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Guerra A, Costantino C, Martinon-Torres F, Westerholt S, Lambeth C, Chen Z, Lumley J, Marcek T, Johnson D, Wilck M. A phase 4, open-label study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib in children previously vaccinated with DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib or DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (V419-016). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2310900. [PMID: 38327239 PMCID: PMC10857551 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2310900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (Vaxelis®) is a hexavalent combination vaccine (HV) indicated in infants and toddlers for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Switching between HVs during the childhood vaccination series is sometimes necessary due to, for example, vaccine availability, health-care provider preference, and/or tender awards. The purpose of this study was to describe the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a booster dose of Vaxelis® in participants who previously received a primary infant series of either DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib (Hexyon®) or Vaxelis®. Healthy participants approximately 11-13 months of age who previously received a two-dose primary series of Hexyon® (HHV group) or Vaxelis® (VVV group) all received a Vaxelis® booster dose. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring antibody levels to individual vaccine antigens approximately 30 days following booster vaccination. Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). The proportions of participants with antibody-specific responses for antigens contained in both Vaxelis® and Hexyon® at 30 days post-toddler-booster vaccination with Vaxelis® were comparable between groups, and higher in the VVV group for Vaxelis® antigens PRN and FIM2/3. The overall proportions of participants with AEs were generally comparable between groups. Following a booster dose of Vaxelis®, immune responses were comparable between groups for all shared antigens, and higher in the VVV group for antigens found only in Vaxelis®. The booster was well tolerated in both groups. These data support the use of Vaxelis® as a booster in mixed HV regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.eu), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soeren Westerholt
- Pediatrics, Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Wolfsburg, Germany
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Chen L, Qiu Q, Zhu Q, Li J, Xie X, Shao X, Liang J, Zhang W, Zheng H, Li B, Xu L, Zeng H, Sun L. Serological investigation on the prevalence of poliovirus in Guangdong province: A cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300156. [PMID: 38189143 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study for polio virus seroprevalence in Guangdong province, China. We assessed the positivity rates of poliomyelitis NA and GMT in serum across various demographic groups, and the current findings were compared with pre-switch data from 2014. Using multistage random sampling method, four counties/districts were randomly selected per city, and within each, one general hospital and two township hospitals were chosen. Healthy individuals coming for medical checkups or vaccination were invited. A total of 1318 individual samples were collected and tested. In non-newborn population, age-dependent positivity rates ranged from 77.8% to 100% for PV1 NA and 70.3% to 98.9% for PV3 NA (p < .01). The lowest GMT values for both types (17.03 and 8.46) occurred in the 20 to <30 years age group, while peak GMTs for PV1 and PV3 were observed in 1 to <2 (340.14) and 0 to <1-year (168.90) age groups, respectively. GMTs for PV1 (P = .002) and PV3 (P = .007) in Eastern Guangdong were lower than those in the other three regions. Male participants showed higher GMTs than females (P = .016 and .033, respectively). In newborn population, both males and females showed higher PV1 NA positivity rates and GMTs compared to PV3 (p < .05). Post-switch PV3 NA positivity rates were higher than pre-switch rates (p = .016). GMTs of both PV1 and PV3 were significantly higher post-switch (p < .001). The positivity rates of NAs and GMTs remain high level, which play an important role in resisting poliomyelitis infection. Effect of the converted immunization program was more pronounced than that before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Chen
- Department of Immunization Planning, Luohu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Qiu
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Shao
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanri Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Institute of Immunization Programme, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Bates JT, Lirette ST, Farmer AP, Bierdeman MA, Seyfarth KB, Ederer DR, Montgomery DD, Burnett GC, Pham AT, Marshall GD. Serological assessment of the durability of vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2308375. [PMID: 38361363 PMCID: PMC10877977 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2308375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies are often accepted as a correlate of protection against infection, though questions remain about which components of the immune response protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this small observational study, we longitudinally measured spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (NP)-specific serum IgG in a human cohort immunized with the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. NP is not encoded in the vaccine, so an NP-specific response is serological evidence of natural infection. A greater than fourfold increase in NP-specific antibodies was used as the serological marker of infection. Using the RBD-specific IgG titers prior to seroconversion for NP, we calculated a protective threshold for RBD-specific IgG. On average, the RBD-specific IgG response wanes below the protective threshold 169 days following vaccination. Many participants without a history of a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 infection seroconverted for NP-specific IgG. As a group, participants who seroconverted for NP-specific IgG had significantly higher levels of RBD-specific IgG following NP-seroconversion. RBD-specific IgG titers may serve as one correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These titers wane below the proposed protective threshold approximately six months following immunization. Based on serological evidence of infection, the frequency of breakthrough infections and consequently the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the population may be higher than what is predicted based on the frequency of documented infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Bates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Seth T. Lirette
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andrew P. Farmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael A. Bierdeman
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristina B. Seyfarth
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dallas R. Ederer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Denise D. Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Grace C. Burnett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amanda T. Pham
- Medical Student Research Program, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gailen D. Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Young MK, Ng SK, Faddy HM, Nimmo GR. Comparison of Anti-Hepatitis A Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Australian Subjects Receiving Standard or Weight-Based Dosing of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38967110 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial compared two dosing regimens of the polyvalent immunoglobulin available for hepatitis A post-exposure prophylaxis in Australia. Participants were randomized to receive either 270 IU (standard dose) or 3.375 IU/kg (dose by weight). Quantitative serial serum hepatitis A antibody concentrations were measured at baseline and then on days 1, 3, 7, 28, and 50. Fifteen participants completed the trial. Serum hepatitis A antibody concentrations were not different between the study groups at any time point. Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated from participant data were not different between the study groups. The hepatitis A antibody level of all participants exceeded 10 mIU/mL at day 50. While no difference between dosing regimens was found in this study, further research should examine dosing at the lower limit of current Australian recommendations before making policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Young
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute - Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Health, Lutwyche, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute - Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme R Nimmo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Filsinger Interrante MV, Adamska JZ, Zhou X, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Klich JH, Jons CK, Meany EL, Valdez AS, Carter L, Pulendran B, King NP, Appel EA. Saponin Nanoparticle Adjuvants Incorporating Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Drive Distinct Immune Signatures and Potent Vaccine Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.16.549249. [PMID: 37577608 PMCID: PMC10418080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1/2a, TLR4a, TLR7/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa-SNP adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific Th-responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform which could improve the design of vaccines for and dramatically impact modern vaccine development. Teaser Saponin-TLRa nanoadjuvants provide distinct immune signatures and drive potent, broad, durable COVID-19 and HIV vaccine responses.
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6
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Zhong L, Zhang W, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wen Z, Chen L, Chen H, Luo Y, Chen Y, Feng Q, Zeng MS, Zhao Q, Liu L, Krummenacher C, Zeng YX, Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang X. A cocktail nanovaccine targeting key entry glycoproteins elicits high neutralizing antibody levels against EBV infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5310. [PMID: 38906867 PMCID: PMC11192767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is closely associated with various malignancies. Considering the complex life cycle of EBV, developing vaccines targeting key entry glycoproteins to elicit robust and durable adaptive immune responses may provide better protection. EBV gHgL-, gB- and gp42-specific antibodies in healthy EBV carriers contributed to sera neutralizing abilities in vitro, indicating that they are potential antigen candidates. To enhance the immunogenicity of these antigens, we formulate three nanovaccines by co-delivering molecular adjuvants (CpG and MPLA) and antigens (gHgL, gB or gp42). These nanovaccines induce robust humoral and cellular responses through efficient activation of dendritic cells and germinal center response. Importantly, these nanovaccines generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies recognizing vulnerable sites of all three antigens. IgGs induced by a cocktail vaccine containing three nanovaccines confer superior protection from lethal EBV challenge in female humanized mice compared to IgG elicited by individual NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42. Importantly, serum antibodies elicited by cocktail nanovaccine immunization confer durable protection against EBV-associated lymphoma. Overall, the cocktail nanovaccine shows robust immunogenicity and is a promising candidate for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfu Wen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanran Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claude Krummenacher
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yongming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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7
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Ding X, Sun M, Guo F, Qian X, Yuan H, Lou W, Wang Q, Lei X, Zeng W. Picrasidine S Induces cGAS-Mediated Cellular Immune Response as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2310108. [PMID: 38900071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
New adjuvants that trigger cellular immune responses are urgently needed for the effective development of cancer and virus vaccines. Motivated by recent discoveries that show activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling boosts T cell immunity, this study proposes that targeting this pathway can be a strategic approach to identify novel vaccine adjuvants. Consequently, a comprehensive chemical screening of 6,800 small molecules is performed, which results in the discovery of the natural compound picrasidine S (PS) as an IFN-I inducer. Further analysis reveals that PS acts as a powerful adjuvant, significantly enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses. At the molecular level, PS initiates the activation of the cGAS-IFN-I pathway, leading to an enhanced T cell response. PS vaccination notably increases the population of CD8+ central memory (TCM)-like cells and boosts the CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Thus, this study identifies PS as a promising candidate for developing vaccine adjuvants in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ding
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinmin Qian
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haoyu Yuan
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shen Zhen Bay Laboratory, Shen Zhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Edwards KR, Schmidt K, Homad LJ, Kher GM, Xu G, Rodrigues KA, Ben-Akiva E, Abbott J, Prlic M, Newell EW, De Rosa SC, Irvine DJ, Pancera M, McGuire AT. Vaccination with nanoparticles displaying gH/gL from Epstein-Barr virus elicits limited cross-protection against rhesus lymphocryptovirus. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101587. [PMID: 38781964 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with infectious mononucleosis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. A vaccine that prevents infection and/or EBV-associated morbidity is an unmet need. The viral gH/gL glycoprotein complex is essential for infectivity, making it an attractive vaccine target. Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity of a gH/gL nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with the Sigma Adjuvant System (SAS) or a saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle (SMNP) in rhesus macaques. Formulation with SMNP elicits higher titers of neutralizing antibodies and more vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells. All but one animal in the SMNP group were infected after oral challenge with the EBV ortholog rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV). Their immune plasma had a 10- to 100-fold lower reactivity against rhLCV gH/gL compared to EBV gH/gL. Anti-EBV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies showed reduced binding to rhLCV gH/gL, demonstrating that EBV gH/gL neutralizing epitopes are poorly conserved on rhLCV gH/gL. Prevention of rhLCV infection despite antigenic disparity supports clinical development of gH/gL nanoparticle vaccines against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Edwards
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karina Schmidt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leah J Homad
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gargi M Kher
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guoyue Xu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Departments of Biological Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joe Abbott
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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Sobczak JM, Barkovska I, Balke I, Rothen DA, Mohsen MO, Skrastina D, Ogrina A, Martina B, Jansons J, Bogans J, Vogel M, Bachmann MF, Zeltins A. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:661. [PMID: 38932390 PMCID: PMC11209419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed "Immune-tag" technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein-nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Sobczak
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irena Barkovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dominik A. Rothen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dace Skrastina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anete Ogrina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Byron Martina
- Artemis Bioservices, 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands;
- Protinhi Therapeutics, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Janis Bogans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (D.A.R.); (M.O.M.); (M.V.); (M.F.B.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (I.B.); (I.B.); (D.S.); (A.O.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (A.Z.)
