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Mandefro M, Shore H, Hailu S, Ayele F, Tekola A, Shawel S, Kassa O, Tamire A, Masrie A, Gezahegn A, Gebru T, Roba KT, Gebremichael B. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38271. [PMID: 38787981 PMCID: PMC11124757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. They are closely linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, a deterioration in health-related quality of life, subpar academic performance, and a decline in social and emotional well-being. There is, however, little research in this field. Thus, this study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 secondary school adolescents in Harar city from February to March 2022. Multi-stage sampling was used to identify 781 study participants (586 in public and 195 in private schools). Anthropometric measures and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between independent variables and overweight and obesity. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. The overall magnitude of overweight and obesity was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2-11.4%] with 16.2% in private schools. Being female [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17-3.55], late adolescent age [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.90], bigger family size [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.97], high paternal education level [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08-3.81], eating meat [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.27-9.17] and not consuming breakfast daily [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24-3.67] were factors associated with overweight and obesity among all secondary school adolescents. A high maternal educational level, not eating breakfast and dinner daily in private secondary school adolescents and having a feminine gender, eating eggs, and not walking or riding a bicycle for at least 10 minutes continuously in public secondary school adolescents were factors associated with overweight and obesity. The extent of overweight and obesity was notably higher in the study area. Communities and educational institutions should work together to promote healthy lifestyle choices among adolescents, with a special emphasis on girls and students enrolled in private schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miheret Mandefro
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hirbo Shore
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Saba Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Firayad Ayele
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abainash Tekola
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Samrawit Shawel
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Obsan Kassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Tamire
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Masrie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Gezahegn
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilaye Gebru
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Niu L, Hanson S, Preciado-Becerra J, Eskandarani A, Lei X, Le M, Niu Z, Xie B. Psychosocial Adjustment as a Mediator in the Relationship between Childhood Exposure to Maternal Depression and Subsequent BMI and Overweight Risk. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:441. [PMID: 38671658 PMCID: PMC11049188 DOI: 10.3390/children11040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the correlation between early exposure to maternal depression (from 1 month to Grade 3) and the body mass index (BMI) and potential for overweight in adolescents at age 15. It further examined if the pathway of this correlation was influenced by psychosocial adjustment during mid-childhood (Grade 3 to Grade 6), specifically through internalizing and externalizing behaviors. METHODS Our study utilized data from 844 participants in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to assess the effects of maternal depression, observed from when the children were one month old to Grade 3, on BMI and the likelihood of overweight or obesity in adolescents aged 15. We also explored whether the average scores of internalizing and externalizing behaviors between Grades 3 and 6 mediated the impact of early maternal depressive symptoms on subsequent health outcomes. The analysis was adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Findings revealed that internalizing and externalizing behavioral issues significantly mediated the relationship between prolonged maternal depression exposure and subsequent BMI, as well as the risk of overweight or obesity, in adolescents at age 15. Notably, this mediating effect was predominantly evident in girls. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrated that the correlation between prolonged exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in childhood and increased BMI and overweight risk in adolescence was significantly mediated through psychosocial adjustment behaviors. We advocate for further exploration of additional mediating factors in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Niu
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Skylar Hanson
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Juanita Preciado-Becerra
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Abdulaziz Eskandarani
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Xiaomeng Lei
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mi Le
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (L.N.); (S.H.); (J.P.-B.); (A.E.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.N.)
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Głąbska D, Guzek D, Skolmowska D, Adamczyk JG, Nałęcz H, Mellová B, Żywczyk K, Baj-Korpak J, Gutkowska K. Influence of Food Habits and Participation in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program on Body Weight within a Pair-Matched Sample of Polish Adolescents after One Year of Intervention-#goathletics Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5106. [PMID: 38140365 PMCID: PMC10745295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the physical activity level and commitment in adolescents, which has resulted in a body weight increase, and the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that this negative trend must be now counteracted. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of food habits and participation in a national extracurricular athletics program (Athletics for All) on body weight within a pair-matched sample of Polish adolescents after one year of intervention. The #goathletics Study was conducted in a population of Polish adolescents within two pair-matched groups: 506 adolescents aged 10-14, including 281 female and 225 male adolescents, regularly participating in Athletics for All program for at least 9 months (one school year) (intervention group), and a pair-matched control group (matched taking into account city, gender, and age). The #goathletics Study included the assessment of the body weight, which was conducted based on the growth reference charts for Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference to verify central fatness. Athletics for All participation and food habits were verified as determinants of body weight, while food habits were assessed using the validated Adolescents' Food Habits Checklist (AFHC). While compared the intervention group and control group, statistically significant differences were observed for body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, both for crude and relative values, with adolescents participating in the Athletics for All program presenting a lower risk of excessive body weight and central fatness (p < 0.05), while, compared to sub-groups stratified by AFHC score, no statistically significant differences in general anthropometric characteristics were observed (p > 0.05). While the body weight centile, height centile, BMI centile and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed as the resultant variables, it was revealed that participation in the Athletics for All program is the only influencing factor in multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for body weight centile (F = 21.44; p < 0.0001) and BMI centile (F = 47.98; p < 0.0001), but for height centile and WHtR, none of the assessed factors influenced these variables. It was concluded that regularly participating in the Athletics for All program for at least 9 months was the only determinant of a lower risk of excessive body weight in adolescents, with declared food habits and gender not being significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Nałęcz
- Pedagogy and Psychology Department, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Blanka Mellová
- Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestlé Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Katarzyna Żywczyk
- Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestlé Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Joanna Baj-Korpak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, John Paul II University in Biala Podlaska, 95/97 Sidorska Street, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Gutkowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Thomson L, Keshavarz M, Sénéchal M, Bouchard DR. Online exercise program for men living with obesity: Experiences, barriers, and enablers. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 36:101226. [PMID: 38034839 PMCID: PMC10681938 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing among men, and this population remains under-represented in lifestyle and weight management interventions. The current study aims to explore the experiences of men living with obesity (body fat ≥25 %) toward a 12-week supervised online exercise platform. Ten men were interviewed for this qualitative study. Semi-structured, open-ended phone interviews were conducted, and the transcripts were thematically coded using the qualitative data analysis Nvivo QSR software package. The research findings are illustrated using quotes from participants. The results were organized into two main themes: those that removed barriers to exercise and those that improved the enablers of exercise. Eliminating barriers included not purchasing specialized equipment or travelling to a gym facility. The enablers to their success with the program included the structured format of the circuit program and having supervised sessions. By removing barriers and enhancing enablers, the 12-week online exercise circuit program increased compliance to and success of the exercise program for men living with obesity. Future research should explore the long-term effects of an online program for men living with obesity and its appeal beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Thomson
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Sociology Fredericton NB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Keshavarz
- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Kinesiology Fredericton NB, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyles Laboratory, Fredericton NB, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Kinesiology Fredericton NB, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyles Laboratory, Fredericton NB, Canada
| | - Danielle R. Bouchard
- University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Kinesiology Fredericton NB, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyles Laboratory, Fredericton NB, Canada
