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Şenbabaoğlu Y, Prabhakar V, Khormali A, Eastham J, Liu E, Warner E, Nabet B, Srivastava M, Ballinger M, Liu K. MOSBY enables multi-omic inference and spatial biomarker discovery from whole slide images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18271. [PMID: 39107505 PMCID: PMC11303705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The utility of deep neural nets has been demonstrated for mapping hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) stained image features to expression of individual genes. However, these models have not been employed to discover clinically relevant spatial biomarkers. Here we develop MOSBY (Multi-Omic translation of whole slide images for Spatial Biomarker discoverY) that leverages contrastive self-supervised pretraining to extract improved H&E whole slide images features, learns a mapping between image and bulk omic profiles (RNA, DNA, and protein), and utilizes tile-level information to discover spatial biomarkers. We validate MOSBY gene and gene set predictions with spatial transcriptomic and serially-sectioned CD8 IHC image data. We demonstrate that MOSBY-inferred colocalization features have survival-predictive power orthogonal to gene expression, and enable concordance indices highly competitive with survival-trained multimodal networks. We identify and validate (1) an ER stress-associated colocalization feature as a chemotherapy-specific risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma, and (2) the colocalization of T effector cell vs cysteine signatures as a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancer indications. The discovery of clinically relevant biologically interpretable spatial biomarkers showcases the utility of the model in unraveling novel insights in cancer biology as well as informing clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeff Eastham
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Evan Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Elisa Warner
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Barzin Nabet
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Kai Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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2
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Gonzalez de Vega R, Clases D, Cunningham BA, Ganio K, Neville SL, McDevitt CA, Doble PA. Spatial distribution of trace metals and associated transport proteins during bacterial infection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2783-2796. [PMID: 38057634 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune systems alter the concentrations of trace elements in host niches in response to invading pathogens during infection. This work reports the interplay between d-block metal ions and their associated biomolecules using hyphenated elemental techniques to spatially quantify both elemental distributions and the abundance of specific transport proteins. Here, lung tissues were collected for analyses from naïve and Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected mice fed on a zinc-restricted or zinc-supplemented diet. Spatiotemporal distributions of manganese (55Mn), iron (56Fe), copper (63Cu), and zinc (66Zn) were determined by quantitative laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The murine transport proteins ZIP8 and ZIP14, which are associated with zinc transport, were also imaged by incorporation of immunohistochemistry techniques into the analytical workflow. Collectively, this work demonstrates the potential of a single instrumental platform suitable for multiplex analyses of tissues and labelled antibodies to investigate complex elemental interactions at the host-pathogen interface. Further, these methods have the potential for broad application to investigations of biological pathways where concomitant measurement of elements and biomolecules is crucial to understand the basis of disease and aid in development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gonzalez de Vega
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- TESLA-Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Clases
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- Nano Micro LAB, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bliss A Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Neville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip A Doble
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.
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Barreira MA, Campelo MWS, Rebouças CDSM, Campelo APBS, de Vasconcelos PRL. The role of TNF-α and NFkβ in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethyhydrazine. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e383623. [PMID: 37729351 PMCID: PMC10508195 DOI: 10.1590/acb383623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the potential of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethyhydrazine (1,2-DMH). METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: sham and 1,2-DMH. First, 1,2-DMH (20 mg/kg/week) was administered for 15 consecutive weeks. In the 25th week, proctocolectomy was conducted. Histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression of TNF-α and NF-κB were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. The location of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis' test. For analyses with two groups with parametric data, the t-test was used; for non-parametric data, the Mann-Whitney's test was used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The number of ACF and macroscopic lesions was significantly higher (p < 0.5) in the 1,2-DMH group compared to the sham group, and most ACF were concentrated in the distal segment of the colon. There was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.5) in protein and gene expression of TNF-α and NF-κB in the 1,2-DMH group compared to the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide supportive evidence that TNF-α and NF-κB pathways are strongly involved in CRC development in rats and might be used as early biomarkers of CRC pathogenesis in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Alencar Barreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará – Walter Cantídio University Hospital – Fortaleza (Ceará) – Brazil
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Wang Y, Wu T, Tsai MC, Rezzonico MG, Abdel-Haleem AM, Xie L, Gandham VD, Ngu H, Stark K, Glock C, Xu D, Foreman O, Friedman BA, Sheng M, Hanson JE. TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglial inflammatory responses and promotes neurodegeneration in tauopathy mice. eLife 2023; 12:e83451. [PMID: 37555828 PMCID: PMC10411973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) (MAP3K8) is a central signaling node in the inflammatory response of peripheral immune cells. We find that TPL2 kinase activity modulates microglial cytokine release and is required for microglia-mediated neuron death in vitro. In acute in vivo neuroinflammation settings, TPL2 kinase activity regulates microglia activation states and brain cytokine levels. In a tauopathy model of chronic neurodegeneration, loss of TPL2 kinase activity reduces neuroinflammation and rescues synapse loss, brain volume loss, and behavioral deficits. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicates that protection in the tauopathy model was associated with reductions in activated microglia subpopulations as well as infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Overall, using various models, we find that TPL2 kinase activity can promote multiple harmful consequences of microglial activation in the brain including cytokine release, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) induction, astrocyte activation, and immune cell infiltration. Consequently, inhibiting TPL2 kinase activity could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tiffany Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mitchell G Rezzonico
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alyaa M Abdel-Haleem
- Computational Science & Exploratory Analytics, Roche IT, Hoffmann-La Roche LimitedMississaugaCanada
| | - Luke Xie
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Vineela D Gandham
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kimberly Stark
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Caspar Glock
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brad A Friedman
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
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Barreira MA, Campelo MWS, da Silva Martins Rebouças C, Duarte ASG, Barbosa MLL, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Queiroz RR, Holanda ÉU, de Vasconcelos ABA, de Sousa Araújo VJG, Diniz GM, Oriá RB, de Vasconcelos PRL. Pterostilbene and Probiotic Complex in Chemoprevention of Putative Precursor Lesions for Colorectal Cancer in an Experimental Model of Intestinal Carcinogenesis with 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082401. [PMID: 37190329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene (PS) and/or a probiotic (PRO) may ameliorate the intestinal microbiota in disease conditions. This study aims to evaluate PS and PRO for the chemoprevention of putative precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Sixty male Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups: Sham, 1,2-DMH, 1,2-DMH + PS, 1,2-DMH + PRO, and 1,2-DMH + PS + PRO. PRO (5 × 107/mL) was offered in water, and PS (300 ppm) was provided in the diet ad libitum. 1,2-DMH (20 mg/kg/week) was administered for 15 consecutive weeks. In the 25th week, proctocolectomy was conducted. PRO alone and PRO combined with PS were the best intervention strategies to improve experimental 1,2-DMH-induced CRC regarding several parameters of carcinogenesis. Our findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive strategies for CRC and may help to identify novel modulators of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Alencar Barreira
- Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-140, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcio Wilker Soares Campelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-140, CE, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60192-345, CE, Brazil
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins Rebouças
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Antoniella Souza Gomes Duarte
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Érica Uchoa Holanda
- School of Medicine, Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60192-345, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Maia Diniz
- School of Medicine, Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60192-345, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Barreto Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-170, CE, Brazil
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Preclinical development of ZED8, an 89Zr immuno-PET reagent for monitoring tumor CD8 status in patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:287-301. [PMID: 36271158 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZED8 is a novel monovalent antibody labeled with zirconium-89 for the molecular imaging of CD8. This work describes nonclinical studies performed in part to provide rationale for and to inform expectations in the early clinical development of ZED8, such as in the studies outlined in clinical trial registry NCT04029181 [1]. METHODS Surface plasmon resonance, X-ray crystallography, and flow cytometry were used to characterize the ZED8-CD8 binding interaction, its specificity, and its impact on T cell function. Immuno-PET with ZED8 was assessed in huCD8+ tumor-bearing mice and in non-human primates. Plasma antibody levels were measured by ELISA to determine pharmacokinetic parameters, and OLINDA 1.0 was used to estimate radiation dosimetry from image-derived biodistribution data. RESULTS ZED8 selectively binds to human CD8α at a binding site approximately 9 Å from that of MHCI making mutual interference unlikely. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) is 5 nM. ZED8 binds to cynomolgus CD8 with reduced affinity (66 nM) but it has no measurable affinity for rat or mouse CD8. In a series of lymphoma xenografts, ZED8 imaging was able to identify different CD8 levels concordant with flow cytometry. In cynomolgus monkeys with tool compound 89Zr-aCD8v17, lymph nodes were conspicuous by imaging 24 h post-injection, and the pharmacokinetics suggested a flat-fixed first-in-human dose of 4 mg per subject. The whole-body effective dose for an adult human was estimated to be 0.48 mSv/MBq, comparable to existing 89Zr immuno-PET reagents. CONCLUSION 89Zr immuno-PET with ZED8 appears to be a promising biomarker of tissue CD8 levels suitable for clinical evaluation in cancer patients eligible for immunotherapy.
