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Martin CC, Oeser JK, Wangmo T, Flemming BP, Attie AD, Keller MP, O’Brien RM. Multiple promoter and enhancer differences likely contribute to augmented G6PC2 expression in human versus mouse pancreatic islet alpha cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2024; 73:e240051. [PMID: 39121091 PMCID: PMC11439184 DOI: 10.1530/jme-24-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
G6PC2 encodes a glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit that opposes the action of glucokinase in pancreatic islets, thereby modulating the sensitivity of insulin and glucagon secretion to glucose. In mice, G6pc2 is expressed at ~20-fold higher levels in β-cells than in α-cells, whereas in humans G6PC2 is expressed at only ~5-fold higher levels in β-cells. We therefore hypothesize that G6PC2 likely influences glucagon secretion to a greater degree in humans. With a view to generating a humanized mouse that recapitulates augmented G6PC2 expression levels in α-cells, we sought to identify the genomic regions that confer differential mouse G6pc2 expression in α-cells versus β-cells as well as the evolutionary changes that have altered this ratio in humans. Studies in islet-derived cell lines suggest that the elevated G6pc2 expression in mouse β-cells versus α-cells is mainly due to a difference in the relative activity of the proximal G6pc2 promoter in these cell types. Similarly, the smaller difference in G6PC2 expression between α-cells and β-cells in humans is potentially explained by a change in relative proximal G6PC2 promoter activity. However, we show that both glucocorticoid levels and multiple differences in the relative activity of eight transcriptional enhancers between mice and humans likely contribute to differential G6PC2 expression. Finally, we show that a mouse-specific non-coding RNA, Gm13613, whose expression is controlled by G6pc2 enhancer I, does not regulate G6pc2 expression, indicating that altered expression of Gm13613 in a humanized mouse that contains both the human promoter and enhancers should not affect G6PC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus C. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Brian P. Flemming
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Hawes E, Claxton D, Oeser J, O’Brien R. Identification of structural motifs critical for human G6PC2 function informed by sequence analysis and an AlphaFold2-predicted model. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231851. [PMID: 38095063 PMCID: PMC10776900 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
G6PC2 encodes a glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit, primarily expressed in pancreatic islet β cells, which modulates the sensitivity of insulin secretion to glucose and thereby regulates fasting blood glucose (FBG). Mutational analyses were conducted to validate an AlphaFold2 (AF2)-predicted structure of human G6PC2 in conjunction with a novel method to solubilize and purify human G6PC2 from a heterologous expression system. These analyses show that residues forming a predicted intramolecular disulfide bond are essential for G6PC2 expression and that residues forming part of a type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP2) motif are critical for enzyme activity. Additional mutagenesis shows that residues forming a predicted substrate cavity modulate enzyme activity and substrate specificity and residues forming a putative cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif influence protein expression or enzyme activity. This CRAC motif begins at residue 219, the site of a common G6PC2 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs492594 (Val219Leu), though the functional impact of this SNP is disputed. In microsomal membrane preparations, the L219 variant has greater activity than the V219 variant, but this difference disappears when G6PC2 is purified in detergent micelles. We hypothesize that this was due to a differential association of the two variants with cholesterol. This concept was supported by the observation that the addition of cholesteryl hemi-succinate to the purified enzymes decreased the Vmax of the V219 and L219 variants ∼8-fold and ∼3 fold, respectively. We anticipate that these observations should support the rational development of G6PC2 inhibitors designed to lower FBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Hawes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - Derek P. Claxton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
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Keller MP, Hawes EM, Schueler KL, Stapleton DS, Mitok KA, Simonett SP, Oeser JK, Sampson LL, Attie AD, Magnuson MA, O’Brien RM. An Enhancer Within Abcb11 Regulates G6pc2 in C57BL/6 Mouse Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2023; 72:1621-1628. [PMID: 37552875 PMCID: PMC10588275 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
G6PC2 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic islet β-cells where it encodes a glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit that modulates the sensitivity of insulin secretion to glucose by opposing the action of glucokinase, thereby regulating fasting blood glucose (FBG). Prior studies have shown that the G6pc2 promoter alone is unable to confer sustained islet-specific gene expression in mice, suggesting the existence of distal enhancers that regulate G6pc2 expression. Using information from both mice and humans and knowledge that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both within and near G6PC2 are associated with variations in FBG in humans, we identified several putative enhancers 3' of G6pc2. One region, herein referred to as enhancer I, resides in the 25th intron of Abcb11 and binds multiple islet-enriched transcription factors. CRISPR-mediated deletion of enhancer I in C57BL/6 mice had selective effects on the expression of genes near the G6pc2 locus. In isolated islets, G6pc2 and Spc25 expression were reduced ∼50%, and Gm13613 expression was abolished, whereas Cers6 and nostrin expression were unaffected. This partial reduction in G6pc2 expression enhanced islet insulin secretion at basal glucose concentrations but did not affect FBG or glucose tolerance in vivo, consistent with the absence of a phenotype in G6pc2 heterozygous C57BL/6 mice. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emily M. Hawes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Kelly A. Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Leesa L. Sampson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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4
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Willems SM, Ng NHJ, Fernandez J, Fine RS, Wheeler E, Wessel J, Kitajima H, Marenne G, Sim X, Yaghootkar H, Wang S, Chen S, Chen Y, Chen YDI, Grarup N, Li-Gao R, Varga TV, Asimit JL, Feng S, Strawbridge RJ, Kleinbrink EL, Ahluwalia TS, An P, Appel EV, Arking DE, Auvinen J, Bielak LF, Bihlmeyer NA, Bork-Jensen J, Brody JA, Campbell A, Chu AY, Davies G, Demirkan A, Floyd JS, Giulianini F, Guo X, Gustafsson S, Jackson AU, Jakobsdottir J, Järvelin MR, Jensen RA, Kanoni S, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Li M, Lu Y, Luan J, Manning AK, Marten J, Meidtner K, Mook-Kanamori DO, Muka T, Pistis G, Prins B, Rice KM, Sanna S, Smith AV, Smith JA, Southam L, Stringham HM, Tragante V, van der Laan SW, Warren HR, Yao J, Yiorkas AM, Zhang W, Zhao W, Graff M, Highland HM, Justice AE, Marouli E, Medina-Gomez C, Afaq S, Alhejily WA, Amin N, Asselbergs FW, Bonnycastle LL, Bots ML, Brandslund I, Chen J, Danesh J, de Mutsert R, Dehghan A, Ebeling T, Elliott P, Farmaki AE, Faul JD, Franks PW, Franks S, Fritsche A, Gjesing AP, Goodarzi MO, Gudnason V, Hallmans G, Harris TB, Herzig KH, Hivert MF, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Jousilahti P, Kajantie E, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Kinnunen L, Koistinen HA, Komulainen P, Kovacs P, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lange LA, Launer LJ, Leong A, Lindström J, Manning Fox JE, Männistö S, Maruthur NM, Moilanen L, Mulas A, Nalls MA, Neville M, Pankow JS, Pattie A, Petersen ERB, Puolijoki H, Rasheed A, Redmond P, Renström F, Roden M, Saleheen D, Saltevo J, Savonen K, Sebert S, Skaaby T, Small KS, Stančáková A, Stokholm J, Strauch K, Tai ES, Taylor KD, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tsafantakis E, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Vääräsmäki M, Vaartjes I, Zoledziewska M, Abecasis G, Balkau B, Bisgaard H, Blakemore AI, Blüher M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Bønnelykke K, Bottinger EP, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Cheng CY, Collins FS, Coresh J, Cucca F, de Borst GJ, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Deloukas P, den Ruijter HM, Dupuis J, Evans MK, Ferrannini E, Franco OH, Grallert H, Hansen T, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Hirschhorn JN, Ikram A, Ingelsson E, Karpe F, Kaw KT, Kiess W, Kooner JS, Körner A, Lakka T, Langenberg C, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Lipovich L, Liu CT, Liu J, Liu Y, Loos RJF, MacDonald PE, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Munroe PB, Murray A, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen O, Peyser PA, Polasek O, Porteous D, Province MA, Psaty BM, Rauramaa R, Ridker PM, Rolandsson O, Rorsman P, Rosendaal FR, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Schulze MB, Sladek R, Smith BH, Spector TD, Starr JM, Stumvoll M, van Duijn CM, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Wilson JG, Wong TY, Zeggini E, Zonderman AB, Rotter JI, Morris AP, Boehnke M, Florez JC, McCarthy MI, Meigs JB, Mahajan A, Scott RA, Gloyn AL, Barroso I. Large-scale exome array summary statistics resources for glycemic traits to aid effector gene prioritization. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:483. [PMID: 39280063 PMCID: PMC11399760 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18754.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies for glycemic traits have identified hundreds of loci associated with these biomarkers of glucose homeostasis. Despite this success, the challenge remains to link variant associations to genes, and underlying biological pathways. Methods To identify coding variant associations which may pinpoint effector genes at both novel and previously established genome-wide association loci, we performed meta-analyses of exome-array studies for four glycemic traits: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, up to 144,060 participants), fasting glucose (FG, up to 129,665 participants), fasting insulin (FI, up to 104,140) and 2hr glucose post-oral glucose challenge (2hGlu, up to 57,878). In addition, we performed network and pathway analyses. Results Single-variant and gene-based association analyses identified coding variant associations at more than 60 genes, which when combined with other datasets may be useful to nominate effector genes. Network and pathway analyses identified pathways related to insulin secretion, zinc transport and fatty acid metabolism. HbA1c associations were strongly enriched in pathways related to blood cell biology. Conclusions Our results provided novel glycemic trait associations and highlighted pathways implicated in glycemic regulation. Exome-array summary statistic results are being made available to the scientific community to enable further discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- General Medicine Center, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Natasha H J Ng
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Juan Fernandez
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rebecca S Fine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Current address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jennifer Wessel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Medicine, Schools of Public Health & Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Diabetes Translational Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Kitajima
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gaelle Marenne
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L Asimit
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Erica L Kleinbrink
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-1928, USA
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Emil V Appel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC and Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Man Li
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bram Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Andrianos M Yiorkas
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston;, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Saima Afaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Wesam A Alhejily
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, 7100, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB18RN, UK
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-572, Poland
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, 9100, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Pirjo Komulainen
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Antonella Mulas
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
| | - Matthew Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, 7100, Denmark
| | - Hannu Puolijoki
- South Ostobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, 60220, Finland
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, 40620, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70029, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Welfare, Children, Adolescents and Families Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Kaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antje Körner
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Lakka
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70029, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology; EpiHealth, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-1928, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alison Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF, UK
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael A Province
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 85, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Xue D, Narisu N, Taylor DL, Zhang M, Grenko C, Taylor HJ, Yan T, Tang X, Sinha N, Zhu J, Vandana JJ, Chong ACN, Lee A, Mansell EC, Swift AJ, Erdos MR, Zhou T, Bonnycastle LL, Zhong A, Chen S, Collins FS. Functional interrogation of twenty type 2 diabetes-associated genes using isogenic hESC-derived β-like cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539774. [PMID: 37214922 PMCID: PMC10197532 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified numerous loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the functional role of many loci has remained unexplored. In this study, we engineered isogenic knockout human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines for 20 genes associated with T2D risk. We systematically examined β-cell differentiation, insulin production and secretion, and survival. We performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq on hESC-β cells from each knockout line. Analyses of T2D GWAS signals overlapping with HNF4A-dependent ATAC peaks identified a specific SNP as a likely causal variant. In addition, we performed integrative association analyses and identified four genes ( CP, RNASE1, PCSK1N and GSTA2 ) associated with insulin production, and two genes ( TAGLN3 and DHRS2 ) associated with sensitivity to lipotoxicity. Finally, we leveraged deep ATAC-seq read coverage to assess allele-specific imbalance at variants heterozygous in the parental hESC line, to identify a single likely functional variant at each of 23 T2D GWAS signals.