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Sycamnias L, Kerr JA, Lange K, Saffery R, Wang Y, Wake M, Olds T, Dwyer T, Burgner D, Grobler AC. Polygenic Risk Scores and the Risk of Childhood Overweight/Obesity in Association With the Consumption of Sweetened Beverages: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Child Obes 2023. [PMID: 37851993 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and non-nutritive sweetened beverage (NNSB) consumption is associated with obesity and are targets for population-level dietary interventions. In children (<16 years), we evaluate whether SSB or NNSB consumption is associated with subsequent (2 years later) overweight and/or obesity, and the effect of consumption on subsequent overweight/obesity differs by BMI polygenic risk score (BMI-PRS). Methods: The nationally representative Longitudinal-Study-of-Australian-Children had biennial data collection from birth (n = 5107) until age 14/15 years (n = 3127). At age 11/12 years, a comprehensive biomedical assessment, including PRS assessment, was undertaken (n = 1422). Parent- or self-reported beverage consumption (SSBs: soft drinks, energy drinks, and/or juice; NNSBs: diet drinks) was measured as any/none over previous 24 hours. BMI-PRS was derived using published results (high PRS ≥75th percentile). At ages 4/5-14/15 children were classified as having obesity, overweight/obesity, or not having overweight/obesity using BMI z-score (CDC cut points). Results: SSB consumption had limited association with subsequent overweight/obesity. NNSB consumption was associated with ∼8% more children with subsequent overweight/obesity at most ages. In older children with high BMI-PRS, associations between NNSB consumption and subsequent overweight/obesity strengthened with age [at age 14-15 for high BMI-PRS, difference in proportion with overweight/obesity among NNSB consumers vs. nonconsumers = 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.22 to 0.55, p ≤ 0.001)]. There was limited association between SSB consumption and BMI-PRS. Conclusion: NNSB consumption was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity for children with greater genetic risk at older ages (12-15 years). Focused intervention among children with high genetic risk could target NNSB consumption; however, reverse causality (children with genetic risk and/or high BMI consume more NNSBs) cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Sycamnias
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kerr
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Olds
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Androutsos O, Tsiampalis T, Kouvari M, Manou M, Dimopoulou M, Georgiou A, Kosti RI, Charmandari E. Assessment of Diet Quality in Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1261. [PMID: 37508758 PMCID: PMC10378587 DOI: 10.3390/children10071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of healthy nutritional habits constitutes one of the most important determinants of healthy growth and development in childhood. Few studies in Greece have examined children's diet quality using diet indices. The present study aimed to assess the diet quality of a large cohort of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Study participants (n = 1335), aged 2-18, were recruited through the Out-patient Clinic for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, and behavioral data were collected using standard methods and equipment. The Diet Quality Index (DQI), which includes four subcomponents (i.e., dietary diversity, dietary quality, dietary equilibrium, and meal index), was calculated to assess each subject's diet quality. According to the results of this study, children's total DQI score was 63.1%. It was observed that 66.7% of the children had at least moderate diet quality (total DQI ≥ 59.34%). Boys had higher values of the total DQI and certain components of the DQI (i.e., dietary equilibrium score and meal index) compared to girls. Three out of ten children with overweight/obesity had poor diet quality (i.e., DQI ≤ 59.33). Younger children (2-5 years old) were found to have the lowest values of dietary equilibrium compared to older children (6-9 and 12-18 years old). Moreover, boys had higher values of the total DQI score and of specific components of this index (i.e., dietary equilibrium and meal index) compared to girls. Children living in urban areas had higher values in the dietary quality score compared to those living in rural areas. Children with overweight had higher values of the dietary quality score and the total DQI score compared to children with obesity. The present study highlighted that children and adolescents with overweight or obesity have poor diet quality. Multilevel and higher intensity interventions should be designed specifically for this group to achieve tangible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Maria Manou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rena I Kosti
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Vastrad P, Neelopant S, Prasad UV, Kirte R, Chandan N, Barvaliya MJ, Hatnoor S, Shashidhar SB, Roy S. Undernutrition among rural school-age children: a major public health challenge for an aspirational district in Karnataka, India. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209949. [PMID: 37502723 PMCID: PMC10368874 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For school-age children, a healthy transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood depends on proper nutrition. Globally, most nutritional surveys focus on preschool and adolescents, neglecting school-age children. Recent studies have shown the prevalence of thinness among adolescents to be 26.5% in Karnataka. Similarly, among children aged < 5 years in the Raichur district, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and being underweight was 39.8, 23.2, and 40.7%, respectively. The present study aimed to bridge the data gap between < 5 years of children and adolescents through a nutritional survey of school-going children in Raichur, one of the aspirational districts of India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2020 among rural school-age children (n = 2700) in 30 villages of the Raichur district of Karnataka, India. The school children were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The WHO Anthro-plus software was used for calculating the age and sex-specific Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and BMI-for-age (BAZ). Results Of the 2,700 school-age children surveyed, the mean weight and height were 22.2 kg (+5.8) and 124.9 cm (+11.6), respectively. The prevalence of children having weight-for-age Z-scores < -2 SD (Underweight) was 45.3% (95% CI: 42.7%-47.8%). The magnitude of stunting and severe stunting was 19.5% (95% CI: 18.0%-21.0%) and 7.6% (95% CI: 6.6%-8.6%), respectively. The proportion of children with BMI for age Z-scores < -2SD (thinness) was 43% (95% CI: 41.1%-44.9%), with sub-district Sindhanur having a dual burden of malnutrition. Conclusion Despite many flagship programs, the prevalence of undernutrition in school-age children remains a considerable public health problem in the aspirational district of Raichur, India. Furthermore, exploratory studies are recommended to identify the factors associated with undernutrition among school-age children and strategize evidence-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniraj Vastrad
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - U. Venkateswara Prasad
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Kirte
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Chandan
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manish J. Barvaliya
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivappa Hatnoor
- Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - S. B. Shashidhar
- Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Model Rural Health Research Unit, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Sirwar, Raichur, Karnataka, India
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Wang J, Dong D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, He Q, Lei X, Feng T, Qiu J, Chen H. Multivariate resting-state functional connectomes predict and characterize obesity phenotypes. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8368-8381. [PMID: 37032621 PMCID: PMC10505423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The univariate obesity-brain associations have been extensively explored, while little is known about the multivariate associations between obesity and resting-state functional connectivity. We therefore utilized machine learning and resting-state functional connectivity to develop and validate predictive models of 4 obesity phenotypes (i.e. body fat percentage, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-height ratio) in 3 large neuroimaging datasets (n = 2,992). Preliminary evidence suggested that the resting-state functional connectomes effectively predicted obesity/weight status defined by each obesity phenotype with good generalizability to longitudinal and independent datasets. However, the differences between resting-state functional connectivity patterns characterizing different obesity phenotypes indicated that the obesity-brain associations varied according to the type of measure of obesity. The shared structure among resting-state functional connectivity patterns revealed reproducible neuroimaging biomarkers of obesity, primarily comprising the connectomes within the visual cortex and between the visual cortex and inferior parietal lobule, visual cortex and orbital gyrus, and amygdala and orbital gyrus, which further suggested that the dysfunctions in the perception, attention and value encoding of visual information (e.g. visual food cues) and abnormalities in the reward circuit may act as crucial neurobiological bases of obesity. The recruitment of multiple obesity phenotypes is indispensable in future studies seeking reproducible obesity-brain associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingkai Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Tsoukos A, Bogdanis GC. Physiological Responses and Fatigue during a Repeated Shuttle-Sprint Running Test in Adolescent Schoolchildren: A Comparison between Sexes and Fatigue Calculation Methods. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1041. [PMID: 37371272 DOI: 10.3390/children10061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined physiological responses and fatigue in adolescent boys and girls during a repeated shuttle-sprint running test in a school setting. We also compared three calculation methods to assess fatigue during repeated sprints: the fatigue index (FI), the percent sprint decrement (Sdec), and the slope of performance decrement (SlopeD). Twenty-six adolescent students (10 girls and 16 boys, age: 15.3 ± 0.5 y) performed six 30 m sprints with a 180° change of direction at 15 m, interspersed with 10 s of recovery. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) were measured before and after the sprint test. Boys achieved significantly faster sprint times (11.7% to 14.8% faster than girls in all sprints, p < 0.01), and had higher post-test BL compared with girls (14.0 ± 2.9 vs. 11.3 ± 3.2 mmol/L; p = 0.02; d = 0.93). However, all fatigue indices (FI, Sdec and SlopeD) were similar in boys and girls (FI = 11.5 ± 5.0 vs. 11.5 ± 5.0; SlopeD = 10.6 ± 4.8 vs. 14.5 ± 5.1; Sdec = 5.6 ± 2.2 vs. 7.3 ± 2.2, in boys and girls, respectively, p > 0.05 for all) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.86 to 0.97, p < 0.01). CMJ was higher in boys (p < 0.05), but CMJ performance dropped similarly from pre- to post-test in boys and girls (13.7 ± 7.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, neuromuscular fatigue during and after repeated shuttle-sprint running is similar in boys and girls, despite the faster sprint times, higher CMJ and higher BL in boys. SlopeD may be used as an alternative index to quantify fatigue during repeated shuttle-sprinting, as it takes into account performance in all sprints and may provide an average sprint-by-sprint performance drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
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10
