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Tricò D, Chiriacò M, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Kursawe R, Tarabra E, Galderisi A, Natali A, Giannini C, Hellerstein M, Ferrannini E, Caprio S. Alterations in Adipose Tissue Distribution, Cell Morphology, and Function Mark Primary Insulin Hypersecretion in Youth With Obesity. Diabetes 2024; 73:941-952. [PMID: 37870826 PMCID: PMC11109779 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive insulin secretion independent of insulin resistance, defined as primary hypersecretion, is associated with obesity and an unfavorable metabolic phenotype. We examined the characteristics of adipose tissue of youth with primary insulin hypersecretion and the longitudinal metabolic alterations influenced by the complex adipo-insular interplay. In a multiethnic cohort of adolescents with obesity but without diabetes, primary insulin hypersecretors had enhanced model-derived β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity but worse glucose tolerance, despite similar demographics, adiposity, and insulin resistance measured by both oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Hypersecretors had greater intrahepatic and visceral fat depots at abdominal MRI, hypertrophic abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, higher free fatty acid and leptin serum levels per fat mass, and faster in vivo lipid turnover assessed by a long-term 2H2O labeling protocol. At 2-year follow-up, hypersecretors had greater fat accrual and a threefold higher risk for abnormal glucose tolerance, while individuals with hypertrophic adipocytes or higher leptin levels showed enhanced β-cell glucose sensitivity. Primary insulin hypersecretion is associated with marked alterations in adipose tissue distribution, cellularity, and lipid dynamics, independent of whole-body adiposity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic insight into the metabolic crosstalk between β-cell and adipocyte may help to identify individuals at risk for chronic hyperinsulinemia, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Romy Kursawe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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2
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Hassell Sweatman CZW. Modelling remission from overweight type 2 diabetes reveals how altering advice may counter relapse. Math Biosci 2024; 371:109180. [PMID: 38518862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The development or remission of diet-induced overweight type 2 diabetes involves many biological changes which occur over very different timescales. Remission, defined by HbA1c<6.5%, or fasting plasma glucose concentration G<126 mg/dl, may be achieved rapidly by following weight loss guidelines. However, remission is often short-term, followed by relapse. Mathematical modelling provides a way of investigating a typical situation, in which patients are advised to lose weight and then maintain fat mass, a slow variable. Remission followed by relapse, in a modelling sense, is equivalent to changing from a remission trajectory with steady state G<126 mg/dl, to a relapse trajectory with steady state G≥126 mg/dl. Modelling predicts that a trajectory which maintains weight will be a relapse trajectory, if the fat mass chosen is too high, the threshold being dependent on the lipid to carbohydrate ratio of the diet. Modelling takes into account the effects of hepatic and pancreatic lipid on hepatic insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, respectively. This study leads to the suggestion that type 2 diabetes remission guidelines be given in terms of model parameters, not variables; that is, the patient should adhere to a given nutrition and exercise plan, rather than achieve a certain subset of variable values. The model predicts that calorie restriction, not weight loss, initiates remission from type 2 diabetes; and that advice of the form 'adhere to the diet and exercise plan' rather than 'achieve a certain weight loss' may help counter relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Z W Hassell Sweatman
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley Street East, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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3
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Lonardo MS, Cacciapuoti N, Guida B, Di Lorenzo M, Chiurazzi M, Damiano S, Menale C. Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:51-70. [PMID: 38172476 PMCID: PMC10933167 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis and to provide an overview of nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Female reproduction is a complex and delicate interplay between neuroendocrine signals involving the H-P-O axis. Elements that disrupt the balance of these interactions can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as PCOS. This disorder includes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities as well as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia which share an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases. Moreover, as in a self-feeding cycle, high androgen levels in PCOS lead to visceral fat deposition, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, further stimulating ovarian and adrenal androgen production. In fact, regardless of age and BMI, women with PCOS have more adipose tissue and less lean mass than healthy women. Excessive adiposity, especially visceral adiposity, is capable of affecting female reproduction through direct mechanisms compromising the luteal phase, and indirect mechanisms as metabolic alterations able to affect the function of the H-P-O axis. The intricate crosstalk between adiposity, inflammatory status and H-P-O axis function contributes to the main adiposity-related alterations in PCOS, and alongside currently available hormonal treatments, nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies can be exploited to treat these alterations, in order to enable a more comprehensive synergistic and tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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4
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Sevim C, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Ozkaraca M, Kara M, Genc S, Mendil AS, Yeni Y, Nikolouzakis TK, Ozcagli E. Investigation of the miRNA levels changes to acceptable daily intake dose pesticide mixture exposure on rat mesentery and pancreas. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140712. [PMID: 38036224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumers are constantly exposed to a variety of chemical mixtures as part of their everyday activities and lifestyle. Food, water and commercial products are only some examples of the possible ways people get exposed to these mixtures. However, following federal and local guidelines for risk assessment related to chemical exposure, risk analysis focuses on a single substance exposure scenario and not on a mixture, as in real life. Realizing the pronounced gap of this methodology, the real-life risk simulation scenario approach tries to address this problem by investigating the possible effect of long-term exposure to chemical mixtures closely resembling the actual circumstances of modern life. As part of this effort, this study aimed to identify the cumulative effects of pesticides belonging to different classes and commonly used commercial products on long-term exposure with realistic doses. Sprague Dawley rats were given a pesticide mix of active ingredients and formulation chemicals in a daily acceptable dose (ADI) and 10xADI for 90 days. Following thorough everyday documentation of possible side-effects, after 90 days all animals were sacrificed and their organs were examined. Exposure to pesticides particularly affects the miRNA levels at that point will provide us with more information about whether they can be potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Sevim
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University , 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Crete University, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Cumhuriyet University , 58070, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sidika Genc
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Erciyes University , 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Özal University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Eren Ozcagli
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Valencia-Ortega J, Solis-Paredes JM, Saucedo R, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Camacho-Arroyo I. Excessive Pregestational Weight and Maternal Obstetric Complications: The Role of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14678. [PMID: 37834125 PMCID: PMC10572963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a high frequency of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age. Women who start pregnancy with overweight or obesity have an increased risk of developing maternal obstetric complications such as gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum hemorrhage, and requiring C-section to resolve the pregnancy with a higher risk of C-section surgical site infection. Excessive weight in pregnancy is characterized by dysregulation of adipokines, the functions of which partly explain the predisposition of pregnant women with overweight or obesity to these maternal obstetric complications. This review compiles, organizes, and analyzes the most recent studies on adipokines in pregnant women with excess weight and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms favoring the development of maternal pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valencia-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Juan Mario Solis-Paredes
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Renata Saucedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
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Kim J, Oh CM, Kim H. The Interplay of Adipokines and Pancreatic Beta Cells in Metabolic Regulation and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2589. [PMID: 37761031 PMCID: PMC10526203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between adipokines and pancreatic beta cells, often referred to as the adipo-insular axis, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Adipokines are signaling molecules secreted by adipocytes that have profound effects on several physiological processes. Adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin influence the function of pancreatic beta cells. The reciprocal communication between adipocytes and beta cells is remarkable. Insulin secreted by beta cells affects adipose tissue metabolism, influencing lipid storage and lipolysis. Conversely, adipokines released from adipocytes can influence beta cell function and survival. Chronic obesity and insulin resistance can lead to the release of excess fatty acids and inflammatory molecules from the adipose tissue, contributing to beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis, which are key factors in developing type 2 diabetes. Understanding the complex interplay of the adipo-insular axis provides insights into the mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. By elucidating the molecular mediators involved in this interaction, new therapeutic targets and strategies may emerge to reduce the risk and progression of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. This review summarizes the interactions between adipokines and pancreatic beta cells, and their roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35105, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35105, Republic of Korea
