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Martini T, Gobet C, Salati A, Blanc J, Mookhoek A, Reinehr M, Knott G, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Naef F. A sexually dimorphic hepatic cycle of periportal VLDL generation and subsequent pericentral VLDLR-mediated re-uptake. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8422. [PMID: 39341814 PMCID: PMC11438914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent single-cell transcriptomes revealed spatiotemporal programmes of liver function on the sublobular scale. However, how sexual dimorphism affected this space-time logic remained poorly understood. We addressed this by performing scRNA-seq in the mouse liver, which revealed that sex, space and time together markedly influence xenobiotic detoxification and lipoprotein metabolism. The very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) exhibits a pericentral expression pattern, with significantly higher mRNA and protein levels in female mice. Conversely, VLDL assembly is periportally biased, suggesting a sexually dimorphic hepatic cycle of periportal formation and pericentral uptake of VLDL. In humans, VLDLR expression is also pericentral, with higher mRNA and protein levels in premenopausal women compared to similarly aged men. Individuals with low hepatic VLDLR expression show a high prevalence of atherosis in the coronary artery already at an early age and an increased incidence of heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Martini
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Salati
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Blanc
- Bioelectron Microscopy Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aart Mookhoek
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reinehr
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Graham Knott
- Bioelectron Microscopy Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz
- Histology Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Qi J, Dong M, Gou Q, Zhu H. Multi-omics analysis of the lipid-regulating effects of metformin in a glucose concentration-dependent manner in macrophage-derived foam cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01269-x. [PMID: 39235508 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Metformin has a long history of clinical application and has been shown to have outstanding ability in lowering glucose. Recent advances have further revealed its broad modulatory ability beyond glucose-lowering, expanding the scope of metformin applications. Metformin has now been applied as a viable lipid-lowering strategy in non-hyperglycemic obese patients. However, the benefits and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of metformin administration in non-hyperglycemic populations remain to be explained. Our study aimed to systematically investigate the differences in the lipid-lowering function and pharmacological mechanisms of metformin in high- and low-sugar conditions to facilitate the development of individualized metformin use regimens for different clinical patients. We constructed macrophage-derived foam cell models in vitro for subsequent analysis. ORO results showed that metformin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in macrophages in both high and low glucose environments, but the lipid decline was higher in the high glucose environment. By mutual validation and joint analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics, significant differences in metformin transcriptional and metabolic patterns existed among high and normal glucose environments. The significant alterations of genes such as DGKA, LPL, DGAT2 and lipid metabolites such as LysPA and LysPC partially explained the glucose-dependent pharmacological function of metformin. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the lipid-lowering effect of metformin depends on the extracellular glucose concentration, and systematically studied the molecular mechanism of metformin in different glycemic environments, which provides a certain reference value for the subsequent in-depth study and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiling Gou
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huolan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Yadav MA, Trivedi D, Chandra H, Reddy SN, Subramaniam G, Nambathula S. Congenital Hyperlipidemia in Infants for Congenital Cardiac Surgery. JACC Case Rep 2024; 29:102368. [PMID: 38774635 PMCID: PMC11107354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2024.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Infants with concurrent severe hypertriglyceridemia and complex congenital heart disease are a rare occurrence and can have life-threatening consequences when undergoing surgical intervention. This case series outlines two instances involving infants undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair and surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect. The study explores troubleshooting the effects of hypertriglyceridemia on perioperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu A. Yadav
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Division, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dipesh Trivedi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hriday Chandra
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinath N. Reddy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ganapathy Subramaniam
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Syambabu Nambathula
- Department of Perfusion, Sri Padmavathi Children's Heart Centre, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
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4
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Wang Y, Zeng D, Wei L, Chen J, Li H, Wen L, Huang G, Dai Z, Luo J, Sun J, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Chen T. Effects of emulsifiers on lipid metabolism and performance of yellow-feathered broilers. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:246. [PMID: 38849831 PMCID: PMC11157903 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing production costs while producing high-quality livestock and poultry products is an ongoing concern in the livestock industry. The addition of oil to livestock and poultry diets can enhance feed palatability and improve growth performance. Emulsifiers can be used as potential feed supplements to improve dietary energy utilization and maintain the efficient productivity of broilers. Therefore, further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether dietary emulsifier supplementation can improve the efficiency of fat utilization in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers. In the present study, the effects of adding emulsifier to the diet on lipid metabolism and the performance of yellow-feathered broilers were tested. A total of 240 yellow-feasted broilers (21-day-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 replicates per group, 10 broilers per replicate, half male and half female within each replicate). The groups were as follows: the control group (fed with basal diet), the group fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier, the group fed with a reduced oil diet (reduced by 1%) supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier, and the group fed with a reduced oil diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier. The trial lasted for 42 days, during which the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio were measured. Additionally, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver, abdominal fat and each intestinal segment were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the basal diet group, (1) The average daily gain of the basal diet + 500 mg/kg emulsifier group significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the half-even-chamber rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05); (2) The mRNA expression levels of Cd36, Dgat2, Apob, Fatp4, Fabp2, and Mttp in the small intestine were significantly increased (P < 0.05). (3) Furthermore, liver TG content significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression level of Fasn in liver was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Apob, Lpl, Cpt-1, and Pparα significantly increased (P < 0.05). (4) The mRNA expression levels of Lpl and Fatp4 in adipose tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Atgl was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the reduced oil diet group, the half-evading rate and abdominal fat rate of broilers in the reduced oil diet + 500 mg/kg emulsifier group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the serum level of LDL-C increased significantly (P < 0.05)0.6) The mRNA expression levels of Cd36, Fatp4, Dgat2, Apob, and Mttp in the small intestine were significantly increased (P < 0.05). 7) The mRNA expression levels of Fasn and Acc were significantly decreased in the liver (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of Lpin1, Dgat2, Apob, Lpl, Cpt-1, and Pparα were significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary emulsifier can enhance the fat utilization efficiency of broilers by increasing the small intestinal fatty acid uptake capacity, inhibiting hepatic fatty acid synthesis and promoting hepatic TG synthesis and transport capacity. This study provides valuable insights for the potential use of emulsifier supplementation to improve the performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Dewei Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571100, China
| | - Jingshen Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Yingdong College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Guangdong Hainachuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 528515, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Guangdong Hainachuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 528515, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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5
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Clark AM, Yu D, Neiswanger G, Zhu D, Zou J, Maschek JA, Burgoyne T, Yang J. Disruption of CFAP418 interaction with lipids causes widespread abnormal membrane-associated cellular processes in retinal degenerations. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e162621. [PMID: 37971880 PMCID: PMC10906455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic ciliopathies and retinal degenerations are large heterogeneous groups of genetic diseases. Pathogenic variants in the CFAP418 gene may cause both disorders, and its protein sequence is evolutionarily conserved. However, the disease mechanism underlying CFAP418 mutations has not been explored. Here, we apply quantitative lipidomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiling and affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry to address the molecular function of CFAP418 in the retina. We show that CFAP418 protein binds to the lipid metabolism precursor phosphatidic acid (PA) and mitochondrion-specific lipid cardiolipin but does not form a tight and static complex with proteins. Loss of Cfap418 in mice disturbs membrane lipid homeostasis and membrane-protein associations, which subsequently causes mitochondrial defects and membrane-remodeling abnormalities across multiple vesicular trafficking pathways in photoreceptors, especially the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Ablation of Cfap418 also increases the activity of PA-binding protein kinase Cα in the retina. Overall, our results indicate that membrane lipid imbalance is a pathological mechanism underlying syndromic ciliopathies and retinal degenerations which is associated with other known causative genes of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
| | - Grace Neiswanger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
| | - Daniel Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
| | - Junhuang Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
| | - J. Alan Maschek
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, and
- Department of Otolaryngology, and
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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6
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Yang Y, Beigneux AP, Song W, Nguyen LP, Jung H, Tu Y, Weston TA, Tran CM, Xie K, Yu RG, Tran AP, Miyashita K, Nakajima K, Murakami M, Chen YQ, Zhen EY, Kim JR, Kim PH, Birrane G, Tontonoz P, Ploug M, Konrad RJ, Fong LG, Young SG. Hypertriglyceridemia in Apoa5-/- mice results from reduced amounts of lipoprotein lipase in the capillary lumen. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172600. [PMID: 37824203 PMCID: PMC10688983 DOI: 10.1172/jci172600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Why apolipoprotein AV (APOA5) deficiency causes hypertriglyceridemia has remained unclear, but we have suspected that the underlying cause is reduced amounts of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in capillaries. By routine immunohistochemistry, we observed reduced LPL staining of heart and brown adipose tissue (BAT) capillaries in Apoa5-/- mice. Also, after an intravenous injection of LPL-, CD31-, and GPIHBP1-specific mAbs, the binding of LPL Abs to heart and BAT capillaries (relative to CD31 or GPIHBP1 Abs) was reduced in Apoa5-/- mice. LPL levels in the postheparin plasma were also lower in Apoa5-/- mice. We suspected that a recent biochemical observation - that APOA5 binds to the ANGPTL3/8 complex and suppresses its capacity to inhibit LPL catalytic activity - could be related to the low intracapillary LPL levels in Apoa5-/- mice. We showed that an ANGPTL3/8-specific mAb (IBA490) and APOA5 normalized plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and intracapillary LPL levels in Apoa5-/- mice. We also showed that ANGPTL3/8 detached LPL from heparan sulfate proteoglycans and GPIHBP1 on the surface of cells and that the LPL detachment was blocked by IBA490 and APOA5. Our studies explain the hypertriglyceridemia in Apoa5-/- mice and further illuminate the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine and
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuya Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yan Q. Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugene Y. Zhen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Gabriel Birrane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert J. Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine and