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Sánchez-Maldonado JM, Collado R, Cabrera-Serrano AJ, Ter Horst R, Gálvez-Montosa F, Robles-Fernández I, Arenas-Rodríguez V, Cano-Gutiérrez B, Bakker O, Bravo-Fernández MI, García-Verdejo FJ, López JAL, Olivares-Ruiz J, López-Nevot MÁ, Fernández-Puerta L, Cózar-Olmo JM, Li Y, Netea MG, Jurado M, Lorente JA, Sánchez-Rovira P, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Sainz J. Type 2 Diabetes-Related Variants Influence the Risk of Developing Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102376. [PMID: 35625981 PMCID: PMC9139180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated whether 57 genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-identified common variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) influence the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) in a population of 304 Caucasian PCa patients and 686 controls. The association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of PCa was validated through meta-analysis of our data with those from the UKBiobank and FinnGen cohorts, but also previously published genetic studies. We also evaluated whether T2D SNPs associated with PCa risk could influence host immune responses by analysing their correlation with absolute numbers of 91 blood-derived cell populations and circulating levels of 103 immunological proteins and 7 steroid hormones. We also investigated the correlation of the most interesting SNPs with cytokine levels after in vitro stimulation of whole blood, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages with LPS, PHA, Pam3Cys, and Staphylococcus Aureus. The meta-analysis of our data with those from six large cohorts confirmed that each copy of the FTOrs9939609A, HNF1Brs7501939T, HNF1Brs757210T, HNF1Brs4430796G, and JAZF1rs10486567A alleles significantly decreased risk of developing PCa (p = 3.70 × 10-5, p = 9.39 × 10-54, p = 5.04 × 10-54, p = 1.19 × 10-71, and p = 1.66 × 10-18, respectively). Although it was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing, we also found that the NOTCH2rs10923931T and RBMS1rs7593730 SNPs associated with the risk of developing PCa (p = 8.49 × 10-4 and 0.004). Interestingly, we found that the protective effect attributed to the HFN1B locus could be mediated by the SULT1A1 protein (p = 0.00030), an arylsulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. In addition to these results, eQTL analysis revealed that the HNF1Brs7501939, HNF1Brs757210, HNF1Brs4430796, NOTCH2rs10923931, and RBMS1rs7593730 SNPs influence the risk of PCa through the modulation of mRNA levels of their respective genes in whole blood and/or liver. These results confirm that functional TD2-related variants influence the risk of developing PCa, but also highlight the need of additional experiments to validate our functional results in a tumoral tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Sánchez-Maldonado
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanataria IBs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Collado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de San Pedro Alcántara, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.C.); (M.I.B.-F.); (J.O.-R.)
| | - Antonio José Cabrera-Serrano
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanataria IBs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Fernando Gálvez-Montosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-V.); (J.A.L.L.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Inmaculada Robles-Fernández
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
| | - Verónica Arenas-Rodríguez
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Blanca Cano-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Olivier Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Francisco José García-Verdejo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-V.); (J.A.L.L.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - José Antonio López López
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-V.); (J.A.L.L.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Jesús Olivares-Ruiz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de San Pedro Alcántara, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (R.C.); (M.I.B.-F.); (J.O.-R.)
| | | | | | | | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.G.N.)
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.T.H.); (Y.L.); (M.G.N.)
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Jurado
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanataria IBs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Rovira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.J.G.-V.); (J.A.L.L.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.S.-M.); (A.J.C.-S.); (I.R.-F.); (V.A.-R.); (M.J.); (J.A.L.); (M.J.Á.-C.)
- Hematology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanataria IBs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-95871-5500 (ext. 126); Fax: +34-9-5863-7071
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Chung RH, Chiu YF, Wang WC, Hwu CM, Hung YJ, Lee IT, Chuang LM, Quertermous T, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Chang IS, Hsiung CA. Multi-omics analysis identifies CpGs near G6PC2 mediating the effects of genetic variants on fasting glucose. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1613-1625. [PMID: 33842983 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS An elevated fasting glucose level in non-diabetic individuals is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of SNPs for fasting glucose but most of their functional roles in influencing the trait are unclear. This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of DNA methylation between SNPs identified as significant from GWAS and fasting glucose using Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. METHODS We first performed GWAS analyses for three cohorts (Taiwan Biobank with 18,122 individuals, the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan with 1989 individuals and the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance with 416 individuals) with individuals of Han Chinese ancestry in Taiwan, followed by a meta-analysis for combining the three GWAS analysis results to identify significant and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. We determined whether these SNPs were methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) by testing their associations with DNA methylation levels at nearby CpG sites using a subsample of 1775 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank. The MR analysis was performed to identify DNA methylation with causal effects on fasting glucose using meQTLs as instrumental variables based on the 1775 individuals. We also used a two-sample MR strategy to perform replication analysis for CpG sites with significant MR effects based on literature data. RESULTS Our meta-analysis identified 18 significant (p < 5 × 10-8) and independent SNPs for fasting glucose. Interestingly, all 18 SNPs were meQTLs. The MR analysis identified seven CpGs near the G6PC2 gene that mediated the effects of a significant SNP (rs2232326) in the gene on fasting glucose. The MR effects for two CpGs were replicated using summary data based on the European population, using an exonic SNP rs2232328 in G6PC2 as the instrument. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our analysis results suggest that rs2232326 and rs2232328 in G6PC2 may affect DNA methylation at CpGs near the gene and that the methylation may have downstream effects on fasting glucose. Therefore, SNPs in G6PC2 and CpGs near G6PC2 may reside along the pathway that influences fasting glucose levels. This is the first study to report CpGs near G6PC2, an important gene for regulating insulin secretion, mediating the effects of GWAS-significant SNPs on fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, Collage of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, the Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, the Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Park JM, Park DH, Song Y, Kim JO, Choi JE, Kwon YJ, Kim SJ, Lee JW, Hong KW. Understanding the genetic architecture of the metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese phenotypes in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2279. [PMID: 33500527 PMCID: PMC7838176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes is important for developing strategies to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify the MUHNW and MHO genetic indices. The study dataset comprised genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and epidemiological data from 49,915 subjects categorised into four phenotypes-metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), MUHNW, MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). We conducted two GWASs using logistic regression analyses and adjustments for confounding variables (model 1: MHNW versus MUHNW and model 2: MHO versus MUHO). GCKR, ABCB11, CDKAL1, LPL, CDKN2B, NT5C2, APOA5, CETP, and APOC1 were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among normal weight individuals (model 1). LPL, APOA5, and CETP were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among obese individuals (model 2). The genes common to both models are related to lipid metabolism (LPL, APOA5, and CETP), and those associated with model 1 are related to insulin or glucose metabolism (GCKR, CDKAL1, and CDKN2B). This study reveals the genetic architecture of the MUHNW and MHO phenotypes in a Korean population-based cohort. These findings could help identify individuals at a high metabolic risk in normal weight and obese populations and provide potential novel targets for the management of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju‐ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Park
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Youhyun Song
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju‐ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16995 Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju‐ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Korea
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Bosma KJ, Rahim M, Oeser JK, McGuinness OP, Young JD, O'Brien RM. G6PC2 confers protection against hypoglycemia upon ketogenic diet feeding and prolonged fasting. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101043. [PMID: 32569842 PMCID: PMC7369601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective G6PC2 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic islet beta cells. G6PC2 hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose and inorganic phosphate, thereby creating a futile substrate cycle that opposes the action of glucokinase. This substrate cycle determines the sensitivity of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to glucose and hence regulates fasting blood glucose (FBG) but not fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels. Our objective was to explore the physiological benefit this cycle confers. Methods We investigated the response of wild type (WT) and G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice to changes in nutrition. Results Pancreatic G6pc2 expression was little changed by ketogenic diet feeding but was inhibited by 24 hr fasting and strongly induced by high fat feeding. When challenged with either a ketogenic diet or 24 hr fasting, blood glucose fell to 70 mg/dl or less in G6pc2 KO but not WT mice, suggesting that G6PC2 may have evolved, in part, to prevent hypoglycemia. Prolonged ketogenic diet feeding reduced the effect of G6pc2 deletion on FBG. The hyperglycemia associated with high fat feeding was partially blunted in G6pc2 KO mice, suggesting that under these conditions the presence of G6PC2 is detrimental. As expected, FPI changed but did not differ between WT and KO mice in response to fasting, ketogenic and high fat feeding. Conclusions Since elevated FBG levels are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular-associated mortality (CAM), these studies suggest that, while G6PC2 inhibitors would be useful for lowering FBG and the risk of CAM, partial inhibition will be important to avoid the risk of hypoglycemia. G6pc2 deletion lowers fasting blood glucose (FBG) in chow and high fat fed mice. Elevated FBG increases the risk of cardiovascular-associated mortality (CAM). G6pc2 deletion results in hypoglycemia in mice on a ketogenic diet. G6pc2 deletion results in hypoglycemia in mice following prolonged fasting. G6PC2 inhibitors may prevent CAM but increase risk of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J Bosma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James K Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Bosma KJ, Rahim M, Singh K, Goleva SB, Wall ML, Xia J, Syring KE, Oeser JK, Poffenberger G, McGuinness OP, Means AL, Powers AC, Li WH, Davis LK, Young JD, O’Brien RM. Pancreatic islet beta cell-specific deletion of G6pc2 reduces fasting blood glucose. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 64:235-248. [PMID: 32213654 PMCID: PMC7331801 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The G6PC1, G6PC2 and G6PC3 genes encode distinct glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) isoforms. In mice, germline deletion of G6pc2 lowers fasting blood glucose (FBG) without affecting fasting plasma insulin (FPI) while, in isolated islets, glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glucose cycling are abolished and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is enhanced at submaximal but not high glucose. These observations are all consistent with a model in which G6PC2 regulates the sensitivity of GSIS to glucose by opposing the action of glucokinase. G6PC2 is highly expressed in human and mouse islet beta cells however, various studies have shown trace G6PC2 expression in multiple tissues raising the possibility that G6PC2 also affects FBG through non-islet cell actions. Using real-time PCR we show here that expression of G6pc1 and/or G6pc3 are much greater than G6pc2 in peripheral tissues, whereas G6pc2 expression is much higher than G6pc3 in both pancreas and islets with G6pc1 expression not detected. In adult mice, beta cell-specific deletion of G6pc2 was sufficient to reduce FBG without changing FPI. In addition, electronic health record-derived phenotype analyses showed no association between G6PC2 expression and phenotypes clearly unrelated to islet function in humans. Finally, we show that germline G6pc2 deletion enhances glycolysis in mouse islets and that glucose cycling can also be detected in human islets. These observations are all consistent with a mechanism by which G6PC2 action in islets is sufficient to regulate the sensitivity of GSIS to glucose and hence influence FBG without affecting FPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Bosma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kritika Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Slavina B. Goleva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Martha L. Wall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jing Xia
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039
| | - Kristen E. Syring
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Owen P. McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anna L. Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Wen-hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, 8415 MRB IV, 2213 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615,
