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Bacigalupa ZA, Arner EN, Vlach LM, Wolf MM, Brown WA, Krystofiak ES, Ye X, Hongo RA, Landis M, Amason EK, Beckermann KE, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC. HIF-2α expression and metabolic signaling require ACSS2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e164249. [PMID: 38941296 PMCID: PMC11178540 DOI: 10.1172/jci164249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive cancer driven by VHL loss and aberrant HIF-2α signaling. Identifying means to regulate HIF-2α thus has potential therapeutic benefit. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) converts acetate to acetyl-CoA and is associated with poor patient prognosis in ccRCC. Here we tested the effects of ACSS2 on HIF-2α and cancer cell metabolism and growth in ccRCC models and clinical samples. ACSS2 inhibition reduced HIF-2α levels and suppressed ccRCC cell line growth in vitro, in vivo, and in cultures of primary ccRCC patient tumors. This treatment reduced glycolytic signaling, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial integrity, all of which are consistent with loss of HIF-2α. Mechanistically, ACSS2 inhibition decreased chromatin accessibility and HIF-2α expression and stability. While HIF-2α protein levels are widely regulated through pVHL-dependent proteolytic degradation, we identify a potential pVHL-independent pathway of degradation via the E3 ligase MUL1. We show that MUL1 can directly interact with HIF-2α and that overexpression of MUL1 decreased HIF-2α levels in a manner partially dependent on ACSS2. These findings identify multiple mechanisms to regulate HIF-2α stability and ACSS2 inhibition as a strategy to complement HIF-2α-targeted therapies and deplete pathogenically stabilized HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Bacigalupa
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily N. Arner
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | - Evan S. Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | - Rachel A. Hongo
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | - Madelyn Landis
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | | | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Lomonosova A, Gognieva D, Suvorov A, Silantyev A, Abasheva A, Vasina Y, Abdullaev M, Nartova A, Eroshchenko N, Kazakova V, Komarov R, Dzyundzya A, Danilova E, Shchekochikhin D, Kopylov P. The Blood Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Atherosclerosis of the Brachiocephalic Arteries. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1279. [PMID: 38927486 PMCID: PMC11201046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. Frequently, it is caused by brachiocephalic artery (BCA) atherosclerosis. Timely detection of atherosclerosis and its unstable course can allow for a timely response to potentially dangerous changes and reduce the risk of vascular complications. Omics technologies allow us to identify new biomarkers that we can use in diagnosing diseases. This research included 90 blood plasma samples. The study group comprised 52 patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions BCA, and the control group comprised 38 patients with no BCA atherosclerosis. Targeted and panoramic lipidomic profiling of their blood plasma was carried out. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the values of the indices saturated fatty acids (FAs), unsaturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, omega-3, and omega-6. Based on the results on the blood plasma lipidome, we formed models that have a fairly good ability to determine atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries, as well as a model for identifying unstable atherosclerotic plaques. According only to the panoramic lipidome data, divided into groups according to stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques, a significant difference was taken into account: p value < 0.05 and abs (fold change) > 2. Unfortunately, we did not observe significant differences according to the established plasma panoramic lipidome criteria between patients with stable and unstable plaques. Omics technologies allow us to obtain data about any changes in the body. According to our data, statistically significant differences in lipidomic profiling were obtained when comparing groups with or without BCA atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Lomonosova
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Daria Gognieva
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Aleksandr Suvorov
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Artemy Silantyev
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Alina Abasheva
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Yana Vasina
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Magomed Abdullaev
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Nartova
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Nikolay Eroshchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Scientific and Technological Park of Biomedicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.E.); (E.D.)
| | - Viktoriia Kazakova
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Komarov
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (R.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrey Dzyundzya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (R.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Elena Danilova
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Scientific and Technological Park of Biomedicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.E.); (E.D.)
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shchekochikhin
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute for Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow State Healthcare Institution, City Clinical Hospital №1, 8 Leninsky Ave., 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Kopylov
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (Y.V.); (M.A.); (A.N.); (P.K.)
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Ding J, Nguyen AT, Lohman K, Hensley MT, Parker D, Hou L, Taylor J, Voora D, Sawyer JK, Boudyguina E, Bancks MP, Bertoni A, Pankow JS, Rotter JI, Goodarzi MO, Tracy RP, Murdoch DM, Duprez D, Rich SS, Psaty BM, Siscovick D, Newgard CB, Herrington D, Hoeschele I, Shea S, Stein JH, Patel M, Post W, Jacobs D, Parks JS, Liu Y. LXR signaling pathways link cholesterol metabolism with risk for prediabetes and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173278. [PMID: 38747290 PMCID: PMC11093600 DOI: 10.1172/jci173278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPreclinical studies suggest that cholesterol accumulation leads to insulin resistance. We previously reported that alterations in a monocyte cholesterol metabolism transcriptional network (CMTN) - suggestive of cellular cholesterol accumulation - were cross-sectionally associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we sought to determine whether the CMTN alterations independently predict incident prediabetes/T2D risk, and correlate with cellular cholesterol accumulation.METHODSMonocyte mRNA expression of 11 CMTN genes was quantified among 934 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants free of prediabetes/T2D; cellular cholesterol was measured in a subset of 24 monocyte samples.RESULTSDuring a median 6-year follow-up, lower expression of 3 highly correlated LXR target genes - ABCG1 and ABCA1 (cholesterol efflux) and MYLIP (cholesterol uptake suppression) - and not other CMTN genes, was significantly associated with higher risk of incident prediabetes/T2D. Lower expression of the LXR target genes correlated with higher cellular cholesterol levels (e.g., 47% of variance in cellular total cholesterol explained by ABCG1 expression). Further, adding the LXR target genes to overweight/obesity and other known predictors significantly improved prediction of incident prediabetes/T2D.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the aberrant LXR/ABCG1-ABCA1-MYLIP pathway (LAAMP) is a major T2D risk factor and support a potential role for aberrant LAAMP and cellular cholesterol accumulation in diabetogenesis.FUNDINGThe MESA Epigenomics and Transcriptomics Studies were funded by NIH grants 1R01HL101250, 1RF1AG054474, R01HL126477, R01DK101921, and R01HL135009. This work was supported by funding from NIDDK R01DK103531 and NHLBI R01HL119962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | - Daniel Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Jackson Taylor
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Janet K. Sawyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael P. Bancks
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - David M. Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven Shea
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James H. Stein
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manesh Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Wendy Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
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Ghooray DT, Xu M, Shi H, McClain CJ, Song M. Hepatocyte-Specific Fads1 Overexpression Attenuates Western Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4836. [PMID: 38732052 PMCID: PMC11084797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) synthesis. Reduced activity of FADS1 was observed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) mediated hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Fads1 (AAV8-Fads1) attenuates western diet-induced metabolic phenotypes in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a chow diet, or low-fat high-fructose (LFHFr) or high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFr) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were evaluated at the endpoint. AAV8-Fads1 injection restored hepatic FADS1 protein levels in both LFHFr and HFHFr-fed rats. While AAV8-Fads1 injection led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in LFHFr-fed rats, it significantly reduced plasma triglyceride (by ~50%) and hepatic cholesterol levels (by ~25%) in HFHFr-fed rats. Hepatic lipidomics analysis showed that FADS1 activity was rescued by AAV8-FADS1 in HFHFr-fed rats, as shown by the restored arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) ratio, and that was associated with reduced monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Our data suggest that the beneficial role of AAV8-Fads1 is likely mediated by the inhibition of fatty acid re-esterification. FADS1 is a promising therapeutic target for MASLD in a diet-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan T. Ghooray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (D.T.G.); (M.X.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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5
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Shi H, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Song M. Different Types of Dietary Fat and Fructose Interactions Result in Distinct Metabolic Phenotypes in Male Mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109189. [PMID: 36272691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fat and fructose are the two major components over-represented in the Western diet. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of different types of dietary fat and fructose on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a murine model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet enriched with saturated fat (HSF), or omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (n6HUSF), or omega-3 polyunsaturated fat (n3HUSF) with 42% of calories derived from the fat. Fructose supplementation was given via 10% fructose (w/v) in the drinking water ad libitum for 20 weeks. While both HSF and n6HUSF fed mice developed obesity, HSF fed mice exhibited severe hepatic steatosis associated with hepatomegaly and liver injury. Fructose feeding promotes the development of liver fibrosis in HSF fed mice. n6HUSF fed mice were characterized with moderate hepatic steatosis, accompanied with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia. Notably, fructose supplementation led to remarkable glucose intolerance in n6HUSF fed mice compared to controls. Hepatic lipidomic analysis revealed that the total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased by fructose in the free fatty acid pool in HSF fed mice. Moreover, fructose supplementation increased hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels in the HSF fed mice. Our data suggest that excess energy from HSF intake results in fat storage in the liver, likely due to impaired triglyceride secretion; whereas excess energy from n6HUSF diet is stored in the periphery. Both effects are exacerbated by fructose supplementation. n3HUSF is beneficial, even consumed with fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center.
