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Cohen AK, Snyder RE. Community-Based Participatory Research for Epidemiology, Health Equity, and Community Goals: Insights From Brazil, France, and USA. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024:2752535X241262857. [PMID: 38885632 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x241262857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based participatory research coproduces knowledge by emphasizing bidirectional exchanges between participants, communities, and researchers. PURPOSE, RESEARCH DESIGN, AND STUDY SAMPLE We highlight three studies in historically marginalized communities on separate continents (Richmond, CA, USA; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marseille industrial zone, France) to exemplify how community-based participatory research improves research, offers tangible community benefits, and values residents more than traditional research methods. DATA ANALYSIS We provide insights into the process of conducting meaningful community-based participatory epidemiologic research. RESULTS In each of these communities, community-based participatory research led to high-quality research that helped inform context-appropriate policies and programs to improve health and advance health equity in these communities. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that researchers consistently engage with community members during all phases of research so that they can engage more participants, more deeply in the research process, build local capacity, improve data collection and data quality, as well as increase our understanding of research findings to inform future applied research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Snyder
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Triplett NS, Mbwayo A, Kiche S, Sackey E, AlRasheed R, Okoth DA, Nyaboke OA, Amanya C, Dorsey S. "A problem shared is a problem solved:" integrating human-centered design and implementation science to optimize lay counselor supervision in Western Kenya. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 5:100319. [PMID: 38938452 PMCID: PMC11210373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Implementation science and human-centered design (HCD) offer useful frameworks and methods for considering and designing for individuals' needs and preferences when implementing new interventions or technologies in global health. When used in tandem, the two approaches may blend creative and partnered research methods with a focus on the factors necessary to design, implement, and sustain interventions. However, research is needed that describes the process of blending these two approaches and explores the experiences of community partners. This study builds from a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial in Western Kenya, wherein teachers and community health volunteers have been trained to provide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). Mobile phones emerged as a tool to supervise lay counselors from afar; however, their use was characterized by unique challenges. Informed by human-centered design and implementation science, we first engaged lay counselors (n = 24) and supervisors (n = 3) in individual semi-structured interviews then hosted an in-person participatory workshop to "co-design" solutions to optimize the use of mobile phone supervision. Lay counselors participated in focus group discussions regarding their experiences in the workshop. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. We describe our approach as well as focus group discussion results. Counselors felt the workshop was a valuable experience to learn new strategies from their colleagues, and they enjoyed the "collaborative spirit" that emerged as they worked together. Counselors felt that varying small and large group discussions fostered participation by creating opportunities for more people to engage and share their thoughts. Counselors suggested the approach be improved by providing more tangible materials (e.g., hand-outs) and more closely following a schedule of activities. It is important to also center stakeholders' experiences as partners in the research process. Though counselors largely expressed positive sentiments, they also shared valuable suggestions for how to improve participatory research practices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah S. Triplett
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Mbwayo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sharon Kiche
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Enoch Sackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rashed AlRasheed
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shannon Dorsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tidwell Torres M, Bailey A, Riscia PM, Kang AW. A Systematic Narrative Review of Recent Obesity Interventions with Black Women in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02026-9. [PMID: 38771451 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is to comprehensively review recent obesity interventions for Black women in the United States. METHODS We searched PubMed and EBSCOhost for articles published between 2013 and 2022 using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data from the included articles were extracted. Qualitative themes related to the intervention designs were identified across studies. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were included in the review. Interventions typically aimed to reduce weight by targeting diet and/or physical activity. Intervention activities were delivered virtually and in-person via several formats including didactic content and interactive sessions. Outcomes were assessed through a variety of research designs. Across papers, we identified six key themes of intervention design: integration of technology, centering community and culture, personalization of content, use of social support, skill-building through intervention activities, and addressing comorbid health conditions. CONCLUSIONS To address the obesity epidemic, future research can build upon key lessons learned from recent interventions tailored to Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Tidwell Torres
- Department of Behavioral and Social Science, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amelia Bailey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Science, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patricia Markham Riscia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Science, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Augustine W Kang
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Maas E. Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Past, Present, and Future. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38768073 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this review article were to provide an introduction to and "bird's-eye" overview of the current evidence base for treatment of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), identify some gaps and trends in this rapidly growing literature, and formulate some future research directions, in order to advance the evidence base and clinical practice for children with CAS. METHOD Following a brief introduction outlining important concepts, a narrative review of the CAS treatment literature is provided, and trends and future directions are identified based on this review. The review is organized around four fundamental treatment research questions: (a) "Does Treatment X work?", (b) "Does Treatment X work better than Treatment Y?", (c) "For whom does Treatment X work?", and (d) "What does 'work' mean, anyway?" RESULTS A wide range of CAS treatments with varying degrees of evidence for efficacy exists. Research is beginning to emerge that compares different treatments and seeks to determine optimal treatment parameters. Few studies to date have explored child-level predictors of treatment response, and the evidence base currently is limited in scope with respect to populations and outcomes studied. CONCLUSIONS A growing evidence base supports the efficacy of a number of treatments for CAS. However, many important gaps in the literature were identified that warrant redoubled and sustained research attention. Research is beginning to emerge that addresses treatment optimization, comparison, candidacy, and outcomes. Suggestions for future research are offered, and the concept of a hypothesized pathway was applied to CAS to illustrate how components of an intervention can effect change in a clinical goal and can help guide development and refinement of treatments for children with CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Maas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Reese PP, Powe NR, Lo B. Engineering Equity Into the Promise of Xenotransplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:677-683. [PMID: 37992981 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Two of the greatest challenges facing kidney transplantation are the lack of donated organs and inequities in who receives a transplant. Xenotransplantation holds promise as a treatment approach that could solve the supply problem. Major advances in gene-editing procedures have enabled several companies to raise genetically engineered pigs for organ donation. These porcine organs lack antigens and have other modifications that should reduce the probability of immunological rejection when transplanted into humans. The US Food and Drug Administration and transplantation leaders are starting to chart a path to test xenotransplants in clinical trials and later integrate them into routine clinical care. Here we provide a framework that industry, regulatory authorities, payers, transplantation professionals, and patient groups can implement to promote equity during every stage in this process. We also call for immediate action. Companies developing xenotransplant technology should assemble patient advocacy boards to bring the concerns of individuals with end-stage kidney disease to the forefront. For trials, xenotransplantation companies should partner with transplant programs with substantial patient populations of racial and ethnic minority groups and that have reciprocal relationships with those communities. Those companies and transplant programs should reach out now to those communities to inform them about xenotransplantation and try to address their concerns. These actions have the potential to make these communities full partners in the promise of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Reese
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Neil R Powe
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco at the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bernard Lo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Servais J, Vanhoutte B, Maddy H, Godin I. Ethical and methodological challenges conducting participative research with transgender and gender-diverse young people: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2024; 25:419-438. [PMID: 39055638 PMCID: PMC11268261 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2024.2323524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Research with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) young people is essential to understand their experiences and to be able to propose, implement and adapt 'services' in the broadest sense to meet their needs. However, research outside clinical settings on current experiences and needs of youth under the age of 18 is limited which hinders the development of knowledge on TGD, as well as the development of research informed support practices. Acquiring parental consent for participatory research may present ethical and logistical difficulties, as it could jeopardize the safety, well-being, or confidentiality of adolescent participants. This creates a tension between the adolescent's right to autonomy, privacy, freedom, and all aspects related to the consent of the underage on the one hand, and the parents' right to protect their child on the other hand. This review aims to identify the methodological and ethical challenges associated with participatory research with transgender and gender-diverse young people. Methods We systematically searched bibliometric databases for studies published between 2006 and 2022 and included 4 main conceptual groups: transgender and gender non-conforming, adolescence, qualitative research (including participatory research) and consent. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022368360) in November 2022. Results Of the 3,794 articles initially identified, 291 met the inclusion criteria and 48 were examined. The selected studies were analyzed in the light of four main ethical tensions: involving parents or a trusted person in the consent gathering process, ensuring the protection and safety of young people while respecting confidentiality, and ensuring that spaces are created for transgender and gender-diverse young people to express themselves freely as part of an empowering research process. At the same time, several methodological challenges concerning public and stakeholder participation and recruitment, data collection and analysis as well as research integrity emerged from the selected studies. Conclusion & implications The existing literature of participatory research involving young transgender and gender-diverse individuals underscores the intricate and conflicting aspects, especially concerning power dynamics, empowerment, and the researcher's role. The relevance of these findings extends across various legal frameworks and is applicable to multiple contexts and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Servais
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Vanhoutte
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herby Maddy
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Godin