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Santana-Oliveira DA, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Brito GC, Martins FF, Souza-Mello V. Chronic Excessive Fructose Intake Maximizes Brown Adipocyte Whitening but Causes Similar White Adipocyte Hypertrophy Than a High-Fat Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:435-444. [PMID: 35822844 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2062686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the differential role of a high-fat diet (HF) or high-fructose diet (HFRU) on white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue remodeling in C57BL/6 mice.Methods: The animals were randomly assigned to receive HF (50% of energy as lipids), HFRU (50% of energy as fructose), or a control diet (C, 10% of energy as lipids) for 12 weeks. Results: The HF group became overweight from the 7th week onwards, but both HF and HFRU groups showed hyperinsulinemia, oral glucose intolerance, and adverse adipose tissue remodeling. HF and HFRU groups showed interscapular brown adipose tissue whitening, tough the reduced QA [nuclei] suggested maximized brown adipocyte dysfunction due to the HFRU diet. In contrast, HF and HFRU diets exerted similar effects upon subcutaneous white adipocytes, with a similar average cross-sectional area. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the whitening enhancement with reduced UCP1 immunodensity in the HFRU group. Conclusion: In conclusion, HF and HFRU diets had indistinguishable effects upon white adipocyte morphology, but the HFRU diet provoked a more pronounced whitening than the HF diet after a 12-week protocol. These results point to the silent and harmful impact that excessive fructose has upon the metabolism of lean mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Carvalho Brito
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ruze R, Song J, Yin X, Chen Y, Xu R, Wang C, Zhao Y. Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:139. [PMID: 36964133 PMCID: PMC10039087 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related carcinogenesis has expanded exponentially since these two diseases were recognized as important risk factors for cancers. The growing interest in this area is prominently actuated by the increasing obesity and DM prevalence, which is partially responsible for the slight but constant increase in pancreatic cancer (PC) occurrence. PC is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by its insidious symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and devastating prognosis. The intricate process of obesity and DM promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis involves their local impact on the pancreas and concurrent whole-body systemic changes that are suitable for cancer initiation. The main mechanisms involved in this process include the excessive accumulation of various nutrients and metabolites promoting carcinogenesis directly while also aggravating mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolic disorders by affecting multiple pathways. Detrimental alterations in gastrointestinal and sex hormone levels and microbiome dysfunction further compromise immunometabolic regulation and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for carcinogenesis, which can be exacerbated by several crucial pathophysiological processes and TME components, such as autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosome secretion. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the immunometabolic mechanisms of obesity- and DM-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and dissects how metabolic disorders impair anticancer immunity and influence pathophysiological processes to favor cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
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9
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Francis EC, Oken E, Hivert MF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Chavarro JE, Perng W. Antimüllerian hormone and adiposity across midlife among women in Project Viva. Menopause 2023; 30:247-253. [PMID: 36728523 PMCID: PMC9974681 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) with concurrent and prospective measures of adiposity during approximately 9 years of follow-up. METHODS Participants were 697 parous women from the Project Viva prebirth cohort without polycystic ovarian syndrome. We measured AMH at approximately 3 years postpartum (baseline). Outcomes were weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference assessed at baseline, 4, and 9 years later; % body fat was assessed by bioimpedance at the 4- and 9-year visit. We used linear mixed-effect models including all outcome time points and accounting for age across follow-up and hormonal contraception prescription. In an additional model, we further adjusted for height. RESULTS Median AMH was 1.97 ng/mL (interquartile range, 0.83-4.36 ng/mL), 29.1% had AMH <1.0 ng/mL, and mean age at AMH measurement was 36.7 years (SD, 4.9 y; range, 20-48 y). AMH was inversely associated with average weight, BMI, and waist circumference over follow-up. In age-adjusted models, women with AMH <1.0 versus ≥1.0 ng/mL were 4.92 kg (95% CI, 2.01-7.82 kg) heavier, had a 2.51 cm (95% CI, 0.12-4.89 cm) greater waist circumference, and a 1.46 kg/m 2 (95% CI, 0.44-2.48 kg/m 2 ) greater BMI across the 9 years of follow-up. Findings were similar after covariate adjustment and when AMH was modeled continuously. AMH was also inversely associated with higher fat mass %; however, the CI crossed the null. CONCLUSION Low AMH at baseline was associated with greater adiposity concurrently and across approximately 9 years of follow-up. Whether low AMH is a useful marker of metabolic risk across midlife requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Francis
- From the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, Boston, MA
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10
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Ardiles LG. Obesity and renal disease: Benefits of bariatric surgery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1134644. [PMID: 36926320 PMCID: PMC10011092 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1134644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, a preventable and reversible condition with a high impact on health, continues to rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Severe overweight is well recognized as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension, among other conditions, that may increase cardiovascular risk. Obesity has grown simultaneously with a rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, and a pathophysiological link has been established, which explains its role in generating the conditions to facilitate the emergence and maximize the impact of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease and its progression to more advanced stages. Knowing the mechanisms involved and having different tools to reverse the overweight and its consequences, bariatric surgery has arisen as a useful and efficient method, complementary or alternative to others, such as lifestyle changes and/or pharmacotherapy. In a detailed review, the mechanisms involved in the renal consequences of obesity, the impact on risk factors, and the potential benefit of bariatric surgery at different stages of the disease and its progression are exposed and analyzed. Although the observational evidence supports the value of bariatric surgery as a renoprotective measure in individuals with obesity, diabetic or not, randomized studies are expected to establish evidence-based recommendations that demonstrate its positive risk-benefit balance as a complementary or alternative therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo G Ardiles
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Misiak B, Kowalski K, Stańczykiewicz B, Bartoli F, Carrà G, Samochowiec J, Samochowiec A, Frydecka D. Appetite-regulating hormones in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 67:101013. [PMID: 35792198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite may contribute to higher cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder (BD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating peripheral blood levels of appetite-regulating hormones in BD and controls. A total of 32 studies were included. Leptin and insulin levels were significantly elevated in patients with BD during euthymia, but not in other mood states. Greater differences in the number of male participants between patients with BD and healthy controls were associated with higher effect size estimates for the levels of insulin. There were significant positive correlations of effect size estimates for the levels of adiponectin with the percentage of individuals with type I BD and duration of BD. Our findings point to the mechanisms underlying high rates of cardiometabolic comorbidities in BD. Moreover, they suggest that investigating hormonal regulation of appetite might help to understand differences in the neurobiology of BD types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48 - 20900, Monza, Italy; Department of Mental Health & Addiction, ASST Nord Milano, Viale Matteotti, 83 - 20099, Sesto SG, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48 - 20900, Monza, Italy; Department of Mental Health & Addiction, ASST Nord Milano, Viale Matteotti, 83 - 20099, Sesto SG, Milano, Italy; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF London, UK
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Krakowska 69 Street, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Rezaeeshirazi R. Aerobic Versus Resistance Training: Leptin and Metabolic Parameters Improvement in Type 2 Diabetes Obese Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:537-547. [PMID: 34383632 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1875111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the research was to determine the changes in metabolic parameters, leptin, and irisin levels after aerobic and resistance training in type-2 diabetes obese men. Methods: Forty-five participants in the age range of 17-25 years were randomized into three groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and control (CO). All training sessions were fulfilled 4 days per week for two months. The aerobic training began with intensity of 65% of the maximum aerobic power and finished with 90%. The resistance program started with 50% of one-repetition maximum and reached 70% in the 8th week. Results: Factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant decreases in leptin (p = .043), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (p = .023), insulin (p = .001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = .022) in AT compared with CO and insulin (p = .006) in AT compared with RT. The change of percent body fat (PBF) was positively correlated only with change of HOMA-IR in AT group (p = .032) at p < .05. Conclusion: The result suggests that, compared to resistance training, aerobic training can control metabolic situations such as insulin resistance through the leptin hormone function, and not irisin in type-2 diabetes obese men.
