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Martin K, Cofield SS, Cross AH, Goss AM, Raji CA, Rinker JR, Wu GF, Blair J, Fuchs A, Ghezzi L, Green K, Pace F, Pastori G, Taylor MG, Piccio L, Wingo BC. Functional outcomes of diets in multiple sclerosis (FOOD for MS): Protocol for a parallel arm randomized feeding trial for low glycemic load and calorie restriction. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 143:107584. [PMID: 38821260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilot trials indicate that both a low glycemic load (GL) diet and calorie restriction (CR) can be implemented successfully in people with multiple sclerosis (pMS) and may improve MS symptoms and physical function, but large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have not yet been conducted. The purpose of this study is to test these interventions alone and in combination to determine their efficacy for improving clinical and patient reported outcomes (PROs) in pMS. METHODS This 32-week, two-arm, RCT at two centers will randomly assign 100 adults with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS to a low GL diet (n = 50) or a standard GL diet (n = 50). Both diet groups will complete two study phases: a eucaloric phase (16 weeks) and a CR phase (16 weeks). Groceries for the study meal plans will be delivered to participants' homes weekly. The primary outcome is physical function, measured by timed 25-ft walk test. Secondary outcomes are pain, fatigue, mood, and anxiety. DISCUSSION This will be the most rigorous intervention trial to date of a low GL diet and CR in adults with MS, and among the first to assess the impact of intentional weight loss on MS symptoms. Results will provide valuable insight for recommending dietary change, weight loss, or both to adults with MS. These non-drug interventions pose few risks and have potential to yield significant improvements in MS symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT05327322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Martin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stacey S Cofield
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Cyrus A Raji
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - John R Rinker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis; Departments Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis; Neurology service, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis
| | - Jessica Blair
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Anja Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Kathryn Green
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Francesca Pace
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Meghan G Taylor
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Theme, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooks C Wingo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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2
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Astrup A. Reflections on the discovery GLP-1 as a satiety hormone: Implications for obesity therapy and future directions. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:551-556. [PMID: 38890501 PMCID: PMC11230893 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Scientists were chasing an incretin hormone, and when GLP-1 was finally discovered, we found that it had a pronounced satiety effect, slowed down gastric emptying, and actually reduced postprandial insulin response. These mechanisms are the basis for the highly efficacious GLP-1 analogues that today offer safe and effective treatment in millions of people living with obesity. Moreover, the combined GLP-1 mechanisms of weight loss and delayed carbohydrate absorption may also be the key drivers of remission of type 2 diabetes and reduced cardiovascular events found by GLP-1 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark.
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3
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Memelink RG, Njemini R, de Bos Kuil MJJ, Wopereis S, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Schoufour JD, Tieland M, Weijs PJM, Bautmans I. The effect of a combined lifestyle intervention with and without protein drink on inflammation in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112410. [PMID: 38527636 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of the PROBE study 114 adults (≥55 years) with obesity and type 2 (pre-)diabetes had measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR)1, adipokines leptin and adiponectin, and glycation biomarkers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) from fasting blood samples. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate change in inflammatory biomarkers after lifestyle intervention and effect of the protein drink. Linear regression analysis was performed with parameters of body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and parameters of insulin resistance (by oral glucose tolerance test). RESULTS There were no significant differences in CLIP responses between the protein and the control groups. For all participants combined, IL-1RA, leptin and adiponectin decreased after 13 weeks (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), while ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA increased (p = 0.003 and p = 0.035). CRP increased by 12 % in participants with low to average CLIP (pre 1.91 ± 0.39 mg/L, post 2.13 ± 1.16 mg/L, p = 0.006) and decreased by 36 % in those with high CLIP (pre 5.14 mg/L ± 1.20, post 3.30 ± 2.29 mg/L, p < 0.001). Change in leptin and IL-1RA was positively associated with change in fat mass (β = 0.133, p < 0.001; β = 0.017, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (β = 0.095, p = 0.024; β = 0.020, p = 0.001). Change in lean mass was not associated with any of the biomarkers. CONCLUSION 13 weeks of combined lifestyle intervention, either with or without protein drink, reduced circulating adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA, and increased inflammatory ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA in older adults with obesity and T2D. Effect on CLIP was inversely related to baseline inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Minse J J de Bos Kuil
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; SOMT University of Physiotherapy, 3821 BN Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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4
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Ellison KM, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Sayer RD. Should carbohydrate-modified diets be the first option for weight loss in people with impaired glucose metabolism? A scoping review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13706. [PMID: 38355200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
While the "precision nutrition" movement is at an early stage of development, several investigations have compared low-fat versus carbohydrate (CHO)-modified diets (i.e., low-or-reduced-CHO, low glycemic index/load diets, and high-fiber) in people with normal versus impaired glucose metabolism. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize evidence in support of the hypothesis that CHO-modified diets are more effective for weight loss among people with impaired glucose metabolism. Fifteen articles were included in this review: seven retrospective analyses of randomized clinical trials and eight prospective randomized clinical trials with prespecified hypotheses related to a diet (low-fat vs. CHO-modified) × phenotype (normal vs. impaired) interaction. Evidence in support of the hypothesis was identified in six of seven retrospective and three of eight prospective studies, which led to a recommendation of CHO-modified diets as a first-line option for people with impaired glucose metabolism. However, the evidence in support of this recommendation is relatively weak, and dietary prescriptions should consider additional contextual information that may influence overall dietary adherence. Additional and rigorous research using innovative randomized experimental approaches is needed for stronger dietary weight loss recommendations based on pretreatment glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Ellison
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Holly R Wyatt
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - R Drew Sayer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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5
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Guo T, Wang T, Chen L, Zheng B. Whole-grain highland barley premade biscuit prepared by hot-extrusion 3D printing: Printability and nutritional assessment. Food Chem 2024; 432:137226. [PMID: 37633148 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to explore the possibility of applying whole-grain highland barley (HB) in functional food, HB premade biscuit was created by hot-extrusion 3D printing (HEP) for the first time, and its printability and nutritional functions were evaluated. The rheology results showed 20% (w/w) HB suspension with 9% corn oil addition had better printability due to the formation of a structure with higher elasticity and stronger resistance to deformation. Moreover, the obtained premade biscuit had lower predicted glycemic index (pGI) and starch digestibility. Meanwhile, in vivo experiment results showed it could affect the glycolipid metabolism, ameliorate the high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders and maintain the balance of the gut microbial ecology. This could be attributed to the decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the proliferation of propionate-producing probiotics, especially Veilonella, Weissella and Desulfovibrio. Overall, this study could provide basic data and innovative approaches to prepare nutritional whole-grain foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Guo
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Ling Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bo Zheng
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch & Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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6
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Davies IG. Exploring high-protein diets in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37877360 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The review aims to explore the potential benefit and risk of high-protein diets (HPD) regarding the comorbidity of sarcopoenia and CVD in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is standard care for individuals who have experienced a cardiac event, but the current practice of predominantly aerobic exercise, a lower-fat diet and weight loss poorly addresses the issue of sarcopoenia. HPD, especially when combined with resistance exercise (RE), may be valuable adjuncts to current CR practice and benefit both muscle and cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials of HPD and CVD risk show beneficial but variable effects regarding weight loss, the lipid profile, insulin resistance and lean body mass in those living with or high risk of CVD. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on hard CVD endpoints favour lower- and plant-protein diets over higher animal protein, but the evidence is inconsistent. HPD augment the strength and muscle gaining benefits of RE in older populations, but there are no published data in those living with CVD providing promising opportunities for CR research. HPD raise concern regarding renal and bone health, the microbiome, branched chain amino acids and environmental sustainability and findings suggest that plant-based HPD may confer ecological and overall health advantages compared to animal-based HPD. However, incorporating RE with HPD might alleviate certain health risks. In conclusion, a largely plant-based HPD is deemed favourable for CR when combined with RE, but further research regarding efficacy and safety in CR populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Student Life Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Copperas Hill, Liverpool L3 5LJ, UK