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Halachev M, Meynert A, Taylor MS, Vitart V, Kerr SM, Klaric L, Aitman TJ, Haley CS, Prendergast JG, Pugh C, Hume DA, Harris SE, Liewald DC, Deary IJ, Semple CA, Wilson JF. Increased ultra-rare variant load in an isolated Scottish population impacts exonic and regulatory regions. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008480. [PMID: 31765389 PMCID: PMC6901239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human population isolates provide a snapshot of the impact of historical demographic processes on population genetics. Such data facilitate studies of the functional impact of rare sequence variants on biomedical phenotypes, as strong genetic drift can result in higher frequencies of variants that are otherwise rare. We present the first whole genome sequencing (WGS) study of the VIKING cohort, a representative collection of samples from the isolated Shetland population in northern Scotland, and explore how its genetic characteristics compare to a mainland Scottish population. Our analyses reveal the strong contributions played by the founder effect and genetic drift in shaping genomic variation in the VIKING cohort. About one tenth of all high-quality variants discovered are unique to the VIKING cohort or are seen at frequencies at least ten fold higher than in more cosmopolitan control populations. Multiple lines of evidence also suggest relaxation of purifying selection during the evolutionary history of the Shetland isolate. We demonstrate enrichment of ultra-rare VIKING variants in exonic regions and for the first time we also show that ultra-rare variants are enriched within regulatory regions, particularly promoters, suggesting that gene expression patterns may diverge relatively rapidly in human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Halachev
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S. Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shona M. Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris S. Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Carys Pugh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Sanghera DK, Bejar C, Sharma S, Gupta R, Blackett PR. Obesity genetics and cardiometabolic health: Potential for risk prediction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1088-1100. [PMID: 30667137 PMCID: PMC6530772 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity worldwide and its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an opportunity for evaluation of preventive approaches. Both obesity and CVD have a genetic background and polymorphisms within genes which enhance expression of variant proteins that influence CVD in obesity. Genome-based prediction may therefore be a feasible strategy, but the identification of genetically driven risk factors for CVD manifesting as clinically recognized phenotypes is a major challenge. Clusters of such risk factors include hyperglycaemia, hypertension, ectopic liver fat, and inflammation. All involve multiple genetic pathways having complex interactions with variable environmental influences. The factors that make significant contributions to CVD risk include altered carbohydrate homeostasis, ectopic deposition of fat in muscle and liver, and inflammation, with contributions from the gut microbiome. A futuristic model depends on harnessing the predictive power of plausible genetic variants, phenotype reversibility, and effective therapeutic choices based on genotype-phenotype interactions. Inverting disease phenotypes into ideal cardiovascular health metrics could improve genetic and epigenetic assessment, and form the basis of a future model for risk detection and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Academic Research Development Unit, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Piers R. Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
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13
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Barroso I, McCarthy MI. The Genetic Basis of Metabolic Disease. Cell 2019; 177:146-161. [PMID: 30901536 PMCID: PMC6432945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in genetics and genomics are providing a detailed and systematic characterization of the genetic underpinnings of common metabolic diseases and traits, highlighting the inherent complexity within systems for homeostatic control and the many ways in which that control can fail. The genetic architecture underlying these common metabolic phenotypes is complex, with each trait influenced by hundreds of loci spanning a range of allele frequencies and effect sizes. Here, we review the growing appreciation of this complexity and how this has fostered the implementation of genome-scale approaches that deliver robust mechanistic inference and unveil new strategies for translational exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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14
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Trinh I, Gluscencova OB, Boulianne GL. An in vivo screen for neuronal genes involved in obesity identifies Diacylglycerol kinase as a regulator of insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2018; 19:13-23. [PMID: 30389349 PMCID: PMC6323187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a complex disorder involving many genetic and environmental factors that are required to maintain energy homeostasis. While studies in human populations have led to significant progress in the generation of an obesity gene map and broadened our understanding of the genetic basis of common obesity, there is still a large portion of heritability and etiology that remains unknown. Here, we have used the genetically tractable fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to identify genes/pathways that function in the nervous system to regulate energy balance. Methods We performed an in vivo RNAi screen in Drosophila neurons and assayed for obese or lean phenotypes by measuring changes in levels of stored fats (in the form of triacylglycerides or TAG). Three rounds of screening were performed to verify the reproducibility and specificity of the adiposity phenotypes. Genes that produced >25% increase in TAG (206 in total) underwent a second round of screening to verify their effect on TAG levels by retesting the same RNAi line to validate the phenotype. All remaining hits were screened a third time by testing the TAG levels of additional RNAi lines against the genes of interest to rule out any off-target effects. Results We identified 24 genes including 20 genes that have not been previously associated with energy homeostasis. One identified hit, Diacylglycerol kinase (Dgk), has mammalian homologues that have been implicated in genome-wide association studies for metabolic defects. Downregulation of neuronal Dgk levels increases TAG and carbohydrate levels and these phenotypes can be recapitulated by reducing Dgk levels specifically within the insulin-producing cells that secrete Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs). Conversely, overexpression of kinase-dead Dgk, but not wild-type, decreased circulating dILP2 and dILP5 levels resulting in lower insulin signalling activity. Despite having higher circulating dILP levels, Dgk RNAi flies have decreased pathway activity suggesting that they are insulin-resistant. Conclusion Altogether, we have identified several genes that act within the CNS to regulate energy homeostasis. One of these, Dgk, acts within the insulin-producing cells to regulate the secretion of dILPs and energy homeostasis in Drosophila. RNAi screen in neurons identifies 24 regulators of energy homeostasis. One of the hits, Dgk, affects lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis. Dgk acts within the IPCs to regulate dILP secretion and insulin signalling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trinh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A6, Canada.
| | - Oxana B Gluscencova
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A6, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle L Boulianne
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A6, Canada.
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15
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Spracklen CN, Shi J, Vadlamudi S, Wu Y, Zou M, Raulerson CK, Davis JP, Zeynalzadeh M, Jackson K, Yuan W, Wang H, Shou W, Wang Y, Luo J, Lange LA, Lange EM, Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P, Du S, Huang W, Mohlke KL. Identification and functional analysis of glycemic trait loci in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007275. [PMID: 29621232 PMCID: PMC5886383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic contributions to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c), we conducted genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) in up to 7,178 Chinese subjects from nine provinces in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). We examined patterns of population structure within CHNS and found that allele frequencies differed across provinces, consistent with genetic drift and population substructure. We further validated 32 previously described T2D- and glycemic trait-loci, including G6PC2 and SIX3-SIX2 associated with fasting glucose. At G6PC2, we replicated a known fasting glucose-associated variant (rs34177044) and identified a second signal (rs2232326), a low-frequency (4%), probably damaging missense variant (S324P). A variant within the lead fasting glucose-associated signal at SIX3-SIX2 co-localized with pancreatic islet expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for SIX3, SIX2, and three noncoding transcripts. To identify variants functionally responsible for the fasting glucose association at SIX3-SIX2, we tested five candidate variants for allelic differences in regulatory function. The rs12712928-C allele, associated with higher fasting glucose and lower transcript expression level, showed lower transcriptional activity in reporter assays and increased binding to GABP compared to the rs12712928-G, suggesting that rs12712928-C contributes to elevated fasting glucose levels by disrupting an islet enhancer, resulting in reduced gene expression. Taken together, these analyses identified multiple loci associated with glycemic traits across China, and suggest a regulatory mechanism at the SIX3-SIX2 fasting glucose GWAS locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N. Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Swarooparani Vadlamudi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meng Zou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chelsea K. Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James P. Davis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monica Zeynalzadeh
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kayla Jackson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wentao Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Shou
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Heath and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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A common variant within the HNF1B gene is associated with overall survival of multiple myeloma patients: results from the IMMEnSE consortium and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59029-59048. [PMID: 27437873 PMCID: PMC5312293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been associated with multiple myeloma (MM) risk but their impact on overall survival (OS) of MM patients has not been analysed yet. In order to investigate the impact of 58 GWAS-identified variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) on OS of patients with MM, we analysed genotyping data of 936 MM patients collected by the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMENSE) consortium and an independent set of 700 MM patients recruited by the University Clinic of Heidelberg. A meta-analysis of the cox regression results of the two sets showed that rs7501939 located in the HNF1B gene negatively impacted OS (HRRec= 1.44, 95% CI = 1.18-1.76, P = 0.0001). The meta-analysis also showed a noteworthy gender-specific association of the SLC30A8rs13266634 SNP with OS. The presence of each additional copy of the minor allele at rs13266634 was associated with poor OS in men whereas no association was seen in women (HRMen-Add = 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.54, P = 0.0003). In conclusion, these data suggest that the HNF1Brs7501939 SNP confers poor OS in patients with MM and that a SNP in SLC30A8 affect OS in men.
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17
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Wheeler E, Marenne G, Barroso I. Genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits: approaches and insights. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R172-R184. [PMID: 28977447 PMCID: PMC5886471 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycaemic traits such as fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin measures, as well as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), are used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. These traits are risk factors for cardiovascular disease even below the diabetic threshold, and their study can additionally yield insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. To date, a diverse set of genetic approaches have led to the discovery of over 97 loci influencing glycaemic traits. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits, and the resulting biological insights. We will provide a brief overview of results ranging from common, to low- and rare-frequency variant-trait association studies, studies leveraging the diversity across populations, and studies harnessing the power of genetic and genomic approaches to gain insights into the biological underpinnings of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wheeler
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gaëlle Marenne
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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18
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Meta-analyses of the association of G6PC2 allele variants with elevated fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181232. [PMID: 28704540 PMCID: PMC5509327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To collectively evaluate the association of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic unit 2 (G6PC2) allele variants with elevated fasting glucose (FG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design Meta-analysis Data sources PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Embase databases. Study selection Full text articles of studies that identified an association of G6PC2 with T2D and elevated FG. Patient involvement There was no T2D patient involvement in the analyses on the association of FG with G6PC2, there were T2D patients and non-diabetes patient involvement in the analyses on the association of T2D with G6PC2. Statistical analysis Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate the pool effect sizes. I2 metric and H2 tests were used to calculate the heterogeneity. Begg's funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test were done to assess publication bias. Results Of the 423 studies identified, 21 were eligible and included. Data on three loci (rs560887, rs16856187 and rs573225) were available. The G allele at rs560887 in three ethnicities, the C allele at rs16856187 and the A allele at rs573225 all had a positive association with elevated FG. Per increment of G allele at rs560887 and A allele at rs573225 resulted in a FG 0.070 mmol/l and 0.075 mmol/l higher (ß (95% CI) = 0.070 (0.060, 0.079), p = 4.635e-50 and 0.075 (0.065, 0.085), p = 5.856e-48, respectively). With regard to the relationship of rs16856187 and FG, an increase of 0.152 (95% CI: 0.034–0.270; p = 0.011) and 0.317 (95% CI: 0.193–0.442, p = 6.046e-07) was found in the standardized mean difference (SMD) of FG for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively, when compared with the AA reference genotype. However, the G-allele of rs560887 in Caucasians under the additive model and the C-allele of rs16856187 under the allele and dominant models were associated with a decreased risk of T2D (OR (95% CI) = 0.964 (0.947, 0.981), p = 0.570e-4; OR (95% CI) = 0.892 (0.832, 0.956), p = 0.001; and OR (95% CI) = 0.923(0.892, 0.955), p = 5.301e-6, respectively). Conclusions Our meta-analyses demonstrate that all three allele variants of G6PC2 (rs560887, rs16856187 and rs573225) are associated with elevated FG, with two variants (rs560887 in the Caucasians subgroup and rs16856187 under the allele and dominant model) being associated with T2D as well. Further studies utilizing larger sample sizes and different ethnic populations are needed to extend and confirm these findings.