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10
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Acosta CJ, Nordio F, Boltz DA, Baldwin WR, Hather G, Kpamegan E. Predicting Efficacy of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine in Flavivirus-Naïve Humans Using an Immunological Correlate of Protection in Non-Human Primates. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1177. [PMID: 38930559 PMCID: PMC11206130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A traditional phase 3 clinical efficacy study for a Zika vaccine may be unfeasible because of the current low transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). An alternative clinical development approach to evaluate Zika vaccine efficacy (VE) is therefore required, delineated in the US FDA's Accelerated Approval Program for licensure, which utilizes an anti-Zika neutralizing antibody (Zika NAb) titer correlated with non-human primate (NHP) protection as a surrogate endpoint. In this accelerated approval approach, the estimation of VE would be inferred from the percentage of phase 3 trial participants achieving the established surrogate endpoint. We provide a statistical framework to predict the probability of protection for human participants vaccinated with a purified inactivated ZIKV vaccine (TAK-426), in the absence of VE measurements, using NHP data under a single-correlate model. Based on a logistic regression (LR) with bias-reduction model, a probability of 90% protection in humans is expected with a ZIKV NAb geometric mean titer (GMT) ≥ 3.38 log10 half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). The predicted probability of protection of TAK-426 against ZIKV infection was determined using the two-parameter LR model that fit the calculated VE in rhesus macaques and the flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants' ZIKV NAb GMTs log10 EC50, measured by a ZIKV reporter virus particle assay, at 1 month post dose 2. The TAK-426 10 µg dose predicted a probability of protection from infection of 98% among flavivirus-naïve phase 1 trial participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo J. Acosta
- Takeda Vaccines Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (F.N.); (D.A.B.); (W.R.B.); (G.H.); (E.K.)
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11
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Schiepers A, Van't Wout MFL, Hobbs A, Mesin L, Victora GD. Opposing effects of pre-existing antibody and memory T cell help on the dynamics of recall germinal centers. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00263-2. [PMID: 38838672 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Re-exposure to an antigen generates abundant antibody responses and drives the formation of secondary germinal centers (GCs). Recall GCs in mice consist almost entirely of naïve B cells, whereas recall antibodies derive overwhelmingly from memory B cells. Here, we examine this division between cellular and serum compartments. After repeated immunization with the same antigen, tetramer analyses of recall GCs revealed a marked decrease in the ability of B cells in these structures to bind the antigen. Boosting with viral variant proteins restored antigen binding in recall GCs, as did genetic ablation of primary-derived antibody-secreting cells through conditional deletion of Prdm1, demonstrating suppression of GC recall responses by pre-existing antibodies. In hapten-carrier experiments in which B and T cell specificities were uncoupled, memory T cell help allowed B cells with undetectable antigen binding to access GCs. Thus, antibody-mediated feedback steers recall GC B cells away from previously targeted epitopes and enables specific targeting of variant epitopes, with implications for vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alvaro Hobbs
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Pérez Chacón G, Estcourt MJ, Totterdell J, Marsh JA, Perrett KP, Campbell DE, Wood N, Gold M, Waddington CS, O’ Sullivan M, McAlister S, Curtis N, Jones M, McIntyre PB, Holt PG, Richmond PC, Snelling T. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and IgE-mediated immune responses of a mixed whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine schedule in Australian infants: A randomised, double-blind, noninferiority trial. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004414. [PMID: 38857311 PMCID: PMC11198910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, infant vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has replaced use of more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Based on immunological and epidemiological evidence, we hypothesised that substituting the first aP dose in the routine vaccination schedule with wP vaccine might protect against IgE-mediated food allergy. We aimed to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and IgE-mediated responses of a mixed wP/aP primary schedule versus the standard aP-only schedule. METHODS AND FINDINGS OPTIMUM is a Bayesian, 2-stage, double-blind, randomised trial. In stage one, infants were assigned (1:1) to either a first dose of a pentavalent wP combination vaccine (DTwP-Hib-HepB, Pentabio PT Bio Farma, Indonesia) or a hexavalent aP vaccine (DTaP-Hib-HepB-IPV, Infanrix hexa, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia) at approximately 6 weeks old. Subsequently, all infants received the hexavalent aP vaccine at 4 and 6 months old as well as an aP vaccine at 18 months old (DTaP-IPV, Infanrix-IPV, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia). Stage two is ongoing and follows the above randomisation strategy and vaccination schedule. Ahead of ascertainment of the primary clinical outcome of allergist-confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy by 12 months old, here we present the results of secondary immunogenicity, reactogenicity, tetanus toxoid IgE-mediated immune responses, and parental acceptability endpoints. Serum IgG responses to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis antigens were measured using a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay; total and specific IgE were measured in plasma by means of the ImmunoCAP assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The immunogenicity of the mixed schedule was defined as being noninferior to that of the aP-only schedule using a noninferiority margin of 2/3 on the ratio of the geometric mean concentrations (GMR) of pertussis toxin (PT)-IgG 1 month after the 6-month aP. Solicited adverse reactions were summarised by study arm and included all children who received the first dose of either wP or aP. Parental acceptance was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The primary analyses were based on intention-to-treat (ITT); secondary per-protocol (PP) analyses were also performed. The trial is registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12617000065392p). Between March 7, 2018 and January 13, 2020, 150 infants were randomised (75 per arm). PT-IgG responses of the mixed schedule were noninferior to the aP-only schedule at approximately 1 month after the 6-month aP dose [GMR = 0·98, 95% credible interval (0·77 to 1·26); probability (GMR > 2/3) > 0·99; ITT analysis]. At 7 months old, the posterior median probability of quantitation for tetanus toxoid IgE was 0·22 (95% credible interval 0·12 to 0·34) in both the mixed schedule group and in the aP-only group. Despite exclusions, the results were consistent in the PP analysis. At 6 weeks old, irritability was the most common systemic solicited reaction reported in wP (65 [88%] of 74) versus aP (59 [82%] of 72) vaccinees. At the same age, severe systemic reactions were reported among 14 (19%) of 74 infants after wP and 8 (11%) of 72 infants after aP. There were 7 SAEs among 5 participants within the first 6 months of follow-up; on blinded assessment, none were deemed to be related to the study vaccines. Parental acceptance of mixed and aP-only schedules was high (71 [97%] of 73 versus 69 [96%] of 72 would agree to have the same schedule again). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the aP-only schedule, the mixed schedule evoked noninferior PT-IgG responses, was associated with more severe reactions, but was well accepted by parents. Tetanus toxoid IgE responses did not differ across the study groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical 207 Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000065392p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladymar Pérez Chacón
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marie J. Estcourt
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Totterdell
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A. Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten P. Perrett
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianne E. Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Gold
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael O’ Sullivan
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia McAlister
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter B. McIntyre
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patrick G. Holt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C. Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Gold T, Gualtieri R, Posfay-Barbe K, Wildhaber BE, McLin V, Blanchard-Rohner G. Assessing vaccine-induced immunity against pneumococcus, hepatitis A and B over a 9-year follow-up in pediatric liver transplant recipients: A nationwide retrospective study. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1070-1079. [PMID: 38103788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric liver transplant recipients are particularly at risk of infections. The most cost-effective way to prevent infectious complications is through vaccination, which can potentially prevent infections due to hepatitis B (HBV) virus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and invasive pneumococcal diseases. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis of HBV, HAV, and pneumococcal immunity in pediatric liver transplant recipients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020, to collect data on immunization and vaccine serology. A total of 94% (58/62) patients had available vaccination records. At transplant, 90% (45/50) were seroprotected against HBV, 63% (19/30) against HAV, and 78% (18/23) had pneumococcal immunity, but immunity against these 3 pathogens remained suboptimal during the 9-year follow-up. A booster vaccine was administered to only 20% to 40% of patients. Children who had received >4 doses of HBV vaccine and > 2 doses of HAV vaccine pretransplant displayed a higher overall seroprotection over time post-solid organ transplant. Our findings suggest that a serology-based approach should be accompanied by a more systematic follow-up of vaccination, with special attention paid to patients with an incomplete vaccination status at time of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temisan Gold
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renato Gualtieri
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara Posfay-Barbe
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E Wildhaber
- Division of Child and Adolescent Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie McLin
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Unit of Immunology and Vaccinology, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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14
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Mathew S, Alex D, Demosthenes JP, Rose W, Chacko A, Kompithra RZ, Ramalingam VV, Prakash JAJ, Mathai J, Fletcher GJ, Abraham P, Verghese VP, Kannangai R. Heterogeneity and Hierarchy of Immune Response to Primary Immunization in HIV-Infected Children on HAART and the Impact of an Additional Dose of Vaccine. Indian J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12098-024-05148-4. [PMID: 38801497 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-024-05148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The nature of vaccine response inferiority is not well studied in children living with HIV (CLHIV). The authors investigated Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Diphtheria/Pertussis/Tetanus toxoid (DPT) vaccination responses following primary immunization in CLHIV (n = 42) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 38) and the effect of an additional vaccine dose. Antibody responses, CD4 and HBV-specific T/B cells were analysed using CMIA/ELISA and flow-cytometry. CLHIV had significantly lower baseline median antibody titres for all vaccines than HC (p <0.02). Differential seroprotection rates observed in CLHIV were, 4.8% for pertussis; 9.5% for HBV; 26.2% for diphtheria and 66.7% for tetanus. WHO staging significantly influenced anti-HBs levels (p = 0.0095). HBsAg-specific CD4+T-cells were significantly higher in CLHIV than HC (p = 0.042). An additional vaccine dose (HBV and Tdap) conferred a higher protection rate for tetanus and diphtheria (p <0.040) in CLHIV. These findings suggest that CLHIV exhibit a hierarchy of vaccine responses affecting antibody levels and protection rate, which was rescued by administering additional vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mathew
