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Zhang Q, Chen G, Feng Y, Li M, Liu X, Ma L, Zhang J, Wang S. Association of chrononutrition patterns with biological aging: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38980112 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies mostly focused on the benefits of caloric restriction and fasting on longevity. However, whether the timing and frequency of eating affect aging remains unclear. Here, we investigated the associations between chrononutrition patterns and biological aging, and explored whether and to what extent dietary inflammation mediated this association. 16 531 adults aged 20 to 84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were collected. Chrononutrition patterns were determined with two 24-hour dietary recalls. Phenotypic age was calculated to reflect the biological aging status. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was used to assess the dietary inflammation. After adjustment of the survey weight and multiple covariates including total energy intake, participants in the third tertile of the time of the first meal (mean 10 : 26) exhibited more advanced biological age (β 0.64; 95% CI, 0.26-1.00) and a higher incidence of accelerated aging (odds ratio (OR) 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.47) compared to those of the first tertile (mean 6 : 14). Higher eating frequency was associated with delayed biological aging in both multivariable linear (β -0.31; 95% CI, -0.44 to -0.19) and logistic regression model (OR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95). Furthermore, we found that DII rather than metabolic factors mediated the inverse association between eating frequency and biological aging (mediation proportion 24.67%; 95% CI, 19.83%-32.00%). Our findings demonstrated the association between chrononutrition patterns and biological aging among the US general population and the potential role of dietary inflammation in this association, suggesting that modifying chrononutrition patterns may be a practical and cost-effective strategy for combating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lanfang Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guiyang Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou 550003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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Wang R, Liao Y, Deng Y, Shuang R. Unraveling the Health Benefits and Mechanisms of Time-Restricted Feeding: Beyond Caloric Restriction. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae074. [PMID: 38954563 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a lifestyle intervention that aims to maintain a consistent daily cycle of feeding and fasting to support robust circadian rhythms. Recently, it has gained scientific, medical, and public attention due to its potential to enhance body composition, extend lifespan, and improve overall health, as well as induce autophagy and alleviate symptoms of diseases like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic injury. However, there is still considerable debate on the primary factors that contribute to the health benefits of TRF. Despite not imposing strict limitations on calorie intake, TRF consistently led to reductions in calorie intake. Therefore, while some studies suggest that the health benefits of TRF are primarily due to caloric restriction (CR), others argue that the key advantages of TRF arise not only from CR but also from factors like the duration of fasting, the timing of the feeding period, and alignment with circadian rhythms. To elucidate the roles and mechanisms of TRF beyond CR, this review incorporates TRF studies that did not use CR, as well as TRF studies with equivalent energy intake to CR, which addresses the previous lack of comprehensive research on TRF without CR and provides a framework for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Wang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Rong Shuang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
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Chmielewski PP, Data K, Strzelec B, Farzaneh M, Anbiyaiee A, Zaheer U, Uddin S, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases: From Underlying Mechanisms to Pro-Longevity Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0280. [PMID: 38913049 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy continues to rise, becoming a pressing global concern, it brings into focus the underlying mechanisms of aging. The increasing lifespan has led to a growing elderly population grappling with age-related diseases (ARDs), which strains healthcare systems and economies worldwide. While human senescence was once regarded as an immutable and inexorable phenomenon, impervious to interventions, the emerging field of geroscience now offers innovative approaches to aging, holding the promise of extending the period of healthspan in humans. Understanding the intricate links between aging and pathologies is essential in addressing the challenges presented by aging populations. A substantial body of evidence indicates shared mechanisms and pathways contributing to the development and progression of various ARDs. Consequently, novel interventions targeting the intrinsic mechanisms of aging have the potential to delay the onset of diverse pathological conditions, thereby extending healthspan. In this narrative review, we discuss the most promising methods and interventions aimed at modulating aging, which harbor the potential to mitigate ARDs in the future. We also outline the complexity of senescence and review recent empirical evidence to identify rational strategies for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawel Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Strzelec
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Medical University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Uzma Zaheer
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, The University of Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Chen HJ, Tsai YC, Hsu YT, Chu J. Effect of recommendations of breakfast and late-evening snack habits on body composition and blood pressure: A pilot randomized trial. Chronobiol Int 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38860554 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2363492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Breakfast skipping and late-evening snack are prevalent in young adults. This randomized controlled intervention aimed to evaluate the influence of meal habit recommendations on young adults' body composition and blood pressure. Nonpregnant adults (≥20 y old) who were eligible for bioelectrical impedance analysis examination (neither pacemaker installed nor medications that would affect body composition, like diuretics or corticosteroids) were enrolled after they provided informed consent (n = 125). Subjects were randomized into three groups, every group receiving one of the following recommendations: (a) daily breakfast consumption (within 2 h after waking up), (b) avoidance of late-evening snacks (after 21:00h or within 4 h before sleep, with the exception of water), and (c) both recommendations. Body composition and blood pressure were measured before randomization at baseline and at the follow-up 1 y later. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that the recommendation of daily breakfast may contribute to a lower increment of diastolic blood pressure by 3.23 mmHg (95% CI: 0.17-6.28). Receiving the breakfast recommendation was associated with more reduction of total body fat percent by 2.99% (95% CI: 0.23-5.74) and percent trunk fat by 3.63% (95% CI: 0.40-6.86) in inactive youths. Recommendation of avoiding late-evening snack did not significantly affect the outcome measures (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03828812).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jen Chen
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Tsai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tien Hsu
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chu
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Świątkiewicz I, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska J, Nartowicz M, Sokołowski K, Sutkowy P, Rajewski P, Buczkowski K, Chudzińska M, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, Woźniak A. Feasibility and Cardiometabolic Effects of Time-Restricted Eating in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:1802. [PMID: 38931157 PMCID: PMC11206952 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a prolonged daily eating window (EW) are associated with circadian rhythm disruption and increased cardiometabolic risk. Misalignment between circadian timing system and daily rhythms of food intake adversely impacts metabolic regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular function. Restricting the daily EW by imposing an eating-fasting cycle through time-restricted eating (TRE) can restore robust circadian rhythms, support cellular metabolism, and improve cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to assess a feasibility of 12-week TRE intervention with self-selected 10 h EW and effects of TRE on EW duration, cardiometabolic outcomes, daily rhythms of behavior, and wellbeing in Polish patients with MetS and EW ≥ 14 h/day. Dietary intake was monitored with a validated myCircadianClock application (mCC app). Adherence to TRE defined as the proportion of days recorded with mCC app in which participants satisfied 10-h TRE was the primary outcome. A total of 26 patients (aged 45 ± 13 years, 62% women, 3.3 ± 0.5 MetS criteria, EW 14 ± 1.5 h/day) were enrolled. Coexistence of increased waist circumference (WC) (96% of patients), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (77%), and elevated blood pressure (BP) (69%) was the most common MetS pattern (50%). TRE intervention (mean duration of 81.6 ± 12.6 days) led to reducing daily EW by 28% (p < 0.0001). Adherence to TRE was 87 ± 13%. Adherence to logging food intake on mCC app during TRE was 70 ± 27%. Post TRE, a decrease in body weight (2%, 1.7 ± 3.6 kg, p = 0.026), body mass index (BMI) (1%, 0.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2, p = 0.027), WC (2%, 2.5 ± 3.9 cm, p = 0.003), systolic BP (4%, 4.8 ± 9.0 mmHg, p = 0.012), FPG (4%, 3.8 ± 6.9 mg/dL, p = 0.037), glycated hemoglobin (4%, 0.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.011), mean fasting glucose level from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) (4%, 4.0 ± 6.1 mg/dL, p = 0.002), and sleepiness score (25%, 1.9 ± 3.2 points, p = 0043) were observed. A significant decrease in body weight (2%), BMI (2%), WC (3%), mean CGM fasting glucose (6%), sleepiness score (27%), and depression score (60%) was found in patients with mean post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day (58% of total), and not in patients with EW > 10 h/day. Adherence to TRE was higher in patients with post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day vs. patients with EW > 10 h/day (94 ± 6% vs. 77 ± 14%, p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that 10-h TRE was feasible in the European MetS population. TRE resulted in reducing daily EW and improved cardiometabolic outcomes and wellbeing in patients with MetS and prolonged EW. Use of the mCC app can aid in implementing TRE. This pilot clinical trial provides exploratory data that are a basis for a large-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and sustainability of TRE for reducing cardiometabolic risks in MetS populations. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of TRE effects, including its impact on circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Nartowicz
- Clinical Nutrition Team, Oncology Center—Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Sokołowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Sutkowy
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Rajewski
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Treatment, 85-676 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Emily N. C. Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