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13
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Xu S, Ye B, Li J, Dou Y, Yu Y, Feng Y, Wang L, Wan DCC, Rong X. Astragalus mongholicus powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula ameliorate type 2 diabetes by regulating adipoinsular axis in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973927. [PMID: 36046814 PMCID: PMC9420938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global morbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased. Insulin resistance is the most important pathogenesis and therapeutic target of T2DM. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Astragalus mongholicus powder (APF), consists of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. [Fabaceae], and Morus alba L. [Moraceae] has a long history to be used to treat diabetes in ancient China. This work aims to investigate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by High-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight of mice and their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and lipids were examined. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. APF reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyerleptinemia and attenuate the progression of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these effects disappeared in leptin deficient ob/ob diabetic mice and STZ-induced insulin deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Destruction of either these hormones would abolish the therapeutic effects of APF. In addition, APF inhibited the protein expression of PTP1B suppressing insulin–leptin sensitivity, the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, and the adipogenic gene FAS. Therefore, insulin–leptin sensitivity was normalized, and the gluconeogenic and adipogenic genes were suppressed. In conclusion, APF attenuated obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM by regulating the balance of adipoinsular axis in STZ + HFD induced T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixian Ye
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Dou
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianglu Rong,
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14
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Todini L, Malfatti A, Mughetti L, Acuti G, Barbato O, Beghelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Blood thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin, metabolites and enzymes in transition dairy ewes, as affected by dietary linseed and physiological stage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:47-56. [PMID: 35863140 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary linseed and physiological state on blood concentrations of some metabolic hormones and indicators, in transition dairy ewes. From 21 d before lambing to 60 d post-partum, ewes were provided with one of three isoenergetic and iso‑nitrogenous pelleted concentrates, without (CTR, n = 21), or with 100 (EL-10, n = 22) or 200 g/kg (EL-20, n = 22) of extruded linseed. Animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum and had access to mixed pasture. Plasma thyroid hormones and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet and significantly changed by time. The last week of pregnancy T3 (2.27 ± 0.15 ng/mL) and T4 (102.63 ± 2.85 ng/mL) were lower than at 4 weeks before lambing (T3: 3.27 ± 0.27 ng/mL; T4: 125.89 ± 2.63 ng/mL). After lambing, T3 rose to be highest at 4 and 8 weeks of lactation (3.41 ± 0.22). Mean insulin peaked 2 weeks after lambing (0.31 ± 0.02 ng/mL) vs. late pregnancy (0.22 ± 0.01 ng/mL) and progressing lactation (0.18 ± 0.01 ng/mL). Plasma Leptin concentration (2.43 ± 0.03 ng/mL) was not affected by diet nor time. All the blood metabolites and enzymes investigated showed significant time x treatment interaction. Differences of several haematological parameters were found in EL vs. CTR (cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, bilirubin, ALP, ALT), however, in most cases the values were fairly within the reference physiological ranges. Metabolic hormones are confirmed to be mainly linked to the different physiological states, energy intake and variations of energy balance, without clear effects by different sources of energy and quality of dietary lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Malfatti
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Laura Mughetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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15
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New Insights into Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116279. [PMID: 35682958 PMCID: PMC9181219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder of pregnancy and has considerable short- and long-term consequences for the health of both the mother and the newborn. Within its pathophysiology, genetic, nutritional, epigenetic, immunological, and hormonal components have been described. Within the last two items, it is known that different hormones and cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, known collectively as adipokines, are involved in the metabolic alterations underlying GDM. Although the maternal circulating profile of adipokines in GDM has been extensively studied, and there are excellent reviews on the subject, it is in recent years that more progress has been made in the study of their expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), placenta, and their concentrations in the umbilical circulation. Thus, this review compiles and organizes the most recent findings on the maternal and umbilical circulating profile and the levels of expression of adipokines in VAT, SAT, and placenta in GDM.
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16
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Haas SS, Myoraku A, Watson K, Robakis T, Frangou S, Abbasi F, Rasgon N. Lower functional hippocampal connectivity in healthy adults is jointly associated with higher levels of leptin and insulin resistance. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e29. [PMID: 35492025 PMCID: PMC9158395 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic dysregulation is currently considered a major risk factor for hippocampal pathology. The aim of the present study was to characterize the influence of key metabolic drivers on functional connectivity of the hippocampus in healthy adults. Methods Insulin resistance was directly quantified by measuring steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test and fasting levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, and cortisol, and measurements of body mass index and waist circumference were obtained in a sample of healthy cognitively intact adults (n = 104). Resting-state neuroimaging data were also acquired for the quantification of hippocampal functional cohesiveness and integration with the major resting-state networks (RSNs). Data-driven analysis using unsupervised machine learning (k-means clustering) was then employed to identify clusters of individuals based on their metabolic and functional connectivity profiles. Results K-means clustering identified two clusters of increasing metabolic deviance evidenced by cluster differences in the plasma levels of leptin (40.36 (29.97) vs. 27.59 (25.58) μg/L) and the degree of insulin resistance (SSPG concentration: 161.63 (65.27) vs. 125.72 (66.81) mg/dL). Individuals in the cluster with higher metabolic deviance showed lower functional cohesiveness within each hippocampus and lower integration of posterior and anterior components of the left and right hippocampus with the major RSNs. The two clusters did not differ in general intellectual ability or episodic memory. Conclusions We identified two clusters of individuals differentiated by abnormalities in insulin resistance, leptin levels, and hippocampal connectivity, with one of the clusters showing greater deviance. These findings support the link between metabolic dysregulation and hippocampal function even in nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Myoraku
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Thalia Robakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine
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17
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Progressive brown adipocyte dysfunction: whitening and impaired nonshivering thermogenesis as long-term obesity complications. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:109002. [PMID: 35346828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obesity damages the cytoarchitecture of brown adipose tissue (BAT), leading to whitening of brown adipocytes and impaired thermogenesis, characterizing BAT dysfunction. Understanding the pathways of whitening progression can bring new targets to counter obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic effect (12, 16, and 20 weeks) of a high-fat diet (50% energy as fat) upon energy expenditure, thermogenic markers, and pathways involved in BAT whitening in C57BL/6J mice. Sixty adult male mice comprised six nutritional groups, where the letters refer to the diet type (control, C or high-fat, HF), and the numbers refer to the period (in weeks) of diet administration: C12, HF12, C16, HF16, C20, and HF20. After sacrifice, biochemical, molecular, and stereological analyses addressed the outcomes. The HF groups had overweight, oral glucose intolerance, and hyperleptinemia, resulting in progressive whitening of BAT and decreased numerical density of nuclei per area of tissue compared to age-matched control groups. In addition, the whitening maximization was related to altered batokines gene expression, decreased nonshivering thermogenesis, and body temperature, resulting in low energy expenditure. The HF20 group showed enlarged adipocytes with stable and dysfunctional lipid droplets, followed by inflammation and ER stress. In conclusion, chronic HF diet intake caused time-dependent maximization of whitening with defective nonshivering thermogenesis. Long-term BAT dysfunction includes down-regulated vascularization markers, upregulated inflammasome activation, and ER stress markers.
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18
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Miklankova D, Markova I, Hüttl M, Stankova B, Malinska H. The Different Insulin-Sensitising and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Palmitoleic Acid and Oleic Acid in a Prediabetes Model. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:4587907. [PMID: 36147256 PMCID: PMC9489414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4587907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are understood to have therapeutic and preventive effects on chronic complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there are differences between individual MUFAs. Although the effects of palmitoleic acid (POA) are still debated, POA can regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and cytokine production, thus improving metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated and compared the metabolic effects of POA and oleic acid (OA) supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a prediabetic model, the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat (HHTg). HHTg rats exhibiting genetically determined hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance were fed a standard diet. POA and OA were each administered intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt. for four weeks. RESULTS Supplementation with both MUFAs significantly elevated insulin and glucagon levels, but only POA decreased nonfasting glucose. POA-treated rats showed elevated circulating NEFA associated with increased lipolysis, lipoprotein lipase gene expression, and fatty acid reesterification in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The mechanism of improved insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues (measured as insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and glycogenesis) in POA-treated HHTg rats could contribute increased circulating adiponectin and omentin levels together with elevated FADS1 gene expression in VAT. POA-supplemented rats exhibited markedly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production by VAT, which can alleviate chronic inflammation. OA-supplemented rats exhibited decreased arachidonic acid (AA) profiles and decreased proinflammatory AA-derived metabolites (20-HETE) in membrane phospholipids of peripheral tissues. Slightly increased FADS1 gene expression after OA along with increased adiponectin production by VAT was reflected in slightly ameliorated adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that POA served as a lipokine, ameliorating insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue and markedly modulating the metabolic activity of VAT including cytokine secretion. OA had a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and improved inflammation by modulating AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Miklankova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Markova