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Vitale S, Palumbo E, Polesel J, Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Montagnese C, Porciello G, Calabrese I, Luongo A, Prete M, Pica R, Grimaldi M, Crispo A, Esindi N, Falzone L, Mattioli V, Martinuzzo V, Poletto L, Cubisino S, Dainotta P, De Laurentiis M, Pacilio C, Rinaldo M, Thomas G, D'Aiuto M, Serraino D, Massarut S, Ferraù F, Rossello R, Catalano F, Banna GL, Messina F, Gatti D, Riccardi G, Libra M, Celentano E, Jenkins DJA, Augustin LSA. One-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet reduced the dietary inflammatory index in women with breast cancer: a role for the dietary glycemic index. Food Funct 2023; 14:1560-1572. [PMID: 36655860 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: the Mediterranean diet, the low dietary glycemic index (GI) and the dietary inflammation index (DII®) have been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality. Objective: to investigate whether one-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet, with or without low-GI carbohydrates counselling, may influence the DII in women with BC. Methods: data were obtained from participants of DEDiCa trial randomized to a Mediterranean diet (MD, n = 112) or a Mediterranean diet with low-GI carbohydrates (MDLGI, n = 111). The diet-derived DII and GI were calculated from 7-day food records while Mediterranean diet adherence from PREDIMED questionnaire. Differences between study arms were evaluated through Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test and associations with multivariable regression analyses. Results: Mediterranean diet adherence significantly increased by 15% in MD and 20% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.326). Dietary GI significantly decreased from 55.5 to 52.4 in MD and 55.1 to 47.6 in MDLGI with significant difference between arms (p < 0.001). DII significantly decreased by 28% in MD and 49% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.360). Adjusting for energy intake (E-DII) did not change the results. Higher Mediterranean diet adherence and lower dietary GI independently contributed to DII lowering (β-coefficient -0.203, p < 0.001; 0.046, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: DII and E-DII scores decreased significantly after one-year with 4 nutrition counselling sessions on the Mediterranean diet and low GI. Increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low GI independently contributed to the DII changes. These results are relevant given that lowering the inflammatory potential of the diet may have implications in cancer prognosis and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Elvira Palumbo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Healtcare Direction, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Luongo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Melania Prete
- Division of Radiotherapy, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale - IRCCS di Napoli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Pica
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Esindi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinuzzo
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Luigina Poletto
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serena Cubisino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dainotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Pacilio
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Chirurgia Oncologica del Seno - Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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8
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Zhang J, Jia J, Lai R, Wang X, Chen X, Tian W, Liu Q, Li J, Ju J, Xu H. Association between dietary inflammatory index and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1044329. [PMID: 36687707 PMCID: PMC9849765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1044329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among U.S. adults. Methods We collected data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. Adults who reported complete information to diagnose ASCVD and calculate DII were included. We used three models to differentially adjust the covariates, including age, sex, race or ethnicity, education level, smoking status, poverty, insurance, body mass index, hyperlipemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Logistic regression was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for ASCVD grouped by DII deciles. We additionally conducted spline smoothing with the generalized additive model (GAM) and the log-likelihood ratio to examine the non-linear relationship between DII and ASCVD. If exists, the segmented linear regression will be used to detect the cutoff point. The subgroup analyses were stratified by various atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (i.e., CHD, angina, heart attack, and stroke) and sex. Results A total of 48,733 participants (mean age, 47.13 ± 0.19 years) with 51.91% women were enrolled, of which 5,011 were diagnosed with ASCVD. In the crude model, participants in the five highest deciles (D6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) of DII score had a significantly higher risk of having ASCVD compared to those in the first decile. In the fully adjusted model, those in the tenth decile [OR = 1.47, 95% CI = (1.18,1.84)] of DII had a significantly increased risk of ASCVD compared to the first decile. Notably, when DII is above 3, the ASCVD risk increased by 41% for each one increase in DII [OR = 1.41, 95% CI = (1.15,1.73)]. This relationship was more pronounced in females. Conclusion Our study revealed a positive and non-linearly association between DII and ASCVD in U.S. adults. This relationship was more pronounced in females. The findings provide a reference for future research and diet recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jundi Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingen Li,
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Jianqing Ju,
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Hao Xu,
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Susceptibility of Human Plasma N-glycome to Low-Calorie and Different Weight-Maintenance Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415772. [PMID: 36555411 PMCID: PMC9779867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant plasma protein glycosylation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular, and immunological disorders. To investigate plasma protein glycosylation alterations due to weight loss and successive weight-maintenance diets, 1850 glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study were analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The Diogenes study is a large dietary intervention study in which participants were subjected to a low-calorie diet (LCD) followed by one of five different weight-maintenance diets in a period of 6 months. The most notable alterations of the plasma glycome were 8 weeks after the subjects engaged in the LCD; a significant increase in low-branched glycan structures, accompanied by a decrease in high-branched glycan structures. After the LCD period, there was also a significant rise in N-glycan structures with antennary fucose. Interestingly, we did not observe significant changes between different diets, and almost all effects we observed immediately after the LCD period were annulled during the weight-maintenance diets period.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:305-335. [PMID: 36258149 PMCID: PMC9579631 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of communicable and chronic diseases. This review examined the effects and eventual mediation roles of different nutritional factors on inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Potential nutritional compounds influencing inflammation processes include macro and micronutrients, bioactive molecules (polyphenols), specific food components, and culinary ingredients as well as standardized dietary patterns, eating habits, and chrononutrition features. Therefore, research in this field is still required, taking into account critical aspects of heterogeneity including type of population, minimum and maximum intakes and adverse effects, cooking methods, physiopathological status, and times of intervention. Moreover, the integrative analysis of traditional variables (age, sex, metabolic profile, clinical history, body phenotype, habitual dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle) together with individualized issues (genetic background, epigenetic signatures, microbiota composition, gene expression profiles, and metabolomic fingerprints) may contribute to the knowledge and prescription of more personalized treatments aimed to improving the precision medical management of inflammation as well as the design of anti-inflammatory diets in chronic and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
| | | | - Juan A Vargas-Nuñez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Vidal-Ostos F, Ramos-Lopez O, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kunešová M, Blaak EE, Astrup A, Martinez JA. Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight regain after energy-restricted induced weight loss. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:71. [PMID: 36261843 PMCID: PMC9583584 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined. Methods This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0–8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum diets designed for weight maintenance (8–34 weeks): high/low protein (HP/LP) and high/low glycemic index (HGI/LGI), plus a control. The complete nutritional program (0–34 weeks) included both LCD plus the randomized diets intervention. The TyG index was tested as marker of body mass composition and insulin resistance. Results In comparison with the LP/HGI diet, the HP/LGI diet induced a greater BMI loss (p < 0.05). ∆TyG was positively associated with resistance to BMI loss (β = 0.343, p = 0.042) during the weight maintenance stage. In patients who followed the HP/LGI diet, TyG (after LCD) correlated with greater BMI loss in the 8–34 weeks period (r = −0.256; p < 0.05) and during the 0–34 weeks intervention (r = −0.222, p < 0.05) periods. ΔTyG1 value was associated with ΔBMI2 (β = 0.932; p = 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet. Conclusions A HP/LGI diet is beneficial not only for weight maintenance after a LCD, but is also related to IR amelioration as assessed by TyG index changes. Registration Clinical Trials NCT00390637. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00707-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Universidad 14418, UABC, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, German Center of Diabetes Research, DZD, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Obesity and Nutrition Science, Novo Nordisk Fonden, Tuborg Havnevej 15, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Eller OC, Willits AB, Young EE, Baumbauer KM. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions for the treatment of spinal cord injury-induced pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:991736. [PMID: 36093389 PMCID: PMC9448954 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.991736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex neurophysiological disorder, which can result in many long-term complications including changes in mobility, bowel and bladder function, cardiovascular function, and metabolism. In addition, most individuals with SCI experience some form of chronic pain, with one-third of these individuals rating their pain as severe and unrelenting. SCI-induced chronic pain is considered to be "high impact" and broadly affects a number of outcome measures, including daily activity, physical and cognitive function, mood, sleep, and overall quality of life. The majority of SCI pain patients suffer from pain that emanates from regions located below the level of injury. This pain is often rated as the most severe and the underlying mechanisms involve injury-induced plasticity along the entire neuraxis and within the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, current therapies for SCI-induced chronic pain lack universal efficacy. Pharmacological treatments, such as opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants, have been shown to have limited success in promoting pain relief. In addition, these treatments are accompanied by many adverse events and safety issues that compound existing functional deficits in the spinally injured, such as gastrointestinal motility and respiration. Non-pharmacological treatments are safer alternatives that can be specifically tailored to the individual and used in tandem with pharmacological therapies if needed. This review describes existing non-pharmacological therapies that have been used to treat SCI-induced pain in both preclinical models and clinical populations. These include physical (i.e., exercise, acupuncture, and hyper- or hypothermia treatments), psychological (i.e., meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy), and dietary interventions (i.e., ketogenic and anti-inflammatory diet). Findings on the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing SCI-induced pain and improving quality of life are discussed. Overall, although studies suggest non-pharmacological treatments could be beneficial in reducing SCI-induced chronic pain, further research is needed. Additionally, because chronic pain, including SCI pain, is complex and has both emotional and physiological components, treatment should be multidisciplinary in nature and ideally tailored specifically to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Eller
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Adam B. Willits
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Erin E. Young
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kyle M. Baumbauer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Wang YB, Page AJ, Gill TK, Melaku YA. Association of dietary and nutrient patterns with systemic inflammation in community dwelling adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977029. [PMID: 36082032 PMCID: PMC9445576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence investigating associations between dietary and nutrient patterns and inflammatory biomarkers is inconsistent and scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association of dietary and nutrient patterns with inflammation. Methods Overall, 1,792 participants from the North-West Adelaide Health Study were included in this cross-sectional study. We derived dietary and nutrient patterns from food frequency questionnaire data using principal component analysis. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression determined the association between dietary and nutrient patterns and the grade of inflammation (normal, moderate, and severe) based on C-reactive protein (CRP) values. Subgroup analyses were stratified by gender, obesity and metabolic health status. Results In the fully adjusted model, a plant-sourced nutrient pattern (NP) was strongly associated with a lower grade of inflammation in men (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.93, p-trend = 0.08), obesity (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.77, p-trend = 0.03) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11–0.52, p-trend = 0.01). A mixed NP was positively associated with higher grade of inflammation (ORQ5vsQ1 = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.99–1.84, p-trend = 0.03) in all participants. A prudent dietary pattern was inversely associated with a lower grade of inflammation (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52–1.01, p-trend = 0.14). In contrast, a western dietary pattern and animal-sourced NP were associated with a higher grade of inflammation in the all participants although BMI attenuated the magnitude of association (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.55–1.25; and ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.63–1.39, respectively) in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion A plant-sourced NP was independently associated with lower inflammation. The association was stronger in men, and those classified as obese and metabolically unhealthy obese. Increasing consumption of plant-based foods may mitigate obesity-induced inflammation and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Brigitte Wang
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tiffany K. Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yohannes Adama Melaku
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Al-Rubaye TEM, Sobhani V, Shab-Bidar S, Djafarian K. Association of the dietary inflammatory index and body composition among Paralympic athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:504-509. [PMID: 35623858 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS One of the essential parameters of athletes that enhancing fitness and success rate in sports career is body composition. Additionally, perfect performance of athletes is significantly influenced by training and dietary intake. This study aimed to determine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and body composition among Iran's Paralympic athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, which recruited 100 athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia who participated in the 2020 competitive pre-season tests. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical activity, sleep pattern, and dietary intake were used in the analysis. DII was scored based on information obtained using food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was assessed using Bio impedance analyzer BIA (TANITA BC-418) and with 7-points skinfold measures. Linear regression model was used for finding the associations between DII with body composition. RESULTS The overall DII score was -2.83 and there was a significant difference for the mean body fat percent (P = 0.001) and mean fat free mass percent (P = ≤0.001) between 7-points skin fold measurements and BIA. No significant association had been found between the DII of the participants with the components of their body composition including, body mass index BMI (P = 0.99), waist circumference (P = 0.33), waist hip ratio (P = 0.25), fat mass percent (P = 0.47) and fat free mass percent (P = 0.47). CONCLUSION Although athletes in the current study had DII scores indicating their anti-inflammatory diets, we did not find any significant associations between DII with the parameters of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Communiy Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, Iran.
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The Effect of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Diet on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Phenotype: Nutrition as Therapeutic Tool? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020157. [PMID: 33499118 PMCID: PMC7912156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are contributing factors to many non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary nutrients can activate the immune system and may lead to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fatty acids as macronutrients are key players for immunomodulation, with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having the most beneficial effect, while polyphenols and carotenoids seem to be the most promising antioxidants. Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Obesity is a major risk factor for psoriasis, which leads to worse clinical outcomes. Weight loss interventions and, generally, dietary regimens such as gluten-free and Mediterranean diet or supplement use may potentially improve psoriasis’ natural course and response to therapy. However, data about more sophisticated nutritional patterns, such as ketogenic, very low-carb or specific macro- and micro-nutrient substitution, are scarce. This review aims to present the effect of strictly structured dietary nutrients, that are known to affect glucose/lipid metabolism and insulin responses, on chronic inflammation and immunity, and to discuss the utility of nutritional regimens as possible therapeutic tools for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:29-49. [PMID: 33231704 PMCID: PMC7684853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed. METHODS Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
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Kim OY, Kim EM, Chung S. Impacts of Dietary Macronutrient Pattern on Adolescent Body Composition and Metabolic Risk: Current and Future Health Status-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3722. [PMID: 33276567 PMCID: PMC7761580 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of young people aged 5-17 years are obese, which is rapidly increasing around the world. Furthermore, approximately 80% of adolescents who become obese develop bodyweight-related health problems in adulthood. Eating habits and lifestyles play important roles in forming body composition and metabolic status. Changes in body composition in adolescence, the period in which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, can alter hormonal and metabolic status, can consequently affect health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, and moreover may have an impact on probable body composition and metabolic status in the next generation. Here, we reviewed cross-sectional and interventional studies to analyze the role of dietary patterns focusing on macronutrient intake in growth, body composition, and metabolic changes in adolescents. These findings provide insights into optimal dietary guidelines for healthy growth with accretion of adequate body composition in adolescence, and provide an effective strategy for preventing and managing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, with the additional benefit of providing potential benefits for the next generation's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Dietetic Department, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
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Effects of High and Low Protein Diets on Inflammatory Profiles in People with Morbid Obesity: A 3-Week Intervention Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123636. [PMID: 33256114 PMCID: PMC7759799 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions in morbidly obese individuals that effectively reverse a pro-inflammatory state and prevent obesity-associated medical complications are highly warranted. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of high (HP) or low (LP) protein diets on circulating immune-inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemerin, omentin, leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin, and fetuin-A. With this aim, 18 people with morbid obesity were matched into two hypocaloric groups: HP (30E% protein, n = 8) and LP (10E% protein, n = 10) for three weeks. Biomarkers were measured pre and post intervention and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate differences. Consuming HP or LP diets resulted in reduced CRP (HP: −2.2 ± 1.0 mg/L, LP: −2.3 ± 0.9 mg/L) and chemerin (HP: −17.9 ± 8.6 ng/mL, LP: −20.0 ± 7.4 ng/mL), with no statistically significant differences by diet arm. Participants following the LP diet showed a more pronounced decrease in leptin (−19.2 ± 6.0 ng/mL) and IL-6 (−0.4 ± 0.1 pg/mL) and an increase in total adiponectin (1.6 ± 0.6 µg/mL). Changes were also observed for the remaining biomarkers to a smaller degree by the HP than the LP hypocaloric diet, suggesting that a LP hypocaloric diet modulates a wider range of immune inflammatory biomarkers in morbidly obese individuals.