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ezenwa MO, Smith TB, Richey J, Smith UD, Stern MC, Reams R, Wilkie DJ. Social network analysis of the CaRE 2 health equity center: Team science in full display. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13747. [PMID: 38445540 PMCID: PMC10915722 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer health disparities that exist in the Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino/x communities are scientific challenges, yet there are limited team science approaches to mitigate these challenges. This article's purpose is to evaluate the team science collaborations of the National Institutes of Health-funded Florida-California Cancer Research, Education & Engagement (CaRE2 ) Center partnership underscoring the inclusion of multidisciplinary team members and future under-represented minority (URM) cancer researchers. To understand our collaborative efforts, we conducted a social network analysis (SNA) of the CaRE2 Center partnership among University of Florida, Florida A&M University, and University of Southern California with data collected via the dimensions.ai application programming interface. We downloaded metadata for all publications associated with dimensions.ai IDs. The CaRE2 collaboration network increased over time as evidenced by accruing more external collaborators and more publishing of collaborative works. Degree centrality of key personnel was stable in each wave of the networks. CaRE2 key personnel averaged a total of 60.8 collaborators in 2018-2019 (SD = 57.4, minimum = 3, maximum = 221), and 65.8 collaborators in 2020-2021 (SD = 56.06, minimum = 4, maximum = 222). Betweenness was largely stable across all groups and waves. We observed a steady decline in transitivity, the probability that a pair of CaRE2 co-authors shared a third co-author, from 0.74 in 2018 to 0.47 in 2022. The SNA findings suggest that the CaRE2 Center partnership's publications show growth in team science collaborations with the inclusion of multidisciplinary team members from the three partner institutions and future URM cancer researchers who were mentored as trainees and early-stage investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam O. Ezenwa
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of NursingUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas Bryan Smith
- Bureau of Economic and Business ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Joyce Richey
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Department of Medical EducationKeck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ukamaka D. Smith
- Department of Clinical Affairs, Pharmacy Practice Division, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public HealthFlorida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Renee Reams
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public HealthFlorida Agricultural and Mechanical UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Diana J. Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of NursingUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Heller DJ, Madden D, Berhane T, Bickell NA, Van Hyfte G, Miller S, Ozbek U, Lin JY, M Schwartz R, Lopez RA, Arniella G, Mayer V, Horowitz CR, Benn EK, Vangeepuram N. Emotional and Financial Stressors in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consecutive Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01921-5. [PMID: 38381324 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Mental and financial hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City was severe, but how vulnerable groups have been disproportionately impacted is incompletely understood. In partnership with community stakeholders, we administered a web-based survey to a convenience sample of New York City residents (18 + years) from May 2020 to April 2021 to evaluate their financial and emotional stressors. We analyzed outcomes by race, ethnicity, and education level. A total of 1854 adults completed the survey across three consecutive non-overlapping samples. Fifty-five percent identified other than non-Latinx White. Sixty-four percent reported emotional stress; 38%, 32%, and 32% reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder respectively; and 21% reported a large adverse financial impact. The leading unmet needs were mental health and food services (both 19%), and health services (18%). Need for both resources grew over time. Adverse financial impact directly correlated with presence of all four adverse mental health outcomes above. In multivariate analysis, non-White race and lack of college degree were associated with adverse financial impact, whereas LGBT identity and lack of college degree were associated with mental health impact. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, participants in this research demonstrated a large and growing mental and financial strain, disproportionately associated with lower education level, non-White race, and LGBT status. Our findings suggest an urgent need to differentially target COVID-19 mental health and resource support in New York City to persons in these vulnerable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Heller
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - Devin Madden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Timnit Berhane
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nina A Bickell
- Institute for Health Equity Research (IHER), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Grace Van Hyfte
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Miller
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Umut Ozbek
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jung-Yi Lin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Robert A Lopez
- Treadwell Data, 2738 53rd Ave. SW, Seattle, WA, 98116, USA
| | - Guedy Arniella
- Institute for Family Health, 2006 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA
| | - Victoria Mayer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carol R Horowitz
- Institute for Health Equity Research (IHER), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Emma K Benn
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Kaput J, Monteiro JP. Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:188. [PMID: 38257081 PMCID: PMC10819666 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Large datasets have been used in molecular and genetic research for decades, but only a few studies have included nutrition and lifestyle factors. Our team conducted an n-of-1 intervention with 12 vitamins and five minerals in 9- to 13-year-old Brazilian children and teens with poor healthy-eating indices. A unique feature of the experimental design was the inclusion of a replication arm. Twenty-six types of data were acquired including clinical measures, whole-genome mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and proteomic and a variety of metabolomic measurements over two years. A goal of this study was to use these diverse data sets to discover previously undetected physiological effects associated with a poor diet that include a more complete micronutrient composition. We summarize the key findings of 11 reports from this study that (i) found that LDL and total cholesterol and fasting glucose decreased in the population after the intervention but with inter-individual variation; (ii) associated a polygenic risk score that predicted baseline vitamin B12 levels; (iii) identified metabotypes linking diet intake, genetic makeup, and metabolic physiology; (iv) found multiple biomarkers for nutrient and food groups; and (v) discovered metabolites and proteins that are associated with DNA damage. This summary also highlights the limitations and lessons in analyzing diverse omic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
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Dako F, Cook T, Zafar H, Schnall M. Population Health Management in Radiology: Economic Considerations. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:962-968. [PMID: 37597716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis on population health management (PHM) in the United States, in part because it has the worst health outcomes indices among high-income countries despite spending by far the most on health care. Successful PHM is expected to lead to a healthier population with reduced health care utilization and cost. The role of radiology in PHM is increasingly being recognized, including efforts in care coordination, secondary prevention, and appropriate imaging utilization, among others. To further discuss economic considerations for PHM, we must understand the evolving health care payer environment, which combines fee-for-service and increasingly, an alternative payment model framework developed by the Health Care Payment Learning and Action Network. In considering the term "value-based care," perceived value needs to accrue to those who ultimately pay for care, which is more commonly employers and the government. This perspective drives the design of alternative payment models and thus should be taken into consideration to ensure sustainable practice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Dako
- Director of the Center for Global and Population Health Research in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Tessa Cook
- Vice Chair, Practice Transformation, Department of Radiology, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanna Zafar
- Vice Chair, Quality, Department of Radiology, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Schnall
- Chairman and Eugene P. Pendergrass Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Senior Fellow, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Crabbe DL, Richardson BT, Hausman A, Gardiner H. COVID-19: An opportunity to engage African Americans and women in research on cardiovascular disease. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:482-487. [PMID: 37599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African Americans (AA) have been disproportionately affected with the COVID-19 disease experiencing 30%-60% of the deaths, while only making up 13% of the US population. Early data suggest that pregnant women and those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may experience worse outcomes with severe coronavirus infection. There is an urgent need to incorporate AA and female perspectives into the design of research on the CVD complications related to COVID-19. OBJECTIVES The goal of this project was to incorporate perspectives of AA and female patients in developing research priorities and AN agenda related to COVID-19. Objectives included: (a) develop a strong, research-ready partnership capable of executing PCOR, (b) creation of a research agenda and a set of priorities on racial/sex-specific CVD disparities in COVID-19 which reflects the perspectives of AA's and women; (c) long-term objective is creation of a set of research questions suitable for clinical research using the AHA Registry. METHODS The project used principles of active and adult learning within the framework of capacity building to build a strong, patient-centered vision of research needs. Different methods of obtaining patient input were used to identify questions suitable for research using the America Heart Association COVID-19 CVD Quality Improvement Registry: focus groups and town halls to identify concerns and interests vis-à-vis CVD and COVID research; narrative medicine methods collected compelling real-life, COVID-19 health stories; a research advisory council reviewed and prioritized research questions. RESULTS Outcomes include a replicable method of obtaining patient-oriented input into the creation of a research agenda and a set of research priorities for COVID-19. Outputs include the establishment of a research advisory council and stakeholder training using the PCORI funded, PORTAL program resources; a catalogue of patient generated narratives on COVID-19 experiences in the voice of AAs and women, and a set of research questions suitable for research using the AHA Registry. CONCLUSION The project created a research ready stakeholder network, ready to develop a research agenda about COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Crabbe
- Temple Health Sciences Campus, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, Room 947 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | - Alice Hausman
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Gardiner
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Ali S, Bakht S, Ullah Jan A, Alam I, Almajwal AM, Osaili T, Obaid RS, Faris ME, Cheikh Ismail L, Najah F, Radwan H, Hasan H, Hashim M, AlBlooshi S, Sehar B, Zeb F. An innovative state-of-the-art health storytelling technique for better management of type 2 diabetes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215166. [PMID: 37869196 PMCID: PMC10585594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic lifelong disease that requires long-term prevention and management strategies in a community setting. A health story is a novel technique that may be used as an effective tool for better prevention and management of T2D. Objective The main objective of this study is to develop a story to be used as a social health technique based on contemporary scientific knowledge that may be used at a community level for better communication and management of T2D. Methods A community-academic partnership was formed with a not-for-profit Nutrition Education, Awareness, and Training (NEAT) organization in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We agreed to develop a story that may be used as a health and nutrition education communication tool for better management of patients with T2D. The following phases were followed during the story creation process: (1) the theory phase, (2) the modeling phase, and (3) the evaluation phase. Raters evaluated the story to determine its literary and scientific quality, comprehensiveness, and T2D specificity. Results The title of the story translated into English is "The Story of Diabetes-The Story of Success." It is text based and contains 86 pages in the local language, "Pashto," with an English translation. The story is divided into five chapters and describes the initial diagnosis, fear associated with the disease, issues related to referral to certified practitioners, the importance of a balanced diet, and related lifestyle habits. After story evaluation, the raters suggested its literary and scientific quality, comprehensiveness, and T2D specificity (Pearson correlation scores of >0.8). Conclusion This unique story was created for T2D and found to be of significant quality in terms of its literary and scientific quality, as well as its comprehensiveness and diabetes specificity. As a result, it may be suggested that it can be used in subsequent studies to improve T2D management among adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Ali