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Wang Y, Li F, Li X, Wu J, Chen X, Su Y, Qin T, Liu X, Liang L, Ma J, Qin P. Breakfast skipping and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Food Funct 2024; 15:5703-5713. [PMID: 38738978 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies reported inconsistent association between breakfast skipping and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate these associations. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to July 2023 for prospective cohort studies that assessed the association between breakfast skipping and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in general adults. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis performed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the study and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: The final analysis included 9 cohort studies including 242 095 participants, with 6 studies for all-cause mortality, 4 studies for CVD mortality, and 2 studies for cancer mortality. Compared to regular breakfast consumption, skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.07-1.51, I2 = 77%), CVD (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.50, I2 = 0), and cancer (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.61, I2 = 0%) mortality. Sensitivity analysis revealed inconsistent results in all-cause and CVD mortality. Subgroup analysis showed significant association in studies with larger participants, longer follow-up, adjustments for energy intake, and high-quality articles. GRADE showed very low evidence for all-cause mortality and low evidence for CVD and cancer mortality. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of regular breakfast habits for health and longevity. However, these results require careful interpretation due to geographic limitations, potential heterogeneity, and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Wang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Su
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhang Qin
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Ma
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pei Qin
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, No. 128, Gongye 7th Road, Shekou Street, Shenzhen, 518037, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang X, Schenk JM, Perrigue M, Drewnowski A, Wang CY, Beatty SJ, Neuhouser ML. No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00228-1. [PMID: 38703890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating frequency (EF) focuses on the total number of eating occasions per day and may influence metabolic health. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the effect of high compared with low EF on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers among healthy adults. METHODS Data are from a randomized, crossover trial (the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones study). Participants (n = 50) completed 2 isocaloric 21-d study periods of low EF (3 eating occasions/d) and high EF (6 eating occasions/d) in random order with a 14-d washout period in between. Participants were free-living and consumed their own food, using study-directed, structured meal plans with identical foods and total energy in both study periods. On days 1 and 21 of each EF period, fasting blood was collected during in-person clinic visits to assess plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Linear mixed models with EF, diet sequence, and period as fixed effects and participant as random effect were used to estimate the intervention effect. Interaction effects between EF and body fat percentage were examined. RESULTS Among the 50 participants who completed the trial, 39 (78%) were women, 30 (60%) were Non-Hispanic White, and 40 (80%) had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2, and the mean age was 32.1 y. The differences between high and low EF in fasting ghrelin (geometric mean difference: 17.76 ng/mL; P = 0.60), leptin (geometric mean difference: 2.09 ng/mL; P = 0.14), adiponectin (geometric mean difference: 381.7 ng/mL; P = 0.32), and hs-CRP (geometric mean difference: -0.018 mg/dL; P = 0.08) were not statistically significant. No significant interaction was observed between EF and body fat percentage on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS No differences was observed in fasting ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP comparing high and low EF. Future studies are needed to understand the physiology of EF and appetite as they relate to metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02392897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeannette M Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martine Perrigue
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ching-Yun Wang
- Biostatistics Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sarah J Beatty
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
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Tang W, Spiegelman D, Liao X, Wang M. Causal Selection of Covariates in Regression Calibration for Mismeasured Continuous Exposure. Epidemiology 2024; 35:320-328. [PMID: 38630507 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Regression calibration as developed by Rosner, Spiegelman, and Willett is used to adjust the bias in effect estimates due to measurement error in continuous exposures. The method involves two models: a measurement error model relating the mismeasured exposure to the true (or gold-standard) exposure and an outcome model relating the mismeasured exposure to the outcome. However, no comprehensive guidance exists for determining which covariates should be included in each model. In this article, we investigate the selection of the minimal and most efficient covariate adjustment sets under a causal inference framework. We show that to address the measurement error, researchers must adjust for, in both measurement error and outcome models, any common causes (1) of true exposure and the outcome and (2) of measurement error and the outcome. We also show that adjusting for so-called prognostic variables that are independent of true exposure and measurement error in the outcome model, may increase efficiency, while adjusting for any covariates that are associated only with true exposure generally results in efficiency loss in realistic settings. We apply the proposed covariate selection approach to the Health Professional Follow-up Study dataset to study the effect of fiber intake on cardiovascular disease. Finally, we extend the originally proposed estimators to a nonparametric setting where effect modification by covariates is allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Tang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
- Center on Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiaomei Liao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Molin Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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9
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Imaizumi K, Murata T, Isogami H, Fukuda T, Kyozuka H, Yasuda S, Yamaguchi A, Sato A, Ogata Y, Shinoki K, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Hashimoto K, Fujimori K, Nishigori H. Association between daily breakfast habit during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in 3-year-old offspring: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6337. [PMID: 38491068 PMCID: PMC10943246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between daily breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment remains unknown. We evaluated the association between breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Data of 72,260 women with singleton deliveries at and after 37 weeks of gestation enrolled during 2011-2014 in the Japan Environment and Children's Study were analysed. Offspring neurodevelopmental delays at 3 years of age were evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Participants were stratified by tertiles of maternal daily energy intake (DEI) (Groups 1, 2, and 3:< 1400, 1400-1799, and ≥ 1800 kcal, respectively) during pregnancy and by offspring sex. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for abnormality in communication among participants with daily breakfast consumption habit was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.96). A stratified analysis based on total DEI showed no significant differences in the neurodevelopment of Group 1 offspring. The aOR for abnormality in communication was 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.94) in Group 2. The aOR for abnormality in personal-social characteristics was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.99) in Group 3. Maternal daily breakfast habits are associated with offspring neurodevelopment at 3 years of age, with the association influenced by maternal DEI and offspring sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Imaizumi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Isogami
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaguchi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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10
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Luz CSDS, Fonseca AETPD, Santos JS, Araujo JF, Duarte LL, Moreno CRDC. Association of Meal Timing with Sleep Quality and Anxiety According to Chronotype: A Study of University Students. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:156-169. [PMID: 38534799 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There are several determinants of mental health symptoms, ranging from individual characteristics to social factors. Consistent with patterns in the general population, students with evening characteristics tend to exhibit more anxiety symptoms and poorer sleep quality compared to morning students. Meal timing also appears to affect sleep and may be associated with mental health symptoms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the timing of the main and last meals of the day with sleep quality and anxiety levels, according to the chronotype of university students. This study was conducted in colleges in São Paulo, Brazil, and involved application of a questionnaire to 162 university students. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic information meal and study times, and included scales assessing eveningness and morningness, sleep quality, and anxiety. Students demonstrating a phase delay in both chronotype and dinner timing exhibited higher levels of anxiety compared to morning-type students. Although no associations were observed between meal timing and sleep quality, sleeping later was associated with poorer sleep quality. The study suggests that evening students and those who eat late at night are more prone to presenting mental health symptoms. More studies are needed to further investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Souza da Silva Luz
- Department of Health, Life Cycles, and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Jefferson Souza Santos
- Department of Health, Life Cycles, and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Department of Theory and Foundations of Education, Education Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80230-130, Brazil
| | - John Fontenele Araujo
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Lourenção Duarte
- Department for Health Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Brazil
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11
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Crispim CA, Rinaldi AEM, Azeredo CM, Skene DJ, Moreno CRC. Is time of eating associated with BMI and obesity? A population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:527-537. [PMID: 38082033 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time-related eating patterns have been associated with metabolic and nutritional diseases such as obesity. However, there is a lack of representative studies on this subject. This study's aim was to assess the association between the timing of eating and obesity in a large and representative sample of the Brazilian adult population (POF 2008-2009 survey). METHODS Two days of adults' food diary (n = 21,020) were used to estimate tertiles of first and last meal intake times, eating midpoint, caloric midpoint time, and calories consumed from 18:00 h onwards. BMI was estimated and its values, as well as excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were used as outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The first (β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and last food intake time (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.14-0.66), eating midpoint (β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.34-0.88) and calories consumed after 21:00 h (β = 0.74, 95% CI 0.32-1.16) and 22:00 h (β = 0.75, 95% CI 0.18-1.32) were positively associated with BMI. The likelihood of having excess weight or obesity was significantly higher in the third tertile of the first food intake time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45 and OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.58, respectively), last food intake time (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32; and OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.41, respectively), eating midpoint (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45; and OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59, respectively) and energy consumption after 21:00 h (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.59). CONCLUSION Chrononutrition meal patterns indicative of late meal intake were significantly associated with high BMI, excess weight and obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele A Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil.