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stankova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Frangou S, Abbasi F, Watson K, Haas SS, Antoniades M, Modabbernia A, Myoraku A, Robakis T, Rasgon N. Hippocampal volume reduction is associated with direct measure of insulin resistance in adults. Neurosci Res 2022; 174:19-24. [PMID: 34352294 PMCID: PMC9164143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal integrity is highly susceptible to metabolic dysfunction, yet its mechanisms are not well defined. We studied 126 healthy individuals aged 23-61 years. Insulin resistance (IR) was quantified by measuring steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test. Body mass index (BMI), adiposity, fasting insulin, glucose, leptin as well as structural neuroimaing with automatic hippocampal subfield segmentation were performed. Data analysis using unsupervised machine learning (k-means clustering) identified two subgroups reflecting a pattern of more pronounced hippocampal volume reduction being concurrently associated with greater adiposity and insulin resistance; the hippocampal volume reductions were uniform across subfields. Individuals in the most deviant subgroup were predominantly women (79 versus 42 %) with higher BMI [27.9 (2.5) versus 30.5 (4.6) kg/m2], IR (SSPG concentration, [156 (61) versus 123 (70) mg/dL] and leptinemia [21.7 (17.0) versus 44.5 (30.4) μg/L]. The use of person-based modeling in healthy individuals suggests that adiposity, insulin resistance and compromised structural hippocampal integrity behave as a composite phenotype; female sex emerged as risk factor for this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., (S. Frangou), (N. Rasgon)
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katie Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shalaila S. Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison Myoraku
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Thalia Robakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA,Corresponding author at: 401 Quarry Road, MC 5723, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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20
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Al-Harithy RN, Alomari AS. Expression of leptin mRNA as non-invasive biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14844. [PMID: 34519143 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin, an adipocyte-derived signalling molecule that plays important role in the regulation of energy balance, body weight and glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE To evaluate leptin mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS To detect the expression patterns of leptin mRNA, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on samples collected from 71 T2DM patients and 32 non-diabetic controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was utilised to assess the discriminatory power of leptin mRNA. RESULTS Leptin mRNA levels were reduced significantly in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls (P ≤ .0001). The ROC curve analysis showed a significant association between leptin mRNA levels and T2DM (P ≤ .0001), with a high area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89-0.98). The analysis also showed that fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin had high AUC values of 0.88 and 0.97 with (95% CI: 0.80-0.93 and 0.92-0.99), respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows that the reduced leptin mRNA expression level is significantly associated with T2DM and could be used as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amani S Alomari
- Department of Biochemistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Nguyen NN, Singh RG, Petrov MS. Association between Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition and the Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio in the Fasted and Postprandial States. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 78:14-20. [PMID: 34710871 DOI: 10.1159/000520068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of excess intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is increasingly appreciated. Leptin and ghrelin are key players in the regulation of food intake, energy balance, and body fat mass. The aim was to investigate the associations of the leptin/ghrelin ratio and its components with IPFD. METHODS All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T scanner to quantify IPFD. Both fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for leptin and acylated ghrelin. Linear regression analysis was conducted, accounting for visceral/subcutaneous fat volume ratio, glycated hemoglobin, and other covariates. RESULTS A total of 94 participants (32 women) with a median age of 56 (interquartile range 44-66) years were studied. Their median IPFD was 9.6% (interquartile range 8.8-10.4%). In the fasted state, the leptin/ghrelin ratio (β = 0.354; 95% confidence interval 0.044-0.663; p = 0.025, in the most adjusted model) and leptin (β = 0.040; 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.078; p = 0.035, in the most adjusted model) were significantly associated with IPFD. Ghrelin in the fasted state was not significantly associated with IPFD. In the postprandial state, the leptin/ghrelin ratio, leptin, and ghrelin were not significantly associated with IPFD. CONCLUSION Fasting circulating levels of leptin are directly associated with IPFD. Purposely designed mechanistic studies are warranted to determine how high leptin may contribute to excess IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc N Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruma G Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Cheema AS, Stinson LF, Rea A, Lai CT, Payne MS, Murray K, Geddes DT, Gridneva Z. Human Milk Lactose, Insulin, and Glucose Relative to Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113724. [PMID: 34835980 PMCID: PMC8625960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) components may influence infant growth and development. This study aimed to investigate relationships between infant body composition (BC) and HM lactose, insulin, and glucose (concentrations and calculated daily intakes (CDI)) as well as 24-h milk intake and maternal BC at 3 months postpartum. HM samples were collected at 2 months postpartum. Infant and maternal BC was assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis used linear regression accounting for infant birth weight. 24-h milk intake and CDI of lactose were positively associated with infant anthropometry, lean body mass and adiposity. Higher maternal BC measures were associated with lower infant anthropometry, z-scores, lean body mass, and adiposity. Maternal characteristics including BC and age were associated with concentrations and CDI of HM components, and 24-h milk intake. In conclusion, 24-h intake of HM and lactose as well as maternal adiposity are related to development of infant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Cheema
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Alethea Rea
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Matthew S. Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (D.T.G.)
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (A.S.C.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (D.T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-6488-4467
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Ashraf R, Khan MS, Bhat MH, Shabir I, Rashid S, Majid S. Leptins: association and clinical correlation in pre-diabetics. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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Chleilat F, Schick A, Deleemans JM, Ma K, Alukic E, Wong J, Noye Tuplin EW, Nettleton JE, Reimer RA. Paternal high protein diet modulates body composition, insulin sensitivity, epigenetics, and gut microbiota intergenerationally in rats. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21847. [PMID: 34405464 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100198rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that paternal diet programs offspring metabolism. However, the contribution of a pre-conception paternal high protein (HP) diet to offspring metabolism, gut microbiota, and epigenetic changes remains unclear. Here we show that paternal HP intake in Sprague Dawley rats programs protective metabolic outcomes in offspring. Compared to paternal high fat/sucrose (HF/S), HP diet improved body composition and insulin sensitivity and improved circulating satiety hormones and cecal short-chain fatty acids compared to HF/S and control diet (P < .05). Further, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess gut microbial composition, we observed increased alpha diversity, distinct bacterial clustering, and increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Marvinbryantia in HP fathers and/or male and female adult offspring. At the epigenetic level, DNMT1and 3b expression was altered intergenerationally. Our study identifies paternal HP diet as a modulator of gut microbial composition, epigenetic markers, and metabolic function intergenerationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julie M Deleemans
- Division of Medical Science and Psychosocial Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle Ma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jolene Wong
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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25
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Appetite problem in cancer patients: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100336. [PMID: 33607591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to review the current evidence regarding appetite problem in cancer patients, mainly focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. INTRODUCTION Anorexia is the common symptom of malnutrition in cancer patients. Recently, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of the appetite problem in cancer patients has been increasing that give impact to rigorous research to find the therapies for improving appetite in cancer patients. DISCUSSION The development of anorexia in cancer patients is a complex process that involves many cytokines, receptors, chemical mediators/substances, hormones, and peptides. Growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and toll-like receptor (TLR-4) have recently been found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia. To help diagnose the appetite problem in cancer patients, several questionnaires can be used, starting from well-known questionnaires such as Functional Assessment of Anorexia Cachexia Therapy (FAACT), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ30). Several drugs with different mechanisms of action have been studied to help in improving appetite in cancer patients. New repurposed agents such as anamorelin, mirtazapine, thalidomide, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have shown a beneficial effect in improving appetite and quality of life in cancer patients, however more phase 3 clinical trial studies is still needed. CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of appetite problems in cancer patients is a complex process that involves many factors. Several drugs that target those factors have been studied, however more phase 3 clinical trial studies are needed to confirm the findings from previous studies.