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Song W, Beigneux AP, Weston TA, Chen K, Yang Y, Nguyen LP, Guagliardo P, Jung H, Tran AP, Tu Y, Tran C, Birrane G, Miyashita K, Nakajima K, Murakami M, Tontonoz P, Jiang H, Ploug M, Fong LG, Young SG. The lipoprotein lipase that is shuttled into capillaries by GPIHBP1 enters the glycocalyx where it mediates lipoprotein processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313825120. [PMID: 37871217 PMCID: PMC10623010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313825120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme that carries out the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), is synthesized by adipocytes and myocytes and secreted into the interstitial spaces. The LPL is then bound by GPIHBP1, a GPI-anchored protein of endothelial cells (ECs), and transported across ECs to the capillary lumen. The assumption has been that the LPL that is moved into capillaries remains attached to GPIHBP1 and that GPIHBP1 serves as a platform for TRL processing. In the current studies, we examined the validity of that assumption. We found that an LPL-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), 88B8, which lacks the ability to detect GPIHBP1-bound LPL, binds avidly to LPL within capillaries. We further demonstrated, by confocal microscopy, immunogold electron microscopy, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses, that the LPL detected by mAb 88B8 is located within the EC glycocalyx, distant from the GPIHBP1 on the EC plasma membrane. The LPL within the glycocalyx mediates the margination of TRLs along capillaries and is active in TRL processing, resulting in the delivery of lipoprotein-derived lipids to immediately adjacent parenchymal cells. Thus, the LPL that GPIHBP1 transports into capillaries can detach and move into the EC glycocalyx, where it functions in the intravascular processing of TRLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Song
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Anne P. Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Thomas A. Weston
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth6009, Australia
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Le Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth6009, Australia
| | - Hyesoo Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Anh P. Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Caitlyn Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Gabriel Birrane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Kazuya Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi371-8511, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi371-8511, Japan
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen NDK–2200, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen NDK-2200, Denmark
| | - Loren G. Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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8
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Mehta N, Gilbert R, Chahal PS, Moreno MJ, Nassoury N, Coulombe N, Lytvyn V, Mercier M, Fatehi D, Lin W, Harvey EM, Zhang LH, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Elahi SM, Ross CJD, Stanimirovic DB, Hayden MR. Preclinical Development and Characterization of Novel Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors for the Treatment of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:927-946. [PMID: 37597209 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) results from mutations within the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene that lead to a complete lack of catalytically active LPL protein. Glybera was one of the first adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene replacement therapy to receive European Medicines Agency regulatory approval for the treatment of LPLD. However, Glybera is no longer marketed potentially due to a combination of economical, manufacturing, and vector-related issues. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficacious AAV gene therapy vector for LPLD. Following preclinical biodistribution, efficacy and non-Good Laboratory Practice toxicity studies with novel AAV1 and AAV8-based vectors in mice, we identified AAV8 pVR59. AAV8 pVR59 delivered a codon-optimized, human gain-of-function hLPLS447X transgene driven by a CAG promoter in an AAV8 capsid. AAV8 pVR59 was significantly more efficacious, at 10- to 100-fold lower doses, compared with an AAV1 vector based on Glybera, when delivered intramuscularly or intravenously, respectively, in mice with LPLD. Efficient gene transfer was observed within the injected skeletal muscle and liver following delivery of AAV8 pVR59, with long-term correction of LPLD phenotypes, including normalization of plasma triglycerides and lipid tolerance, for up to 6 months post-treatment. While intramuscular delivery of AAV8 pVR59 was well tolerated, intravenous administration augmented liver pathology. These results highlight the feasibility of developing a superior AAV vector for the treatment of LPLD and provide critical insight for initiating studies in larger animal models. The identification of an AAV gene therapy vector that is more efficacious at lower doses, when paired with recent advances in production and manufacturing technologies, will ultimately translate to increased safety and accessibility for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Parminder S Chahal
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maria J Moreno
- Department of Translational Biosciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nasha Nassoury
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Coulombe
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lytvyn
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mario Mercier
- Department of Translational Biosciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dorothy Fatehi
- Department of Translational Biosciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wendy Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily M Harvey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lin-Hua Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms and Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Colin J D Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Department of Translational Biosciences, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Li X, Bi X. Integrated Control of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure. Metabolites 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37233656 PMCID: PMC10220550 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted fatty acid metabolism is one of the most important metabolic features in heart failure. The heart obtains energy from fatty acids via oxidation. However, heart failure results in markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation and is accompanied by the accumulation of excess lipid moieties that lead to cardiac lipotoxicity. Herein, we summarized and discussed the current understanding of the integrated regulation of fatty acid metabolism (including fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation) in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The functions of many enzymes and regulatory factors in fatty acid homeostasis were characterized. We reviewed their contributions to the development of heart failure and highlighted potential targets that may serve as promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China;
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10
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Schmalz F, Fischer J, Innes H, Buch S, Möller C, Matz-Soja M, von Schönfels W, Krämer B, Langhans B, Klüners A, Soyka M, Stickel F, Nattermann J, Strassburg CP, Berg T, Lutz P, Nischalke HD. High producer variant of lipoprotein lipase may protect from hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100684. [PMID: 36879887 PMCID: PMC9985032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is driven by genetic predisposition. The rs13702 variant in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed at clarifying its role in ALD. Methods Patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis, with (n = 385) and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 656), with HCC attributable to viral hepatitis C (n = 280), controls with alcohol abuse without liver damage (n = 366), and healthy controls (n = 277) were genotyped regarding the LPL rs13702 polymorphism. Furthermore, the UK Biobank cohort was analysed. LPL expression was investigated in human liver specimens and in liver cell lines. Results Frequency of the LPL rs13702 CC genotype was lower in ALD with HCC in comparison to ALD without HCC both in the initial (3.9% vs. 9.3%) and the validation cohort (4.7% vs. 9.5%; p <0.05 each) and compared with patients with viral HCC (11.4%), alcohol misuse without cirrhosis (8.7%), or healthy controls (9.0%). This protective effect (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5) was confirmed in multivariate analysis including age (OR = 1.1/year), male sex (OR = 3.0), diabetes (OR = 1.8), and carriage of the PNPLA3 I148M risk variant (OR = 2.0). In the UK Biobank cohort, the LPL rs13702 C allele was replicated as a risk factor for HCC. Liver expression of LPL mRNA was dependent on LPL rs13702 genotype and significantly higher in patients with ALD cirrhosis compared with controls and alcohol-associated HCC. Although hepatocyte cell lines showed negligible LPL protein expression, hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells expressed LPL. Conclusions LPL is upregulated in the liver of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis. The LPL rs13702 high producer variant confers protection against HCC in ALD, which might help to stratify people for HCC risk. Impact and implications Hepatocellular carcinoma is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis influenced by genetic predisposition. We found that a genetic variant in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase reduces the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis. This genetic variation may directly affect the liver, because, unlike in healthy adult liver, lipoprotein lipase is produced from liver cells in alcohol-associated cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alcohol-associated liver disease
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Cirrhosis
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- FIB-4, fibrosis 4
- GADPH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin
- LPL
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- MAF, minor allele frequency
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OR, odds ratio
- PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- UKB, UK Biobank
- rs13702
- rs328
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmalz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Janett Fischer
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamish Innes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Möller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrecht University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Langhans
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klüners
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
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11
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Wen J, Ling R, Chen R, Zhang S, Dai Y, Zhang T, Guo F, Wang Q, Wang G, Jiang Y. Diversity of arterial cell and phenotypic heterogeneity induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:971091. [PMID: 36910156 PMCID: PMC9997679 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.971091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is the basis of atherosclerotic lesions, in which cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main factor involved with the atherosclerotic development. A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet can lead to this disorder in the human body, thus accelerating the process of disease. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing in recent years has opened the possibility to unbiasedly map cellular heterogeneity with high throughput and high resolution; alterations mediated by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet at the single-cell transcriptomic level can be explored with this mean afterward. We assessed the aortic arch of 16-week old Apoe-/- mice of two control groups (12 weeks of chow diet) and two HFD groups (12 weeks of high fat, high cholesterol diet) to process single-cell suspension and use single-cell RNA sequencing to anatomize the transcripts of 5,416 cells from the control group and 2,739 from the HFD group. Through unsupervised clustering, 14 cell types were divided and defined. Among these cells, the cellular heterogeneity exhibited in endothelial cells and immune cells is the most prominent. Subsequent screening delineated ten endothelial cell subsets with various function based on gene expression profiling. The distribution of endothelial cells and immune cells differs significantly between the control group versus the HFD one. The existence of pathways that inhibit atherosclerosis was found in both dysfunctional endothelial cells and foam cells. Our data provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of aortic arch cells and unravel the cellular heterogeneity brought by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. All these findings open new perspectives at the transcriptomic level to studying the pathology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Song W, Yang Y, Heizer P, Tu Y, Weston TA, Kim JR, Munguia P, Jung H, Fong JLC, Tran C, Ploug M, Beigneux AP, Young SG, Fong LG. Intracapillary LPL levels in brown adipose tissue, visualized with an antibody-based approach, are regulated by ANGPTL4 at thermoneutral temperatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219833120. [PMID: 36787365 PMCID: PMC9974459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219833120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is secreted into the interstitial spaces by parenchymal cells and then transported into capillaries by GPIHBP1. LPL carries out the lipolytic processing of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), but the tissue-specific regulation of LPL is incompletely understood. Plasma levels of TG hydrolase activity after heparin injection are often used to draw inferences about intravascular LPL levels, but the validity of these inferences is unclear. Moreover, plasma TG hydrolase activity levels are not helpful for understanding LPL regulation in specific tissues. Here, we sought to elucidate LPL regulation under thermoneutral conditions (30 °C). To pursue this objective, we developed an antibody-based method to quantify (in a direct fashion) LPL levels inside capillaries. At 30 °C, intracapillary LPL levels fell sharply in brown adipose tissue (BAT) but not heart. The reduced intracapillary LPL levels were accompanied by reduced margination of TRLs along capillaries. ANGPTL4 expression in BAT increased fourfold at 30 °C, suggesting a potential explanation for the lower intracapillary LPL levels. Consistent with that idea, Angptl4 deficiency normalized both LPL levels and TRL margination in BAT at 30 °C. In Gpihbp1-/- mice housed at 30 °C, we observed an ANGPTL4-dependent decrease in LPL levels within the interstitial spaces of BAT, providing in vivo proof that ANGPTL4 regulates LPL levels before LPL transport into capillaries. In conclusion, our studies have illuminated intracapillary LPL regulation under thermoneutral conditions. Our approaches will be useful for defining the impact of genetic variation and metabolic disease on intracapillary LPL levels and TRL processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Song