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
| | - Ana E M Rinaldi
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Catarina M Azeredo
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Claudia R C Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Eberli NS, Colas L, Gimalac A. Chrononutrition in traditional European medicine-Ideal meal timing for cardiometabolic health promotion. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:115-125. [PMID: 38472010 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health, given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic function. However, to the best of our knowledge, no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine (TEM). Therefore, in this narrative review, we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further implications. By reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022, we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00, 12:00 and 14:00, and between 15:00 and 18:00, with high energy breakfast, medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one's chronotype and genetics. Also, timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction, a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM. Please cite this article as: Eberli NS, Colas L, Gimalac A. Chrononutrition in traditional European medicine-Ideal meal timing for cardiometabolic health promotion. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(2);115-125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Selena Eberli
- Department of Traditional European Medicine, Navi Institute of Research in Integrative Health, Ecole Professionnelle Supérieure de Naturopathie, Centre André Henzelin, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Ludivine Colas
- Department of Traditional European Medicine, Navi Institute of Research in Integrative Health, Ecole Professionnelle Supérieure de Naturopathie, Centre André Henzelin, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anne Gimalac
- Department of Traditional European Medicine, Navi Institute of Research in Integrative Health, Ecole Professionnelle Supérieure de Naturopathie, Centre André Henzelin, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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13
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Cheng W, Meng X, Gao J, Jiang W, Sun X, Li Y, Han T, Zhang D, Wei W. Relationship between circadian eating behavior (daily eating frequency and nighttime fasting duration) and cardiovascular mortality. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38409117 PMCID: PMC10895826 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge regarding the health impacts of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) on mortality is very limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether DEF and NFD are associated with CVD and all-cause mortality. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample from the United States, including 30,464 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2014. Using 24-h dietary recall, DEF was assessed by the number of eating episodes, and NFD was calculated by the first and last eating time across a day. Death information was obtained from the National Death Index up to 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess survival relationships of DEF and NFD with mortality. RESULTS During 307,686 person-years of follow-up, 4560 deaths occurred, including 1824 CVD cases. After adjustment for confounders, compared to DEF at 4-6 times, participants whose DEF was less than 3 times had greater CVD [hazard-ratio (HR) = 1.33, 95% confidence-interval (CI): 1.06-1.67] and all-cause (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33) mortality risks. Furthermore, compared to NFD of 10 to 11 h, participants whose NFD was shorter than 10 h had HRs of 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08-1.55) for CVD mortality and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.08-1.39) for all-cause mortality. NFD longer than 14 h was also related to CVD mortality (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.12-1.67) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.19-1.54). Similar results for the association of NFD and DEF with heart-specific and stroke-specific mortality were observed. CONCLUSION This study found that DEF less than 3 times and NFD shorter than 10 h or longer than 14 h were independently associated with greater cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xing Meng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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14
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Gu D, Wang D, Zhu Q, Luo L, Zhang T. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors in sedentary occupational population from Shanghai: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:21. [PMID: 38331828 PMCID: PMC10854172 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but its prevalence and determinants among sedentary occupational population are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for dyslipidemia among a sedentary occupational population in Shanghai, China. METHODS We collected data from 35,950 sedentary occupational workers on their demographics, social, medical, and family history, lifestyle, anthropometry, and biochemistry. We used the 2016 Chinese guideline for the management of dyslipidemia in adults to define dyslipidemia and its subtypes. We performed multivariate logistic regression to examine the factors associated with dyslipidemia. RESULTS The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 29.10%, with 15.86% for high triglycerides (TG), 6.43% for high total cholesterol (TC), 5.37% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 14.68% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Men had a significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than women (39.64% vs. 12.43%, P < 0.01). Factors associated with dyslipidemia included older age, being married, longer sedentary time while resting, frequent intake of animal viscera, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Current drinking was associated with a 1.24 times higher prevalence of high TG (P < 0.01). Current smokers were less likely to have low HDL-C than non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our present study, in a population of 35,950 sedentary occupational workers from Shanghai, demonstrated a prevalence of dyslipidemia, but lower than in other previous studies without the limitation of occupational characteristics. Prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia should take into account the characteristics and related factors for this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Gu
- Department of Information Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, 214065, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinzhong Zhu
- Department of Information Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, 214065, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Chavanne A, Jacobi D. Precision medicine in endocrinology: Unraveling metabolic health through time-restricted eating. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:63-69. [PMID: 38101564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As a promising avenue in nutrition, intermittent fasting, particularly time-restricted eating like the 8/16 protocol, requires careful individualization. This approach involves voluntary food restriction interspersed with normal eating, aiming to align with inner circadian rhythms for potential benefits in metabolism and weight management. Endocrinologists, responding to patient interest and backed by evidence-based medicine, can now delve into the intricacies of time-restricted eating. They consider each patient's unique medical history and expectations, integrating this approach into tailored treatment plans in a personalized medicine approach. Ongoing research is essential to deepen our comprehension of how time-restricted eating influences metabolic health, enabling the development of precise recommendations suitable for diverse populations and various clinical conditions. While time-restricted eating is a relevant metabolic approach, endocrinologists should exercise caution to prevent the promotion of eating disorders due to its restrictive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Chavanne
- CHU de Nantes, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - David Jacobi
- Institut de recherche en santé de Nantes Université, 8, quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France.
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16
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Callovini LC, Rojo-Wissar DM, Mayer C, Glickenstein DA, Karamchandani AJ, Lin KK, Thomson CA, Quan SF, Silva GE, Haynes PL. Effects of sleep on breakfast behaviors in recently unemployed adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:114-121. [PMID: 37973452 PMCID: PMC10922088 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skipping meals is linked to negative cardiometabolic health outcomes. Few studies have examined the effects of breakfast skipping after disruptive life events, like job loss. The present analyses examine whether sleep timing, duration, and continuity are associated with breakfast eating among 186 adults who recently (past 90 days) experienced involuntary unemployment from the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study. METHODS We conducted both cross-sectional and 18-month longitudinal analyses to assess the relationship between actigraphic sleep after job loss and breakfast eating. RESULTS Later sleep timing was associated with a lower percentage of days breakfast was eaten at baseline (B = -0.09, SE = 0.02, P < .001) and longitudinally over 18 months (estimate = -0.04; SE = 0.02; P < .05). No other sleep indices were associated with breakfast consumption cross-sectionally or prospectively. CONCLUSIONS Unemployed adults with a delay in sleep timing are more likely to skip breakfast than adults with an advancement in sleep timing. Future studies are necessary to test chronobiological mechanisms by which sleep timing might impact breakfast eating. With the understanding that sleep timing is linked to breakfast eating, the advancement of sleep timing may provide a pathway for the promotion of breakfast eating, ultimately preventing cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Callovini
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Candace Mayer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin K Lin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patricia L Haynes
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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17
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Ali T, Lessan N. Chrononutrition in the context of Ramadan: Potential implications. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3728. [PMID: 37830266 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Every year, healthy adult Muslims practice dawn to sunset fasting for a whole lunar month. No food or fluid is allowed for the fasting time window. After sunset, eating is allowed. The dramatic change in the timing of meals is accompanied by changes in sleeping hours and thus alterations in circadian rhythms. Hormonal mechanisms mainly determined by the latter also change. These include shifts in cortisol and melatonin. Food-dependent hormones such as Ghrelin and leptin also show changes. A well-established principle of chrononutrition is that the timing of eating may be as or more important than the content of food. Ramadan fasting (RF) is distinct from other forms of intermittent fasting, although there are also some similarities with time restricted eating (TRE). Both have been shown to have health benefits. Here, we examine existing literature to understand and learn from this very commonly practiced form of fasting and its relationships to circadian rhythms and homoeostatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomader Ali
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Xia M, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Breakfast skipping and traits of cardiometabolic health: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:328-333. [PMID: 38220394 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast skipping has been linked to poor cardiometabolic health in observational studies, but the causality remains unknown. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate the potential causal effects of breakfast skipping on cardiometabolic traits. METHODS Genetic association estimates for breakfast skipping, cardiometabolic diseases, and cardiometabolic risk factors were extracted from the UK Biobank and several large genome-wide association studies. Two-sample MR analyses were performed primarily using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of results. RESULTS MR results indicated no causal relationship between breakfast shipping with coronary heart disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.079, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.817-1.426; p = 0.591), stroke (OR: 0.877, 95 % CI: 0.680-1.131; p = 0.311), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.114, 95 % CI: 0.631-1.970; p = 0.709). However, genetically predicted breakfast skipping was significantly associated with increased body mass index (β: 0.250, standard error [SE]: 0.079; p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (β: 0.177, SE: 0.076; p = 0.019), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.260, SE: 0.115; p = 0.024). We found no evidence of association of genetic liability to breakfast skipping with blood pressure, glycemic traits, and other blood lipids. Sensitivity analysis supported the above results. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that breakfast skipping is causally linked to weight gain and higher serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which may mediate the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases reported in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Bennett G, O'Hara C, Bardon LA, Gibney ER. Comparison of Meal Patterns Across Common Racial Groups in the UK and the USA, Examining Associations with Weight Status and Diet Quality: a Secondary Analysis of NDNS and NHANES Datasets. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1. [PMID: 38102513 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding diets of population subgroups is essential for monitoring health of diversifying populations, but currently, meal patterns of many population subgroups are not widely known. This paper aimed to identify meal patterns of racial groups in the UK and USA, considering if racial groups exhibit similar patterns of intake irrespective of location and relationships between meal patterns and health parameters. DESIGN Data were extracted from the UK (National Diet and Nutrition Survey) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) national dietary surveys. Temporal and content meal patterns among racial groups in the UK and USA (White, Black, Asian and Other, n = 1780 and n = 4339, respectively) were examined. Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to understand differences across groups. Logistic regression models identified associations between meal patterns and body mass index and diet quality. RESULTS Black groups consumed fewer eating occasions than White and Other groups in both countries, while UK racial groups consumed significantly more snacks than USA groups. Food group contribution to eating occasion consumption was similar across countries where Asian groups in the USA and UK had the lowest meat intake at lunch and dinner. Meal frequency was positively associated with diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, meal patterns differ across racial groups within a single country, and some differences were observed within groups of the same race across countries. Learnings from this research highlight the differences in consumption patterns across racial groups and the importance of considering a meal-based approach to dietary guidelines by racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bennett
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Hara
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A Bardon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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Palomar-Cros A, Andreeva VA, Fezeu LK, Julia C, Bellicha A, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Romaguera D, Kogevinas M, Touvier M, Srour B. Dietary circadian rhythms and cardiovascular disease risk in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7899. [PMID: 38097547 PMCID: PMC10721609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily eating/fasting cycles synchronise circadian peripheral clocks, involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the associations of daily meal and fasting timing with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence remain unclear. We used data from 103,389 adults in the NutriNet-Santé study. Meal timing and number of eating occasions were estimated from repeated 24 h dietary records. We built multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models to examine their association with the risk of CVD, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. In this study, having a later first meal (later than 9AM compared to earlier than 8AM) and last meal of the day (later than 9PM compared to earlier than 8PM) was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes, especially among women. Our results suggest a potential benefit of adopting earlier eating timing patterns, and coupling a longer nighttime fasting period with an early last meal, rather than breakfast skipping, in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomar-Cros
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France.