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Diviya Alex
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - John Paul Demosthenes
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Winsley Rose
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Anila Chacko
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | | | | | - John Antony Jude Prakash
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - John Mathai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | | | - Priya Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
| | - Valsan Philip Verghese
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
| | - Rajesh Kannangai
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
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15
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Nham E, Noh JY, Park O, Choi WS, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in the Endemic Period: Lessons from Influenza. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:514. [PMID: 38793765 PMCID: PMC11125835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease with many similarities to influenza. Effective vaccines are available for both; however, rapid viral evolution and waning immunity make them virtually impossible to eradicate with vaccines. Thus, the practical goal of vaccination is to reduce the incidence of serious illnesses and death. Three years after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, the optimal vaccination strategy in the endemic period remains elusive, and health authorities worldwide have begun to adopt various approaches. Herein, we propose a COVID-19 vaccination strategy based on the data available until early 2024 and discuss aspects that require further clarification for better decision making. Drawing from comparisons between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination strategies, our proposed COVID-19 vaccination strategy prioritizes high-risk groups, emphasizes seasonal administration aligned with influenza vaccination campaigns, and advocates the co-administration with influenza vaccines to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Rahmani A, Montecucco A, Priano L, Mandolini L, Dini G, Durando P. Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:494. [PMID: 38793745 PMCID: PMC11125960 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines represent effective public health measures in contrasting the pandemic worldwide. However, protection at the individual-level, which is of crucial importance from an occupational health perspective, is commonly assessed by a serological correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2, which has not yet been determined. The emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) that have shown high rates of breakthrough infections has further complicated the understanding of immune protection against infection. To define a potential serological correlate of protection induced by the COVID-19 vaccination, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the evidence concerning the binding antibody concentration corresponding to a protective effect. Eighteen and four studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. The protection against infection was shown for anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers ranging from 154 to 168.2 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL during the pre-Omicron period, while ranging from 1235 to 3035 BAU/mL in the Omicron period. Pooling the results from the studies concerning anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody titer, we found a mean of 1341.5 BAU/mL and 1400.1 BAU/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that although a fixed serological threshold corresponding to protection against different SARS-CoV-2 variants is not yet definable, higher binding antibody concentrations are associated with increased protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alborz Rahmani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Alfredo Montecucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Priano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Mandolini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Dini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Durando
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.M.); (G.D.); (P.D.)
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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17
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Uher R, Pavlova B, Najafi S, Adepalli N, Ross B, Howes Vallis E, Freeman K, Parker R, Propper L, Palaniyappan L. Antecedents of major depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105625. [PMID: 38494121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders are preceded by earlier manifestations in behaviours and experiences. We present a synthesis of evidence on associations between person-level antecedents (behaviour, performance, psychopathology) in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and later onsets of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or psychotic disorder based on prospective studies published up to September 16, 2022. We screened 11,342 records, identified 460 eligible publications, and extracted 570 risk ratios quantifying the relationships between 52 antecedents and onsets in 198 unique samples with prospective follow-up of 122,766 individuals from a mean age of 12.4 to a mean age of 24.8 for 1522,426 person years of follow-up. We completed meta-analyses of 12 antecedents with adequate data. Psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety, disruptive behaviors, affective lability, and sleep problems were transdiagnostic antecedents associated with onsets of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and hypomanic symptoms specifically predicted bipolar disorder. While transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific antecedents inform targeted prevention and help understand pathogenic mechanisms, extensive gaps in evidence indicate potential for improving early risk identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sara Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nitya Adepalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Briana Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
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18
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Szinger D, Berki T, Drenjančević I, Samardzic S, Zelić M, Sikora M, Požgain A, Markovics Á, Farkas N, Németh P, Böröcz K. Raising Epidemiological Awareness: Assessment of Measles/MMR Susceptibility in Highly Vaccinated Clusters within the Hungarian and Croatian Population-A Sero-Surveillance Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:486. [PMID: 38793737 PMCID: PMC11125914 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the complete eradication of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) may foster complacency and compromise vaccination efforts. Decreased measles vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic have heightened the risk of outbreaks, even in adequately vaccinated populations. To address this, we have aligned with ECDC recommendations, leveraging previous cross-border sero-epidemiological assessments between Pécs, Hungary, and Osijek, Croatia, to identify latent risk groups and uncover potential parallels between our nations. Testing 2680 Hungarian and 1764 Croatian serum samples for anti-MMR IgG via ELISAs revealed anti-measles seropositivity ratios below expectations in Croatian cohorts aged ~20-30 (75.7%), ~30-40 (77.5%) and ~40-50 years (73.3%). Similarly, Hungarian samples also showed suboptimal seropositivity ratios in the ~30-40 (80.9%) and ~40-50 (87.3%) age groups. Considering mumps- and rubella-associated seropositivity trends, in both examined populations, individuals aged ~30-50 years exhibited the highest vulnerability. Additionally, we noted congruent seropositivity trends across both countries, despite distinct immunization and epidemiological contexts. Therefore, we propose expanding research to encompass the intricate dynamics of vaccination, including waning long-term immunity. This understanding could facilitate targeted interventions and bolster public awareness. Our findings underscore persistent challenges in attaining robust immunity against measles despite vaccination endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szinger
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Scientific Centre for Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Samardzic
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Marija Zelić
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Magdalena Sikora
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arlen Požgain
- Department of Public Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health for The Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.Z.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ákos Markovics
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Department of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.B.); (P.N.)
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19
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Zhong Y, Kang AYH, Tay CJX, Li HE, Elyana N, Tan CW, Yap WC, Lim JME, Le Bert N, Chan KR, Ong EZ, Low JG, Shek LP, Tham EH, Ooi EE. Correlates of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated children. Nat Med 2024; 30:1373-1383. [PMID: 38689059 PMCID: PMC11164684 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The paucity of information on longevity of vaccine-induced immune responses and uncertainty of the correlates of protection hinder the development of evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts. Here, to address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a cohort study of healthy 5-12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding and neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs), spike-specific memory B cell (MBC) and spike-reactive T cell responses over 1 year. We found that children mounted antibody, MBC and T cell responses after two doses of BNT162b2, with higher antibody and T cell responses than adults 6 months after vaccination. A booster (third) dose only improved antibody titers without impacting MBC and T cell responses. Among children with hybrid immunity, nAbs and T cell responses were highest in those infected after two vaccine doses. Binding IgG titers, MBC and T cell responses were predictive, with T cells being the most important predictor of protection against symptomatic infection before hybrid immunity; nAbs only correlated with protection after hybrid immunity. The stable MBC and T cell responses over time suggest sustained protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when nAbs wane. Booster vaccinations do not confer additional immunological protection to healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Zhong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alicia Y H Kang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carina J X Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui' En Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurul Elyana
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Chee Yap
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey M E Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Ma B, Tao M, Li Z, Zheng Q, Wu H, Chen P. Mucosal vaccines for viral diseases: Status and prospects. Virology 2024; 593:110026. [PMID: 38373360 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Virus-associated infectious diseases are highly detrimental to human health and animal husbandry. Among all countermeasures against infectious diseases, prophylactic vaccines, which developed through traditional or novel approaches, offer potential benefits. More recently, mucosal vaccines attract attention for their extraordinary characteristics compared to conventional parenteral vaccines, particularly for mucosal-related pathogens. Representatively, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), further accelerated the research and development efforts for mucosal vaccines by thoroughly investigating existing strategies or involving novel techniques. While several vaccine candidates achieved positive progresses, thus far, part of the current COVID-19 mucosal vaccines have shown poor performance, which underline the need for next-generation mucosal vaccines and corresponding platforms. In this review, we summarized the typical mucosal vaccines approved for humans or animals and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these successful cases. In addition, mucosal vaccines against COVID-19 that are in human clinical trials were reviewed in detail since this public health event mobilized all advanced technologies for possible solutions. Finally, the gaps in developing mucosal vaccines, potential solutions and prospects were discussed. Overall, rational application of mucosal vaccines would facilitate the establishing of mucosal immunity and block the transmission of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mengxiao Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Quanfang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China.