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Barbosa SJDA, Oliveira MMB, Ribeiro SB, de Medeiros CACX, Lima MLDS, Guerra GCB, de Araújo Júnior RF, de Sousa Junior FC, Martins AA, Paiva DFF, Andrade RVS, Rebouças CSM, Brito GADC, Leitâo RFDC, de Araújo A. The beneficial effects of Lacticaseibacillus casei on the small intestine and colon of Swiss mice against the deleterious effects of 5-fluorouracil. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954885. [PMID: 36341441 PMCID: PMC9635922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucositis is one of the most common and important side effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Currently, there are still no specific and effective protocols for its prevention and treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei) on the progression of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods: L. casei (1x109 CFU/ml) or saline was orally administered to Swiss mice, beginning 15 days before intestinal mucositis induction by single intraperitoneal 5-FU administration (450 mg/kg). Body weight, number of peripheral leukocytes and fecal lactic acid bacteria were monitored. After euthanasia, on day 18, tissue samples from colon and each small intestine segment were collected for histopathology. Jejunal tissues were collected and evaluated for iNOS and TNF-alpha immunoexpression, IL-1-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation, invertase activity and factor nuclear kappa B (NFkB-P65) gene expression, toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), mucin-2 (MUC-2), occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). RESULTS The positive impact of L. casei on 5-FU-induced leukopenia was observed, but not on 5-FU-induced weight loss in mice. L. casei reduced 5-FU-induced inflammation in the colon and small intestine (p<0.05). Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 (p<0.05) and MDA (p<0.05) levels, as well as decreased iNOS and TNF-alpha protein expressions (p<0.05) were found in the jejunum from L casei group. In addition, L-casei down-regulated NFKB-P65 (p<0.05) and TLR-4 (p<0.05) gene expressions and up-regulated MUC-2 and mucosal barrier proteins occludin and ZO-1 gene expressions (p<0.05). Furthermore, greater lactic acid bacteria population (p<0.05) was found in the L. casei group when compared to control groups. CONCLUSION Oral L. casei administration can protect the intestine of Swiss mice from 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis, thus contributing to overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stphannie Jamyla de Araújo Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maisie Mitchele Barbosa Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology /RENORBIO, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Susana Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology /RENORBIO, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura de Souza Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology UFRN, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Francisco Caninde de Sousa Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Wang L, Dong M, Shi D, Yang C, Liu S, Gao L, Niu W. Role of PI3K in the bone resorption of apical periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:345. [PMID: 35953782 PMCID: PMC9373278 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is located within cells, and is involved in regulating cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PI3K in the process of bone destruction in apical periodontitis, and provide reference data for the treatment of this disease. METHODS The relative mRNA expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 in the normal human periodontal ligament and in chronic apical periodontitis were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A mouse model of apical periodontitis was established by root canal exposure to the oral cavity, and HE staining was used to observe the progress of apical periodontitis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PI3K and AKT in different stages of apical periodontitis, while enzymatic histochemical staining was used for detection of osteoclasts. An Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory environment was also established at the osteoclast and osteoblast level, and osteoclasts or osteoblasts were treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to examine the role of PI3K in bone resorption. RESULTS The expression of PI3K, Acp5 and NFATc1 genes in chronic apical periodontitis sample groups was significantly increased relative to healthy periodontal ligament tissue (P < 0.05). Mouse apical periodontitis was successfully established and bone resorption peaked between 2 and 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The expression of PI3K and Akt increased with the progression of inflammation, and reached a peak at 14 days (P < 0.05). The gene and protein expression of PI3K, TRAP and NFATc1 in osteoclasts were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the E. coli LPS-mediated inflammatory microenvironment compared to the normal control group. Meanwhile in osteoblasts, the gene and protein expression of PI3K, BMP-2 and Runx2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the inflammatory microenvironment. With the addition of LY294002, expressions of bone resorption-related factors (TRAP, NFATc1) and bone formation-related factors (BMP-2, Runx2) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Under the inflammatory environment induced by LPS, PI3K participates in the occurrence and development of chronic apical periodontitis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiNa Wang
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - DongMei Shi
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Puyang City, Puyang, Henan Province, China
| | - CaiHui Yang
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - WeiDong Niu
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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Lauridsen K, Ly A, Prévost ED, McNulty C, McGovern DJ, Tay JW, Dragavon J, Root DH. A Semi-Automated Workflow for Brain Slice Histology Alignment, Registration, and Cell Quantification (SHARCQ). eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0483-21.2022. [PMID: 35396257 PMCID: PMC9034756 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0483-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools for refined cell-specific targeting have significantly contributed to understanding the characteristics and dynamics of distinct cellular populations by brain region. While advanced cell-labeling methods have accelerated the field of neuroscience, specifically in brain mapping, there remains a need to quantify and analyze the data. Here, by modifying a toolkit that localizes electrodes to brain regions (SHARP-Track; Slice Histology Alignment, Registration, and Probe-Track analysis), we introduce a post-imaging analysis tool to map histological images to established mouse brain atlases called SHARCQ (Slice Histology Alignment, Registration, and Cell Quantification). The program requires MATLAB, histological images, and either a manual or automatic cell count of the unprocessed images. SHARCQ simplifies the post-imaging analysis pipeline with a step-by-step GUI. We demonstrate that SHARCQ can be applied for a variety of mouse brain images, regardless of histology technique. In addition, SHARCQ rectifies discrepancies in mouse brain region borders between atlases by allowing the user to select between the Allen Brain Atlas or the digitized and modified Franklin-Paxinos Atlas for quantifying cell counts by region. SHARCQ produces quantitative and qualitative data, including counts of brain-wide region populations and a 3D model of registered cells within the atlas space. In summary, SHARCQ was designed as a neuroscience post-imaging analysis tool for cell-to-brain registration and quantification with a simple, accessible interface. All code is open-source and available for download (https://github.com/wildrootlab/SHARCQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Lauridsen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Annie Ly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Emily D Prévost
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Connor McNulty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Dillon J McGovern
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Jian Wei Tay
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Joseph Dragavon
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - David H Root
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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10
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Ram AS, Matuszewska K, Petrik J, Singh A, Oblak ML. Quantitative and Semi-quantitative Methods for Assessing the Degree of Methylene Blue Staining in Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758295. [PMID: 34746290 PMCID: PMC8567073 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To develop a digital algorithm for quantitative assessment of surface methylene blue staining in whole lymph nodes and validate a semi-quantitative visual scoring method for patient-side use. Methods: Lymph nodes from canine patients with spontaneous tumors undergoing sentinel lymph node mapping were prospectively assessed ex vivo and photographed. Using an open-source computer-based imaging software, an algorithm was developed for quantification of staining based on a signal-to-background ratio. Next, two blinded observers evaluated images and assigned a semi-quantitative visual score based on surface staining (0—no blue stain, 1−1–50% stained, and 2−51–100% stained) and those results were compared to the established quantitative standard. Results: Forty-three lymph nodes were included. Image analysis successfully quantified blue staining and differentiated from normal lymph node tissue in all cases. Agreement between observers using the Kappa coefficient demonstrated strong agreement (k = 0.8581, p < 0.0001) between semi-quantitative visual scoring and image analysis. There was substantial interobserver and intraobserver agreement for the scoring system (k = 0.7340, p < 0.0001 and k = 0.8983, p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: A digital algorithm using an open-source software was simple and straightforward to use for quantification of blue staining. The use of a semi-quantitative visual scoring system shows promise for a simple, objective, repeatable assessment of methylene blue staining at the time of surgery. This study demonstrates reliable and repeatable methods for blue staining quantification thereby providing a novel and objective reporting mechanism in scientific research involving sentinel lymph node mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S Ram
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy Matuszewska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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11
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An Image Analysis Solution For Quantification and Determination of Immunohistochemistry Staining Reproducibility. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:428-436. [PMID: 31082827 PMCID: PMC7368846 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. With immunohistochemical (IHC) staining increasingly being used to guide clinical decisions, variability in staining quality and reproducibility are becoming essential factors in generating diagnoses using IHC tissue preparations. The current study tested a method to track and quantify the interrun, intrarun, and intersite variability of IHC staining intensity. Our hypothesis was that staining precision between laboratory sites, staining runs, and individual slides may be verified quantitatively, efficiently and effectively utilizing algorithm-based, automated image analysis. To investigate this premise, we tested the consistency of IHC staining in 40 routinely processed (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) human tissues using 10 common antibiomarker antibodies on 2 Dako Omnis instruments at 2 locations (Carpinteria, CA: 30 m above sea level and Longmont, CO: 1500 m above sea level) programmed with identical, default settings and sample pretreatments. Digital images of IHC-labeled sections produced by a whole slide scanner were analyzed by a simple commercially available algorithm and compared with a board-certified veterinary pathologist’s semiquantitative scoring of staining intensity. The image analysis output correlated well with pathology scores but had increased sensitivity for discriminating subtle variations and providing reproducible digital quantification across sites as well as within and among staining runs at the same site. Taken together, our data indicate that digital image analysis offers an objective and quantifiable means of verifying IHC staining parameters as a part of laboratory quality assurance systems.