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Embaby HE, Miyakawa T, Hachimura S, Muramatsu T, Nara M, Tanokura M. Crystallization and melting properties studied by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) oil. Food Chem 2021; 366:130645. [PMID: 34325243 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and thermal characteristics of goldenberry pomace oil (GPO) and goldenberry seed oil (GSO) were investigated. GPO and GSO contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (90.1% and 85.1%, respectively), and the major fatty acid was linoleic (62.0% and 72.8%, respectively). Additionally, GPO contained eleven triacylglycerol (TAG) species, three of which represented 82.7%, namely C54:6, C54:4 and C52:4, and trilinolein was the dominant one (35.5%). GSO contained nine TAG species, two of which represented 80.3%, namely C54:6 and C52:4, and trilinolein was dominant (53.3%). The DSC analysis of GPO and GSO revealed that three exothermal peaks were detected during cooling. Three endothermal peaks (one of which is exothermal for GSO) were detected during melting, and the most significant peaks occurred at low temperatures. FTIR spectra indicated that GPO and GSO did not contain peroxides or trans fatty acids, but they did contain low concentrations of free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Elsayed Embaby
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomonari Muramatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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7
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Tan L, Harper LR, Armstrong A, Carlson CS, Yammani RR. Dietary saturated fatty acid palmitate promotes cartilage lesions and activates the unfolded protein response pathway in mouse knee joints. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247237. [PMID: 33617553 PMCID: PMC7899342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased intake of dietary saturated fatty acids has been linked to obesity and the development of Osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanism by which these fats promote cartilage degradation and the development of OA is not clearly understood. Here, we report the effects of consumption of common dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, respectively, on body weight, metabolic factors, and knee articular cartilage in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Mice fed on a diet rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acid gained an equal amount of weight; however, mice fed a palmitate diet, but not a control or oleate diet, exhibited more cartilage lesions and increased expression of 1) unfolded protein response (UPR)/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers including BIP, P-IRE1α, XBP1, ATF4, and CHOP; 2) apoptosis markers CC3 and C-PARP; and 3) negative cell survival regulators Nupr1 and TRB3, in knee articular cartilage. Palmitate-induced apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL staining. Likewise, dietary palmitate was also increased the circulatory levels of classic proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. Taken together, our results demonstrate that increased weight gain is not sufficient for the development of obesity-linked OA and suggest that dietary palmitate promotes UPR/ER stress and cartilage lesions in mouse knee joints. This study validates our previous in vitro findings and suggests that ER stress could be the critical metabolic factor contributing to the development of diet/obesity induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Lindsey R. Harper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Raghunatha R. Yammani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Wang Z, Sequeira RC, Zabalawi M, Madenspacher J, Boudyguina E, Ou T, Nelson JM, Nie Y, Zhao Q, Fessler MB, Zhu X. Myeloid atg5 deletion impairs n-3 PUFA-mediated atheroprotection. Atherosclerosis 2020; 295:8-17. [PMID: 31978760 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary long-chain (≥20 carbons) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce atherosclerosis and enhance macrophage autophagy activation. How macrophage autophagy impacts atherosclerotic progression, particularly when comparing dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation vs. saturated fat feeding, is unknown. METHODS We generated myeloid-specific autophagy-deficient and control mice in the Ldlr-/- background by transplanting bone marrow from myeloid-specific autophagy-related (atg) 5 knockout mice and wild type controls into irradiated Ldlr-/- recipients. After 7 weeks for recovery from radiation, mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.2% cholesterol and 20% calories as palm oil (PO diet), or 10% calories as PO plus 10% calories as fish oil (FO diet) for 16 weeks. RESULTS Compared to PO, FO significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, hepatic neutral lipid, and aortic caspase-1 cleavage, but increased aortic efferocytosis, leading to attenuated atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice receiving wild type bone marrow. Myeloid atg5 deletion had little impact on plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic neutral lipid content, regardless of diet. Myeloid atg5 deletion increased aortic caspase-1 cleavage, decreased aortic efferocytosis and worsened atherosclerosis only in the FO-fed Ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Deficient myeloid autophagy significantly attenuated FO-induced atheroprotection, suggesting that dietary n-3 PUFAs reduce atherosclerosis, in part, by activation of macrophage autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Russel C Sequeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jennifer Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Tiantong Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jonathan M Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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9
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da Cunha JA, Rolim PM, Damasceno KSFDSC, de Sousa Júnior FC, Nabas RC, Seabra LMJ. From seed to flour: Sowing sustainability in the use of cantaloupe melon residue (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219229. [PMID: 31895921 PMCID: PMC6939897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of waste from food industry and food services is a current concern due to the large amount of waste generated, including peels and fruit seeds. The objective of this study was to obtain a flour produced from Cantaloupe melon seeds (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) and to evaluate the viability of using the product as an ingredient in cake manufacturing. In this study, different formulations were developed: standard cake-0% (F1) and cakes containing melon seed flour as substitute of wheat flour in 10% (F2), 30% (F3), and 50% (F4) concentrations. Centesimal composition, dietary fibre, structural and morphological characterization, determination of mineral composition, and evaluation of fatty acids profile in melon seed flour were carried out. To determine the overall acceptance of cake formulations, sensory analysis was performed with 135 non-trained panelists, which also included the identification of sensorial attributes using the Just About Right ideal scale test. The results showed that the melon seed flour has considerable nutritional value, with 18% proteins, 3% moisture, 4% ash, 30% lipids, and 35% dietary fibre. Melon flour also has a significantly high content of minerals, mainly phosphorus (1507.62 mg/100 g), potassium (957.35 mg/100 g), and magnesium (504.03 mg/100 g). The polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction was the most abundant in melon seed flour, with predominance of omega-6 fatty acids (17.95 g/mg of sample). Sensorial analysis disclosed good acceptance for formulations containing 10% and 30% of melon seed flour, with the 10% formulation being the most accepted. The research showed the feasibility of using the melon seed flour in cake production, as well as the possibility of using food waste in restaurants and food industries in order to adhere to sustainable production actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roseane Claro Nabas
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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10
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Deguise M, Baranello G, Mastella C, Beauvais A, Michaud J, Leone A, De Amicis R, Battezzati A, Dunham C, Selby K, Warman Chardon J, McMillan HJ, Huang Y, Courtney NL, Mole AJ, Kubinski S, Claus P, Murray LM, Bowerman M, Gillingwater TH, Bertoli S, Parson SH, Kothary R. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is a core component of spinal muscular atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1519-1532. [PMID: 31402618 PMCID: PMC6689695 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder leading to paralysis and subsequent death in young children. Initially considered a motor neuron disease, extra-neuronal involvement is increasingly recognized. The primary goal of this study was to investigate alterations in lipid metabolism in SMA patients and mouse models of the disease. METHODS We analyzed clinical data collected from a large cohort of pediatric SMA type I-III patients as well as SMA type I liver necropsy data. In parallel, we performed histology, lipid analysis, and transcript profiling in mouse models of SMA. RESULTS We identify an increased susceptibility to developing dyslipidemia in a cohort of 72 SMA patients and liver steatosis in pathological samples. Similarly, fatty acid metabolic abnormalities were present in all SMA mouse models studied. Specifically, Smn2B/- mice displayed elevated hepatic triglycerides and dyslipidemia, resembling non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, this phenotype appeared prior to denervation. INTERPRETATION This work highlights metabolic abnormalities as an important feature of SMA, suggesting implementation of nutritional and screening guidelines in patients, as such defects are likely to increase metabolic distress and cardiovascular risk. This study emphasizes the need for a systemic therapeutic approach to ensure maximal benefits for all SMA patients throughout their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐Olivier Deguise
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanadaK1H 8M5
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- UO Neurologia dello SviluppoFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular CentreNIHR BRC University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chiara Mastella
- SAPRE‐UONPIA, Fondazione IRCCS Cà' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Ariane Beauvais
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jean Michaud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Division of Anatomic PathologyChildren's and Women's Health Centre of B.CVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kathryn Selby
- Division of Neurology, Department of PediatricsBC Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jodi Warman Chardon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanadaK1H 8M5
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Hugh J. McMillan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yu‐Ting Huang
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- College of Medicine & Veterinary MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Natalie L. Courtney
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- College of Medicine & Veterinary MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Alannah J. Mole
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- College of Medicine & Veterinary MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Kubinski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell BiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Center of Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell BiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Center of Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Lyndsay M. Murray
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- College of Medicine & Veterinary MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- School of MedicineKeele UniversityStaffordshireUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular DiseaseRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- College of Medicine & Veterinary MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Simon H. Parson