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Patrick Heizer
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Thomas A. Weston
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Joonyoung R. Kim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Priscilla Munguia
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Hyesoo Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jared L.-C. Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Caitlyn Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, RigshospitaletDK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of CopenhagenDK-220Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne P. Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Loren G. Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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13
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Al Hageh C, Chacar S, Venkatachalam T, Gauguier D, Abchee A, Chammas E, Hamdan H, O’Sullivan S, Zalloua P, Nader M. Genetic Variants in PHACTR1 & LPL Mediate Restenosis Risk in Coronary Artery Patients. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:83-92. [PMID: 36814994 PMCID: PMC9940491 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s394695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Revascularization via stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are standard treatments for CAD. Despite a high success rate, these approaches are associated with long-term failure due to restenosis. Risk factors associated with restenosis were investigated using a case-control association study design. Methods Five thousand two hundred and forty-two patients were enrolled in this study and were assigned as follows: Stenosis Group: 3570 patients with CAD >50% without a prior stent or CABG (1394 genotyped), and Restenosis Group: 1672 patients with CAD >50% and prior stent deployment or CABG (705 genotyped). Binomial regression models were applied to investigate the association of restenosis with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The genetic association with restenosis was conducted using PLINK 1.9. Results Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.14, P-value <0.0001) for restenosis particularly among men (OR = 2.32, P < 0.0001), while type 2 diabetes (T2D) was associated with an increased risk of restenosis in women (OR = 1.36, P = 0.01). The rs9349379 (PHACTR1) and rs264 (LPL) were associated with an increased risk of restenosis in our patients. PHACTR1 variant was associated with increased risk of restenosis mainly in women and in diabetic patients, while the LPL variant was associated with increased risk of restenosis in men. Conclusion The rs9349379 in PHACTR1 gene is significantly associated with restenosis, this association is more pronounced in women and in diabetic patients. The rs264 in LPL gene was associated with increased risk of restenosis in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Al Hageh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephanie Chacar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Department of Physiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada,Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Abchee
- Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elie Chammas
- School of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Siobhan O’Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence: Pierre Zalloua; Moni Nader, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Email ;
| | - Moni Nader
- Department of Physiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE,Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University for Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Zhu R, Chen S. Proteomic analysis reveals semaglutide impacts lipogenic protein expression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095432. [PMID: 37025414 PMCID: PMC10070826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a global health problem with few pharmacologic options. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that induces weight loss. Yet, the role of semaglutide in adipose tissue has not yet been examined. The following study investigated the mechanism of semaglutide on lipid metabolism by analyzing proteomics of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in obese mice. METHODS A total of 36 C57BL/6JC mice were randomly divided into a normal-chow diet group (NCD, n = 12), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 12), and HFD+semaglutide group (Sema, n = 12). Mice in the Sema group were intraperitoneally administered semaglutide, and the HFD group and the NCD group were intraperitoneally administered an equal volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected to detect fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. The Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was used to measure the blood glucose value at each time point and calculate the area under the glucose curve. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to study the expression of eWAT, while cellular processes, biological processes, corresponding molecular functions, and related network molecular mechanisms were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the semaglutide-treated mice presented 640 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 292 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed a reduction of CD36, FABP5, ACSL, ACOX3, PLIN2, ANGPTL4, LPL, MGLL, AQP7, and PDK4 involved in the lipid metabolism in the Sema group accompanied by a decrease in visceral fat accumulation, blood lipids, and improvement in glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION Semaglutide can effectively reduce visceral fat and blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism in obese mice. Semaglutide treatment might have beneficial effects on adipose tissues through the regulation of lipid uptake, lipid storage, and lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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15
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Li X, Sun M, Qi H, Ju C, Chen Z, Gao X, Lin Z. Identification of a Chromosome 1 Substitution Line B6-Chr1BLD as a Novel Hyperlipidemia Model via Phenotyping Screening. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121276. [PMID: 36557314 PMCID: PMC9781061 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disease that seriously affects human health. Due to the fact that traditional animal models cannot fully mimic hyperlipidemia in humans, new animal models are urgently needed for basic drug research on hyperlipidemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that the genomic diversity of the wild mice chromosome 1 substitution lines was significantly different from that of laboratory mice, suggesting that it might be accompanied by phenotypic diversity. We first screened the blood lipid-related phenotype of chromosome 1 substitution lines. We found that the male HFD-fed B6-Chr1BLD mice showed more severe hyperlipidemia-related phenotypes in body weight, lipid metabolism and liver lesions. By RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing results of B6-Chr1BLD, we found that several differentially expressed single nucleotide polymorphism enriched genes were associated with lipid metabolism-related pathways. Lipid metabolism-related genes, mainly including Aida, Soat1, Scly and Ildr2, might play an initial and upstream role in the abnormal metabolic phenotype of male B6-Chr1BLD mice. Taken together, male B6-Chr1BLD mice could serve as a novel, polygenic interaction-based hyperlipidemia model. This study could provide a novel animal model for accurate clinical diagnosis and precise medicine of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Minli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hao Qi
- GemPharmatech Inc., 12 Xuefu Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (Z.L.)
| | - Cunxiang Ju
- GemPharmatech Inc., 12 Xuefu Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- GemPharmatech Inc., 12 Xuefu Road, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Li X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Lin Y. Chi-Circ_0006511 Positively Regulates the Differentiation of Goat Intramuscular Adipocytes via Novel-miR-87/CD36 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12295. [PMID: 36293149 PMCID: PMC9603556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Goats are an important livestock and goat meat is essential to local people. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content has a great influence on the quality of goat meat. The intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation is closely related to the IMF deposition; however, its potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. CircRNAs were revealed to be involved in multiple biological progressions. In this study, we took primary goat intramuscular preadipocyte (GIMPA) as the study model to verify the function and mechanism of chi-circ_0006511, which was abundant and up-regulated in mature adipocytes (GIMA). The results showed that the expression level of chi-circ_0006511 gradually increased in the early stage of GIMPA differentiation, and chi-circ_0006511 was confirmed to promote GIMPA lipid droplets aggregation and up-regulate the adipogenic differentiation determinants, further promoting GIMPA differentiation. Mechanistically, chi-circ_0006511 exerts its function by sponging novel-miR-87, thereby regulating the expression of CD36. The results from this study provided novel significant information to better understand the molecular regulatory mechanism of intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation, thereby providing a new reference for the intramuscular fat adipogenesis in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Young SG, Song W, Yang Y, Birrane G, Jiang H, Beigneux AP, Ploug M, Fong LG. A protein of capillary endothelial cells, GPIHBP1, is crucial for plasma triglyceride metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211136119. [PMID: 36037340 PMCID: PMC9457329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211136119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPIHBP1, a protein of capillary endothelial cells (ECs), is a crucial partner for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. GPIHBP1, which contains a three-fingered cysteine-rich LU (Ly6/uPAR) domain and an intrinsically disordered acidic domain (AD), captures LPL from within the interstitial spaces (where it is secreted by parenchymal cells) and shuttles it across ECs to the capillary lumen. Without GPIHBP1, LPL remains stranded within the interstitial spaces, causing severe hypertriglyceridemia (chylomicronemia). Biophysical studies revealed that GPIHBP1 stabilizes LPL structure and preserves LPL activity. That discovery was the key to crystallizing the GPIHBP1-LPL complex. The crystal structure revealed that GPIHBP1's LU domain binds, largely by hydrophobic contacts, to LPL's C-terminal lipid-binding domain and that the AD is positioned to project across and interact, by electrostatic forces, with a large basic patch spanning LPL's lipid-binding and catalytic domains. We uncovered three functions for GPIHBP1's AD. First, it accelerates the kinetics of LPL binding. Second, it preserves LPL activity by inhibiting unfolding of LPL's catalytic domain. Third, by sheathing LPL's basic patch, the AD makes it possible for LPL to move across ECs to the capillary lumen. Without the AD, GPIHBP1-bound LPL is trapped by persistent interactions between LPL and negatively charged heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the abluminal surface of ECs. The AD interrupts the HSPG interactions, freeing LPL-GPIHBP1 complexes to move across ECs to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 is medically important; GPIHBP1 mutations cause lifelong chylomicronemia, and GPIHBP1 autoantibodies cause some acquired cases of chylomicronemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Wenxin Song
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Gabriel Birrane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anne P. Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loren G. Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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18
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Limited effects of systemic or renal lipoprotein lipase deficiency on renal physiology and diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Different gene co-expression patterns of aortic intima-media and adventitia in thoracic aortic aneurysm. Gene 2022; 819:146233. [PMID: 35121027 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to permanent aortic dilation, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a life-threatening disease. Once ruptured, TAA has a high lethality and disability rate. Although studies have focused on transcriptomic alterations in TAA, more detailed analysis is still lacking, especially the different aortic intima-media and adventitia roles. This study aimed to identify the different co-expression patterns between the aortic intima-media and the adventitia underlying the aortic dilation. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression profiles obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE26155) database. With a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and |log2FC| ≥ 1, 56 and 33 differential genes in the intima-media and adventitia, respectively, between the non-dilated and dilated status. Gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that degranulation and activation of neutrophils play an essential role in the intima-media of dilated aortas. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified essential co-expressed modules and hub genes to explore the biological functions of the dysregulated genes. RESULTS Functional pathway analysis suggested that lipid metabolism, C-C motif chemokine pathways were significantly enriched in the adventitia, whereas ribosome proteins and related mRNA translation pathways were closely related to intima and media. Furthermore, the ssGSEA analysis indicated that macrophages, helper T cells, and neutrophils were higher in the intima-media of the dilated thoracic aorta. Finally, we validated the critical findings of the study with the murine model of TAA. CONCLUSION This study identified and verified hub genes and pathways in aortic intima-media and adventitia prominently associated with aortic dilation, providing practical understanding in the perspective of searching for new molecular targets.