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21
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Weiner JA, Natarajan H, McIntosh CJ, Yang ES, Choe M, Papia CL, Axelrod KS, Kovacikova G, Pegu A, Ackerman ME. Selection of positive controls and their impact on anti-drug antibody assay performance. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113657. [PMID: 38479453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Development of assays to reliably identify and characterize anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) depends on positive control anti-idiotype (anti-id) reagents, which are used to demonstrate that the standards recommended by regulatory authorities are met. This work employs a set of therapeutic antibodies under clinical development and their corresponding anti-ids to investigate how different positive control reagent properties impact ADA assay development. Positive controls exhibited different response profiles and apparent assay analytical sensitivity values depending on assay format. Neither anti-id affinity for drug, nor sensitivity in direct immunoassays related to sensitivity in ADA assays. Anti-ids were differentially able to detect damage to drug conjugates used in bridging assays and were differentially drug tolerant. These parameters also failed to relate to assay sensitivity, further complicating selection of anti-ids for use in ADA assay development based on functional characteristics. Given this variability among anti-ids, alternative controls that could be employed across multiple antibody drugs were investigated as a more uniform means to define ADA detection sensitivity across drug products and assay protocols, which could help better relate assay results to clinical risks of ADA responses. Overall, this study highlights the importance of positive control selection to reliable detection and clinical interpretation of the presence and magnitude of ADA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Calum J McIntosh
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cassidy L Papia
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA.
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22
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Cohen JI. Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e179483. [PMID: 38690731 PMCID: PMC11060731 DOI: 10.1172/jci179483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses establish latent infections, and most reactivate frequently, resulting in symptoms and virus shedding in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised patients, reactivating virus can cause severe disease. Persistent EBV has been associated with several malignancies in both immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised persons. Reactivation and shedding occur with most herpesviruses, despite potent virus-specific antibodies and T cell immunity as measured in the blood. The licensure of therapeutic vaccines to reduce zoster indicates that effective therapeutic vaccines for other herpesviruses should be feasible. However, varicella-zoster virus is different from other human herpesviruses in that it is generally only shed during varicella and zoster. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, in which the correlate of immunity is antibody function, T cell immunity is the correlate of immunity for the only effective therapeutic herpesvirus vaccine-zoster vaccine. While most studies of therapeutic vaccines have measured immunity in the blood, cellular immunity at the site of reactivation is likely critical for an effective therapeutic vaccine for certain viruses. This Review summarizes the status of therapeutic vaccines for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus and proposes approaches for future development.
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23
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Mentzer AJ, Dilthey AT, Pollard M, Gurdasani D, Karakoc E, Carstensen T, Muhwezi A, Cutland C, Diarra A, da Silva Antunes R, Paul S, Smits G, Wareing S, Kim H, Pomilla C, Chong AY, Brandt DYC, Nielsen R, Neaves S, Timpson N, Crinklaw A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Rautanen A, Kizito D, Parks T, Auckland K, Elliott KE, Mills T, Ewer K, Edwards N, Fatumo S, Webb E, Peacock S, Jeffery K, van der Klis FRM, Kaleebu P, Vijayanand P, Peters B, Sette A, Cereb N, Sirima S, Madhi SA, Elliott AM, McVean G, Hill AVS, Sandhu MS. High-resolution African HLA resource uncovers HLA-DRB1 expression effects underlying vaccine response. Nat Med 2024; 30:1384-1394. [PMID: 38740997 PMCID: PMC11108778 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
How human genetic variation contributes to vaccine effectiveness in infants is unclear, and data are limited on these relationships in populations with African ancestries. We undertook genetic analyses of vaccine antibody responses in infants from Uganda (n = 1391), Burkina Faso (n = 353) and South Africa (n = 755), identifying associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and antibody response for five of eight tested antigens spanning pertussis, diphtheria and hepatitis B vaccines. In addition, through HLA typing 1,702 individuals from 11 populations of African ancestry derived predominantly from the 1000 Genomes Project, we constructed an imputation resource, fine-mapping class II HLA-DR and DQ associations explaining up to 10% of antibody response variance in our infant cohorts. We observed differences in the genetic architecture of pertussis antibody response between the cohorts with African ancestries and an independent cohort with European ancestry, but found no in silico evidence of differences in HLA peptide binding affinity or breadth. Using immune cell expression quantitative trait loci datasets derived from African-ancestry samples from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found evidence of differential HLA-DRB1 expression correlating with inferred protection from pertussis following vaccination. This work suggests that HLA-DRB1 expression may play a role in vaccine response and should be considered alongside peptide selection to improve vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Mentzer
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Allan Muhwezi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Clare Cutland
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS) 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Sinu Paul
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaby Smits
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Wareing
- Microbiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Amanda Y Chong
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Debora Y C Brandt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, California, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, California, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Neaves
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicolas Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Austin Crinklaw
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna Rautanen
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennison Kizito
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Tom Parks
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kate E Elliott
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tara Mills
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Edwards
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- The Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Emily Webb
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Peacock
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Microbiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Bjorn Peters
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sodiomon Sirima
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS) 06 BP 10248, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, London, UK
| | - Gil McVean
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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24
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King DF, Groves H, Weller C, Jones I, Cramer JP, Gilbert PB, Goldblatt D, Gruber MF, Kampmann B, Maïga D, Pasetti MF, Plotkin SA, Precioso A, Wassie L, Wittke F, Kaslow DC. Realising the potential of correlates of protection for vaccine development, licensure and use: short summary. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:82. [PMID: 38684704 PMCID: PMC11058756 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Jones
- WHO consultant, Jinja Publishing Ltd, London, UK
| | - Jakob P Cramer
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marion F Gruber
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), 125 Broad Street, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diadié Maïga
- World Health Organization (WHO) - Regional Office for Africa, Cité du Djoué, P.O.Box 06, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander Precioso
- Instituto Butantan1500, Vital Brasil Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503900, Brazil
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - David C Kaslow
- PATH 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
- US FDA, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
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Cheng Y, Shen R, Liu F, Li Y, Wang J, Hou Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Hou F, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao R, Luo S. Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by serogroup W135 meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:2781-2792. [PMID: 38508928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the mechanisms by which W135 meningococcal conjugate (PSW135-TT) activates adaptive immune responses in mice can provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. We compared B-cell and T-cell immune responses immunized with W135 meningococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSW135), tetanus toxoid (TT) and PSW135-TT in mice. The results showed that PSW135-TT could induce higher PSW135-specific and TT-specific IgG antibodies with a significant enhancement after two doses. All serum antibodies immunized with PSW135- TT had strong bactericidal activity, whereas none of the serum antibodies immunized with PSW135 had bactericidal activity. Besides, IgM and IgG antibodies immunized with PSW135-TT after two doses were positively correlated with the titer of bactericidal antibodies. We also found Th cells favored Th2 humoral immune responses in PSW135-TT, PSW135, and TT-immunized mice, especially peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, PSW135-TT and TT could effectively activate bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and promote BMDCs to highly express major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHCⅡ), CD86 and CD40 molecules in mice, whereas PSW135 couldn't. These data verified the typical characteristics of PSW135-TT and TT as T cell dependent antigen (TD-Ag) and PSW135 as T cell independent antigen (TI-Ag), which will be very helpful for further exploration of the immune mechanism of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines and improvement of the quality of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Cheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fanglei Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haifei Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fengping Hou
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yunjin Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruijie Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Shuquan Luo
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China.