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanadaK1H 8M5
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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11
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Trefts E, Hughey CC, Lantier L, Lark DS, Boyd KL, Pozzi A, Zent R, Wasserman DH. Energy metabolism couples hepatocyte integrin-linked kinase to liver glucoregulation and postabsorptive responses of mice in an age-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1118-E1135. [PMID: 30835508 PMCID: PMC6732653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00496.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a critical intracellular signaling node for integrin receptors. Its role in liver development is complex, as ILK deletion at E10.5 (before hepatocyte differentiation) results in biochemical and morphological differences that resolve as mice age. Nevertheless, mice with ILK depleted specifically in hepatocytes are protected from the hepatic insulin resistance during obesity. Despite the potential importance of hepatocyte ILK to metabolic health, it is unknown how ILK controls hepatic metabolism or glucoregulation. The present study tested the role of ILK in hepatic metabolism and glucoregulation by deleting it specifically in hepatocytes, using a cre-lox system that begins expression at E15.5 (after initiation of hepatocyte differentiation). These mice develop the most severe morphological and glucoregulatory abnormalities at 6 wk, but these gradually resolve with age. After identifying when the deletion of ILK caused a severe metabolic phenotype, in depth studies were performed at this time point to define the metabolic programs that coordinate control of glucoregulation that are regulated by ILK. We show that 6-wk-old ILK-deficient mice have higher glucose tolerance and decreased net glycogen synthesis. Additionally, ILK was shown to be necessary for transcription of mitochondrial-related genes, oxidative metabolism, and maintenance of cellular energy status. Thus, ILK is required for maintaining hepatic transcriptional and metabolic programs that sustain oxidative metabolism, which are required for hepatic maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Curtis C Hughey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dan S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Mokhtar SM, Swailam HM, Embaby HES. Physicochemical properties, nutritional value and techno-functional properties of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) waste powder concise title: Composition of goldenberry juice waste. Food Chem 2017; 248:1-7. [PMID: 29329831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Goldenberry waste powder, contained 5.87% moisture, 15.89% protein, 13.72% fat, 3.52% ash, 16.74% dietary fiber and 61% carbohydrates. Potassium (560 mg/100 g) was the predominant element followed by sodium (170 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (130 mg/100 g). Amino acid analysis gave high levels of cystine/methionine, histidine and tyrosine/phenylalanine. Goldenberry waste powder had good levels of the techno-functional properties including water absorption index, swelling index, foaming capacity and stability (3.38 g/g, 5.24 ml/g, 4.09 and 72.0%, respectively). Fatty acids profile showed that linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid followed by oleic, palmitic and stearic acids. Iodine value (109.5 g/100 g of oil), acid value (2.36 mg KOH/g of oil), saponification value (183.8 mg KOH/g of oil), peroxide value (8.2 meq/kg of oil) and refractive index (1.4735) were comparable to those of soybean and sunflower oils. Goldenberry waste oil exhibited absorbance in the UV range at 100-400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Mokhtar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Swailam
- National Center for Radiation, Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Sayed Embaby
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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13
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Does Eryngium maritimum seeds extract protect against CCl4 and cisplatin induced toxicity in rats: Preliminary phytochemical screening and assessment of its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and antifibrotic effect. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Amani M, Darbin A, Pezeshkian M, Afrasiabi A, Safaie N, Jodati A, Darabi M, Shaaker M, Latifi Z, Fattahi A, Farjah GH, Nouri M, Khadem-Ansari MH. The role of cholesterol-enriched diet and paraoxonase 1 inhibition in atherosclerosis progression. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:133-139. [PMID: 29118945 PMCID: PMC5670334 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Atherosclerosis could be deemed as a chronic, progressive, and inflammatory disease. It has been well-documented that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can reduce the risk of the atherosclerosis occurrence through exerting some anti-atherogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the strong evidence has suggested that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) may contribute to antioxidant properties of HDL. In the present study, the impact of a diet enriched with cholesterol and also the PON1 inhibition on atheroma formation and lipid profile has been investigated.
Methods: In this study, 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups receiving standard diet, atherogenic diet, and atherogenic diet plus once daily intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate as the PON1 inhibitor. Triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined and both cholesterol accumulation in aorta and fatty streak formation were evaluated.
Results: The comparison of the results in three groups reveals that cholesterol level in the group received cholesterol-enriched diet plus once daily injection of PON1 inhibitor was higher than the groups received standard diet or atherogenic diet without PON1 inhibitor (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of atheroma with type-I lesions was equal to 75% compared with the group received atherogenic diet plus nandrolone at 30%. Additionally, the differences in fatty streak formation in aorta, as well as the right and left coronary arteries in three groups given show that the difference between groups receiving atherogenic diet and standard diet was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the difference between groups receiving atherogenic diet plus PON1 inhibitor and standard diet.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that lack of paraoxanase1 or even reduced the activity of this enzyme could accelerate the progression of fatty streak lesions toward advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Akbar Darbin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Afrasiabi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Safaie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jodati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsod Shaaker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholam-Hossein Farjah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Omar I, Rom O, Aviram M, Cohen-Daniel L, Gebre AK, Parks JS, Berger M. Slfn2 mutation-induced loss of T-cell quiescence leads to elevated de novo sterol synthesis. Immunology 2017; 152:484-493. [PMID: 28672048 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of a 'quiescence programme' by naive T cells is important to provide a stress-free environment and resistance to apoptosis while preserving their responsiveness to activating stimuli. Therefore, the survival and proper function of naive T cells depends on their ability to maintain quiescence. Recently we demonstrated that by preventing chronic unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Schlafen2 (Slfn2) maintains a stress-free environment to conserve a pool of naive T cells ready to respond to a microbial invasion. These findings strongly suggest an intimate association between quiescence and stress signalling. However, the connection between ER stress conditions and loss of T-cell quiescence is unknown. Here we demonstrate that homeostasis of cholesterol and lipids, is disrupted in T cells and monocytes from Slfn2-mutant, elektra, mice with higher levels of lipid rafts and lipid droplets found in these cells. Moreover, elektra T cells had elevated levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester due to increased de novo synthesis and higher levels of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. As cholesterol plays an important role in the transition of T cells from resting to active state, and ER regulates cholesterol and lipid synthesis, we suggest that regulation of cholesterol levels through the prevention of ER stress is an essential component of the mechanism by which Slfn2 regulates quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Omar
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonor Cohen-Daniel
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham K Gebre
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Berger
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Shen L, Yang Y, Ou T, Key CCC, Tong SH, Sequeira RC, Nelson JM, Nie Y, Wang Z, Boudyguina E, Shewale SV, Zhu X. Dietary PUFAs attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation via enhancing macrophage autophagy. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1808-1821. [PMID: 28729463 PMCID: PMC5580895 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary PUFAs reduce atherosclerosis and macrophage inflammation, but how nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor protein (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and autophagy influence PUFA-mediated atheroprotection is poorly understood. We fed Ldlr-/- mice diets containing 10% (calories) palm oil (PO) and 0.2% cholesterol, supplemented with an additional 10% of calories as PO, fish oil (FO), echium oil (EO, containing 18:4 n-3), or borage oil (BO, containing 18:3 n-6). Inflammasome activation, autophagic flux, and mitochondrial function were measured in peritoneal macrophages, blood monocytes, or liver from diet-fed mice. Compared with PO, dietary PUFAs (FO, EO, or BO) markedly inhibited inflammasome activation, shown by 1) less macrophage IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 cleavage in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activators, 2) less IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 cleavage from liver or hepatocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and 3) attenuated caspase-1 activity in blood monocytes. Furthermore, PUFA-enriched diets increased LC3-II expression in macrophage, aorta, and liver samples and reduced numbers of dysfunctional mitochondria in macrophages in response to LPS and palmitate, suggesting enhanced autophagic activation. Dietary PUFAs did not attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atg5-deficient macrophages, indicating that autophagic activation is critical for the PUFA-mediated inflammasome inactivation. In conclusion, dietary PUFAs reduce atherosclerosis, in part, by activation of macrophage autophagy and attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Tiantong Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Chia-Chi C Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sarah H Tong
- Prestige Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Russel C Sequeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jonathan M Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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17