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Thiemann E, Schwaerzer GK, Evangelakos I, Fuh MM, Jaeckstein MY, Behrens J, Nilsson SK, Kumari M, Scheja L, Pfeifer A, Heeren J, Heine M. Role of Endothelial Cell Lipoprotein Lipase for Brown Adipose Tissue Lipid and Glucose Handling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859671. [PMID: 35422714 PMCID: PMC9002057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an important impact on systemic lipoprotein metabolism by accelerating the processing of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expressed by adipocytes is translocated via endothelial to the capillary lumen, where LPL acts as the central enzyme for the vascular lipoprotein processing. Based on preliminary data showing that LPL is not only expressed in adipocytes but also in endothelial cells of cold-activated BAT, we aimed to dissect the relevance of endothelial versus adipocyte LPL for lipid and energy metabolism in the context of adaptive thermogenesis. By metabolic studies we found that cold-induced triglyceride uptake into BAT, lipoprotein disposal, glucose uptake and adaptive thermogenesis were not impaired in mice lacking Lpl exclusively in endothelial cells. This finding may be explained by a compensatory upregulation in the expression of adipocyte-derived Lpl and endothelial lipase (Lipg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Thiemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerburg K. Schwaerzer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marceline M. Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y. Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Markus Heine,
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21
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Li Y, Hu M, Han L, Feng L, Yang L, Chen X, Du T, Yao H, Chen X. Case Report: Next-Generation Sequencing Identified a Novel Pair of Compound-Heterozygous Mutations of LPL Gene Causing Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency. Front Genet 2022; 13:831133. [PMID: 35309119 PMCID: PMC8927541 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of chylomicronemia with early-onset. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis. Serious complications include acute pancreatitis. Gene LPL is one of causative factors of LPLD. Here, we report our experience on an asymptomatic 3.5-month-old Chinese girl with only milky blood. Whole-exome sequencing was performed and identified a pair of compound-heterozygous mutations in LPL gene, c.862G>A (p.A288T) and c.461A>G (p.H154R). Both variants are predicted “deleterious” and classified as “likely pathogenic”. This study expanded the LPL mutation spectrum of disease LPLD, thereby offering exhaustive and valuable experience on early diagnosis and proper medication of LPLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Han
- Running Gene Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luhong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Chen,
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22
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Banik SK, Baishya S, Das Talukdar A, Choudhury MD. Network analysis of atherosclerotic genes elucidates druggable targets. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35241081 PMCID: PMC8893053 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. It is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in arteries under the influence of inflammatory responses, proliferation of smooth muscle cell, accumulation of modified low density lipoprotein. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves the interplay of a number of genes and metabolic pathways. In traditional translation method, only a limited number of genes and pathways can be studied at once. However, the new paradigm of network medicine can be explored to study the interaction of a large array of genes and their functional partners and their connections with the concerned disease pathogenesis. Thus, in our study we employed a branch of network medicine, gene network analysis as a tool to identify the most crucial genes and the miRNAs that regulate these genes at the post transcriptional level responsible for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Result From NCBI database 988 atherosclerotic genes were retrieved. The protein–protein interaction using STRING database resulted in 22,693 PPI interactions among 872 nodes (genes) at different confidence score. The cluster analysis of the 872 genes using MCODE, a plug-in of Cytoscape software revealed a total of 18 clusters, the topological parameter and gene ontology analysis facilitated in the selection of four influential genes viz., AGT, LPL, ITGB2, IRS1 from cluster 3. Further, the miRNAs (miR-26, miR-27, and miR-29 families) targeting these genes were obtained by employing MIENTURNET webtool. Conclusion Gene network analysis assisted in filtering out the 4 probable influential genes and 3 miRNA families in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These genes, miRNAs can be targeted to restrict the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of atherosclerosis, any approach in the understanding the genes involved in its pathogenesis can substantially enhance the health care system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Kangsa Banik
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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23
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Shi G, Li X, Li K, Huang Y, Lei X, Bai L, Qin C. Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase knockout mice exhibit impaired hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell compartment. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:418-425. [PMID: 34977493 PMCID: PMC8690995 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) maintain the hematopoietic system homeostasis through self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. HSC are regulated by the microenvironment, cytokine signaling, and transcription factors. Recent results have shown that lipid pathways play a key role in the regulation of HSC quiescence, proliferation, and division. However, the mechanism by which lipid metabolism regulates HSC proliferation and differentiation remains to be clarified. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an essential enzyme in the anabolism and catabolism of very low-density lipoprotein, chylomicrons, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Methods The percentage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and immune cells were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The function and the mechanism of HSCs were analyzed by cell colony forming assay and qPCR analysis. The changes in LPL+/- HSC microenvironment were detected by transplantation assays using red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mice. Results To explore the function of LPL in HSC regulation, heterozygous LPL-knockout mice (LPL+/-) were established and analyzed by FACS. LPL+/- mice displayed decreased hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell compartments. In vitro single-cell clonogenic assays and cell-cycle assays using FACS promoted the cell cycle and increased proliferation ability. qPCR analysis showed the expression of p57KIP2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 in LPL+/- mice was upregulated. Conclusions LPL+/- mice exhibited HSC compartment impairment due to promotion of HSC proliferation, without any effects on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Shi
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Keya Li
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Yiying Huang
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xuepei Lei
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Lin Bai
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
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Wu H, Pula T, Tews D, Amri EZ, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Roos J. microRNA-27a-3p but Not -5p Is a Crucial Mediator of Human Adipogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113205. [PMID: 34831427 PMCID: PMC8625276 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, thereby influencing important cellular functions. In adipocytes, miRNAs show import regulatory features and are described to influence differentiation as well as metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory functions. We previously identified miR-27a being upregulated under inflammatory conditions in human adipocytes and aimed to elucidate its function in adipocyte biology. Both strands of miR-27a, miR-27a-3p and -5p, were downregulated during the adipogenic differentiation of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cells, human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (hMADS), and human primary adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs). Using miRNA-mimic transfection, we observed that miR-27a-3p is a crucial regulator of adipogenesis, while miR-27a-5p did not alter the differentiation capacity in SGBS cells. In silico screening predicted lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as potential targets of miR-27a-3p. The downregulation of both genes was verified in vitro, and the interaction of miR-27-3p with target sites in the 3′ UTRs of both genes was confirmed via a miRNA-reporter-gene assay. Here, the knockdown of LPL did not interfere with adipogenic differentiation, while PPARγ knockdown decreased adipogenesis significantly, suggesting that miR-27-3p exerts its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis by repressing PPARγ. Taken together, we identified and validated a crucial role for miR-27a-3p in human adipogenesis played by targeting the essential adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. Though we confirmed LPL as an additional target of miR-27a-3p, it does not appear to be involved in regulating human adipogenesis. Thereby, our findings call the conclusions drawn from previous studies, which identified LPL as a crucial regulator for murine and human adipogenesis, into question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.W.); (T.P.); (K.-M.D.); (P.F.-P.)
| | - Taner Pula
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.W.); (T.P.); (K.-M.D.); (P.F.-P.)