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12
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Inhibition of Cancer Cell Adhesion, Migration and Proliferation by a Bispecific Antibody that Targets two Distinct Epitopes on αv Integrins. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167090. [PMID: 34090922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the αv family of integrins regulate activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and are directly involved in pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Thus, αv integrins may be therapeutic targets for fibrosis and cancer, yet the isolation of selective inhibitors is currently a challenge. We generated synthetic antibodies selective for αv integrins by phage display selections on cell lines that displayed integrin heterodimers. We identified antibodies that targeted two distinct epitopes on cell-surface αv integrins and partially inhibited cell adhesion mediated by interactions between integrins and the latency-associated peptide, part of the pro-form of TGFβ. Using the isolated antibody paratope sequences we engineered a bispecific antibody capable of binding to both epitopes simultaneously; this antibody potently and completely inhibited cell adhesion mediated by integrins αvβ1, αvβ3 and αvβ5. In addition, the bispecific antibody inhibited proliferation and migration of lung carcinoma lines, where the highest and lowest potencies observed correlated with integrin-αv cell surface expression levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate that phage display selections with live cells can yield high quality anti-integrin antibodies, which we used as biparatopic building blocks to construct a bispecific antibody that strongly inhibited integrin function and may be a therapeutic candidate for cancer and fibrosis.
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13
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Klaassen R, Steins A, Gurney‐Champion OJ, Bijlsma MF, van Tienhoven G, Engelbrecht MRW, van Eijck CHJ, Suker M, Wilmink JW, Besselink MG, Busch OR, de Boer OJ, van de Vijver MJ, Hooijer GKJ, Verheij J, Stoker J, Nederveen AJ, van Laarhoven HWM. Pathological validation and prognostic potential of quantitative MRI in the characterization of pancreas cancer: preliminary experience. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2176-2189. [PMID: 32285559 PMCID: PMC7463316 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient stratification based on biological variation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtypes could help to improve clinical outcome. However, noninvasive assessment of the entire tumor microenvironment remains challenging. In this study, we investigate the biological basis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and R2*-derived magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters for the noninvasive characterization of the PDAC tumor microenvironment and evaluate their prognostic potential in PDAC patients. Patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve resectable PDAC underwent MRI. After resection, a whole-mount tumor slice was analyzed for collagen fraction, vessel density, and hypoxia and matched to the MRI parameter maps. MRI parameters were correlated to immunohistochemistry-derived tissue characteristics and evaluated for prognostic potential. Thirty patients were included of whom 21 underwent resection with whole-mount histology available in 15 patients. DCE Ktrans and ve , ADC, and IVIM D correlated with collagen fraction. DCE kep and IVIM f correlated with vessel density and R2* with tissue hypoxia. Based on MRI, two main PDAC phenotypes could be distinguished; a stroma-high phenotype demonstrating high vessel density and high collagen fraction and a stroma-low phenotype demonstrating low vessel density and low collagen fraction. Patients with the stroma-high phenotype (high kep and high IVIM D, n = 8) showed longer overall survival (not reached vs. 14 months, P = 0.001, HR = 9.1, P = 0.004) and disease-free survival (not reached vs. 2 months, P < 0.001, HR 9.3, P = 0.003) compared to the other patients (n = 22). Median follow-up was 41 (95% CI: 36-46) months. MRI was able to accurately characterize tumor collagen fraction, vessel density, and hypoxia in PDAC. Based on imaging parameters, a subgroup of patients with significantly better prognosis could be identified. These first results indicate that stratification-based MRI-derived biomarkers could help to tailor treatment and improve clinical outcome and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Klaassen
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anne Steins
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Oliver J. Gurney‐Champion
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Geertjan van Tienhoven
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc R. W. Engelbrecht
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Mustafa Suker
- Department of SurgeryErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc G. Besselink
- Department of SurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier R. Busch
- Department of SurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Onno J. de Boer
- Department of PathologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc J. van de Vijver
- Department of PathologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit K. J. Hooijer
- Department of PathologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of PathologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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14
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Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Mikušová Z, Hlaváček A, Bouchalová P, Xu W, Bouchal P, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Surface design of photon-upconversion nanoparticles for high-contrast immunocytochemistry. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8303-8313. [PMID: 32236194 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) are routinely employed for the microscopic identification and diagnosis of cancerous cells in histological tissues and cell cultures. The maximally attainable contrast of conventional histological staining techniques, however, is low. While the anti-Stokes emission of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) can efficiently eliminate optical background interference, excluding non-specific interactions of the label with the histological sample is equally important for specific immunolabeling. To address both requirements, we have designed and characterized several UCNP-based nanoconjugates as labels for the highly specific detection of the cancer biomarker HER2 on various breast cancer cell lines. An optimized streptavidin-PEG-neridronate-UCNP conjugate provided an unsurpassed signal-to-background ratio of 319, which was 50-fold better than conventional fluorescent labeling under the same experimental conditions. In combination, the absence of optical interference and non-specific binding lays the foundation for computer-based data evaluation in digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Xiang DC, Yang JY, Xu YJ, Zhang S, Li M, Zhu C, Zhang CL, Liu D. Protective effect of Andrographolide on 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by regulating p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 252:117612. [PMID: 32247004 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intestinal mucositis is the most common side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) treatment in cancer patients. Previous research suggested that andrographolide (Andro) attenuated the intestinal injury in colitis or diarrhea in mice. The present study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of Andro against 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS BALB/C mice were injected 5-Fu at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 5 days to induce intestinal mucositis. Andro at different doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) was administered. Weight loss, diarrhea score, cellular apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated. Apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Then, NCM460 cells were used to explore the possible mechanism in vitro. The effect of Andro on the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-Fu was investigated in H22 tumor-bearing mice. KEY FINDINGS Andro significantly ameliorated the 5-Fu induced weight loss and diarrhea. The apoptosis of intestinal cells was also attenuated by Andro treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, Andro markedly down-regulated the 5-Fu-induced protein expression of caspase8/3, Bax and the phosphorylation of p38. Moreover, 5-Fu significantly reduced the viability of NCM460 cells, which was restored by the Andro pretreatment. Furthermore, asiatic acid, an agonist of p38 MAPK, reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of Andro in NCM460 cells. Andro did not weaken the anti-H22 tumor effect of 5-Fu in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE We have demonstrated that p38 MAPK inhibition mediates anti-apoptotic effects of Andro against 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis, suggesting that Andro may benefit the patients undergoing 5-Fu based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Chun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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16
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Hu M, Wu X, Luo M, Wei H, Xu D, Xu F. Lactobacillus rhamnosus FLRH93 protects against intestinal damage in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5003-5018. [PMID: 32229117 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of cancer but it has toxic side effects. It can induce severe intestinal damage and even lead to death. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus FLRH93 could alleviate intestinal damage induced by 5-FU. The results of injury intervention in a mouse model showed that milk fermented with Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 significantly ameliorated intestinal injury caused by 5-FU. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that mice fed Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 preserved the villus/crypt ratio and reduced the loss of goblet cells in ileum sections of 5-FU-treated animal. Further, administration of fermented milk upregulated expression of Bcl-2 in the intestinal tract and downregulated the expression of NLRP3, thus reducing the production of inflammatory factors interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α. The survival rate of mice treated with fermented milk was twice that of mice not fed fermented milk after continuous oral administration of 5-FU. In conclusion, Lb. rhamnosus FLRH93 has positive effects on body injury and could be used to prevent intestinal damage caused by cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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17