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Shewale SV, Brown AL, Bi X, Boudyguina E, Sawyer JK, Alexander-Miller MA, Parks JS. In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:236-246. [PMID: 27811230 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120/FFA receptor (FFAR)4 (GPR120/FFAR4) activation by n-3 PUFAs attenuates inflammation, but its impact on atherosclerosis is unknown. We determined whether in vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs is atheroprotective. Leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 WT or KO mice in the LDL receptor KO background were generated by bone marrow transplantation. Mice were fed one of the four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) + 10% calories as: 1) PO, 2) fish oil (FO; 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 enriched), 3) echium oil (EO; 18:4 n-3 enriched), or 4) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched) for 16 weeks. Compared with PO, mice fed BO, EO, and FO had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, TG, VLDL cholesterol, hepatic neutral lipid, and atherosclerosis that were equivalent for WT and KO mice. In BO-, EO-, and FO-fed mice, but not PO-fed mice, lack of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 resulted in neutrophilia, pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytosis, increased aortic root monocyte recruitment, and increased hepatic inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, leukocyte GPR120 expression has minimal effects on dietary PUFA-induced plasma lipid/lipoprotein reduction and atheroprotection, and there is no distinction between n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs in activating anti-inflammatory effects of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil V Shewale
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.,Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Xin Bi
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Janet K Sawyer
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | | | - John S Parks
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 .,Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Costa SMR, Isganaitis E, Matthews TJ, Hughes K, Daher G, Dreyfuss JM, da Silva GAP, Patti ME. Maternal obesity programs mitochondrial and lipid metabolism gene expression in infant umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1627-1634. [PMID: 27531045 PMCID: PMC5101152 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity increases risk for childhood obesity, but molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from infants of overweight and obese mothers would harbor transcriptional patterns reflecting offspring obesity risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this observational cohort study, we recruited 13 lean (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <25.0 kg m-2) and 24 overweight-obese ('ov-ob', BMI⩾25.0 kg m-2) women. We isolated primary HUVEC, and analyzed both gene expression (Primeview, Affymetrix) and cord blood levels of hormones and adipokines. RESULTS A total of 142 transcripts were differentially expressed in HUVEC from infants of overweight-obese mothers (false discovery rate, FDR<0.05). Pathway analysis revealed that genes involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism were negatively correlated with maternal BMI (FDR<0.05). To test whether these transcriptomic patterns were associated with distinct nutrient exposures in the setting of maternal obesity, we analyzed the cord blood lipidome and noted significant increases in the levels of total free fatty acids (lean: 95.5±37.1 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 124.1±46.0 μg ml-1, P=0.049), palmitate (lean: 34.5±12.7 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 46.3±18.4 μg ml-1, P=0.03) and stearate (lean: 20.8±8.2 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 29.7±17.2 μg ml-1, P=0.04), in infants of overweight-obese mothers. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to maternal obesity alters HUVEC expression of genes involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, potentially reflecting developmentally programmed differences in oxidative and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M R Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Isganaitis
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T J Matthews
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hughes
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Daher
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G A P da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M-E Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The Impact of Macronutrients on Retinal Microvasculature among Singapore Pregnant Women during the Mid-Late Gestation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160704. [PMID: 27508392 PMCID: PMC4979959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalanced macronutrient intakes can induce impairment of endothelial and vascular function, and further lead to metabolic and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the influence of such diets on endothelial and vascular dysfunction in pregnant women, even though high-fat diet is a known risk for pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Objective We aimed to assess the association between maternal macronutrient intakes (protein, fat and carbohydrates), dietary quality and retinal microvascular changes in a multi-ethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort. Methods Pregnant women (n = 614) with singleton pregnancies were recruited during their first trimester from June 2009 to Sep 2010. Maternal diet quality and macronutrient intakes, expressed as a percentage of total energy during pregnancy, were ascertained using 24 hr recalls and 3 d food diaries at 26–28 weeks gestation. Retinal examination was completed at the same clinic visit. Dietary quality was assessed and scored using the Health Eating Index in Asian Pregnant women (HEI-AP), while macronutrients intakes ware expressed as percentages of total energy and further log transformed for analysis. Associations were examined cross-sectionally by substitution models with the use of multiple linear regression. Results In adjusted model, each 20 points decrease in HEI-AP score was associated with a significant increase of 1.70 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular calibre. Each 0.1 log increase in percentage of total fat intake was associated with a significant increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular caliber. Additionally, each 0.1 log increase in percentage of mono-unsaturated fat intake was associated with an increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.01) in retinal venular caliber. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, we found that women with higher fat and lower protein intakes, and lower diet quality tended to have wider retinal venular caliber, which is suggestive of suboptimal microvasculature.
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Farrell N, Norris G, Lee SG, Chun OK, Blesso CN. Anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract improves markers of HDL function and reduces aortic cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:1278-87. [PMID: 25758596 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor considered to be protective of atherosclerosis. However, atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and contributes to impairment in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, including reductions in HDL-C, HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Anthocyanins are polyphenols that have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether an anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra) (BEE) (13% anthocyanins) would protect against inflammation-related impairments in HDL function and atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice, a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and HDL dysfunction. We fed an AIN-93M diet supplemented with 1.25% (w/w) BEE or control diet to 10 week old male apoE(-/-) mice for 6 weeks. The BEE fed to mice was rich in cyanidin 3-sambubioside (∼ 9.8% w/w) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (∼ 3.8% w/w). After 6 weeks, serum lipids did not differ significantly between groups, while aspartate transaminase (AST) and fasting glucose were reduced in BEE-fed mice. Hepatic and intestinal mRNA changes with BEE-feeding were consistent with an improvement in HDL function (Apoa1, Pon1, Saa1, Lcat, Clu) and a reduction in hepatic cholesterol levels (increased Ldlr and Hmgcr, reduced Cyp7a1). In BEE-fed mice, serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) arylesterase activity was significantly higher. In addition, mice fed BEE had significantly lower serum chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) compared to control-fed mice. Notably, we observed significant reductions in total cholesterol content of the aorta of BEE-fed mice, indicating less atherosclerosis progression. This study suggests that black elderberry may have the potential to influence HDL dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation by impacting hepatic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Farrell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Melchior JT, Olson JD, Kelley KL, Wilson MD, Sawyer JK, Link KM, Rudel LL. Targeted Knockdown of Hepatic SOAT2 With Antisense Oligonucleotides Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque in ApoB100-only LDLr-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1920-7. [PMID: 26229140 PMCID: PMC4552612 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the attenuation of cholesterol oleate packaging into apoB-containing lipoproteins will arrest progression of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions. APPROACH AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis was induced in apoB-100 only, LDLr(-/-) mice by feeding a diet enriched in cis-monounsaturated fatty acids for 24 weeks. A subset of mice was then euthanized to quantify the extent of atherosclerosis. The remaining mice were continued on the same diet (controls) or assigned to the following treatments for 16 weeks: (1) a diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, (2) the cis-monounsaturated fatty acid diet plus biweekly injections of an antisense oligonucleotide specific to hepatic sterol-O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2); or (3) the cis-monounsaturated fatty acid diet and biweekly injections of a nontargeting hepatic antisense oligonucleotide. Extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta was monitored morphometrically in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo histologically and immunochemically. Hepatic knockdown of SOAT2 via antisense oligonucleotide treatment arrested lesion growth and stabilized lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic knockdown of SOAT2 in apoB100-only, LDLr(-/-) mice resulted in remodeling of aortic atherosclerotic lesions into a stable phenotype, suggesting SOAT2 is a viable target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John D Olson
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kathryn L Kelley
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Martha D Wilson
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Janet K Sawyer
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kerry M Link
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lawrence L Rudel
- From the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences (J.T.M., K.L.K., M.D.W., J.K.S., L.L.R.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomolecular Imaging (J.D.O., K.M.L.), Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC.
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Effect of beta-3 adrenoceptor stimulation on the levels of ApoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:407-11. [PMID: 24979391 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beta-3 adrenoceptor (β3-AR) protects against the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the specific mechanism of this antiatherosclerotic effect is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the antiatherosclerotic effects of β3-AR. Thirty-six male homozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 6 treatment groups: wild-type, atherosclerotic model, atorvastatin, low-dose β3-AR agonist, high-dose β3-AR agonist, and β3-AR antagonist groups. The serum lipids, aortic-free cholesterol (FC), and cholesteryl ester (CE) concentrations were measured at the end of the treatments. The mRNA expression levels of liver apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of apoA1, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with β3-AR significantly increased the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoA-I, whereas the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. The β3-AR agonist treatment markedly decreased both the FC and the CE concentrations in the aorta compared with the atherosclerotic model mice. The β3-AR agonist increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver. This study demonstrates that long-term β3-AR activation can regulate lipid metabolic disorders and reduces the aortic FC and the CE concentrations. These effects may be related to apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ.