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The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103209. [PMID: 33096647 PMCID: PMC7589116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fibre consists of non-digestible forms of carbohydrate, usually as polysaccharides that originate from plant-based foods. Over recent decades, our diet within Westernised societies has changed radically from that of our hominid ancestors, with implications for our co-evolved gut microbiota. This includes increased ingestion of ultra-processed foods that are typically impoverished of dietary fibre, and associated reduction in the intake of fibre-replete plant-based foods. Over recent decades, there has been a transformation in our understanding of the health benefits of dietary fibre. Objective: To explore the current medical literature on the health benefits of dietary fibre, with a focus on overall metabolic health. Data Sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a PubMed search, using the terms ‘dietary fibre and metabolic health’. Results: In the Western world, our diets are impoverished of fibre. Dietary fibre intake associates with overall metabolic health (through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity) and a variety of other pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for colorectal carcinoma. Dietary fibre intake also correlates with mortality. The gut microflora functions as an important mediator of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, including the regulation of appetite, metabolic processes and chronic inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: Multiple factors contribute to our fibre-impoverished modern diet. Given the plethora of scientific evidence that corroborate the multiple and varied health benefits of dietary fibre, and the risks associated with a diet that lacks fibre, the optimization of fibre within our diets represents an important public health strategy to improve both metabolic and overall health. If implemented successfully, this strategy would likely result in substantial future health benefits for the population.
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Ellis A, Rozga M, Braakhuis A, Monnard CR, Robinson K, Sinley R, Wanner A, Vargas AJ. Effect of Incorporating Genetic Testing Results into Nutrition Counseling and Care on Health Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review-Part II. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:582-605.e17. [PMID: 32624396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, literature examining implementation of nutritional genomics into clinical practice has increased, including publication of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review addressed the following question: In children and adults, what is the effect of incorporating results of genetic testing into nutrition counseling and care compared with an alternative intervention or control group, on nutrition-related health outcomes? A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and other databases was conducted for peer-reviewed RCTs published from January 2008 until December 2018. An international workgroup consisting of registered dietitian nutritionists, systematic review methodologists, and evidence analysts screened and reviewed articles, summarized data, conducted meta-analyses, and graded conclusion statements. The second in a two-part series, this article specifically summarizes evidence from RCTs that examined health outcomes (ie, quality of life, disease incidence and prevention of disease progression, or mortality), intermediate health outcomes (ie, anthropometric measures, body composition, or relevant laboratory measures routinely collected in practice), and adverse events as reported by study authors. Analysis of 11 articles from nine RCTs resulted in 16 graded conclusion statements. Among participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a diet tailored to genotype resulted in a greater reduction of percent body fat compared with a customary diet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, meta-analyses for the outcomes of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and weight yielded null results. Heterogeneity between studies and low certainty of evidence precluded development of strong conclusions about the incorporation of genetic information into nutrition practice. Although there are still relatively few well-designed RCTs to inform integration of genetic information into the Nutrition Care Process, the field of nutritional genomics is evolving rapidly, and gaps in the literature identified by this systematic review can inform future studies.
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Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1562. [PMID: 32471251 PMCID: PMC7352291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Trubetskay Str. 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Dingeo
- Independent Researcher, Val de Marne, 94999 Paris, France;
| | - Sofia Sosa Fernandez Del Campo
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
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Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity 2020; 51:794-811. [PMID: 31747581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of Western-type calorically rich diets combined with chronic overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle in Western societies evokes a state of chronic metabolic inflammation, termed metaflammation. Metaflammation contributes to the development of many prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and these lifestyle-associated pathologies represent a rising public health problem with global epidemic dimensions. A better understanding of how modern lifestyle and Western diet (WD) activate immune cells is essential for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies for common NCDs. Here, we review the current mechanistic understanding of how the Western lifestyle can induce metaflammation, and we discuss how this knowledge can be translated to protect the public from the health burden associated with their selected lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mario Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany.
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23
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Suissa K, Benedetti A, Henderson M, Gray-Donald K, Paradis G. Effects of dietary glycemic index and load on children's cardiovascular risk factors. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 40:1-7.e3. [PMID: 31780200 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of foods high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases in adulthood. We examined whether GI and GL predict CV risk factors in children after 2 years of follow-up. METHODS Three 24-hour recalls were administered at baseline, and individual average daily GI and GL scores were calculated in a cohort of 8-10 year-old children. CV risk factors included body mass index z-score (BMIz), percent fat mass, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Main analyses consisted of multiple linear regression adjusted for anthropometric, socioeconomic, and dietary factors. RESULTS After 2 years, the highest dietary GL tertile compared with the lowest was associated with increased BMIz (mean difference [MD], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.88-1.31), fat mass (MD, 10.8%; 95% CI, 8.62-13.0), TGs (MD, 0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.07-0.28), and decreased HDL (MD, -0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.19 to -0.07). The GL-TG and the GL-HDL associations were mediated by BMIz. CONCLUSIONS GL predicts increased BMIz, percent fat mass, and TGs and decreased HDL in young children after 2 years. Recommendations to decrease CV risk in children should include lowering foods high in GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Suissa
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Gray-Donald
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Shapira N. The Metabolic Concept of Meal Sequence vs. Satiety: Glycemic and Oxidative Responses with Reference to Inflammation Risk, Protective Principles and Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2373. [PMID: 31590352 PMCID: PMC6835480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing exposure to eating opportunities and postprandial conditions becoming dominant states, acute effects of meals are garnering interest. In this narrative review, meal components, combinations and course sequence were questioned vis-à-vis resultant postprandial responses, including satiety, glycemic, oxidative and inflammatory risks/outcomes vs. protective principles, with reference to the Mediterranean diet. Representative scientific literature was reviewed and explained, and corresponding recommendations discussed and illustrated. Starting meals with foods, courses and/or preloads high in innate/added/incorporated water and/or fibre, followed by protein-based courses, delaying carbohydrates and fatty foods and minimizing highly-processed/sweetened hedonic foods, would increase satiety-per-calorie vs. obesogenic passive overconsumption. Similarly, starting with high-water/fibre dishes, followed by high-protein foods, oils/fats, and delayed/reduced slowly-digested whole/complex carbohydrate sources, optionally closing with simpler carbohydrates/sugars, would reduce glycaemic response. Likewise, starting with foods high in innate/added/incorporated water/fibre/antioxidants, high monounsaturated fatty acid foods/oils, light proteins and whole/complex carbohydrate foods, with foods/oils low in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios, and minimal-to-no red meat and highly/ultra-processed foods/lipids, would reduce oxidative/inflammatory response. Pyramids illustrating representative meal sequences, from most-to-least protective foods, visually communicate similarities between axes, suggesting potential unification for optimal meal sequence, consistent with anti-inflammatory nutrition and Mediterranean diet/meal principles, warranting application and outcome evaluation.