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19
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Thomsen SK, Gloyn AL. Human genetics as a model for target validation: finding new therapies for diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:960-970. [PMID: 28447115 PMCID: PMC5423999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a global epidemic with major effects on healthcare expenditure and quality of life. Currently available treatments are inadequate for the prevention of comorbidities, yet progress towards new therapies remains slow. A major barrier is the insufficiency of traditional preclinical models for predicting drug efficacy and safety. Human genetics offers a complementary model to assess causal mechanisms for target validation. Genetic perturbations are 'experiments of nature' that provide a uniquely relevant window into the long-term effects of modulating specific targets. Here, we show that genetic discoveries over the past decades have accurately predicted (now known) therapeutic mechanisms for type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the potential for use of human genetic variation for prospective target validation, and establish a framework for future applications. Studies into rare, monogenic forms of diabetes have also provided proof-of-principle for precision medicine, and the applicability of this paradigm to complex disease is discussed. Finally, we highlight some of the limitations that are relevant to the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the search for new therapies for diabetes. A key outstanding challenge is the translation of GWAS signals into disease biology and we outline possible solutions for tackling this experimental bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren K Thomsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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20
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Boortz KA, Syring KE, Pound LD, Mo H, Bastarache L, Oeser JK, McGuinness OP, Denny JC, O’Brien RM. Effects of G6pc2 deletion on body weight and cholesterol in mice. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:127-139. [PMID: 28122818 PMCID: PMC5380368 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have linked the G6PC2 gene to variations in fasting blood glucose (FBG). G6PC2 encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit that forms a substrate cycle with the beta cell glucose sensor glucokinase. This cycle modulates the glucose sensitivity of insulin secretion and hence FBG. GWAS data have not linked G6PC2 to variations in body weight but we previously reported that female C57BL/6J G6pc2-knockout (KO) mice were lighter than wild-type littermates on both a chow and high-fat diet. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of G6pc2 deletion on FBG and body weight in both chow-fed and high-fat-fed mice on two other genetic backgrounds. FBG was reduced in G6pc2 KO mice largely independent of gender, genetic background or diet. In contrast, the effect of G6pc2 deletion on body weight was markedly influenced by these variables. Deletion of G6pc2 conferred a marked protection against diet-induced obesity in male mixed genetic background mice, whereas in 129SvEv mice deletion of G6pc2 had no effect on body weight. G6pc2 deletion also reduced plasma cholesterol levels in a manner dependent on gender, genetic background and diet. An association between G6PC2 and plasma cholesterol was also observed in humans through electronic health record-derived phenotype analyses. These observations suggest that the action of G6PC2 on FBG is largely independent of the influences of environment, modifier genes or epigenetic events, whereas the action of G6PC2 on body weight and cholesterol are influenced by unknown variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. Boortz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kristen E. Syring
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lynley D. Pound
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Huan Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Owen P. McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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21
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Al-Daghri NM, Pontremoli C, Cagliani R, Forni D, Alokail MS, Al-Attas OS, Sabico S, Riva S, Clerici M, Sironi M. Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be modulated by haplotypes in G6PC2, a target of positive selection. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:43. [PMID: 28173748 PMCID: PMC5297017 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the common terminal reaction in the gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic pathways and plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. In most mammals, different G6PC subunits are encoded by three paralogous genes (G6PC, G6PC2, and G6PC3). Mutations in G6PC and G6PC3 are responsible for human mendelian diseases, whereas variants in G6PC2 are associated with fasting glucose (FG) levels. RESULTS We analyzed the evolutionary history of G6Pase genes. Results indicated that the three paralogs originated during early vertebrate evolution and that negative selection was the major force shaping diversity at these genes in mammals. Nonetheless, site-wise estimation of evolutionary rates at corresponding sites revealed weak correlations, suggesting that mammalian G6Pases have evolved different structural features over time. We also detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2. Most selected residues localize in the C-terminal protein region, where several human variants associated with FG levels also map. This region was re-sequenced in ~560 subjects from Saudi Arabia, 185 of whom suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The frequency of rare missense and nonsense variants was not significantly different in T2D and controls. Association analysis with two common missense variants (V219L and S342C) revealed a weak but significant association for both SNPs when analyses were conditioned on rs560887, previously identified in a GWAS for FG. Two haplotypes were significantly associated with T2D with an opposite effect direction. CONCLUSIONS We detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2 genes and we suggest that distinct haplotypes at the G6PC2 locus modulate susceptibility to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Riva
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy. .,Don Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, Milan, 20148, Italy.
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
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22
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Laakso M, Kuusisto J, Stančáková A, Kuulasmaa T, Pajukanta P, Lusis AJ, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M. The Metabolic Syndrome in Men study: a resource for studies of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:481-493. [PMID: 28119442 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.o072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study is a population-based study including 10,197 Finnish men examined in 2005-2010. The aim of the study is to investigate nongenetic and genetic factors associated with the risk of T2D and CVD, and with cardiovascular risk factors. The protocol includes a detailed phenotyping of the participants, an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting laboratory measurements including proton NMR measurements, mass spectometry metabolomics, adipose tissue biopsies from 1,400 participants, and a stool sample. In our ongoing follow-up study, we have, to date, reexamined 6,496 participants. Extensive genotyping and exome sequencing have been performed for essentially all METSIM participants, and >2,000 METSIM participants have been whole-genome sequenced. We have identified several nongenetic markers associated with the development of diabetes and cardiovascular events, and participated in several genetic association studies to identify gene variants associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular risk factors. The generation of a phenotype and genotype resource in the METSIM study allows us to proceed toward a "systems genetics" approach, which includes statistical methods to quantitate and integrate intermediate phenotypes, such as transcript, protein, or metabolite levels, to provide a global view of the molecular architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland .,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Departments of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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23
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Single-cell transcriptomes identify human islet cell signatures and reveal cell-type-specific expression changes in type 2 diabetes. Genome Res 2016; 27:208-222. [PMID: 27864352 PMCID: PMC5287227 DOI: 10.1101/gr.212720.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by the coordinated action of at least four cell types constituting pancreatic islets. Changes in the proportion and/or function of these cells are associated with genetic and molecular pathophysiology of monogenic, type 1, and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Cellular heterogeneity impedes precise understanding of the molecular components of each islet cell type that govern islet (dys)function, particularly the less abundant delta and gamma/pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. Here, we report single-cell transcriptomes for 638 cells from nondiabetic (ND) and T2D human islet samples. Analyses of ND single-cell transcriptomes identified distinct alpha, beta, delta, and PP/gamma cell-type signatures. Genes linked to rare and common forms of islet dysfunction and diabetes were expressed in the delta and PP/gamma cell types. Moreover, this study revealed that delta cells specifically express receptors that receive and coordinate systemic cues from the leptin, ghrelin, and dopamine signaling pathways implicating them as integrators of central and peripheral metabolic signals into the pancreatic islet. Finally, single-cell transcriptome profiling revealed genes differentially regulated between T2D and ND alpha, beta, and delta cells that were undetectable in paired whole islet analyses. This study thus identifies fundamental cell-type–specific features of pancreatic islet (dys)function and provides a critical resource for comprehensive understanding of islet biology and diabetes pathogenesis.
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24
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Boortz KA, Syring KE, Lee RA, Dai C, Oeser JK, McGuinness OP, Wang JC, O'Brien RM. G6PC2 Modulates the Effects of Dexamethasone on Fasting Blood Glucose and Glucose Tolerance. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4133-4145. [PMID: 27653037 PMCID: PMC5086534 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 (G6PC2) gene encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit. G6PC2 forms a substrate cycle with glucokinase that determines the glucose sensitivity of insulin secretion. Consequently, deletion of G6pc2 lowers fasting blood glucose (FBG) without affecting fasting plasma insulin. Although chronic elevation of FBG is detrimental to health, glucocorticoids induce G6PC2 expression, suggesting that G6PC2 evolved to transiently modulate FBG under conditions of glucocorticoid-related stress. We show, using competition and mutagenesis experiments, that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) induces G6PC2 promoter activity through a mechanism involving displacement of the islet-enriched transcription factor MafA by the glucocorticoid receptor. The induction of G6PC2 promoter activity by Dex is modulated by a single nucleotide polymorphism, previously linked to altered FBG in humans, that affects FOXA2 binding. A 5-day repeated injection paradigm was used to examine the chronic effect of Dex on FBG and glucose tolerance in wild-type (WT) and G6pc2 knockout mice. Acute Dex treatment only induces G6pc2 expression in 129SvEv but not C57BL/6J mice, but this chronic treatment induced G6pc2 expression in both. In 6-hour fasted C57BL/6J WT mice, Dex treatment lowered FBG and improved glucose tolerance, with G6pc2 deletion exacerbating the decrease in FBG and enhancing the improvement in glucose tolerance. In contrast, in 24-hour fasted C57BL/6J WT mice, Dex treatment raised FBG but still improved glucose tolerance, with G6pc2 deletion limiting the increase in FBG and enhancing the improvement in glucose tolerance. These observations demonstrate that G6pc2 modulates the complex effects of Dex on both FBG and glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Boortz
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kristen E Syring
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Rebecca A Lee
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - James K Oeser
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (K.A.B., K.E.S., J.K.O., O.P.M., R.M.O.) and Medicine (C.D.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology (R.A.L., J.-C.W.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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25
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Functional Analysis of Mouse G6pc1 Mutations Using a Novel In Situ Assay for Glucose-6-Phosphatase Activity and the Effect of Mutations in Conserved Human G6PC1/G6PC2 Amino Acids on G6PC2 Protein Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162439. [PMID: 27611587 PMCID: PMC5017610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) has been associated with increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in G6PC2 are the most important common determinants of variations in FBG in humans. Studies using G6pc2 knockout mice suggest that G6pc2 regulates the glucose sensitivity of insulin secretion. G6PC2 and the related G6PC1 and G6PC3 genes encode glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunits. This study describes a functional analysis of 22 non-synonymous G6PC2 SNPs, that alter amino acids that are conserved in human G6PC1, mouse G6pc1 and mouse G6pc2, with the goal of identifying variants that potentially affect G6PC2 activity/expression. Published data suggest strong conservation of catalytically important amino acids between all four proteins and the related G6PC3 isoform. Because human G6PC2 has very low glucose-6-phosphatase activity we used an indirect approach, examining the effect of these SNPs on mouse G6pc1 activity. Using a novel in situ functional assay for glucose-6-phosphatase activity we demonstrate that the amino acid changes associated with the human G6PC2 rs144254880 (Arg79Gln), rs149663725 (Gly114Arg) and rs2232326 (Ser324Pro) SNPs reduce mouse G6pc1 enzyme activity without affecting protein expression. The Arg79Gln variant alters an amino acid mutation of which, in G6PC1, has previously been shown to cause glycogen storage disease type 1a. We also demonstrate that the rs368382511 (Gly8Glu), rs138726309 (His177Tyr), rs2232323 (Tyr207Ser) rs374055555 (Arg293Trp), rs2232326 (Ser324Pro), rs137857125 (Pro313Leu) and rs2232327 (Pro340Leu) SNPs confer decreased G6PC2 protein expression. In summary, these studies identify multiple G6PC2 variants that have the potential to be associated with altered FBG in humans.