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Bakht
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ullah Jan
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Agriculture (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Ali Madi Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reyad Shakir Obaid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAllslam Ezzat Faris
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Najah
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haydar Hasan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharifa AlBlooshi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Oridota O, Shetty A, Elaiho CR, Phelps L, Cheng S, Vangeepuram N. Perspectives from diverse stakeholders in a youth community-based participatory research project. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 99:102305. [PMID: 37178515 PMCID: PMC10330503 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TEEN HEED (Help Educate to Eliminate Diabetes) is a community-based youth participatory action research (YPAR) study in which prediabetic adolescents from a predominantly low-income, non-white neighborhood in New York City participated in a peer-led diabetes prevention intervention. The aim of the current analysis is to evaluate the TEEN HEED program through examination of multiple stakeholder perspectives to identify strengths and areas for improvement that may inform other YPAR projects. METHODS We conducted 44 individual in-depth interviews with representatives from six stakeholder groups (study participants, peer leaders, study interns and coordinators, and younger and older community action board members). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify overarching themes. RESULTS Dominant themes identified were: 1) YPAR principles and engagement, 2) Youth engagement through peer education, 3) Challenges and motivations for research participation, 4) Study improvements and sustainability, and 5) Professional and personal impacts of the study. CONCLUSIONS Emergent themes from this study provided insights on the value of youth participation in research and informed recommendations for future YPAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Shetty
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Cordelia R Elaiho
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - LaTanya Phelps
- TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Stephen Cheng
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai TEEN HEED Intern, USA
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
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14
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Dindo L, Chaison A, Rodrigues M, Woods K, Mark A, Boykin D. Feasibility of delivering a virtual 1-day acceptance and commitment therapy workshop to rural veterans through community partnerships. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 34:101178. [PMID: 37409189 PMCID: PMC10318448 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This single-arm, open pilot study examined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 1-day virtual Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group workshop for distressed veterans. Methods We collaborated with veteran-serving community-based organizations to enhance outreach to veterans, especially those in rural areas. Veterans completed a baseline assessment and two follow-up assessments (1 month, 3 months) after workshop participation. Feasibility outcomes included reach (workshop recruitment and completion rates; veteran characteristics) and acceptability (open-ended survey question about satisfaction). Clinical outcomes included psychological distress (Outcome Questionnaire-45), stressor-related distress (PTSD Checklist-5), community reintegration (Military to Civilian Questionnaire), and meaning and purpose (PROMIS Short Form). Psychological flexibility (Action and Acceptance Questionnaire-II) - the proposed change mechanism underlying ACT - was also measured. Results Sixty-four veterans (50% rural, 39% self-identified as female) participated in a virtual workshop (97.1% completion rate). Overall, veterans liked the format and interactive nature of workshops. Convenience was noted as a benefit, while connectivity issues were highlighted as a drawback. Veterans showed improvements in psychological distress (F(2,109) = 3.30; p = 0.041), stressor-related distress (F(2,110) = 9.50; p = 0.0002), community reintegration (F(2,108) = 4.34; p = 0.015), and meaning and purpose (F(2,100) = 4.06; p = 0.020) over time. No between-group differences were detected, based on rurality or gender. Conclusion Pilot findings were promising and warrant a larger randomized trial to assess the efficacy of the 1-day virtual ACT workshop. Integrating community-engaged and participatory-research designs can enhance the external validity of these future studies and promote greater health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Dindo
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City (VRHRC-IC), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelic Chaison
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Merlyn Rodrigues
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Woods
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- South Central Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Mark
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Derrecka Boykin
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Iowa City (VRHRC-IC), Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Amorin-Woods LG, Woods BL, Mullings BL, Vindigni D, Losco BE. Future Research by the Australian Chiropractic Profession: Analysis of Comments and Suggestions From a Nationwide Survey of Academics and Practitioners. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2023:S0161-4754(23)00028-3. [PMID: 37422749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the research priorities of Australian practicing chiropractors and academics across listed research domains and to seek their views on existing chiropractic research strategies. Concurrent objectives were to gain insight into the perspectives on characteristics of research and solicit ideas and suggestions for future research from both groups. METHODS This study used a mixed-method research design to collect data using an online survey portal. Australian chiropractic academics (n = 220) and practicing chiropractors who were also members of a nationally representative, practice-based research network database (n = 1680) were invited to participate. Data were collected (February 19, 2019, to May 24, 2019). The free-text data were analyzed primarily via semantic coding and verbatim referential units in cases where the category was an exact match for the textual data. Content analyses of the qualitative data were presented in a tabulated and narrative manner as identified domains. Selected representative examples were provided verbatim. RESULTS The response rate for the survey was 44% for full-time equivalent academics, 8% for casuals and part-time chiropractic academics, and 21.5% for Australian Chiropractic Research Network database chiropractic practitioners. Open-text data comprised a narrower focus on musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and opposition or reservations by academics and some practitioners toward the research agenda of those espousing traditional concepts and terminology. Comments from both groups illustrate the strongly held views that characterize divergent factions of the chiropractic profession. Some practitioners were highly critical of the narrow focus and epistemological paradigm of Australian university-based research, while others were strongly supportive of the traditional focus of the Australian Spinal Research Foundation. Australian academics at the 4 university-based programs held the view that MSK and spinal pain, for which some evidence already exists, should be the priority of future research, building on what is known. Practitioners believed that future research should be directed toward expanded areas such as basic science, younger populations, and non-MSK conditions. Respondents were sharply divided on attitudes toward traditional chiropractic terminology, concepts, and philosophy and the utility of future research on these topics. CONCLUSION Our qualitative findings suggest there is a division in the Australian chiropractic profession regarding research direction and priorities. This divide exists between academics and researchers and within field practitioners. This study highlights the attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of important stakeholder groups, which should be considered by decision-makers when formulating research policy, strategy, and prioritization of funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon G Amorin-Woods
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University Chiropractic Clinic, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Beau L Woods
- Australian Chiropractic College, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Private practice, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Mullings
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University Chiropractic Clinic, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dein Vindigni
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barrett E Losco
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University Chiropractic Clinic, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Whitaker M, Aguirre MC, Gutierrez Chavez M, Beaulieu E, Arones YB, Gershenoff D, Hinton K, Klein N, Munezerou Uwizeye J, Napia E, Ramos C, Tavake-Pasi OF, Villalta J, Wolfsfeld C, Witte B, Maxfield E, Raphael K, Simmons DL, Clark L, Sher T, Smith TW, Baucom KJ. Couple-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised pilot trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068623. [PMID: 36797025 PMCID: PMC9936286 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is prevalent among US adults. Lifestyle interventions that modify health behaviours prevent or delay progression to diabetes among individuals at high risk. Despite the well-documented influence of individuals' social context on their health, evidence-based type 2 diabetes prevention interventions do not systematically incorporate participants' romantic partners. Involving partners of individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in primary prevention may improve engagement and outcomes of programmes. The randomised pilot trial protocol described in this manuscript will evaluate a couple-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes. The objective of the trial is to describe the feasibility of the couple-based intervention and the study protocol to guide planning of a definitive randomised clinical trial (RCT). METHODS AND ANALYSIS We used community-based participatory research principles to adapt an individual diabetes prevention curriculum for delivery to couples. This parallel two-arm pilot study will include 12 romantic couples in which at least one partner (ie, 'target individual') is at risk for type 2 diabetes. Couples will be randomised to either the 2021 version of the CDC's PreventT2 curriculum designed for delivery to individuals (six couples), or PreventT2 Together, the adapted couple-based curriculum (six couples). Participants and interventionists will be unblinded, but research nurses collecting data will be blinded to treatment allocation. Feasibility of the couple-based intervention and the study protocol will be assessed using both quantitative and qualitative measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the University of Utah IRB (#143079). Findings will be shared with researchers through publications and presentations. We will collaborate with community partners to determine the optimal strategy for communicating findings to community members. Results will inform a subsequent definitive RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05695170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Whitaker
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Monique C Aguirre
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Beaulieu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yeny B Arones
- Hispanic Health Care Task Force, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kristie Hinton
- Urban Indian Center of Salt Lake, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Natalie Klein
- Lifestyle Coach and Master Trainer Select, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Eru Napia
- Department of Health, Office of American Indian and Alaska Native Health Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brieanne Witte
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ellen Maxfield
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kalani Raphael
- Department of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Debra L Simmons
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Salt Lake City Veterans Administration, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lauren Clark
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tamara Sher
- College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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17
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Haw J, Holloway K, Goldman M. How do we forecast tomorrow's transfusion? Applying social science approaches to meet tomorrow's transfusion needs: Blood donors and donation. Transfus Clin Biol 2023; 30:47-51. [PMID: 36372196 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Haw
- Medical Affairs & Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Canada, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Kelly Holloway
- Medical Affairs & Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada; Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 475, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada.