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Pedersen LR, Olsen RH, Anholm C, Astrup A, Eugen-Olsen J, Fenger M, Simonsen L, Walzem RL, Haugaard SB, Prescott E. Effects of 1 year of exercise training versus combined exercise training and weight loss on body composition, low-grade inflammation and lipids in overweight patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:127. [PMID: 31575375 PMCID: PMC6774219 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidaemia and low-grade inflammation are central in atherogenesis and linked to overweight and physical inactivity. Lifestyle changes are important in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). We compared the effects of combined weight loss and interval training with interval training alone on physical fitness, body composition, dyslipidaemia and low-grade inflammation in overweight, sedentary participants with CAD. Methods Seventy CAD patients, BMI 28–40 kg/m2 and age 45–75 years were randomised to (1) 12 weeks’ aerobic interval training (AIT) at 90% of peak heart rate three times/week followed by 40 weeks’ AIT twice weekly or (2) a low energy diet (LED) (800–1000 kcal/day) for 8–10 weeks followed by 40 weeks’ weight maintenance including AIT twice weekly and a high-protein/low-glycaemic load diet. Effects of the intervention were evaluated by physical fitness, body weight and composition. Dyslipidaemia was described using both biochemical analysis of lipid concentrations and lipoprotein particle subclass distribution determined by density profiling. Low-grade inflammation was determined by C-reactive protein, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and tumour necrosis factor α. Effects on continuous outcomes were tested by mixed-models analysis. Results Twenty-six (74%) AIT and 29 (83%) LED + AIT participants completed the study. At baseline subject included 43 (78%) men; subjects averages were: age 63 years (6.2), body weight 95.9 kg (12.2) and VO2peak 20.7 mL O2/kg/min (4.9). Forty-six (84%) had pre-diabetes (i.e. impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance). LED + AIT reduced body weight by 7.2 kg (− 8.4; − 6.1) and waist circumference by 6.6 cm (− 7.7; − 5.5) compared to 1.7 kg (− 0.7; − 2.6) and 3.3 cm (− 5.1; − 1.5) after AIT (within-group p < 0.001, between-group p < 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). Treatments caused similar changes in VO2peak and lowering of total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and low-grade inflammation. A shift toward larger HDL particles was seen following LED + AIT while AIT elicited no change. Conclusions Both interventions were feasible. Both groups obtained improvements in VO2peak, serum-lipids and inflammation with superior weight loss and greater central fat loss following LED + AIT. Combined LED induced weight loss and exercise can be recommended to CAD patients. Trial registration NCT01724567, November 12, 2012, retrospectively registered (enrolment ended in April 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Rørholm Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Building 67, 1st, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NW, Denmark. .,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Zealand, Roskilde, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Huan Olsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Building 67, 1st, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NW, Denmark
| | - Christian Anholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Walzem
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Steen Bendix Haugaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amager and Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Building 67, 1st, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NW, Denmark
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Alwarith J, Kahleova H, Rembert E, Yonas W, Dort S, Calcagno M, Burgess N, Crosby L, Barnard ND. Nutrition Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Potential Use of Plant-Based Diets. A Review. Front Nutr 2019; 6:141. [PMID: 31552259 PMCID: PMC6746966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects roughly 1% of the world's population. RA pathogenesis remains unclear, but genetic factors account for 50–60% of the risk while the remainder might be linked to modifiable factors, such as infectious diseases, tobacco smoking, gut bacteria, and nutrition. Dietary triggers may play an inciting role in the autoimmune process, and a compromised intestinal barrier may allow food components or microorganisms to enter the blood stream, triggering inflammation. In addition, excessive body weight may affect pharmacotherapy response and the likelihood of disease remission, as well as the risk of disease mortality. Evidence suggests that changes in diet might play an important role in RA management and remission. Several studies have shown improvements in RA symptoms with diets excluding animal products. Studies have also shown that dietary fiber found in these plant-based foods can improve gut bacteria composition and increase bacterial diversity in RA patients, thus reducing their inflammation and joint pain. Although some of the trigger foods in RA patients are individualized, a vegan diet helps improve symptoms by eliminating many of these foods. This review examines the potential role of a plant-based diet in mediating RA symptoms. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of plant-based diets on joint pain, inflammation, and quality of life in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Alwarith
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emilie Rembert
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Willy Yonas
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sara Dort
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Manuel Calcagno
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nora Burgess
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lee Crosby
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Neal D Barnard
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.,Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Livesey G, Taylor R, Livesey HF, Buyken AE, Jenkins DJA, Augustin LSA, Sievenpiper JL, Barclay AW, Liu S, Wolever TMS, Willett WC, Brighenti F, Salas-Salvadó J, Björck I, Rizkalla SW, Riccardi G, Vecchia CL, Ceriello A, Trichopoulou A, Poli A, Astrup A, Kendall CWC, Ha MA, Baer-Sinnott S, Brand-Miller JC. Dietary Glycemic Index and Load and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Assessment of Causal Relations. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1436. [PMID: 31242690 PMCID: PMC6628270 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While dietary factors are important modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), the causal role of carbohydrate quality in nutrition remains controversial. Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been examined in relation to the risk of T2D in multiple prospective cohort studies. Previous meta-analyses indicate significant relations but consideration of causality has been minimal. Here, the results of our recent meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies of 4 to 26-y follow-up are interpreted in the context of the nine Bradford-Hill criteria for causality, that is: (1) Strength of Association, (2) Consistency, (3) Specificity, (4) Temporality, (5) Biological Gradient, (6) Plausibility, (7) Experimental evidence, (8) Analogy, and (9) Coherence. These criteria necessitated referral to a body of literature wider than prospective cohort studies alone, especially in criteria 6 to 9. In this analysis, all nine of the Hill's criteria were met for GI and GL indicating that we can be confident of a role for GI and GL as causal factors contributing to incident T2D. In addition, neither dietary fiber nor cereal fiber nor wholegrain were found to be reliable or effective surrogate measures of GI or GL. Finally, our cost-benefit analysis suggests food and nutrition advice favors lower GI or GL and would produce significant potential cost savings in national healthcare budgets. The high confidence in causal associations for incident T2D is sufficient to consider inclusion of GI and GL in food and nutrient-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Livesey
- Independent Nutrition Logic Ltd, 21 Bellrope Lane, Wymondham NR180QX, UK.
| | - Richard Taylor
- Independent Nutrition Logic Ltd, 21 Bellrope Lane, Wymondham NR180QX, UK.
| | - Helen F Livesey
- Independent Nutrition Logic Ltd, 21 Bellrope Lane, Wymondham NR180QX, UK.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- Epidemiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
| | - Alan W Barclay
- Glycemic Index Foundation, 26 Arundel St, Glebe, Sydney NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43120 Parma, Italy.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 27400 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inger Björck
- Retired from Food for Health Science Centre, Antidiabetic Food Centre, Lund University, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Salwa W Rizkalla
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, F75013 Paris, France.
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80147 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 201330 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Diabetes Department, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, I-20124 Milan, Italy.
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada.
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada.
| | - Marie-Ann Ha
- Spinney Nutrition, Shirwell, Barnstaple, Devon EX31 4JR, UK.
| | | | - Jennie C Brand-Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
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Otten J, Ryberg M, Mellberg C, Andersson T, Chorell E, Lindahl B, Larsson C, Holst JJ, Olsson T. Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon after 2 years of weight loss with a Paleolithic diet: a randomised controlled trial in healthy obese women. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:417-427. [PMID: 31042670 PMCID: PMC6528411 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate how weight loss by different diets impacts postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon. Methods In this single-centre, parallel group 2-year trial, 70 healthy postmenopausal obese women were randomised to the Paleolithic diet or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Both diets were without calorie restriction. The primary outcome was the change in fat mass. Here, secondary analyses on GLP-1, GIP and glucagon measured during an OGTT are described. Results In the Paleolithic diet group, mean weight loss compared to baseline was 11% at 6 months and 10% at 24 months. In the control diet group, mean weight loss was 6% after 6 and 24 months (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.049 for the comparison between groups at 6 and 24 months respectively). Compared to baseline, the mean incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for GLP-1 increased by 34 and 45% after 6 and 24 months in the Paleolithic diet group and increased by 59% after 24 months in the control diet group. The mean iAUC for GIP increased only in the Paleolithic diet group. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon increased during the first 6 months in both groups. The fasting glucagon increase correlated with the β-hydroxybutyrate increase. Conclusions Weight loss caused an increase in postprandial GLP-1 levels and a further rise occurred during weight maintenance. Postprandial GIP levels increased only after the Paleolithic diet. Reduced postprandial glucagon suppression may be caused by a catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Otten;
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Mellberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center for Basal Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Carbone JW, Pasiakos SM. Dietary Protein and Muscle Mass: Translating Science to Application and Health Benefit. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051136. [PMID: 31121843 PMCID: PMC6566799 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate consumption of dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of optimal health during normal growth and aging. The current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is defined as the minimum amount required to prevent lean body mass loss, but is often misrepresented and misinterpreted as a recommended optimal intake. Over the past two decades, the potential muscle-related benefits achieved by consuming higher-protein diets have become increasingly clear. Despite greater awareness of how higher-protein diets might be advantageous for muscle mass, actual dietary patterns, particularly as they pertain to protein, have remained relatively unchanged in American adults. This lack of change may, in part, result from confusion over the purported detrimental effects of higher-protein diets. This manuscript will highlight common perceptions and benefits of dietary protein on muscle mass, address misperceptions related to higher-protein diets, and comment on the translation of academic advances to real-life application and health benefit. Given the vast research evidence supporting the positive effects of dietary protein intake on optimal health, we encourage critical evaluation of current protein intake recommendations and responsible representation and application of the RDA as a minimum protein requirement rather than one determined to optimally meet the needs of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Carbone