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26
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Ríos R, Lupiañez CB, Campa D, Martino A, Martínez-López J, Martínez-Bueno M, Varkonyi J, García-Sanz R, Jamroziak K, Dumontet C, Cayuela AJ, Wętek M, Landi S, Rossi AM, Lesueur F, Reis RM, Moreno V, Marques H, Jurczyszyn A, Andersen V, Vogel U, Buda G, Orciuolo E, Jacobsen SEH, Petrini M, Vangsted AJ, Gemignani F, Canzian F, Jurado M, Sainz J. Type 2 diabetes-related variants influence the risk of developing multiple myeloma: results from the IMMEnSE consortium. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:545-59. [PMID: 26099684 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been suggested to be a risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM), but the relationship between the two traits is still not well understood. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether 58 genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS)-identified common variants for T2D influence the risk of developing MM and to determine whether predictive models built with these variants might help to predict the disease risk. We conducted a case-control study including 1420 MM patients and 1858 controls ascertained through the International Multiple Myeloma (IMMEnSE) consortium. Subjects carrying the KCNQ1rs2237892T allele or the CDKN2A-2Brs2383208G/G, IGF1rs35767T/T and MADDrs7944584T/T genotypes had a significantly increased risk of MM (odds ratio (OR)=1.32-2.13) whereas those carrying the KCNJ11rs5215C, KCNJ11rs5219T and THADArs7578597C alleles or the FTOrs8050136A/A and LTArs1041981C/C genotypes showed a significantly decreased risk of developing the disease (OR=0.76-0.85). Interestingly, a prediction model including those T2D-related variants associated with the risk of MM showed a significantly improved discriminatory ability to predict the disease when compared to a model without genetic information (area under the curve (AUC)=0.645 vs AUC=0.629; P=4.05×10(-) (06)). A gender-stratified analysis also revealed a significant gender effect modification for ADAM30rs2641348 and NOTCH2rs10923931 variants (Pinteraction=0.001 and 0.0004, respectively). Men carrying the ADAM30rs2641348C and NOTCH2rs10923931T alleles had a significantly decreased risk of MM whereas an opposite but not significant effect was observed in women (ORM=0.71 and ORM=0.66 vs ORW=1.22 and ORW=1.15, respectively). These results suggest that TD2-related variants may influence the risk of developing MM and their genotyping might help to improve MM risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ríos
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Carmen Belén Lupiañez
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Alessandro Martino
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joaquin Martínez-López
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judit Varkonyi
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrés Jerez Cayuela
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marzena Wętek
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephano Landi
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Maria Rossi
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Victor Moreno
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herlander Marques
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Ulla Vogel
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enrico Orciuolo
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend E H Jacobsen
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Petrini
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette J Vangsted
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federica Gemignani
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Jurado
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainHematology DepartmentVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, SpainGenomic Epidemiology GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of HematologyHospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, SpainArea of Genomic MedicineGENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, SpainSemmelweis UniversityBudapest, HungaryHaematology DepartmentUniversity Hospital of Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamanca, SpainMedical University of LodzLodz, PolandINSERM UMR 1052/CNRS 5286Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, FranceMorales Meseguer General University HospitalMurcia, SpainHaematoloy ClinikHolly Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, PolandINSERMU900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancers team, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, FranceLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/Guimarães, PortugalMolecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, BrazilIDIBELL - Catalan Institute of OncologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, SpainDepartment of HematologyCracow University Hospital, Cracow, PolandOrgan CenterHospital of Southern Jutland, DK-6200 Aabenraa, DenmarkFaculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkUO HematologyDepartment of Internal and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyClinic of Biochemistry and ImmunologyLaboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, DenmarkDepartment of HaematologyRigshospitalet and Roskilde Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Genomic Oncology AreaGENYO, Cen
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27
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Wall ML, Pound LD, Trenary I, O'Brien RM, Young JD. Novel stable isotope analyses demonstrate significant rates of glucose cycling in mouse pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2015; 64:2129-37. [PMID: 25552595 PMCID: PMC4439557 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism located in the G6PC2 gene, which encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit, is the most important common determinant of variations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in humans. Studies of G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice suggest that G6pc2 represents a negative regulator of basal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) that acts by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), thereby reducing glycolytic flux. However, this conclusion conflicts with the very low estimates for the rate of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets, as assessed using radioisotopes. We have reassessed the rate of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets using a novel stable isotope method. The data show much higher levels of glucose cycling than previously reported. In 5 mmol/L glucose, islets from C57BL/6J chow-fed mice cycled ∼16% of net glucose uptake. The cycling rate was further increased at 11 mmol/L glucose. Similar cycling rates were observed using islets from high fat-fed mice. Importantly, glucose cycling was abolished in G6pc2 KO mouse islets, confirming that G6pc2 opposes the action of the glucose sensor glucokinase by hydrolyzing G6P. The demonstration of high rates of glucose cycling in pancreatic islets explains why G6pc2 deletion enhances GSIS and why variants in G6PC2 affect FBG in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Wall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN
| | - Lynley D Pound
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
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28
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Ellis KL, Zhou Y, Beshansky JR, Ainehsazan E, Selker HP, Cupples LA, Huggins GS, Peter I. Genetic modifiers of response to glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion in acute coronary syndromes and associations with clinical outcomes in the IMMEDIATE trial. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:488-95. [PMID: 25778467 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modifiers of response to glucose, insulin and potassium (GIK) infusion may affect clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In an Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial Assessment And Treatment In Emergency Care (IMMEDIATE) trial's sub-study (n = 318), we explored effects of 132,634 genetic variants on plasma glucose and potassium response to 12-h GIK infusion. Associations between metabolite-associated variants and infarct size (n = 84) were assessed. The 'G' allele of rs12641551, near ACSL1, as well as the 'A' allele of XPO4 rs2585897 were associated with a differential glucose response (P for 2 degrees of freedom test, P2df ⩽ 4.75 × 10(-7)) and infarct size with GIK (P2df < 0.05). Variants within or near TAS1R3, LCA5, DNAH5, PTPRG, MAGI1, PTCSC3, STRADA, AKAP12, ARFGEF2, ADCYAP1, SETX, NDRG4 and ABCB11 modified glucose response, and near CSF1/AHCYL1 potassium response (P2df ⩽ 4.26 × 10(-7)), but not outcomes. Gene variants may modify glucose and potassium response to GIK infusion, contributing to cardiovascular outcomes in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ellis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R Beshansky
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Regulatory and Clinical Research Management, Regis College, Weston, MA, USA
| | - E Ainehsazan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H P Selker
- Regulatory and Clinical Research Management, Regis College, Weston, MA, USA
| | - L A Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Center for Translational Genomics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Wessel J, Chu AY, Willems SM, Wang S, Yaghootkar H, Brody JA, Dauriz M, Hivert MF, Raghavan S, Lipovich L, Hidalgo B, Fox K, Huffman JE, An P, Lu Y, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Grarup N, Ehm MG, Li L, Baldridge AS, Stančáková A, Abrol R, Besse C, Boland A, Bork-Jensen J, Fornage M, Freitag DF, Garcia ME, Guo X, Hara K, Isaacs A, Jakobsdottir J, Lange LA, Layton JC, Li M, Hua Zhao J, Meidtner K, Morrison AC, Nalls MA, Peters MJ, Sabater-Lleal M, Schurmann C, Silveira A, Smith AV, Southam L, Stoiber MH, Strawbridge RJ, Taylor KD, Varga TV, Allin KH, Amin N, Aponte JL, Aung T, Barbieri C, Bihlmeyer NA, Boehnke M, Bombieri C, Bowden DW, Burns SM, Chen Y, Chen YD, Cheng CY, Correa A, Czajkowski J, Dehghan A, Ehret GB, Eiriksdottir G, Escher SA, Farmaki AE, Frånberg M, Gambaro G, Giulianini F, Goddard WA, Goel A, Gottesman O, Grove ML, Gustafsson S, Hai Y, Hallmans G, Heo J, Hoffmann P, Ikram MK, Jensen RA, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Karaleftheri M, Khor CC, Kirkpatrick A, Kraja AT, Kuusisto J, Lange EM, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Leong A, Liao J, Liu C, Liu Y, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Malerba G, Mamakou V, Marouli E, Maruthur NM, Matchan A, McKean-Cowdin R, McLeod O, Metcalf GA, Mohlke KL, Muzny DM, Ntalla I, Palmer ND, Pasko D, Peter A, Rayner NW, Renström F, Rice K, Sala CF, Sennblad B, Serafetinidis I, Smith JA, Soranzo N, Speliotes EK, Stahl EA, Stirrups K, Tentolouris N, Thanopoulou A, Torres M, Traglia M, Tsafantakis E, Javad S, Yanek LR, Zengini E, Becker DM, Bis JC, Brown JB, Adrienne Cupples L, Hansen T, Ingelsson E, Karter AJ, Lorenzo C, Mathias RA, Norris JM, Peloso GM, Sheu WHH, Toniolo D, Vaidya D, Varma R, Wagenknecht LE, Boeing H, Bottinger EP, Dedoussis G, Deloukas P, Ferrannini E, Franco OH, Franks PW, Gibbs RA, Gudnason V, Hamsten A, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Hofman A, Jansson JH, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Levy D, Oostra BA, O'Donnell CJ, O'Rahilly S, Padmanabhan S, Pankow JS, Polasek O, Province MA, Rich SS, Ridker PM, Rudan I, Schulze MB, Smith BH, Uitterlinden AG, Walker M, Watkins H, Wong TY, Zeggini E, Laakso M, Borecki IB, Chasman DI, Pedersen O, Psaty BM, Shyong Tai E, van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Waterworth DM, Boerwinkle E, Linda Kao WH, Florez JC, Loos RJ, Wilson JG, Frayling TM, Siscovick DS, Dupuis J, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Scott RA, Goodarzi MO. Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5897. [PMID: 25631608 PMCID: PMC4311266 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.4%) with lower FG (β=-0.09±0.01 mmol l(-1), P=3.4 × 10(-12)), T2D risk (OR[95%CI]=0.86[0.76-0.96], P=0.010), early insulin secretion (β=-0.07±0.035 pmolinsulin mmolglucose(-1), P=0.048), but higher 2-h glucose (β=0.16±0.05 mmol l(-1), P=4.3 × 10(-4)). We identify a gene-based association with FG at G6PC2 (pSKAT=6.8 × 10(-6)) driven by four rare protein-coding SNVs (H177Y, Y207S, R283X and S324P). We identify rs651007 (MAF=20%) in the first intron of ABO at the putative promoter of an antisense lncRNA, associating with higher FG (β=0.02±0.004 mmol l(-1), P=1.3 × 10(-8)). Our approach identifies novel coding variant associations and extends the allelic spectrum of variation underlying diabetes-related quantitative traits and T2D susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Sara M Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Margaret G Ehm
- Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Li Li
- Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Abigail S Baldridge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Céline Besse
- CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, EVRY Cedex 91057, France
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, EVRY Cedex 91057, France
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel F Freitag
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Kazuo Hara
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jill C Layton
- Indiana University, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal DE-14558, Germany
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Marjolein J Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Angela Silveira
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
| | - Lorraine Southam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marcus H Stoiber
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Kristine H Allin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer L Aponte
- Quantitative Sciences, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Nathan A Bihlmeyer
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Cristina Bombieri
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Sean M Burns
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Yii-DerI Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Jacek Czajkowski
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Georg B Ehret
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan A Escher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Mattias Frånberg
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anuj Goel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Omri Gottesman
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Jiyoung Heo
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Sangmyung University, Chungnam 330-720, Korea
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn DE-53127, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel Department of Biomedicine 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1) Genomic Imaging Research Center Juelich, Juelich DE-52425, Germany
| | - Mohammad K Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg DK-9220, Denmark
| | | | - Chiea C Khor
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrea Kirkpatrick
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Ethan M Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - I T Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Aaron Leong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chunyu Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37100, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens 124 61, Greece
| | - Eirini Marouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Angela Matchan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
| | - Olga McLeod
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Ginger A Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
- University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA
| | - Dorota Pasko
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry and Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen DE-72076, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg DE-85764, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Ken Rice
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Cinzia F Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | | | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Hematology, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nikos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anastasia Thanopoulou
- Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Mina Torres
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy
| | | | - Sundas Javad
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Eleni Zengini
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens 124 61, Greece
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Diane M Becker
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - James B Brown
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew J Karter
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Region, Oakland, California 94612, USA
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80204, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Wayne H.-H. Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal DE-14558, Germany
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, Kopavogur IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Genetics of Diabetes, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Research Unit, Skellefteå SE-931 87, Sweden
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal DE-14558, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg DE-85764, Germany
| | - Blair H Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CE, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- Genetics, PCPS, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - W H Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - David S Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Massachusetts General Hospital, General Medicine Division, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Mahajan A, Sim X, Ng HJ, Manning A, Rivas MA, Highland HM, Locke AE, Grarup N, Im HK, Cingolani P, Flannick J, Fontanillas P, Fuchsberger C, Gaulton KJ, Teslovich TM, Rayner NW, Robertson NR, Beer NL, Rundle JK, Bork-Jensen J, Ladenvall C, Blancher C, Buck D, Buck G, Burtt NP, Gabriel S, Gjesing AP, Groves CJ, Hollensted M, Huyghe JR, Jackson AU, Jun G, Justesen JM, Mangino M, Murphy J, Neville M, Onofrio R, Small KS, Stringham HM, Syvänen AC, Trakalo J, Abecasis G, Bell GI, Blangero J, Cox NJ, Duggirala R, Hanis CL, Seielstad M, Wilson JG, Christensen C, Brandslund I, Rauramaa R, Surdulescu GL, Doney ASF, Lannfelt L, Linneberg A, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Kuusisto J, Uusitupa M, Salomaa V, Spector TD, Morris AD, Palmer CNA, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Bergman RN, Ingelsson E, Lind L, Tuomilehto J, Hansen T, Watanabe RM, Prokopenko I, Dupuis J, Karpe F, Groop L, Laakso M, Pedersen O, Florez JC, Morris AP, Altshuler D, Meigs JB, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Lindgren CM, Gloyn AL. Identification and functional characterization of G6PC2 coding variants influencing glycemic traits define an effector transcript at the G6PC2-ABCB11 locus. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004876. [PMID: 25625282 PMCID: PMC4307976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) have identified common variant signals which explain 4.8% and 1.2% of trait variance, respectively. It is hypothesized that low-frequency and rare variants could contribute substantially to unexplained genetic variance. To test this, we analyzed exome-array data from up to 33,231 non-diabetic individuals of European ancestry. We found exome-wide significant (P<5×10-7) evidence for two loci not previously highlighted by common variant GWAS: GLP1R (p.Ala316Thr, minor allele frequency (MAF)=1.5%) influencing FG levels, and URB2 (p.Glu594Val, MAF = 0.1%) influencing FI levels. Coding variant associations can highlight potential effector genes at (non-coding) GWAS signals. At the G6PC2/ABCB11 locus, we identified multiple coding variants in G6PC2 (p.Val219Leu, p.His177Tyr, and p.Tyr207Ser) influencing FG levels, conditionally independent of each other and the non-coding GWAS signal. In vitro assays demonstrate that these associated coding alleles result in reduced protein abundance via proteasomal degradation, establishing G6PC2 as an effector gene at this locus. Reconciliation of single-variant associations and functional effects was only possible when haplotype phase was considered. In contrast to earlier reports suggesting that, paradoxically, glucose-raising alleles at this locus are protective against type 2 diabetes (T2D), the p.Val219Leu G6PC2 variant displayed a modest but directionally consistent association with T2D risk. Coding variant associations for glycemic traits in GWAS signals highlight PCSK1, RREB1, and ZHX3 as likely effector transcripts. These coding variant association signals do not have a major impact on the trait variance explained, but they do provide valuable biological insights. Understanding how FI and FG levels are regulated is important because their derangement is a feature of T2D. Despite recent success from GWAS in identifying regions of the genome influencing glycemic traits, collectively these loci explain only a small proportion of trait variance. Unlocking the biological mechanisms driving these associations has been challenging because the vast majority of variants map to non-coding sequence, and the genes through which they exert their impact are largely unknown. In the current study, we sought to increase our understanding of the physiological pathways influencing both traits using exome-array genotyping in up to 33,231 non-diabetic individuals to identify coding variants and consequently genes associated with either FG or FI levels. We identified novel association signals for both traits including the receptor for GLP-1 agonists which are a widely used therapy for T2D. Furthermore, we identified coding variants at several GWAS loci which point to the genes underlying these association signals. Importantly, we found that multiple coding variants in G6PC2 result in a loss of protein function and lower fasting glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hui Jin Ng
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alisa Manning
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Highland
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adam E. Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Department of Health Studies, Biostatistics Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pablo Cingolani
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya M. Teslovich
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - N. William Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L. Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jana K. Rundle
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christine Blancher
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Buck
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Buck
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Noël P. Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anette P. Gjesing
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher J. Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Hollensted
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen R. Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacquelyn Murphy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matt Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Onofrio
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph Trakalo
- High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cramer Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gabriela L. Surdulescu
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. F. Doney
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- Clinical Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital LaPaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josee Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CML); (ALG)
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CML); (ALG)
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Go MJ, Hwang JY, Park TJ, Kim YJ, Oh JH, Kim YJ, Han BG, Kim BJ. Genome-wide association study identifies two novel Loci with sex-specific effects for type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits in a korean population. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:375-87. [PMID: 25349825 PMCID: PMC4209352 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based findings have provided a substantial genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or related glycemic traits. However, identification of allelic heterogeneity and population-specific genetic variants under consideration of potential confounding factors will be very valuable for clinical applicability. To identify novel susceptibility loci for T2DM and glycemic traits, we performed a two-stage genetic association study in a Korean population. METHODS We performed a logistic analysis for T2DM, and the first discovery GWAS was analyzed for 1,042 cases and 2,943 controls recruited from a population-based cohort (KARE, n=8,842). The second stage, de novo replication analysis, was performed in 1,216 cases and 1,352 controls selected from an independent population-based cohort (Health 2, n=8,500). A multiple linear regression analysis for glycemic traits was further performed in a total of 14,232 nondiabetic individuals consisting of 7,696 GWAS and 6,536 replication study participants. A meta-analysis was performed on the combined results using effect size and standard errors estimated for stage 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS A combined meta-analysis for T2DM identified two new (rs11065756 and rs2074356) loci reaching genome-wide significance in CCDC63 and C12orf51 on the 12q24 region. In addition, these variants were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function. Interestingly, two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with sex-specific stratification in this study. CONCLUSION Our study showed a strong association between T2DM and glycemic traits. We further observed that two novel loci with multiple diverse effects were highly specific to males. Taken together, these findings may provide additional insights into the clinical assessment or subclassification of disease risk in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin Go
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Park
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Oh
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
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Marullo L, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Prokopenko I. Insights into the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes from genome-wide association studies of glycaemic traits. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14:551. [PMID: 25344220 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 8 years, the genetics of complex traits have benefited from an unprecedented advancement in the identification of common variant loci for diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). The ability to undertake genome-wide association studies in large population-based samples for quantitative glycaemic traits has permitted us to explore the hypothesis that models arising from studies in non-diabetic individuals may reflect mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Amongst 88 T2D risk and 72 glycaemic trait loci, only 29 are shared and show disproportionate magnitudes of phenotypic effects. Important mechanistic insights have been gained regarding the physiological role of T2D loci in disease predisposition through the elucidation of their contribution to glycaemic trait variability. Further investigation is warranted to define causal variants within these loci, including functional characterisation of associated variants, to dissect their role in disease mechanisms and to enable clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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O'Brien RM. Moving on from GWAS: functional studies on the G6PC2 gene implicated in the regulation of fasting blood glucose. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:768-77. [PMID: 24142592 PMCID: PMC4041587 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in G6PC2 are the most important common determinants of variations in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Molecular studies examining the functional impact of these SNPs on G6PC2 gene transcription and splicing suggest that they affect FBG by directly modulating G6PC2 expression. This conclusion is supported by studies on G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice showing that G6pc2 represents a negative regulator of basal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that acts by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate, thereby reducing glycolytic flux and opposing the action of glucokinase. Suppression of G6PC2 activity might, therefore, represent a novel therapy for lowering FBG and the risk of cardiovascular-associated mortality. GWAS and G6pc2 KO mouse studies also suggest that G6PC2 affects other aspects of beta cell function. The evolutionary benefit conferred by G6PC2 remains unclear, but it is unlikely to be related to its ability to modulate FBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,
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Hayes MG, Urbanek M, Hivert MF, Armstrong LL, Morrison J, Guo C, Lowe LP, Scheftner DA, Pluzhnikov A, Levine DM, McHugh CP, Ackerman CM, Bouchard L, Brisson D, Layden BT, Mirel D, Doheny KF, Leya MV, Lown-Hecht RN, Dyer AR, Metzger BE, Reddy TE, Cox NJ, Lowe WL. Identification of HKDC1 and BACE2 as genes influencing glycemic traits during pregnancy through genome-wide association studies. Diabetes 2013; 62:3282-91. [PMID: 23903356 PMCID: PMC3749326 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal metabolism during pregnancy impacts the developing fetus, affecting offspring birth weight and adiposity. This has important implications for metabolic health later in life (e.g., offspring of mothers with pre-existing or gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of metabolic disorders in childhood). To identify genetic loci associated with measures of maternal metabolism obtained during an oral glucose tolerance test at ∼28 weeks' gestation, we performed a genome-wide association study of 4,437 pregnant mothers of European (n = 1,367), Thai (n = 1,178), Afro-Caribbean (n = 1,075), and Hispanic (n = 817) ancestry, along with replication of top signals in three additional European ancestry cohorts. In addition to identifying associations with genes previously implicated with measures of glucose metabolism in nonpregnant populations, we identified two novel genome-wide significant associations: 2-h plasma glucose and HKDC1, and fasting C-peptide and BACE2. These results suggest that the genetic architecture underlying glucose metabolism may differ, in part, in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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A genome-wide association study of chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent otitis media identifies a novel susceptibility locus on chromosome 2. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2013; 14:791-800. [PMID: 23974705 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-013-0411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and recurrent otitis media (ROM) have been shown to be heritable, but candidate gene and linkage studies to date have been equivocal. Our aim was to identify genetic susceptibility factors using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We genotyped 602 subjects from 143 families with 373 COME/ROM subjects using the Illumina Human CNV370-Duo DNA Bead Chip (324,748 SNPs). We carried out the GWAS scan and imputed SNPs at the regions with the most significant associations. Replication genotyping in an independent family-based sample was conducted for 53 SNPs: the 41 most significant SNPs with P < 10(-4) and 12 imputed SNPs with P < 10(-4) on chromosome 15 (near the strongest signal). We replicated the association of rs10497394 (GWAS discovery P = 1.30 × 10(-5)) on chromosome 2 in the independent otitis media population (P = 4.7 × 10(-5); meta-analysis P = 1.52 × 10(-8)). Three additional SNPs had replication P values < 0.10. Two were on chromosome 15q26.1 including rs1110060, the strongest association with COME/ROM in the primary GWAS (P = 3.4 ×10(-7)) in KIF7 intron 7 (P = 0.072), and rs10775247, a non-synonymous SNP in TICRR exon 2 (P = 0.075). The third SNP rs386057 was on chromosome 5 in TPPP intron 1 (P = 0.045). We have performed the first GWAS of COME/ROM and have identified a SNP rs10497394 on chromosome 2 is significantly associated with COME/ROM susceptibility. This SNP is within a 537 kb intergenic region, bordered by CDCA7 and SP3. The genomic and functional significance of this newly identified locus in COME/ROM pathogenesis requires additional investigation.