| | - Mindy Goldman
- Medical Affairs & Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Canada, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Suite 2044, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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18
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Bigelow LB. Mindfulness Meditation Programs Informed by Transgender Youth. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:128-140. [PMID: 36590761 PMCID: PMC9792306 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study explores the openness of transgender and gender diverse youth and young adults (TGDY) to mindfulness meditation programs in order to create culturally informed interventions to benefit this population. Method Two focus groups were conducted with a total of ten TGDY ages 14-24 years old at a transgender youth health center in a large metropolitan city in the USA. A 10-min guided mindfulness meditation was included for participants to experience and voice reactions to. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to measure the quantitative impact of the meditation on participants' anxiety and thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Results Reflexive Thematic Analysis on qualitative focus group data revealed the following four themes: Active in Self-care, Silent Meditation Is "Not for Me," Guided Mindfulness Calms and Connects, and Program Ideas for Future. STAI results indicated a statistically significant reduction in anxiety following participation in the group meditation. Conclusions Participants were open to mindfulness as an additional method of self-care, and they emphasized future programs should include sensory stimulation, a pressure-free environment accepting of active minds and bodies, and a transgender instructor if possible. Meditation and mindfulness have the potential to be a very powerful healing modality for TGDY in clinical and therapeutic care. Preregistration This study is not preregistered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-02048-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou B. Bigelow
- grid.239546.f0000 0001 2153 6013Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA ,grid.462719.f0000 0000 9562 7279Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, USA
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Yeh MC, Lau W, Gong Z, Horlyck-Romanovsky M, Tung HJ, Zhu L, Ma GX, Wylie-Rosett J. Development of a Web-Based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Chinese Americans: A Formative Evaluation Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:599. [PMID: 36612919 PMCID: PMC9819952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that an online Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. However, little has been done for Chinese Americans. This study, using Community-Based Participatory Research and Intervention Mapping approaches, describes a formative research process in the development of a culturally and linguistically tailored online DPP program among Chinese Americans with prediabetes living in New York City. Using a triangulation approach, data were collected to inform the development of an online DPP curriculum through (1) a literature review, (2) three focus groups (n = 24), and (3) a community advisory board meeting among 10 key informants knowledgeable in community needs, diabetes care, and lifestyle interventions. Participants indicated online DPPs would be very useful and easily accessible. However, key barriers including low computer skills/literacy and technology self-efficacy were identified. In addition, taking meal photos and tracking pedometer steps daily were found to be acceptable self-motoring tools for sustaining a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, the integration of features such as text message reminders and the creation of social support groups into the online DPP curriculum was proposed to minimize attrition. This theory-based formative research to develop a culturally and linguistically appropriate web-based DPP curriculum was well-received by Chinese Americans and warrants testing in future intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chin Yeh
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wincy Lau
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zoey Gong
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Margrethe Horlyck-Romanovsky
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11210, USA
| | - Ho-Jui Tung
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Grace X. Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Springer P, Franzen-Castle L, Gratopp E, Schmader B. What is a healthy community? Refugee youth’s perspective on freedom, safety, and trust: a photovoice project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2692398x.2022.2135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Springer
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lisa Franzen-Castle
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emily Gratopp
- Lancaster County Extension, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brenna Schmader
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Loukes KA, Anderson S, Beardy J, Rondeau MC, Robidoux MA. Wapekeka's COVID-19 Response: A Local Response to a Global Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11562. [PMID: 36141860 PMCID: PMC9517115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many nations and communities continue to grapple with waves of infection and social fallout from pandemic fatigue and frustration. While we are still years away from realizing the full impacts of COVID-19, reflecting on our collective responses has offered some insights into the impact that various public health policies and decisions had on nations' abilities to weather the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic. Widely believed to have the potential to be devastated by COVID-19, many Indigenous communities in Canada were extremely successful in managing outbreaks. This paper outlines one such example, Wapekeka First Nation, and the community's formidable response to the pandemic with a specific focus on food mobilization efforts. Built on over a decade of community-based participatory action research and informed by six interviews with key pandemic leaders in the community, this paper, co-led by two community hunters and band council members, emphasizes the various decisions and initiatives that led to Wapekeka's successful pandemic response. Proactive leadership, along with strong traditional harvesting and processing efforts, helped to take care of the community while they remained strictly isolated from virus exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira A. Loukes
- School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks, and Tourism, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
- Indigenous Health Research Group (IHRG), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Stan Anderson
- Wapekeka First Nation, Angling Lake, ON P0V1B0, Canada
| | - Jonas Beardy
- Wapekeka First Nation, Angling Lake, ON P0V1B0, Canada
| | | | - Michael A. Robidoux
- Indigenous Health Research Group (IHRG), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
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22
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Haines J, Du JT, Trevorrow AE. Cultural use of
ICT4D
to promote Indigenous knowledge continuity of Ngarrindjeri stories and communal practices. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelina Haines
- UniSA STEM University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Jia Tina Du
- UniSA STEM University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
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Engaging the Houston Community in Research: An Early Case Study of a Community Engagement Core in the University of Houston's HEALTH Center for Addictions Research and Cancer Prevention. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 9:1017-1036. [PMID: 36407873 PMCID: PMC9674334 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.9.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities-funded U54 Research Center at the University of Houston addresses disparate racial/ethnic health outcomes related to cancer and substance abuse. Of its 4 cores, the Community Engagement Core involves the impacted community in affiliated research. Strategies include implementing community advisory boards, assisting with study design and execution, maintaining a social media presence, and publishing health-related videos for the community. We examine the early effectiveness of these strategies. Methods Data collection included surveying investigators and community advisory board members and monitoring traffic to videos and social media posts. Results On a Likert scale survey of investigators (4 = "agree" and 5 = "strongly agree"), the mean rating for a prompt expressing satisfaction with services received was 4.67 (SD = 0.52; N = 6). On a Likert scale survey of community advisory board members, the mean rating for a prompt expressing belief that feedback was taken seriously was 5.00 (SD = 0.00; N = 9). Conclusions The Community Engagement Core is building trusting relationships between researchers and community members. We discuss lessons learned that may inform both our growth and others' efforts to implement community-engaged research.
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Davis L, Aylward A, Buchanan R. Trauma-Informed Yoga: Investigating an Intervention for Mitigating Adverse Childhood Experiences in Rural Contexts. EDUCATIONAL STUDIES 2022; 58:530-559. [PMID: 36654845 PMCID: PMC9844967 DOI: 10.1080/00131946.2022.2102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a state ravaged by suicide and a mental health crisis, this study sought to mitigate impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive and anxiety symptomology in high school students in a rural Montana community. Through a seven-week, twice weekly intervention of trauma-informed yoga, participants experienced statistically significant reductions in anxiety (GAD-7) and increases in Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ-11) overall scores and some subscales; noteworthy improvements were also present in depressive symptomatology (PHQ-A), salivary cortisol levels, and sleep duration. Importantly, participant qualitative feedback indicated significant benefits in focus, relaxation, and overall well-being. Further research is needed to imply generalizability and should include a larger, more diverse sample as well as utilization of control groups and an examination of academic and behavioral impacts at the school level.
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Giosa JL, Saari M, Holyoke P, Hirdes JP, Heckman GA. Developing an evidence-informed model of long-term life care at home for older adults with medical, functional and/or social care needs in Ontario, Canada: a mixed methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060339. [PMID: 35953249 PMCID: PMC9379487 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges within the Canadian healthcare system and reinforced the need for long-term care (LTC) reform to prioritise building an integrated continuum of services to meet the needs of older adults. Almost all Canadians want to live, age and receive care at home, yet funding for home and community-based care and support services is limited and integration with primary care and specialised geriatric services is sparse. Optimisation of existing home and community care services would equip the healthcare system to proactively meet the needs of older Canadians and enhance capacity within the hospital and residential care sectors to facilitate access and reduce wait times for those whose needs are best served in these settings. The aim of this study is to design a model of long-term 'life care' at home (LTlifeC model) to sustainably meet the needs of a greater number of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be applied across three phases. In the quantitative phase, secondary data analysis will be applied to historical Ontario Home Care data to develop unique groupings of patient needs according to known predictors of residential LTC home admission, and to define unique patient vignettes using dominant care needs. In the qualitative phase, a modified eDelphi process and focus groups will engage community-based clinicians, older adults and family caregivers in the development of needs-based home care packages. The third phase involves triangulation to determine initial model feasibility. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received ethics clearance from the University of Waterloo Research Ethics Board (ORE #42182). Results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and local, national and international conferences. Other forms of knowledge mobilisation will include webinars, policy briefs and lay summaries to elicit support for implementation and pilot testing phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L Giosa
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- SE Research Centre, SE Health, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Saari
- SE Research Centre, SE Health, Markham, Ontario, Canada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Holyoke
- SE Research Centre, SE Health, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Heckman