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Morriss NJ, Conley GM, Ospina SM, Meehan III WP, Qiu J, Mannix R. Automated Quantification of Immunohistochemical Staining of Large Animal Brain Tissue Using QuPath Software. Neuroscience 2020; 429:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Sun D, Luo T, Dong P, Zhang N, Chen J, Zhang S, Liu L, Dong L, Zhang S. CD86 +/CD206 + tumor-associated macrophages predict prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8458. [PMID: 32002338 PMCID: PMC6982414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the main cellular ingredients of tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in tumor development and progression. Recent studies have suggested that TAMs are sensitive and specific prognostic factors in numerous cancers. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic significance of TAMs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were performed in tissue microarrays containing 322 patients, who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed with ICC. The prognostic value of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank test) and nomogram models. Results We demonstrated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model was an independent prognostic index for ICC patients. Patients with low CD86+ TAMs and high CD206+ TAMs infiltration had a markedly worse prognosis and increased risk of post-operative recurrence when compared to high CD86+ TAMs and low CD206+ TAMs intratumoral infiltration. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model predicted prognosis of ICC patients more powerfully than single macrophage immunomarker. Interestingly, the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model could further distinguish prognosis of CA-199 negative ICC patients, who were generally presumed to have a more favorable outcome. In order to further perfect the prognostic value of the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model, we constructed and validated a postoperative nomogram to predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival time in ICC patients. Conclusions These findings indicate that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model possess potential value as a novel prognostic indicator for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ningping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Longzi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dolma K, Freeman AE, Rezonzew G, Payne GA, Xu X, Jilling T, Blalock JE, Gaggar A, Ambalavanan N, Lal CV. Effects of hyperoxia on alveolar and pulmonary vascular development in germ-free mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L421-L428. [PMID: 31644312 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway microbial dysbiosis is associated with subsequent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development in very preterm infants. However, the relationship of airway microbiome in normal pulmonary development has not been defined. To better understand the role of the airway microbiome, we compared normal and abnormal alveolar and pulmonary vascular development in mice with or without a microbiome. We hypothesized that the lungs of germ-free (GF) mice would have an exaggerated phenotypic response to hyperoxia compared with non-germ-free (NGF) mice. With the use of a novel gnotobiotic hyperoxia chamber, GF and NGF mice were exposed to either normoxia or hyperoxia. Alveolar morphometry, pulmonary mechanics, echocardiograms, inflammatory markers, and measures of pulmonary hypertension were studied. GF and NGF mice in normoxia showed no difference, whereas GF mice in hyperoxia showed protected lung structure and mechanics and decreased markers of inflammation compared with NGF mice. We speculate that an increase in abundance of pathogenic bacteria in NGF mice may play a role in BPD pathogenesis by regulating the proinflammatory signaling and neutrophilic inflammation in lungs. Manipulation of the airway microbiome may be a potential therapeutic intervention in BPD and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsang Dolma
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Amelia E Freeman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gabriel Rezonzew
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gregory A Payne
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xin Xu
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charitharth Vivek Lal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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20
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Geread RS, Morreale P, Dony RD, Brouwer E, Wood GA, Androutsos D, Khademi A. IHC Color Histograms for Unsupervised Ki67 Proliferation Index Calculation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:226. [PMID: 31632956 PMCID: PMC6779686 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated image analysis tools for Ki67 breast cancer digital pathology images would have significant value if integrated into diagnostic pathology workflows. Such tools would reduce the workload of pathologists, while improving efficiency, and accuracy. Developing tools that are robust and reliable to multicentre data is challenging, however, differences in staining protocols, digitization equipment, staining compounds, and slide preparation can create variabilities in image quality and color across digital pathology datasets. In this work, a novel unsupervised color separation framework based on the IHC color histogram (IHCCH) is proposed for the robust analysis of Ki67 and hematoxylin stained images in multicentre datasets. An "overstaining" threshold is implemented to adjust for background overstaining, and an automated nuclei radius estimator is designed to improve nuclei detection. Proliferation index and F1 scores were compared between the proposed method and manually labeled ground truth data for 30 TMA cores that have ground truths for Ki67+ and Ki67- nuclei. The method accurately quantified the PI over the dataset, with an average proliferation index difference of 3.25%. To ensure the method generalizes to new, diverse datasets, 50 Ki67 TMAs from the Protein Atlas were used to test the validated approach. As the ground truth for this dataset is PI ranges, the automated result was compared to the PI range. The proposed method correctly classified 74 out of 80 TMA images, resulting in a 92.5% accuracy. In addition to these validations experiments, performance was compared to two color-deconvolution based methods, and to six machine learning classifiers. In all cases, the proposed work maintained more consistent (reproducible) results, and higher PI quantification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana S Geread
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Morreale
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D Dony
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Brouwer
- Ontario Veterinarian College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Ontario Veterinarian College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - April Khademi
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Complement C3 Is Activated in Human AD Brain and Is Required for Neurodegeneration in Mouse Models of Amyloidosis and Tauopathy. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2111-2123.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Alves ADF, Baldissera VD, Chiela ECF, Cerski CTS, Fontes PRO, Fernandes MDC, Porawski M, Giovenardi M. Altered expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2019; 111:364-370. [PMID: 30810331 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.5898/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of cancer related with inflammation, as 90% of cases develop in a chronic inflammation condition. Excess inflammation can affect tissue homeostasis. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators are immunological components that can influence the functioning of cells and tissues. In addition, the estrogen receptor appears to play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers and ER in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS data from 143 patients of ISCMPA were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and ER in paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue. The percentage of the stained area, intensity of staining and of the number of ER positive nuclei were evaluated using the ImageJ 1.50 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the percentage of marked area (p = 0.040) for COX-2 and the intensity of staining of TNF-α (p = 0.030). No significant differences were observed in any of other parameters evaluated. In conclusion, COX-2 and TNF-α are possible markers that should be further studied to determine their immunohistochemical profile and role in HCC development.
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5-Fluorouracil Induces Enteric Neuron Death and Glial Activation During Intestinal Mucositis via a S100B-RAGE-NFκB-Dependent Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:665. [PMID: 30679569 PMCID: PMC6345953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent whose main side effects include intestinal mucositis associated with intestinal motility alterations maybe due to an effect on the enteric nervous system (ENS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we used an animal model to investigate the participation of the S100B/RAGE/NFκB pathway in intestinal mucositis and enteric neurotoxicity caused by 5-FU (450 mg/kg, IP, single dose). 5-FU induced intestinal damage observed by shortened villi, loss of crypt architecture and intense inflammatory cell infiltrate as well as increased GFAP and S100B co-expression and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine. Furthermore, 5-FU increased RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons, associated with a significant increase in the nitrite/nitrate, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, iNOS expression and MDA accumulation in the small intestine. We provide evidence that 5-FU induces reactive gliosis and reduction of enteric neurons in a S100B/RAGE/NFκB-dependent manner, since pentamidine, a S100B inhibitor, prevented 5-FU-induced neuronal loss, enteric glia activation, intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and histological injury.
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Mouelhi A, Rmili H, Ali JB, Sayadi M, Doghri R, Mrad K. Fast unsupervised nuclear segmentation and classification scheme for automatic allred cancer scoring in immunohistochemical breast tissue images. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 165:37-51. [PMID: 30337080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This paper presents an improved scheme able to perform accurate segmentation and classification of cancer nuclei in immunohistochemical (IHC) breast tissue images in order to provide quantitative evaluation of estrogen or progesterone (ER/PR) receptor status that will assist pathologists in cancer diagnostic process. METHODS The proposed segmentation method is based on adaptive local thresholding and an enhanced morphological procedure, which are applied to extract all stained nuclei regions and to split overlapping nuclei. In fact, a new segmentation approach is presented here for cell nuclei detection from the IHC image using a modified Laplacian filter and an improved watershed algorithm. Stromal cells are then removed from the segmented image using an adaptive criterion in order to get fast tumor nuclei recognition. Finally, unsupervised classification of cancer nuclei is obtained by the combination of four common color separation techniques for a subsequent Allred cancer scoring. RESULTS Experimental results on various IHC tissue images of different cancer affected patients, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme when compared to the manual scoring of pathological experts. A statistical analysis is performed on the whole image database between immuno-score of manual and automatic method, and compared with the scores that have reached using other state-of-art segmentation and classification strategies. According to the performance evaluation, we recorded more than 98% for both accuracy of detected nuclei and image cancer scoring over the truths provided by experienced pathologists which shows the best correlation with the expert's score (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.993, p-value < 0.005) and the lowest computational total time of 72.3 s/image (±1.9) compared to recent studied methods. CONCLUSIONS The proposed scheme can be easily applied for any histopathological diagnostic process that needs stained nuclear quantification and cancer grading. Moreover, the reduced processing time and manual interactions of our procedure can facilitate its implementation in a real-time device to construct a fully online evaluation system of IHC tissue images.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/classification
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/statistics & numerical data
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Immunohistochemistry/statistics & numerical data
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Staining and Labeling
- Unsupervised Machine Learning
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Mouelhi
- University of Tunis, ENSIT, LR13ES03 SIME, Montfleury 1008, Tunisia.
| | - Hana Rmili
- University of Tunis El-Manar, ISTMT, Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunisia.
| | - Jaouher Ben Ali
- University of Tunis, ENSIT, LR13ES03 SIME, Montfleury 1008, Tunisia; FEMTO-ST Institute, AS2M department, UMR CNRS 6174 - UFC / ENSMM /UTBM, Besançon 25000, France.
| | - Mounir Sayadi
- University of Tunis, ENSIT, LR13ES03 SIME, Montfleury 1008, Tunisia.