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Johnson-Jennings MD, Reid M, Jiang L, Huyser KR, Brega AG, Steine JF, Manson SM, Chang J, Fyfe-Johnson AL, Hiratsuka V, Conway C, O'Connell J. American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescents and obesity: the influence of social determinants of health, mental health, and substance use. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:297-305. [PMID: 36750690 PMCID: PMC10121828 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of obesity among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adolescents aged 12-19 years in association with social determinants of health (SDOH), and mental health and substance use disorders. METHODS Guided by the World Health Organization's Social Determinants of Health Framework, we examined data from the Indian Health Service (IHS) Improving Health Care Delivery Data Project from Fiscal Year 2013, supplemented by county-level data from the U.S. Census and USDA. Our sample included 26,226 AIAN adolescents ages 12-19 years. We described obesity prevalence in relationship to SDOH and adolescents' mental health and substance use disorder status. We then fit a multivariable logit generalized linear mixed model to estimate the relationships after adjusting for other individual and county level characteristics. RESULTS We observed a prevalence of 32.5% for obesity, 13.8% for mental health disorders, and 5.5% for substance use disorders. Females had lower odds of obesity than males (OR = 0.76, p < 0.001), which decreased with age. Having Medicaid coverage (OR = 1.09, p < 0.01), residing in a county with lower education attainment (OR = 1.17, p < 0.05), and residing in a county with higher rates of poverty (OR = 1.51, p < 0.001) were each associated with higher odds of obesity. Residing in a county with high access to a grocery store (OR = 0.73, p < 0.001) and residing in a county with a higher proportion of AIANs (OR = 0.83, p < 0.01) were each associated with lower odds of obesity. Those with mental health disorders had higher odds of obesity (OR = 1.26, p < 0.001); substance use disorders were associated with decreased odds of obesity (OR = 0.73, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings inform future obesity prevention and treatment programs among AIAN youth; in particular, the need to consider mental health, substance use, and SDOH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Reid
- Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Huyser
- Department of Sociology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela G Brega
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John F Steine
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Spero M Manson
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenny Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amber L Fyfe-Johnson
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Conway
- Charles George Veterans Medical Center, Ashville, NC, USA
| | - Joan O'Connell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Gülü M, Yagin FH, Yapici H, Irandoust K, Dogan AA, Taheri M, Szura E, Barasinska M, Gabrys T. Is early or late biological maturation trigger obesity? A machine learning modeling research in Turkey boys and girls. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1139179. [PMID: 36866053 PMCID: PMC9971504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological maturation status can affect individual differences, sex, height, body fat, and body weight in adolescents and thus may be associated with obesity. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between biological maturation and obesity. Overall, 1,328 adolescents (792 boys and 536 girls) aged 12.00 ± 0.94-12.21 ± 0.99 years, respectively (measured for body mass, body stature, sitting stature). Body weights were deter-mined with Tanita body analysis system and adolescent obesity status was calculated according to the WHO classification. Biological maturation was determined according to the somatic maturation method. Our results showed that boys mature 3.077-fold later than girls. Obesity was an increasing effect on early maturation. It was determined that being obese, overweight and healthy-weight increased the risk of early maturation 9.80, 6.99 and 1.81-fold, respectively. The equation of the model predicting maturation is: Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp. (- (-31.386 + sex-boy * (1.124) + [chronological age = 10] * (-7.031) + [chronological age = 11] * (-4.338) + [chronological age = 12] * (-1.677) + age * (-2.075) + weight * 0.093 + height * (-0.141) + obesity * (-2.282) + overweight * (-1.944) + healthy weight * (-0.592)))). Logistic regression model predicted maturity with 80.7% [95% CI: 77.2-84.1%] accuracy. In addition, the model had a high sensitivity value (81.7% [76.2-86.6%]), which indicates that the model can successfully distinguish adolescents with early maturation. In conclusion, sex and obesity are independent predictors of maturity, and the risk of early maturation is increased, especially in the case of obesity and in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye,*Correspondence: Mehmet Gülü, ✉
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye,Fatma Hilal Yagin, ✉
| | - Hakan Yapici
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Türkiye
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ewa Szura
- Department Health Sciences and Sport Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Nysa, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czechia
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12
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Liu Y, Trude ACB, Song S, Jiang N, Wang S, Gittelsohn J, Wen D. Childhood obesity inequality in northeast China: joint effect of social economic status and school neighborhood environment. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:318. [PMID: 36782186 PMCID: PMC9926811 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesogenic environment is important in driving obesity epidemic. Children spend large amount of their time in schools. School neighborhood environment, as well as its interaction with socioeconomic status (SES) needs to be explored to provide evidence for children obesity prevention policies. METHODS Objective anthropometric measurement, a household structured questionnaire, and school geospatial analyses were carried out on 3670 children (aged 9-12 years) of 26 schools in northeast China. Interaction between SES inter-categorical intersectionality group and school neighborhood environment was tested for the effect on children's body mass index z scores (z-BMI) and waist-hip ratio z scores (z-WHR), following formulation of SES inter-categorical intersectionality group based on household wealth, parental education, and parental occupation. RESULTS SES groups formed by household wealth, parental education and parental occupation was associated with z-BMI and z-WHR for girls. Those from moderate wealth & self-employed (M&S) families had the highest adjusted z-BMI and z-WHR among all SES groups. School neighborhood environment factors interacted with SES groups in association with WHR for girls. Number of school neighborhood supermarkets and residential sites were negatively associated with z-WHR for girls from M&S families (β= -0.45 (95%CI: -0.76, -0.15) for supermarkets; β= -0.01 (95%CI: -0.03, 0.00) for residential sites). Number of school neighborhood convenience stores and public transport stops were positively associated with z-WHR for girls from M&S families (β = 0.02 (95%CI: 0.00, 0.03) for convenience stores; β = 0.23 (95%CI: 0.15, 0.31) for public transport stops). While non-significant association was found for number of vegetable stores. CONCLUSION Girls from moderate wealth & self-employed families may be the group susceptible to school neighborhood environment. Local policies targeted at improving the school neighborhood environment may be one avenue for reducing socioeconomic disparities in obesity especially for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Pediatrics, Growth and Nutrition Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shenzhi Song
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of International Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of public health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Human Nutrition Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Safaei M, A. Sundararajan E, Asadi S, Nilashi M, Ab Aziz MJ, Saravanan MS, Abdelhaq M, Alsaqour R. A Hybrid MCDM Approach Based on Fuzzy-Logic and DEMATEL to Evaluate Adult Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15432. [PMID: 36497509 PMCID: PMC9740807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its complications is one of the main issues in today's world and is increasing rapidly. A wide range of non-contagious diseases, for instance, diabetes type 2, cardiovascular, high blood pressure and stroke, numerous types of cancer, and mental health issues are formed following obesity. According to the WHO, Malaysia is the sixth Asian country with an adult population suffering from obesity. Therefore, identifying risk factors associated with obesity among Malaysian adults is necessary. For this purpose, this study strives to investigate and assess the risk factors related to obesity and overweight in this country. A quantitative approach was employed by surveying 26 healthcare professionals by questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with the DEMATEL and Fuzzy Rule-Based methods. We found that lack of physical activity, insufficient sleep, unhealthy diet, genetics, and perceived stress were the most significant risk factors for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Safaei
- School of Computing & Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, The Park, Cheltenham GL50 2RH, UK
| | - Elankovan A. Sundararajan
- Centre for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahla Asadi
- School of Computing & Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, The Park, Cheltenham GL50 2RH, UK
| | - Mehrbakhsh Nilashi
- UCSI Graduate Business School, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz
- Centre for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Saravanan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maha Abdelhaq
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Alsaqour
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gontijo de Castro T, Gerritsen S, Santos LP, Marchioni DML, Morton SMB, Wall C. Child feeding indexes measuring adherence to New Zealand nutrition guidelines: Development and assessment. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13402. [PMID: 35851558 PMCID: PMC9480915 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand (NZ) lacks nationally representative or generalisable information on the dietary intakes of pre‐schoolers. We used Growing Up in New Zealand cohort data to i) develop child feeding indexes (CFIs) based on National Food and Nutrition Guidelines for 2‐ and 4.5‐year‐olds; ii) describe the cohort adherence to the guidelines at 2 (n = 6046) and 4.5 years (n = 5889) and; iii) assess the CFIs’ convergent construct validity, by exploring associations with maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours and with child body mass index for age (BMI/age) and the waist‐to‐height ratio at 4.5 years. The CFIs scores ranged from 0 to 11, with 11 representing full adherence to the guidelines. Associations were tested using multiple linear regressions and Poisson regressions with robust variance (risk ratios [RR], 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI). The CFIs mean scores (SD) at 2 and 4.5 years were, respectively, 6.13 (1.21) and 6.22 (1.26) points. Maternal characteristics explained, respectively, 27.2% and 31.9% of the variation in the CFIs scores at 2 and 4.5 years. In the adjusted model at the 4.5‐year interview, in relation to girls ranked in the 5th quintile, those in the 2nd (RR, 95% CI: 1.48; 1.03; 1.24) and 4th (1.53; 1.05; 2.23) quintiles of the CFI were more likely to have BMI/age > +2z (World Health Organization growth standards) at 4.5 years. At 2 and 4.5 years, most children fell short of meeting national guidelines. The associations between the CFIs scores at both time points with maternal characteristics and with children's body size at 4.5 years were in the expected directions, confirming the CFIs’ convergent construct validity among NZ pre‐schoolers. Data from a nationally generalisable New Zealand birth cohort was used to i) develop child feeding indexes (CFIs) for 2 and 4.5‐year‐olds based on National Food and Nutrition Guidelines (NFNG); ii) describe the cohort's adherence to the NFNG; and iii) assess the CFIs' construct validity. There was low adherence to the overall NFNG at 2 and 4.5 years and adherence was predicted by inequalities in maternal sociodemographics and health behaviours. In unadjusted regressions, children ranked in the 2nd–4th quintiles of the CFIs, in relation to those ranked in the highest quintiles (5th), were more likely to have higher body size and adiposity at 4.5 years. In adjusted model, girls with lower adherence to the NFNG at 4.5 years were more likely to have BMI/age > +2z at 4.5 years. Associations between CFIs scores with maternal characteristics and child adiposity were in the expected directions, confirming the indexes' construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gontijo de Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Dirce M. L. Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health University of Sao Paulo São Paul Brazil