- School of Health Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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Hruby A, Jacques PF. Dietary Protein and Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz019. [PMID: 31037277 PMCID: PMC6483052 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is thought to be a major characteristic of aging, which may increase need for substrates, specifically protein, to support anti-inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess associations between dietary protein and changes in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress over the long term in a community-dwelling population. METHODS In 2061 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort who attended exams 7 (1998-2001; mean ± SD age 60.0 ± 8.8 y, 56% female) and 8 (2005-2008), total, animal, and plant protein intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire at each exam, energy adjusted, and averaged. We defined an inflammation and oxidative stress score as the sum of rank-normalized values of 9 circulating biomarkers (C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 mass and activity), and urinary isoprostanes, along with 2 subscores. Adjusted least-square means of changes in the scores and log individual biomarkers in quartile categories of intake were estimated with the use of linear regression models, across mean ± SD 6.6 ± 0.7 y of follow-up. RESULTS Protein intake was inversely associated with changes in the inflammation and oxidative stress score (mean ± SE in Q1 compared with Q4: 0.77 ± 0.17 compared with 0.31 ± 0.19; P-trend = 0.02), indicating overall inflammation/oxidative stress increased less in those with the highest intake than in those with the lowest. Favorable associations were observed for plant protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.89 ± 0.25 compared with 0.14 ± 0.25; P-trend = 0.001), but only trended toward significance for animal protein (Q1 compared with Q4: 0.70 ± 0.26 compared with 0.31 ± 0.26; P-trend = 0.05). Total protein and plant protein intakes were also inversely associated with changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (total: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.19 ± 0.01 compared with 0.15 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.03; plant: Q1 compared with Q4: 0.21 ± 0.01 compared with 0.16 ± 0.01 log-pg/mL; P-trend = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Dietary protein, particularly from plant sources, may be associated with beneficial changes in the inflammatory burden in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Hruby
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA
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Markova M, Koelman L, Hornemann S, Pivovarova O, Sucher S, Machann J, Rudovich N, Thomann R, Schneeweiss R, Rohn S, Pfeiffer AFH, Aleksandrova K. Effects of plant and animal high protein diets on immune-inflammatory biomarkers: A 6-week intervention trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:862-869. [PMID: 30967307 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pro-inflammatory biomarkers are well-established contributors to insulin resistance and represent valid targets for diabetes management and prevention. Yet, little is known whether nutrition could play a role in modulating various aspects of immune-inflammatory responses. Our aim is to assess the effect of isocaloric animal and plant protein dietary interventions on selected biomarkers representing various immune-inflammatory pathways. METHODS We enrolled 37 participants with type 2 diabetes (age 64 ± 6 years, body mass index 30.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2, glycated hemoglobin 7.0 ± 0.6%) who underwent an either high-animal protein (AP) or high-plant protein (PP) diet (30 E% protein, 40 E% carbohydrates, 30 E% fat) for 6-weeks. Clinical examinations were performed at beginning and end of the study. Levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines [chemerin, progranulin], cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)], and proteins [calprotectin, lactoferrin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)] were determined in blood serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Chemerin and progranulin concentrations decreased following AP and PP diets. TGF-β1 increased in AP and decreased in PP, whereas calprotectin increased in PP and decreased in AP. No statistically significant differences in the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, suPAR, lactoferrin and GDF-15 could be seen in either of the protein diet arms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that both AP and PP diets may effectively reduce the levels of the pro-inflammatory adipokines chemerin and progranulin. The effects on the additional immune-inflammatory biomarkers seem to be more complex. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT02402985 (ww.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Markova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany.
| | - Liselot Koelman
- Senior Scientist Group Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sucher
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Juergen Machann
- University of Tübingen, Experimental Radiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Buelach, Buelach, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Thomann
- Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Senior Scientist Group Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany.
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Marinangeli CPF, Castellano J, Torrance P, Lewis J, Gall Casey C, Tanuta J, Curran J, Harding SV, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Positioning the Value of Dietary Carbohydrate, Carbohydrate Quality, Glycemic Index, and GI Labelling to the Canadian Consumer for Improving Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020457. [PMID: 30813261 PMCID: PMC6412396 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this qualitative study was to: (1) understand Canadian consumers’ knowledge and perception of dietary carbohydrates, carbohydrate quality, and the glycemic index (GI); and (2) determine Canadian’s receptiveness to GI labelling to assist with identifying and consuming foods of higher carbohydrate quality. Focus groups were recruited in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal and grouped according to body mass index (BMI) (NBW, normal body weight; PO, previously obese; and OW/OB, overweight/obese) and diagnosis with prediabetes and diabetes (PO (Vancouver) and OW/OB (Montreal and Toronto). Subjects in all groups linked excess consumption of carbohydrate with weight gain. PO and OW/OB groups were conflicted between perceived negative consequences and feelings of pleasure associated with carbohydrate consumption. Subjects were largely unfamiliar with the term ‘carbohydrate quality’, but were often associated with classifying carbohydrates as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. The concept of the GI resonated well across groups after exposure to corresponding educational materials. However, NBW groups largely felt that the GI was irrelevant to their dietary choices as they did not have a history of diabetes. PO and OW/OB groups associated the GI with diabetes management. The concept of a GI labelling program to help facilitate healthier carbohydrate choices was well received across all groups, especially when the low GI was interpreted as giving permission to consume foods they enjoyed eating. Results suggest that the GI could be used as a consumer-facing labelling program in Canada and assist with de-stigmatizing carbohydrate foods by helping to facilitate the consumption of carbohydrate foods that align with healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P F Marinangeli
- Nutrition Science and Regulatory Affairs, Pulse Canada. 920-220 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Joanna Castellano
- Q Quest. First Canadian Place, 100 King St W #5700, Toronto, ON M5X 1C7, Canada.
| | - Peg Torrance
- Q Quest. First Canadian Place, 100 King St W #5700, Toronto, ON M5X 1C7, Canada.
| | - Joanne Lewis
- Diabetes Canada. 1400⁻522 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2R5, Canada.
| | | | - Jackie Tanuta
- Nutrition Science and Regulatory Affairs, Pulse Canada. 920-220 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Julianne Curran
- Nutrition Science and Regulatory Affairs, Pulse Canada. 920-220 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0A5, Canada.
| | - Scott V Harding
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
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Zafar MI, Mills KE, Zheng J, Peng MM, Ye X, Chen LL. Low glycaemic index diets as an intervention for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:290-315. [PMID: 30460737 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may aid in weight loss by reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions, leading to more stable blood glucose concentrations and therefore a reduction in hunger. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low GI diets with other diet types. METHODS We included 101 studies involving 109 study arms and 8,527 participants. We meta-analysed the studies using a random-effects model and conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on control diet, blood glucose control, baseline BMI and dietary GI. RESULTS Low GI diets resulted in small but significant improvements in body weight, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol overall, although no individual control diet was significantly different from low GI diets. Studies in people with normal blood glucose who achieved a difference in GI of 20 points or more resulted in a larger reduction in body weight (SMD = -0.26; 95% CIs [-0.43, -0.09]), and total cholesterol (SMD = -0.24; 95% CIs [-0.42, -0.05]) than studies that only achieved a smaller reduction in GI. CONCLUSIONS Low GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K E Mills
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M M Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bianchi VE. Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Galarregui C, Zulet MÁ, Cantero I, Marín-Alejandre BA, Monreal JI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Herrero JI, Tur JA, Abete I, Martínez JA. Interplay of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Capacity with Insulin Resistance in Subjects with a Cardiometabolic Risk Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113662. [PMID: 30463312 PMCID: PMC6275010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet–disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects. Methods: A total of 112 overweight or obese adults (age: 50.8 ± 9 years old) were included in the trial. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was also used to calculate the dietary TAC, GI, and GL. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), glycemic and lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as fatty liver quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Results: Subjects with higher values of TAC had significantly lower circulating insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants with higher values of HOMA-IR showed significantly higher GI and GL. Correlation analyses showed relevant inverse associations of GI and GL with TAC. A regression model evidenced a relationship of HOMA-IR with TAC, GI, and GL. Conclusion: This data reinforces the concept that dietary TAC, GI, and GL are potential markers of diet quality, which have an impact on the susceptible population with a cardiometabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galarregui
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Irene Cantero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Bertha Araceli Marín-Alejandre
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Monreal
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mariana Elorz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Radiodiagnostic Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Benito-Boillos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Radiodiagnostic Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Herrero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Liver Unit, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Josep Antoni Tur
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain.