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26
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Gaultier GN, McMillan B, Poloni C, Lo M, Cai B, Zheng JJ, Baer HM, Shulha HP, Simmons K, Márquez AC, Bartlett SR, Cook L, Levings MK, Steiner T, Sekirov I, Zlosnik JEA, Morshed M, Skowronski DM, Krajden M, Jassem AN, Sadarangani M. Adaptive immune responses to two-dose COVID-19 vaccine series in healthy Canadian adults ≥ 50 years: a prospective, observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8926. [PMID: 38637558 PMCID: PMC11026432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines in adults aged 50 years and older, spike protein (S)-specific antibody concentration, avidity, and function (via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition surrogate neutralization and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)), as well as S-specific T cells were quantified via activation induced marker (AIM) assay in response to two-dose series. Eighty-four adults were vaccinated with either: mRNA/mRNA (mRNA-1273 and/or BNT162b2); ChAdOx1-S/mRNA; or ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. Anti-S IgG concentrations, ADCP scores and ACE2 inhibiting antibody concentrations were highest at one-month post-second dose and declined by four-months post-second dose for all groups. mRNA/mRNA and ChAdOx1-S/mRNA schedules had significantly higher antibody responses than ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. CD8+ T-cell responses one-month post-second dose were associated with increased ACE2 surrogate neutralization. Antibody avidity (total relative avidity index) did not change between one-month and four-months post-second dose and did not significantly differ between groups by four-months post-second dose. In determining COVID-19 correlates of protection, a measure that considers both antibody concentration and avidity should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle N Gaultier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chad Poloni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandy Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean J Zheng
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sofia R Bartlett
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Cook
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan K Levings
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore Steiner
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Morshed
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Proctor J, Stadler M, Cortes LM, Brodsky D, Poisson L, Gerdts V, Smirnov AI, Smirnova TI, Barua S, Leahy D, Beagley KW, Harris JM, Darville T, Käser T. A TriAdj-Adjuvanted Chlamydia trachomatis CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:423. [PMID: 38675805 PMCID: PMC11054031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Despite effective antibiotics for Ct, undetected infections or delayed treatment can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pelvic pain. Besides humans, chlamydia poses similar health challenges in animals such as C. suis (Cs) in pigs. Based on the similarities between humans and pigs, as well as their chlamydia species, we use pigs as a large biomedical animal model for chlamydia research. In this study, we used the pig model to develop a vaccine candidate against Ct. The vaccine candidate consists of TriAdj-adjuvanted chlamydial-protease-like activity factor (CPAF) protein. We tested two weekly administration options-twice intranasal (IN) followed by twice intramuscular (IM) and twice IM followed by twice IN. We assessed the humoral immune response in both serum using CPAF-specific IgG (including antibody avidity determination) and also in cervical and rectal swabs using CPAF-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs. The systemic T-cell response was analyzed following in vitro CPAF restimulation via IFN-γ and IL-17 ELISpots, as well as intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that while the IN/IM vaccination mainly led to non-significant systemic immune responses, the vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic if administered IM/IN. This vaccination strategy induced high serum anti-CPAF IgG levels with strong avidity, as well as high IgA and IgG levels in vaginal and rectal swabs and in uterine horn flushes. In addition, this vaccination strategy prompted a pronounced cellular immune response. Besides inducing IL-17 production, the vaccine candidate induced a strong IFN-γ response with CD4 T cells. In IM/IN-vaccinated pigs, these cells also significantly downregulated their CCR7 expression, a sign of differentiation into peripheral-tissue-homing effector/memory cells. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the strong immunogenicity of the IM/IN-administered TriAdj-adjuvanted Ct CPAF vaccine candidate. Future studies will test the vaccine efficacy of this promising Ct vaccine candidate. In addition, this project demonstrates the suitability of the Cs pre-exposed outbred pig model for Ct vaccine development. Thereby, we aim to open the bottleneck of large animal models to facilitate the progression of Ct vaccine candidates into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proctor
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - David Brodsky
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lydia Poisson
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Tatyana I. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Darren Leahy
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Katzelnick L, Odio C, Daag J, Crisostomo MV, Voirin C, Escoto AC, Adams C, Hein LD, Aogo R, Mpingabo P, Rodriguez GR, Firdous S, Fernandez MA, White L, Agrupis KA, Deen J, de Silva A, Ylade M. Dengue virus IgG and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are associated with protection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4145863. [PMID: 38659845 PMCID: PMC11042401 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4145863/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates the limitations of the standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay to predict protection against dengue. We perform studies to compare how a commercial IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using reference standard and clinical mature viruses are associated with dengue disease. Healthy children (n = 1,206) in Cebu, Philippines were followed for 5 years. High ELISA values (≥3) were associated with reduced dengue probability relative to naïve children (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), but antibody binding EDIII or NS1 from each serotype had no association. High standard and mature geometric mean PRNT titers were associated with reduced dengue disease overall (p < 0.01), and high DENV2 and DENV3 titers in both assays provided protection against the matched serotype (p < 0.02). However, while 52% of dengue cases had standard virus PRNT titers > 100, only 2% of cases had mature virus PRNT titers > 100 (p < 0.001), indicating a lower, more consistent threshold for protection. Each assay may be useful for different purposes as correlates of protection in population and vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Camila Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jedas Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Ana Coello Escoto
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Lindsay Dahora Hein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Rosemary Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Patrick Mpingabo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Guillermo Raimundi Rodriguez
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Saba Firdous
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Maria Abad Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Kristal-An Agrupis
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | | | - Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
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29
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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30
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Pschunder B, Locati L, López O, Martin Aispuro P, Zurita E, Stuible M, Durocher Y, Hozbor D. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis are potent adjuvant that drive Th1-biased response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387534. [PMID: 38650936 PMCID: PMC11033331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For several years, we have been committed to exploring the potential of Bordetella pertussis-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVBp) as a promising third-generation vaccine against the reemerging pertussis disease. The results of our preclinical trials not only confirm its protective capacity against B. pertussis infection but also set the stage for forthcoming human clinical trials. This study delves into the examination of OMVBp as an adjuvant. To accomplish this objective, we implemented a two-dose murine schedule to evaluate the specific immune response induced by formulations containing OMVBp combined with 3 heterologous immunogens: Tetanus toxoid (T), Diphtheria toxoid (D), and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S). The specific levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a triggered by the different tested formulations were evaluated using ELISA in dose-response assays for OMVBp and the immunogens at varying levels. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the low concentration employed (1.5 μg of protein per dose). As this effect was notably enhanced at medium (3 μg) and high concentrations (6 μg), we chose the medium concentration to determine the minimum immunogen dose at which the OMV adjuvant properties are significantly evident. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the lowest concentration tested for each immunogen. In the presence of OMVBp, specific IgG levels detected for the lowest amount of antigen tested increased by 2.5 to 10 fold compared to those found in animals immunized with formulations containing adjuvant-free antigens (p<0.0001). When assessing the adjuvant properties of OMVBp compared to the widely recognized adjuvant alum, we detected similar levels of specific IgG against D, T and S for both adjuvants. Experiments with OMVs derived from E. coli (OMVE.coli) reaffirmed that the adjuvant properties of OMVs extend across different bacterial species. Nonetheless, it's crucial to highlight that OMVBp notably skewed the immune response towards a Th1 profile (p<0.05). These collective findings emphasize the dual role of OMVBp as both an adjuvant and modulator of the immune response, positioning it favorably for incorporation into combined vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Pschunder
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucia Locati
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oriana López
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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31
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Gilbert PB, Fong Y, Hejazi NS, Kenny A, Huang Y, Carone M, Benkeser D, Follmann D. Four statistical frameworks for assessing an immune correlate of protection (surrogate endpoint) from a randomized, controlled, vaccine efficacy trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:2181-2190. [PMID: 38458870 PMCID: PMC10999339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A central goal of vaccine research is to characterize and validate immune correlates of protection (CoPs). In addition to helping elucidate immunological mechanisms, a CoP can serve as a valid surrogate endpoint for an infectious disease clinical outcome and thus qualifies as a primary endpoint for vaccine authorization or approval without requiring resource-intensive randomized, controlled phase 3 trials. Yet, it is challenging to persuasively validate a CoP, because a prognostic immune marker can fail as a reliable basis for predicting/inferring the level of vaccine efficacy against a clinical outcome, and because the statistical analysis of phase 3 trials only has limited capacity to disentangle association from cause. Moreover, the multitude of statistical methods garnered for CoP evaluation in phase 3 trials renders the comparison, interpretation, and synthesis of CoP results challenging. Toward promoting broader harmonization and standardization of CoP evaluation, this article summarizes four complementary statistical frameworks for evaluating CoPs in a phase 3 trial, focusing on the frameworks' distinct scientific objectives as measured and communicated by distinct causal vaccine efficacy parameters. Advantages and disadvantages of the frameworks are considered, dependent on phase 3 trial context, and perspectives are offered on how the frameworks can be applied and their results synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nima S Hejazi
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avi Kenny
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Lee C, Imran I, Thomas S, Nouri-Shirazi M. A comprehensive method for the phenotypical and functional characterization of recalled human memory B and T cells specific to vaccine antigens. J Immunol Methods 2024; 527:113650. [PMID: 38428517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Current methodologies for assessing vaccine effectiveness and longevity primarily center on measuring vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies in serum or plasma. However, these methods overlook additional parameters such as the presence of memory B cells, even as antibody levels wane, and the pivotal role played by memory T cells in shaping antigen-specific memory B cell responses. Several studies have employed a combination of polyclonal activators, such as CpG and R848, along with various cytokines to provoke the recall of memory B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). Other studies have examined the use of live attenuated viruses to stimulate antigen-specific memory T cells within PBMCs into effector T cells that produce Th1/Th2 cytokines. However, these studies have not fully elucidated the distinct effects of these polyclonal activators on individual subsets, nor have they evaluated whether the vaccine antigen alone is sufficient to trigger the recall of memory T cells. Thus, in this study, we directly compared the capacity of two B cell polyclonal activators to induce the transition of existing vaccine-specific memory cells present in peripheral blood samples into ASCs. Simultaneously, we also assessed the transition of existing memory T cells into effector subsets in response to vaccine antigens. Our findings demonstrate that both polyclonal activator combinations, CpG with IL-6 and IL-15, as well as R848 with IL-2, effectively induce the terminal differentiation of memory B cells into ASCs. Notably, CpG treatment preferentially expanded naïve and non-class-switched B cells, while R848 expanded class-switched memory cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells. Consequently, R848 treatment led to a greater overall production of total and antigen-specific IgG immunoglobulins. Additionally, the exposure of isolated PBMCs to vaccine antigens alone proved sufficient for recalling the rare antigen-specific memory T cells into effector subsets, predominantly consisting of IFN-γ-producing CD4 T cells and TNF-β-producing CD8 T cells. This study not only establishes a rationale for the selection of methods to expand and detect antigen-specific lymphocyte subsets but also presents a means to quantify vaccine effectiveness by correlating serum antibody levels with preexisting memory cells within peripheral blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Czdari Lee