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Baerenwald DA, Bonnefond A, Bouatia-Naji N, Flemming BP, Umunakwe OC, Oeser JK, Pound LD, Conley NL, Cauchi S, Lobbens S, Eury E, Balkau B, Lantieri O, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA, Froguel P, O’Brien RM. Multiple functional polymorphisms in the G6PC2 gene contribute to the association with higher fasting plasma glucose levels. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1306-16. [PMID: 23508304 PMCID: PMC4106008 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously identified the G6PC2 locus as a strong determinant of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and showed that a common G6PC2 intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs560887) and two common G6PC2 promoter SNPs (rs573225 and rs13431652) are highly associated with FPG. However, these promoter SNPs have complex effects on G6PC2 fusion gene expression, and our data suggested that only rs13431652 is a potentially causative SNP. Here we examine the effect of rs560887 on G6PC2 pre-mRNA splicing and the contribution of an additional common G6PC2 promoter SNP, rs2232316, to the association signal. METHODS Minigene analyses were used to characterise the effect of rs560887 on G6PC2 pre-mRNA splicing. Fusion gene and gel retardation analyses characterised the effect of rs2232316 on G6PC2 promoter activity and transcription factor binding. The genetic association of rs2232316 with FPG variation was assessed using regression adjusted for age, sex and BMI in 4,220 Europeans with normal FPG. RESULTS The rs560887-G allele was shown to enhance G6PC2 pre-mRNA splicing, whereas the rs2232316-A allele enhanced G6PC2 transcription by promoting Foxa2 binding. Genetic analyses provide evidence for association of the rs2232316-A allele with increased FPG (β = 0.04 mmol/l; p = 4.3 × 10(-3)) as part of the same signal as rs560887, rs573225 and rs13431652. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION As with rs13431652, the in situ functional data with rs560887 and rs2232316 are in accord with the putative function of G6PC2 in pancreatic islets, and suggest that all three are potentially causative SNPs that contribute to the association between G6PC2 and FPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Baerenwald
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - A. Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - N. Bouatia-Naji
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - B. P. Flemming
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - O. C. Umunakwe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J. K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L. D. Pound
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - N. L. Conley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - S. Cauchi
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - S. Lobbens
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - E. Eury
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - B. Balkau
- INSERM, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic renal disease over the lifecourse, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France
| | - O. Lantieri
- Institut inter-régional pour la santé (IRSA), F-37521 La Riche, France
| | - MAGIC Investigators
- Meta-Analysis of Glucose and Insulin related traits Consortium Investigators (http://www.magicinvestigators.org/)
| | - P. K. Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - D. A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - P. Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, F-59019 Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - R. M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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37
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Pound LD, Oeser JK, O’Brien TP, Wang Y, Faulman CJ, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA, Hutton JC, McGuinness OP, Shiota M, O’Brien RM. G6PC2: a negative regulator of basal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 2013; 62:1547-56. [PMID: 23274894 PMCID: PMC3636628 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) is associated with increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular-associated mortality. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked polymorphisms in G6PC2 with variations in FBG and body fat, although not insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance. G6PC2 encodes an islet-specific, endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit. A combination of in situ perfused pancreas, in vitro isolated islet, and in vivo analyses were used to explore the function of G6pc2 in mice. G6pc2 deletion had little effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, whereas body fat was reduced in female G6pc2 knockout (KO) mice on both a chow and high-fat diet, observations that are all consistent with human GWAS data. G6pc2 deletion resulted in a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). As a consequence, under fasting conditions in which plasma insulin levels were identical, blood glucose levels were reduced in G6pc2 KO mice, again consistent with human GWAS data. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was reduced, whereas basal cytoplasmic calcium levels were elevated in islets isolated from G6pc2 KO mice. These data suggest that G6pc2 represents a novel, negative regulator of basal GSIS that acts by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate, thereby reducing glycolytic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynley D. Pound
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracy P. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yingda Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chandler J. Faulman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Prasanna K. Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John C. Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Owen P. McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Richard M. O’Brien,
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Suh YJ, Kim S, Kim SH, Park J, Lim HA, Park HJ, Choi H, Ng D, Lee MK, Nam M. Combined genome-wide linkage and association analyses of fasting glucose level in healthy twins and families of Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:415-23. [PMID: 23487342 PMCID: PMC3594606 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the risk of an elevated fasting glucose (FG) level using genome-wide analyses. We explored a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for FG level in a genome-wide study from a Korean twin-family cohort (the Healthy Twin Study) using a combined linkage and family-based association analysis approach. We investigated 1,754 individuals, which included 432 families and 219 pairs of monozygotic twins. Regions of chromosomes 2q23.3-2q31.1, 15q26.1-15q26.3, 16p12.1, and 20p13-20p12.2, were found to show evidence of linkage with FG level, and several markers in these regions were found to be significantly associated with FG level using family-based or general association tests. In particular, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6138953) on the PTPRA gene in the 20p13 region (combined P = 1.8 × 10(-6)) was found to be associated with FG level, and the PRKCB1 gene (in 16p12.1) to be possibly associated with FG level. In conclusion, multiple regions of chromosomes 2q23.3-2q31.1, 15q26.1-15q26.3, 16p12.1, and 20p13-20p12.2 are associated with FG level in our Korean twin-family cohort. The combined approach of genome-wide linkage and family-based association analysis is useful to identify novel or known genetic regions concerning FG level in a family cohort study.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Asian People/genetics
- Blood Glucose/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Family
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C beta
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4/genetics
- Republic of Korea
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Suh
- Institute of Clinical Research, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - SungHwan Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - So Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jia Park
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Lim
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Park
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Daniel Ng
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Environment and Health, Seoul National University School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Pendse J, Ramachandran PV, Na J, Narisu N, Fink JL, Cagan RL, Collins FS, Baranski TJ. A Drosophila functional evaluation of candidates from human genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic traits identifies tissue-specific roles for dHHEX. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:136. [PMID: 23445342 PMCID: PMC3608171 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify regions of the genome that are associated with particular traits, but do not typically identify specific causative genetic elements. For example, while a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits have been identified by human GWAS, only a few genes have functional evidence to support or to rule out a role in cellular metabolism or dietary interactions. Here, we use a recently developed Drosophila model in which high-sucrose feeding induces phenotypes similar to T2D to assess orthologs of human GWAS-identified candidate genes for risk of T2D and related traits. Results Disrupting orthologs of certain T2D candidate genes (HHEX, THADA, PPARG, KCNJ11) led to sucrose-dependent toxicity. Tissue-specific knockdown of the HHEX ortholog dHHEX (CG7056) directed metabolic defects and enhanced lethality; for example, fat-body-specific loss of dHHEX led to increased hemolymph glucose and reduced insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Candidate genes identified in human genetic studies of metabolic traits can be prioritized and functionally characterized using a simple Drosophila approach. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale effort to study the functional interaction between GWAS-identified candidate genes and an environmental risk factor such as diet in a model organism system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Pendse
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount SinaiSchool of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Blackett PR, Sanghera DK. Genetic determinants of cardiometabolic risk: a proposed model for phenotype association and interaction. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:65-81. [PMID: 23351585 PMCID: PMC3559023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a translational and unifying summary of metabolic syndrome genetics and highlights evidence that genetic studies are starting to unravel and untangle origins of the complex and challenging cluster of disease phenotypes. The associated genes effectively express in the brain, liver, kidney, arterial endothelium, adipocytes, myocytes, and β cells. Progression of syndrome traits has been associated with ectopic lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, visceral adipocytes, myocytes, and liver. Thus, it follows that the genetics of dyslipidemia, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are central in triggering progression of the syndrome to overt expression of disease traits and have become a key focus of interest for early detection and for designing prevention and treatments. To support the "birds' eye view" approach, we provide a road-map depicting commonality and interrelationships between the traits and their genetic and environmental determinants based on known risk factors, metabolic pathways, pharmacologic targets, treatment responses, gene networks, pleiotropy, and association with circadian rhythm. Although only a small portion of the known heritability is accounted for and there is insufficient support for clinical application of gene-based prediction models, there is direction and encouraging progress in a rapidly moving field that is beginning to show clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, 940 NE 13St., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, 940 NE 13St., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Kim MJ, Ahituv N. The hydrodynamic tail vein assay as a tool for the study of liver promoters and enhancers. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1015:279-89. [PMID: 23824863 PMCID: PMC4096022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-435-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hydrodynamic tail vein injection is a technique that is used to deliver nucleic acids into live mice. Delivery through this method results in the in vivo transfection of foreign DNA primarily in the liver. Here, we describe the use of this technique to test for regulatory activity of liver promoters and enhancers, using a dual luciferase reporter system as the readable/measureable output and how this application can be used for pharmacogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Florez JC, Jablonski KA, McAteer JB, Franks PW, Mason CC, Mather K, Horton E, Goldberg R, Dabelea D, Kahn SE, Arakaki RF, Shuldiner AR, Knowler WC. Effects of genetic variants previously associated with fasting glucose and insulin in the Diabetes Prevention Program. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44424. [PMID: 22984506 PMCID: PMC3439414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants have been recently associated with fasting glucose and insulin levels in white populations. Whether these associations replicate in pre-diabetes is not known. We extended these findings to the Diabetes Prevention Program, a clinical trial in which participants at high risk for diabetes were randomized to placebo, lifestyle modification or metformin for diabetes prevention. We genotyped previously reported polymorphisms (or their proxies) in/near G6PC2, MTNR1B, GCK, DGKB, GCKR, ADCY5, MADD, CRY2, ADRA2A, FADS1, PROX1, SLC2A2, GLIS3, C2CD4B, IGF1, and IRS1 in 3,548 Diabetes Prevention Program participants. We analyzed variants for association with baseline glycemic traits, incident diabetes and their interaction with response to metformin or lifestyle intervention. We replicated associations with fasting glucose at MTNR1B (P<0.001), G6PC2 (P = 0.002) and GCKR (P = 0.001). We noted impaired β-cell function in carriers of glucose-raising alleles at MTNR1B (P<0.001), and an increase in the insulinogenic index for the glucose-raising allele at G6PC2 (P<0.001). The association of MTNR1B with fasting glucose and impaired β-cell function persisted at 1 year despite adjustment for the baseline trait, indicating a sustained deleterious effect at this locus. We also replicated the association of MADD with fasting proinsulin levels (P<0.001). We detected no significant impact of these variants on diabetes incidence or interaction with preventive interventions. The association of several polymorphisms with quantitative glycemic traits is replicated in a cohort of high-risk persons. These variants do not have a detectable impact on diabetes incidence or response to metformin or lifestyle modification in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C. Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DPPRG); (JCF)
| | - Kathleen A. Jablonski
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jarred B. McAteer
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clinton C. Mason
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kieren Mather
- Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Edward Horton
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald Goldberg