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26
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Barajas-Martínez A, Ibarra-Coronado E, Sierra-Vargas MP, Cruz-Bautista I, Almeda-Valdes P, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Fossion R, Stephens CR, Vargas-Domínguez C, Atzatzi-Aguilar OG, Debray-García Y, García-Torrentera R, Bobadilla K, Naranjo Meneses MA, Mena Orozco DA, Lam-Chung CE, Martínez Garcés V, Lecona OA, Marín-García AO, Frank A, Rivera AL. Physiological Network From Anthropometric and Blood Test Biomarkers. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612598. [PMID: 33510648 PMCID: PMC7835885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, research in physiology focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of living organisms. Reductionist strategies are used to decompose systems into their components and to measure changes of physiological variables between experimental conditions. However, how these isolated physiological variables translate into the emergence -and collapse- of biological functions of the organism as a whole is often a less tractable question. To generate a useful representation of physiology as a system, known and unknown interactions between heterogeneous physiological components must be taken into account. In this work we use a Complex Inference Networks approach to build physiological networks from biomarkers. We employ two unrelated databases to generate Spearman correlation matrices of 81 and 54 physiological variables, respectively, including endocrine, mechanic, biochemical, anthropometric, physiological, and cellular variables. From these correlation matrices we generated physiological networks by selecting a p-value threshold indicating statistically significant links. We compared the networks from both samples to show which features are robust and representative for physiology in health. We found that although network topology is sensitive to the p-value threshold, an optimal value may be defined by combining criteria of stability of topological features and network connectedness. Unsupervised community detection algorithms allowed to obtain functional clusters that correlate well with current medical knowledge. Finally, we describe the topology of the physiological networks, which lie between random and ordered structural features, and may reflect system robustness and adaptability. Modularity of physiological networks allows to explore functional clusters that are consistent even when considering different physiological variables. Altogether Complex Inference Networks from biomarkers provide an efficient implementation of a systems biology approach that is visually understandable and robust. We hypothesize that physiological networks allow to translate concepts such as homeostasis into quantifiable properties of biological systems useful for determination and quantification of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barajas-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Sierra-Vargas
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paloma Almeda-Valdes
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christopher R Stephens
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Vargas-Domínguez
- Departamento de Investigación en Inmunología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Gamaliel Atzatzi-Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigación en Inmunología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Debray-García
- Departamento de Investigación en Inmunología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio García-Torrentera
- Unidad de Urgencias Respiratorias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen Bobadilla
- Departamento de Investigación en Inmunología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Augusta Naranjo Meneses
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dulce Abril Mena Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - César Ernesto Lam-Chung
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vania Martínez Garcés
- Programa de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio A Lecona
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arlex O Marín-García
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Frank
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,El Colegio Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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27
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Cochrane VA, Wu Y, Yang Z, ElSheikh A, Dunford J, Kievit P, Fortin DA, Shyng SL. Leptin modulates pancreatic β-cell membrane potential through Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17281-17297. [PMID: 33037073 PMCID: PMC7863909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin increases trafficking of KATP and Kv2.1 channels to the pancreatic β-cell surface, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and suppression of insulin secretion. We have previously shown that this effect of leptin is mediated by the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDARs). It does so by potentiating NMDAR activity, thus enhancing Ca2+ influx and the ensuing downstream signaling events that drive channel trafficking to the cell surface. However, the molecular mechanism by which leptin potentiates NMDARs in β-cells remains unknown. Here, we report that leptin augments NMDAR function via Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the GluN2A subunit. Leptin-induced membrane hyperpolarization diminished upon pharmacological inhibition of GluN2A but not GluN2B, indicating involvement of GluN2A-containing NMDARs. GluN2A harbors tyrosine residues that, when phosphorylated by Src family kinases, potentiate NMDAR activity. We found that leptin increases phosphorylation of Tyr-418 in Src, an indicator of kinase activation. Pharmacological inhibition of Src or overexpression of a kinase-dead Src mutant prevented the effect of leptin, whereas a Src kinase activator peptide mimicked it. Using mutant GluN2A overexpression, we show that Tyr-1292 and Tyr-1387 but not Tyr-1325 are responsible for the effect of leptin. Importantly, β-cells from db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes mouse model lacking functional leptin receptors, or from obese diabetic human donors failed to respond to leptin but hyperpolarized in response to NMDA. Our study reveals a signaling pathway wherein leptin modulates NMDARs via Src to regulate β-cell excitability and suggests NMDARs as a potential target to overcome leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Cochrane
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Assmaa ElSheikh
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jeremy Dunford
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Dale A Fortin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA.
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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28
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Unraveling the Role of Leptin in Liver Function and Its Relationship with Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249368. [PMID: 33316927 PMCID: PMC7764544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery twenty-five years ago, the fat-derived hormone leptin has provided a revolutionary framework for studying the physiological role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on many metabolic pathways and is tightly connected with the liver, the major player in systemic metabolism. As a consequence, understanding the metabolic and hormonal interplay between the liver and adipose tissue could provide us with new therapeutic targets for some chronic liver diseases, an increasing problem worldwide. In this review, we assess relevant literature regarding the main metabolic effects of leptin on the liver, by direct regulation or through the central nervous system (CNS). We draw special attention to the contribution of leptin to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and its progression to more advanced stages of the disease as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Likewise, we describe the contribution of leptin to the liver regeneration process after partial hepatectomy, the mainstay of treatment for certain hepatic malignant tumors.
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29
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Chen W, Han Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Li W, Yao Y, Zhu T. Associations between changes in adipokines and exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter in ambient air in Beijing residents with and without pre-diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001215. [PMID: 33361362 PMCID: PMC7768822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor to diabetes, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Adipokines play important roles in glucose metabolism. This study examined the associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM and adipokine levels and evaluated whether metabolic disorders could enhance susceptibility to PM-induced health effects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a panel study (SCOPE, Study Comparing the Cardiometabolic and Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution Exposure on Healthy and Pre-diabetic Individuals) in Beijing, China, 60 pre-diabetic individuals and 60 healthy controls completed two to seven clinical visits. The associations between serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels and the moving average (MA) mass concentration of PM2.5 and number concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) and accumulation-mode particles (AMP) during the 1-14 days prior to clinical visits, and the effects of metabolic disorders on any such associations, were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS Short-term exposure to ambient UFP and AMP was inversely associated with adipokine levels at 1-14 days prior to clinical visits. For example, each IQR increment in 1 day MA UFP exposure (6.0×103/cm3) was associated with -14.0% (95% CI -20.9%, -6.4%), -6.6% (95% CI -12.4%, -0.4%), and -8.5% (95% CI -14.5%, -2.2%) changes in adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels, respectively. There was no significant association between adipokine levels and PM2.5 exposure. UFP and AMP exposure was associated with a greater decrease in adiponectin level and a weaker change in leptin level among participants with high insulin resistance levels. Glucose status did not modify PM-induced changes in adipokine levels. CONCLUSION High level of insulin resistance could aggravate the adverse metabolic impact of exposure to UFP and AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Center for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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30
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Merigo F, Brandolese A, Facchin S, Boschi F, Di Chio M, Savarino E, D'Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Sbarbati A. Immunolocalization of leptin and leptin receptor in colorectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and control subjects with no inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1103-1122. [PMID: 33159578 PMCID: PMC7960629 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The expression of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) has been partially elucidated in colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), even though leptin is involved in angiogenesis and inflammation. We previously reported overexpression of GLUT5 fructose transporter, in aberrant clusters of lymphatic vessels in lamina propria of IBD and controls. Here, we examine leptin and Ob-R expression in the same biopsies. Specimens were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and controls who underwent screening for colorectal cancer, follow-up after polypectomy or with a history of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Immunohistochemistry revealed leptin in apical and basolateral membranes of short epithelial portions, Ob-R on the apical pole of epithelial cells. Leptin and Ob-R were also identified in structures and cells scattered in the lamina propria. In UC, a significant correlation between leptin and Ob-R in the lamina propria was found in all inflamed samples, beyond non-inflamed samples of the proximal tract, while in CD, it was found in inflamed distal samples. Most of the leptin and Ob-R positive areas in the lamina propria were also GLUT5 immunoreactive in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa. A significant correlation of leptin or Ob-R expression with GLUT5 was observed in the inflamed distal samples from UC. Our findings suggest that there are different sites of leptin and Ob-R expression in large intestine and those in lamina propria do not reflect the status of mucosal inflammation. The co-localization of leptin and/or Ob-R with GLUT5 may indicate concomitance effects in colorectal lamina propria areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Merigo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Brandolese
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Chio
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Section, University Hospital of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Chang ML, Yang Z, Yang SS. Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8308. [PMID: 33167521 PMCID: PMC7663948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Zinger Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sien-Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
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32
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Lis M, Stańczykiewicz B, Liśkiewicz P, Misiak B. Impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia: A narrative review dissecting intrinsic mechanisms and the effects of antipsychotics. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104744. [PMID: 32534330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the main contributor of reduced life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia. It is now widely accepted that antipsychotic treatment plays an important role in the development of obesity and its consequences. However, some intrinsic mechanisms need to be taken into consideration. One of these mechanisms might be related to impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in this group of patients. In this narrative review, we aimed to dissect impairments of appetite-regulating hormones attributable to intrinsic mechanisms and those related to medication effects. Early hormonal alterations that might be associated with intrinsic mechanisms include low levels of leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) together with elevated insulin levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. However, evidence regarding low GLP-1 levels in FEP patients is based on one large study. In turn, multiple-episode schizophrenia patients show elevated levels of insulin, leptin and orexin A together with decreased levels of adiponectin. In addition, patients receiving olanzapine may present with low ghrelin levels. Post mortem studies have also demonstrated reduced number of neuropeptide Y neurons in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Treatment with certain second-generation antipsychotics may also point to these alterations. Although our understanding of hormonal regulation of appetite in schizophrenia has largely been improved, several limitations and directions for future studies need to be addressed. This is of particular importance since several novel pharmacological interventions for obesity and diabetes have already been developed and translation of these developments to the treatment of cardiometabolic comorbidities in schizophrenia patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lis
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Liśkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Carapeto PV, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Effects of Y1 receptor agonist on the pancreatic islet of diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107669. [PMID: 32646628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Agonists of the NPY receptor might be potential in protecting pancreatic islets from injury. We aimed to characterize the role of [Leu31, Pro34]-PYY, an NPYR1 agonist, in pancreatic islets of a diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance model. METHODS We studied long-term high-fat diet intake as a model and selective agonist of the Y1 receptor to explore the pancreatic islet architecture and stereology, and insulin secretion in isolated islets and a whole animal model. Gene and protein expressions were assessed in isolated islets investigating the signaling cascades involved in inflammation, insulin signaling, and secretion. Also, the insulin release potential was studied in vitro. RESULTS Our data reveal that an infusion of NPYR1 for 14 days did not change the body mass of mice and eating behavior. NPYR1 did not modify the islet and beta-cell mass but positively impacted the inflammatory process by lowering the expressions of Tnf alpha and If gamma. Besides, NPYR1 restored the insulin signaling and the exocytose pattern by activating the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and improving the leptin signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS The findings are compellingly indicating the potential effect of the NPYR1 as a target for improving the insulin resistance condition. As such, the infusion of the NPYR1 agonist would help to enhance insulin secretion by the beta-cell from the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and the improvement of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Viana Carapeto
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The association of anthropometric parameters with markers of insulin and leptin secretion and resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the association between anthropometric parameters and markers of insulin and leptin secretion/resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Material and methods: This post-hoc data analysis from a cross-sectional study included 176 T2DM patients. Laboratory tests (serum leptin, soluble form of leptin receptor (sObR), C peptide, glycemic and lipid parameters) and anthropometric parameters were obtained, adiposity indexes (including body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI)), indicators of insulin resistance, β-cell function, and leptin resistance (Free Leptin Index, FLI) were calculated.
