, Pal A, Awal S, Joshi A, Rafizadeh S, Madduri MK, Khazaei M, Liu H, Yuan T, He W, Gorrepati KDD, Azizi Z, Qi Q, Ye K, Oberholzer J, Maedler K, Ardestani A. Inhibition of PHLPP1/2 phosphatases rescues pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109490. [PMID: 34348155 PMCID: PMC8421018 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure is the key pathogenic element of the complex metabolic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D); its underlying pathomechanism is still elusive. Here, we identify pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases 1 and 2 (PHLPP1/2) as phosphatases whose upregulation leads to β-cell failure in diabetes. PHLPP levels are highly elevated in metabolically stressed human and rodent diabetic β-cells. Sustained hyper-activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is the primary mechanism of the PHLPP upregulation linking chronic metabolic stress to ultimate β-cell death. PHLPPs directly dephosphorylate and regulate activities of β-cell survival-dependent kinases AKT and MST1, constituting a regulatory triangle loop to control β-cell apoptosis. Genetic inhibition of PHLPPs markedly improves β-cell survival and function in experimental models of diabetes in vitro, in vivo, and in primary human T2D islets. Our study presents PHLPPs as targets for functional regenerative therapy of pancreatic β cells in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaz Lupse
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bhavishya Sarma
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anasua Pal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sushil Awal
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Arundhati Joshi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sahar Rafizadeh
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Murali Krishna Madduri
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mona Khazaei
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Charles O. Strickler Transplant Center, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.
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19
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Han JH, Kim W. Peripheral CB1R as a modulator of metabolic inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21232. [PMID: 33715173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in insulin-sensitive tissues, including liver and adipose tissue, and causes hormonal/metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance. There is growing evidence that peripheral cannabinoid-type 1 receptor (CB1R) is a crucial participant in obesity-induced pro-inflammatory responses in insulin-target tissues, and its selective targeting could be a novel therapeutic strategy to break the link between insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation. In this review, we introduce the role of peripheral CB1R in metabolic inflammation and as a mediator of hormonal/metabolic complications that underlie metabolic syndrome, including fatty liver, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of second- and third-generation peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists for treating obesity-induced metabolic inflammation without eliciting central CB1R-mediated neurobehavioral effects, predictive of neuropsychiatric side effects, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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20
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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061279. [PMID: 34064024 PMCID: PMC8224009 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of processes including the control of energy acquisition and expenditure. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are present in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, notably the adipose tissues. The endocannabinoid system interacts with two main hormones regulating appetite, namely leptin and ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist rimonabant on fat mass suggested that the endocannabinoid system can also have a peripheral action in addition to its effect on appetite reduction. Thus, several investigations have focused on the peripheral role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of metabolism. The white adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides while the brown adipose tissue helps to dissipate energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system regulates several functions of the adipose tissues to favor energy accumulation. In this review we will describe the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the adipose tissue. We will survey the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of white and brown adipose tissue metabolism and how the eCB system participates in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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21
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González-Mariscal I, Carmona-Hidalgo B, Winkler M, Unciti-Broceta JD, Escamilla A, Gómez-Cañas M, Fernández-Ruiz J, Fiebich BL, Romero-Zerbo SY, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Collado JA, Muñoz E. (+)-trans-Cannabidiol-2-hydroxy pentyl is a dual CB 1R antagonist/CB 2R agonist that prevents diabetic nephropathy in mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105492. [PMID: 34019978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural cannabidiol ((-)-CBD) and its derivatives have increased interest for medicinal applications due to their broad biological activity spectrum, including targeting of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R). Herein, we synthesized the (+)-enantiomer of CBD and its derivative (+)-CBD hydroxypentylester ((+)-CBD-HPE) that showed enhanced CB1R and CB2R binding and functional activities compared to their respective (-) enantiomers. (+)-CBD-HPE Ki values for CB1R and CB2R were 3.1 ± 1.1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 nM respectively acting as CB1R antagonist and CB2R agonist. We further tested the capacity of (+)-CBD-HPE to prevent hyperglycemia and its complications in a mouse model. (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by preserving pancreatic beta cell mass. (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced activation of NF-κB by phosphorylation by 15% compared to STZ-vehicle mice, and CD3+ T cell infiltration into the islets was avoided. Consequently, (+)-CBD-HPE prevented STZ-induced apoptosis in islets. STZ induced inflammation and kidney damage, visualized by a significant increase in plasma proinflammatory cytokines, creatinine, and BUN. Treatment with (+)-CBD-HPE significantly reduced 2.5-fold plasma IFN-γ and increased 3-fold IL-5 levels compared to STZ-treated mice, without altering IL-18. (+)-CBD-HPE also significantly reduced creatinine and BUN levels to those comparable to healthy controls. At the macroscopy level, (+)-CBD-HPE prevented STZ-induced lesions in the kidney and voided renal fibrosis and CD3+ T cell infiltration. Thus, (+)-enantiomers of CBD, particularly (+)-CBD-HPE, have a promising potential due to their pharmacological profile and synthesis, potentially to be used for metabolic and immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - María Gómez-Cañas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, CIBERNED and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense, CIBERNED and IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Silvana-Yanina Romero-Zerbo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Bermúdez-Silva
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Collado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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22