| | - Susan M. B. Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Clare Wall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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15
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Raufi А, Konstantinova MK. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: Variation in Different Ethnicities, Age, and Sex in North Macedonia. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2022; 43:23-31. [PMID: 35843913 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is assuredly one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century, particularly regarding long-term metabolic complications. In the last four decades, there has been a tenfold increase in childhood and adolescence obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to show the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared by age, sex, and ethnicity in n=1034 healthy male and female children, aged 6-13 years in North Macedonia. Out of the total 1034 children included in the study, 589 (57.0%) were observed with normal weight, 202 (19.5%) children were obese, 140 (13.5%) children were overweight and, 103 (10.0%) children underweight. The study presents an insight that 33% of primary school children are at >85th percentile overweight; or at ≥95th percentile with increased weight due to obesity. The data show that boys have a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight with 37.1%, compared to girls with 29.1%. Also, all age groups demonstrate an exponential increase of the prevalence of overweight: in 6-7 years (5.8%); 8-9 years (12%); 10-11 years (15%); and, 12-13 years old with 19.5%. A jump of prevalence of overweight and obesity between the age groups of 6-7 years, and 8-9 years was observed (17.9% to 25.4% obese and 5.8% to 12.0% overweight). The onset of puberty may be the possible cause. According to the Global Atlas of Childhood Obesity, North Macedonia is graded with a risk index of 7/11; i.e. it is expected that in the next decade until 2030 the obesity rate will rise to 52.5% for children aged 5-19 years old. It is with utmost importance to emphasize that continuous monitoring of children's nutritional status and their risk of obesity is essential, as to further prevent obesity and overweight in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Аrjeta Raufi
- Children's Department, Clinical Hospital in Tetovo, RN Macedonia
| | - Marina Krstevska Konstantinova
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, St's. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, RN Macedonia
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16
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Albaker W, Saklawi R, Bah S, Motawei K, Futa B, Al-Hariri M. What is the current status of childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia?: Evidence from 20,000 cases in the Eastern Province: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29800. [PMID: 35801783 PMCID: PMC9259103 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of those overweight, as well as obesity among children in Saudi Arabia, keeps rising. The aim of the study was to estimate childhood obesity in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Over the period 2016 to 2017, a cross-sectional campaign was carried out in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from over 20,000 boys' and girls' schools. The campaign collected data on birthday/age, weight, height, sex, district in which the school is located, level of education, and blood pressure level. The findings from the present study indicated a prevalence of 25.7% for overweight and obesity among high school-age students. More importantly, ≈35% of the study's students have either elevated blood pressure or hypertension. The significant predictors of childhood obesity were education level, age, glucose level, and blood pressure. The children in higher school levels originally from the Eastern Province had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Recommendations are made on the need of regular screening program among school-age children, as well as to continue raising awareness about childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sulaiman Bah
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamaluddin Motawei
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Futa
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * Correspondence: Mohammed Al-Hariri, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114-31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
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17
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Hartman-Petrycka M, Witkoś J, Lebiedowska A, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. Individual characteristics, including olfactory efficiency, age, body mass index, smoking and the sex hormones status, and food preferences of women in Poland. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13538. [PMID: 35726259 PMCID: PMC9206430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food choices made by most people mainly depend on food preferences. Knowing how certain factors affect food preferences can help dietitians working with women to understand the relationship between individual factors and the challenges faced by the women in changing eating habits. The aim of the study was to examine the food preferences of women and to assess the impact of the sense of smell, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and hormonal status (phase of the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception) on the declared pleasure derived from eating various types of food. Methods A total of 190 women living in the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland aged 18-75 (19.29-26.71 RNO) years participated in the study. The collected survey data included age, BMI, smoking, phase of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception. Olfactory sensitivity was measured by T08 olfactometer. Additionally, food preferences were assessed, using 24 different food types, which were presented as pictures. To evaluate food preferences 10 cm visual analogue scale was used. Results The most liked foods were: fruits (M = 8.81, SD = 1.67), sweet desserts (M = 8.44, SD = 2.30), vegetables and salads (M = 8.08, SD = 2.24), chocolate (M = 7.84, SD = 2.76), and poultry (M = 7.30, SD = 2.47). The least liked foods were: salty products (M = 4.98, SD = 3.03), milk soup (M = 3.30, SD = 3.13), and seafood (M = 2.99, SD = 3.28). The influence of the analyzed factors on the degree of liking six food types was shown. Women with better ability to name scents preferred sausages/ham and beef/pork. Women with a higher BMI had lower preference for jellybeans and broth. Women who were heavier smokers had lower preference for milk soup. In women using hormonal contraception, pleasure from eating sausages and ham was higher than compared to women in all phases of the monthly cycle. In women in the follicular phase the pleasure from eating pasta was lower when compared to women in the ovulatory phase, the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. In women in the ovulatory phase the pleasure from eating candies and jellybeans was lower when compared to women in the follicular phase, the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. In women in the ovulatory phase, also pleasure from eating broth was lower when compared to women in the luteal phase and those using hormonal contraception. Conclusions Among women in Poland, the top five preferred food types are fruits, sweet desserts, vegetables/salads, chocolate and poultry. To confirm the extent to which the declared pleasure derived from eating these food types translates into health condition, further research on the consumption of these food types is necessary. The impact of the sense of smell, BMI, smoking, or menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraception on the declared pleasure derived from eating was observed for six out of twenty-four food types. The hormonal status was the factor most significantly influencing food preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Witkoś
- Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Lebiedowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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18
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Romero-Garay MG, Montalvo-González E, Hernández-González C, Soto-Domínguez A, Becerra-Verdín EM, De Lourdes García-Magaña M. Bioactivity of peptides obtained from poultry by-products: A review. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100181. [PMID: 35498958 PMCID: PMC9039914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of poultry products (chicken, duck, and turkey) are continually growing throughout the world, leading to the generation of thousands of tons of organic by-products, which may be important sources of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides isolated from poultry by-products have biological properties that can be useful in the prevention of different metabolic diseases and hence, their consumption could be beneficial for human health. Such peptides can be used as nutraceuticals, and their inclusion as active components of functional food products is increasingly gaining attention. The aim of this review was to present the investigations of the biological effect of the peptides obtained from different poultry by-products and the possible mechanisms of action underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Guillermina Romero-Garay
- Integral Research Laboratory Food, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, Col. Lagos del Country 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Efigenia Montalvo-González
- Integral Research Laboratory Food, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, Col. Lagos del Country 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Crisantema Hernández-González
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Unidad Mazatlán, Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n. Mazatlán, Sinaloa 89010, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Histology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y E. Aguirre Pequeño SN, C.P. 64460. Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mendeleev Becerra-Verdín
- Clinical Research and Histology Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo S/N, 63155 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - María De Lourdes García-Magaña
- Integral Research Laboratory Food, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, Col. Lagos del Country 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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19