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (D.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France;
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.W.); (T.P.); (K.-M.D.); (P.F.-P.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (D.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.W.); (T.P.); (K.-M.D.); (P.F.-P.)
| | - Julian Roos
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (H.W.); (T.P.); (K.-M.D.); (P.F.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-57255
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Sylvers-Davie KL, Davies BSJ. Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism by ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E493-E508. [PMID: 34338039 PMCID: PMC8560382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00195.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins deliver fatty acids to tissues for oxidation and for storage. Release of fatty acids from circulating lipoprotein triglycerides is carried out by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), thus LPL serves as a critical gatekeeper of fatty acid uptake into tissues. LPL activity is regulated by a number of extracellular proteins including three members of the angiopoietin-like family of proteins. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how, where, and when ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 regulate lipoprotein lipase activity, with a particular emphasis on how these proteins interact with each other to coordinate triglyceride metabolism and fat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Sylvers-Davie
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brandon S J Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Manupati K, Yeeravalli R, Kaushik K, Singh D, Mehra B, Gangane N, Gupta A, Goswami K, Das A. Activation of CD44-Lipoprotein lipase axis in breast cancer stem cells promotes tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166228. [PMID: 34311079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinct CD44+-subpopulations that are involved in metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of CD44 in breast CSCs-mediated tumorigenesis remains elusive. We observed high CD44 expression in advanced-stage clinical breast tumor samples. CD44 activation in breast CSCs sorted from various triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines induced proliferation, migration, invasion, mammosphere formation that were reversed in presence of inhibitor, 4-methyl umbelliferone or CD44 silencing. CD44 activation in breast CSCs induced Src, Akt, and nuclear translocation of pSTAT3. PCR arrays revealed differential expression of a metabolic gene, Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and transcription factor, SNAI3. Differential transcriptional regulation of LPL by pSTAT3 and SNAI3 was confirmed by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Orthotopic xenograft murine breast tumor model revealed high tumorigenicity of CD24-/CD44+-breast CSCs as compared with CD24+-breast cancer cells. Furthermore, stable breast CSCs-CD44 shRNA and/or intratumoral administration of Tetrahydrolipstatin (LPL inhibitor) abrogated tumor progression and neoangiogenesis. Thus, LPL serves as a potential target for an efficacious therapeutics against aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Manupati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Komal Kaushik
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India
| | - Bhupendra Mehra
- Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Nitin Gangane
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Anupama Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442 102, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, TS 500 007, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201 002, India.
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Akerele OA, Manning SJ, Dixon SE, Lacey AE, Cheema SK. Maternal omega-3 fatty acids maintained positive maternal lipids and cytokines profile, and improved pregnancy outcomes of C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108813. [PMID: 34242722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, the regulation of maternal lipid metabolism and cytokines profile by n-3 PUFA during different gestation stages, and its impact on fetal sustainability is not known. We investigated the effects of maternal diet varying in n-3 PUFA prior to, and during gestation, on maternal metabolic profile, placental inflammatory cytokines, and fetal outcomes. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high, low or very low (9, 3 or 1% w/w n-3 PUFA) diet, containing n-6:n-3 PUFA of 5:1, 20:1 and 40:1, respectively for two weeks before mating, and throughout pregnancy. Animals were sacrificed prior to mating (NP), and during pregnancy at gestation days 6.5, 12.5 and 18.5. Maternal metabolic profile, placental cytokines and fetal outcomes were determined. Our results show for the first time that a maternal diet high in n-3 PUFA prevented dyslipidemia in NP mice, and maintained the expected lipid profile during pregnancy. However, females fed the very low n-3 PUFA diet became hyperlipidemic prior to pregnancy, and carried this profile into pregnancy. Maternal diet high in n-3 PUFA maintained maternal plasma progesterone and placental pro-inflammatory cytokines profile, and sustained fetal numbers throughout pregnancy, while females fed the low and very-low n-3 PUFA diet had fewer fetuses. Our findings demonstrate the importance of maternal diet before, and during pregnancy, to maintain maternal metabolic profile and fetus sustainability. These findings are important when designing dietary strategies to optimize maternal metabolism during pregnancy for successful pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunji Anthony Akerele
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Jane Manning
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarah Emily Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Amelia Estelle Lacey
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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28
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Association between the lipoprotein lipase rs1534649 gene polymorphism in intron one with Body Mass Index and High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4717-4722. [PMID: 34354459 PMCID: PMC8324958 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism and distribution of fatty acids hence its role in the initiation and development of dyslipidemia and adiposity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the LPL gene have been associated with dyslipidemia, however, the association with obesity has been limited towards specific populations. This study examined the association between LPL gene polymorphisms with plasma lipid levels and body mass index (BMI) in the Kuwaiti population. We examined a total of 486 adults (303 and 183 females and males respectively) with plasma lipid levels and BMI. DNA samples were genotyped for two LPL gene polymorphisms (rs1534649 and rs28645722) using TaqMan allelic discrimination. The relationship between the genotypes with both plasma lipid levels and BMI were assessed using linear regression using “SNPassoc” package from R statistical software. Using an additive genetic model, linear regression analysis showed the T-allele of rs1534649 to be associated with increased BMI in a dose-dependent trend β = 2.13 (95% CI 1.33–2.94); p = 1.7 × 10−7. In addition, a borderline significance was observed between the T-allele and low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol β = −0.04 (95% CI −0.08, −0.006); p = 0.02. There were no associations between rs28645722 and plasma lipid levels (p > 0.05). However, a trend was observed between the A-allele and increased BMI β = 1.75 (95% CI 0.14–3.35); p = 0.03. Our study shows intron one polymorphism rs1534649 to increase the risk of obesity and dyslipidemia. Our findings warrant further investigation of the mechanism of LPL on the development of obesity along with the role of intron one and its impact on LPL gene activity.
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Key Words
- BMI
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence intervals
- HWE, Hardy and Weinberg Equilibrium
- Kuwait
- LPL
- LPL, Lipoprotein lipase
- Obesity
- Polymorphism HDL
- SD, standard deviation
- SNPs, Single nucleotide polymorphisms
- TC, total cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- VLDL-C, very low-density lipoproteins cholesterol
- glm, general linear model
- β, Beta-coefficient
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Wu SA, Kersten S, Qi L. Lipoprotein Lipase and Its Regulators: An Unfolding Story. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:48-61. [PMID: 33277156 PMCID: PMC8627828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is one of the most important factors in systemic lipid partitioning and metabolism. It mediates intravascular hydrolysis of triglycerides packed in lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Since its initial discovery in the 1940s, its biology and pathophysiological significance have been well characterized. Nonetheless, several studies in the past decade, with recent delineation of LPL crystal structure and the discovery of several new regulators such as angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) and Sel-1 suppressor of Lin-12-like 1 (SEL1L), have completely transformed our understanding of LPL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105, USA.
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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30
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Lu X. Structure and Function of Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5159-5174. [PMID: 31223079 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190621120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-Like Proteins (ANGPTLs) are structurally related to the angiopoietins. A total of eight ANGPTLs (from ANGPTL1 to ANGPTL8) have been identified so far. Most ANGPTLs possess multibiological functions on lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Among them, ANGPTL3 has been shown to regulate the levels of Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) made by the liver and play a crucial role in human lipoprotein metabolism. METHOD A systematic appraisal of ANGPTLs was conducted, focusing on the main features of ANGPTL3 that has a significant role in atherosclerosis. RESULTS Angiopoietins including ANGPTL3 are vascular growth factors that are highly specific for endothelial cells, perform a variety of other regulatory activities to influence inflammation, and have been shown to possess both pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects. CONCLUSION ANGPTL3 has been demonstrated as a promising target in the pharmacological management of atherosclerosis. However, many questions remain about its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London SW3 6LR, England, United Kingdom
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31
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Yamamuro T, Kawabata T, Fukuhara A, Saita S, Nakamura S, Takeshita H, Fujiwara M, Enokidani Y, Yoshida G, Tabata K, Hamasaki M, Kuma A, Yamamoto K, Shimomura I, Yoshimori T. Age-dependent loss of adipose Rubicon promotes metabolic disorders via excess autophagy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4150. [PMID: 32811819 PMCID: PMC7434891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic decline in autophagic activity with age impairs homeostasis in several tissues, leading to age-related diseases. A mechanistic understanding of adipocyte dysfunction with age could help to prevent age-related metabolic disorders, but the role of autophagy in aged adipocytes remains unclear. Here we show that, in contrast to other tissues, aged adipocytes upregulate autophagy due to a decline in the levels of Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy. Rubicon knockout in adipocytes causes fat atrophy and hepatic lipid accumulation due to reductions in the expression of adipogenic genes, which can be recovered by activation of PPARγ. SRC-1 and TIF2, coactivators of PPARγ, are degraded by autophagy in a manner that depends on their binding to GABARAP family proteins, and are significantly downregulated in Rubicon-ablated or aged adipocytes. Hence, we propose that age-dependent decline in adipose Rubicon exacerbates metabolic disorders by promoting excess autophagic degradation of SRC-1 and TIF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamuro
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saita
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Fujiwara
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Enokidani
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gota Yoshida
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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32