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Rohbeck E, Eckel J, Romacho T. Cannabinoid Receptors in Metabolic Regulation and Diabetes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:102-113. [PMID: 33595385 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing effective drugs to combat the obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics. The endocannabinoid system plays a major role in energy homeostasis. It comprises the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), endogenous ligands called endocannabinoids and their metabolizing enzymes. Because the CB1 receptor is overactivated in metabolic alterations, pharmacological blockade of the CB1 receptor arose as a promising candidate to treat obesity. However, because of the wide distribution of CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, their negative central effects halted further therapeutic use. Although the CB2 receptor is mostly peripherally expressed, its role in metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. This review discusses the potential of CB1 and CB2 receptors at the peripheral level to be therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases. We focus on the impact of pharmacological intervention and/or silencing on peripheral cannabinoid receptors in organs/tissues relevant for energy homeostasis. Moreover, we provide a perspective on novel therapeutic strategies modulating these receptors. Targeting CB1 with peripherally restricted antagonists, neutral antagonists, inverse agonists, or monoclonal antibodies could represent successful strategies. CB2 agonism has shown promising results at preclinical level. Beyond classic antagonism and agonism targeting orthosteric sites, the recently described crystal structures of CB1 and CB2 open new possibilities for therapeutic interventions with negative and positive allosteric modulators. The challenge of simultaneously targeting CB1 and CB2 might be possible by developing dual-steric ligands. The future will tell whether these promising strategies result in a renaissance of the cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Juergen Eckel
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Laguerre A, Keutler K, Hauke S, Schultz C. Regulation of Calcium Oscillations in β-Cells by Co-activated Cannabinoid Receptors. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:88-96.e3. [PMID: 33147441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of pancreatic β cells targeting cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) has been shown to result in significant effects on insulin release, possibly by modulating intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i). It is unclear how the interplay of CB1 and CB2 affects insulin secretion. Here, we demonstrate by the use of highly specific receptor antagonists and the recently developed photo-releasable endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol that both receptors have counteracting effects on cytosolic calcium oscillations. We further show that both receptors are juxtaposed in a way that increases [Ca2+]i oscillations in silent β cells but dampens them in active ones. This study highlights a functional role of CB1 and CB2 acting in concert as a compensator/attenuator switch for regulating β cell excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Laguerre
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Kaya Keutler
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sebastian Hauke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Aseer KR, Egan JM. An Autonomous Cannabinoid System in Islets of Langerhans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:699661. [PMID: 34290671 PMCID: PMC8287299 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.699661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While endocannabinoids (ECs) and cannabis were primarily studied for their nervous system effects, it is now clear that ECs are also produced in the periphery where they regulate several physiological processes, including energy storage, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin secretion and synthesis, and hepatocyte function. Within islet of Langerhans there is an autonomous EC system (ECS). Beta (β)-cells contain all the enzymes necessary for EC synthesis and degradation; ECs are generated in response to cellular depolarization; their paracrine influence on β-cells is mostly through the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) that is present on all β-cells; they modulate basal and glucose- and incretin-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell responses to various stressors. Furthermore, there is now accumulating evidence from preclinical studies that the autonomous islet ECS is a key player in obesity-induced inflammation in islets, and β-cell damage and apoptosis from many causes can be mitigated by CB1R blockers. We will thoroughly review the literature relevant to the effects of ECs and their receptors on β-cells and the other cell types within islets. Therapeutic potential of agents targeting EC/CB1R and CB2R is highly relevant because the receptors belong to the druggable G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Present research in the ECS must be considered preliminary, especially with regards to human islet physiology, and further research is needed in order to translate basic cellular findings into clinical practice and the use of safe, clinically approved CBR modulators with and without glucose lowering combinations presently in therapeutic use for diabetes and obesity needs to be studied.
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Buch C, Muller T, Leemput J, Passilly-Degrace P, Ortega-Deballon P, Pais de Barros JP, Vergès B, Jourdan T, Demizieux L, Degrace P. Endocannabinoids Produced by White Adipose Tissue Modulate Lipolysis in Lean but Not in Obese Rodent and Human. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716431. [PMID: 34434170 PMCID: PMC8382141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) possesses the endocannabinoid system (ECS) machinery and produces the two major endocannabinoids (ECs), arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Accumulating evidence indicates that WAT cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1R) are involved in the regulation of fat storage, tissue remodeling and secretory functions but their role in controlling lipid mobilization is unclear. In the present study, we used different strategies to acutely increase ECS activity in WAT and tested the consequences on glycerol production as a marker of lipolysis. Treating lean mice or rat WAT explants with JLZ195, which inhibits ECs degrading enzymes, induced an increase in 2-AG tissue contents that was associated with a CB1R-dependent decrease in lipolysis. Direct treatment of rat WAT explants with AEA also inhibited glycerol production while mechanistic studies revealed it could result from the stimulation of Akt-signaling pathway. Interestingly, AEA treatment decreased lipolysis both in visceral and subcutaneous WAT collected on lean subjects suggesting that ECS also reduces fat store mobilization in Human. In obese mice, WAT content and secretion rate of ECs were higher than in control while glycerol production was reduced suggesting that over-produced ECs may inhibit lipolysis activating local CB1R. Strikingly, our data also reveal that acute CB1R blockade with Rimonabant did not modify lipolysis in vitro in obese mice and human explants nor in vivo in obese mice. Taken together, these data provide physiological evidence that activation of ECS in WAT, by limiting fat mobilization, may participate in the progressive tissue remodeling that could finally lead to organ dysfunction. The present findings also indicate that acute CB1R blockade is inefficient in regulating lipolysis in obese WAT and raise the possibility of an alteration of CB1R signaling in conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Buch
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tania Muller
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Leemput
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Passilly-Degrace
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pablo Ortega-Deballon
- Department of Digestive, Thoracic and Surgical Oncology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Bruno Vergès
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Demizieux
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Pascal Degrace,