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Department, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Relevance of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load for Body Weight, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101361. [PMID: 30249012 PMCID: PMC6213615 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite initial enthusiasm, the relationship between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic response (GR) and disease prevention remains unclear. This review examines evidence from randomized, controlled trials and observational studies in humans for short-term (e.g., satiety) and long-term (e.g., weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes) health effects associated with different types of GI diets. A systematic PubMed search was conducted of studies published between 2006 and 2018 with key words glycemic index, glycemic load, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, body weight, satiety, and obesity. Criteria for inclusion for observational studies and randomized intervention studies were set. The search yielded 445 articles, of which 73 met inclusion criteria. Results suggest an equivocal relationship between GI/GR and disease outcome. The strongest intervention studies typically find little relationship among GI/GR and physiological measures of disease risk. Even for observational studies, the relationship between GI/GR and disease outcomes is limited. Thus, it is unlikely that the GI of a food or diet is linked to disease risk or health outcomes. Other measures of dietary quality, such as fiber or whole grains may be more likely to predict health outcomes. Interest in food patterns as predictors of health benefits may be more fruitful for research to inform dietary guidance.
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Pfeiffer AFH, Keyhani-Nejad F. High Glycemic Index Metabolic Damage - a Pivotal Role of GIP and GLP-1. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:289-299. [PMID: 29602522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
When glucose-fructose dimers are supplied as the slowly digestible, completely absorbable, low glycemic index (GI) sugar isomaltulose, the detrimental effects of high GI sucrose are avoided. This difference requires the presence of intact glucose-induced insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) and is mediated by the rapid uptake of glucose and the stimulation of GIP release from K cells in the upper small intestine. GIP promotes lipogenesis, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and postprandial inflammation, and reduces fat oxidation in skeletal muscle, partly by hypothalamic interference with energy partitioning and epigenetic programming. GIP is similarly required for the detrimental metabolic effects of other high GI carbohydrates. We therefore propose that the release of GIP in the upper small intestine is an important determinant of the metabolic quality of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam and Berlin.
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Food pyramid for subjects with chronic pain: foods and dietary constituents as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:131-151. [PMID: 29679994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet constituents may play a modulatory role in chronic pain (CP) through management of inflammation/oxidative stress, resulting in attenuation of pain. We performed a narrative review to evaluate the existing evidence regarding the optimum diet for the management of CP, and we built a food pyramid on this topic. The present review also describes the activities of various natural compounds contained in foods (i.e. phenolic compounds in extra-virgin olive oil (EVO)) listed on our pyramid, which have comparable effects to drug management therapy. This review included 172 eligible studies. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates with low glycaemic index should be consumed every day (three portions), together with fruits and vegetables (five portions), yogurt (125 ml), red wine (125 ml) and EVO; weekly: legumes and fish (four portions); white meat, eggs and fresh cheese (two portions); red or processed meats (once per week); sweets can be consumed occasionally. The food amounts are estimates based on nutritional and practical considerations. At the top of the pyramid there is a pennant: it means that CP subjects may need a specific customised supplementation (vitamin B12, vitamin D, n-3 fatty acids, fibre). The food pyramid proposal will serve to guide dietary intake with to the intent of alleviating pain in CP patients. Moreover, a targeted diet can also help to solve problems related to the drugs used to combat CP, i.e. constipation. However, this paper would be an early hypothetical proposal due to the limitations of the studies.
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Milajerdi A, Saneei P, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:593-606. [PMID: 29635487 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, there is no study available that summarizes earlier findings on the effect of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on inflammatory biomarkers. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to systematically review the available clinical trials that examined the effects of low-GI (LGI) and low-GL (LGL) diets on several inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Design We searched for relevant articles published up to June 2017 through PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with the use of relevant keywords. Clinical trials that examined the effect of dietary GI and GL on inflammation in adults were included. Results Overall, 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 2961 participants (59% women, 41% men) were included in this meta-analysis. By combining findings from 14 studies on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations, we found no significant effect of LGI or LGL diets on serum hs-CRP concentrations compared with the control diet [weighted mean difference (WMD) for dietary GI: -0.05 mg/L (95% CI: -0.21, 0.10 mg/L); and WMD for dietary GL: 0.08 mg/L (95% CI: -0.26, 0.42 mg/L), respectively]. After combining effect sizes from 5 studies, we did not find significant changes in serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations comparing control diets with LGI (WMD: -0.18 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.43, 0.06 mg/L) or LGL (WMD: -0.20 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.33, 0.07 mg/L) diets. Significant changes were also not seen in leptin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations after the consumption of LGI or LGL diets. Conclusions We did not find any significant effect of dietary GI or GL on serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including hs-CRP, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α in adults. Additional RCTs-in particular, feeding trials-are required to shed light on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dietary Pattern and Macronutrients Profile on the Variation of Inflammatory Biomarkers: Scientific Update. Cardiol Res Pract 2018; 2018:4762575. [PMID: 29725543 PMCID: PMC5872610 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4762575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.
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Kim Y, Chen J, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hebert JR. Lower Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated with Lower Glycemic Index Scores among College Students. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020182. [PMID: 29414858 PMCID: PMC5852758 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), the glycemic index (GI), and the glycemic load (GL) is not known, although it is known that carbohydrates are pro-inflammatory. We aimed to measure the association between the DII and both GI and GL among college students. In this cross-sectional study, 110 college students completed a 3-day food diary, which was used to calculate the DII, the GI, the GL, and the healthy eating index (HEI)-2010. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals of the GI, the GL, and the HEI-2010 were presented per DII tertile using generalized linear mixed models. Participants in tertile 1 of DII scores had lower GI and GL scores, but higher HEI-2010 scores than those in tertile 3. Pearson correlations showed that DII score was positively correlated with the GI score (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with the HEI-2010 (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). DII score was not correlated with GL score. Results from this study suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as represented by higher DII scores, was associated with increased GI scores and lower quality of diet on the HEI-2010. Use of the DII suggests new directions for dietary approaches for preventing chronic diseases that moves beyond convention by decreasing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Human Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Human Ecology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hebert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
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Fernando WB, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Villemagne VL, Burnham SC, Macaulay SL, Brown BM, Gupta VB, Sohrabi HR, Weinborn M, Taddei K, Laws SM, Goozee K, Ames D, Fowler C, Maruff P, Masters CL, Salvado O, Rowe CC, Martins RN. Associations of Dietary Protein and Fiber Intake with Brain and Blood Amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1589-1598. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.M.A.D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - S. Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Kathryn Goozee
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- McCusker KARVIAH Research Centre, ARV, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent’s Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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43
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Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. Impact of Dietary Fiber Consumption on Insulin Resistance and the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr 2018; 148:7-12. [PMID: 29378044 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Large prospective cohort studies consistently show associations of a high dietary fiber intake (>25 g/d in women and >38 g/d in men) with a 20-30% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), after correction for confounders. It is less well recognized that these effects appear to be mainly driven by high intakes of whole grains and insoluble cereal fibers, which typically are nonviscous and do not relevantly influence postprandial glucose responses [i.e., glycemic index (GI)] or are strongly fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon. In contrast, a dietary focus on soluble, viscous, gel-forming, more readily fermentable fiber intakes derived from fruit and certain vegetables yields mixed results and generally does not appear to reduce T2D risk. Although disentangling types of fiber-rich foods and separating these from possible effects related to the GI is an obvious challenge, the common conclusion that key metabolic effects of high-fiber intake are explained by mechanisms that should mainly apply to the soluble, viscous type can be challenged. More recently, studies in humans and animal models focused on gaining mechanistic insights into why especially high-cereal-fiber (HCF) diets appear to improve insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes risk. Although effects of HCF diets on weight loss are only moderate and comparable to other types of dietary fibers, possible novel mechanisms have emerged, which include the prevention of the absorption of dietary protein and modulation of the amino acid metabolic signature. Here we provide an update of our previous review from 2008, with a focus on mechanistic insights of how HCF diets may improve IR and the risk of developing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Weickert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom.,Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-University-Medicine-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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van Baak MA, Larsen TM, Jebb SA, Martinez A, Saris