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Imtisal Imran
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Sara Thomas
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mahyar Nouri-Shirazi
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 777 Glades Road, PO Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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Hussain I, Umer M, Khan A, Sajid M, Ahmed I, Begum K, Iqbal J, Alam MM, Safdar RM, Baig S, Voorman A, Partridge J, Soofi S. Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384410. [PMID: 38601488 PMCID: PMC11004230 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction After trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) cessation, Pakistan has maintained immunity to type 2 poliovirus by administering inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, alongside monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV in supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). This study assesses the change in poliovirus type 2 immunity after tOPV withdrawal and due to SIAs with mOPV2 and IPV among children aged 6-11 months. Methods Three cross-sectional sequential serological surveys were conducted in 12 polio high-risk areas of Pakistan. 25 clusters from each geographical stratum were selected utilizing probability proportional to size. Results Seroprevalence of type 2 poliovirus was 49%, with significant variation observed among surveyed areas; <30% in Pishin, >80% in Killa Abdullah, Mardan & Swabi, and Rawalpindi. SIAs with IPV improved immunity from 38 to 57% in Karachi and 60 to 88% in Khyber. SIAs with IPV following mOPV2 improved immunity from 62 to 65% in Killa Abdullah, and combined mOPV2 and IPV SIAs in Pishin improved immunity from 28 to 89%. Results also reflected that immunity rates for serotypes 1 and 3 were consistently above 90% during all three phases and across all geographical areas. Conclusion The study findings highlight the importance of implementing effective vaccination strategies to prevent the re-emergence of poliovirus. Moreover, the results provide crucial information for policymakers working toward achieving global polio eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Begum
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rana M. Safdar
- Polio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Baig
- Polio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arie Voorman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Sajid Soofi
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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34
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Airola C, Andaloro S, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Vaccine Responses in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: From the Immune System to the Gut Microbiota. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38675732 PMCID: PMC11054513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines prevent a significant number of deaths annually. However, certain populations do not respond adequately to vaccination due to impaired immune systems. Cirrhosis, a condition marked by a profound disruption of immunity, impairs the normal immunization process. Critical vaccines for cirrhotic patients, such as the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza, pneumococcal, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), often elicit suboptimal responses in these individuals. The humoral response, essential for immunization, is less effective in cirrhosis due to a decline in B memory cells and an increase in plasma blasts, which interfere with the creation of a long-lasting response to antigen vaccination. Additionally, some T cell subtypes exhibit reduced activation in cirrhosis. Nonetheless, the persistence of memory T cell activity, while not preventing infections, may help to attenuate the severity of diseases in these patients. Alongside that, the impairment of innate immunity, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs), prevents the normal priming of adaptive immunity, interrupting the immunization process at its onset. Furthermore, cirrhosis disrupts the gut-liver axis balance, causing dysbiosis, reduced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation. Undermining the physiological activity of the immune system, these alterations could impact the vaccine response. Enhancing the understanding of the molecular and cellular factors contributing to impaired vaccination responses in cirrhotic patients is crucial for improving vaccine efficacy in this population and developing better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Adhikari J, Heffernan J, Edeling M, Fernandez E, Jethva PN, Diamond MS, Fremont DH, Gross ML. Epitope Mapping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies by Native Mass Spectrometry and Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange. Biomolecules 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38540792 PMCID: PMC10967844 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a global public health concern due to its epidemiological distribution and the existence of multiple strains. Neutralizing antibodies against this infection have shown efficacy in in vivo studies. Thus, elucidation of the epitopes of neutralizing antibodies can aid in the design and development of effective vaccines against different strains of JEV. Here, we describe a combination of native mass spectrometry (native-MS) and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to complete screening of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against JEV E-DIII to identify epitope regions. Native-MS was used as a first pass to identify the antibodies that formed a complex with the target antigen, and it revealed that seven of the eight monoclonal antibodies underwent binding. Native mass spectra of a MAb (JEV-27) known to be non-binding showed broad native-MS peaks and poor signal, suggesting the protein is a mixture or that there are impurities in the sample. We followed native-MS with HDX-MS to locate the binding sites for several of the complex-forming antibodies. This combination of two mass spectrometry-based approaches should be generally applicable and particularly suitable for screening of antigen-antibody and other protein-protein interactions when other traditional approaches give unclear results or are difficult, unavailable, or need to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.A.); (P.N.J.)
| | - James Heffernan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.H.); (M.E.); (E.F.); (M.S.D.); (D.H.F.)
| | - Melissa Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.H.); (M.E.); (E.F.); (M.S.D.); (D.H.F.)
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.H.); (M.E.); (E.F.); (M.S.D.); (D.H.F.)
| | - Prashant N. Jethva
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.A.); (P.N.J.)
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.H.); (M.E.); (E.F.); (M.S.D.); (D.H.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.H.); (M.E.); (E.F.); (M.S.D.); (D.H.F.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; (J.A.); (P.N.J.)
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Gardner BJ, Kilpatrick AM. Predicting Vaccine Effectiveness for Hospitalization and Symptomatic Disease for Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants Using Neutralizing Antibody Titers. Viruses 2024; 16:479. [PMID: 38543844 PMCID: PMC10975673 DOI: 10.3390/v16030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new virus variants, including the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2, can lead to reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) and the need for new vaccines or vaccine doses if the extent of immune evasion is severe. Neutralizing antibody titers have been shown to be a correlate of protection for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, and could be used to quickly estimate vaccine effectiveness for new variants. However, no model currently exists to provide precise VE estimates for a new variant against severe disease for SARS-CoV-2 using robust datasets from several populations. We developed predictive models for VE against COVID-19 symptomatic disease and hospitalization across a 54-fold range of mean neutralizing antibody titers. For two mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2), models fit without Omicron data predicted that infection with the BA.1 Omicron variant increased the risk of hospitalization 2.8-4.4-fold and increased the risk of symptomatic disease 1.7-4.2-fold compared to the Delta variant. Out-of-sample validation showed that model predictions were accurate; all predictions were within 10% of observed VE estimates and fell within the model prediction intervals. Predictive models using neutralizing antibody titers can provide rapid VE estimates, which can inform vaccine booster timing, vaccine design, and vaccine selection for new virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy J. Gardner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - A. Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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37
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Karim F, Riou C, Bernstein M, Jule Z, Lustig G, van Graan S, Keeton RS, Upton JL, Ganga Y, Khan K, Reedoy K, Mazibuko M, Govender K, Thambu K, Ngcobo N, Venter E, Makhado Z, Hanekom W, von Gottberg A, Hoque M, Karim QA, Abdool Karim SS, Manickchund N, Magula N, Gosnell BI, Lessells RJ, Moore PL, Burgers WA, de Oliveira T, Moosa MYS, Sigal A. Clearance of persistent SARS-CoV-2 associates with increased neutralizing antibodies in advanced HIV disease post-ART initiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2360. [PMID: 38491050 PMCID: PMC10943233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 clearance requires adaptive immunity but the contribution of neutralizing antibodies and T cells in different immune states is unclear. Here we ask which adaptive immune responses associate with clearance of long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-mediated immunosuppression after suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. We assembled a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected people in South Africa (n = 994) including participants with advanced HIV disease characterized by immunosuppression due to T cell depletion. Fifty-four percent of participants with advanced HIV disease had prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection (>1 month). In the five vaccinated participants with advanced HIV disease tested, SARS-CoV-2 clearance associates with emergence of neutralizing antibodies but not SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cells, while CD4 T cell responses were not determined due to low cell numbers. Further, complete HIV suppression is not required for clearance, although it is necessary for an effective vaccine response. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection led to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, including virus with extensive neutralization escape in a Delta variant infected participant. The results provide evidence that neutralizing antibodies are required for SARS-CoV-2 clearance in HIV-mediated immunosuppression recovery, and that suppressive ART is necessary to curtail evolution of co-infecting pathogens to reduce individual health consequences as well as public health risk linked with generation of escape mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | | | - Zesuliwe Jule
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gila Lustig
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roanne S Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | | | - Yashica Ganga
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kajal Reedoy
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Venter
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Willem Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Monjurul Hoque
- KwaDabeka Community Health Centre, KwaDabeka, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nithendra Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nombulelo Magula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bernadett I Gosnell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard J Lessells
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