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Nasser Y, Woo M, Andrews CN. Cannabis in Gastroenterology: Watch Your Head! A Review of Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Functional Gut Disorders, and Gut-Related Adverse Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 18:519-530. [PMID: 33250629 PMCID: PMC7680210 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-020-00323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review To review recent clinical evidence surrounding the use of cannabinoids and cannabis in gastrointestinal diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and functional gut disorders. A second aim is to evaluate the current status of gastrointestinal related adverse effects which have been linked to cannabis use, specifically cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and acute pancreatitis. Recent findings Observational and prospective studies suggest that cannabinoids improve IBD symptoms. Small prospective clinical trials have not shown any effects on objective inflammatory findings, other than one recent paper in ulcerative colitis, in abstract form only, which suggests endoscopic improvement. Short duration mechanistic studies in functional gut disorders suggest cannabinoids may attenuate gastric emptying and slow colonic motility but appear to have less effect on sensory thresholds in the gut. Summary In general, while mostly uncontrolled data suggests cannabis may improve symptoms in IBD (and to a lesser degree functional gut disorders), this is not likely due to any substantial anti-inflammatory effect. Much remains unknown about CHS etiology and complete abstinence from cannabinoids remains the generally accepted treatment strategy. Population-based studies do not suggest that cannabis use is related to acute pancreatitis. Further research is certainly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Matthew Woo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Christopher N. Andrews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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Ruz-Maldonado I, Liu B, Atanes P, Pingitore A, Huang GC, Choudhary P, Persaud SJ. The cannabinoid ligands SR141716A and AM251 enhance human and mouse islet function via GPR55-independent signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4709-4723. [PMID: 31925452 PMCID: PMC7599183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. They interact with the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, and it is now apparent that some cannabinoid receptor ligands are also agonists at GPR55. Thus, CB1 antagonists such as SR141716A, also known as rimonabant, and AM251 act as GPR55 agonists in some cell types. The complex pharmacological properties of cannabinoids make it difficult to fully identify the relative importance of CB1 and GPR55 in the functional effects of SR141716A, and AM251. Here, we determine whether SR141716A and AM251 regulation of mouse and human islet function is through their action as GPR55 agonists. METHODS Islets isolated from Gpr55+/+ and Gpr55-/- mice and human donors were incubated in the absence or presence of 10 µM SR141716A or AM251, concentrations that are known to activate GPR55. Insulin secretion, cAMP, IP1, apoptosis and β-cell proliferation were quantified by standard techniques. RESULTS Our results provide the first evidence that SR141716A and AM251 are not GPR55 agonists in islets, as their effects are maintained in islets isolated from Gpr55-/- mice. Their signalling through Gq-coupled cascades to induce insulin secretion and human β-cell proliferation, and protect against apoptosis in vitro, indicate that they have direct beneficial effects on islet function. CONCLUSION These observations may be useful in directing development of peripherally restricted novel therapeutics that are structurally related to SR141716A and AM251, and which potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Patricio Atanes
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Attilio Pingitore
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guo Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Kalwat MA, Huang Z, Binns DD, McGlynn K, Cobb MH. α 2-Adrenergic Disruption of β Cell BDNF-TrkB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576396. [PMID: 33178692 PMCID: PMC7593622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic signaling is a well-known input into pancreatic islet function. Specifically, the insulin-secreting islet β cell expresses the Gi/o-linked α2-adrenergic receptor, which upon activation suppresses insulin secretion. The use of the adrenergic agonist epinephrine at micromolar doses may have supraphysiological effects. We found that pretreating β cells with micromolar concentrations of epinephrine differentially inhibited activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. We chose TrkB as an example because of its relative sensitivity to the effects of epinephrine and due to its potential regulatory role in the β cell. Our characterization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling in MIN6 β cells showed that TrkB is activated by BDNF as expected, leading to canonical TrkB autophosphorylation and subsequent downstream signaling, as well as chronic effects on β cell growth. Micromolar, but not nanomolar, concentrations of epinephrine blocked BDNF-induced TrkB autophosphorylation and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, suggesting an inhibitory phenomenon at the receptor level. We determined epinephrine-mediated inhibition of TrkB activation to be Gi/o-dependent using pertussis toxin, arguing against an off-target effect of high-dose epinephrine. Published data suggested that inhibition of potassium channels or phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling may abrogate the negative effects of epinephrine; however, these did not rescue TrkB signaling in our experiments. Taken together, these results show that (1) TrkB kinase signaling occurs in β cells and (2) use of epinephrine in studies of insulin secretion requires careful consideration of concentration-dependent effects. BDNF-TrkB signaling in β cells may underlie pro-survival or growth signaling and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Kalwat
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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The effects of recreational cannabis use on glycemic outcomes and self-management behaviours in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a rapid review. Syst Rev 2020; 9:187. [PMID: 32807222 PMCID: PMC7433109 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent surveys of Canadian cannabis users reflect increasing consumption rates, some of whom may have diabetes. However, healthcare providers have limited information resources on the effects of recreational cannabis in people with diabetes. This rapid review was commissioned by Diabetes Canada to synthesize available evidence to guide recommendations for care of people 13 years of age and older who live with diabetes. METHODS PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2019. Study selection, data abstraction and quality appraisal were completed by pairs of reviewers working independently and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer with pilot tests completed before each stage to ensure consistency. Data collected from included studies were tabulated and summarized descriptively. RESULTS The search resulted in 1848 citations of which 59 publications were selected for screening, resulting in six observational studies (2 full-text articles and 4 conference abstracts) that met the pre-defined criteria for inclusion. Five studies reported higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who consumed recreational cannabis. In one study, students aged 17 to 25 years living with T1D self-reported poorer glycemic control and higher HbA1c when smoking cannabis. In one study of adults with T1D, cannabis use within the previous 12 months was associated with almost double the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis compared with no cannabis use (odds ratio [OR] 1.98; confidence interval [CI] [95% CI] 1.01-3.91). Risks for peripheral arterial occlusion and myocardial infarction were found to be higher in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who consumed recreational cannabis, and worse renal parameters were also reported in two separate studies of T1D and T2D. CONCLUSIONS Recreational cannabis use may negatively impact diabetes metabolic factors and self-management behaviours in people with T1D. In people with T2D, recreational cannabis may increase risks for peripheral arterial occlusion, myocardial infarction and renal disease. However, the evidence base of this rapid review was limited to six observational studies of poor to fair methodological quality, and thus, further robust, higher quality research is required to confirm the potential impact of cannabis on diabetes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019122829.