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Tlili N, Mejri H, Lajnef HB, Feriani A, Khaldi A, Nasri N. Unexploited Thapsia garganica, Orlaya maritima, and Retama raetam Seeds: Potential Sources of Unsaturated Fatty Acid and Natural Antioxidants. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Shewale SV, Boudyguina E, Zhu X, Shen L, Hutchins PM, Barkley RM, Murphy RC, Parks JS. Botanical oils enriched in n-6 and n-3 FADS2 products are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and fatty liver. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1191-205. [PMID: 25921305 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m059170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in 18:4 n-3, the immediate product of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) desaturation of 18:3 n-3, is as atheroprotective as fish oil (FO). The objective of this study was to determine whether botanical oils enriched in the FADS2 products 18:3 n-6 versus 18:4 n-3 are equally atheroprotective. LDL receptor KO mice were fed one of four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) plus 10% calories as: 1) PO; 2) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched); 3) EO (18:4 n-3 enriched); or 4) FO for 16 weeks. Mice fed BO, EO, and FO versus PO had significantly lower plasma total and VLDL cholesterol concentrations; hepatic neutral lipid content and inflammation, aortic CE content, aortic root intimal area and macrophage content; and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, CE content, and ex vivo chemotaxis. Atheromas lacked oxidized CEs despite abundant generation of macrophage 12/15 lipooxygenase-derived metabolites. We conclude that botanical oils enriched in 18:3 n-6 and 18:4 n-3 PUFAs beyond the rate-limiting FADS2 enzyme are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis compared with saturated/monounsaturated fat due to cellular enrichment of ≥20 PUFAs, reduced plasma VLDL, and attenuated macrophage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil V Shewale
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Lulu Shen
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert M Barkley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John S Parks
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few studies have reviewed the impact of dietary fat and dietary patterns on lipoprotein metabolism. This review intends to provide perspective on this topic, while focusing primarily on the studies that assessed intravascular lipoprotein kinetics in humans using isotope methodologies. RECENT FINDINGS Data suggest that dietary saturated fatty acids slow the clearance of LDL apolipoprotein (apo)B-100 and of apoA-I from the circulation, whereas possibly increasing also apoA-I production. Dietary trans fats reduce the clearance of LDL apoB-100, whereas increasing the clearance of apoA-I. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake reduces the production of apoB-48-containing lipoproteins as well as of VLDL apoB-100 and increases their conversion into smaller lipoproteins. Medium-chain triglycerides appear to have no significant effect on lipoprotein kinetics. Finally, Mediterranean diet in the absence of weight loss reduces LDL cholesterol, primarily by enhancing its clearance from the circulation. SUMMARY Kinetic studies with tracers allow a better appreciation of the impact of specific dietary factors on plasma lipid risk factors. However, additional studies are required to better document the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids, n-6 PUFAs, and of whole diets on lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Le Goff W. A new piece in the puzzling effect of n-3 fatty acids on atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:358-62. [PMID: 24926537 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) FA are reported to be protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD), notably through their beneficial action on atherosclerosis development. In this context dietary intake of long-chain marine eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recommended and randomised trials largely support that EPA and DHA intake is associated with a reduction of CVD. However, mechanisms governing the atheroprotective action of n-3 FA are still unclear and numerous studies using mouse models conducted so far do not allow to reach a precise view of the cellular and molecular effects of n-3 FA on atherosclerosis. In the current issue of Atherosclerosis, Chang et al. provide important new information on the anti-atherogenic properties of n-3 FA by analysing the incremental replacement of saturated FA by pure fish oil as a source of EPA and DHA in Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Le Goff
- INSERM UMR_S1166, Team 4: Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis, F-75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Effects of dietary cholesterol and its oxidation products on pathological lesions and cholesterol and lipid oxidation in the rabbit liver. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:598612. [PMID: 24696857 PMCID: PMC3950612 DOI: 10.1155/2014/598612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) on the induction of pathological lesions in rabbit liver tissues. Liver lesions were induced only when the levels of CHO and COPs in the diet were very high. The amount of CHO measured in the liver increased when dietary CHO was increased; by comparison, dietary COPs affected liver CHO amounts to a lesser extent. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value measured for the liver samples also increased when dietary CHO and COP levels were elevated, and the TBARS value was more strongly affected by the amount of COPs in the diet than by the amount of CHO. At 6 and 12 weeks, COP levels were the highest in the group that received 1.2 g CHO + 0.8 g COPs, followed by the 0.5 g CHO + 0.5 g COPs and 1.6 g CHO + 0.4 g COPs groups; the control (0 g) group showed the lowest COP levels among all groups. In this study, we found that not only dietary CHO but also COPs were involved in hypercholesterolemia induced liver lesions when the amount of CHO and COPs was high.
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Mörk LM, Rehnmark S, Davoodpour P, Norata GD, Larsson L, Witt MR, Malm J, Parini P. The thyroid receptor modulator KB3495 reduces atherosclerosis independently of total cholesterol in the circulation in ApoE deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78534. [PMID: 24324578 PMCID: PMC3850901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate cholesterol metabolism but their use as lipid-lowering drugs is restricted due to negative cardiac effects. TH mimetic compounds modulating TH receptor β (THRβ) have been designed as potential drugs, reducing serum cholesterol levels while avoiding apparent deleterious cardiac effects. OBJECTIVE Using ApoE deficient mice, we examined whether KB3495, a TH mimetic compound, reduces atherosclerosis and if there is a synergistic effect with atorvastatin. The effect of KB3495 was investigated after 10 and 25 weeks. RESULTS KB3495 treatment reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in aorta and decreased the cholesteryl ester (CE) content by 57%. Treatment with KB3495 was also associated with a reduction of macrophage content in the atherosclerotic plaques and reduced serum levels of IL-1β, TNFalpha, IL-6, Interferon γ, MCP-1 and M-CSF. Serum lipoprotein analysis showed no change in total cholesterol levels in ApoB-containing lipoproteins. KB3495 alone increased fecal BA excretion by 90%. The excretion of neutral sterols increased in all groups, with the largest increase in the combination group (350%). After 25 weeks, the animals treated with KB3495 showed 50% lower CE levels in the skin and even further reductions were observed in the combination group where the CE levels were reduced by almost 95% as compared to controls. CONCLUSION KB3495 treatment reduced atherosclerosis independently of total cholesterol levels in ApoB-containing lipoproteins likely by stimulation of sterol excretion from the body and by inhibition of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Mari Mörk
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Padideh Davoodpour
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lilian Larsson
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Paolo Parini
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Xue J, Wei J, Dong X, Zhu C, Li Y, Song A, Liu Z. ABCG1 deficiency promotes endothelial apoptosis by endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathway. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:435-44. [PMID: 23897420 PMCID: PMC10717156 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was focused on whether ABCG1 deficiency was involved in endothelial apoptosis and its possible mechanism. Human umbilical artery endothelial cells were transfected with ABCG1 siRNA and/or ABCG1 expression plasmid. We observed that silencing of endothelial ABCG1 reduced cholesterol efflux to HDL and increased intracellular lipid content. Moreover, reduction of ABCG1 promoted endothelial apoptosis and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules GRP78 and CHOP. In contrast, transfection of ABCG1 overexpression plasmid reversed endothelial apoptosis and intracellular lipid accumulation as well as decreased expression of GRP78 and CHOP in ABCG1-deficient endothelial cells. Furthermore, endothelial apoptosis and ER stress-related molecules were induced by repletion of endothelial cells with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin, otherwise endothelial apoptotic response and expression of GRP78 and CHOP were suppressed by depletion of cellular cholesterol in ABCG1-deficient endothelial cells. The present results suggest that reduction of ABCG1 induces endothelial apoptosis, which seems associated with intracellular free cholesterol accumulation and subsequent ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China,
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Dietary phytosterol does not accumulate in the arterial wall and prevents atherosclerosis of LDLr-KO mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:442-7. [PMID: 24267264 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE There have been conflicting reports on the usefulness of phytosterols (PS) in preventing atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effects of dietary PS supplementation in LDLr-KO male mice on the plasma and aorta sterol concentrations and on atherosclerotic lesion development. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed a high fat diet (40% of energy) supplemented with or without PS (2% w/w, n = 10). Plasma and arterial wall cholesterol and PS concentrations, lesion area, macrophage infiltration, and mRNA expression from LOX-1, CD36, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in peritoneal macrophages were measured. After 16 weeks, the plasma cholesterol concentration in PS mice was lower than that in the controls (p = 0.02) and in the arterial wall (p = 0.03). Plasma PS concentrations were higher in PS-fed animals than in controls (p < 0.0001); however, the arterial wall PS concentration did not differ between groups. The atherosclerotic lesion area in the PS group (n = 5) was smaller than that in controls (p = 0.0062) and the macrophage area (p = 0.0007). PS correlates negatively with arterial lipid content and macrophage (r = -0.76; p < 0.05). PS supplementation induced lower ABCG1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite inducing an increase in PS plasma concentration, PS supplementation is not associated with its accumulation in the arterial wall and prevents atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Echium oil reduces plasma triglycerides by increasing intravascular lipolysis in apoB100-only low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout mice. Nutrients 2013; 5:2629-45. [PMID: 23857172 PMCID: PMC3738992 DOI: 10.3390/nu5072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in SDA (18:4 n-3), reduces plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations in humans and mice. We compared mechanisms by which EO and fish oil (FO) reduce plasma TG concentrations in mildly hypertriglyceridemic male apoB100-only LDLrKO mice. Mice were fed one of three atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and palm oil (PO; 20%), EO (10% EO + 10% PO), or FO (10% FO + 10% PO). Livers from PO- and EO-fed mice had similar TG and cholesteryl ester (CE) content, which was significantly higher than in FO-fed mice. Plasma TG secretion was reduced in FO vs. EO-fed mice. Plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size was ordered: PO (63 ± 4 nm) > EO (55 ± 3 nm) > FO (40 ± 2 nm). Post-heparin lipolytic activity was similar among groups, but TG hydrolysis by purified lipoprotein lipase was significantly greater for EO and FO VLDL compared to PO VLDL. Removal of VLDL tracer from plasma was marginally faster in EO vs. PO fed mice. Our results suggest that EO reduces plasma TG primarily through increased intravascular lipolysis of TG and VLDL clearance. Finally, EO may substitute for FO to reduce plasma TG concentrations, but not hepatic steatosis in this mouse model.