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Comeau ZJ, Lessard BH, Shuhendler AJ. The Need to Pair Molecular Monitoring Devices with Molecular Imaging to Personalize Health. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:675-691. [PMID: 35257276 PMCID: PMC8901094 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By enabling the non-invasive monitoring and quantification of biomolecular processes, molecular imaging has dramatically improved our understanding of disease. In recent years, non-invasive access to the molecular drivers of health versus disease has emboldened the goal of precision health, which draws on concepts borrowed from process monitoring in engineering, wherein hundreds of sensors can be employed to develop a model which can be used to preventatively detect and diagnose problems. In translating this monitoring regime from inanimate machines to human beings, precision health posits that continual and on-the-spot monitoring are the next frontiers in molecular medicine. Early biomarker detection and clinical intervention improves individual outcomes and reduces the societal cost of treating chronic and late-stage diseases. However, in current clinical settings, methods of disease diagnoses and monitoring are typically intermittent, based on imprecise risk factors, or self-administered, making optimization of individual patient outcomes an ongoing challenge. Low-cost molecular monitoring devices capable of on-the-spot biomarker analysis at high frequencies, and even continuously, could alter this paradigm of therapy and disease prevention. When these devices are coupled with molecular imaging, they could work together to enable a complete picture of pathogenesis. To meet this need, an active area of research is the development of sensors capable of point-of-care diagnostic monitoring with an emphasis on clinical utility. However, a myriad of challenges must be met, foremost, an integration of the highly specialized molecular tools developed to understand and monitor the molecular causes of disease with clinically accessible techniques. Functioning on the principle of probe-analyte interactions yielding a transducible signal, probes enabling sensing and imaging significantly overlap in design considerations and targeting moieties, however differing in signal interpretation and readout. Integrating molecular sensors with molecular imaging can provide improved data on the personal biomarkers governing disease progression, furthering our understanding of pathogenesis, and providing a positive feedback loop toward identifying additional biomarkers and therapeutics. Coupling molecular imaging with molecular monitoring devices into the clinical paradigm is a key step toward achieving precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Comeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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20
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The Prevalence of Overweight Status among Early Adolescents from Private Schools in Indonesia: Sex-Specific Patterns Determined by School Urbanization Level. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051001. [PMID: 35267976 PMCID: PMC8912438 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few studies have investigated (demographic) correlates of (prevalent) overweight rates among early adolescents, especially from higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in developing countries, such as Indonesia. The current study aims to fill this gap. (2) Methods: Participants included 411 adolescents from five private schools in Indonesia. Adolescents’ weight and height were measured, and adolescents completed questionnaires on demographic factors (i.e., sex, school area, ethnicity, pocket money) and previous year dieting. (3) Results: Results showed that more than one-third of the sample was overweight, with higher rates among adolescent males (47%) than females (24%). Moreover, adolescents attending schools in urban areas (compared with suburban areas), and those reporting past dieting (compared with those reporting no dieting) had higher overweight rates. Ethnicity and the amount of pocket money were not related to overweight status. Finally, a clear sex-specific interaction was found involving school area, showing that males in urban areas had a significantly higher risk to be overweight, whereas this did not apply to females. (4) Conclusions: males from urban area private schools in Indonesia may be an important target group for future preventive overweight interventions.
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21
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Vanoli J, Coull BA, Ettinger de Cuba S, Fabian PM, Carnes F, Massaro MA, Poblacion A, Bellocco R, Kloog I, Schwartz J, Laden F, Zanobetti A. Postnatal exposure to PM 2.5 and weight trajectories in early childhood. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e181. [PMID: 35169661 PMCID: PMC8835545 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent evidence has assessed the impact of air pollution exposure on children's growth trajectories. We investigated the role of 90-day average postnatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures by estimating the magnitude of effects at different ages, and the change in child weight trajectory by categories of exposure. METHODS We obtained weight values from electronic health records at each hospital visit (males = 1859, females = 1601) from birth to 6 years old children recruited into the Boston-based Children's HealthWatch cohort (2009-2014). We applied mixed models, adjusting for individual and maternal confounders using (1) varying-coefficient models allowing for smooth non-linear interaction between age and PM2.5, (2) factor-smooth interaction between age and PM2.5 quartiles. Additionally, we stratified by sex and low birthweight (LBW) status (≤2500 g). RESULTS Using varying-coefficient models, we found that PM2.5 significantly modified the association between age and weight in males, with a positive association in children younger than 3 years and a negative association afterwards. In boys, for each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 we found a 2.6% increase (95% confidence interval = 0.8, 4.6) in weight at 1 year of age and a -0.6% (95% confidence interval = -3.9, 2.9) at 5 years. We found similar but smaller changes in females, and no differences comparing growth trajectories across quartiles of PM2.5. Most of the effects were in LBW children and null for normal birthweight children. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that medium-term postnatal PM2.5 may modify weight trajectories nonlinearly in young children, and that LBW babies are more susceptible than normal-weight infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vanoli
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patricia M. Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marisa A. Massaro
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Poblacion
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Woo S, Ju YS, Seo YG, Kim YM, Lim H, Park KH. Additive Effects of Exercise or Nutrition Intervention in a 24-Month Multidisciplinary Treatment with a Booster Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity: The ICAAN Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020387. [PMID: 35057568 PMCID: PMC8781150 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of a real-world multidisciplinary intervention with additional exercise or nutritional elements and investigated the effectiveness of a booster intervention after weight regain. A total of 242 children and adolescents (age- and sex-specific body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85th percentile, mean age: 10.82 years, 60% male) were allocated to three groups: usual care, exercise, or nutrition. Six-month active treatment with 1:1 session and a maintenance stage with group activities were repeated twice to comprise a 24-month intervention. The primary outcome was change % of the BMI z-score (zBMI). A total of 110 (45.4%) participants completed the 24-month intervention. A mixed-effects model analysis indicated no significant interaction effect of the intervention group and treatment phase on the zBMI change % (p = 0.976). However, there was a significant main effect of the treatment phase on zBMI change % at 6 months (β = -2.98, [95% CI, -5.69-0.27]), 18 months (β = -3.99, [95% CI, -6.76-1.22]), and 24 months (β = -3.23, [95% CI, -5.94-0.52]; p = 0.042). The improvements in zBMI, body fat %, and cardiometabolic markers were observed only among males. Whereas the additive effect of intensive exercise or nutritional feedback was not detected in the long term, a booster intervention with 1:1 counseling was effective even after weight regain during the maintenance period. It may be useful to combine individualized counseling with a less intensive form of group care for long-term maintenance in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woo
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang-si 14068, Korea
| | - Yoon-Myung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang-si 14068, Korea
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23
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Makri R, Katsoulis M, Fotiou A, Kanavou E, Stavrou M, Richardson C, Kanellopoulou A, Orfanos P, Benetou V, Kokkevi A. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Diet-Related Behaviours and Habits in a Representative Sample of Adolescents in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9010119. [PMID: 35053743 PMCID: PMC8774704 DOI: 10.3390/children9010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive body weight during adolescence represents a significant public health problem worldwide. Identifying factors associated with its development is crucial. We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample of 11, 13 and, 15-year-olds living in Greece and explored the association with diet-related behaviours and habits. Self-reported data on weight, height, diet-related behaviours and habits were used from 3816 students (1898 boys, 1918 girls) participants in the Greek arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study during 2018. Overweight and obesity were defined using the 2007 WHO growth charts classification. Prevalence of overweight was 19.4% in the total sample, 24.1% for boys and 14.7% for girls, and prevalence of obesity was 5.3% in the total sample, 7.3% for boys and 3.4% for girls, respectively. In the total sample, overweight (including obesity) was positively associated with male gender, low family affluence, skipping breakfast, and being on a diet, and inversely associated with age and being physically active. Eating rarely with the family was positively associated with overweight only among boys and eating snacks/meals in front of screens only among girls. No association was noted for eating in fast-food restaurants, consuming vegetables, fruits, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Makri
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Michail Katsoulis
- Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London ΝW1 2DA, UK;
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Anastasios Fotiou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eleftheria Kanavou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Myrto Stavrou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 176-71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451-10 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115-27 Athens, Greece; (R.M.); (P.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462074
| | - Anna Kokkevi
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences, & Precision Medicine Research Institute “Costas Stefanis” (UMHRI), 115-27 Athens, Greece; (A.F.); (E.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
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24