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30
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Pedro JR, Moura LIF, Valério-Fernandes Â, Baptista FI, Gaspar JM, Pinheiro BS, Lemos C, Kaufmann FN, Morgado C, Silva-Santos CSD, Tavares I, Ferreira SG, Carvalho E, Ambrósio AF, Cunha RA, Duarte JMN, Köfalvi A. Transient gain of function of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in the control of frontocortical glucose consumption in a rat model of Type-1 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:106-115. [PMID: 32428627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we aimed to unify some previous controversial reports on changes in both cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression and glucose metabolism in the forebrain of rodent models of diabetes. We determined how glucose metabolism and its modulation by CB1R ligands evolve in the frontal cortex of young adult male Wistar rats, in the first 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes (T1D). We report that frontocortical CB1R protein density was biphasically altered in the first month of T1D, which was accompanied with a reduction of resting glucose uptake ex vivo in acute frontocortical slices that was normalized after eight weeks in T1D. This early reduction of glucose uptake in slices was also restored by ex vivo treatment with both the non-selective CB1R agonists, WIN55212-2 (500 nM) and the CB1R-selective agonist, ACEA (3 μM) while it was exacerbated by the CB1R-selective antagonist, O-2050 (500 nM). These results suggest a gain-of-function for the cerebrocortical CB1Rs in the control of glucose uptake in diabetes. Although insulin and IGF-1 receptor protein densities remained unaffected, phosphorylated GSKα and GSKβ levels showed different profiles 2 and 8 weeks after T1D induction in the frontal cortex. Altogether, the biphasic response in frontocortical CB1R density within a month after T1D induction resolves previous controversial reports on forebrain CB1R levels in T1D rodent models. Furthermore, this study also hints that cannabinoids may be useful to alleviate impaired glucoregulation in the diabetic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis Pedro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liane I F Moura
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Valério-Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Pinheiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Morgado
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S da Silva-Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - António F Ambrósio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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31
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The therapeutic potential of second and third generation CB1R antagonists. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Garcia-Serrano AM, Duarte JMN. Brain Metabolism Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes: What Did We Learn From Diet-Induced Diabetes Models? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:229. [PMID: 32265637 PMCID: PMC7101159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with impact on brain function through mechanisms that include glucose toxicity, vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance, synaptic failure, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. Rodent models have been developed for investigating T2D, and have contributed to our understanding of mechanisms involved in T2D-induced brain dysfunction. Namely, mice or rats exposed to diabetogenic diets that are rich in fat and/or sugar have been widely used since they develop memory impairment, especially in tasks that depend on hippocampal processing. Here we summarize main findings on brain energy metabolism alterations underlying dysfunction of neuronal and glial cells promoted by diet-induced metabolic syndrome that progresses to a T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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33
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Targeting GPCRs Activated by Fatty Acid-Derived Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:915-929. [PMID: 31377146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most intensively studied drug targets, because of their diversity, cell-specific expression, and druggable sites accessible at the cell surface. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that targeting GPCRs activated by fatty acid-derived lipids may have potential to improve glucose homeostasis and reduce complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the discontinued development of fasiglifam (TAK-875), the first FFA1 agonist to reach late-stage clinical trials, lipid-sensing receptors remain a viable target, albeit with a need for further characterization of their binding mode, intracellular signaling, and toxicity. Herein, we analyze general discovery trends, various signaling pathways, as well as possible challenges following activation of GPCRs that have been validated clinically to control blood glucose levels.
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Role of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 in Insulin Resistance and Its Biological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092109. [PMID: 31035653 PMCID: PMC6540410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids (ECs) are lipid-signaling molecules that specifically bind to cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R) and are highly expressed in central and many peripheral tissues under pathological conditions. Activation of hepatic CB1R is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired metabolic function, owing to increased energy intake and storage, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Additionally, blocking peripheral CB1R improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and also reduces hepatic steatosis and body weight in obese mice. Thus, targeting EC receptors, especially CB1R, may provide a potential therapeutic strategy against obesity and insulin resistance. There are many CB1R antagonists, including inverse agonists and natural compounds that target CB1R and can reduce body weight, adiposity, and hepatic steatosis, and those that improve insulin sensitivity and reverse leptin resistance. Recently, the use of CB1R antagonists was suspended due to adverse central effects, and this caused a major setback in the development of CB1R antagonists. Recent studies, however, have focused on development of antagonists lacking adverse effects. In this review, we detail the important role of CB1R in hepatic insulin resistance and the possible underlying mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of CB1R targeting is also discussed.