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Xue J, Wang C, Zhu C, Li Y. ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 protects against endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:72-80. [PMID: 23693076 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), a regulator of cholesterol efflux to HDL, has been shown to decrease in macrophages and smooth muscle cells under high glucose conditions. Endothelial cells have a high capacity to efflux sterols and express ABCG1. In the present study we explored the role of ABCG1 in high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured under high glucose conditions. ABCG1 mRNA and protein expression in HAECs were measured by real time PCR and Western blot. Cholesterol efflux and NO synthesis (NOS) activity were determined by means of scintillation counting. Total intracellular cholesterol was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The secretion of IL-6 and ICAM-1 was measured using ELISA. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS We observed that high glucose suppressed ABCG1 expression and intracellular cholesterol efflux to HDL. Furthermore, high glucose increased the secretion of IL-6 and ICAM, as well as decreased phospho-eNOS protein expression and NOS activity. These processes were reversed by the up-regulation of ABCG1 using the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901307 and an ABCG1 expression vector. In addition, high glucose-induced oxidative stress was reduced by the upregulation of ABCG1. In contrast, knock-down of ABCG1 in HAECs significantly increased the secretion of IL-6 and ICAM, as well as decreased phospho-eNOS protein expression and NOS activity. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that ABCG1 plays an important role in protecting against endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Congxia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Canzhan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yongqin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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Bi X, Zhu X, Duong M, Boudyguina EY, Wilson MD, Gebre AK, Parks JS. Liver ABCA1 deletion in LDLrKO mice does not impair macrophage reverse cholesterol transport or exacerbate atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2288-96. [PMID: 23814116 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression is critical for maintaining plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, but its role in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis is not fully understood. We investigated atherosclerosis development and reverse cholesterol transport in hepatocyte-specific ABCA1 knockout (HSKO) mice in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor KO (LDLrKO) C57BL/6 background. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male and female LDLrKO and HSKO/LDLrKO mice were switched from chow at 8 weeks of age to an atherogenic diet (10% palm oil, 0.2% cholesterol) for 16 weeks. Chow-fed HSKO/LDLrKO mice had HDL concentrations 10% to 20% of LDLrKO mice, but similar very low-density lipoprotein and LDL concentrations. Surprisingly, HSKO/LDLrKO mice fed the atherogenic diet had significantly lower (40% to 60%) very low-density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL concentrations (50%) compared with LDLrKO mice. Aortic surface lesion area and cholesterol content were similar for both genotypes of mice, but aortic root intimal area was significantly lower (20% to 40%) in HSKO/LDLrKO mice. Although macrophage (3)H-cholesterol efflux to apoB lipoprotein-depleted plasma was 24% lower for atherogenic diet-fed HSKO/LDLrKO versus LDLrKO mice, variation in percentage efflux among individual mice was <2-fold compared with a 10-fold variation in plasma HDL concentrations, suggesting that HDL levels, per se, were not the primary determinant of plasma efflux capacity. In vivo reverse cholesterol transport, resident peritoneal macrophage sterol content, biliary lipid composition, and fecal cholesterol mass were similar between both genotypes of mice. CONCLUSIONS The markedly reduced plasma HDL pool in HSKO/LDLrKO mice is sufficient to maintain macrophage reverse cholesterol transport, which, along with reduced plasma very low-density lipoprotein and LDL concentrations, prevented the expected increase in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- From the Section on Lipid Sciences, Department of Pathology (X.B., X.Z., M.D., E.Y.B., M.D.W., A.K.G., J.S.P.), and Department of Biochemistry (J.S.P.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Hur SJ, Min B, Nam KC, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Effect of dietary cholesterol and cholesterol oxides on blood cholesterol, lipids, and the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12593-606. [PMID: 23774834 PMCID: PMC3709802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol oxides (COPs) on the development of atherosclerosis and the changes in fatty acid and blood characteristics in rabbits. In the first study, forty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 5 groups and fed commercial rabbit chow with no added CHO or COPs, 1 g CHO, 0.9 g CHO + 0.1 g COPs, 0.8 g CHO + 0.2 g COPs, or 0.5 g CHO + 0.5 g COPs per kg diet. In the second study, 24 male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups and fed a diet containing 2 g CHO, 1.6 g CHO + 0.4 g COPs, or 1.2 g CHO + 0.8 g COPs per kg diet. All diets induced atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbits' ascending thoracic aorta. The serum CHO and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05) increased significantly with the increased levels of CHO in the diets. Dietary CHO or COPs did not influence high-density lipoprotein CHO levels. The ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid increased as the level of dietary CHO and COPs increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Byungrok Min
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Science, University Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +1-515-294-6595; Fax: +1-515-294-9143
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Cheng HY, Wu R, Gebre AK, Hanna RN, Smith DJ, Parks JS, Ley K, Hedrick CC. Increased cholesterol content in gammadelta (γδ) T lymphocytes differentially regulates their activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63746. [PMID: 23704936 PMCID: PMC3660587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammadelta (γδ) T lymphocytes respond quickly upon antigen encounter to produce a cytokine response. In this study, we sought to understand how functions of γδ T cells are differentially regulated compared to αβ T cells. We found that cholesterol, an integral component of the plasma membrane and a regulator of TCR signaling, is increased in γδ T cells compared to αβ T cells, and modulates their function. Higher levels of activation markers, and increased lipid raft content in γδ cells suggest that γδ T cells are more activated. Cholesterol depletion effectively decreased lipid raft formation and activation of γδ T cells, indicating that increased cholesterol content contributes to the hyper-activated phenotype of γδ T cells, possibly through enhanced clustering of TCR signals in lipid rafts. TCR stimulation assays and western blotting revealed that instead of a lower TCR threshold, enhanced TCR signaling through ERK1/2 activation is likely the cause for high cholesterol-induced rapid activation and proliferation in γδ T cells. Our data indicate that cholesterol metabolism is differentially regulated in γδ T cells. The high intracellular cholesterol content leads to enhanced TCR signaling and increases activation and proliferation of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Cheng
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Runpei Wu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Abraham K. Gebre
- Department of Pathology/Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard N. Hanna
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dan J. Smith
- Targeson, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Pathology/Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu B, Zhang M, Xing C, Mothibe KJ, Zhu C. Composition, characterisation and analysis of seed oil ofSuaeda salsaL. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi; Jiangsu; China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi; Jiangsu; China
| | - Chaohong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi; Jiangsu; China
| | | | - Chengpei Zhu
- Jiangsu Dafeng saline land of agricultural science and technology limited company; Dafeng; 224100; China
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Sag D, Wingender G, Nowyhed H, Wu R, Gebre AK, Parks JS, Kronenberg M, Hedrick CC. ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 intrinsically regulates invariant NKT cell development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5129-38. [PMID: 23100511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) plays a role in the intracellular transport of cholesterol. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid Ags. In this study, we demonstrate that ABCG1 regulates iNKT cell development and functions in a cell-intrinsic manner. Abcg1(-/-) mice displayed reduced frequencies of iNKT cells in thymus and periphery. Thymic iNKT cells deficient in ABCG1 had reduced membrane lipid raft content, and showed impaired proliferation and defective maturation during the early stages of development. Moreover, we found that Abcg1(-/-) mice possess a higher frequency of Vβ7(+) iNKT cells, suggesting alterations in iNKT cell thymic selection. Furthermore, in response to CD3ε/CD28 stimulation, Abcg1(-/-) thymic iNKT cells showed reduced production of IL-4 but increased production of IFN-γ. Our results demonstrate that changes in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis by ABCG1 profoundly impact iNKT cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sag
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Proximate Analysis of
Adenanthera pavonina