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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21
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Gahm C, Park S. The association between skipping breakfast and chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3209-3215. [PMID: 37093440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There are few reports on the relationship between skipping breakfast and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the skipping breakfast-CKD relationship and the mediation effects of metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) on this relationship. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed the data of 21,138 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018. Skipping breakfast was defined as rarely eating breakfast over the past year. CKD was defined as decreased kidney function expressed by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used a complex sample logistic regression model to examine the relationship between skipping breakfast and CKD. We used Baron and Kenny's approach to examine whether metabolic diseases work as a mediator within the skipping breakfast-CKD relationships. RESULTS About 7.6% of participants skipped breakfast, and 5.5% had CKD. After adjusting for confounders, participants who skipped breakfast were at higher odds of having CKD (odds ratio 1.61; 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.42; p value 0.021) compared to those who did not skip breakfast. With full adjustments for confounders, skipping breakfast was not significantly associated with any metabolic diseases, while CKD was significantly associated with diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSION We found that middle-aged or older people who skipped breakfast had a significantly higher odds of having CKD compared to those who did not skip breakfast. However, metabolic diseases did not mediate the relationship between skipping breakfast and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Gahm
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Fujita A, Hashimoto Y, Matsui H, Yasunaga H, Aihara M. Association between lifestyle habits and glaucoma incidence: a retrospective cohort study. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3470-3476. [PMID: 37076689 PMCID: PMC10630484 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although lifestyle habits may represent modifiable risk factors of glaucoma, the association between lifestyle factors and glaucoma is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lifestyle habits and the development of glaucoma. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants who underwent health check-ups from 2005 to 2020 using a large-scale administrative claims database in Japan were included in the study. Cox regression analyses were performed where glaucoma development was regressed on the lifestyle (body mass index, current smoking, frequency and amount of alcohol consumption, eating habits, exercise habits and quality of sleep), age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. RESULTS Among the 3,110,743 eligible individuals, 39,975 developed glaucoma during the mean follow-up of 2058 days. Factors associated with increased risk of glaucoma were overweight/obese (vs. moderate weight: hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.07]), alcohol consumption of 2.5-4.9 units/day, 5-7.4 units/day, and ≥7.5 units/day (vs. <2.5 units/day: 1.05 [1.02-1.08], 1.05 [1.01-1.08] and 1.06 [1.01-1.12], respectively), skipping breakfast (1.14 [1.10-1.17]), late dinner (1.05 [1.03-1.08]) and daily walking of 1 h (1.14 [1.11-1.16]). Factors associated with decreased risk of glaucoma were daily alcohol consumption (vs. rarely: 0.94 [0.91-0.97]) and regular exercise (0.92 [0.90-0.95]). CONCLUSIONS Moderate body mass index, having breakfast, avoiding late dinner, limiting alcohol intake to <2.5 units/day, and regular exercise were associated with a reduced risk of developing glaucoma in the Japanese population. These findings may be useful for promoting glaucoma prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Kim HM, Kang HJ, Lee DH, Jeong SM, Joh HK. Association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome among young adults in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16826. [PMID: 37803107 PMCID: PMC10558535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skipping breakfast is highly prevalent but it is not clear whether breakfast frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults. We aimed to assess the association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome in Korean young adults. This cross-sectional study was based on health check-up data of university students aged 18-39 years between 2016 and 2018. Participants were stratified into three groups by breakfast frequency (non-skipper, skipper 1-3 days/week, skipper 4-7 days/week). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome. Out of 12,302 participants, 56.8% skipped breakfast at least 4 days/week. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher in those skipping breakfast for 4 or more days/week compared to non-skipper. (3.1% vs 1.7%) In the age- and sex-adjusted model, individuals skipping breakfast for 4-7 days per week had a higher OR of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.21-2.49) compared to non-skipper. Although this association became insignificant (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.99-2.23) after a fully adjusted multivariable model, trends of positive association between frequency of breakfast skipping and metabolic syndrome was significant (P for trend = 0.038). Frequent breakfast skipping was associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Further longitudinal studies in the long term are needed to understand the association of meal patterns with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Myoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 1, Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Kyung Joh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 1, Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chambers L, Seidler K, Barrow M. Circadian misalignment in obesity: The role for time-restricted feeding. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:430-447. [PMID: 37739690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The epidemic of obesity is associated with a substantial, complex and escalating burden of disease. Dietary and lifestyle interventions provide the mainstay of management; however, obesity is multifactorial and challenging to address clinically. Disrupted circadian behaviours, including late eating, are associated with obesity. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), the confinement of calorie intake to a temporal 'eating window', has received growing interest as a weight-loss intervention. Benefits are purported to arise from the fasting period and strengthened circadian metabolism. However, the current evidence-base for TRF is small-scale, limited, and there has been little evaluation of circadian schedule. This research aims to enable evidence-based conclusions regarding circadian-aligned TRF as a weight-loss intervention in obesity. METHODS A systematic three-tranche search strategy was conducted within PubMed. Included studies were critically evaluated. Search tranches scoped: interventional evidence for TRF; evidence linking meal timing, obesity and metabolic function; and evidence linking circadian function, obesity, and dysmetabolism. Results were summarised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were included. From small-scale and short-term evidence, TRF was consistently associated with improved weight, glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes versus baseline or control. Good adherence and safety, and consistency of results between studies, were notable. Earlier ('circadian-aligned') eating was associated with greater diet-induced thermogenesis, and improved weight loss and glycaemic outcomes. Limited evidence suggested meaningful correlations between circadian clock function and obesity/metabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Circadian-aligned TRF may present a promising intervention for weight loss and metabolic benefits in obese/overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Chambers
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Karin Seidler
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Michelle Barrow
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
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25
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Arimoto M, Yamamoto Y, Imaoka W, Kuroshima T, Toragai R, Nakamura M, Ito Y, Ai M. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Breakfast Skippers and Staple Foods Skippers. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1376-1388. [PMID: 36878535 PMCID: PMC10564629 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Skipping breakfast is known as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Recently, eating and dietary patterns have been varied in many countries, however, the mechanisms of promoting CVD are still unclear. Our goal was to assess the effects of eating and dietary patterns on CVD risk factors, with a focus on lipid parameters including serum concentration of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). METHODS Subjects consisted of 27,997 Japanese men and women, who had medical check-up. Lipid parameters including sdLDL-C levels in breakfast skippers were compared with those in breakfast eaters. Lipid parameters in staple foods skippers were also compared with those in staple foods eaters. RESULTS Breakfast skippers had significantly (p<0.01) higher serum levels of median sdLDL-C than breakfast eaters in both genders (34.7 versus 32.0 mg/dL in men, 25.4 versus 24.9 mg/dL in women, respectively), and the same was true for sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (0.276 versus 0.260 in men, 0.218 versus 0.209 in women, respectively). Similarly, staple foods skippers had significantly higher sdLDL-C level than staple foods eaters in both genders (34.1 versus 31.6 mg/dL in men, 25.8 versus 24.7 mg/dL in women), and the same went for sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (0.278 versus 0.256 in men, 0.215 versus 0.208 mg/dL in women, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that both skipping breakfast and having meals without staple foods increase serum sdLDL-C concentration and cause unfavorable lipid profiles, and then may promote CVD. These finding provide evidence for the importance of having breakfast and meals with staple foods for preventing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Arimoto
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamamoto
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Imaoka
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kuroshima
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Toragai
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marie Nakamura