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35
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Hancock ML, Meyer RC, Mistry M, Khetani RS, Wagschal A, Shin T, Ho Sui SJ, Näär AM, Flanagan JG. Insulin Receptor Associates with Promoters Genome-wide and Regulates Gene Expression. Cell 2019; 177:722-736.e22. [PMID: 30955890 PMCID: PMC6478446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) signaling is central to normal metabolic control and dysregulated in prevalent chronic diseases. IR binds insulin at the cell surface and transduces rapid signaling via cytoplasmic kinases. However, mechanisms mediating long-term effects of insulin remain unclear. Here, we show that IR associates with RNA polymerase II in the nucleus, with striking enrichment at promoters genome-wide. The target genes were highly enriched for insulin-related functions including lipid metabolism and protein synthesis and diseases including diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. IR chromatin binding was increased by insulin and impaired in an insulin-resistant disease model. Promoter binding by IR was mediated by coregulator host cell factor-1 (HCF-1) and transcription factors, revealing an HCF-1-dependent pathway for gene regulation by insulin. These results show that IR interacts with transcriptional machinery at promoters and identify a pathway regulating genes linked to insulin's effects in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Hancock
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Present address: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Meyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Meeta Mistry
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Radhika S. Khetani
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Wagschal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA,Present address: Exonics Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan J. Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders M. Näär
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA,Present address: Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
94720, USA
| | - John G. Flanagan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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González-Mariscal I, Montoro RA, O'Connell JF, Kim Y, Gonzalez-Freire M, Liu QR, Alfaras I, Carlson OD, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Hardivillé S, Ghosh P, Egan JM. Muscle cannabinoid 1 receptor regulates Il-6 and myostatin expression, governing physical performance and whole-body metabolism. FASEB J 2019; 33:5850-5863. [PMID: 30726112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, the combination of skeletal muscle mass and function loss with an increase in body fat, is associated with physical limitations, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic stress, and increased risk of mortality. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) plays a critical role in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism because of its involvement in controlling appetite, fuel distribution, and utilization. Inhibition of CB1R improves insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. We have now developed a skeletal muscle-specific CB1R-knockout (Skm-CB1R-/-) mouse to study the specific role of CB1R in muscle. Muscle-CB1R ablation prevented diet-induced and age-induced insulin resistance by increasing IR signaling. Moreover, muscle-CB1R ablation enhanced AKT signaling, reducing myostatin expression and increasing IL-6 secretion. Subsequently, muscle-CB1R ablation increased myogenesis through its action on MAPK-mediated myogenic gene expression. Consequently, Skm-CB1R-/- mice had increased muscle mass and whole-body lean/fat ratio in obesity and aging. Muscle-CB1R ablation improved mitochondrial performance, leading to increased whole-body muscle energy expenditure and improved physical endurance, with no change in body weight. These results collectively show that CB1R in muscle is sufficient to regulate whole-body metabolism and physical performance and is a novel target for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity. -González-Mariscal, I., Montoro, R. A., O'Connell, J. F., Kim, Y., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Liu, Q.-R., Alfaras, I., Carlson, O. D., Lehrmann, E., Zhang, Y., Becker, K. G., Hardivillé, S., Ghosh, P., Egan, J. M. Muscle cannabinoid 1 receptor regulates Il-6 and myostatin expression, governing physical performance and whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Montoro
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoo Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Unité Propre de Recherche (UMR) 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionelle (UGSF), Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Moura LIF, Lemos C, Ledent C, Carvalho E, Köfalvi A. Chronic insulinopenia/hyperglycemia decreases cannabinoid CB 1 receptor density and impairs glucose uptake in the mouse forebrain. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:101-109. [PMID: 30721768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both endocannabinoids and insulin regulate peripheral and cerebral glucose homeostasis via convergent signaling pathways that are impacted by diabetes. Here we asked how glucose metabolism and important facets of insulin signaling are affected in the forebrain of cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice (CB1R-KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, seven weeks after the induction of insulinopenia/hyperglycemia (diabetes) with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. Sham-injected animals served as control. Diabetes caused milder weight loss in the WT mice compared to the phenotypically ˜11% leaner CB1R-KO, while hyperglycemia was similar. Resting [3H]deoxyglucose uptake was significantly reduced by ˜20% in acute ex vivo frontocortical and hippocampal slices obtained from both the sham-injected CB1R-KO and the diabetic WT mice. Surprisingly, the third cohort, the diabetic CB1R-KO showed no further impairment in glucose uptake, as compared to the sham-injected CB1R-KO. Depolarization-induced [3H]deoxyglucose uptake was proportional to the respective resting values only in the cortex in all four cohorts. The dissipative metabolism of [14C]-U-glucose remained largely unaffected in all cohorts of animals. However, diabetes reduced cortical CB1R density by ˜20%, as assessed by Western blotting. Albeit the changes in insulin signaling did not reflect the glucose uptake profile in each cohort, there were significant interactions between diabetes and genotype. In conclusion, a chronic decrease or lack of CB1R expression reduces glucose uptake in the mouse brain. Additionally, diabetes failed to cause further impairment in cerebral glucose uptake in the CB1R-KO. These suggest that diabetic encephalopathy may be in part associated with lower CB1R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane I F Moura
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Han JH, Shin H, Park JY, Rho JG, Son DH, Kim KW, Seong JK, Yoon SH, Kim W. A novel peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, AJ5012, improves metabolic outcomes and suppresses adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:4314-4326. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801152rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
| | - Hanho Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
| | - Dong Hwee Son
- Department of Oral BiologyYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul South Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral BiologyYonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and GenomicsResearch Institute for Veterinary ScienceCollege of Veterinary Medicine Seoul South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC)Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University Suwon South Korea