L. Seed Oil, a Source of Lignoceric Acid Grown in Pakistan. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Brown AL, Zhu X, Rong S, Shewale S, Seo J, Boudyguina E, Gebre AK, Alexander-Miller MA, Parks JS. Omega-3 fatty acids ameliorate atherosclerosis by favorably altering monocyte subsets and limiting monocyte recruitment to aortic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2122-30. [PMID: 22814747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.253435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fish oil, containing omega-3 fatty acids, attenuates atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acid-enriched oils are atheroprotective through alteration of monocyte subsets and their trafficking into atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout and apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice were fed diets containing 10% (calories) palm oil and 0.2% cholesterol, supplemented with an additional 10% palm oil, echium oil (containing 18:4 n-3), or fish oil. Compared with palm oil-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice, echium oil and fish oil significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, splenic Ly6C(hi) monocytosis by ≈50%, atherosclerosis by 40% to 70%, monocyte trafficking into the aortic root by ≈50%, and atherosclerotic lesion macrophage content by 30% to 44%. In contrast, atherosclerosis and monocyte trafficking into the artery wall was not altered by omega-3 fatty acids in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice; however, Ly6C(hi) splenic monocytes positively correlated with aortic root intimal area across all diet groups. In apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice, fish oil reduced the percentage of blood Ly6C(hi) monocytes, despite an average 2-fold higher plasma cholesterol relative to palm oil. CONCLUSIONS The presence of splenic Ly6C(hi) monocytes parallels the appearance of atherosclerotic disease in both low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout and apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids favorably alter monocyte subsets independently from effects on plasma cholesterol and reduce monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Brown
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA
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Machado RM, Nakandakare ER, Quintao ECR, Cazita PM, Koike MK, Nunes VS, Ferreira FD, Afonso MS, Bombo RPA, Machado-Lima A, Soriano FG, Catanozi S, Lottenberg AM. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atherosclerosis development in LDLr-KO mice, in spite of displaying a pro-inflammatory profile similar to trans fatty acids. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:66-74. [PMID: 22809447 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis and the inflammatory response were investigated in LDLr-KO mice on three high-fat diets (40% energy as fat) for 16 weeks: trans (TRANS), saturated (SAFA) or ω-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) fats. The following parameters were measured: plasma lipids, aortic root total cholesterol (TC), lesion area (Oil Red-O), ABCA1 content and macrophage infiltration (immunohistochemistry), collagen content (Picrosirius-red) and co-localization of ABCA1 and macrophage (confocal microscopy) besides the plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) and the macrophage inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS). As expected, plasma TC and TG concentrations were lower on the PUFA diet than on TRANS or SAFA diets. Aortic intima macrophage infiltration, ABCA1 content, and lesion area on PUFA group were lower compared to TRANS and SAFA groups. Macrophages and ABCA1 markers did not co-localize in the atherosclerotic plaque, suggesting that different cell types were responsible for the ABCA1 expression in plaques. Compared to PUFA, TRANS and SAFA presented higher collagen content and necrotic cores in atherosclerotic plaques. In the artery wall, TC was lower on PUFA compared to TRANS group; free cholesterol was lower on PUFA compared to TRANS and SAFA; cholesteryl ester concentration did not vary amongst the groups. Plasma TNF-α concentration on PUFA and TRANS-fed mice was higher compared to SAFA. No difference was observed in IL-6 concentration amongst groups. Regarding the macrophage inflammatory response to LPS, TRANS and PUFA presented higher culture medium concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α as compared to SAFA. The PUFA group showed the lowest amount of the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 compared to TRANS and SAFA groups. In conclusion, PUFA intake prevented atherogenesis, even in a pro-inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M Machado
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo, Lipids Laboratory, LIM 10, SP, Brazil
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Fatty acids in cardiovascular health and disease: a comprehensive update. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 6:216-34. [PMID: 22658146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Research dating back to the 1950s reported an association between the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and risk of coronary heart disease. Recent epidemiological evidence, however, challenges these findings. It is well accepted that the consumption of SFAs increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas carbohydrates, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) do not. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C increases with SFA intake. Among individuals who are insulin resistant, a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet typically has an adverse effect on lipid profiles (in addition to decreasing HDL-C, it also increases triglyceride and LDL particle concentrations). Consequently, a moderate fat diet in which unsaturated fatty acids replace SFAs and carbohydrates are not augmented is advised to lower LDL-C; compared with a low-fat diet, a moderate-fat diet will lower triglycerides and increase HDL-C. Now, there is some new evidence that is questioning the health benefits of even MUFAs and PUFAs. In addition, in a few recent studies investigators have also failed to demonstrate expected cardiovascular benefits of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids. To clarify the clinical pros and cons of dietary fats, the National Lipid Association held a fatty acid symposium at the 2011 National Lipid Association Scientific Sessions. During these sessions, the science regarding the effects of different fatty acid classes on coronary heart disease risk was reviewed.
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Nguyen TM, Sawyer JK, Kelley KL, Davis MA, Rudel LL. Cholesterol esterification by ACAT2 is essential for efficient intestinal cholesterol absorption: evidence from thoracic lymph duct cannulation. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:95-104. [PMID: 22045928 PMCID: PMC3243485 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m018820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis tested in this study was that cholesterol esterification by ACAT2 would increase cholesterol absorption efficiency by providing cholesteryl ester (CE) for incorporation into chylomicrons. The assumption was that absorption would be proportional to Acat2 gene dosage. Male ACAT2⁺/⁺, ACAT2⁺/⁻, and ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice were fed a diet containing 20% of energy as palm oil with 0.2% (w/w) cholesterol. Cholesterol absorption efficiency was measured by fecal dual-isotope and thoracic lymph duct cannulation (TLDC) methods using [³H]sitosterol and [¹⁴C]cholesterol tracers. Excellent agreement among individual mice was found for cholesterol absorption measured by both techniques. Cholesterol absorption efficiency in ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice was 16% compared with 46-47% in ACAT2⁺/⁺ and ACAT2⁺/⁻ mice. Chylomicrons from ACAT2⁺/⁺ and ACAT2⁺/⁻ mice carried ∼80% of total sterol mass as CE, whereas ACAT2⁻/⁻ chylomicrons carried >90% of sterol mass in the unesterified form. The total percentage of chylomicron mass as CE was reduced from 12% in the presence of ACAT2 to ∼1% in ACAT2⁻/⁻ mice. Altogether, the data demonstrate that ACAT2 increases cholesterol absorption efficiency by providing CE for chylomicron transport, but one copy of the Acat2 gene, providing ∼50% of ACAT2 mRNA and enzyme activity, was as effective as two copies in promoting cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet K. Sawyer
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kathryn L. Kelley
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Matthew A. Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lawrence L. Rudel
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Bassett CMC, McCullough RS, Edel AL, Patenaude A, LaVallee RK, Pierce GN. The α-linolenic acid content of flaxseed can prevent the atherogenic effects of dietary trans fat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2220-6. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00958.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of industrially hydrogenated trans fatty acids (TFA) has been associated with coronary heart disease. Dietary flaxseed can inhibit atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementing the diet with flaxseed could protect against atherosclerosis induced by a diet enriched in TFA. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr−/−) mice were fed 1 of 14 experimental diets for 14 wk containing one of two fat sources [regular (pork/soy) or trans fat] at two concentrations (4 or 8%) and supplemented with or without dietary cholesterol (2%), whole ground flaxseed, or one of the components of flaxseed [α-linolenic acid (ALA), defatted fiber, or lignan]. Adding flaxseed to the diet partially mitigated the rise in circulating cholesterol levels induced by the cholesterol-enriched diet. Atherosclerosis was stimulated by TFA and/or cholesterol. Including milled flaxseed to an atherogenic diet significantly reduced atherosclerosis compared with the groups that consumed cholesterol and/or TFA. ALA was the only component within flaxseed that could inhibit the atherogenic action of cholesterol and/or TFA on its own. Dietary flaxseed protects against atherosclerotic development induced by TFA and cholesterol feeding through its content of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M. C. Bassett
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richelle S. McCullough
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Edel
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amanda Patenaude
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Renee K. LaVallee