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Mantey DS, Omega-Njemnobi O, Hunt ET, Lanza K, Cristol B, Kelder SH. Home Smoke-Free Policies as Children Age: Urban, Rural, and Suburban Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1985-1993. [PMID: 35901848 PMCID: PMC9653085 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents/guardians can effectively reduce tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among youth by adopting and enforcing rules against indoor tobacco smoking (ie, home smoke-free policies). We investigate home smoke-free policies from childhood to adolescence in the United States and across rural, suburban, and urban households. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health data from n = 5,955 parents of youth aged 0-17, living at home with a tobacco smoker in the United States (U.S). Geographical categories were: rural, suburban, and urban. Home smoke-free policy reflected prohibiting tobacco smoking inside the home. Weighted logistic regressions examined the (1) association between youth age and home smoke-free policies, (2) interaction between geographic category and youth age, and (3) differing associations between youth age and home smoke-free policies by geography. Models controlled for youth race, ethnicity, sex, parental education, household annual income, and home structure. RESULTS Approximately 13.2% of U.S. households with a smoker did not have a home smoke-free policy. Stratified analyses found one-year increase in youth age was associated with lower odds of having a home smoke-free policy in rural (aOR:0.91; 95%CI: 0.87-0.95) and urban (aOR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.92-1.00; p = .039), but not suburban (aOR:1.00; 95%CI: 0.95-1.05) households, controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION Odds of having a smoke-free home in the U.S. declined significantly in rural (9% per year) and urban (4%) but not suburban (0%) households. We quantify declines in home smoke-free policies as children age and identify geographic disparities for this environmental determinant of health. IMPLICATIONS Health promotion efforts targeting secondhand smoke prevention is needed, particularly for parents of older youth. Furthermore, there is a clear geographic bias in secondhand smoke exposure among all youth particularly older youth. Tailored interventions are needed to address geographic disparities in secondhand smoke exposure among rural and urban youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Mantey
- Corresponding Author: Dale S. Mantey, PhD, MPA, UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA. Telephone: 254-541-2797; Fax: 512-482-6185; E-mail:
| | - Onyinye Omega-Njemnobi
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Ethan T Hunt
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Kevin Lanza
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Benjamin Cristol
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Steven H Kelder
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Cai HTN, Tran HT, Nguyen YHT, Vu GQT, Tran TP, Bui PB, Nguyen HTT, Pham TQ, Lai AT, Van Nuil JI, Lewycka S. Challenges and Lessons Learned in the Development of a Participatory Learning and Action Intervention to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance: Experiences From Northern Vietnam. Front Public Health 2022; 10:822873. [PMID: 35958847 PMCID: PMC9362799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in the community for humans and animals is high in Vietnam, driven by easy access to over-the counter medicines and poor understanding of the role of antibiotics. This has contributed to antibiotic resistance levels that are amongst the highest in the world. To address this problem, we developed a participatory learning and action (PLA) intervention. Here we describe challenges and lessons learned while developing and testing this intervention in preparation for a large-scale One Health trial in northern Vietnam. We tested the PLA approach using community-led photography, and then reflected on how this approach worked in practice. We reviewed and discussed implementation documentation and developed and refined themes. Five main themes were identified related to challenges and lessons learned: understanding the local context, stakeholder relationship development, participant recruitment, building trust and motivation, and engagement with the topic of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Partnerships with national and local authorities provided an important foundation for building relationships with communities, and enhanced visibility and credibility of activities. Partnership development required managing relationships, clarifying roles, and accommodating different management styles. When recruiting participants, we had to balance preferences for top-down and bottom-up approaches. Building trust and motivation took time and was challenged by limited study team presence in the community. Open discussions around expectations and appropriate incentives were re-visited throughout the process. Financial incentives provided initial motivation to participate, while less tangible benefits like collective knowledge, social connections, desire to help the community, and new skills, sustained longer-term motivation. Lack of awareness and perceived importance of the problem of AMR, affected initial motivation. Developing mutual understanding through use of common and simplified language helped when discussing the complexities of this topic. A sense of ownership emerged as the study progressed and participants understood more about AMR, how it related to their own concerns, and incorporated their own ideas into activities. PLA can be a powerful way of stimulating community action and bringing people together to tackle a common problem. Understanding the nuances of local power structures, and allowing time for stakeholder relationship development and consensus-building are important considerations when designing engagement projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang Thi Tran
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Huong Thi Thu Nguyen
- Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Lewycka
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sonia Lewycka
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Yeh MC, Lau W, Chen S, Wong A, Tung HJ, Ma GX, Wylie-Rosett J. Adaptation of diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans - a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1325. [PMID: 35820882 PMCID: PMC9274623 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that a culturally and linguistically tailored Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can be effective in reducing diabetes risk in Chinese Americans. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural and linguistic acceptability of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevent T2 curriculum in an online format in the Chinese American community in New York City (NYC). METHODS Three focus groups among a total of 24 Chinese Americans with prediabetes and one community advisory board (CAB) meeting with 10 key stakeholders with expertise in diabetes care and lifestyle interventions were conducted. Each focus group lasted approximately 1 to 1.5 h. All groups were moderated by a bilingual moderator in Chinese. The sessions were audiotaped, transcribed and translated to English for analysis. Using Atlas.ti software and open coding techniques, two researchers analyzed transcripts for thematic analysis. RESULTS Five key themes were identified: barriers to behavioral changes, feedback on curriculum content and suggestions, web-based intervention acceptability, web-based intervention feasibility, and web-based intervention implementation and modifications. Participants with prediabetes were found to have high acceptability of web-based DPP interventions. Suggestions for the curriculum included incorporating Chinese American cultural foods and replacing photos of non-Asians with photos of Asians. Barriers included lack of access to the internet, different learning styles and low technology self-efficacy for older adults. CONCLUSION Although the acceptability of web-based DPP in the Chinese American community in NYC is high, our focus group findings indicated that the major concern is lack of internet access and technical support. Providing support, such as creating an orientation manual for easy online program access for future participants, is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chin Yeh
- grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Wincy Lau
- grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Siqian Chen
- grid.257167.00000 0001 2183 6649Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Ada Wong
- grid.416112.1Chinese Community Partnership for Health, New York Presbyterian-Lower Manhattan Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Ho-Jui Tung
- grid.256302.00000 0001 0657 525XDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA USA
| | - Grace X. Ma
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
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Bornheimer LA, Li Verdugo J, Holzworth J, Im V, Smith FN, Sliwa H, Taylor SF, King CA, Florence T, Tarrier N, Himle JA. Modifying a cognitive behavioral suicide prevention treatment for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community mental health. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114505. [PMID: 35290884 PMCID: PMC9373852 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is among the leading causes of death for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Given a paucity of evidence-based interventions tailored for psychosis, we sought to modify a promising Cognitive-Behavioral Suicide Prevention for psychosis (CBSPp) treatment for adults in US community mental health (CMH) settings using community-based participatory research methods. This article presents our modification methodology, stakeholder data and scholarly expert input, and CBSPp adaptations prior to future intervention testing. Stakeholder data (n = 25) were collected from clients, providers, and peer advocates in a CMH setting in Michigan. Findings were subsequently presented to a panel of scholarly experts in the fields of suicide and psychosis research, intervention research, and implementation science for input. Emerging themes from stakeholders include logistic, perceptual, and clinical challenges in the process of introducing this treatment in a CMH setting. Consistent with literature, buy-in and support for the delivery of a new treatment emerged as important factors in modifying and implementing CBSPp. A final modification list is presented in this paper and collaborations among stakeholders, researchers, and scholarly experts are essential to navigate psychosocial treatment innovation barriers with an overall goal of improving access, feasibility, and quality of this suicide prevention treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Bornheimer
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan; University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | - Joshua Holzworth
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vitalis Im
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fonda N Smith
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hannah Sliwa
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cheryl A King
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Joseph A Himle
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan; University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Brand F, Dendler L, Fiack S, Schulze A, Böl GF. [Risk communication of policy advising scientific organisations: a thematic outline using the example of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:599-607. [PMID: 35380241 PMCID: PMC8980784 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Regulierungswissenschaftliche Organisationen wie das Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) sehen sich in ihrer wissenschaftsbasierten Risikokommunikation mit diversen Herausforderungen konfrontiert: Einerseits wird die Kommunikation gesundheitlicher Risiken immer komplexer und dementsprechend voraussetzungsreicher, weshalb unter anderem Fragen nach der Gesundheitskompetenz von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern sowie zielgruppengerechter Risikokommunikation an Bedeutung gewinnen. Andererseits sehen sich die Wissensbestände regulierungswissenschaftlicher Organisationen zunehmend der Politisierung und öffentlichen Kritik ausgesetzt. In diesem Rahmen werden Fragen nach der Objektivität und Vertrauenswürdigkeit von Gutachten, Risikobewertungen und Stellungnahmen sowie der Legitimierung und Reputation regulierungswissenschaftlicher Organisationen relevant. Zusätzlich intensiviert wird dies durch das Aufkommen neuer Akteure in den sozialen Medien, die eigene Informations- und Kommunikationsmaterialien produzieren und veröffentlichen. In diesem Kontext verbreitete Fehl‑, Des- und Malinformationen stellen eine weitere Herausforderung dar, welche eng mit Fragen nach einer adäquaten Kommunikation über gesundheitliche Risiken sowie der Stabilisierung von Legitimität, Reputation und Vertrauenswürdigkeit zusammenhängt. Der Artikel diskutiert verschiedene Lösungsansätze, darunter die Optimierung und visuelle Aufbereitung von Gesundheitsinformationen, die Ermöglichung gesellschaftlicher Partizipation und die Einbettung dieser Maßnahmen in das strategische Stakeholder- und Reputationsmanagement. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Aufruf zu offenerer Diskussion inhärenter Dilemmata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Brand
- Abteilung Risikokommunikation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Leonie Dendler
- Abteilung Risikokommunikation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Suzan Fiack
- Abteilung Risikokommunikation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Annett Schulze
- Abteilung Risikokommunikation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Gaby-Fleur Böl
- Abteilung Risikokommunikation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
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Physical Activity Experiences of South Asian Migrant Women in Western Australia: Implications for Intervention Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063585. [PMID: 35329275 PMCID: PMC8955647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity are widely recognised; however, physical activity uptake remains low in South Asian populations. South Asian migrant women face health risks as they adapt to new cultures, and these risks are often intensified through their limited participation in physical activity as one of the behaviours that promote positive health outcomes. Three focus group discussions with sixteen South Asian migrant women aged between 33 and 64 years, with a median age of 48 years and who live in Western Australia, were conducted. Thematic analysis of the transcribed qualitative data was completed to explore and uncover South Asian women’s experiences with physical activity, as well as their motivation, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about physical activity. Five major themes emerged after coding and analysing the data. The themes included the women’s knowledge of physical activity, their general attitudes and beliefs surrounding physical activity, the advantages and disadvantages of participation in physical activity, their experiences with physical activity, and the barriers, challenges, and facilitators surrounding physical activity. Recommendations are proposed to increase physical activity among this group to improve overall health and wellbeing and implications for intervention development are discussed.