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Gao M, Yang C, Wang X, Guo M, Yang L, Gao S, Zhang X, Ruan G, Li X, Tian W, Lu G, Dong X, Ma S, Li W, Wang Y, Zhu H, He J, Yang H, Liu G, Xian X. ApoC2 deficiency elicits severe hypertriglyceridemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis: A rodent model rescued from neonatal death. Metabolism 2020; 109:154296. [PMID: 32562799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE ApoC2 is an important activator for lipoprotein lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich plasma lipoproteins. ApoC2-deficient patients display severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) and recurrent acute pancreatitis. However, due to embryonic lethality in ApoC2 deleted mouse extensive understanding of ApoC2 function is limited in mammalian species. OBJECTIVE We sought to generate an animal model with ApoC2 deficiency in a rodent with some human-like features and then study the precise effects of ApoC2 on lipid and glucose homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using CRISPR/Cas9, we deleted Apoc2 gene from golden Syrian hamster and the homozygous (-/-) pups can be born in matured term but exhibited neonatal lethality. By continuous iv administration of normal hamster serum the ApoC2-/- pups could survive till weaning and displayed severe HTG in adulthood on chow diet. A single iv injection of AAV-hApoC2 at birth can also rescue the neonatal death of ApoC2-/- pups. Adult ApoC2-/-hamsters exhibited a unique phenotype of sHTG with hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis. The sHTG in ApoC2-/- adult hamsters could not be corrected by various lipid-lowering medications, but partially ameliorated by medium chain triglyceride diet and completely corrected by AAV-hApoC2. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel ApoC2-deleted mammalian model with severe hypertriglyceridemia that was fully characterized and highlights a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of ApoC2 deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Hebei Invivo Biotech Co, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiyun Ruan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhong Tian
- Beijing FivePlus Molecular Medicine Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Beijing FivePlus Molecular Medicine Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Ma
- Beijing FivePlus Molecular Medicine Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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33
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Wang CY, Liu KH, Tsai ML, Ho MY, Yeh JK, Hsieh IC, Wen MS, Yeh TS. FTO variants are associated with ANGPTL4 abundances and correlated with body weight reduction after bariatric surgery. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:257-263. [PMID: 32507396 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FTO (fat mass- and obesity-associated) gene variant is an established obesity-susceptibility locus. FTO protein is a nucleic acid demethylase and FTO genetic variants form long-range functional connections with IRX3, which regulates fat mass and metabolism in humans. From our previous results, we found FTO regulates the metabolism of triglyceride in adipocytes through demethylating Angptl4 (angiopoietin-like protein 4) mRNA in mice. We hypothesized that the FTO genetic variants regulate ANGPTL4 abundances in human adipose tissues and affect the outcome after bariatric surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We recruited 188 obesity subjects with body mass indices (BMI)>35kg/m2 and 102 non-obese subjects with BMI<30kg/m2 from the OCEAN registry between 2011 and 2014. The distribution of FTO variants rs9939609 among participates was 73.79% TT, 23.79% AT, and 2.41% AA. The subjects with FTO variants AA or AT were correlated with higher BMI than those with FTO variants TT. The serum ANGPTL4 levels were significantly higher in obese subjects and positively correlated with the presence of FTO AA or AT haplotype. Of these participates, 84 obese subjects underwent bariatric surgery and adipose Angptl4 expressions were analyzed. The adipose Angptl4 mRNA levels and protein abundances were correlated with FTO AA or AT haplotype. The magnitude of excess body weight reduction 2 years after bariatric surgery was correlated with the adipose ANGPTL4 protein levels. CONCLUSION Adipose ANGPTL4 abundances were affected by the presence of FTO obesity risk haplotype and correlated with excess weight loss percentage after bariatric surgery. These data signify the critical role of FTO variants and adipose ANGPTL4 in fatty acid metabolism and bariatric outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yung Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Hau Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Tsai
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yun Ho
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Kai Yeh
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Lin MH, Tian XH, Hao XL, Fei H, Yin JL, Yan DD, Li T. Management of a pregnant patient with chylomicronemia from a novel mutation in GPIHBP1: a case report. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32375710 PMCID: PMC7201967 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive lipid disorder often associated with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. It is documented in most cases with FCS due to the mutations of key proteins in lipolysis, including LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 and GPIHBP1. Case presentation We report the successful management of a 35-year-old pregnant woman carrying a novel homozygous frameshift mutation c.48_49insGCGG (p.P17A fs*22) in the GPIHBP1 gene with previous severe episodes of acute pancreatitis triggered by pregnancy, resulting in adverse obstetrical outcomes. With careful monitoring, the patient underwent an uneventful pregnancy and delivered a baby with no anomalies. Conclusions The case report contributes to the understanding of GPIHBP1-deficient familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) and highlights gestational management of FCS patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Huan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Fei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Lan Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China.
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Takanashi M, Kimura T, Li C, Tanaka M, Matsuhashi A, Yoshida H, Noda A, Xu P, Takase S, Okazaki S, Iizuka Y, Kumagai H, Ikeda Y, Gotoda T, Takahashi M, Yagyu H, Ishibashi S, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Liang G, Okazaki H. Critical Role of SREBP-1c Large-VLDL Pathway in Environment-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia of Apo AV Deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:373-386. [PMID: 30700132 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective- APOA5 variants are strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, as well as increased risks of cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. Hypertriglyceridemia in apo AV dysfunction often aggravates by environmental factors such as high-carbohydrate diets or aging. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which these environmental factors induce hypertriglyceridemia are poorly defined, leaving the high-risk hypertriglyceridemia condition undertreated. Previously, we reported that LXR (liver X receptor)-SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-1c pathway regulates large-VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) production induced by LXR agonist. However, the pathophysiological relevance of the finding remains unknown. Approach and Results- Here, we reconstitute the environment-induced hypertriglyceridemia phenotype of human APOA5 deficiency in Apoa5-/- mice and delineate the role of SREBP-1c in vivo by generating Apoa5-/- ;Srebp-1c-/- mice. The Apoa5-/- mice, which showed moderate hypertriglyceridemia on a chow diet, developed severe hypertriglyceridemia on high-carbohydrate feeding or aging as seen in patients with human apo AV deficiency. These responses were nearly completely abolished in the Apoa5-/- ;Srebp-1c-/- mice. Further mechanistic studies revealed that in response to these environmental factors, SREBP-1c was activated to increase triglyceride synthesis and to permit the incorporation of triglyceride into abnormally large-VLDL particles, which require apo AV for efficient clearance. Conclusions- Severe hypertriglyceridemia develops only when genetic factors (apo AV deficiency) and environmental effects (SREBP-1c activation) coexist. We demonstrate that the regulated production of large-sized VLDL particles via SREBP-1c determines plasma triglyceride levels in apo AV deficiency. Our findings explain the long-standing enigma of the late-onset hypertriglyceridemia phenotype of apo AV deficiency and suggest a new approach to treat hypertriglyceridemia by targeting genes that mediate environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Takanashi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Chengcheng Li
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Ako Matsuhashi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Akari Noda
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Pengfei Xu
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Satoru Takase
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Sachiko Okazaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Hidetoshi Kumagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.K., Y. Ikeda), Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.K., Y. Ikeda), Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takanari Gotoda
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan (Manabu Takahashi, S.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan (H. Yagyu)
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan (Manabu Takahashi, S.I.)
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.L., H.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Okazaki
- From the Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (Mikio Takanashi, T. Kimura, C.L., M. Tanaka, A.M., H. Yoshida, A.N., P.X., S.T., S.O., Y. Iizuka, T.G., T.Y., T. Kadowaki, H.O.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (G.L., H.O.)
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Koerner CM, Roberts BS, Neher SB. Endoplasmic reticulum quality control in lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110547. [PMID: 31442546 PMCID: PMC6814580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in energy metabolism, and a suite of proteins is required to deliver lipids to tissues. Several of these proteins require an intricate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control (QC) system and unique secondary chaperones for folding. Key examples include apolipoprotein B (apoB), which is the primary scaffold for many lipoproteins, dimeric lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which clears cholesterol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation. ApoB requires specialized proteins for lipidation, dimeric lipases lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) require a transmembrane maturation factor for secretion, and the LDLR requires several specialized, domain-specific chaperones. Deleterious mutations in these proteins or their chaperones may result in dyslipidemias, which are detrimental to human health. Here, we review the ER quality control systems that ensure secretion of apoB, LPL, HL, and LDLR with a focus on the specialized chaperones required by each protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Koerner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Benjamin S Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Saskia B Neher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Serrano J, Casanova-Marti À, Lobato M, Terra X, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Proanthocyanidins Limit Adipose Accrual Induced by a Cafeteria Diet, Several Weeks after the End of the Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080598. [PMID: 31398921 PMCID: PMC6723337 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose of proanthocyanidins with satiating properties proved to be able to limit body weight increase several weeks after administration under exposure to a cafeteria diet. Here we describe some of the molecular targets and the duration of the effects. We treated rats with 500 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg BW for ten days. Seven or seventeen weeks after the last GSPE dose, while animals were on a cafeteria diet, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA of the key energy metabolism enzymes from the liver, adipose depots and muscle. We found that a reduction in the expression of adipose Lpl might explain the lower amount of adipose tissue in rats seven weeks after the last GSPE dose. The liver showed increased expression of Cpt1a and Hmgs2 together with a reduction in Fasn and Dgat2. In addition, muscle showed a higher fatty oxidation (Oxct1 and Cpt1b mRNA). However, after seventeen weeks, there was a completely different gene expression pattern. At the conclusion of the study, seven weeks after the last GSPE administration there was a limitation in adipose accrual that might be mediated by an inhibition of the gene expression of the adipose tissue Lpl. Concomitantly there was an increase in fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngela Casanova-Marti
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Lobato
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Lin L, Burke J, Venkatesh S, Sadana P. AMPK-SIRT1-independent inhibition of ANGPTL3 gene expression is a potential lipid-lowering mechanism of metformin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:1421-1428. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Hypertriglyceridaemia enhances cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) regulates plasma triglyceride levels by hydrolysing chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, improves plasma lipids including triglycerides. We examined metformin's regulation of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), a liver-derived secretory protein with LPL inhibitory property.