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Koshigaya Laketown Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Vaccine & Diagnostics R&D department, Denka Company Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Farsijani S, Mao Z, Cauley JA, Newman AB. Comprehensive assessment of chrononutrition behaviors among nationally representative adults: Insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1910-1921. [PMID: 37625320 PMCID: PMC10528735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aligning the time of food intake, i.e., chrononutrition, with the body's circadian clock can have a significant impact on overall health, particularly cardiometabolic health. However, there is a lack of population-based information on various chrononutrition behaviors in the United States, where the prevalence of obesity is high. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to characterize chrononutrition behaviors and their 15-year trends among US adults. We also explored the temporal associations between trends in chrononutrition behaviors and trends in obesity. DESIGN We utilized data from 8 cycles (2003-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on 34,470 adults (age >19 years). The clock time of food/beverage consumption was extracted from two 24-h food recalls. The following chrononutrition behaviors were defined: 1) The clock time of the first, last, and midpoint (when 50% of total daily energy was consumed) of food/beverage intake; 2) Eating window (the time elapsed between the first and last intake); 3) Late-night eating (food intake between 21:00-23:59); and 4) Eating frequency. Survey-weighted % or mean ± standard error (SE) was used to demonstrate chrononutrition behaviors and survey-weighted regression models were utilized to evaluate trends in chrononutrition behaviors, BMI, and obesity over a 15-year period. RESULTS Thirty five percent of US adults had long eating windows lasting 13 h or more, with 59% of individuals consuming calories after 9 PM. The patterns of food intake among American adults were skewed, with the highest proportion of their daily energy intake (36%) being consumed during dinner meals. Notable differences in chrononutrition behaviors observed among different population subgroups. Young adults and men had longer eating windows with a higher prevalence of late-night eating compared to their age- and sex-counterparts. Black individuals had shorter eating periods due to delayed breakfast, the highest proportion (68%) of late-night eating, and obtained a greater amount of energy intake from snacks compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Over the 15-year span, there were only minor changes in a few aspects of chrononutrition behaviors, including 2% reduction in the time of eating window, while most other meal timing behaviors remained unchanged. Trends in chrononutrition behaviors were disproportionately smaller than the trends in obesity rates. CONCLUSIONS US adults persistently consume higher amounts of daily energy intake later in the day. Despite calls for Americans to shift intake to earlier parts of the day, this study shows that there is little change in the overall population over the 15-year period reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ziling Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Nakanishi K, Ishibashi C, Ide S, Yamamoto R, Nishida M, Nagatomo I, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Association of secondhand smoke exposure and health-related lifestyle behaviors among male university employees in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13848. [PMID: 37696832 PMCID: PMC10495441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes various health problems associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, the lifestyles of individuals exposed to SHS have not been characterized extensively. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and lifestyle behaviors. The participants were 2379 healthy male employees at Osaka University who underwent health examinations. Physical and biochemical parameters and lifestyle behavior data were obtained from all the participants. Participants with SHS exposure had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, and serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid than that of those without SHS exposure. SHS exposure was significantly correlated with several lifestyle behaviors, including TV time, frequency of breakfast consumption and fried food consumption, vegetable and fruit intake, alcohol consumption frequency and daily alcohol intake, and smoking status. Thus, SHS exposure may be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The lifestyle behaviors of the smoke-excluded population were assessed further; however, SHS exposure was still associated with dietary and drinking habits. Since participants with SHS exposure are likely to have an unhealthy life and combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, the confounding effect of these factors should be considered when assessing the impact of SHS exposure on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Nakanishi
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Seiko Ide
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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Kantilafti M, Hadjikou A, Chrysostomou S. Meal Frequency and Multi-Morbidity in a Cypriot Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods 2023; 12:3330. [PMID: 37761039 PMCID: PMC10527955 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the effect of specific dietary behaviors, such as meal frequency, on multi-morbidity are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of meal frequency on multi-morbidity in a Cypriot population. A representative sample of 1255 adults >18 years old was surveyed during 2022-2023. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, multi-morbidity, and meal frequency consumption were collected through validated questionnaires. Diseases were listed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10]. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics v.19.0. Responders who consumed more than three meals and snacks daily had a higher probability of multi-morbidity [OR: 1.505 [95% CI: 1.505-2.069]] compared with those who consumed three or fewer meals and snacks daily. The relation was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and gender and for socioeconomic characteristics. Furthermore, participants who consumed more than three snacks per day had a 1.776 [AOR: 1.616 [95% CI: 1.054-2.476]] higher risk of having multi-morbidity compared with participants who did not consume any snack or consumed one snack per day. The findings suggest that people with multi-morbidity have a higher risk when consuming three or more snacks per day regardless of age, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kantilafti
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Andria Hadjikou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus; (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Stavri Chrysostomou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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29
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Tang J, Dong JY, Eshak ES, Cui R, Shirai K, Liu K, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Breakfast Type and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1255-1264. [PMID: 36543187 PMCID: PMC10499662 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Little is known regarding the association between breakfast type and cardiovascular mortality. We examined the associations between breakfast type and risks of mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS A total of 85,319 males and females aged 40 to 79 years who were free from CVD and cancers at baseline were involved in this study. The participants were divided into five groups according to their self-reported breakfast types: Japanese breakfast, Western breakfast, mixed Japanese-Western breakfast, other breakfast, and skipping breakfast groups. All hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. RESULTS During the median 19-year follow-up, we identified CVD deaths of 5,870 subjects. Compared to the Japanese breakfast, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of total CVD were 0.64 (0.52-0.79) for mixed Japanese-Western breakfast, 0.90 (0.77-1.04) for Western breakfast, 1.24 (0.95-1.61) for other breakfast, and 1.31 (1.00-1.71) for skipping breakfast. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) of total stroke were 0.67 (0.49-0.91), 0.83 (0.66-1.05), 1.15 (0.76-1.74), and 1.25 (0.82-1.92), and those of CHD were 0.73 (0.48-1.12), 1.08 (0.81-1.44), 1.09 (0.60-1.98), and 1.77 (1.11-2.83). CONCLUSION Compared to Japanese breakfast, mixed Japanese-Western breakfast may have a protective role in cardiovascular mortality whereas skipping breakfast may harm cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jia-Yi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okanami General Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Liu T, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu C, Zhang Q, Song M, Song C, Zhang Q, Shi H. Habitually Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Evidence from the Kailuan Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:2527-2536. [PMID: 36869181 PMCID: PMC10465444 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitually skipping breakfast may promote the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which have never been systematically explored in large-scale prospective studies. METHODS We prospectively examined the effects of breakfast frequency on the occurrence of GI cancers among 62,746 participants. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of GI cancers were calculated by Cox regression. The CAUSALMED procedure was used to perform the mediation analyses. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.61 (5.18 ~ 6.08) years, 369 incident GI cancer cases were identified. Participants who consumed 1-2 times breakfasts per week exhibited an increased risk of stomach (HR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.06-11.20) and liver cancer (HR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.22-9.53). Participants who did not eat breakfast had an elevated risk of esophageal (HR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.05-7.03), colorectal (HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.34-4.01), liver (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23-4.71), gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer (HR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.34-21.93). In the mediation effect analyses, BMI, CRP, and TyG (fasting triglyceride-glucose) index did not mediate the association between breakfast frequency and the risk of GI cancer incidence (all P for mediation effect > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Habitually skipping breakfast was associated with a greater risk of GI cancers including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Kailuan study, ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489. Registered 24 August, 2011-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Education, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Department of Education, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Chenan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, ZhengzhouHenan, 450001 China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000 China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038 China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038 China
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31
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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32