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology, Morbid Anatomy Service, bd du 9 avril, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Karima Mrad
- Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology, Morbid Anatomy Service, bd du 9 avril, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
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Ribeiro MR, Moreli JB, Marques RE, Papa MP, Meuren LM, Rahal P, de Arruda LB, Oliani AH, Oliani DCMV, Oliani SM, Narayanan A, Nogueira ML. Zika-virus-infected human full-term placental explants display pro-inflammatory responses and undergo apoptosis. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2687-2699. [PMID: 29876782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that has been highly correlated with the development of neurological disorders and other malformations in newborns and stillborn fetuses after congenital infection. This association is supported by the presence of ZIKV in the fetal brain and amniotic fluid, and findings suggest that infection of the placental barrier is a critical step for fetal ZIKV infection in utero. Therefore, relevant models to investigate the interaction between ZIKV and placental tissues are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of Zika syndrome. In this report, we demonstrate that explant tissue from full-term human placentas sustains a productive ZIKV infection, though the results depend on the strain. Viral infection was found to be associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis of the infected tissue, and these findings confirm that placental explants are targets of ZIKV replication. We propose that human placental explants are useful as a model for studying ZIKV infection ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Paulo de Góes Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Helio Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Cristina Mós Vaz Oliani
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Department of Biology, School of Biosciences, Humanities and the Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatological, Infectious, and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Neuroprotective effects of pretreatment with minocycline on memory impairment following cerebral ischemia in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:214-222. [PMID: 28257293 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia leads to memory impairment that is associated with loss of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion damage. Minocycline has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of minocycline in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups: control, sham, and minocycline-pretreated group. Minocycline (40 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately before surgery, and then ischemia was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 20 min. Seven days after reperfusion, the Morris water-maze task was used to evaluate memory. Nissl staining was also performed to analyze pyramidal cell damage. We measured the contents of malondialdehyde and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus by the thiobarbituric acid method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Microglial activation was also investigated by Iba1 immunostaining. The results showed that pretreatment with minocycline prevented memory impairment induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Minocycline pretreatment also significantly attenuated ischemia-induced pyramidal cell death and microglial activation in the CA1 region and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the hippocampus of ischemic rats. Minocycline showed neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia-induced memory deficit probably through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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27
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CD8+ T cell infiltration in breast and colon cancer: A histologic and statistical analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190158. [PMID: 29320521 PMCID: PMC5761898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has demonstrated prognostic value in multiple tumor types. In particular, CD8 counts (in combination with CD3 and CD45RO) have been shown to be superior to traditional UICC staging in colon cancer patients and higher total CD8 counts have been associated with better survival in breast cancer patients. However, immune infiltrate heterogeneity can lead to potentially significant misrepresentations of marker prevalence in routine histologic sections. We examined step sections of breast and colorectal cancer samples for CD8+ T cell prevalence by standard chromogenic immunohistochemistry to determine marker variability and inform practice of T cell biomarker assessment in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Stained sections were digitally imaged and CD8+ lymphocytes within defined regions of interest (ROI) including the tumor and surrounding stroma were enumerated. Statistical analyses of CD8+ cell count variability using a linear model/ANOVA framework between patients as well as between levels within a patient sample were performed. Our results show that CD8+ T-cell distribution is highly homogeneous within a standard tissue sample in both colorectal and breast carcinomas. As such, cytotoxic T cell prevalence by immunohistochemistry on a single level or even from a subsample of biopsy fragments taken from that level can be considered representative of cytotoxic T cell infiltration for the entire tumor section within the block. These findings support the technical validity of biomarker strategies relying on CD8 immunohistochemistry.
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Perlecan expression influences the keratin 15-positive cell population fate in the epidermis of aging skin. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:751-68. [PMID: 26996820 PMCID: PMC4925826 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is continuously renewed by stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Basal keratinocytes append the dermal‐epidermal junction, a cell surface‐associated, extracellular matrix that provides structural support and influences their behaviour. It consists of laminins, type IV collagen, nidogens, and perlecan, which are necessary for tissue organization and structural integrity. Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan known to be involved in keratinocyte survival and differentiation. Aging affects the dermal epidermal junction resulting in decreased contact with keratinocytes, thus impacting epidermal renewal and homeostasis. We found that perlecan expression decreased during chronological skin aging. Our in vitro studies revealed reduced perlecan transcript levels in aged keratinocytes. The production of in vitro skin models revealed that aged keratinocytes formed a thin and poorly organized epidermis. Supplementing these models with purified perlecan reversed the phenomenon allowing restoration of a well‐differentiated multi‐layered epithelium. Perlecan down‐regulation in cultured keratinocytes caused depletion of the cell population that expressed keratin 15. This phenomenon depended on the perlecan heparan sulphate moieties, which suggested the involvement of a growth factor. Finally, we found defects in keratin 15 expression in the epidermis of aging skin. This study highlighted a new role for perlecan in maintaining the self‐renewal capacity of basal keratinocytes.
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Merchant M, Moffat J, Schaefer G, Chan J, Wang X, Orr C, Cheng J, Hunsaker T, Shao L, Wang SJ, Wagle MC, Lin E, Haverty PM, Shahidi-Latham S, Ngu H, Solon M, Eastham-Anderson J, Koeppen H, Huang SMA, Schwarz J, Belvin M, Kirouac D, Junttila MR. Combined MEK and ERK inhibition overcomes therapy-mediated pathway reactivation in RAS mutant tumors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185862. [PMID: 28982154 PMCID: PMC5628883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway dysregulation is implicated in >30% of all cancers, rationalizing the development of RAF, MEK and ERK inhibitors. While BRAF and MEK inhibitors improve BRAF mutant melanoma patient outcomes, these inhibitors had limited success in other MAPK dysregulated tumors, with insufficient pathway suppression and likely pathway reactivation. In this study we show that inhibition of either MEK or ERK alone only transiently inhibits the MAPK pathway due to feedback reactivation. Simultaneous targeting of both MEK and ERK nodes results in deeper and more durable suppression of MAPK signaling that is not achievable with any dose of single agent, in tumors where feedback reactivation occurs. Strikingly, combined MEK and ERK inhibition is synergistic in RAS mutant models but only additive in BRAF mutant models where the RAF complex is dissociated from RAS and thus feedback productivity is disabled. We discovered that pathway reactivation in RAS mutant models occurs at the level of CRAF with combination treatment resulting in a markedly more active pool of CRAF. However, distinct from single node targeting, combining MEK and ERK inhibitor treatment effectively blocks the downstream signaling as assessed by transcriptional signatures and phospho-p90RSK. Importantly, these data reveal that MAPK pathway inhibitors whose activity is attenuated due to feedback reactivation can be rescued with sufficient inhibition by using a combination of MEK and ERK inhibitors. The MEK and ERK combination significantly suppresses MAPK pathway output and tumor growth in vivo to a greater extent than the maximum tolerated doses of single agents, and results in improved anti-tumor activity in multiple xenografts as well as in two Kras mutant genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. Collectively, these data demonstrate that combined MEK and ERK inhibition is functionally unique, yielding greater than additive anti-tumor effects and elucidates a highly effective combination strategy in MAPK-dependent cancer, such as KRAS mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John Moffat
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Schaefer
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Chan
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Orr
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Cheng
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hunsaker
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lily Shao
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marie-Claire Wagle
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheerin Shahidi-Latham
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret Solon
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Eastham-Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shih-Min A. Huang
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Schwarz
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcia Belvin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kirouac
- Department of Pre-clinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa R. Junttila