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Al-Haifi AR, Al-Awadhi BA, Al-Dashti YA, Aljazzaf BH, Allafi AR, Al-Mannai MA, Al-Hazzaa HM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and the perception of body weight by parents or friends. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262101. [PMID: 34982787 PMCID: PMC8726464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, the State of Kuwait has witnessed a steady rise in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. The present study aims to provide an update on the rate of overweight or obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and examines the associations between adolescents’ overweight/obesity levels and their perception of body weight as seen by parents or friends. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuwaiti secondary schools and included adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years, using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Body weight and height were measured. A specifically designed self-report questionnaire was used to assess parents’ and friends’ perceptions of an adolescent’s body weight. Results A total of 706 adolescents were included the study. The prevalence of overweight or obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents reached nearly 50%, with males (54.3%) having a significantly higher overweight or obesity percentage than females (44.6%). No significant difference in the prevalence of obesity relative to age, from 15 to 18 years, was found. In addition, logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and gender, revealed that adolescents perceived their parents (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001) or friends (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001) as more likely to classify their weight as overweight or obese, respectively. Conclusion Overweight or obesity levels appear to be high among Kuwaiti adolescents, and appears to have reached a plateau recently. Efforts to combat obesity and promote physical activity and healthy nutrition are needed. Future studies should seek to identify important moderators of parental and social underestimation/overestimation of children’s overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Al-Haifi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Balqees A. Al-Awadhi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Yousef A. Al-Dashti
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Badriyah H. Aljazzaf
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Showaikh, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad R. Allafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, University of Kuwait, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | - Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Bekelman TA, Dabelea D, Ganiban JM, Law A, Reilly AM, Althoff KN, Mueller N, Camargo CA, Duarte CS, Dunlop AL, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Gold DR, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hartert T, Hipwell AE, Huddleston K, Johnson CC, Karagas MR, Karr CJ, Hershey GKK, Leve L, Mahabir S, McEvoy CT, Neiderhiser J, Oken E, Rundle A, Sathyanarayana S, Turley C, Tylavsky FA, Watson SE, Wright R, Zhang M, Zoratti E. Regional and sociodemographic differences in average BMI among US children in the ECHO program. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:2089-2099. [PMID: 34467678 PMCID: PMC9088705 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the association of individual-level characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education) with child BMI within each US Census region and variation in child BMI by region. METHODS This study used pooled data from 25 prospective cohort studies. Region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) was based on residential zip codes. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores were the outcome. RESULTS The final sample included 14,313 children with 85,428 BMI measurements, 49% female and 51% non-Hispanic White. Males had a lower average BMI z score compared with females in the Midwest (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.05) and West (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.20 to -0.04). Compared with non-Hispanic White children, BMI z score was generally higher among children who were Hispanic and Black but not across all regions. Compared with the Northeast, average BMI z score was significantly higher in the Midwest (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.14) and lower in the South (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.08) and West (β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.09) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Region of residence was associated with child BMI z scores, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding regional influences can inform targeted efforts to mitigate BMI-related disparities among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew Law
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra McGovern Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Noel Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tina Hartert
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathi Huddleston
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Leslie Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Cindy T. McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jenae Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- University of Washington/Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Turley
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Atrium Health Levine Children’s, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sara E. Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rosalind Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Common Determinants of Dental Caries and Obesity in Children: A Multi-Ethnic Nested Birth Cohort Study in the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312561. [PMID: 34886288 PMCID: PMC8657070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The article examines the common determinants of childhood dental caries and obesity. Longitudinal data from the Born in Bradford cohort study (BiB1000) (n = 1735) and dental data (dental general anaesthetics (GA) and oral health survey 2014/15) (n = 171) were used to test a framework on the social determinants of childhood dental caries (decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) index) and obesity (body mass index (BMI)). The BiB1000 data were collected at pregnancy week 26–28 and after birth at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. The determinants were demographics, wellbeing, socio-economic status (SES), dietary behaviours and physical activity behaviour of the children. Missing data were accounted for through multiple imputation (MI). The framework was tested through structural equation modelling. Overall, the model fit was adequate. No alcohol consumption of the mother after giving birth, higher frequency of child drinking sugar-sweetened beverages, emotional and behavioural difficulties of the child and being male were directly associated with both BMI and dental caries. Caregivers uninvolved or indulgent feeding style were associated with higher BMI and less dental caries. Social deprivation was associated with lower BMI and higher dmft. Five determinants were directly associated with BMI only. Fifteen indirect paths were significant for both child dental caries and BMI. The findings suggest common determinants for both childhood obesity and dental caries. Common risk factor approach seems appropriate for planning future health promotion programmes.
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Lee H, La IS. Latent Class Analysis of Obesogenic Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Associations with Weight-Related Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111059. [PMID: 34769578 PMCID: PMC8583616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore sex-specific latent class models of adolescent obesogenic behaviors (OBs), predictors of latent class membership (LCM), and associations between LCM and weight-related outcomes (i.e., weight status and unhealthy weight control behaviors). We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To identify latent classes for boys (n = 29,841) and girls (n = 27,462), we conducted a multiple-group latent class analysis using eight OBs (e.g., breakfast skipping, physical activity, and tobacco product use). Moreover, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis and a three-step method to examine associations of LCM with predictors and weight-related outcomes. Among both sexes, the 3-class models best fit the data: (a) mostly healthy behavior class, (b) poor dietary habits and high Internet use class, and (c) poor dietary habits and substance use class. School year, residential area, academic performance, and psychological status predicted the LCM for both sexes. In addition, perceived economic status predicted the LCM for girls. The distribution of weight-related outcomes differed across sex-specific classes. Our findings highlight the importance of developing obesity prevention and treatment interventions tailored to each homogeneous pattern of adolescent OBs, considering differences in their associations with predictors and weight-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - In-Seo La
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0883
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Sex differences in younger school age children’s body weight categories. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The issue of inadequate or excessive children’s body weight, particularly in relation to their health, is also discussed by Czech experts in physical anthropology, auxology, paediatrics, endocrinology, etc. Overweight and obesity occur already at a younger school age, and some domestic and foreign sources report a higher prevalence in boys.
The objective of this study was to describe distribution range in body weight categories among Czech children of younger school age (6 to 11 years) taking into account age and sex.
Our research was carried out at 23 primary schools in 5 regions of the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2018. The research group consisted of 2,099 children aged 6 to 11 years (boys n = 1,015, 48.4%; girls n = 1,084, 51.6%). Probands were subjected to the standard anthropometric examination with body weight being assessed using the following assessment standards: the Czech national growth references, Nationwide Anthropological Survey of Czech Children and Adolescents (NAS), World Health Organisation (WHO) growth standards, and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) references were used. Statistical tests were carried out at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05; residual analysis.
According to all three assessment standards, the highest prevalence of children with normal body weight was in both sexes; 45.8% of girls and 48.4% of boys, using the Czech assessment reference. Overweight and obesity were more predominant in boys (7.9% and 8.7%) than in girls (7.7% and 7.5%). One point seven percent of boys and girls were equally underweight, whereas the percentage of girls (22.3%) with reduced body weight was higher than in boys (20.3%). A significant difference between boys and girls was found in the category of reduced body weight in nine-year-old children. Using internationally recommended BMI references, more children fell into the category of normal body weight. Significant differences, in accordance with IOTF, between the number of severely underweight boys and girls were observed in 7-year-olds, slightly underweight in 9- and 11-year-olds, and overweight in 7-year-olds. In accordance with the WHO growth standards, significant differences appeared between eight-year-olds and eleven-year-olds obese boys and girls.
Our research study revealed the prevalence in younger school age children body weight categories. Different BMI references were used to classify body weight. Significant differences between the number of boys and girls were observed in certain weight categories in seven-year-old, eight-year-old, nine-year-old and eleven-year-old children. Thus, the study confirmed the presence of differences in the number of boys and girls in specific body weight categories.