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Okada C, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Ikeda A, Umesawa M, Muraki I, Yasuda N, Kato T, Saito I, Arima K, Nishimura T, Tanno K, Sakata K, Goto A, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Inoue M, Sawada N, Tsugane S. Dietary behaviours and related lifestyles according to the presence or absence of skipping breakfast in Japanese adults: the JPHC-NEXT study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1230-1237. [PMID: 36775271 PMCID: PMC10346075 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess dietary behaviours and related lifestyles according to the presence or absence of skipping breakfast. DESIGN We analysed the cross-sectional data from a baseline survey of a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan conducted in 2011-2016. Participants provided information on dietary behaviours and lifestyles through a self-administered questionnaire. Skipping breakfast was defined as not eating breakfast at least once a week and was classified according to the frequency of skipping breakfast as 1-2, 3-4 or ≥5 times/week. SETTING Sixteen municipalities in seven prefectural areas across Japan under the Japan Public Health Centre-based prospective study for the Next Generation. PARTICIPANTS 112 785 residents (51 952 males and 60 833 females) aged 40-74 years. RESULTS After adjustment for age, socio-demographic status, drinking status and smoking status, individuals who skipped breakfast at least once a week, compared with those who ate breakfast every day, were more likely to have adverse dietary behaviours such as frequent eating out (multivariable OR = 2·08, 95 % CI (1·96, 2·21) in males and 2·15, 95 % CI (1·99, 2·33) in females), frequent eating instant foods (1·89, 95 % CI (1·77, 2·01) in males and 1·72, 95 % CI (1·56, 1·89) in females). They had late bedtime (1·85, 95 % CI (1·75, 1·95) in males and 1·98, 95 % CI (1·86, 2·11) in females) and living alone (2·37, 95 % CI (2·17, 2·58) in males and 2·02, 95 % CI (1·83, 2·21) in females), using the logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Both adult males and females who skipped breakfast were likely to eat out, to have a dietary habit of eating instant foods and have lifestyles such as late bedtime and living alone than those who ate breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Okada
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Chikusei, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kato
- Center for Education and Educational Research, Faculty of Education, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Lira NDCC, de Araújo SM, de Medeiros ACQ, de Souza JC. Translation, adaptation and validation of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire (CP-Q) in Brazilian Portuguese. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36890703 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2187223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Chrononutrition is a science that studies the relationship between mealtimes and sleep/wake habits. However, these behaviors are not evaluated by a single questionnaire. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire (CP-Q) into Portuguese and validate the Brazilian version. The translation and cultural adaptation process consisted of: translation; synthesis of translations; backtranslation; expert committee and pre-test. The validation was performed with 635 participants (32.4 ± 11.2 years) who answered the CPQ-Brazil and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ); Night Eating questionnaire; Quality of life and health index (SF-36) and 24 h-recall. The participants were mostly female, single, from the northeastern region, a eutrophic profile, and average quality of life score of 55.8 ± 17.9. Moderate to strong correlations were observed in the sleep/wake schedules between CPQ-Brazil, PSQI and MCTQ, both for work/study days and free days. The correlations between largest meal, skipping breakfast, eating window, nocturnal latency, and last eating event with the same variables in the 24 h-recall showed moderate to strong positive correlations. The translation, adaptation, validation and reproducibility of the CP-Q generates a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the sleep/wake and eating habits in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samara Medeiros de Araújo
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Queiroz de Medeiros
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jane Carla de Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Sun Y, Rong S, Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, Chen L, Xiao Q, Snetselaar L, Wallace R, Bao W. Meal Skipping and Shorter Meal Intervals Are Associated with Increased Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among US Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:417-426.e3. [PMID: 35964910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous dietary studies and current dietary guidelines have mainly focused on dietary intake and food patterns. Little is known about the association between eating behaviors such as meal frequency, skipping and intervals, and mortality. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the associations of meal frequency, skipping, and intervals with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. DESIGN This was a prospective study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING A total of 24,011 adults (aged ≥40 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014 were included in this study. Eating behaviors were assessed using 24-hour recall. Death and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to death records through December 31, 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and CVD mortality. RESULTS During 185,398 person-years of follow-up period, 4,175 deaths occurred, including 878 cardiovascular deaths. Most participants ate three meals per day. Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the multivariable-adjusted HRs for participants eating one meal per day were 1.30 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.64) for all-cause mortality, and 1.83 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.65) for CVD mortality. Participants who skipped breakfast have multivariable-adjusted HRs 1.40 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.78) for CVD mortality compared with those who did not. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.12 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) for skipping lunch and 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.32) for skipping dinner compared with those who did not. Among participants eating three meals per day, the multivariable-adjusted HR for participants with an average interval of ≤4.5 hours in two adjacent meals was 1.17 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.32) for all-cause mortality, comparing with those having a meal interval of 4.6 to 5.5 hours. CONCLUSIONS In this large, prospective study of US adults aged 40 years or older, eating one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Skipping breakfast was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality, whereas skipping lunch or dinner was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Among participant with three meals per day, a meal interval of ≤4.5 hours in two adjacent meals was associated with higher all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yuxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Obesity Research and Education Initiative and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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35
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Basdeki ED, Argyris AA, Efthymiou O, Athanasopoulou E, Sfikakis PP, Protogerou AD, Karatzi K. Systematic Breakfast Consumption of Medium-Quantity and High-Quality Food Choices Is Associated with Better Vascular Health in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041025. [PMID: 36839387 PMCID: PMC9967081 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast consumption has been associated with the improvement of many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, yet data regarding its association with subclinical vascular damage, which precedes the onset of CVD, are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate this association in a large sample of adults with CVD risk factors. METHODS Anthropometric measurements, vascular biomarkers and dietary intake with two 24-h dietary recalls, focusing on breakfast frequency and its quantity and content, were assessed in 902 adults (45.2% males). Breakfast quality was assessed by identifying a posteriori breakfast dietary pattern (DP) by using principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Systematic breakfast consumption (SBC) was inversely associated with central systolic blood pressure (b: -3.28, 95% C.I.: -5.7 to -0.86), diastolic blood pressure (b: -1.85, 95% C.I.: -3.34 to -0.36), augmentation index (b: -3.17, 95% C.I.:-4.98 to 1.35) and left carotid intima media thickness (b: -0.03, 95% C.I.:-0.06 to -0.01) compared to breakfast skipping independently of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and BMI. SBC of 10-20% of daily total energy intake (dTEI) was inversely associated with Aix (b: -2.31, 95% C.I.:-4.05 to -0.57) compared to <10% dTEI after adjustment for the aforementioned confounders. DP1 (high coffee and sugar consumption, low consumption of low- and full-fat dairy products, fruits, and fresh juices) was positively associated with Aix (b: 1.19, 95% C.I.: 0.48 to 1.90). CONCLUSION SBC comprised of medium-energy density and high-nutrient content food items may be a simple daily habit associated with better vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini D. Basdeki
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios A. Argyris
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Efthymiou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 22006, Cyprus
| | - Elpida Athanasopoulou
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanase D. Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Delayed feeding of a high-sucrose diet led to increased body weight by affecting the circadian rhythm of body temperature and hepatic lipid-metabolism genes in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109185. [PMID: 36270573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Skipping breakfast is an irregular feeding behavior, typically in young people. In our previous study, we established a 4 h-delayed feeding protocol for rats as a breakfast-skipping model and showed that the 4 h-delayed feeding of a high-fat diet led to body weight gain in rats. Excess sucrose induces metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. Recently, excess sucrose intake has received increased attention. Young people generally consume more sugar than adults do. In the present study, we investigated whether a 4 h-delayed feeding promoted high-sucrose diet-induced abnormalities in lipid metabolism, such as fatty liver and obesity in rats. The 4 h-delayed feeding rats showed increased body weight gain, although it did not induce fatty liver and hyperlipidemia compared to normal feeding rats. Serum insulin concentration during the feeding period was higher than in the control rats, suggesting that slight insulin resistance was induced by the 4 h-delayed feeding. The surge in body temperature was also delayed by 4 h in response to the 4 h-delayed feeding. This delay would result in less energy expenditure to increase body weight. The oscillations of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism-related gene expression were delayed by almost 2-4 h, and the clock genes were delayed by approximately 2 h. The 4 h-delayed feeding induced weight gain by affecting body temperature, insulin resistance, and circadian oscillation of lipid metabolism-related genes in rats fed a high-sucrose diet, suggesting that a high sucrose intake with breakfast skipping leads to obesity.