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Jeong DE, Heo S, Han JH, Lee EY, Kulkarni RN, Kim W. Glucose Controls the Expression of Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein 1 via the Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β Cells. Mol Cells 2018; 41:909-916. [PMID: 30165730 PMCID: PMC6199568 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic β cells, glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of insulin at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), also named hnRNP I, acts as a critical mediator of insulin biosynthesis through binding to the pyrimidine-rich region in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of insulin mRNA. However, the underlying mechanism that regulates its expression in β cells is unclear. Here, we report that glucose induces the expression of PTBP1 via the insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathway in β cells. PTBP1 is present in β cells of both mouse and monkey, where its levels are increased by glucose and insulin, but not by insulin-like growth factor 1. PTBP1 levels in immortalized β cells established from wild-type (βIRWT) mice are higher than levels in β cells established from IR-null (βIRKO) mice, and ectopic re-expression of IR-WT in βIRKO cells restored PTBP1 levels. However, PTBP1 levels were not altered in βIRKO cells transfected with IR-3YA, in which the Tyr1158/1162/1163 residues are substituted with Ala. Consistently, treatment with glucose or insulin elevated PTBP1 levels in βIRWT cells, but not in βIRKO cells. In addition, silencing Akt significantly lowered PTBP1 levels. Thus, our results identify insulin as a pivotal mediator of glucose-induced PTBP1 expression in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Jeong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Sungeun Heo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Eun-young Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215,
USA
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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Perez PA, DiPatrizio NV. Impact of maternal western diet-induced obesity on offspring mortality and peripheral endocannabinoid system in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205021. [PMID: 30273406 PMCID: PMC6166980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two-thirds of adults in the United States are obese or overweight, which is largely due to chronic overconsumption of diets high in fats and sugars (i.e., Western diet). Recent studies reveal that maternal obesity may predispose offspring to development of obesity and other metabolic diseases; however, the molecular underpinnings of these outcomes are largely unknown. The endocannabinoid system is an important signaling pathway that controls feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, and its activity becomes upregulated in the upper small intestinal epithelium of Western diet-induced obese mice, which drives overeating. In the current investigation, we examined the impact of chronic maternal consumption of Western diet on the expression and function of the endocannabinoid system in several peripheral organs important for food intake and energy homeostasis in offspring. Female C57BL/6Tac mice were fed a Western diet or low-fat/no-sucrose control chow for 10 weeks, then males were introduced for mating. Dams were maintained on their respective diets through weaning of pups, at which time pups were maintained on low-fat/no-sucrose chow for 10 weeks. Neonates born from dams fed Western diet, when compared to those born from mice fed control chow, unexpectedly displayed increases in mortality that occurred exclusively within six days following birth (greater than 50% mortality). Males comprised a larger fraction of surviving offspring from obese dams. Furthermore, surviving offspring displayed transient increases in body mass for first two days post weaning, and no marked changes in feeding patterns and endocannabinoid levels in upper small intestinal epithelium, pancreas, and plasma, or in expression of key endocannabinoid system genes in the upper small intestinal epithelium and pancreas at 10 weeks post-weaning. Collectively, these results suggest that maternal diet composition greatly influences survival of neonate C57BL/6Tac mice, and that surviving offspring from dams chronically fed a Western diet do not display marked changes in body mass, eating patterns, or expression and function of the endocannabinoid system in several peripheral organs important for feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Perez
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas V. DiPatrizio
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside CA, United States of America
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Kim C, Jeong DE, Heo S, Ji E, Rho JG, Jung M, Ahn S, Kim YJ, Kim YS, Nam SW, Kulkarni RN, Lee KB, Lee EK, Kim W. Reduced expression of the RNA-binding protein HuD in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors correlates with low p27 Kip1 levels and poor prognosis. J Pathol 2018; 246:231-243. [PMID: 30014466 DOI: 10.1002/path.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), there is significant malignant potential with a poor prognosis; however, the molecular abnormalities and pathogenesis of pancreatic NETs have not been firmly established. Here, we report that loss of expression of the RNA-binding protein HuD correlates with low p27Kip1 (p27) levels and poor prognosis in pancreatic NETs. HuD expression was frequently lost in many human pancreatic NETs, and these pancreatic NETs showed aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes with low p27 levels, increased tumor size, higher World Health Organization grade and pT stage of the tumor, and the presence of angioinvasion. Furthermore, loss of HuD was an independent, progression-free prognostic factor in multivariate survival analysis. However, the level of HuR, a member of the same Hu protein family as HuD, was not significantly correlated with pancreatic NET size and progression. Mechanistically, HuD enhanced p27 mRNA translation by interacting with both the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and the 3'-UTR of p27 mRNA, and consequently suppressed cell cycle progression and tumor growth. In addition, HuD competed with miR-30a-3p for binding to the 3'-UTR of p27 mRNA, suggesting an interplay between HuD and miR-30a-3p in controlling p27 translation. Our results identify HuD as a pivotal suppressor of pancreatic NET growth, and suggest that HuD has potential value as a prognostic factor of pancreatic NETs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Heo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunbyul Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myeongwoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sojin Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyoung Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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González-Mariscal I, Egan JM. Endocannabinoids in the Islets of Langerhans: the ugly, the bad, and the good facts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E174-E179. [PMID: 29631361 PMCID: PMC6139496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates cellular homeostasis and whole-body metabolism. There is an autonomous ECS in the endocrine pancreas, including the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) that is present in β-cells. Here, we discuss conflicts that have arisen with regard to the function(s) of the ECs in the endocrine pancreas and that have caused confusion when defining the role of the ECS in islets of Langerhans, especially the role(s) of CB1R in β-cells. We also discuss the latest data published concerning the ECS in islets. CB1R in particular is not simply a negative modulator of insulin secretion as it is also involved in intra-islet inflammation during high fat-high sugar intake and it is a negative regulator of β-cell viability and turnover. We also discuss the feasibility of using CB1R as a target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