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Tatmatsu-Rocha JC, de Castro CA, Sene-Fiorese M, Parizotto NA. Light-emitting diode modulates carbohydrate metabolism by pancreatic duct regeneration. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1747-1755. [PMID: 28577185 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abas FS, Shana’ah A, Christian B, Hasserjian R, Louissaint A, Pennell M, Sahiner B, Chen W, Niazi MKK, Lozanski G, Gurcan M. Computer-assisted quantification of CD3+ T cells in follicular lymphoma. Cytometry A 2017; 91:609-621. [PMID: 28110507 PMCID: PMC10680104 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The advance of high resolution digital scans of pathology slides allowed development of computer based image analysis algorithms that may help pathologists in IHC stains quantification. While very promising, these methods require further refinement before they are implemented in routine clinical setting. Particularly critical is to evaluate algorithm performance in a setting similar to current clinical practice. In this article, we present a pilot study that evaluates the use of a computerized cell quantification method in the clinical estimation of CD3 positive (CD3+) T cells in follicular lymphoma (FL). Our goal is to demonstrate the degree to which computerized quantification is comparable to the practice of estimation by a panel of expert pathologists. The computerized quantification method uses entropy based histogram thresholding to separate brown (CD3+) and blue (CD3-) regions after a color space transformation. A panel of four board-certified hematopathologists evaluated a database of 20 FL images using two different reading methods: visual estimation and manual marking of each CD3+ cell in the images. These image data and the readings provided a reference standard and the range of variability among readers. Sensitivity and specificity measures of the computer's segmentation of CD3+ and CD- T cell are recorded. For all four pathologists, mean sensitivity and specificity measures are 90.97 and 88.38%, respectively. The computerized quantification method agrees more with the manual cell marking as compared to the visual estimations. Statistical comparison between the computerized quantification method and the pathologist readings demonstrated good agreement with correlation coefficient values of 0.81 and 0.96 in terms of Lin's concordance correlation and Spearman's correlation coefficient, respectively. These values are higher than most of those calculated among the pathologists. In the future, the computerized quantification method may be used to investigate the relationship between the overall architectural pattern (i.e., interfollicular vs. follicular) and outcome measures (e.g., overall survival, and time to treatment). © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazly S. Abas
- Center for e-Health, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Arwa Shana’ah
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Beth Christian
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Hasserjian
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abner Louissaint
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Pennell
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Berkman Sahiner
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Weijie Chen
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Metin Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Mice deficient in NRROS show abnormal microglial development and neurological disorders. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:633-641. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramani M, van Groen T, Kadish I, Ambalavanan N, McMahon LL. Vitamin A and retinoic acid combination attenuates neonatal hyperoxia-induced neurobehavioral impairment in adult mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:209-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Veruva SY, Lanman TH, Isaza JE, Freeman TA, Kurtz SM, Steinbeck MJ. Periprosthetic UHMWPE Wear Debris Induces Inflammation, Vascularization, and Innervation After Total Disc Replacement in the Lumbar Spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:1369-1381. [PMID: 27488379 PMCID: PMC5384906 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-4996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology and mechanisms driving the generation of unintended pain after total disc replacement (TDR) remain unexplored. Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris from TDRs is known to induce inflammation, which may result in pain. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to determine whether (1) periprosthetic UHMWPE wear debris induces immune responses that lead to the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1ß, the vascularization factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGFbb), and the innervation/pain factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P; (2) the number of macrophages is associated with the production of the aforementioned factors; (3) the wear debris-induced inflammatory pathogenesis involves an increase in vascularization and associated innervation. METHODS Periprosthetic tissues from our collection of 11 patients with contemporary TDRs were evaluated using polarized light microscopy to quantify UHMWPE wear particles. The major reason for revision (mean implantation time of 3 years [range, 1-6 years]) was pain. For control subjects, biopsy samples from four patients with degenerative disc disease with severe pain and autopsy samples from three normal patients with no history of back pain were also investigated. Immunohistochemistry and histology were used to identify secretory factors, macrophages, and blood vessels. Immunostained serial sections were imaged at ×200 magnification and using MATLAB and NIH ImageJ, a threshold was determined for each factor and used to quantify positive staining normalized to tissue sectional area. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare results from different patient groups, whereas the Spearman Rho test was used to determine correlations. Significance was based on p < 0.05. RESULTS The mean percent area of all six inflammatory, vascularization, and innervation factors was higher in TDR tissues when compared with normal disc tissues. Based on nonparametric data analysis, those factors showing the most significant increase included TNFα (5.17 ± 1.76 versus 0.05 ± 0.03, p = 0.02), VEGF (3.02 ± 1.01 versus 0.02 ± 0.002, p = 0.02), and substance P (4.15 ± 1.01 versus 0.08 ± 0.04, p = 0.02). The mean percent area for IL-1ß (2.41 ± 0.66 versus 0.13 ± 0.13, p = 0.01), VEGF (3.02 ± 1.01 versus 0.34 ± 0.29, p = 0.04), and substance P (4.15 ± 1.01 versus 1.05 ± 0.46, p = 0.01) was also higher in TDR tissues when compared with disc tissues from patients with painful degenerative disc disease. Five of the factors, TNFα, IL-1ß, VEGF, NGF, and substance P, strongly correlated with the number of wear particles, macrophages, and blood vessels. The most notable correlations included TNFα with wear particles (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.63), VEGF with macrophages (p = 0.001, ρ = 0.71), and NGF with blood vessels (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.70). Of particular significance, the expression of PDGFbb, NGF, and substance P was predominantly localized to blood vessels/nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate wear debris-induced inflammatory reactions can be linked to enhanced vascularization and associated innervation/pain factor production at periprosthetic sites around TDRs. Elucidating the pathogenesis of inflammatory particle disease will provide information needed to identify potential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies to mitigate pain and potentially avoid revision surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Y Veruva
- Implant Research Center, Drexel University, 3401 Market Street, Suite 345, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd H Lanman
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Theresa A Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Center, Drexel University, 3401 Market Street, Suite 345, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Exponent, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marla J Steinbeck
- Implant Research Center, Drexel University, 3401 Market Street, Suite 345, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Naderi Y, Sabetkasaei M, Parvardeh S, Zanjani TM. Neuroprotective effect of minocycline on cognitive impairments induced by transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in male rat. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:207-213. [PMID: 28454931 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory deficit is the most visible symptom of cerebral ischemia that is associated with loss of pyramidal cells in CA1 region of the hippocampus. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline derived antibiotic, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated the neuroprotective effect of minocycline on memory deficit induced by cerebral I/R in rat. I/R was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 20min. Minocycline (40mg/kg, i.p.) was administered once daily for 7days after I/R. Learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Nissl staining was used to evaluate the viability of CA1 pyramidal cells. The effects of minocycline on the microglial activation was also investigated by Iba1 (Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1) immunostaining. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the hippocampus were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction substances method and ELISA, respectively. Minocycline reduced the increase in escape latency time and in swimming path length induced by cerebral I/R. Furthermore, the ischemia-induced reduction in time spent in the target quadrant during the probe trial was increased by treatment with minocycline. Histopathological results indicated that minocycline prevented pyramidal cells death and microglial activation induced by I/R. Minocycline also reduced the levels of MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus in rats subjected to I/R. Minocycline has neuroprotective effects on memory deficit induced by cerebral I/R in rat, probably via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sabetkasaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Moini Zanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nogueira LT, Costa DVS, Gomes AS, Martins CS, Silva AMHP, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Castelucci P, Lima-Júnior RCP, Leitão RFC, Moura-Neto V, Brito GAC. The involvement of mast cells in the irinotecan-induced enteric neurons loss and reactive gliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 28388962 PMCID: PMC5384042 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The irinotecan (CPT-11) causes intestinal mucositis and diarrhea that may be related to changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In inflammatory condition, mast cells release a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that can interact with the ENS cells. It has not been explored whether CPT-11 is able to alter the enteric glial and neuronal cell, and the role of mast cells in this effect. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of CPT-11 on the enteric glial and neuronal cells, as well as to study the role of mast cells in the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods Intestinal mucositis was induced in Swiss mice by the injection of CPT-11 (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 4 days following by euthanasia on the fifth day. To investigate the role of mast cells, the mice were pretreated with compound 48/80 for 4 days (first day, 0.6 mg/kg; second day, 1.0 mg/kg; third day, 1.2 mg/kg; fourth day, 2.4 mg/kg) to induce mast cell degranulation before the CPT-11 treatment. Results Here, we show that CPT-11 increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β gene and S100β protein expressions and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine segments. Concomitantly, CPT-11 enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, associated with an increase in the total number macrophages (positive cells for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule, Iba-1) and degranulated mast cells in the small intestine segments and caused significant weight loss. The pretreatment with compound 48/80, an inductor of mast cells degranulation, significantly prevented these CPT-11-induced effects. Conclusions Our data suggests the participation of mast cells on the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis, macrophages activation, enteric reactive gliosis, and neuron loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila T Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Antoniella S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Angeline M H P Silva
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil.