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and the Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Arakaki
- Department of Medicine Clinical Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William C. Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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Does Familial Clustering of Risk Factors for Long-Term Diabetic Complications Leave Any Place for Genes That Act independently? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:388-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li F, Patterson AD, Wang Y, Krausz KW, Neale G, Thomas S, Nachagari D, Vogel P, Vore M, Gonzalez FJ, Schuetz JD. Abcb11 deficiency induces cholestasis coupled to impaired β-fatty acid oxidation in mice. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24784-94. [PMID: 22619174 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that serves as the primary system for removing bile salts from the liver. In humans, deficiency of BSEP, which is encoded by the ABCB11 gene, causes severe progressive cholestatic liver disease from early infancy. In previous studies of Abcb11 deficiency in mice generated on a mixed genetic background, the animals did not recapitulate the human disease. We reasoned that ABCB11 deficiency may cause unique changes in hepatic metabolism that are predictive of liver injury. To test this possibility, we first determined that Abcb11 knock-out (KO) C57BL/6J mice recapitulate human deficiency. Before the onset of cholestasis, Abcb11 KO mice have altered hepatic lipid metabolism coupled with reduced expression of genes important in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This was associated with increased serum free-fatty acids, reduced total white adipose, and marked impairment of long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Importantly, metabolomic analysis confirmed that Abcb11 KO mice have impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation with the elevated fatty acid metabolites phenylpropionylglycine and phenylacetylglycine. These metabolic changes precede cholestasis but may be of relevance to cholestatic disease progression because altered fatty acid metabolism can enhance reactive oxygen species that might exacerbate cholestatic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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45
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Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Guo X, Bowden DW, Bertoni AG, Sale MM, Yao J, Bluemke DA, Goodarzi MO, Chen YI, Vaidya D, Raffel LJ, Papanicolaou GJ, Meigs JB, Pankow JS. Fasting glucose GWAS candidate region analysis across ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:384-91. [PMID: 22508271 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with fasting glucose in European ancestry populations are increasingly well understood. However, the nature of the associations between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting glucose in other racial and ethnic groups is unclear. We sought to examine regions previously identified to be associated with fasting glucose in Caucasian genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across multiple ethnicities in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Nondiabetic MESA participants with fasting glucose measured at the baseline exam and with GWAS genotyping were included; 2,349 Caucasians, 664 individuals of Chinese descent, 1,366 African Americans, and 1,171 Hispanics. Genotype data were generated from the Affymetrix 6.0 array and imputation in IMPUTE. Fasting glucose was regressed on SNP dosage data in each ethnic group adjusting for age, gender, MESA study center, and ethnic-specific principal components. SNPs from the three gene regions with the strongest associations to fasting glucose in previous Caucasian GWAS (MTNR1B / GCK / G6PC2) were examined in depth. There was limited power to replicate associations in other ethnic groups due to smaller allele frequencies and limited sample size; SNP associations may also have differed across ethnic groups due to differing linkage disequilibrium patterns with causal variants. rs10830963 in MTNR1B and rs4607517 in GCK demonstrated consistent magnitude and direction of association with fasting glucose across ethnic groups, although the associations were often not nominally significant. In conclusion, certain SNPs in MTNR1B and GCK demonstrate consistent effects across four racial and ethnic groups, narrowing the putative region for these causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Abstract
The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is one of the most challenging problems of the 21(st) century leading cause of and the fifth death worldwide. Substantial evidence suggests that T2D is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified and replicated nearly 75 susceptibility loci associated with T2D and related metabolic traits, mostly in Europeans, and some in African, and South Asian populations. The GWAS serve as a starting point for future genetic and functional studies since the mechanisms of action by which these associated loci influence disease is still unclear and it is difficult to predict potential implication of these findings in clinical settings. Despite extensive replication, no study has unequivocally demonstrated their clinical role in the disease management beyond progression to T2D from impaired glucose tolerance. However, these studies are revealing new molecular pathways underlying diabetes etiology, gene-environment interactions, epigenetic modifications, and gene function. This review highlights evolving progress made in the rapidly moving field of T2D genetics that is starting to unravel the pathophysiology of a complex phenotype and has potential to show clinical relevance in the near future.
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47
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Soranzo N. Genetic determinants of variability in glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) in humans: review of recent progress and prospects for use in diabetes care. Curr Diab Rep 2011; 11:562-9. [PMID: 21975967 PMCID: PMC3207128 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-011-0232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) indicates the percentage of total hemoglobin that is bound by glucose, produced from the nonenzymatic chemical modification by glucose of hemoglobin molecules carried in erythrocytes. HbA(1c) represents a surrogate marker of average blood glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks, or the average lifespan of the erythrocyte, and thus represents a more stable indicator of glycemic status compared with fasting glucose. HbA(1c) levels are genetically determined, with heritability of 47% to 59%. Over the past few years, inroads into understanding genetic predisposition by glycemic and nonglycemic factors have been achieved through genomewide analyses. Here I review current research aimed at discovering genetic determinants of HbA(1c) levels, discussing insights into biologic factors influencing variability in the general and diabetic population, and across different ethnicities. Furthermore, I discuss briefly the relevance of findings for diabetes monitoring and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK.
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Oeser JK, Parekh VV, Wang Y, Jegadeesh NK, Sarkar SA, Wong R, Lee CE, Pound LD, Hutton JC, Van Kaer L, O’Brien RM. Deletion of the G6pc2 gene encoding the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein does not affect the progression or incidence of type 1 diabetes in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:2922-7. [PMID: 21896930 PMCID: PMC3198073 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), now known as G6PC2, is a major target of autoreactive T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in both mice and humans. This study aimed to determine whether suppression of G6p2 gene expression might therefore prevent or delay disease progression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS G6pc2(-/-) mice were generated on the NOD/ShiLtJ genetic background, and glycemia was monitored weekly up to 35 weeks of age to determine the onset and incidence of diabetes. The antigen specificity of CD8(+) T cells infiltrating islets from NOD/ShiLtJ G6pc2(+/+) and G6pc2(-/-) mice at 12 weeks was determined in parallel. RESULTS The absence of G6pc2 did not affect the time of onset, incidence, or sex bias of type 1 diabetes in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Insulitis was prominent in both groups, but whereas NOD/ShiLtJ G6pc2(+/+) islets contained CD8(+) T cells reactive to the G6pc2 NRP peptide, G6pc2 NRP-reactive T cells were absent in NOD/ShiLtJ G6pc2(-/-) islets. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that G6pc2 is an important driver for the selection and expansion of islet-reactive CD8(+) T cells infiltrating NOD/ShiLtJ islets. However, autoreactivity to G6pc2 is not essential for the emergence of autoimmune diabetes. The results remain consistent with previous studies indicating that insulin may be the primary autoimmune target, at least in NOD/ShiLtJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vrajesh V. Parekh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yingda Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Naresh K. Jegadeesh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Suparna A. Sarkar
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Randall Wong
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E. Lee
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynley D. Pound
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John C. Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Richard M. O’Brien,
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49
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Barker A, Sharp SJ, Timpson NJ, Bouatia-Naji N, Warrington NM, Kanoni S, Beilin LJ, Brage S, Deloukas P, Evans DM, Grontved A, Hassanali N, Lawlor DA, Lecoeur C, Loos RJ, Lye SJ, McCarthy MI, Mori TA, Ndiaye NC, Newnham JP, Ntalla I, Pennell CE, St Pourcain B, Prokopenko I, Ring SM, Sattar N, Visvikis-Siest S, Dedoussis GV, Palmer LJ, Froguel P, Smith GD, Ekelund U, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C. Association of genetic Loci with glucose levels in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis of over 6,000 children. Diabetes 2011; 60:1805-12. [PMID: 21515849 PMCID: PMC3114379 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether associations of common genetic variants recently identified for fasting glucose or insulin levels in nondiabetic adults are detectable in healthy children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose were genotyped in six studies of children and adolescents of European origin, including over 6,000 boys and girls aged 9-16 years. We performed meta-analyses to test associations of individual SNPs and a weighted risk score of the 16 loci with fasting glucose. RESULTS Nine loci were associated with glucose levels in healthy children and adolescents, with four of these associations reported in previous studies and five reported here for the first time (GLIS3, PROX1, SLC2A2, ADCY5, and CRY2). Effect sizes were similar to those in adults, suggesting age-independent effects of these fasting glucose loci. Children and adolescents carrying glucose-raising alleles of G6PC2, MTNR1B, GCK, and GLIS3 also showed reduced β-cell function, as indicated by homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function. Analysis using a weighted risk score showed an increase [β (95% CI)] in fasting glucose level of 0.026 mmol/L (0.021-0.031) for each unit increase in the score. CONCLUSIONS Novel fasting glucose loci identified in genome-wide association studies of adults are associated with altered fasting glucose levels in healthy children and adolescents with effect sizes comparable to adults. In nondiabetic adults, fasting glucose changes little over time, and our results suggest that age-independent effects of fasting glucose loci contribute to long-term interindividual differences in glucose levels from childhood onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barker
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE), University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- CNRS UMR 8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Nicole M. Warrington
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE), University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | | | - Neelam Hassanali
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE), University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- CNRS UMR 8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Lye
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- “Cardiovascular Genetics” Research Unit, Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France
| | - John P. Newnham
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Susan M. Ring
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | | | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (MRC CAiTE), University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding author: Claudia Langenberg,
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50
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Jensen AC, Barker A, Kumari M, Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M, Hingorani AD, Wareham NJ, Tabák AG, Witte DR, Langenberg C. Associations of common genetic variants with age-related changes in fasting and postload glucose: evidence from 18 years of follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort. Diabetes 2011; 60:1617-23. [PMID: 21441441 PMCID: PMC3292338 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the general, nondiabetic population, fasting glucose increases only slightly over time, whereas 2-h postload glucose shows a much steeper age-related rise. The reasons underlying these different age trajectories are unknown. We investigated whether common genetic variants associated with fasting and 2-h glucose contribute to age-related changes of these traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 5,196 nondiabetic participants of the Whitehall II cohort (aged 40-78 years) attending up to four 5-yearly oral glucose tolerance tests. A genetic score was calculated separately for fasting and 2-h glucose, including 16 and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Longitudinal modeling with age centered at 55 years was used to study the effects of each genotype and genetic score on fasting and 2-h glucose and their interactions with age, adjusting for sex and time-varying BMI. RESULTS The fasting glucose genetic score was significantly associated with fasting glucose with a 0.029 mmol/L (95% CI 0.023-0.034) difference (P = 2.76 × 10(-21)) per genetic score point, an association that remained constant over time (age interaction P = 0.17). Two-hour glucose levels differed by 0.076 mmol/L (0.047-0.105) per genetic score point (P = 3.1 × 10(-7)); notably, this effect became stronger with increasing age by 0.006 mmol/L (0.003-0.009) per genetic score point per year (age interaction P = 3.0 × 10(-5)), resulting in diverging age trajectories by genetic score. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants contribute to the age-related rise of 2-h glucose levels, whereas associations of variants for fasting glucose are constant over time, in line with stable age trajectories of fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Barker
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Eric J. Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Adam G. Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
- Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
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