Methods
Using HepG2 cells, a human hepatocyte cell line, the effects of metformin on ANGPTL3 gene and protein expression were determined. The role of AMPK-SIRT1 pathway in metformin regulation of ANGPTL3 was determined using pharmacological, RNAi and reporter assays. Metformin regulation of ANGPTL3 expression was also examined in sodium palmitate-induced insulin resistance.
Key findings
Metformin and pharmacological activators of AMPK and SIRT1 inhibited the expression of ANGPTL3 in HepG2 cells. Pharmacological or RNAi-based antagonism of AMPK or SIRT1 failed to affect metformin inhibition of ANGPTL3. AMPK-SIRT1 activators and metformin exhibited distinct effects on the expression of ANGPTL3 gene luciferase reporter. Sodium palmitate-induced insulin resistance in cells resulted in increased ANGPTL3 gene expression which was suppressed by pretreatment with metformin.
Conclusions
Metformin inhibits ANGPTL3 expression in the liver in an AMPK-SIRT1-independent manner as a potential mechanism to regulate LPL and lower plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jamie Burke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Sahana Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Prabodh Sadana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Lee J, Lansing J, Brown C, Darland D, Basson MD. Schlafen 3 knockout mice display gender-specific differences in weight gain, food efficiency, and expression of markers of intestinal epithelial differentiation, metabolism, and immune cell function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219267. [PMID: 31260507 PMCID: PMC6602453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are essential for intestinal epithelium absorptive functioning and adaptation to pathological states such as short gut syndrome, ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease. The rodent Slfn3 and its human analog Slfn12 are critical in regulating intestinal epithelial differentiation. We sought to characterize intestinal function in Slfn3 knockout (KO) mice. Male and female pair-fed Slfn3KO mice gained less weight with decreased food efficiency than wild type (WT) mice, with more pronounced effects in females. RNA sequencing performed on intestinal mucosa of Slfn3KO and WT mice showed gene ontology decreases in cell adhesion molecule signaling, tumor necrosis factor receptor binding, and adaptive immune cell proliferation/functioning genes in Slfn3KO mice, with greater effects in females. qPCR analysis of fatty acid metabolism genes, Pla2g4c, Pla2g2f, and Cyp3c55 revealed an increase in Pla2g4c, and a decrease in Pla2g2f in Slfn3KO females. Additionally, adipogenesis genes, Fabp4 and Lpl were decreased and ketogenesis gene Hmgcs2 was increased in female Slfn3KO mice. Sequencing did not reveal significant changes in differentiation markers, so qPCR was utilized. Slfn3KO tended to have decreased expression of intestinal differentiation markers sucrase isomaltase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, villin 1, and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) vs. WT males, although these trends did not achieve statistical significance unless data from several markers was pooled. Differentiation markers, Glut2 and sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), did show statistically significant sex-dependent differences. Glut2 mRNA was reduced in Slfn3KO females, while SGLT1 increased in Slfn3KO males. Notch2 and Cdx2 were only increased in female Slfn3KO mice. Although Slfn3KO mice gain less weight and decreased food efficiency, their biochemical phenotype is more subtle and suggests a complex interplay between gender effects, Slfn3, and another regulatory pathway yet to be identified that compensates for the chronic loss of Slfn3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie E. Vomhof-DeKrey
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Jun Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Jack Lansing
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Chris Brown
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Diane Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Marc D. Basson
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Allan CM, Heizer PJ, Tu Y, Sandoval NP, Jung RS, Morales JE, Sajti E, Troutman TD, Saunders TL, Cusanovich DA, Beigneux AP, Romanoski CE, Fong LG, Young SG. An upstream enhancer regulates Gpihbp1 expression in a tissue-specific manner. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:869-879. [PMID: 30598475 PMCID: PMC6446700 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), the protein that shuttles LPL to the capillary lumen, is essential for plasma triglyceride metabolism. When GPIHBP1 is absent, LPL remains stranded within the interstitial spaces and plasma triglyceride hydrolysis is impaired, resulting in severe hypertriglyceridemia. While the functions of GPIHBP1 in intravascular lipolysis are reasonably well understood, no one has yet identified DNA sequences regulating GPIHBP1 expression. In the current studies, we identified an enhancer element located ∼3.6 kb upstream from exon 1 of mouse Gpihbp1. To examine the importance of the enhancer, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create mice lacking the enhancer (Gpihbp1Enh/Enh). Removing the enhancer reduced Gpihbp1 expression by >90% in the liver and by ∼50% in heart and brown adipose tissue. The reduced expression of GPIHBP1 was insufficient to prevent LPL from reaching the capillary lumen, and it did not lead to hypertriglyceridemia-even when mice were fed a high-fat diet. Compound heterozygotes (Gpihbp1Enh/- mice) displayed further reductions in Gpihbp1 expression and exhibited partial mislocalization of LPL (increased amounts of LPL within the interstitial spaces of the heart), but the plasma triglyceride levels were not perturbed. The enhancer element that we identified represents the first insight into DNA sequences controlling Gpihbp1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Norma P Sandoval
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachel S Jung
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jazmin E Morales
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123
| | - Ty D Troutman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Darren A Cusanovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
| | - Loren G Fong
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
| | - Stephen G Young
- Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
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Baldassano S, Gasbjerg LS, Kizilkaya HS, Rosenkilde MM, Holst JJ, Hartmann B. Increased Body Weight and Fat Mass After Subchronic GIP Receptor Antagonist, but Not GLP-2 Receptor Antagonist, Administration in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:492. [PMID: 31447774 PMCID: PMC6691063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are hormones secreted from the enteroendocrine cells after a meal. They exert their actions through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (R), the GIPR and GLP-2R, respectively. Both have been reported to influence metabolism. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the hormones in the regulation of lipid and bone homeostasis by subchronic treatment with novel GIPR and GLP-2R antagonists. Rats were injected once daily with vehicle, GIPR, or GLP-2R antagonists for 3 weeks. Body weight, food intake, body composition, plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipokines, triglycerides and the marker of bone resorption carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), were examined. In rats, subchronic treatment with GIPR antagonist, rat GIP (3-30)NH2, did not modify food intake and bone resorption, but significantly increased body weight, body fat mass, triglycerides, LPL, and leptin levels compared with vehicle treated rats. Subchronic (Pro3)GIP (a partial GIPR agonist), GLP-2(11-33), and GLP-2(3-33) (GLP-2R antagonists) treatment did not affect any parameter. The present results would be consistent with a role for GIP, but not GLP-2, in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in rats, while neither GIPR nor GLP-2R antagonism appeared to influence bone resorption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldassano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Bolette Hartmann
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Liu C, Han T, Stachura DL, Wang H, Vaisman BL, Kim J, Klemke RL, Remaley AT, Rana TM, Traver D, Miller YI. Lipoprotein lipase regulates hematopoietic stem progenitor cell maintenance through DHA supply. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1310. [PMID: 29615667 PMCID: PMC5882990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediates hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) to supply free fatty acids (FFAs) to tissues. Here, we show that LPL activity is also required for hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance. Knockout of Lpl or its obligatory cofactor Apoc2 results in significantly reduced HSPC expansion during definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. A human APOC2 mimetic peptide or the human very low-density lipoprotein, which carries APOC2, rescues the phenotype in apoc2 but not in lpl mutant zebrafish. Creating parabiotic apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish rescues the hematopoietic defect in both. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is identified as an important factor in HSPC expansion. FFA-DHA, but not TG-DHA, rescues the HSPC defects in apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish. Reduced blood cell counts are also observed in Apoc2 mutant mice at the time of weaning. These results indicate that LPL-mediated release of the essential fatty acid DHA regulates HSPC expansion and definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tianxu Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Boris L Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 31 Center St, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard L Klemke
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 31 Center St, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Chen Q, Niu L, Hua C, Geng Y, Cai L, Tao S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Chronic dexamethasone exposure markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride accumulation in growing goats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:115-121. [PMID: 29155266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress seriously threatens welfare and health in animals and humans. Consecutive dexamethasone (Dex) injection was used to mimic chronic stress previously. In order to investigate the effect of chronic stress on hepatic lipids metabolism, in this study, 10 healthy male goats were randomly allocated into two groups, one received a consecutive injection of Dex via intramuscularly for 3 weeks (Dex group), the other received the same volume of saline as the control group (Con group). Hepatic health and triglyceride (TG) metabolism were analyzed and compared between two groups. The data showed that a significant decrease of TG in plasma and the liver was significantly decreased by Dex (P < .05), while the hepatic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was increased compared to the Con group (P < .05). Consistent with the decrease of TG level, the activity of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) enzymes activities were significantly enhanced by Dex. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) and acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 (ACSBG1) genes in liver was significantly up-regulated by chronic Dex injection (P < .05), whereas perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA expression was significantly decreased by Dex (P < .05). In addition, no obvious damages were observed in the liver in both Con and Dex groups demonstrating by the sirius red staining, HE staining as well as several biochemical parameters related to the functional status of hepatocytes. Our data indicate that chronic Dex exposure decreases TG levels in the circulation and the liver through activating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis without causing hepatic damages in the growing goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liqiong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Abstract
Adipose morphology is defined as the number and size distribution of adipocytes (fat cells) within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue with fewer but larger adipocytes is said to have a 'hypertrophic' morphology, whereas adipose with many adipocytes of a smaller size is said to have a 'hyperplastic' morphology. Hypertrophic adipose morphology is positively associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, hyperplastic morphology is associated with improved metabolic parameters. These phenotypic associations suggest that adipose morphology influences risk of cardiometabolic disease. Intriguingly, monozygotic twin studies have determined that adipose morphology is in part determined genetically. Therefore, identifying the genetic regulation of adipose morphology may help us to predict, prevent and ameliorate insulin resistance and associated metabolic diseases. Here, we review the current literature regarding adipose morphology in relation to: (1) metabolic and medical implications; (2) the methods used to assess adipose morphology; and (3) transcriptional differences between morphologies. We further highlight three mechanisms that have been hypothesized to promote adipocyte hypertrophy and thus to regulate adipose morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panna Tandon