Results: The body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, VAI and leptin correlated independently with HOMA-IR, while BMI, diabetes duration and HbA1c with HOMA-B. The total body fat mass (TBFM), C peptide, diabetes duration, BMI and BAI correlated with leptin concentrations, while the first three with FLI. VAI was an indicator of insulin resistance (β=0.166, p=0.003), while BAI of leptin secretion (β=0.260, p=0.010). TBFM strongly associated with leptin resistance and secretion (β=0.037, r=0.688, p<0.0001, and β=0.521, r=0.667, p<0.0001), and BMI correlated weakly with insulin secretion and resistance. While insulin and leptin secretion increased progressively with BMI, leptin and insulin resistance became significant only in case of obesity. The sObR was significantly associated with C peptide concentrations (β=-0.032; p=0.044), but not with HOMA-B or -IR. A strong positive correlation between the C peptide/leptin ratio and non-fat mass /TBFM ratio was noted (r=0.62 [0.52, 0.71], p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Parameters of peripheral adiposity correlated better with markers of leptin system, and those of visceral adiposity with markers of insulin secretion/resistance. The sObR correlated independently and negatively with C peptide.
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Intestinal and Central Nervous System Morphology in an Obese Animal Model ( Danio rerio) Treated with 3,5-T2: A Possible Farm Management Practice? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071131. [PMID: 32635261 PMCID: PMC7401507 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The obesity induced by overconsumption of nutrients leads to systemic inflammation and alters metabolic homeostasis by acting on central nervous system and peripheral tissues such as intestine. The 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is well-known for its positive role on fat mass and lipid metabolism, and at date, it is widely used as a drug for the treatment of obesity. However, the safe and effective dose as well as the possible adverse effects of this molecule have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we analyzed the role of 3,5-T2 in regulating central and peripheral inflammation in diet-induced obese (D.I.O.) model of zebrafish. We found that 3,5-T2 sustained the intestinal alteration caused by D.I.O., as indicated by the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by a significant effect of 3,5-T2 on body weight and central inflammation in D.I.O. zebrafish. Therefore, the suggested potential use of 3,5-T2 to contrast obesity should be viewed with caution. We conclude that the zebrafish model can help to better understand the fundamental beneficial and side effects of 3,5-T2, which is of great importance to define the possible use of this metabolite of thyroid hormones as a drug in different diseases including obesity. Abstract The 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, whose administration to rodents fed high-fat diet (HFD) prevents body weight increase and reverts the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors associated to HFD. The diet-induced obese (D.I.O.) zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been recently used as an experimental model to investigate fundamental processes underlying central and peripheral obesity-driven inflammation. Herein, we aim to understand the role of 3,5-T2 in regulating central and peripheral inflammation in D.I.O. model of zebrafish. 3,5-T2 (10 nM and 100 nM) was administered with the obesity-inducing diet (D.I.O. with 3,5-T2) or after 4 weeks of obesity-inducing diet (D.I.O. flw 3,5-T2). 3,5-T2 significantly increased the body weight and serum triglyceride levels in D.I.O. zebrafish in both conditions. Moreover, 3,5-T2 sustained or increased inflammation in the anterior (AI) and mid (MI) intestine when administered with the obesity-inducing diet, as indicated by the immunoexpression of the inflammatory markers tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNFα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), calnexin, caspase 3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). On the contrary, when 3,5-T2 was administered after the obesity-inducing diet, partly reverted the intestinal alteration induced by D.I.O. In addition, brain inflammation, as indicated by the increase in the activation of microglia, was detected in D.I.O. zebrafish and D.I.O. treated with 3,5-T2. These findings reveal that the effects of 3,5-T2 on fish intestine and brain can deviate from those shown in obese mammals, opening new avenues to the investigation of the potential impact of this thyroid metabolite in different diseases including obesity.
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Košuta I, Mrzljak A, Kolarić B, Vučić Lovrenčić M. Leptin as a Key Player in Insulin Resistance of Liver Cirrhosis? A Cross-Sectional Study in Liver Transplant Candidates. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E560. [PMID: 32092909 PMCID: PMC7073684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of death and liver transplantation in the cirrhotic population, independent of disease aetiology. However, factors accounting for insulin resistance in the context of cirrhosis are incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between adiponectin and leptin with insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients and to assess the influence of disease severity on insulin resistance and metabolic status. This cross-sectional study included 126 non-diabetic cirrhotic transplant candidates. The homeostasis model assessment 2 model was used to determine the insulin resistance index, and fasting adiponectin, leptin, insulin, c-peptide, glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profiles were analysed. Insulin resistance was detected in 83% of subjects and associated with increased leptin, fasting plasma glucose and body mass index, and lower triglyceride levels. Logistic regression analysis identified leptin and triglycerides as independent predictors of insulin resistance (OR 1.247, 95% CI 1.076-1.447, p = 0.003; OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.137-0.917, p = 0.032.). Leptin levels remained unchanged, whereas adiponectin levels increased (p < 0.001) with disease progression, and inversely correlated with HbA1c (ρ = -0.349, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that leptin resistance, as indicated by elevated leptin levels, can be regarded as a contributing factor to insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients, whereas triglycerides elicited a weak protective effect. Progressively increasing adiponectin levels elicited a positive effect on glucose homeostasis, but not insulin sensitivity across disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Košuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Merkur University Hospital, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Merkur University Hospital, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Kolarić
- Department of Epidemiology, Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska cesta 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Ul. Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marijana Vučić Lovrenčić
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Hassell Sweatman CZW. Mathematical model of diabetes and lipid metabolism linked to diet, leptin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity and VLDLTG clearance predicts paths to health and type II diabetes. J Theor Biol 2020; 486:110037. [PMID: 31626814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An original model of diabetes linked to carbohydrate and lipid intake is presented and applied to predict the effects on biomarkers of various diets. The variables (biomarkers) are concentrations of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDLTG), as well as muscle lipids, hepatic lipids, pancreatic lipids, fat mass and mass of β-cells. The model predicts isocaloric high carbohydrate low fat (HCLF) diet and low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diet trajectories to health which vary in fat mass by at most a few kilograms at steady state. The LCHF trajectories to health are faster than isocaloric HCLF trajectories with respect to fat mass loss, although these trajectories may be slower initially if parameters are adjusting from HCLF values. On LC diets, leptin sensitivity and VLDLTG clearance are thought to increase. Increasing leptin sensitivity and VLDLTG clearance is predicted to lower lipids including fat mass and VLDLTG. The model predicts that changes in VLDLTG due to a change in diet happen rapidly, approaching steady state values after a few weeks, reflecting leptin sensitivity and VLDLTG clearance which are much harder to measure. The model predicts that if only insulin sensitivity increases on a LC diet, steady state fat mass would increase slightly. If leptin and insulin sensitivities increase concurrently, the combined effect could be a decrease in fat mass, consistent with the fact that increasing insulin sensitivity is often associated with fat mass loss in trials. The model predicts trajectories to fat type II diabetes with hypertriglyceridemia due to high carbohydrate moderate fat diets, on which insulin rises before falling, as ectopic fat deposits increase; made fatter and more diabetic by higher lipid consumption. It predicts trajectories to non-diabetic states with raised fat mass, VLDLTG and muscle, hepatic and pancreatic lipids due to moderate carbohydrate high fat diets. The model predicts paths to lean type II diabetes, on a diet of moderate energy but low β-cell replication rate or high death rate.