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Jackson DN, Sehgal N, Baur C. Benefits of mHealth Co-design for African American and Hispanic Adults: Multi-Method Participatory Research for a Health Information App. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e26764. [PMID: 35262496 PMCID: PMC8943540 DOI: 10.2196/26764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participatory research methodologies can provide insight into the use of mobile health (mHealth) apps, cultural preferences and needs, and health literacy issues for racial and ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Hispanics who experience health disparities. Objective This methodological paper aims to describe a 1-year multi-method participatory research process that directly engaged English-speaking African American and bilingual or Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults in designing a prevention-focused, personalized mHealth, information-seeking smartphone app. We report design team participants’ experiences with the methods to show why our approach is valuable in producing apps that are more aligned with their needs. Methods Three design sessions were conducted to inform the iteration of a prevention-focused, personalized mHealth, information-seeking app. The research team led sessions with 2 community member design teams. Design team participants described their goals, motives, and interests regarding prevention information using different approaches, such as collage and card sorting (design session 1), interaction with the app prototype (design session 2), and rating of cultural appropriateness strategies (design session 3). Results Each design team had 5 to 6 participants: 2 to 3 male participants and 3 female participants aged between 30 and 76 years. Design team participants shared their likes and dislikes about the sessions and the overall experience of the design sessions. Both African American and Hispanic teams reported positive participation experience. The primary reasons included the opportunity for their views to be heard, collectively working together in the design process, having their apprehension about mHealth reduced, and an opportunity to increase their knowledge of how they could manage their health through mHealth. The feedback from each session informed the following design sessions and a community-engaged process. In addition, the specific findings for each design session informed the design of the app for both communities. Conclusions This multi-method participatory research process revealed 4 key lessons learned and recommendations for future research in mHealth app design for African Americans and Hispanics. Lesson 1—community partnerships are key because they provide the chain of trust that helps African American and Hispanic participants feel comfortable participating in app research. Lesson 2—community-based participatory research principles continue to yield promising results to engage these populations in mHealth research. Lesson 3—interactive design sessions uncover participants’ needs and development opportunities for mHealth tools. Lesson 4—multiple design sessions with different methods provide an in-depth understanding of participants’ mHealth preferences and needs. Future developers should consider these methods and lessons to ensure health apps in the marketplace contribute to eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devlon N Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center for Health Literacy, Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center for Health Literacy, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Neil Sehgal
- Department of Health and Policy Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia Baur
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center for Health Literacy, Center for Health Equity, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.,Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center for Health Literacy, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Wieland ML, Njeru JW, Asiedu GB, Zeratsky KA, Clark MM, Goetze R, Patten CA, Kelpin SS, Novotny P, Lantz K, Ahmed Y, Molina L, Porraz Capetillo G, Osman A, Goodson M, Sia I. Pilot Social Network Weight Loss Intervention With Two Immigrant Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:458-471. [PMID: 35073499 PMCID: PMC8792912 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211053450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a social network weight loss intervention delivered by lay health promoters (HPs) to immigrant populations. Design Single-arm, non-randomized, pilot study of a social network weight loss intervention developed by a community-based participatory research partnership and delivered by HPs. Setting Community-based setting in Southeastern Minnesota, United States. Sample Somali and Hispanic immigrants to the United States: 4 social networks of adults (2 Hispanic and 2 Somali) with 39 network participants. Intervention Twelve-week behavioral weight loss intervention delivered by HPs (4 weeks in-person and then 8 weeks virtual). Measures Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention rates. Acceptability was assessed by surveys and focus groups with HPs and participants. Behavioral measures included servings of fruits and vegetables, drinking soda, and physical activity. Physiologic measures included weight, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Analysis Paired t-tests of pre- to post-intervention changes at the end of 12 weeks of treatment. Results Recruitment was feasible and post-intervention was 100%. Participants highly rated the intervention on satisfaction, motivation, and confidence to eat a healthy diet, be physically active, and lose weight. Participants were motivated by group social support and cohesion of their social networks. On average, participants lost weight (91.6 ± 15.9 to 89.7 ± 16.6 kg, P < .0001), lowered their systolic blood pressure (133.9±16.9 to 127.2 ± 15.8 mm Hg; P < .001), lowered their diastolic blood pressure (81 ± 9.5 to 75.8 ± 9.6 mm Hg; P < .0001), had more servings of vegetables per day (1.9 ± 1.2 to 2.6 ± 1.4; P < .001), and increased their physical activity (2690 ± 3231 to 6595 ± 7322 MET-minutes per week; P = .02). Conclusion This pilot study of 2 immigrant communities who participated in a peer-led weight loss social network intervention delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability. Participants lost weight, improved their health status, and improved their health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wieland
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jane W Njeru
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gladys B Asiedu
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine A Zeratsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Nutrition, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Goetze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christi A Patten
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sydney S Kelpin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul Novotny
- Health Sciences Research, Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kiley Lantz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yahye Ahmed
- Somali American Social Services Association, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luz Molina
- Language Services, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Osman
- Intercultural Mutual Assistance Association, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Miriam Goodson
- Alliance of Chicanos, Hispanics and Latin Americans, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene Sia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, 6915Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ellery J, Ellery PJ. Beyond Services and Prescriptions: Reimagining Healthy Lifestyle Centers as Cooperative Enterprises. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:46-50. [PMID: 35185426 PMCID: PMC8848124 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211044700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the health-enhancing benefits of exercise and good nutrition have been well documented, the ability of health professionals to encourage healthier lifestyle behaviors among those they serve continues to prove challenging. Creating the conditions where healthier living can both occur and be sustained requires thinking beyond the traditional provision of services and prescriptions that occur in healthcare settings. Healthy Lifestyle Centers are emerging as a way of deploying lifestyle medicine practices. Turning these centers into cooperative businesses has the potential to make them more effective. Cooperative business principles are well established, and they enable individuals to become makers and producers of their own healthy lifestyles, providing a greater opportunity for sustained lifestyles changes. The purpose of this article is to further examine the role of engagement practices and coproduction as they relate to cooperative business models and to propose a framework for a Cooperative Healthy Lifestyle Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ellery
- Jane Ellery, School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
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Community-Based Participatory Research and Human-Centered Design Principles to Advance Hearing Health Equity. Ear Hear 2022; 43:33S-44S. [PMID: 35724253 PMCID: PMC9219558 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inclusive and equitable research is an ethical imperative. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) as well as human-centered design are approaches that center partnership between community members and academic researchers. Together, academic-community research teams iteratively study community priorities, collaboratively develop ethical study designs, and co-create innovations that are accessible and meaningful to the community partners while advancing science. The foundation of the CBPR approach is reliant on its core principles of equity, colearning, shared power in decision-making, reciprocity, and mutual benefit. While the CBPR approach has been used extensively in public health and other areas of healthcare research, the approach is relatively new to audiology, otolaryngology, and hearing health research. The purpose of the present article is to advance an understanding of the CBPR approach, along with principles from human-centered design, in the context of research aimed to advance equity and access in hearing healthcare. DESIGN The literature is reviewed to provide an introduction for auditory scientists to the CBPR approach and human-centered design, including discussion of the underlying principles of CBPR and where it fits along a community-engaged continuum, theoretical and evaluation frameworks, as well as applications within auditory research. RESULTS Recent applications of CBPR have been framed broadly within the theoretical positions of the socioecological model for a systems-level approach to community-engaged research and the Health Services Utilization model within health services and disparities research using CBPR. Utilizing human-centered design strategies can work in tandem with a CBPR approach to engage a wide range of people in the research process and move toward the development of innovative yet feasible solutions. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging the principles of CBPR is an intricate and dynamic process, may not be a fit for some topics, some researchers' skillsets, and may be beyond some projects' resources. When implemented skillfully and authentically, CBPR can be of benefit by elevating and empowering community voices and cultural perspectives historically marginalized in society and underrepresented within research. With a focus on health equity, this review of CBPR in the study of hearing healthcare emphasizes how this approach to research can help to advance inclusion, diversity, and access to innovation.
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Community-Based Participatory Research to Improve Cardiovascular Health Among US Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022; 9:212-221. [PMID: 36003088 PMCID: PMC9392701 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review aims to assess the contemporary community-based participatory research (CBPR) literature seeking to improve the cardiovascular health of racial and ethnic minority groups in the USA with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors and social determinants of health. It summarizes recent CBPR studies based on the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7) framework, delineating seven modifiable health behaviors and clinical factors to promote cardiovascular health. Recent Findings Although limited in quantity, studies demonstrated preliminary effectiveness in improving individual and a composite of LS7 indicators by employing strategies centered around fortifying social networks, integrating group activities, leveraging technology, incorporating faith-based and spiritual practices, and implementing changes to the built environment. Summary Future directions for investigators engaged in CBPR include building on the existing body of evidence through more comprehensive studies, scaling effective interventions, and translating CBPR findings to influence health policy to better address health disparities.
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Sherrell HC, Dunn LTB, Horey D, Flenady V, Kumar S. Women's and clinician's acceptability of participation in a hypothetical obstetric randomized controlled trial: a qualitative survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:9163-9169. [PMID: 34965816 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.2020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involving patients and consumers in research design helps ensure relevance for those affected by the problem being investigated and can optimize recruitment to clinical trials. This is particularly important when conducting research involving pregnant women. AIMS We investigated women's motivations to participate in a hypothetical randomized control trial (RCT) of a third-trimester screening test for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) and adverse perinatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women attending for routine antenatal care at a tertiary center were invited to complete a short, anonymized patient acceptability survey. The survey was developed with the assistance of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand's Consumer Advisory Panel and consisted of Likert scales and open-ended questions. It was designed to ascertain women's responses to research issues, particularly the acceptability of being randomized to a non-revealed arm of a screening test RCT. RESULTS 100 pregnant women took part; 40% indicated that they would agree/strongly agree to participate in a hypothetical RCT regardless of whether they were given the result of a screening test and 31% were unsure. Randomization to either an intervention or control group was acceptable to 47%, 30% were unsure and 23% were not willing to be randomized. Reasons to participate included the desire to contribute to research and to improve pregnancy care. CONCLUSIONS Participation in an RCT of a screening test for IFC involving non-disclosure of the test result was acceptable to a large minority of pregnant women. This finding supports the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study of this design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Sherrell
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liam T B Dunn
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dell Horey
- NHMRC Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,NHMRC Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,NHMRC Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Higgs J, Styles K, Bowyer S, Warner A, Dunn Galvin A. Dissemination of EAACI food allergy guidelines using a flexible, practical, whole school allergy awareness toolkit. Allergy 2021; 76:3479-3488. [PMID: 33894060 PMCID: PMC8596703 DOI: 10.1111/all.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential training for emergency adrenaline auto-injector administration alone provides an inadequate safeguard in school environments. Recent UK deaths have reinforced the urgency for embedding whole school (WS) allergy awareness to minimise risk. We documented the development of a practical, flexible WS Food Allergy Awareness Toolkit for UK secondary schools. METHODS We used a multidisciplinary participatory action research methodology, involving successive modification and retesting of a pragmatic toolkit in 3 case study schools. A School Allergy Action Group drives WS risk assessment, helping schools gradually implement best practice policy in line with their particular needs. Additional schools self-piloted the resulting toolkit with only remote monitoring. School surveys, based on EAACI guidelines were developed to identify priorities and assess change. RESULTS Effectiveness of the resulting process toolkit, now available online, was independently demonstrated via pre/post-intervention questionnaires from 24/10 pupils with food allergy (FA) and 97/6 pupils without FA, respectively. Pearson correlational analysis showed strong negative relationships between Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) at T0 and School Support (SS) at T0 (r = -0.8, P<0.01), and between SS and Self-Efficacy (SE) (r = 0.73, P<0.05). Mean FAQLQ scores improved between T0 (3.3) and T1 (2.5). SE improved for those with FA (mean difference = 1.0). In those without FA, SE (mean difference = 0.9) and Attitudes and Knowledge (mean difference = 0.7) also improved. CONCLUSIONS Full stakeholder involvement in toolkit development encourages usage and, therefore, improves WS community awareness; reduces risk of reactions; fosters a more accepting societal attitude and empowers pupils with/without allergies to self-manage effectively.