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González-Mariscal I, Montoro RA, Doyle ME, Liu QR, Rouse M, O'Connell JF, Santa-Cruz Calvo S, Krzysik-Walker SM, Ghosh S, Carlson OD, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Chia CW, Ghosh P, Egan JM. Absence of cannabinoid 1 receptor in beta cells protects against high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced beta cell dysfunction and inflammation in murine islets. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1470-1483. [PMID: 29497784 PMCID: PMC6201315 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. CB1R is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and is coupled to the G protein Gαi, suggesting a negative regulation of endogenous signalling in the beta cell. Deciphering the exact function of CB1R in beta cells has been confounded by the expression of this receptor on multiple tissues involved in regulating metabolism. Thus, in models of global genetic or pharmacological CB1R blockade, it is difficult to distinguish the indirect effects of improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues from the direct effects of inhibiting CB1R in beta cells per se. To assess the direct contribution of beta cell CB1R to metabolism, we designed a mouse model that allows us to determine the role of CB1R specifically in beta cells in the context of whole-body metabolism. METHODS We generated a beta cell specific Cnr1 (CB1R) knockout mouse (β-CB1R-/-) to study the long-term consequences of CB1R ablation on beta cell function in adult mice. We measured beta cell function, proliferation and viability in these mice in response to a high-fat/high-sugar diet and induction of acute insulin resistance with the insulin receptor antagonist S961. RESULTS β-CB1R-/- mice had increased fasting (153 ± 23% increase at 10 weeks of age) and stimulated insulin secretion and increased intra-islet cAMP levels (217 ± 33% increase at 10 weeks of age), resulting in primary hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased beta cell viability, proliferation and islet area (1.9-fold increase at 10 weeks of age). Hyperinsulinaemia led to insulin resistance, which was aggravated by a high-fat/high-sugar diet and weight gain, although beta cells maintained their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose. Strikingly, islets from β-CB1R-/- mice were protected from diet-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that this is a consequence of curtailment of oxidative stress and reduced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate CB1R to be a negative regulator of beta cell function and a mediator of islet inflammation under conditions of metabolic stress. Our findings point to beta cell CB1R as a therapeutic target, and broaden its potential to include anti-inflammatory effects in both major forms of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY Microarray data have been deposited at GEO (GSE102027).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Montoro
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael Rouse
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020055. [PMID: 29849009 PMCID: PMC6027162 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of body weight is fundamental to maintain one's health and to promote longevity. Nevertheless, it appears that the global obesity epidemic is still constantly increasing. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid messengers that are involved in overall body weight control by interfering with manifold central and peripheral regulatory circuits that orchestrate energy homeostasis. Initially, blocking of eCB signaling by first generation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists such as rimonabant revealed body weight-reducing effects in laboratory animals and men. Unfortunately, rimonabant also induced severe psychiatric side effects. At this point, it became clear that future cannabinoid research has to decipher more precisely the underlying central and peripheral mechanisms behind eCB-driven control of feeding behavior and whole body energy metabolism. Here, we will summarize the most recent advances in understanding how central eCBs interfere with circuits in the brain that control food intake and energy expenditure. Next, we will focus on how peripheral eCBs affect food digestion, nutrient transformation and energy expenditure by interfering with signaling cascades in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat depots and endocrine glands. To finally outline the safe future potential of cannabinoids as medicines, our overall goal is to address the molecular, cellular and pharmacological logic behind central and peripheral eCB-mediated body weight control, and to figure out how these precise mechanistic insights are currently transferred into the development of next generation cannabinoid medicines displaying clearly improved safety profiles, such as significantly reduced side effects.
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Shin H, Han JH, Yoon J, Sim HJ, Park TJ, Yang S, Lee EK, Kulkarni RN, Egan JM, Kim W. Blockade of cannabinoid 1 receptor improves glucose responsiveness in pancreatic beta cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2337-2345. [PMID: 29431265 PMCID: PMC5867156 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are expressed in peripheral tissues, including islets of Langerhans, where their function(s) is under scrutiny. Using mouse β-cell lines, human islets and CB1R-null (CB1R-/- ) mice, we have now investigated the role of CB1Rs in modulating β-cell function and glucose responsiveness. Synthetic CB1R agonists diminished GLP-1-mediated cAMP accumulation and insulin secretion as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse β-cell lines and human islets. In addition, silencing CB1R in mouse β cells resulted in an increased expression of pro-insulin, glucokinase (GCK) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), but this increase was lost in β cells lacking insulin receptor. Furthermore, CB1R-/- mice had increased pro-insulin, GCK and GLUT2 expression in β cells. Our results suggest that CB1R signalling in pancreatic islets may be harnessed to improve β-cell glucose responsiveness and preserve their function. Thus, our findings further support that blocking peripheral CB1Rs would be beneficial to β-cell function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanho Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Sim
- School of Life ScienceUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanSouth Korea
- Center for Genomic IntegrityInstitute for Basic ScienceUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- School of Life ScienceUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanSouth Korea
- Center for Genomic IntegrityInstitute for Basic ScienceUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of PharmacologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAjou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative BiologyJoslin Diabetes Center and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard Stem Cell InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
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46
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mTORC2 Signaling: A Path for Pancreatic β Cell's Growth and Function. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:904-918. [PMID: 29481838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway that senses signals from nutrients and growth factors to regulate cell growth, metabolism and survival. mTOR acts in two biochemically and functionally distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), which differ in terms of regulatory mechanisms, substrate specificity and functional outputs. While mTORC1 signaling has been extensively studied in islet/β-cell biology, recent findings demonstrate a distinct role for mTORC2 in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function and mass. mTORC2, a key component of the growth factor receptor signaling, is declined in β cells under diabetogenic conditions and in pancreatic islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. β cell-selective mTORC2 inactivation leads to glucose intolerance and acceleration of diabetes as a result of reduced β-cell mass, proliferation and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Thereby, many mTORC2 targets, such as AKT, PKC, FOXO1, MST1 and cell cycle regulators, play an important role in β-cell survival and function. This indicates mTORC2 as important pathway for the maintenance of β-cell homeostasis, particularly to sustain proper β-cell compensatory response in the presence of nutrient overload and metabolic demand. This review summarizes recent emerging advances on the contribution of mTORC2 and its associated signaling on the regulation of glucose metabolism and functional β-cell mass under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in type 2 diabetes.