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Du X, Yang R, Ma M, Ke S, Zheng J, Tan X. The association of energy and macronutrient intake at breakfast and cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: From a 14-year follow-up cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1093561. [PMID: 37020811 PMCID: PMC10069285 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1093561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the associations between energy and macronutrient intakes at breakfast and the incidence of cardiovascular events among Chinese adults. Methods There were 12,937 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey who met the study criteria and completed six rounds of questionnaires in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011. Combined weighing methods with 24-h dietary recall were used to measure dietary intake throughout the day. Intakes of macronutrients at breakfast were calculated using energy provided by nutrients as a percentage of breakfast energy. We calculated hazard ratios using a multivariable Cox frailty model with random intercepts to account for household clustering. Results During follow-up, we documented 453 (3.6 per 1,000 person-years) major cardiovascular events, 195 (1.5 per 1,000 person-years) myocardial infarctions, and 293 (2.3 per 1,000 person-years) strokes. In Chinese adults, more breakfast carbohydrates or less proteins intake was associated with the reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Especially for women, higher intake of breakfast carbohydrates was associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular events (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 0.47 [95%CI 0.30-0.74]; p trend = 0.0008) and stroke (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 0.48 [95%CI 0.26-0.88]; p trend = 0.0006). Higher intake of breakfast proteins was associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 1.77 [95%CI 1.12-2.79]; p trend = 0.1162), myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 2.49 [95%CI 1.21-5.11]; p trend = 0.2641). There was a significant association between breakfast fat intake and cardiovascular diseases in the adult population, but less significant correlation was found in Chinese men or women. Breakfast fat intake was positively associated with the risk of major cardiovascular events (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 1.74 [95%CI 1.27-2.36]; p trend = 0.0070), myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 2.03 [95%CI 1.23-3.37]; p trend = 0.0168), and stroke (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, HR 1.64 [95%CI 1.12-2.41]; p trend = 0.0732). There was a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events and stroke when breakfast energy intake was moderated, even if the independence of skipping breakfast. Conclusion High carbohydrate intake and low protein and fat intake at breakfast may contribute to cardiovascular health while maintaining a moderate energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Du
- Wuhan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Wuhan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- Wuhan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Songqing Ke
- Wuhan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Wuhan Blood Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zheng,
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xiaodong Tan,
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Parental Lifestyle Changes and Correlations with Children's Dietary Changes during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: The COV-EAT Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121963. [PMID: 36553405 PMCID: PMC9777291 DOI: 10.3390/children9121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the eating behaviour of parents during the first lockdown implemented in Greece due to COVID-19 and to explore possible associations with corresponding changes in the eating behaviour of their children. A quantitative cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 397 parents with children aged 2−18 years, who were recruited from 63 municipalities in Greece. It was observed that the percentage of parents and children reporting consumption of breakfast during the lockdown period increased by 10.6% and 5%, respectively. Also, 75% of the parents increased their snack consumption and 61% their sweets consumption. Parents increased home-cooking during lockdown (6.4 times/week), compared to 5.6 times/week before (p < 0.001), which was associated with decreased consumption of fast foods for both parents and children (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) and also correlated with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for children (p < 0.05). More than half parents tried to lose weight during lockdown (58.4%). In conclusion, both favourable (home-cooking) and unfavourable (increased snacking) lifestyle changes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Greece were reported for parents.
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Teixeira GP, Guimarães KC, Soares AGNS, Marqueze EC, Moreno CRC, Mota MC, Crispim CA. Role of chronotype in dietary intake, meal timing, and obesity: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:75-90. [PMID: 35771674 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies show that dietary habits and obesity seem to be influenced by chronotype, which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-hour period. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to analyze the association of chronotype with dietary habits, namely energy and macronutrient intakes, meal timing, and eating patterns, as well as with obesity. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases were searched between 2004 and 2020. Study selection was performed by 2 authors independently; disagreements on eligibility of articles were resolved by a third author. After assessment of 12 060 abstracts, 43 studies (21 articles on obesity; 13 on food consumption, meal timing, and eating patterns; and 9 that addressed both obesity and dietary behavior) were included. DATA EXTRACTION A standard form was used to extract study design, country, number of participants, method of chronotype determination, and main findings. DATA ANALYSIS Approximately 95% of included studies showed an association between eveningness and at least 1 unhealthy eating habit. Morningness was associated with regular consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In addition, about 47% of studies showed a higher association between late types and obesity. CONCLUSION Late types are more likely to present unhealthy eating habits, such as eating late at night, skipping breakfast often, and eating processed/ultraprocessed foods, while early types are more likely to have healthy and protective habits, such as eating early and eating predominantly fresh/minimally processed foods. Intermediate types tend to have a pattern of health and eating more similar to early types than to late types. Late types are also more likely to present higher weight and body mass index than early or intermediate types. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Teixeira
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kisian C Guimarães
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela N S Soares
- are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Marqueze
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R C Moreno
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Mota
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cibele A Crispim
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
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40
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Kuwahara M, Tahara Y, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Shibata S. Effects of Differences of Breakfast Styles, Such as Japanese and Western Breakfasts, on Eating Habits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235143. [PMID: 36501172 PMCID: PMC9740526 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet and protein source intake are reportedly good for health. However, many people skip breakfast or have a light breakfast. Thus, this study aimed to examine the influence of breakfast styles on eating habits among Japanese workers, including traditional Japanese-style breakfast (JB), a pattern in which Japanese foods are eaten; Japanese-Western-style breakfast (J-W B), a pattern in which Japanese and Western foods are eaten alternately; Western-style breakfast (WB), a pattern in which Western foods are eaten; and cereal-style breakfast (CB), a pattern in which cereal is eaten. We hypothesized that breakfast style may be related to good eating habits. Data from 4274 respondents (67.97% male, 33.03% female, age 48.12 ± 0.19 years), excluding night shift workers and breakfast absentees out of a total of 5535 respondents, were analyzed. The results suggest that Japanese food is linked to the intake of protein sources such as fish, eggs, and soy. Furthermore, it was suggested that Japanese food breakfast is effective for good eating habits, such as not eating irregular amounts of food, not eating snacks, not drinking sweet juices, and having a balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suiko
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamori
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
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42
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Hess JM. Understanding the link between frequency of eating and cardiometabolic health outcomes in Americans who "snack". JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:462-466. [PMID: 36465516 PMCID: PMC9709599 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On average, Americans ages 2 yr and older eat 5 or more times per day and consume nearly a quarter of their daily energy outside of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Frequency of eating (FOE) has been identified by both the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee and the American Heart Association as an important area of study to improve the dietary patterns and overall health of the American public. However, the current evidence on FOE is conflicting; it does not indicate whether eating more frequently is a healthful behavior or not. Clinical and prospective studies have shown that FOE has an inverse relationship with some cardiometabolic health markers, including total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, but the relationship between FOE and other health markers such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, blood pressure, obesity, and coronary heart disease incidence remains unclear. Several factors may affect the relationship between FOE and cardiometabolic health including the types of foods consumed, time of day, motivation to eat, cultural background, age, sex, and food security status. Another factor affecting both the relationship between FOE and health as well as the research on FOE and health is how eating occasions are labeled. Many definitions have been proposed and used in research to delineate between meals and snacks, but a consistent definition is not currently used for "snacks," even in official dietary guidance. With the current limitations in the body of research, conclusions about the healthfulness of frequent eating cannot be drawn. In addition, conclusions cannot be drawn on the healthfulness of eating snacks (as an eating occasion) or more than 3 meals per day. More directed research is required to understand the relationships between the labels used for an eating occasion and cardiometabolic health outcomes as well as the health impacts of frequent food and beverage consumption and how and why they may vary among different population groups.