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Yeung E, Scodras S, Salbach NM, Kothari A, Graham ID. Identifying competencies for integrated knowledge translation: a Delphi study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1181. [PMID: 34715872 PMCID: PMC8556977 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable progress has been made to advance the field of knowledge translation to address the knowledge-to-action gap in health care; however, there remains a growing concern that misalignments persist between research being conducted and the issues faced by knowledge users, such as clinicians and health policy makers, who make decisions in the health care context. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is a collaborative research model that has shown promise in addressing these concerns. It takes advantage of the unique and shared competencies amongst researchers and knowledge users to ensure relevance of the research process and its outcomes. To date, core competencies have already been identified to facilitate training in knowledge translation more generally but they have yet to be prioritized for IKT more specifically. The primary aim of this study was to recruit a group of researchers and knowledge users to identify and prioritize core competencies for researchers and knowledge users to engage with IKT. Methods We recruited health care knowledge users (KUs) and researchers with experience and knowledge of IKT for a quantitative, cross-sectional study. We employed a modified Delphi approach consisting of three e-survey rounds to establish consensus on competencies important to IKT for KUs and researchers based on mean rating of importance and agreement between participants. Results Nineteen (73%) of the initial 26 participants were researchers (response rate = 41% in the first round; retention in subsequent rounds > 80%). Participants identified a total of 46 competencies important for IKT (18 competencies for KUs, 28 competencies for researchers) under 3 broad domains. Technical research skills were deemed extremely important for researchers, while both groups require teamwork and knowledge translation skills. Conclusions This study provides important insight into distinct and overlapping IKT competencies for KUs and researchers. Future work could focus on how these can be further negotiated and contextualized for a wide range of IKT contexts, projects and teams. Greater attention could also be paid to establishing competencies of the entire team to support the research co-production process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07107-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euson Yeung
- University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Scodras
- University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Nancy M Salbach
- University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- Western University, Health Sciences Building, Rm 222, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ian D Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Cresent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada.,Centre for Practice-Changing Research, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 711, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
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Weber S, Hardiman M, Kanja W, Thomas S, Robinson-Edwards N, Bradbury-Jones C. Towards Ethical International Research Partnerships in Gender-Based Violence Research: Insights From Research Partners in Kenya. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2909-2931. [PMID: 34657534 PMCID: PMC9361417 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211035798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research with survivors of gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries is
important to improve understanding of experiences of violence and the policies that can
help combat it. But this research also implies risks for survivors, such as
re-traumatization, safety concerns, and feelings of exploitation. These risks are
magnified if research is undertaken by researchers from high-income countries, whose
positionality produces power inequalities affecting both participants and research
partners. This article describes the ethical challenges of international gender-based
violence research from the perspective of Kenyan researchers and organizations and
identifies recommendations about how to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Weber
- 1724Department of International Development, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Margaret Hardiman
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Siân Thomas
- Department of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Niyibizi JB, Nganabashaka JP, Ntawuyirushintege S, Tumusiime D, Umwali G, Rulisa S, Nyandwi A, Okop KJ, Ntaganda E, Sell K, Levitt N, Jessani NS, Bavuma CM. Using Citizen Science Within an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Approach to Explore Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception in Rwanda. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.752357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCollaborative approaches to generating knowledge between knowledge users (KUs) and researchers as a means of enhancing evidence-informed decision making have been gaining ground over the last few years. The principal study targeted rural and urban communities within the catchment areas of Cyanika health centre (Burera district, Northern Province) and Kacyiru health centre (Gasabo district, in City of Kigali), respectively to understand perceptions and preferences of communication with respect to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Rwanda. This paper describes the integration of citizen science within an integrated knowledge translation (IKT) approach for this study.MethodsThe citizen science approach included deliberate, selective and targeted engagement of KUs at various steps throughout the study. It incorporated national and district levels stakeholders, primary health care stakeholders, local community leaders and influencers, and local community members (selected and trained to be termed citizen scientists) in the process of implementation. Data for this paper included minutes, reports and notes from meetings and workshops which were perused to report the immediate outcomes and challenges of citizen science within an IKT approach for a study such as described for Rwanda.ResultsAs a result of a deliberate IKT strategy, key national stakeholders attended and contributed to all phases of citizen science implementation. Project-based and relationship-based immediate outcomes were documented. In line with local community health issues reported by the citizen scientists, the local community stakeholders pledged home grown solutions. These included enhancement of compliance to implement the “kitchen garden per household” policy, teaching local residents on preparation of healthy diet from locally available food items, organizing collective physical activity, fighting against locally made substandard beverages and teaching local residents on CVD (risk factors). As an indicator of the probable uptake of research evidence, district officials appreciated citizen scientists’ work and decided to consider presented results in their next fiscal year action plan.ConclusionCitizen science proved to be an important strategy for research co-production in Rwanda. While this strategy falls within the remit of a larger IKT approach it focuses on the role and ownership of research by local community residents. This study demonstrated that to improve the relevance and impact of research in local community a deliberate IKT approach that incorporates citizen science can be invaluable.
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Pedersen M, Harris KJ, Lewis J, Grant M, Kleinmeyer C, Glass A, Graham N, Brown B, King D. Uplifting the voices of rural American Indian older adults to improve understanding of physical activity behavior. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1655-1664. [PMID: 34347863 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
American Indian (AI) older adults experience pronounced health disparities and demonstrate one of the lowest levels of physical activity (PA) among racial and ethnic groups. Nearly half of AI older adults live in rural areas, indicating distinct challenges to participation in PA. Research to identify factors influencing PA in this population is missing from the literature, yet is critical to informing culturally relevant PA intervention development and implementation. The purpose was to identify barriers to and facilitators of PA among rural AI older adults using the ecological model and qualitative methods. A community-based approach was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with rural AI older adults. Interview questions were based on a multi-level ecological model. Content analysis was performed, using an iterative coding process to identify findings. The mean age of participants (n = 21) was 66 years. Barriers to and facilitators of PA were identified across ecological model levels. Barriers included factors such as caregiving and community responsibilities, lack of acceptable areas for walking, and overall lack of community-level support for older adult health. Facilitators included a personal connection to the land and ancestors through PA, multigenerational participation, and supportive tribal policies. This study addressed a gap in the literature by identifying barriers to and facilitators of PA among rural AI older adults, which can inform PA intervention development. With barriers and facilitators identified by AI older adults themselves, the voices of those directly affected are uplifted to shape efforts toward addressing longstanding health disparities through relevant public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Pedersen
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari Jo Harris
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jordan Lewis
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mattea Grant
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Ashley Glass
- Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal Health Department, MT, USA
| | - Niki Graham
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Blakely Brown
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Diane King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, AK, USA
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O'Neill KM, Salazar MC, Vega C, Campbell A, Anderson E, Dodington J. "The cops didn't make it any better": Perspectives on police and guns among survivors of gun violence. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114197. [PMID: 34274710 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of gun violence in the United States (US) are twenty times more likely to be re-injured with a firearm and three times more likely to be arrested under a violence or a weapons-related charge. The mechanisms for these outcomes are multifactorial and remain largely understudied. We aimed to examine perspectives on both the police and guns among survivors of guns violence. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a study that examined the post-hospitalization recovery experience of survivors of firearm violence. Using a conceptual framework derived from sociology literature and a coding team made up of researchers, community members and former police officers, we used directed content analysis to construct themes. RESULTS The data set included interviews with 20 survivors of gun violence that were all Black males, aged 20-51 years. The recurring themes around the police included: (1) Legal cynicism: "I don't like police, none of them"; (2) Interactions with the police in a medical setting: "The cops didn't make it any better" and (3) Ambivalence around police presence within the community: "That's their job to protect me, too." Themes related to guns in the community encompassed: (1) The availability of guns: "Getting a gun is about as easy as buying a pair of sneakers"; (2) Symbolic meaning: "Guns give them courage"; (3) Social meaning: "I just let them know: I have a gun, too." and (4) Strategic meaning: "It's just for protection." CONCLUSIONS Survivors of gun violence describe distrust for the police and an ecology of guns that confers symbolic, social and strategic meaning to owning a gun. Interventions to decrease gun violence should address the cultural value of a gun as well as focus on improving police relations with the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M O'Neill
- General Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Investigative Medicine Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Michelle C Salazar
- General Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Cecilio Vega
- Violence Intervention Program, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anthony Campbell
- Yale Police Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elijah Anderson
- Sterling Professor of Sociology and of African American Studies, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - James Dodington
- Violence Intervention Program, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Bourne KM, Chew DS, Stiles LE, Shaw BH, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Peltier A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Sheldon RS, Robertson D, Raj SR. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is associated with significant employment and economic loss. J Intern Med 2021; 290:203-212. [PMID: 33586284 PMCID: PMC9156448 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a debilitating form of chronic orthostatic intolerance that primarily affects women and causes substantial impairment in quality of life and function. Yet, there is minimal literature describing the employment and economic consequences of POTS. We explored these aspects of the POTS patient experience through a self-reported study designed using community-based participatory research principles. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive questionnaire, including employment and economic consequences, was developed in partnership with Dysautonomia International, a patient advocacy organization. The POTS community engaged in all stages of the research design and analysis. Participants were recruited through Dysautonomia International's website and social media channels. The analysis included 5,556 adult (age ≥18 years) participants with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of POTS. The majority of participants were female (95%). Forty-eight per cent of participants reported employment during the three months prior to the survey, and of these participants, 66.8% would work greater hours if not for illness limitations. Over two-thirds (70.5%) of participants have lost income due to POTS symptoms, with 36.0% of the total cohort losing more than $10,000 USD in the 12 months prior to the survey. Almost all (95%) participants reported POTS-related out-of-pocket medical expenses since diagnosis, with 51.1% of participants spending $10,000 USD or more. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study reporting the employment and economic challenges experienced by individuals with POTS. Exposure of these challenges emphasizes the need for earlier diagnosis and improved therapeutic strategies to reduce the negative individual and societal consequences of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bourne
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derek S Chew
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Stiles
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Dysautonomia International, East Moriches, NY, USA