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Lis M, Stańczykiewicz B, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Samochowiec A, Reginia A, Misiak B. Assessment of Appetite-Regulating Hormones Provides Further Evidence of Altered Adipoinsular Axis in Early Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:480. [PMID: 32547431 PMCID: PMC7273873 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been found that antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) present with impaired hormonal regulation of appetite in terms of low leptin and high insulin levels (the adipoinsular axis). These findings imply that certain intrinsic mechanisms might play a role in the development of metabolic dysregulation in early psychosis. However, clinical correlates of this phenomenon remain unknown. Moreover, these alterations have not been tested in individuals at familial high risk of psychosis (FHR-P). In this study we aimed to assess the levels of adiponectin, insulin, leptin, glucose, total cholesterol, lipoproteins and triglycerides in FEP patients, unaffected offspring of schizophrenia patients (FHR-P individuals) and healthy controls (HCs) with respect to cognitive performance and psychopathological manifestation. Participants were 35 FEP patients, 33 FHR-P individuals, and 32 HCs. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The levels of leptin and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were significantly lower (leptin: 10.7 ± 15.7 vs. 12.6 ± 10.1, p = 0.046, and HDL: 48.0 ± 16.9 vs. 59.8 ± 17.5 mg/dl, p = 0.007), while the levels of triglycerides and insulin were significantly higher (triglycerides: 137.4 ± 58.8 vs. 77.5 ± 33.2 mg/dl, p < 0.001, and insulin: 15.2 ± 13.1 vs. 9.6 ± 5.0 µIU/ml, p = 0.023) in FEP patients compared to HCs. These differences were significant after controlling for the effects of potential confounding factors. No significant differences in the levels of serum markers between FHR-P individuals and HCs were found. There was a significant negative correlation between the level of leptin and the RBANS language score after covarying for potential confounding factors in FEP patients (B = -0.226, p = 0.006) but not in other subgroups of participants. Our findings confirm impairment of adipoinsular axis in early psychosis. However, results of our study do not support the hypothesis that familial liability to psychosis might be associated with metabolic dysregulation. Leptin levels might be associated with cognitive deficits in FEP patients. Longitudinal studies of individuals at risk of psychosis are needed to provide insights into causal mechanisms underlying our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lis
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, The Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lilla Pawlik-Sobecka
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Reginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Yang K, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen F, Shen M, Wang Y. Changes in Serum Nesfatin-1 After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy are Associated with Improvements in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1459-1464. [PMID: 32431529 PMCID: PMC7200260 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious and widespread disease worldwide. Bariatric surgery is one of the treatments for NAFLD. Nesfatin-1 is located in the brain, periphery and plasma. We studied the relationship between nesfatin-1 changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and NAFLD remission. METHODS A total of 29 patients participated in the study, which collected clinical information on the patients and indicators of liver function, hepatic steatosis score and nesfatin-1 level before and after LSG. RESULTS The average BMI of the patients before surgery was 42.63±8.91 kg/m2, and the average BMI was 28.54±5.63 kg/m2 one year after surgery (p < 0.05). One year after LSG, the total weight loss percentage (TWL%) was 32.11±7.10%. The mean value of nesfatin-1 before surgery was 3.04±0.81 ng/mL, and the mean value of nesfatin-1 was 5.52±1.55 ng/mL at one year after surgery (p < 0.05). The average preoperative hepatic steatosis index (HSI) score of the patients was 52.55±9.17, and the average postoperative HSI score was 38.84±5.82 (p < 0.05). Before LSG (p < 0.05, r= -0.81) and 1 year after surgery (p < 0.05, r = -0.58), HSI and nesfatin-1 were significantly negatively correlated. Percentage of increased nesfatin-1 and percentage of decreased HSI showed positive correlation after LSG. CONCLUSION There was a negative correlation between HSI and nesfatin-1 before and after LSG, which may suggest that nesfatin-1 plays a role in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yong Wang Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province110032, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618940259733 Email
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Singh RG, Nguyen NN, Cervantes A, Alarcon Ramos GC, Cho J, Petrov MS. Associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and circulating levels of cytokines. Cytokine 2019; 120:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reynolds CM, Vickers MH. The role of adipokines in developmental programming: evidence from animal models. J Endocrinol 2019. [DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the environment during critical periods of development, including altered maternal nutrition, can increase the risk for the development of a range of metabolic, cardiovascular and reproductive disorders in offspring in adult life. Following the original epidemiological observations of David Barker that linked perturbed fetal growth to adult disease, a wide range of experimental animal models have provided empirical support for the developmental programming hypothesis. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, adipose tissue has been highlighted as playing a key role in the development of many disorders that manifest in later life. In particular, adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, primarily secreted by adipose tissue, have now been shown to be important mediators of processes underpinning several phenotypic features associated with developmental programming including obesity, insulin sensitivity and reproductive disorders. Moreover, manipulation of adipokines in early life has provided for potential strategies to ameliorate or reverse the adverse sequalae that are associated with aberrant programming and provided insight into some of the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic disease across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Leptin-induced Trafficking of K ATP Channels: A Mechanism to Regulate Pancreatic β-cell Excitability and Insulin Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112660. [PMID: 31151172 PMCID: PMC6600549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte hormone leptin was first recognized for its actions in the central nervous system to regulate energy homeostasis but has since been shown to have direct actions on peripheral tissues. In pancreatic β-cells leptin suppresses insulin secretion by increasing KATP channel conductance, which causes membrane hyperpolarization and renders β-cells electrically silent. However, the mechanism by which leptin increases KATP channel conductance had remained unresolved for many years following the initial observation. Recent studies have revealed that leptin increases surface abundance of KATP channels by promoting channel trafficking to the β-cell membrane. Thus, KATP channel trafficking regulation has emerged as a mechanism by which leptin increases KATP channel conductance to regulate β-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion. This review will discuss the leptin signaling pathway that underlies KATP channel trafficking regulation in β-cells.
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Fasting blood glucose levels in patients with different types of diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:277-292. [PMID: 30905457 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal human physiology is dependent on a tight control of the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. The islets of pancreas maintains FBG levels within a narrow range of 4-6mmol/L by secreting various hormones, especially insulin and glucagon. However, the hormone secretions by the islets of pancreas are governed by a collective effort among pancreas-islet axis, brain-islet axis, liver-islet axis, gut-islet axis, and adipocyte/myocyte-islet axis. Furthermore, the damage of pancreas, vascular system, brain, liver, intestine, adipose, muscle, and other organs and tissues might affect FBG levels through insulin resistance or impaired insulin signaling, which is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In this study, 320,572 clinical lab test results of FBG levels from healthy individuals and patients with 64 different types of diseases during the past 5 years in our hospital were retrieved and analyzed. Based on the mean (SD), median, and p (-Log10p) values, we found 57/64 diseases including type 2 diabetes, pancreatitis, diabetic nephropathy, and pancreatic cancer had significantly (p<0.05, -Log10p>1.30) increased whereas 6/64 diseases including preeclampsia, Wilms' tumor, and lupus erythematous had significantly decreased FBG levels compared to that of healthy controls. These data indicated that the increased FBG levels might be a general pathophysiological property of diseased tissues or organs and the increased FBG levels might be a consequence but not the cause for either prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
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Desmoulins L, Chrétien C, Paccoud R, Collins S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Galinier A, Liénard F, Quinault A, Grall S, Allard C, Fenech C, Carneiro L, Mouillot T, Fournel A, Knauf C, Magnan C, Fioramonti X, Pénicaud L, Leloup C. Mitochondrial Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1) translocation in response to cerebral glucose is impaired in a rat model of early alteration in hypothalamic glucose sensing. Mol Metab 2019; 20:166-177. [PMID: 30553770 PMCID: PMC6358535 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic glucose sensing (HGS) initiates insulin secretion (IS) via a vagal control, participating in energy homeostasis. This requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) signaling, dependent on mitochondrial fission, as shown by invalidation of the hypothalamic DRP1 protein. Here, our objectives were to determine whether a model with a HGS defect induced by a short, high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) diet in rats affected the fission machinery and mROS signaling within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). METHODS Rats fed a HFHS diet for 3 weeks were compared with animals fed a normal chow. Both in vitro (calcium imaging) and in vivo (vagal nerve activity recordings) experiments to measure the electrical activity of isolated MBH gluco-sensitive neurons in response to increased glucose level were performed. In parallel, insulin secretion to a direct glucose stimulus in isolated islets vs. insulin secretion resulting from brain glucose stimulation was evaluated. Intra-carotid glucose load-induced hypothalamic DRP1 translocation to mitochondria and mROS (H2O2) production were assessed in both groups. Finally, compound C was intracerebroventricularly injected to block the proposed AMPK-inhibited DRP1 translocation in the MBH to reverse the phenotype of HFHS fed animals. RESULTS Rats fed a HFHS diet displayed a decreased HGS-induced IS. Responses of MBH neurons to glucose exhibited an alteration of their electrical activity, whereas glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated islets was not affected. These MBH defects correlated with a decreased ROS signaling and glucose-induced translocation of the fission protein DRP1, as the vagal activity was altered. AMPK-induced inhibition of DRP1 translocation increased in this model, but its reversal through the injection of the compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, failed to restore HGS-induced IS. CONCLUSIONS A hypothalamic alteration of DRP1-induced fission and mROS signaling in response to glucose was observed in HGS-induced IS of rats exposed to a 3 week HFHS diet. Early hypothalamic modifications of the neuronal activity could participate in a primary defect of the control of IS and ultimately, the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Desmoulins
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Chloé Chrétien
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Romain Paccoud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Stephan Collins
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Galinier
- STROMALab, UMR CNRS 5273, EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Aurore Quinault
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Sylvie Grall
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Camille Allard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Claire Fenech
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Lionel Carneiro
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France.