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Anderson LN, Fatima T, Shah B, Smith BT, Fuller AE, Borkhoff CM, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Maguire JL, Birken CS. Income and neighbourhood deprivation in relation to obesity in urban dwelling children 0-12 years of age: a cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2019. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 76:274-280. [PMID: 34489332 PMCID: PMC8862044 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a major public health concern. This study evaluated the independent and joint associations of family-level income, neighbourhood-level income and neighbourhood deprivation, in relation to child obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in children ≤12 years of age from TARGet Kids! primary care network (Greater Toronto Area, 2013-2019). Parent-reported family income was compared with median neighbourhood income and neighbourhood deprivation measured using the Ontario Marginalization Index. Children's height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) z-scores (zBMI) were calculated. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated for the three exposure variables separately using multilevel multinomial logistic regression models with zBMI categories as the outcome, adjusting in model 1 for age, sex, ethnicity and number of family members and in model 2 adding family income. A joint measure was derived combining income and deprivation measures. RESULTS A total of 5962 children were included. Low family income (Q1 vs Q5: OR=4.69, 95% CI 2.65 to 8.29), low neighbourhood income (Q1 vs Q5: OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.58) and high neighbourhood deprivation (Q1 vs Q5: OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.95) were each associated with increased OR of child obesity. However, after adjustment for family income, the association for both neighbourhood income (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.34) and deprivation (OR=1.56, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.58) and obesity was attenuated. Children from low-income families living in low-income or high deprivation neighbourhoods had higher OR of obesity. CONCLUSION Child obesity was independently associated with low family-level income and a joint measure suggests that neighbourhood also matters. Socioeconomic inequalities at both individual and neighbourhood levels should be addressed in childhood obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Anderson
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tooba Fatima
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bindra Shah
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan T Smith
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne E Fuller
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Paediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bôto JM, Marreiros A, Diogo P, Pinto E, Mateus MP. Health behaviours as predictors of the Mediterranean diet adherence: a decision tree approach. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-13. [PMID: 34369348 PMCID: PMC9991829 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify health behaviours that determine adolescent's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) through a decision tree statistical approach. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, with data collected through a self-fulfilment questionnaire with five sections: (1) eating habits; (2) adherence to the MD (KIDMED index); (3) physical activity; (4) health habits and (5) socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected by a trained research team. The Automatic Chi-square Interaction Detection (CHAID) method was used to identify health behaviours that contribute to a better adherence to the MD. SETTING Eight public secondary schools, in Algarve, Portugal. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents with ages between 15 and 19 years (n 325). RESULTS According to the KIDMED index, we found a low adherence to MD in 9·0 % of the participants, an intermediate adherence in 45·5 % and a high adherence in 45·5 %. Participants that regularly have breakfast, eat vegetable soup, have a second piece of fruit/d, eat fresh or cooked vegetables 1 or more times a day, eat oleaginous fruits at least 2 to 3 times a week, and practice sports and leisure physical activities outside school show higher adherence to the MD (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS The daily intake of two pieces of fruit and vegetables proved to be a determinant health behaviour for high adherence to MD. Strategies to promote the intake of these foods among adolescents must be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Margarida Bôto
- University of Algarve – School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- University of Algarve – School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Diogo
- University of Algarve – School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
- Necton SA, Olhão, Algarve, Portugal
| | - Ezequiel Pinto
- University of Algarve – School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Health Studies and Development, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Palma Mateus
- University of Algarve – School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Faro, Portugal
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31
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Time trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007-2019): repeated cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5318-5328. [PMID: 34342262 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. DESIGN Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. SETTING Public primary, middle and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (n 172 603). RESULTS According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, respectively, increased from 17·73 % and 21·37 % in 2007 to 20·19 % and 28·39 % in 2019 (Pfor trend < 0·001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z-score. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.
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Mavrogianni C, Moschonis G, Karaglani E, Cardon G, Iotova V, De Miguel-Etayo P, González-Gil EM, Tsochev Κ, Tankova T, Rurik I, Timpel P, Antal E, Liatis S, Makrilakis K, Chrousos GP, Manios Y. European Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation (CORE) index based on perinatal factors and maternal sociodemographic characteristics: the Feel4Diabetes-study. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2549-2561. [PMID: 33987685 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and examine the predictive accuracy of an index that estimates obesity risk in childhood based on perinatal factors and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Analysis was conducted by using cross-sectional and retrospective data collected from a European cohort of 2775 schoolchildren and their families participating in the Feel4Diabetes-study. The cohort was randomly divided by using two-thirds of the sample for the development of the index and the remaining one third for assessing its predictive accuracy. Logistic regression analyses determined a prediction model for childhood obesity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated. Cut-off analysis was applied to identify the optimal value of the index score that predicts obesity with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity. Eight factors were found to be significantly associated with obesity and were included as components in the European "Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation" (CORE) index: region of residence, maternal education, maternal pre-pregnancy weight status, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight for gestational age, infant growth velocity, and exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months. Risk score ranged from 0 to 22 corresponding to a risk from 0.9 to 54.6%. The AUC-ROC was 0.725 with optimal cut-off ≥9 (sensitivity = 74.1%, specificity = 61.0%, PPV = 11.3%, NPV = 97.2%).Conclusion: The European CORE index can be used as a screening tool for the identification of infants at high-risk for becoming obese at 6-9 years. This tool could assist healthcare professionals in initiating preventive measures from the early life.Trial registration: The Feel4Diabetes-intervention is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; number, CT02393872; date, March 20, 2015. What is Known: • As prevention of obesity should start early in life, there is a compelling rationale for the early identification of high-risk children to facilitate targeted intervention. What is New: • This study developed and assessed the predictive accuracy of an index for the Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation (CORE), combining certain perinatal factors and maternal sociodemographic characteristics in a large European cohort. • The European CORE index can be used as a screening tool for identifying infants at high-risk for becoming obese at 6-9 years and assist health professionals in initiating early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28020, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28020, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Κaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Department of Diabetology, Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrick Timpel
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Deutschland, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stavros Liatis
- University of Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- University of Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave, 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
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Brooks CG, Spencer JR, Sprafka JM, Roehl KA, Ma J, Londhe AA, He F, Cheng A, Brown CA, Page J. Pediatric BMI changes during COVID-19 pandemic: An electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:101026. [PMID: 34337366 PMCID: PMC8318998 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted different aspects of life. The impact on children's rate of weight gain has not been analysed. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we used United States (US) Electronic Health Record (EHR) data from Optum® to calculate the age- and sex- adjusted change in BMI (∆BMIadj) in individual 6-to-17-year-old children between two well child checks (WCCs). The mean of individual ∆BMIadj during 2017-2020 was calculated by month. For September-December WCCs, the mean of individual ∆BMIadj (overall and by subgroup) was reported for 2020 and 2017-2019, and the impact of 2020 vs 2017-2019 was tested by multivariable linear regression. FINDINGS The mean [95% Confidence Interval - CI] ∆BMIadj in September-December of 2020 was 0·62 [0·59,0·64] kg/m2, compared to 0·31 [0·29, 0·32] kg/m2 in previous years. The increase was most prominent in children with pre-existing obesity (1·16 [1·07,1·24] kg/m2 in 2020 versus 0·56 [0·52,0·61] kg/m2 in previous years), Hispanic children (0·93 [0·84,1·02] kg/m2 in 2020 versus 0·41 [0·36,0·46] kg/m2 in previous years), and children who lack commercial insurance (0·88 [0·81,0·95] kg/m2 in 2020 compared to 0·43 [0·39,0·47] kg/m2 in previous years). ∆BMIadj accelerated most in ages 8-12 and least in ages 15-17. INTERPRETATION Children's rate of unhealthy weight gain increased notably during the COVID-19 pandemic across demographic groups, and most prominently in children already vulnerable to unhealthy weight gain. This data can inform policy decisions critical to child development and health as the pandemic continues to unfold. FUNDING Amgen, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne G. Brooks
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jessica R. Spencer
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
- SimulStat Inc, Solana Beach, 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - J. Michael Sprafka
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
- Woodford Research Associates, 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Roehl
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Junjie Ma
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Ajit A. Londhe
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Fang He
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Alvan Cheng
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Brown
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
| | - John Page
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., 1000 E Oaks Blvd, One Amgen Ctr. Dr. M/S 24-1-C, Thousand Oaks, California 91362, United States
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An index measuring adherence to New Zealand Infant Feeding Guidelines has convergent validity with maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with children's body size. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1073-1085. [PMID: 34212833 PMCID: PMC8924492 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using data from a nationally generalisable birth cohort, we aimed to: (i) describe the cohort’s adherence to national evidence-based dietary guidelines using an Infant Feeding Index (IFI) and (ii) assess the IFI’s convergent construct validity, by exploring associations with antenatal maternal socio-demographic and health behaviours and with child overweight/obesity and central adiposity at age 54 months. Data were from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort (n 6343). The IFI scores ranged from zero to twelve points, with twelve representing full adherence to the guidelines. Overweight/obesity was defined by BMI-for-age (based on the WHO Growth Standards). Central adiposity was defined as waist-to-height ratio > 90th percentile. Associations were tested using multiple linear regression and Poisson regression with robust variance (risk ratios, 95 % CI). Mean IFI score was 8·2 (sd 2·1). Maternal characteristics explained 29·1 % of variation in the IFI score. Maternal age, education and smoking had the strongest independent relationships with IFI scores. Compared with children in the highest IFI tertile, girls in the lowest and middle tertiles were more likely to be overweight/obese (1·46, 1·03, 2·06 and 1·56, 1·09, 2·23, respectively) and boys in the lowest tertile were more likely to have central adiposity (1·53, 1·02, 2·30) at age 54 months. Most infants fell short of meeting national Infant Feeding Guidelines. The associations between IFI score and maternal characteristics, and children’s overweight/obesity/central adiposity, were in the expected directions and confirm the IFI’s convergent construct validity.