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Poobalasingam T, Yates LL, Walker SA, Pereira M, Gross NY, Ali A, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Jarvelin MR, Pekkanen J, Papakrivopoulou E, Long DA, Griffiths M, Wagner D, Königshoff M, Hind M, Minelli C, Lloyd CM, Dean CH. Heterozygous Vangl2Looptail mice reveal novel roles for the planar cell polarity pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:409-423. [PMID: 28237967 PMCID: PMC5399569 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases impose a huge economic and health burden worldwide. A key aspect of several adult lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema, is aberrant tissue repair, which leads to an accumulation of damage and impaired respiratory function. Currently, there are few effective treatments available for these diseases and their incidence is rising. The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for the embryonic development of many organs, including kidney and lung. We have previously shown that perturbation of the PCP pathway impairs tissue morphogenesis, which disrupts the number and shape of epithelial tubes formed within these organs during embryogenesis. However, very little is known about the role of the PCP pathway beyond birth, partly because of the perinatal lethality of many PCP mouse mutant lines. Here, we investigate heterozygous Looptail (Lp) mice, in which a single copy of the core PCP gene, Vangl2, is disrupted. We show that these mice are viable but display severe airspace enlargement and impaired adult lung function. Underlying these defects, we find that Vangl2Lp/+ lungs exhibit altered distribution of actin microfilaments and abnormal regulation of the actin-modifying protein cofilin. In addition, we show that Vangl2Lp/+ lungs exhibit many of the hallmarks of tissue damage, including an altered macrophage population, abnormal elastin deposition and elevated levels of the elastin-modifying enzyme, Mmp12, all of which are observed in emphysema. In vitro, disruption of VANGL2 impairs directed cell migration and reduces the rate of repair following scratch wounding of human alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, using population data from a birth cohort of young adults, all aged 31, we found evidence of an interactive effect between VANGL2 and smoking on lung function. Finally, we show that PCP genes VANGL2 and SCRIB are significantly downregulated in lung tissue from patients with emphysema. Our data reveal an important novel role for the PCP pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair and shed new light on the genetic factors which may modify destructive lung diseases such as emphysema. Summary: Manipulating the PCP pathway may provide new approaches to treat damaged lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanushiyan Poobalasingam
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura L Yates
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miguel Pereira
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Nina Y Gross
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Akmol Ali
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014 Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O. Box 20, Oulu FI-90220, Finland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Living Environment and Health Unit, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Darcy Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Matthew Hind
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London SW3 6NP, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK .,Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Didcot OX11 0RD, UK
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Ingaramo PI, Varayoud J, Milesi MM, Schimpf MG, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH. Effects of neonatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on female rat reproduction. Reproduction 2016; 152:403-15. [PMID: 27486271 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether neonatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) alters the reproductive performance and the molecular mechanisms involved in the decidualization process in adult rats. Newborn female rats received vehicle or 2 mg/kg/day of a GBH on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, 5 and 7. On PND90, the rats were mated to evaluate (i) the reproductive performance on gestational day (GD) 19 and (ii) the ovarian steroid levels, uterine morphology, endometrial cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulators, and endocrine pathways that regulate uterine decidualization (steroid receptors/COUP-TFII/Bmp2/Hoxa10) at the implantation sites (IS) on GD9. The GBH-exposed group showed a significant increase in the number of resorption sites on GD19, associated with an altered decidualization response. In fact, on GD9, the GBH-treated rats showed morphological changes at the IS, associated with a decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, a downregulation of COUP-TFII (Nr2f2) and Bmp2 mRNA and an increased expression of HOXA10 and the proliferation marker Ki67(Mki67) at the IS. We concluded that alterations in endometrial decidualization might be the mechanism of GBH-induced post-implantation embryo loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola I Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marlise Guerrero Schimpf
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL)Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Junttila MR, Mao W, Wang X, Wang BE, Pham T, Flygare J, Yu SF, Yee S, Goldenberg D, Fields C, Eastham-Anderson J, Singh M, Vij R, Hongo JA, Firestein R, Schutten M, Flagella K, Polakis P, Polson AG. Targeting LGR5+ cells with an antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of colon cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:314ra186. [PMID: 26582901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to actively maintain tumors similarly to how their normal counterparts replenish differentiated cell types within tissues, making them an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Because most CSC markers also label normal tissue stem cells, it is unclear how to selectively target them without compromising normal tissue homeostasis. We evaluated a strategy that targets the cell surface leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a well-characterized tissue stem cell and CSC marker, with an antibody conjugated to distinct cytotoxic drugs. One antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) demonstrated potent tumor efficacy and safety in vivo. Furthermore, the ADC decreased tumor size and proliferation, translating to improved survival in a genetically engineered model of intestinal tumorigenesis. These data demonstrate that ADCs can be leveraged to exploit differences between normal and cancer stem cells to successfully target gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Junttila
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Weiguang Mao
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bu-Er Wang
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thinh Pham
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Flygare
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sharon Yee
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David Goldenberg
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Carter Fields
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Mallika Singh
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajesh Vij
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jo-Anne Hongo
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melissa Schutten
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Flagella
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul Polakis
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Chen Y, Zheng H, Zhang J, Wang L, Jin Z, Gao W. Protective effect and potential mechanisms of Wei-Chang-An pill on high-dose 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:200-211. [PMID: 27240747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese pharmaceutical preparation, possessed potential anti-inflammatory advantages and noteworthy gastrointestinal regulations in digestive diseases, which might represent a promising candidate for the treatment of intestinal mucositis (IM) induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). AIM OF THE STUDY To analyze the bioactive constituents and investigate the effect of methanol extraction from WCA pill (WCA ext) on 5-FU induced IM with underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analysis of serum bioactive constituents after WCA ext administration in rats was carried out by UHPLC-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry. In mice, IM was induced by 5-FU and physical manifestations were measured during the period of drug delivery. Half of mice were assessed with histology, expression of inflammatory cytokines in ileum and plasma via hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining as well as cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, respectively. Besides, gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT) were further tested in the other half of 5-FU induced mice. RESULTS Twenty-two compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. IM induced by 5-FU was improved significantly after treatment with WCA ext through reducing the body weight loss, relieving the severe diarrhea, and inhibiting the GE as well as GIT. Further assessments validated that WCA ext promoted the recovery of intestinal mucosa, evaluated the activity of enterocyte proliferation, maintained the integrity of tight junction, and ameliorated the inflammatory disturbances. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that WCA ext promoted the restoration of intestinal function in 5-FU-induced IM via regulating multiple sites of actions in intestinal homeostasis. Accordingly, WCA pill might be a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention of IM during cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Special Drugs R & D Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Jin
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Téllez-Bañuelos MC, Haramati J, Franco-Topete K, Peregrina-Sandoval J, Franco-Topete R, Zaitseva GP. Chronic exposure to endosulfan induces inflammation in murine colon via β-catenin expression and IL-6 production. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:842-849. [PMID: 27494533 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1206998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosulfan (ENDO) is a widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticide and persistent organo-pollutant. Epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of OC exposure were related to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate histological changes in the colon, as well as in in situ expression of β-catenin and P-selectin, and serum levels of select pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice administered ENDO; there is a relationship between increased serum IL-6 and P-selectin levels in CRC patients and aberrant β-catenin signaling is important in initiation/maintenance of most CRCs. Mice were exposed to ENDO (at dose < LD50) orally once a week for up to 24 weeks, and monitored (inclusive) for a total of 42 weeks. The experiment was comprised of three groups, one that did not receive ENDO (olive oil vehicle), one administered 2 mg ENDO/kg/week and a positive control (for induction of CRC) given a weekly 20 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)/kg injection. The results indicated that oral administration of ENDO provoked moderate inflammation starting at six weeks, and severe colonic inflammation with an appearance of dysplastic formations (aberrant crypts) in mice treated with ENDO (or DMH) for 12 weeks or longer. Serum IL-6 levels significantly increased starting at six weeks and rose to a peak of 15-fold higher than in controls at 42 weeks; TNFα levels likewise significantly increased, with a later peak (≈four-fold higher than controls) at 30-42 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis of the colon also showed that expression of β-catenin and P-selectin increased with length of exposure to ENDO. Taken together, the results indicate that continued repeated oral exposure to ENDO induces increased expression of β-catenin and P-selectin, inflammation in the colon, and, ultimately, local tissue dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cecilia Téllez-Bañuelos
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular , Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Jesse Haramati
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular , Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Karina Franco-Topete
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular , Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Jorge Peregrina-Sandoval
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular , Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Ramon Franco-Topete
- b Departamento de Microbiologia y Patologia , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
| | - Galina P Zaitseva
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular , Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico
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Biswas S, Yaylaoglu MB, Safra N, Arceo R, Taylor RE, Eastham-Anderson J, Foreman O. Automated TUNEL assay on tissue sections via robotics. J Histotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2016.1148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Shu J, Dolman GE, Duan J, Qiu G, Ilyas M. Statistical colour models: an automated digital image analysis method for quantification of histological biomarkers. Biomed Eng Online 2016; 15:46. [PMID: 27121383 PMCID: PMC4848853 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-016-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colour is the most important feature used in quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) image analysis; IHC is used to provide information relating to aetiology and to confirm malignancy. METHODS Statistical modelling is a technique widely used for colour detection in computer vision. We have developed a statistical model of colour detection applicable to detection of stain colour in digital IHC images. Model was first trained by massive colour pixels collected semi-automatically. To speed up the training and detection processes, we removed luminance channel, Y channel of YCbCr colour space and chose 128 histogram bins which is the optimal number. A maximum likelihood classifier is used to classify pixels in digital slides into positively or negatively stained pixels automatically. The model-based tool was developed within ImageJ to quantify targets identified using IHC and histochemistry. RESULTS The purpose of evaluation was to compare the computer model with human evaluation. Several large datasets were prepared and obtained from human oesophageal cancer, colon cancer and liver cirrhosis with different colour stains. Experimental results have demonstrated the model-based tool achieves more accurate results than colour deconvolution and CMYK model in the detection of brown colour, and is comparable to colour deconvolution in the detection of pink colour. We have also demostrated the proposed model has little inter-dataset variations. CONCLUSIONS A robust and effective statistical model is introduced in this paper. The model-based interactive tool in ImageJ, which can create a visual representation of the statistical model and detect a specified colour automatically, is easy to use and available freely at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/ihc-toolbox/index.html . Testing to the tool by different users showed only minor inter-observer variations in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory on Integration and Analysis of Large-scale Stream Data, Beijing, China.