WHM, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kafatos A, Pfeiffer AFH, Kunešová M, Astrup A. Dietary Intake of Protein from Different Sources and Weight Regain, Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors after Weight Loss: The DIOGenes Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121326. [PMID: 29211027 PMCID: PMC5748776 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in dietary protein intake has been shown to improve weight loss maintenance in the DIOGenes trial. Here, we analysed whether the source of the dietary proteins influenced changes in body weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors during the weight maintenance period while following an energy-restricted diet. 489 overweight or obese participants of the DIOGenes trial from eight European countries were included. They successfully lost >8% of body weight and subsequently completed a six month weight maintenance period, in which they consumed an ad libitum diet varying in protein content and glycemic index. Dietary intake was estimated from three-day food diaries. A higher plant protein intake with a proportional decrease in animal protein intake did not affect body weight maintenance or cardiometabolic risk factors. A higher plant protein intake from non-cereal products instead of cereal products was associated with benefits for body weight maintenance and blood pressure. Substituting meat protein for protein from other animal sources increased insulin and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). This analysis suggests that not only the amount of dietary proteins, but also the source may be important for weight and cardiometabolic risk management. However, randomized trials are needed to test the causality of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen A van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas M Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Anthony Kafatos
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Samblas M, Milagro FI, Zulet MA, Mansego ML, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Association of low dietary folate intake with lower CAMKK2 gene methylation, adiposity, and insulin resistance in obese subjects. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 29540272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Folate deficiency has been putatively implicated in the onset of diverse metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, by altering epigenetic processes on key regulatory genes. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is involved in the regulation of critical metabolic processes such as adiposity and glucose homeostasis. This study hypothesized associations between low folate intakes and lower methylation levels of the CAMKK2 gene, with the presence of metabolic alterations in subjects with obesity. A cross-sectional ancillary study was conducted in obese subjects (n=47) from the RESMENA study (Spain). Fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake and metabolic profile were assessed by validated methods. DNA methylation and gene expression in peripheral white blood cells were analyzed by microarray approaches. A total of 51 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were associated with folate intake (false discovery rate values < 0.0001), including one located in the 5' untranslated region of the CAMKK2 gene (Illumina ID, cg16942632), which was selected and separately analyzed. Subjects with total folate intake lower than 300μg/d showed more fat mass (especially trunk fat), as well as statistically higher levels of glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, cortisol, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 than those consuming at least or more than 300μg/d. Of note, folate deficiency was related to lower CAMKK2 methylation. Interestingly, CAMKK2 methylation negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR index. Furthermore, CAMKK2 expression directly correlated with HOMA-IR values. In summary, this study suggests associations between low folate intakes, lower CAMKK2 gene methylation, and insulin resistance in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirian Samblas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria L Mansego
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Zhang XE, Cheng B, Wang Q, Wan JJ. Association of gender-specific risk factors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: an NHANES-based cross-sectional study. J Investig Med 2017; 66:22-31. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Clar C, Al-Khudairy L, Loveman E, Kelly SA, Hartley L, Flowers N, Germanò R, Frost G, Rees K. Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 7:CD004467. [PMID: 28759107 PMCID: PMC6483287 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of the ability of a carbohydrate to affect blood glucose. Interest is growing in this area for the clinical management of people at risk of, or with, established cardiovascular disease. There is a need to review the current evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this area. This is an update of the original review published in 2008. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of the dietary GI on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure) in healthy people or people who have established cardiovascular disease or related risk factors, using all eligible randomised controlled trials. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL in July 2016. We also checked reference lists of relevant articles. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected RCTs that assessed the effects of low GI diets compared to diets with a similar composition but a higher GI on cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. Minimum trial duration was 12 weeks. Participants included were healthy adults or those at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, or previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Studies in people with diabetes mellitus were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies. Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias, evaluated the overall quality of the evidence using GRADE, and extracted data following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We contacted trial authors for additional information. Analyses were checked by a second reviewer. Continuous outcomes were synthesized using mean differences and adverse events were synthesized narratively. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-one RCTs were included, with a total of 2538 participants randomised to low GI intervention (1288) or high GI (1250). All 21 included studies reported the effect of low GI diets on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including blood lipids and blood pressure.Twenty RCTs (18 of which were newly included in this version of the review) included primary prevention populations (healthy individuals or those at high risk of CVD, with mean age range from 19 to 69 years) and one RCT was in those diagnosed with pre-existing CVD (a secondary prevention population, with mean age 26.9 years). Most of the studies did not have an intervention duration of longer than six months. Difference in GI intake between comparison groups varied widely from 0.6 to 42.None of the included studies reported the effect of low GI dietary intake on cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events such as fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and stroke. The unclear risk of bias of most of the included studies makes overall interpretation of the data difficult. Only two of the included studies (38 participants) reported on adverse effects and did not observe any harms (low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently no evidence available regarding the effect of low GI diets on cardiovascular disease events. Moreover, there is currently no convincing evidence that low GI diets have a clear beneficial effect on blood lipids or blood pressure parameters.
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Sucher S, Markova M, Hornemann S, Pivovarova O, Rudovich N, Thomann R, Schneeweiss R, Rohn S, Pfeiffer AFH. Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:944-952. [PMID: 28181738 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare high animal protein (AP) with high plant protein (PP) diets, differing in amino acid composition, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared isocaloric diets containing 30% of energy either as AP or PP, using newly developed PP-enriched foods, both combined with 30% energy as fat and 40% as carbohydrates in 44 patients with T2DM over 6 weeks in a randomized parallel-group study. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps and cardiovascular variables were measured. RESULTS Uric acid decreased in both groups, but significantly more in the AP than the PP group. There were no significant differences in other variables, although glycated haemoglobin levels, diastolic blood pressure and fasting non-esterified fatty acid levels improved significantly in the PP but not in the AP group. Insulin sensitivity (M-value), C-reactive protein and fasting glucose improved significantly in the AP but not in the PP group. Total and LDL cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups, and the urinary albumin excretion rate decreased from baseline in participants with microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Isocaloric diets high in AP or PP allow similar improvements in metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in people with T2DM, indicating that the differences in amino acid composition do not affect the metabolic responses to the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sucher
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mariya Markova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Buelach, Buelach, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Thomann
- Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Kim S, Lee HS, Park HK, Linton JA, Lee JW, Lee H. Visceral adiposity and expression of clock genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2017. [PMID: 28650669 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1337780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a close interrelationship between disrupted circadian rhythms and obesity and metabolic disturbances. In particular, abdominal obesity, which contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease, is associated with disrupted clock gene expression. However, little is known about the relationship between clock gene expression and accurate computed tomography (CT)-based measurements of visceral adiposity. Therefore, we examined the relationship between expression of clock genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in 75 healthy overweight or obese individuals. PBMCs were obtained from blood samples collected at 8 AM, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were measured by CT. Our results showed that visceral fat area was significantly positively correlated with BMAL1 and CRY1 mRNA levels and significantly negatively correlated with CLOCK, PER2, PER3 and CRY2 mRNA levels. In contrast, subcutaneous fat area was not correlated with the expression of any of the clock genes analyzed. After adjusting for multiple variables, visceral fat area was significantly associated with the expression of BMAL1, PER2 and CRY1. Taken together, our results indicate that visceral adiposity, but not subcutaneous adiposity, correlates with expression of clock genes in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kim
- a International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- b Biostatistics Collaboration Unit , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Gangnam-gu , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Park
- c Department of Clinical Nursing , Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| | - John A Linton
- a International Health Care Center, Severance Hospital , Yonsei University Health System , Seoul , Korea.,d Department of Family Medicine , Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- e Department of Family Medicine , Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- c Department of Clinical Nursing , Biobehavioral Research Center, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea.,f Department of Clinical Nursing , Yonsei University College of Nursing , Seoul , Korea
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