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43
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Zaki HA, Iftikhar H, Abdalrubb A, Al-Marri NDR, Abdelrahim MG, Fayed M, Elgassim MAM, Elarref MA. Clinical Assessment of Intermittent Fasting With Ketogenic Diet in Glycemic Control and Weight Reduction in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e30879. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ishizuka R, Otaki N, Tai Y, Yamagami Y, Tanaka K, Morikawa M, Iki M, Kurumatani N, Saeki K, Obayashi K. Breakfast Skipping and Declines in Cognitive Score Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022:8919887221135551. [PMID: 36265459 DOI: 10.1177/08919887221135551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies outlined the correlation of adverse effects of breakfast skipping with cognitive function. However, the majority of these studies have focused on the short-term effects; to date, the long-term effect of breakfast skipping on cognitive function among older adults remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study of 712 older adults (mean age, 70.8 years), breakfast skipping was defined as skipping breakfast one or more times per week, and declines in cognitive score was defined as decreases in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of two or more in the observed period. During follow-up (median, 31 months), 135 of 712 participants developed declines in cognitive score. Poisson regression models revealed that the incidence rate for declines in cognitive score was significantly higher in breakfast skipper (n = 29) than breakfast eaters (n = 683) [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2.10; 95% CI, 1.28-3.44]. Additional propensity score adjustments related to breakfast skipping from baseline parameters (age, gender, smoking and drinking status, BMI, household income, educated level, depressive symptoms, hypertension, diabetes, sleep medication, physical activity, caloric intake, and baseline cognition) produced consistent results (IRR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.33-3.68). Sensitivity analysis, when the cut-off value of decreases in MMSE score was changed to three points, suggested a significant and stronger association (IRR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.72-5.35). Regarding daily intakes of food groups, breakfast skippers consumed a significantly lower amount of vegetables, fruits, and fish than breakfast eaters. In conclusion, our findings suggest that breakfast skipping is longitudinally associated with declines in cognitive score among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ishizuka
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoto Otaki
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamagami
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie Prefectural Mental Care Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Wang L, Chan V, Allman-Farinelli M, Davies A, Wellard-Cole L, Rangan A. Wearable Cameras Reveal Large Intra-Individual Variability in Timing of Eating among Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204349. [PMID: 36297030 PMCID: PMC9611808 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that young adults follow less structured eating patterns compared with older cohorts. This may have implications for dietary assessment methods which rely on memory and structured meal patterns. Our aim was to describe the intra-individual variation of eating times in young adults aged 18−30 years. Participants (n = 41) wore an Autographer camera that captured first-person perspective images every 30 s for three consecutive days. All images were timestamped and those showing food consumption were used to extract data such as the timing of the first and last eating occasions (EOs), number of EOs per day, and length of eating window. Intra-individual variability was calculated from these data using composite phase deviation (CPD) and coefficient of variation (CV). The number of individuals with high or very high variability was 28 and 18 for timing of first and last EOs, respectively (CPD > 1.70), and 27 and 17 for number of EOs and eating window, respectively (CV > 20%). In this sample of young adults, the lack of regularity in eating patterns should be considered when selecting a dietary assessment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Wang
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Virginia Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alyse Davies
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lyndal Wellard-Cole
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Anna Rangan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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46
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Suzuki Y, Kaneko H, Yano Y, Okada A, Itoh H, Matsuoka S, Fujiu K, Michihata N, Jo T, Takeda N, Morita H, Matsunaga A, Node K, McEvoy JW, Lam CSP, Oparil S, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:858-866. [PMID: 35639507 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension. METHODS We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20-39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, optimal dietary habits, untreated fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, and untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary endpoint was defined as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. We defined normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guideline. RESULTS The median age was 35 years, and 62% were men. Number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an increasing risk for the development of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Non-ideal body mass index was most strongly associated with a risk for hypertension. This association was more pronounced in women. An annual increase in the number of non-ideal CVH metrics was associated with an elevated risk for the hypertension development. CONCLUSIONS CVH metrics can stratify the risk for hypertension in non-hypertensive adults aged 20-39 years. These findings have important public health implications for the screening and prevention of hypertension. Improving CVH metrics may prevent the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Suzuki
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Itoh
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Matsunaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John W McEvoy
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Yoshizaki T, Ishihara J, Kotemori A, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association between irregular daily routine and risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease in a large Japanese population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15750. [PMID: 36130961 PMCID: PMC9492773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian misalignments have been linked to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, the association between irregular daily routine and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. We examined this association in a prospective study in Japan. The study included 78,115 Japanese participants aged 45–74 years. The self-reported daily routine was evaluated using the question, ‘Is your daily routine or activity schedule regular?’ The response (yes/no) was obtained as a binary variable. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between an irregular daily routine and CVD incidence risk. Among the participants, 23.7% reported an irregular daily routine. During the mean follow-up period of 13.3 years, we observed 4641 CVD events. An irregular daily routine was significantly associated with increased risks of CVD and total stroke in women, but not in men. This positive association between an irregular daily routine and the risk of CVD was weak in the high vegetable and fruit consuming population. An irregular daily routine is positively associated with the risk of incident CVD, especially in women. These associations may be weak in populations that consume a diet rich in vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-Machi, Oura-Gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kotemori
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita City, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya City, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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48
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Roshanmehr F, Hayashi K, Tahara Y, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Iwai T, Shibata S. Association between Breakfast Meal Categories and Timing of Physical Activity of Japanese Workers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172609. [PMID: 36076795 PMCID: PMC9455950 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and has been associated with longevity. Regular breakfast consumers often have a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity. Methods: We examined the association between breakfast type, chronotype (morningness-eveningness), and physical activity in 3395 Japanese workers using a cross-sectional web survey. Results: Participants who ate Japanese breakfasts showed an early chronotype, while those who ate breakfast cereal exhibited a later chronotype. Physical activity was positively associated with adopting a Japanese breakfast style. Japanese breakfast eaters performed physical activities from 6:00–9:00 compared with other breakfast eaters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that eating a Japanese breakfast is associated with an earlier chronotype (morningness) and higher physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Katsuki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suiko
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamori
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takao Iwai
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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49
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Itoh H, Kaneko H, Okada A, Suzuki Y, Fujiu K, Matsuoka S, Michihata N, Jo T, Nakanishi K, Takeda N, Morita H, Node K, Di Tullio MR, Homma S, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Age-Specific Relation of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Incident Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol 2022; 177:34-39. [PMID: 35773045 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We examined the age-related differences in cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Analyses were conducted using data from the JMDC Claims Database from 2005 to 2020 (n = 2,728,427; mean age 44.9 ± 11.0 years; 56.2% men). Participants were categorized on the basis of age: 20 to 49 years (n = 1,800,161), 50 to 59 years (n = 644,703), and 60 to 75 years (n = 283,563). Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, not skipping breakfast, blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg, fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL, and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. Over a mean follow-up of 1,194 ± 917 days, 5,988 myocardial infarction (MI), 53,409 angina pectoris, 26,530 stroke, and 52,712 heart failure (HF) events were recorded. Number of the nonideal CVH metrics was associated with incident MI, angina pectoris, stroke, and HF in all age categories. However, the association of the number of nonideal CVH metrics with incident CVD was modified by age categories and was more pronounced in participants aged 20 to 49 years. Similarly, the relative risk reduction at 1 year for each CVD event under the virtual condition that an individual with 2 nonideal CVH metrics has decreased them to zero, decreased with age. For example, relative risk reduction for MI was 0.51 in participants aged 20 to 49 years, 0.48 in those aged 50 to 59 years, and 0.40 in those aged 60 to 75 years. In conclusion, CVH metrics were more strongly associated with incident CVD including HF among younger individuals suggesting the importance of optimizing modifiable risk factors and lifestyles in young participants for the primary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Advanced Cardiology.
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Advanced Cardiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Carew AS, Mekary RA, Kirkland S, Theou O, Siddiqi F, Urquhart R, George M, Blanchard C, Biggs ML, Djoussé L, Mukamal KJ, Cahill LE. Prospective study of breakfast frequency and timing and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:325-334. [PMID: 35380627 PMCID: PMC9348984 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No evidence-based recommendations regarding optimal breakfast frequency and timing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exist for older adults because of limited studies. OBJECTIVES We sought to prospectively assess relations between breakfast frequency and timing and T2DM risk among older adults and determine whether these depended on sex or cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Weekly breakfast frequency and usual daily breakfast time were assessed by questionnaire at baseline in 3747 older adults (aged ≥ 65 y) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of cancer and T2DM and followed for 17.6 y. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs estimated from Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify associations with T2DM. RESULTS Most CHS participants (median age: 74 y; IQR: 71-78 y) consumed breakfast daily (85.5%), and 73% had their first daily eating occasion between 07:00 and 09:00, both of which were associated with higher socioeconomic status, factors that are indicative of a healthier lifestyle, and lower levels of cardiometabolic risk indicators at baseline. During follow-up, 547 T2DM cases were documented. No strong evidence was observed linking breakfast frequency and risk of T2DM. Compared with participants whose breakfast timing (first eating occasion of the day) was 07:00-09:00, those who broke fast after 09:00 had an aHR for T2DM of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.99). This association was present in participants with impaired fasting glucose at baseline (aHR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.95) but not in those without (aHR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.38). No associations between eating frequency or timing and T2DM were observed within other prespecified subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Eating breakfast daily was not associated with either higher or lower risk of T2DM in this cohort of older adults, whereas a later (after 09:00) daily first eating occasion time was associated with lower T2DM risk in participants with impaired fasting glucose at baseline.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie S Carew
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rania A Mekary
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olga Theou
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ferhan Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robin Urquhart
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michelle George
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chris Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division on Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, USA
| | - Leah E Cahill
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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