| | - Audren Fournel
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christophe Magnan
- CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; UMR 1286, NutriNeuro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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45
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Graus-Nunes F, Souza-Mello V. The renin-angiotensin system as a target to solve the riddle of endocrine pancreas homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:639-645. [PMID: 30404071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pancreas is linked to the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta cells and insulin sensitivity in target tissues, emerging as a promising tool in the prevention and/or treatment of obesity, diabetes, and systemic arterial hypertension. Insulin resistance alters pancreatic islet cell distribution and morphology and hypertrophied islets exhibit upregulated angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which drives oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis, configuring beta cell dysfunction and diminishing islet lifespan. Pharmacological modulation of RAS has shown beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity model, mainly related to the translational potential that angiotensin receptor blockers and ECA2/ANG (1-7)/MAS receptor axis modulation have when it comes to islet preservation and type 2 diabetes prevention and/or treatment. This review describes the existing evidence for different approaches to blocking RAS elements in the management of insulin resistance and diabetes and focuses on islet remodeling and GSIS in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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46
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Ameer B, Weintraub MA. Pediatric Obesity: Influence on Drug Dosing and Therapeutics. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58 Suppl 10:S94-S107. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ameer
- Department of Medicine; Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Michael A. Weintraub
- Department of Medicine; Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals; Philadelphia PA USA
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47
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Carnovali M, Luzi L, Terruzzi I, Banfi G, Mariotti M. Metabolic and bone effects of high-fat diet in adult zebrafish. Endocrine 2018; 61:317-326. [PMID: 29274064 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An increase of visceral fat affects human bone health causing fragility, mechanical strength reduction, and increased propensity to fractures because of impaired bone matrix microstructure and aberrant bone cell function. Adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) represents a powerful model to study both metabolic diseases and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to generate an obese adult zebrafish by high-fat diet and evaluate metabolic and bone tissue effects. Fish blood glucose and insulin levels were found to be altered in high-fat diet fish revealing a failure in β-cells insulin production. Blood analysis of adipokines revealed significant alterations in adiponectin and leptin levels that are common in human and other obesity animal models. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), derived from hyperglycemia condition, were found to be altered too. All these alterations were associated with an impaired bone metabolism. The scales of high-fat diet fish shown bone resorption lacunae associated with an intense osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased. These data suggest that an imbalance of fat metabolism alters energy metabolism generating an osteoporosis-like phenotype in adult zebrafish scales. The zebrafish obesity model can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms of metabolic changes in human obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livio Luzi
- Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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48
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Huang JP, Hsu SC, Meir YJJ, Hsieh PS, Chang CC, Chen KH, Chen JK, Hung LM. Role of dysfunctional adipocytes in cholesterol-induced nonobese metabolic syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:307-321. [PMID: 29581238 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the causes of obese metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the causes of nonobese MS (NMS) remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that inflamed dysfunctional adipose tissue plays a crucial role in cholesterol-induced NMS. Control (C), high cholesterol (HC) and HC with 10% fructose in drinking water (HCF) diets were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weights of the C- and HC-fed rats were comparable, but the weights of the HCF-fed rats were relatively low. Cholesterol caused metabolic problems such as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and hypoinsulinemia. The HCF-fed rats exhibited whole-body insulin resistance with low circulating high-density lipoprotein levels. Increases in the tumor necrosis factor α level in the plasma, the number of CD68+ macrophages and the free nuclear factor-κB level in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) resulted in local inflammation, which appeared as inflamed dysfunctional gWAT. Reduced superoxide dismutases (SODs) deteriorate natural antioxidant defense systems and induce reactive oxygen species in gWAT. Dysregulation of plasma levels of catecholamine, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in cholesterol-induced inflamed adipose tissue contributed to increased lipolysis and increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids. Cholesterol activated inflammation, lipolysis and cell death in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, Chol-3T3-CM reduced the population of M2-type Raw264.7 macrophages, indicating that the macrophage polarization is mediated by cholesterol. Together, our findings indicate that inflamed dysfunctional adipocytes are critical in NMS, supporting the development of anti-inflammatory agents as potential therapeutic drugs for treating NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Tissue EngineeringChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsNational Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical PathologyFar Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Kan Chen
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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49
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Srivastava S, Li Z, Soomro I, Sun Y, Wang J, Bao L, Coetzee WA, Stanley CA, Li C, Skolnik EY. Regulation of K ATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β-Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation. Diabetes 2018; 67:849-860. [PMID: 29440278 PMCID: PMC5909995 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein histidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT-1) is an evolutionarily conserved 14-kDa protein that dephosphorylates phosphohistidine. PHPT-1-/- mice were generated to gain insight into the role of PHPT-1 and histidine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in mammalian biology. PHPT-1-/- mice exhibited neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to impaired trafficking of KATP channels to the plasma membrane in pancreatic β-cells in response to low glucose and leptin and resembled patients with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). The defect in KATP channel trafficking in PHPT-1-/- β-cells was due to the failure of PHPT-1 to directly activate transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4), resulting in decreased Ca2+ influx and impaired downstream activation of AMPK. Thus, these studies demonstrate a critical role for PHPT-1 in normal pancreatic β-cell function and raise the possibility that mutations in PHPT-1 and/or TRPC4 may account for yet to be defined cases of CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Srivastava
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Zhai Li
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Irfana Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Sun
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jianhui Wang
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - William A Coetzee
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles A Stanley
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chonghong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward Y Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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50
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Chakraborty TR, Gomez V, Adhikari D, Chakraborty S. The Synergism in Hormonal and Cellular Changes in Male Mice on Long Term High Fat Exposure. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29533142 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1412276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hormonal changes that occur as a result of the long-term intake of a very-high-fat diet (VHFD) that leads to simultaneous changes in the islets of Langerhans and adipocyte cell size. METHODS Male mice were fed with a normal chow diet (ND, n = 15) and a VHFD (n = 30) for 2, 12, and 24 weeks. Body weight, food intake, caloric intake (fat [saturated and unsaturated], protein, and carbohydrate), hormone levels (leptin and insulin), and islet of Langerhans/adipocyte size were quantitatively recorded. RESULTS In VHFD-fed animals, body weight showed a significant percent increase within the first 12 weeks and then plateaued with time. VHFD-fed animals consumed significantly less food than ND at all time periods, indicating that it was the quality of food and not the quantity that caused this increase in body weight. Male mice on VHFD showed a significant increase in leptin and insulin levels, along with accompanying growth in islet and adipocyte size within the first 12 weeks, which plateaued as the mice aged. The increases in the islet and adipocyte size in VHFD-fed animals were similar to the analogous increases in hormonal levels (2 vs. 12 vs. 24 weeks). These results, therefore, suggest that in diet-induced obesity changes, shifts in hormonal levels works hand-in-hand with metabolic adjustments at the cellular level to combat the effect of fat. CONCLUSION Thus, mechanisms like hormonal resistance, changes in adiposity, islet size, and caloric intake with prolonged exposure to high fat are probably defensive mechanisms employed to protect against diabetes. In order to understand these complicated and nuanced effects of high fat and to comprehend the underlying mechanism associated with it, it is important to focus on long-term studies that emphasize the synergy between cellular and hormonal changes, in addition to an analysis of individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandra R Chakraborty
- a Department of Biology , Adelphi University , Garden City, New York , New York , USA
| | - Victoria Gomez
- a Department of Biology , Adelphi University , Garden City, New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- c Department of Biological Sciences , New York City College of Technology / CUNY , New York , New York , USA
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