| | - Brett H Shaw
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luis E Okamoto
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily M Garland
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alfredo Gamboa
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Peltier
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - André Diedrich
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Italo Biaggioni
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert S Sheldon
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Robertson
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Satish R Raj
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Blacksher E, Hiratsuka VY, Blanchard JW, Lund JR, Reedy J, Beans JA, Saunkeah B, Peercy M, Byars C, Yracheta J, Tsosie KS, O’Leary M, Ducheneaux G, Spicer PG. Deliberations with American Indian and Alaska Native People about the Ethics of Genomics: An Adapted Model of Deliberation Used with Three Tribal Communities in the United States. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2021; 12:164-178. [PMID: 34125006 PMCID: PMC8274345 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2021.1925775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the design, implementation, and process outcomes from three public deliberations held in three tribal communities. Although increasingly used around the globe to address collective challenges, our study is among the first to adapt public deliberation for use with exclusively Indigenous populations. In question was how to design deliberations for tribal communities and whether this adapted model would achieve key deliberative goals and be well received. METHODS We adapted democratic deliberation, an approach to stakeholder engagement, for use with three tribal communities to respect tribal values and customs. Public deliberation convenes people from diverse backgrounds in reasoned reflection and dialogue in search of collective solutions. The deliberation planning process and design were informed by frameworks of enclave deliberation and community-based participatory research, which share key egalitarian values. The deliberations were collaboratively designed with tribal leadership and extensive partner input and involvement in the deliberations. Each deliberation posed different, locally relevant questions about genomic research, but used the same deliberation structure and measures to gauge the quality and experience of deliberation. RESULTS A total of 52 individuals participated in the deliberations across all three sites. Deliberants were balanced in gender, spanned decades in age, and were diverse in educational attainment and exposure to health research. Overall, the deliberations were positively evaluated. Participant perceptions and external observer datasets depict three deliberations that offered intensive conversation experiences in which participants learned from one another, reported feeling respected and connected to one another, and endorsed this intensive form of engagement. CONCLUSION The adapted deliberations achieved key deliberative goals and were generally well received. Limitations of the study are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Blacksher
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jessica W. Blanchard
- Center for Applied Social Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Justin R. Lund
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Justin Reedy
- Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Julie A. Beans
- South Central Foundation Research Department, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Bobby Saunkeah
- Chickasaw Nation Department of Health, Division of Research and Public Health, Ada, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Micheal Peercy
- Chickasaw Nation Department of Health, Division of Research and Public Health, Ada, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christie Byars
- Chickasaw Nation Department of Health, Division of Research and Public Health, Ada, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joseph Yracheta
- Missouri Breaks Industries, Inc, Research Department, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Krystal S. Tsosie
- Missouri Breaks Industries, Inc, Research Department, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Marcia O’Leary
- Missouri Breaks Industries, Inc, Research Department, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Guthrie Ducheneaux
- Missouri Breaks Industries, Inc, Research Department, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA
| | - Paul G. Spicer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Espinosa PR, Verney SP. The Underutilization of Community-based Participatory Research in Psychology: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 67:312-326. [PMID: 33165973 PMCID: PMC8106689 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional non-participatory research methodologies have struggled to address the needs of multicultural populations in the United States (U.S.). Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a research paradigm offering a unique opportunity for culturally appropriate research and improving health equity. CBPR is an equitable, strength-based approach involving all stakeholders throughout the research process. We investigate the field of psychology's utilization of CBPR as an approach for working with multicultural populations to collaboratively address relevant and impactful research questions. A total of 1912 CBPR-related articles, from 2004 to 2014, were identified using PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL Complete databases. Of these, approximately 16% (n = 311) met our criteria for psychology-related CBPR articles accounting for a negligible amount (<1%) of peer-reviewed publications in mainstream psychological journals during the same time period. Among U.S. psychology-related CBPR articles, 86% focused on multicultural and marginalized populations. Prominent topics of investigation included physical health, mental and behavioral health, and theoretical or methodological articles. Features of publications, including authors' training, types of journals, study populations, and topics under investigation, were explored for all 1912 publications. Findings highlight an opportunity for further utilization of CBPR within psychology, with key implications for health equity. Recommendations for increasing CBPR uptake within the discipline are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa
- Office of Community Engagement, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Steven P. Verney
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Perceived work exposures and expressed intervention needs among Michigan nail salon workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:2001-2013. [PMID: 34052870 PMCID: PMC8164489 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Nail salon workers are an underserved population exposed to various occupational hazards. Comprised primarily of women and immigrants, these workers face challenges that further increase their workplace exposures and adverse health outcomes. Though previous studies have noted nail salon workers’ exposures, these studies have yet to explore the workers’ insights on intervention needs. This study among Michigan nail salon workers addresses this gap. Methods This qualitative study was informed by the phenomenology methodological framework anchored within critical social theory. Participants were recruited from nail salons in Southeast Michigan to partake in focus groups. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Results Three focus groups were conducted with 13 participants. Three major categories emerged. The first category, workers’ perceived work-related stressors, included six themes: lack of standardized policies, regulations, education/training; disconnect between education/training and real-world practice; inadequate knowledge on exposures and safety protocols; unsafe nail products; customer pressure; and immigrant-related pressures. The second category, health issues perceived to be directly related to workplace exposures, included two themes: symptoms experienced due to contact with nail products and symptoms due to poor ergonomics. The third category, participants’ perceived intervention needs, included four themes: continuing education; updates with new products; communication with key stakeholders; and partnership building and resource access. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study among U.S. nail salon workers focused in Midwest. In addition to the noted individual and organizational-level interventions, policy level implications are discussed given discrepancies in training and practices across states.
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Rose C, Nichols T, Hackner D, Chang J, Straube S, Jooste W, Sawe H, Tenner A. Utilizing Lean Software Methods To Improve Acceptance of Global eHealth Initiatives: Results From the Implementation of the Basic Emergency Care App. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e14851. [PMID: 33882013 PMCID: PMC8190643 DOI: 10.2196/14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health systems in low- and middle-income countries face considerable challenges in providing high-quality accessible care. eHealth has had mounting interest as a possible solution given the unprecedented growth in mobile phone and internet technologies in these locations; however, few apps or software programs have, as of yet, gone beyond the testing phase, most downloads are never opened, and consistent use is extremely rare. This is believed to be due to a failure to engage and meet local stakeholder needs and the high costs of software development. Objective World Health Organization Basic Emergency Care course participants requested a mobile point-of-care adjunct to the primary course material. Our team undertook the task of developing this solution through a community-based participatory model in an effort to meet trainees’ reported needs and avoid some of the abovementioned failings. We aimed to use the well-described Lean software development strategy—given our familiarity with its elements and its ubiquitous use in medicine, global health, and software development—to complete this task efficiently and with maximal stakeholder involvement. Methods From September 2016 through January 2017, the Basic Emergency Care app was designed and developed at the University of California San Francisco. When a prototype was complete, it was piloted in Cape Town, South Africa and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania—World Health Organization Basic Emergency Care partner sites. Feedback from this pilot shaped continuous amendments to the app before subsequent user testing and study of the effect of use of the app on trainee retention of Basic Emergency Care course material. Results Our user-centered mobile app was developed with an iterative participatory approach with its first version available within 6 months and with high acceptance—95% of Basic Emergency Care Course participants felt that it was useful. Our solution had minimal direct costs and resulted in a robust infrastructure for subsequent assessment and maintenance and allows for efficient feedback and expansion. Conclusions We believe that utilizing Lean software development strategies may help global health advocates and researchers build eHealth solutions with a process that is familiar and with buy-in across stakeholders that is responsive, rapid to deploy, and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rose
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Taylor Nichols
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Julia Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven Straube
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Willem Jooste
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town/Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendry Sawe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Andrea Tenner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Roura M, Dias S, LeMaster JW, MacFarlane A. Participatory health research with migrants: Opportunities, challenges, and way forwards. Health Expect 2021; 24:188-197. [PMID: 33528082 PMCID: PMC8077110 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Migration is one of the most politically pressing issues of the 21st century but migrant health remains an under-researched area. The International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research (ICPHR) working group on migration developed this position statement to address opportunities and challenges in relation to migrant health. It aims to contribute to a shift from a deficit model that sees migrants as passively affected by policies to their reconceptualization as citizens who are engaged in the co-creation of solutions. METHODS This paper examines the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of PHR with migrants. It draws on a broad literature to provide examples of successful PHR with migrants and highlights critical issues for consideration. FINDINGS Successful initiatives illustrate the value of engaging migrants in the definition of the research agenda, the design and implementation of health interventions, the identification of health-protective factors and the operationalization and validation of indicators to monitor progress. Within increasingly super diverse contexts, fragmented community landscapes that are not necessarily constructed along ethnicity traits, inadequate structures of representation, local tensions and operational barriers can hamper meaningful PHR with migrants. CONCLUSION For each research context, it is essential to gauge the 'optimal' level and type of participation that is more likely to leverage migrants' empowerment. The development of Monitoring and Evaluation tools and methodological strategies to manage inter-stakeholder discrepancies and knowledge translation gaps are steps in this direction. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This paper draws from contributions of migrant populations and other stakeholders to policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roura
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Sonia Dias
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research CenterUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa & Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC)LisboaPortugal
| | | | - Anne MacFarlane
- School of Medicine LimerickLimerickIreland
- Health Research InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
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Grech P, Grech R. The role of health promotion theories in Stroke Awareness and Education. Appl Nurs Res 2021; 58:151415. [PMID: 33745555 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of health promotion theories and their application to Stroke Awareness and Education. Stroke stands as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity even though treatment is readily available. One of the major challenges in this area is that the effectiveness of treatment depends heavily on timely presentation to healthcare services. Unfortunately, many individuals do not seek help whilst experiencing symptoms or only do so after a significant delay. This paper explores the main health promotion theories related to this problematic health behaviour in relation to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulann Grech
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Reuben Grech
- Medical Imaging Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
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