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Forrest LM, Boudyguina E, Wilson MD, Parks JS. Echium oil reduces atherosclerosis in apoB100-only LDLrKO mice. Atherosclerosis 2011; 220:118-21. [PMID: 22100249 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anti-atherogenic and hypotriglyceridemic properties of fish oil are attributed to its enrichment in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6, n-3). Echium oil contains stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4, n-3), which is metabolized to EPA in humans and mice, resulting in decreased plasma triglycerides. OBJECTIVE We used apoB100 only, LDLrKO mice to investigate whether echium oil reduces atherosclerosis. METHODS Mice were fed palm, echium, or fish oil-containing diets for 16 weeks and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis were measured. RESULTS Compared to palm oil, echium oil feeding resulted in significantly less plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and atherosclerosis, comparable to that of fish oil. CONCLUSION This is the first report that echium oil is anti-atherogenic, suggesting that it may be a botanical alternative to fish oil for atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita M Forrest
- Department of Pathology/Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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Penumetcha M, Song M, Merchant N, Parthasarathy S. Pretreatment with n-6 PUFA protects against subsequent high fat diet induced atherosclerosis--potential role of oxidative stress-induced antioxidant defense. Atherosclerosis 2011; 220:53-8. [PMID: 22035574 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress can promote antioxidant defense and thus be athero-protective. n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) are more prone to oxidation, compared to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and yet have proven anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this study, we tested whether early exposure to a diet rich in n-6 PUFA, compared to a MUFA rich diet would reduce lesion burden, even with subsequent exposure to a high fat, high cholesterol diet (HF). Further, we tested to determine whether oxidative mechanisms are involved in such protection. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty four, 4 week old, male, LDL receptor knockout (LDL-R(-/-)) mice were divided into two groups and fed either a n-6 PUFA rich or a MUFA rich diet for a period of 12 weeks. At this point, 4 mice from each group were euthanized and the remaining 8 mice from each group were fed a HF diet for four weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions, plasma lipids, autoantibodies to lipid peroxide modified proteins, isoprostanes and aortic catalase levels were measured. The n-6 PUFA diet reduced aortic lesions and plasma lipids compared to the MUFA diet and this reduction in lesions continued even after the mice were switched over to the HF diet, despite the fact that the plasma lipids were similar in both groups after the HF diet. n-6 PUFA fed mice had highest plasma isoprostane levels, indicating oxidative stress, but also had higher levels of aortic catalase. On the other hand, MUFA fed mice had comparatively lower levels of isoprostanes and their aortic catalase levels remained low. Finally, aortic lesions were negatively correlated with isoprostanes and catalase. CONCLUSION An initial exposure to a n-6 PUFA rich diet compared to a MUFA rich diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions and this protection probably involves oxidative stress induced by PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Penumetcha
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Fellowships in Research and Science Teaching (FIRST), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Sorci-Thomas MG, Zabalawi M, Bharadwaj MS, Wilhelm AJ, Owen JS, Asztalos BF, Bhat S, Thomas MJ. Dysfunctional HDL containing L159R ApoA-I leads to exacerbation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:502-12. [PMID: 21944998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mutation L159R apoA-I or apoA-I(L159R) (FIN) is a single amino acid substitution within the sixth helical repeat of apoA-I. It is associated with a dominant negative phenotype, displaying hypoalphaproteinemia and an increased risk for atherosclerosis in humans. Mice lacking both mouse apoA-I and LDL receptor (LDL(-/-), apoA-I(-/-)) (double knockout or DKO) were crossed>9 generations with mice transgenic for human FIN to obtain L159R apoA-I, LDLr(-/-), ApoA-I(-/-) (FIN-DKO) mice. A similar cross was also performed with human wild-type (WT) apoA-I (WT-DKO). In addition, FIN-DKO and WT-DKO were crossed to obtain WT/FIN-DKO mice. To determine the effects of the apoA-I mutations on atherosclerosis, groups of each genotype were fed either chow or an atherogenic diet for 12weeks. Interestingly, the production of dysfunctional HDL-like particles occurred in DKO and FIN-DKO mice. These particles were distinct with respect to size, and their enrichment in apoE and cholesterol esters. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that particles found in the plasma of FIN-DKO mice migrated as large α(3)-HDL. Atherosclerosis analysis showed that FIN-DKO mice developed the greatest extent of aortic cholesterol accumulation compared to all other genotypes, including DKO mice which lack any apoA-I. Taken together these data suggest that the presence of large apoE enriched HDL particles containing apoA-I L159R lack the normal cholesterol efflux promoting properties of HDL, rendering them dysfunctional and pro-atherogenic. In conclusion, large HDL-like particles containing apoE and apoA-I(L159R) contribute rather than protect against atherosclerosis, possibly through defective efflux properties and their potential for aggregation at their site of interaction in the aorta. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Revelas A, Arvanitakis D. The Mediterranean diet: a short review of the health benefits. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2011.10874134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Revelas
- St Nicholas General Hospital, Crete, Greece
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Shamekh R, Linden EH, Newcomb JD, Tigno XT, Jen KLC, Pellizzon MA, Hansen BC. Endogenous and diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in nonhuman primates: effects of age, adiposity, and diabetes on lipoprotein profiles. Metabolism 2011; 60:1165-77. [PMID: 21376354 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) share with humans many features of lipid metabolism and often develop all features of the metabolic syndrome, including hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and have been used in many studies of potential therapeutics during the preclinical phase. Here we identify for the first time in middle-aged and older rhesus the natural occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, and this hypercholesterolemia develops despite maintenance on a low-cholesterol diet. The aims of this study were to (a) define normal and hypercholesterolemia in rhesus monkeys, (b) determine the factors associated with the development of hypercholesterolemia, (c) compare the lipoprotein profiles in adult rhesus monkeys fed a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet (LFLC) with the profiles of human subjects, and (d) determine the effect of a 16-week high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet feeding on total cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in middle-aged and older monkeys. In our colony, maintained on a constant diet with negligible cholesterol, the mean total cholesterol level in healthy nondiabetic monkeys was 3.7 ± 0.02 mmol/L, with hypercholesterolemia identified as the 95th percentile of the normal cholesterol distribution (≥5.2 mmol/L). Severe hypercholesterolemia developed in the HFHC-fed group; however, despite the high-fat diet composition, unexpectedly, no weight gain occurred in these NHPs. The diet-induced hypercholesterolemia differed significantly in lipoprotein pattern from that of the spontaneous hypercholesterolemia. In summary, despite ingesting only a LFLC, NHPs frequently develop hypercholesterolemia, reflecting lipoprotein patterns similar to human subjects; and this lipid profile of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia differs significantly from the hypercholesterolemia induced by an HFHC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Shamekh
- Obesity, Diabetes and Aging Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Wang S, Wu D, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S, Lecker JL, Lichtenstein AH. Enhanced aortic macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in LDL receptor null mice fed an atherogenic diet. Lipids 2010; 45:701-11. [PMID: 20686867 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an atherogenic diet on inflammatory response and elicited peritoneal macrophage (Mphi) cholesterol accumulation in relation to aortic lesion formation was assessed in LDL receptor null (LDLr-/-) mice. Mice were fed an atherogenic or control diet for 32 weeks. The atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in significantly higher plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations, more aortic wall Mphi deposition, higher serum non HDL-cholesterol concentrations and total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios, and greater accumulation of both aortic free and esterified cholesterol. Elicited peritoneal Mphi selectively accumulated longer chain unsaturated fatty acids in their membrane, independent of the dietary fatty acid profile. Elicited peritoneal Mphi isolated from mice fed the atherogenic relative to control diet had significantly less arachidonic acid levels, accumulated significantly higher esterified cholesterol, had significantly higher mRNA levels and secretion of MCP-1, and mRNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette A1. Diet treatment had no significant effect in elicited peritoneal Mphi on TNFalpha and IL-6 mRNA levels and secretion. These data suggest that the atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in higher plasma inflammatory factor concentrations, less favorable lipoprotein profile, higher elicited peritoneal Mphi cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory factor secretion, and more aortic wall Mphi deposition, which in turn were associated with greater aortic cholesterol accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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