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Muller T, Demizieux L, Troy-Fioramonti S, Gresti J, Pais de Barros JP, Berger H, Vergès B, Degrace P. Overactivation of the endocannabinoid system alters the antilipolytic action of insulin in mouse adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E26-E36. [PMID: 28325733 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00374.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that obesity-related metabolic dysregulation is associated with overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which involves cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), in peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue (AT). The functional consequences of CB1R activation on AT metabolism remain unclear. Since excess fat mobilization is considered an important primary event contributing to the onset of insulin resistance, we combined in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate whether activation of ECS could alter the lipolytic rate. For this purpose, the appearance of plasma glycerol was measured in wild-type and CB1R-/- mice after acute anandamide administration or inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation by JZL195. Additional experiments were conducted on rat AT explants to evaluate the direct consequences of ECS activation on glycerol release and signaling pathways. Treatments stimulated glycerol release in mice fasted for 6 h and injected with glucose but not in 24-h fasted mice or in CB1R-/-, suggesting that the effect was dependent on plasma insulin levels and mediated by CB1R. We concomitantly observed that Akt cascade activity was decreased, indicating an alteration of the antilipolytic action of insulin. Similar results were obtained with tissue explants exposed to anandamide, thus identifying CB1R of AT as a major target. This study indicates the existence of a functional interaction between CB1R and lipolysis regulation in AT. Further investigation is needed to test if the elevation of ECS tone encountered in obesity is associated with excess fat mobilization contributing to ectopic fat deposition and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Muller
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Demizieux
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Troy-Fioramonti
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joseph Gresti
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Jean-Paul Pais de Barros, Lipidomic Platform, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; and
| | - Hélène Berger
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology Department, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France;
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48
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Romero-Zerbo SY, Ruz-Maldonado I, Espinosa-Jiménez V, Rafacho A, Gómez-Conde AI, Sánchez-Salido L, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Gauthier BR, Tinahones FJ, Persaud SJ, Bermúdez-Silva FJ. The cannabinoid ligand LH-21 reduces anxiety and improves glucose handling in diet-induced obese pre-diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3946. [PMID: 28638091 PMCID: PMC5479807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LH-21 is a triazol derivative that has been described as a low-permeant neutral CB1 antagonist, though its pharmacology is still unclear. It has been associated with anti-obesity actions in obese rats. However, its role in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset have not been studied yet. Given CB1 receptors remain as potential pharmacological targets to fight against obesity and T2D, we wanted to explore the metabolic impact of this compound in an animal model of obesity and pre-diabetes as well as the lack of relevant actions in related central processes such as anxiety. C57BL/6J mice were rendered obese and pre-diabetic by feeding a high-fat diet for 15 weeks and then treated with LH-21 or vehicle for two weeks. Food intake, body weight and glucose handling were assessed, together with other relevant parameters. Behavioural performance was evaluated by the open field test and the elevated plus maze. LH-21 did not affect food intake nor body weight but it improved glucose handling, displaying tissue-specific beneficial actions. Unexpectedly, LH-21 induced anxiolysis and reverted obesity-induced anxiety, apparently through GPR55 receptor. These results suggest that LH-21 can be a new candidate to fight against diabetes onset. Indeed, this compound shows potential in counteracting obesity-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Y Romero-Zerbo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Vanesa Espinosa-Jiménez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana I Gómez-Conde
- Bioimaging facility, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez-Salido
- Bioimaging facility, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Stem Cells Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Stem Cells Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Francisco J Bermúdez-Silva
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain.
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49
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Miederer I, Uebbing K, Röhrich J, Maus S, Bausbacher N, Krauter K, Weyer-Elberich V, Lutz B, Schreckenberger M, Urban R. Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on glucose uptake in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:273-281. [PMID: 28219717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive component of the plant Cannabis sativa and acts as a partial agonist at cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of THC on the cerebral glucose uptake in the rat brain. 21 male Sprague Dawley rats (12-13 w) were examined and received five different doses of THC ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg. For data acquisition a Focus 120 small animal PET scanner was used and 24.1-28.0 MBq of [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose were injected. The data were acquired for 70 min and arterial blood samples were collected throughout the scan. THC, THC-OH and THC-COOH were determined at 55 min p.i. Nine volumes of interest were defined, and the cerebral glucose uptake was calculated for each brain region. Low blood THC levels of < 1 ng/ml (injected dose: ≤ 0.01 mg/kg) corresponded to an increased glucose uptake (6-30 %), particularly in the hypothalamus (p = 0.007), while blood THC levels > 10 ng/ml (injected dose: ≥ 0.05 mg/kg) coincided with a decreased glucose uptake (-2 to -22 %), especially in the cerebellar cortex (p = 0.008). The effective concentration in this region was estimated 2.4 ng/ml. This glucose PET study showed that stimulation of CB1 receptors by THC affects the glucose uptake in the rat brain, whereby the effect of THC is regionally different and dependent on dose - an effect that may be of relevance in behavioural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - K Uebbing
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Am Pulvertum 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Röhrich
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Am Pulvertum 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Maus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Krauter
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Am Pulvertum 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Weyer-Elberich
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Urban
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Am Pulvertum 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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50
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González-Mariscal I, Krzysik-Walker SM, Doyle ME, Liu QR, Cimbro R, Santa-Cruz Calvo S, Ghosh S, Cieśla Ł, Moaddel R, Carlson OD, Witek RP, O'Connell JF, Egan JM. Human CB1 Receptor Isoforms, present in Hepatocytes and β-cells, are Involved in Regulating Metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33302. [PMID: 27641999 PMCID: PMC5027555 DOI: 10.1038/srep33302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics aimed at blocking the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor for treatment of obesity resulted in significant improvements in liver function, glucose uptake and pancreatic β-cell function independent of weight loss or CB1 receptor blockade in the brain, suggesting that peripherally-acting only CB1 receptor blockers may be useful therapeutic agents. Neuropsychiatric side effects and lack of tissue specificity precluded clinical use of first-generation, centrally acting CB1 receptor blockers. In this study we specifically analyzed the potential relevance to diabetes of human CB1 receptor isoforms in extraneural tissues involved in glucose metabolism. We identified an isoform of the human CB1 receptor (CB1b) that is highly expressed in β-cells and hepatocytes but not in the brain. Importantly, CB1b shows stronger affinity for the inverse agonist JD-5037 than for rimonabant compared to CB1 full length. Most relevant to the field, CB1b is a potent regulator of adenylyl cyclase activity in peripheral metabolic tissues. CB1b blockade by JD-5037 results in stronger adenylyl cyclase activation compared to rimonabant and it is a better enhancer of insulin secretion in β-cells. We propose this isoform as a principal pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic disorders involving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Łukasz Cieśla
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafal P Witek
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7300 Governor's Way, Frederick, MD 21704 USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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