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Verma A, De Pascalis R, Mocca CP, Li X, Burns DL. Visualization of immune pathways that enhance the neutralizing antibody response to vaccines after primary immunization. mBio 2024; 15:e0003724. [PMID: 38334423 PMCID: PMC10936199 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00037-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between the association of a vaccine antigen with immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs shortly after immunization and the resulting neutralizing antibody response induced by that antigen using three antigenic forms of anthrax protective antigen (PA) that induce qualitatively different antibody responses. The three PA forms used were wild-type PA, which binds to anthrax toxin receptors and elicits a robust antibody response that includes both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies; a receptor-binding-deficient (RBD) mutant form of PA, which does not bind cellular receptors and elicits only barely detectable antibody responses; and an engineered chimeric form of PA, which binds cholera toxin receptors and elicits a robust total antibody response but a poor neutralizing antibody response. We found that both wild-type PA and the PA chimera associated with immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs after immunization, but the RBD mutant PA exhibited minimal association, revealing a relationship between antigen binding to toxin receptors on immune cells after immunization and subsequent antibody responses. A portion of wild-type PA that bound to immune cells was cell surface-associated and maintained its native conformation. Much lower amounts of conformationally intact PA chimera were associated with immune cells after immunization, correlating with the lower neutralizing antibody response elicited by the PA chimera. Thus, binding of an antigen to receptors on immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs after immunization and maintenance of conformational integrity of the cell-associated antigen help dictate the magnitude of the resulting neutralizing antibody response, but not necessarily the total antibody response.IMPORTANCEMany vaccines protect by the induction of antibodies that neutralize the action of the pathogen. Here, we followed the fate of three antigenic forms of a vaccine antigen in secondary lymphoid organs after immunization to investigate events leading to a robust neutralizing antibody response. We found that the magnitude of the neutralizing antibody response, but not the total antibody response, correlates with the levels of conformationally intact antigen associated with immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs after primary immunization. We believe that these results provide important insights into the genesis of neutralizing antibody responses induced by vaccine antigens and may have implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Verma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberto De Pascalis
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher P. Mocca
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Drusilla L. Burns
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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deCamp AC, Corcoran MM, Fulp WJ, Willis JR, Cottrell CA, Bader DLV, Kalyuzhniy O, Leggat DJ, Cohen KW, Hyrien O, Menis S, Finak G, Ballweber-Fleming L, Srikanth A, Plyler JR, Rahaman F, Lombardo A, Philiponis V, Whaley RE, Seese A, Brand J, Ruppel AM, Hoyland W, Mahoney CR, Cagigi A, Taylor A, Brown DM, Ambrozak DR, Sincomb T, Mullen TM, Maenza J, Kolokythas O, Khati N, Bethony J, Roederer M, Diemert D, Koup RA, Laufer DS, McElrath JM, McDermott AB, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Schief WR. Human immunoglobulin gene allelic variation impacts germline-targeting vaccine priming. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:58. [PMID: 38467663 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine priming immunogens that activate germline precursors for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have promise for development of precision vaccines against major human pathogens. In a clinical trial of the eOD-GT8 60mer germline-targeting immunogen, higher frequencies of vaccine-induced VRC01-class bnAb-precursor B cells were observed in the high dose compared to the low dose group. Through immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genotyping, statistical modeling, quantification of IGHV1-2 allele usage and B cell frequencies in the naive repertoire for each trial participant, and antibody affinity analyses, we found that the difference between dose groups in VRC01-class response frequency was best explained by IGHV1-2 genotype rather than dose and was most likely due to differences in IGHV1-2 B cell frequencies for different genotypes. The results demonstrate the need to define population-level immunoglobulin allelic variations when designing germline-targeting immunogens and evaluating them in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan C deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Martin M Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William J Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel L V Bader
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David J Leggat
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lamar Ballweber-Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Abhinaya Srikanth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason R Plyler
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farhad Rahaman
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th floor, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | | | | | - Rachael E Whaley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Joshua Brand
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis M Ruppel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wesley Hoyland
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celia R Mahoney
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison Taylor
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Brown
- The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Troy Sincomb
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tina-Marie Mullen
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Orpheus Kolokythas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nadia Khati
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Diemert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dagna S Laufer
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th floor, New York, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Juliana M McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - William R Schief
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Chumbe A, Grobben M, Capella-Pujol J, Koekkoek SM, Zon I, Slamanig S, Merat SJ, Beaumont T, Sliepen K, Schinkel J, van Gils MJ. A panel of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins for the characterization of antibody responses using antibodies with diverse recognition and neutralization patterns. Virus Res 2024; 341:199308. [PMID: 38171391 PMCID: PMC10821612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is urgently needed to limit the spread of HCV. The large antigenic diversity of the HCV glycoprotein E1E2 makes it difficult to design a vaccine but also to fully understand the antibody response after infection or vaccination. Here we designed a panel of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpps) that cover a wide range of genetically and antigenically diverse E1E2s. We validate our panel using neutralization and a binding antibody multiplex assay (BAMA). The panel of HCVpps includes E1E2 glycoproteins from acute and chronically infected cases in the Netherlands, as well as E1E2 glycoproteins from previously reported HCVs. Using eight monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic regions on E1E2, we could categorize four groups of neutralization sensitive viruses with viruses showing neutralization titers over a 100-fold range. One HCVpp (AMS0230) was extremely neutralization resistant and only neutralized by AR4-targeting antibodies. In addition, using binding antibody multiplex competition assay, we delineated mAb epitopes and their interactions. The binding and neutralization sensitivity of the HCVpps were confirmed using patient sera. At the end, eleven HCVpps with unique antibody binding and neutralization profiles were selected as the final panel for standardized HCV antibody assessments. In conclusion, this HCVpp panel can be used to evaluate antibody binding and neutralization breadth and potency as well as delineate the epitopes targeted in sera from patients or candidate vaccine trials. The HCVpp panel in combination with the established antibody competition assay present highly valuable tools for HCV vaccine development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chumbe
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joan Capella-Pujol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie M Koekkoek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Zon
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Slamanig
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Beaumont
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Fuji N, Pham M, Kaur R, Pichichero M. Serotype 3 Antibody Response and Antibody Functionality Compared to Serotype 19A Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Immunization in Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:294-300. [PMID: 38048644 PMCID: PMC10922043 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of infections in children vaccinated with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may be less effective against serotype 3 than 19A. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to to determine differences in IgG and functional antibody for serotype 3 versus 19A following PCV13 immunization, in IgG antibody levels induced by PCV13 compared to naturally-induced immunity, and assess effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 and 19A in prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) and colonization among 6-36-month-old children. METHODS Samples were from a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study conducted in Rochester, NY. Pneumococcal detection was by culture. 713 serum were tested for antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 68 for functional antibody by opsonophagocytosis and 47 for antibody avidity by thiocyanate bond disruption. PCV13 effectiveness in preventing AOM and colonization was determined by comparison of pre-PCV13 detection of serotypes 3 and 19A to post-PCV13. RESULTS The proportion of children who reached the antibody threshold of ≧0.35 µg/mL after PCV13 was higher for serotype 19A than serotype 3. Only serotype 19A showed significant increase in PCV13-induced opsonophagocytosis assay titers and antibody avidity. Serotype 3 naturally-induced immune children showed a positive trend of increase in antibody level as children got older, but not PCV13-immunized children. PCV13 effectiveness was not identified in preventing AOM or colonization for serotype 3 but effectiveness of 19A was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS PCV13 elicits lower antibody levels and lower effectiveness to serotype 3 versus serotype 19A. Post-PCV13-induced antibody levels for serotype 3 are likely insufficient to prevent AOM and colonization in most young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fuji
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester NY
| | - Minh Pham
- San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco CA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester NY
| | - Michael Pichichero
- Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester NY
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Baba C, Kaya E, Ozcelik S, Ozdogar AT, Samadzade U, Cevik S, Calıskan C, Dogan Y, Ozakbas S. COVID-19 vaccine response in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 238:108152. [PMID: 38382130 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND AIMS Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that requires immunosuppressants to control the relapses. The latter puts them at risk for more severe COVID-19 infection. Vaccines are an effective way to control the pandemic. However, we do not know how effective they are in immunologically compromised patients. We aimed to evaluate and compare antibody levels in NMOSD patients treated with disease-modifying therapies after two doses of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Patients with NMOSD diagnosis and age-sex matched healthy controls who received two doses of either inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were recruited in the study. Serum samples were collected at least two weeks after the second dose. RESULTS Serum samples from 24 NMOSD patients (Mean age-36.58, Female-70.83%) and 24 healthy controls (Mean age-36.71, Female-70.83%) were evaluated. Mean antibody titer was lower in the NMOSD group (Mean; SD (2.43 ± 1.51) than in healthy controls (Mean; SD 3.23 ± 0.80). Seronegativity was only seen in the rituximab group, there were no such cases in the azathioprine group. (9 vs 0). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that NMOSD patients treated with rituximab may still be susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection even after both inactivated and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavid Baba
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ergi Kaya
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Ozcelik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asiye Tuba Ozdogar
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ulvi Samadzade
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Cevik
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Can Calıskan
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dogan