| | - G E Dolman
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Queens Medical Center NHS Trust (QMC), Nottingham, UK, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jiang Duan
- School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Qiu
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo Chian (UNNC), Ningbo, China
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Queens Medical Center NHS Trust (QMC), Nottingham, UK, Nottingham, UK
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Martins CS, Leitão RFC, Costa DVS, Melo IM, Santos GS, Lima V, Baldim V, Wong DVT, Bonfim LE, Melo CB, G. de Oliveira M, Brito GAC. Topical HPMC/S-Nitrosoglutathione Solution Decreases Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153716. [PMID: 27116554 PMCID: PMC4846037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbicidal actions. Intragingival application of GSNO was already shown to decrease alveolar bone loss, inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental periodontal disease (EPD) model. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of topical applications of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/GSNO solutions on EPD in Wistar rats. EPD was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the animals, which received topical applications of a HPMC solutions containing GSNO 2 or 10 mM or vehicle (HPMC solution), 1 h prior to the placement of the ligature and then twice daily until sacrifice on day 11. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO 10 mM solution significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress and TNF-α e IL-1β levels in the surrounding gingival tissue, and led to a decreased transcription of RANK and TNF-α genes and elevated bone alkaline phosphatase, compared to the HPMC group. In conclusion, topical application of HPMC/GSNO solution is a potential treatment to reduce inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição S. Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V. S. Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iracema M. Melo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, School of Dentistry. Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaylton S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vilma Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Baldim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deysi V. T. Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luana E. Bonfim
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cíntia B. Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G. de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MGO); (GACB)
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MGO); (GACB)
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Brianezi G, Grandi F, Bagatin E, Enokihara MMSS, Miot HA. Dermal type I collagen assessment by digital image analysis. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 90:723-7. [PMID: 26560217 PMCID: PMC4631237 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is the main dermal component, and its evaluation is relevant to
quantitative studies in dermatopathology. However, visual gradation (0 to 4+) has low
precision and high subjectivity levels. This study aimed to develop and validate a
digital morphometric analysis technique to estimate type I collagen levels in the
papillary dermis. Four evaluators visually quantified (0 to 4+) the density of type I
collagen in 63 images of forearm skin biopsies marked by immunohistochemistry and two
evaluators analyzed the same images using digital morphometric techniques (RGB split
colors (I) and color deconvolution (II)). Automated type I collagen density
estimation in the papillary dermis (two techniques) were correlated with visual
evaluations (Spearman's rho coefficients of 0.48 and 0.62 (p<0.01)). With regard
to the inter-observer repeatability, the four evaluators who used visual
classification had an intraclass correlation coefficient (for absolute agreement) of
0.53, while the other two evaluators who used digital analysis (algorithm II) had an
intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97.
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jin Z, Huang H, Man S, Gao W. Evaluation of protective effects of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice based on multi-pathway regulation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 250:68-77. [PMID: 26970604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of costunolide (Co) and dehydrocostuslactone (De) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of the action involved. Mice were pretreated orally with Co (5 or 20 mg/kg), De (5 or 20 mg/kg) and omeprazole (OME, 20 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days, followed by ulcer induction using absolute ethanol (0.2 mL/20 g body weight). Treatment with Co had a remarkable gastroprotection compared to the ethanol-ulcerated mice that significantly reduced the ulcerative lesion index (ULI) and histopathological damage. Daily intragastric administration of Co exerted a powerful anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, as well as increased interleukin (IL)-10. Also, pretreatment with Co effectively inhibited ethanol-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) overproduction, increased the depleted superoxide dismutase (SOD) and promoted gastric mucosa epithelial cell proliferation by up-regulating proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Similarly, De had a protective effect on ethanol-induced ulcer, which was dependent on the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and MDA generation, but independent of IL-10, SOD and PCNA improvement. Conclusively, the results have clearly demonstrated the anti-ulcerogenic potential of Co and De on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer; nevertheless, the gastroprotective activity of Co was superior to De due to more multi-pathway regulation than De. These findings suggested that Co or De could be a new useful natural gastroprotective tool against gastric ulcer, which provided a scientific basis for the gastroprotection of sesquiterpene lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Special Drugs R & D Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Jin
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Hanhan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuli Man
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Miranda EGD, Miranda CTCBCD, Lopes AIP, Santana DM, Lemos Filho JEP, Diniz TP, Silva JF, Waisberg J. Expression of P53, HER2 and Ki67 proteins in rats subjected to bladder augmentation with stomach, colon and ileum. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:44-52. [PMID: 26840355 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160010000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the expression of HER2, p53 and Ki67 proteins in cystoplasties. METHODS Sixty rats were distributed randomly into three groups of 20 animals. Bladder augmentation was held to increase with ileum (Group I), colon (Group II) and stomach (Group III). Tissue samples of neobladder was collected from each rat to its own control. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The neobladder was withdrawn for immunohistochemistry analysis of p53, HER2 and Ki67 expression. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical study. RESULTS There were no significant changes in the expression of p53 and HER2 proteins. It was observed significant increase (p<0.0001) in Ki67 expression in all groups, when compared with their respective controls. When the study groups were compared with each other, there was increase of cell proliferation in the largest gastrocystoplasties in respect of ileocystoplasties (p=0.004) and colocystoplasties (p=0.003). CONCLUSION We observed significant increase of cell proliferation characterized by Ki67 protein in the digestive tract of the ileocystoplasties, the colocystoplasties and the gastrocystoplasties and this increase was significantly greater in gastrocystoplasties.
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48
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Chen Y, Zheng H, Zhang J, Wang L, Jin Z, Gao W. Reparative activity of costunolide and dehydrocostus in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of costunolide (Co) and dehydrocostus (De) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) as well as the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin 300193
- China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy
- Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
- Special Drugs R & D Center of People's Armed Police Forces
- Tianjin 300162
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd
- Tianjin 300380
- China
| | - Zhaoxiang Jin
- Tianjin Lerentang Pharmaceutical Factory
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd
- Tianjin 300380
- China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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Olave N, Lal CV, Halloran B, Pandit K, Cuna AC, Faye-Petersen OM, Kelly DR, Nicola T, Benos PV, Kaminski N, Ambalavanan N. Regulation of alveolar septation by microRNA-489. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L476-87. [PMID: 26719145 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00145.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small conserved RNA that regulate gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA profiles during mouse lung development indicated a role for multiple miRNA, including miRNA-489. miR-489 increased on completion of alveolar septation [postnatal day 42 (P42)], associated with decreases in its conserved target genes insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) and tenascin C (Tnc). We hypothesized that dysregulation of miR-489 and its target genes Igf1 and Tnc contribute to hyperoxia-induced abnormal lung development. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to normoxia (21%) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from P4 to P14, in combination with intranasal locked nucleic acid against miR-489 to inhibit miR-489, cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV)-miR-489 to overexpress miR-489, or empty vector. Hyperoxia reduced miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc. Locked nucleic acid against miR-489 improved lung development during hyperoxia and did not alter it during normoxia, whereas miR-489 overexpression inhibited lung development during normoxia. The 3' untranslated region in vitro reporter studies confirmed Igf1 and Tnc as targets of miR-489. While miR-489 was of epithelial origin and present in exosomes, its targets Igf1 and Tnc were produced by fibroblasts. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had reduced lung miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc compared with normal preterm or term infants. These results suggest increased miR-489 is an inhibitor of alveolar septation. During hyperoxia or BPD, reduced miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc may be inadequate attempts at compensation. Further inhibition of miR-489 may permit alveolar septation to proceed. The use of specific miRNA antagonists or agonists may be a therapeutic strategy for inhibited alveolarization, such as in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelida Olave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charitharth V Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kusum Pandit
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alain C Cuna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ona M Faye-Petersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David R Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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50
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Hameed KS, Banumathi A, Ulaganathan G. Performance evaluation of maximal separation techniques in immunohistochemical scoring of tissue images. Micron 2015; 79:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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