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca Wafer
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - James E N Minchin
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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45
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Agopiantz M, Xandre-Rodriguez L, Jin B, Urbistondoy G, Ialy-Radio C, Chalbi M, Wolf JP, Ziyyat A, Lefèvre B. Growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1), two mouse oocyte glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are involved in fertilisation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:824-837. [PMID: 28442042 DOI: 10.1071/rd15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Juno, the oocyte receptor for Izumo1, a male immunoglobulin, was discovered. Juno is an essential glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GIP)-anchored protein. This result did not exclude the participation of other GIP-anchored proteins in this process. After bibliographic and database searches we selected five GIP-anchored proteins (Cpm, Ephrin-A4, Gas1, Gfra1 and Rgmb) as potential oocyte candidates participating in fertilisation. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that only three were present on the mouse ovulated oocyte membrane and, of these, only two were clearly involved in the fertilisation process, namely growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1). This was demonstrated by evaluating oocyte fertilisability after treatment of oocytes with antibodies against the selected proteins, with their respective short interference RNA or both. Gfrα1 and Gas1 seem to be neither redundant nor synergistic. In conclusion, oocyte Gas1 and Gfrα1 are both clearly involved in fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agopiantz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - L Xandre-Rodriguez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Jin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - G Urbistondoy
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - C Ialy-Radio
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - M Chalbi
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J-P Wolf
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, F75014 Paris, France
| | - A Ziyyat
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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Gadek KE, Wang H, Hall MN, Sungello M, Libby A, MacLaskey D, Eckel RH, Olwin BB. Striated muscle gene therapy for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190963. [PMID: 29304082 PMCID: PMC5755938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive circulating triglycerides due to reduction or loss of lipoprotein lipase activity contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk for pancreatitis. The only gene therapy treatment for lipoprotein lipase deficiency decreases pancreatitis but minimally reduces hypertriglyceridemia. Synthesized in multiple tissues including striated muscle and adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase is trafficked to blood vessel endothelial cells where it is anchored at the plasma membrane and hydrolyzes triglycerides into free fatty acids. We conditionally knocked out lipoprotein lipase in differentiated striated muscle tissue lowering striated muscle lipoprotein lipase activity causing hypertriglyceridemia. We then crossed lipoprotein lipase striated muscle knockout mice with mice possessing a conditional avian retroviral receptor gene and injected mice with either a human lipoprotein lipase retrovirus or an mCherry control retrovirus. Post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity increased for three weeks following human lipoprotein lipase retroviral infection compared to mCherry infected mice. Human lipoprotein lipase infected mice had significantly lower blood triglycerides compared to mCherry controls and were comparable to wild-type blood triglyceride levels. Thus, targeted delivery of human lipoprotein lipase into striated muscle tissue identifies a potential therapeutic target for lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Gadek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado United States of America
| | - Monica N. Hall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado United States of America
| | - Mitchell Sungello
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado United States of America
| | - Andrew Libby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado United States of America
| | - Drew MacLaskey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado United States of America
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado United States of America
- * E-mail: (BBO); (RHE)
| | - Bradley B. Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado United States of America
- * E-mail: (BBO); (RHE)
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Ghoor S, Berlyn P, Brey N. Exchange transfusions for extreme hypertriglyceridemia in a 7-week-old infant with multi-organ failure. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 12:243-245. [PMID: 29174071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe hypertriglyceridemia is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis and is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In infants, the most common cause of severe hypertriglyceridemia is lipoprotein lipase deficiency. We describe a 7-week-old infant with severe hypertriglyceridemia, who presented with frequent gastrointestinal bleeding, respiratory distress, a decreased level of consciousness and lipemia retinalis. Triglycerides were reduced from 734 to 2 mmol/L (64,956-177 mg/dL), by exchange transfusions. The infant made a remarkable recovery with no sequelae. This case highlights atypical, protean presentations and a potential treatment when established therapies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghoor
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Naeem Brey
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Chénard T, Guénard F, Vohl MC, Carpentier A, Tchernof A, Najmanovich RJ. Remodeling adipose tissue through in silico modulation of fat storage for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:60. [PMID: 28606124 PMCID: PMC5468946 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading non-infectious diseases worldwide and closely relates to excess adipose tissue accumulation as seen in obesity. Specifically, hypertrophic expansion of adipose tissues is related to increased cardiometabolic risk leading to type 2 diabetes. Studying mechanisms underlying adipocyte hypertrophy could lead to the identification of potential targets for the treatment of these conditions. RESULTS We present iTC1390adip, a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipocyte presenting various improvements over the previously published iAdipocytes1809. iTC1390adip contains 1390 genes, 4519 reactions and 3664 metabolites. We validated the network obtaining 92.6% accuracy by comparing experimental gene essentiality in various cell lines to our predictions of biomass production. Using flux balance analysis under various test conditions, we predict the effect of gene deletion on both lipid droplet and biomass production, resulting in the identification of 27 genes that could reduce adipocyte hypertrophy. We also used expression data from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues to compare the effect of single gene deletions between adipocytes from each compartment. CONCLUSIONS We generated a highly curated metabolic network of the human adipose tissue and used it to identify potential targets for adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction leading to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chénard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael J Najmanovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kanaki M, Tiniakou I, Thymiakou E, Kardassis D. Physical and functional interactions between nuclear receptor LXRα and the forkhead box transcription factor FOXA2 regulate the response of the human lipoprotein lipase gene to oxysterols in hepatic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:848-860. [PMID: 28576574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as VLDL and chylomicrons in the circulation. Mutations in LPL or its activator apolipoprotein C-II cause hypertriglyceridemia in humans and animal models. The levels of LPL in the liver are low but they can be strongly induced by a high cholesterol diet or by synthetic ligands of Liver X Receptors (LXRs). However, the mechanism by which LXRs activate the human LPL gene is unknown. In the present study we show that LXR agonists increased the mRNA and protein levels as well as the promoter activity of human LPL in HepG2 cells. A promoter deletion analysis defined the proximal -109/-28 region, which contains a functional FOXA2 element, as essential for transactivation by ligand-activated LXRα/RXRα heterodimers. Silencing of endogenous FOXA2 in HepG2 cells by siRNAs or by treatment with insulin compromised the induction of the LPL gene by LXR agonists whereas mutations in the FOXA2 site abolished the synergistic transactivation of the LPL promoter by LXRα/RXRα and FOXA2. Physical and functional interactions between LXRα and FOXA2 were established in vitro and ex vivo. In summary, the present study revealed a novel mechanism of human LPL gene induction by oxysterols in the liver with is based on physical and functional interactions between transcription factors LXRα and FOXA2. This mechanism, which may not be restricted to the LPL gene, is critically important for a better understanding of the regulation of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in the liver under healthy or pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kanaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tiniakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Efstathia Thymiakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece,.
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Hodges JK, Tan L, Green MH, Ross AC. Vitamin A supplementation redirects the flow of retinyl esters from peripheral to central organs of neonatal rats raised under vitamin A-marginal conditions. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1110-1121. [PMID: 28298391 PMCID: PMC5402035 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.149039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin A (VA; retinol) supplementation is used to reduce child mortality in countries with high rates of malnutrition. Existing research suggests that neonates (<1 mo old) may have a limited capacity to store VA in organs other than the liver; however, knowledge about VA distribution and kinetics in individual, nonhepatic organs is limited.Objective: We examined retinol uptake and turnover in nonhepatic organs, including skin, brain, and adipose tissue, in neonatal rats without and after VA supplementation.Design: Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats (n = 104) were nursed by mothers fed a VA-marginal diet (0.35 mg retinol/kg diet) and treated on postnatal day 4 with an oral dose of either VA (6 μg retinyl palmitate/g body weight) or canola oil (control), both containing 1.8 μCi of [3H]retinol. Subsequently, pups (n = 4 · group-1 · time-1) were killed at 13 different times from 30 min to 24 d after dosing. The fractional and absolute transfer of chylomicron retinyl esters (CM-REs), retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP-ROH), and total retinol were estimated in WinSAAM software.Results: VA supplementation redirected the flow of CM-REs from peripheral to central organs and accumulated mainly in the liver. The RBP-ROH released from the liver was acquired mainly by the peripheral tissues but not retained efficiently, causing repeated recycling of retinol between plasma and tissues (541 compared with 5 times in the supplemented group and control group, respectively) and its rapid turnover in all organs, except the brain and white adipose tissue. Retinol stores in the liver lasted for ∼2 wk before being gradually transferred to other organs.Conclusions: VA supplementation administered in a single high dose during the first month after birth is readily acquired but not retained efficiently in peripheral tissues of neonatal rats, suggesting that a more frequent, lower-dose supplementation may be necessary to maintain steady VA concentrations in rapidly developing neonatal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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