- Vocational Health High School, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozakbas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Liu Y, Li D, Han J. COVID-19 vaccines and beyond. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:207-209. [PMID: 38273150 PMCID: PMC10902311 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Danying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Research Unit of Cellular Stress of CAMS, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Karuppannan M, Ming LC, Abdul Wahab MS, Mohd Noordin Z, Yee S, Hermansyah A. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the public. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2308617. [PMID: 38420042 PMCID: PMC10901186 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The safety, side effects and efficacy profile of COVID-19 vaccines remain subjects of ongoing concern among the public in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the types of adverse effects following immunisation with COVID-19 vaccines and the differences based on various types of COVID-19 vaccines to raise public awareness and reduce vaccine hesitancy among the public. Methods A total of 901 Malaysian adults (≥18 years) who received various COVID-19 vaccines were selected to participate in our cross-sectional study through an online survey between December 2021 and January 2022. Results A total of 814 (90.3%) of the participants reported ≥1 side effect following COVID-19 immunisation. Of these, the predominant symptoms were swelling at the injection site (n = 752, 83.5%), headache (n = 638, 70.8%), pain or soreness at the injection site (n = 628, 69.7%), fatigue or tiredness (n = 544, 60.4%), muscle weakness (n = 529, 58.7%) and diarrhea (n = 451, 50.1%). Recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty ®) vaccine reported the highest number of adverse effects (n = 355, 43.6%), followed by mixed COVID-19 vaccines (n = 254, 31.2%), the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-®[recombinant]) vaccine (n = 113, 13.9%) and the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine (n = 90, 11.1%). The study showed that individuals who reported significantly more side effects were of elderly age, female gender and high educational level [P value < 0.05]. Mixed COVID-19 vaccine recipients also reported significantly more local and systemic symptoms after the first dose and third dose when compared with other single vaccine recipients. Conclusion This study demonstrated the types of self-reported adverse effects following immunisation with single and mixed COVID-19 vaccines. These findings may provide the side effects of different COVID-19 vaccines with the hope of educating the public on the safety profiles of these vaccines and reducing vaccine hesitancy among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmathi Karuppannan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Mohd Shahezwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Mohd Noordin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shermaine Yee
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Tian X, Wang J, Chen H, Ding M, Jin Q, Zhang JR. In vivo functional immunoprotection correlates for vaccines against invasive bacteria. Vaccine 2024; 42:853-863. [PMID: 38233287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of invasive infections caused by several bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. However, no vaccines are available for many other invasive pathogens. A major hurdle in vaccine development is the lack of functional markers to quantify vaccine immunity in eliminating pathogens during the process of infection. Based on our recent discovery of the liver as the major organ of vaccine-induced clearance of blood-borne virulent bacteria, we here describe a new vaccine evaluation system that quantitatively characterizes the key features of effective vaccines in shuffling virulent bacteria from the blood circulation to the liver resident macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in mouse septic infection model. This system consists of three related correlates or assays: pathogen clearance from the bloodstream, pathogen trapping in the liver, and pathogen capture by KCs/LSECs. These readouts were consistently associated with the serotype-specific immunoprotection levels of the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against lethal infection of S. pneumoniae, a major invasive Gram-positive pathogen of community-acquired infections in humans. Furthermore, the reliability and sensitivity of these correlates in reflecting vaccine efficacy were verified with whole cell vaccines of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, two major Gram-negative pathogens in hospital-acquired invasive infections. This system may be used as effective readouts to evaluate the immunoprotective potential of vaccine candidates in the preclinical phase by filling the current technical gap in vaccine evaluation between the conventional in vitro approaches (e.g. antibody production and pathogen neutralization/opsonophagocytosis) and survival of immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Tian
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoze Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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47
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Li C, Yu J, Wang Y, Li X, Li Y, An M, Ni W, Liu K, Hu S. Efficacy of H 2O 2 inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 vaccine in mice. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:43. [PMID: 38308297 PMCID: PMC10837870 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which has brought huge economic losses to the world's cattle industry. At present, commercial inactivated BVDV vaccines may cause some adverse reactions during use. This study aims to develop a safer and more efficient inactivated BVDV vaccine. METHODS Here, we described the generation and preclinical efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inactivated BVDV type 1 vaccine in mice, and administered it separately with commercial vaccine (formaldehyde inactivated) in mice to study its efficacy. RESULTS The BVDV type 1 IgG, IFN- γ, IL-4 and neutralizing antibody in the serum of the H2O2 inactivated vaccine group can be maintained in mice for 70 days. The IgG level reached its maximum value of 0.67 on the 42nd day, significantly higher than the commercial formaldehyde inactivated BVDV type 1 vaccine. IFN- γ and IL-4 reached their maximum values on the 28th day after immunization, at 123.16 pg/ml and 143.80 pg/ml, respectively, slightly higher than commercial vaccines, but the effect was not significant. At the same time the BVDV-1 neutralizing antibody titer reached a maximum of 12 Nu on the 42nd day post vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The H2O2 inactivated BVDV vaccine has good safety and immunogenicity, which provides a potential solution for the further development of an efficient and safe BVDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingxuan An
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Kaiping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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48
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Röltgen K, Boyd SD. Antibody and B Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: The End of the Beginning. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:69-97. [PMID: 37738512 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during the past years, interactions between human immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, and effective vaccines have complicated the landscape of individual immunological histories. Here, we review some key findings for antibody and B cell-mediated immunity, including responses to the highly mutated omicron variants; immunological imprinting and other impacts of successive viral antigenic variant exposures on antibody and B cell memory; responses in secondary lymphoid and mucosal tissues and non-neutralizing antibody-mediated immunity; responses in populations vulnerable to severe disease such as those with cancer, immunodeficiencies, and other comorbidities, as well as populations showing apparent resistance to severe disease such as many African populations; and evidence of antibody involvement in postacute sequelae of infection or long COVID. Despite the initial phase of the pandemic ending, human populations will continue to face challenges presented by this unpredictable virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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49
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Horbach IS, de Souza Azevedo A, Schwarcz WD, Alves NDS, de Moura Dias B, Setatino BP, da Cruz Moura L, de Souza AF, Denani CB, da Silva SA, Pimentel TG, de Oliveira Silva Ferreira V, Azamor T, Ano Bom APD, da Penha Gomes Gouvea M, Mill JG, Valim V, Polese J, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, de Lima SMB, de Sousa Junior IP. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) Accuracy in Evaluating Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2. Diseases 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38248380 PMCID: PMC10814169 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Massive vaccination positively impacted the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, being a strategy to increase the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in the population. Assessing NAb levels and understanding the kinetics of NAb responses is critical for evaluating immune protection. In this study, we optimized and validated a PRNT50 assay to assess 50% virus neutralization and evaluated its accuracy to measure NAbs to the original strain or variant of SARS-CoV-2. The optimal settings were selected, such as the cell (2 × 105 cells/well) and CMC (1.5%) concentrations and the viral input (~60 PFU/well) for PRNT-SARS-CoV-2 with cut-off point = 1.64 log5 based on the ROC curve (AUC = 0.999). The validated PRNT-SARS-CoV-2 assay presented high accuracy with an intraassay precision of 100% for testing samples with different NAb levels (low, medium, and high titers). The method displays high selectivity without cross-reactivity with dengue (DENV), measles (MV), zika (ZIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. In addition, the standardized PRNT-SARS-CoV-2 assay presented robustness when submitted to controlled variations. The validated PRNT assay was employed to test over 1000 specimens from subjects with positive or negative diagnoses for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited higher levels of NAbs than those presenting mild symptoms for both the Wuhan strain and Omicron. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed description of an optimized and validated PRNT50 assay to monitor immune protection and to subsidize surveillance policies applied to epidemiologic studies of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Siciliano Horbach
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Waleska Dias Schwarcz
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Nathalia dos Santos Alves
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Brenda de Moura Dias
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Bruno Pimenta Setatino
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Luma da Cruz Moura
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Ariane Faria de Souza
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Caio Bidueira Denani
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.S.H.); (A.d.S.A.); (W.D.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (B.d.M.D.); (B.P.S.); (L.d.C.M.); (A.F.d.S.); (C.B.D.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Almeida da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Goes Pimentel
- Núcleo de Apoio Administrativo VDINV, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Victor de Oliveira Silva Ferreira
- Seção de Validação Analítica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Maria da Penha Gomes Gouvea
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória 29041-295, Brazil; (M.d.P.G.G.); (J.G.M.); (V.V.)
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória 29041-295, Brazil; (M.d.P.G.G.); (J.G.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Valéria Valim
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória 29041-295, Brazil; (M.d.P.G.G.); (J.G.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Jessica Polese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29500-000, Brazil;
| | - Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.C.C.-A.); (V.P.-M.); (A.T.-C.); (O.A.M.-F.)
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.C.C.-A.); (V.P.-M.); (A.T.-C.); (O.A.M.-F.)
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.C.C.-A.); (V.P.-M.); (A.T.-C.); (O.A.M.-F.)
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.C.C.-A.); (V.P.-M.); (A.T.-C.); (O.A.M.-F.)
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Departamento de Desenvolvimento Experimental e Pré-clínico (DEDEP), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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50
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Fazli S, Thomas A, Estrada AE, Ross HA, Xthona Lee D, Kazmierczak S, Slifka MK, Montefiori D, Messer WB, Curlin ME. Contralateral second dose improves antibody responses to a 2-dose mRNA vaccination regimen. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176411. [PMID: 38227381 PMCID: PMC10940087 DOI: 10.1172/jci176411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDVaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination, but this factor may substantially affect downstream immune responses.METHODSWe assessed serological responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination in baseline seronegative adults who received second-dose boosters in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm relative to initial vaccination. We measured serum SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific Ig, receptor-binding domain-specific (RBD-specific) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific IgG, and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.D614G (early strain) and SARS-CoV-2.B.1.1.529 (Omicron) at approximately 0.6, 8, and 14 months after boosting.RESULTSIn 947 individuals, contralateral boosting was associated with higher spike-specific serum Ig, and this effect increased over time, from a 1.1-fold to a 1.4-fold increase by 14 months (P < 0.001). A similar pattern was seen for RBD-specific IgG. Among 54 pairs matched for age, sex, and relevant time intervals, arm groups had similar antibody levels at study visit 2 (W2), but contralateral boosting resulted in significantly higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers at W3 and W4, with progressive increase over time, ranging from 1.3-fold (total Ig, P = 0.007) to 4.0-fold (pseudovirus neutralization to B.1.1.529, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn previously unexposed adults receiving an initial vaccine series with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, contralateral boosting substantially increases antibody magnitude and breadth at times beyond 3 weeks after vaccination. This effect should be considered during arm selection in the context of multidose vaccine regimens.FUNDINGM.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, OHSU Foundation, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Thomas
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, and
| | - Abram E. Estrada
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - David Xthona Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Kazmierczak
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, and
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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