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Castronuovo L, Guarnieri L, Tiscornia MV, Allemandi L. Food marketing and gender among children and adolescents: a scoping review. Nutr J 2021; 20:52. [PMID: 34099000 PMCID: PMC8186097 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pervasive marketing of unhealthy foods is a contributing factor to the growth of the global epidemic of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity. Sex and gender differences come into play in the design of and responses to these marketing strategies, contributing to the perpetuation of stereotyped behavior and generating disparities in food choices and health. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding gender differences in food marketing design and perception among children and adolescents to facilitate evidence-based policy dialogues to address gender-based health disparities in NCD prevention. METHODS Scoping review of articles published in scientific journals in English and Spanish, from 2003 to 2018, that addressed the influence of food marketing among children and adolescents including a gender perspective. The methodological quality of each article was assessed following criteria specific to each study design. RESULTS From a total of 37 articles (39 studies) included in the review, 17 were experimental and 22 had descriptive, cross-sectional designs. Twenty-one studies were found to have low methodological quality, while 10 and 8 were of medium and high quality, respectively. A total of 23 studies among children and adolescents found gender-based differences. Differences were found in the following dimensions: food marketing on intake; responses to specific marketing; perceptions and attitudes towards food marketing and marketing regulation initiatives; exposure to food advertising and gendered marketing content. The evidence was not conclusive in any of the dimensions. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that food marketing has a similar impact on the consumption of unhealthy foods on boys and girls, but boys were found to be exposed to food advertising more intensively and their preferences to be more affected by this exposure, coinciding with a male-dominant advertising content. Limitations of these studies include taking gender as an unproblematic construct equivalent to biological sex and the lack of studies focused on developing countries. As gender is a cross-sectional dimension that interacts with other factors driving health disparities, an integrated gender perspective is needed to develop effective, evidence-based policies to control food marketing and tackle the childhood overweight and obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Castronuovo
- Fundación Interamericana del Corazón Argentina, Arévalo 2364 1° A, 1425 Caba, Argentina
| | - Leila Guarnieri
- Fundación Interamericana del Corazón Argentina, Arévalo 2364 1° A, 1425 Caba, Argentina
| | | | - Lorena Allemandi
- PanAmerican Health Organization (consultant), Calle 43 n 1095, 6360 General Pico, La Pampa Argentina
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Stennett M, Blokland A, Watt RG, Heilmann A. Mid-adolescent ethnic variations in overweight prevalence in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:396-402. [PMID: 33895848 PMCID: PMC8565477 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are stark ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of UK childhood obesity. However, data on adolescent overweight in different ethnic groups are limited. This study assessed ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence during mid-adolescence using body mass index (BMI) and explored the contribution of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. METHODS We analyzed data from 10 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years who participated in sweep six of the Millennium Cohort Study. Ethnic inequalities in overweight and mean BMI were assessed using multiple regression models. Results were stratified by sex and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioural factors. RESULTS Black Caribbean males had significantly higher BMI than White males after full adjustment [excess BMI 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-5.19] and were over three times more likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR): 3.32, 95% CI 1.95-5.66]. Black Africans females had significantly higher BMI compared with White females (excess BMI 1.86, 95% CI 0.89-2.83; OR for overweight 2.74, 95% CI 1.64-4.56), while Indian females had significantly lower BMI compared with White females (reduced BMI -0.73, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.09). Socioeconomic and behavioural factors often considered to be associated with overweight were more prevalent in some ethnic minority groups (lower socioeconomic position, lack of breakfast consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption, and infrequent physical activity), but adjustment for these factors did not fully explain ethnic differences in overweight/BMI. CONCLUSION Ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence are evident in mid-adolescence and vary according to sex. Differences in overweight/BMI between ethnic groups were not fully accounted for by socioeconomic or behavioural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Stennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Blokland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
University College London, London, UK
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Norris T, Hamer M, Hardy R, Li L, Ong KK, Ploubidis GB, Viner R, Johnson W. Changes over time in latent patterns of childhood-to-adulthood BMI development in Great Britain: evidence from three cohorts born in 1946, 1958, and 1970. BMC Med 2021; 19:96. [PMID: 33879138 PMCID: PMC8059270 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on secular trends in body mass index (BMI) are cross-sectional and the few longitudinal studies have typically only investigated changes over time in mean BMI trajectories. We aimed to describe how the evolution of the obesity epidemic in Great Britain reflects shifts in the proportion of the population demonstrating different latent patterns of childhood-to-adulthood BMI development. METHODS We used pooled serial BMI data from 25,655 participants in three British cohorts: the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS), and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS). Sex-specific growth mixture models captured latent patterns of BMI development between 11 and 42 years. The classes were characterised in terms of their birth cohort composition. RESULTS The best models had four classes, broadly similar for both sexes. The 'lowest' class (57% of males; 47% of females) represents the normal weight sub-population, the 'middle' class (16%; 15%) represents the sub-population who likely develop overweight in early/mid-adulthood, and the 'highest' class (6%; 9%) represents those who likely develop obesity in early/mid-adulthood. The remaining class (21%; 29%) reflects a sub-population with rapidly 'increasing' BMI between 11 and 42 years. Both sexes in the 1958 NCDS had greater odds of being in the 'highest' class compared to their peers in the 1946 NSHD but did not have greater odds of being in the 'increasing' class. Conversely, males and females in the 1970 BCS had 2.78 (2.15, 3.60) and 1.87 (1.53, 2.28), respectively, times higher odds of being in the 'increasing' class. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the obesity epidemic in Great Britain reflects not only an upward shift in BMI trajectories but also a more recent increase in the number of individuals demonstrating more rapid weight gain, from normal weight to overweight, across the second, third, and fourth decades of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Norris
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - M Hamer
- UCL Institute Sport Exercise Health , Division Surgery Interventional Science, London, UK
| | - R Hardy
- UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - L Li
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Viner
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - W Johnson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Effects of Nutrition, and Physical Activity Habits and Perceptions on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Children Aged 12-15 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Boys and Girls. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040277. [PMID: 33916861 PMCID: PMC8066370 DOI: 10.3390/children8040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of socioeconomic status, nutrition and physical activity lifestyle habits and perceptions on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children aged 12-15 years in Greece. Furthermore, to compare the difference between the two sexes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on a representative secondary school cohort that included 5144 subjects, aged 12 to 15 years. Students and their parents filled in validated questionnaires evaluating socioeconomic status, nutrition and physical activity. International Obesity Task Force cut offs were used to classify the children. Factor analysis of mixed data and partial proportional ordered logistic models were used to analyze ΒMΙ distributions. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Boys were 2.9 (95%CI: 2.592-3.328) times more likely to be overweight/obese than girls. Partial proportional ordinal models indicate significant associations between nutritional and physical habits and perceptions variables but also significant gender differences in socio-demographic, nutritional risk factors as well as physical activity habits and perceptions. Conclusions: A clear understanding of the factors that contribute to the sex differences in nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions may guide intervention efforts.
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Mei K, Huang H, Xia F, Hong A, Chen X, Zhang C, Qiu G, Chen G, Wang Z, Wang C, Yang B, Xiao Q, Jia P. State-of-the-art of measures of the obesogenic environment for children. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13093. [PMID: 32725754 PMCID: PMC7988549 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Various measures of the obesogenic environment have been proposed and used in childhood obesity research. The variety of measures poses methodological challenges to designing new research because methodological characteristics integral to developing the measures vary across studies. A systematic review has been conducted to examine the associations between different levels of obesogenic environmental measures (objective or perceived) and childhood obesity. The review includes all articles published in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus by 31 December 2018. A total of 339 associations in 101 studies have been identified from 18 countries, of which 78 are cross-sectional. Overall, null associations are predominant. Among studies with non-null associations, negative relationships between healthy food outlets in residential neighbourhoods and childhood obesity is found in seven studies; positive associations between unhealthy food outlets and childhood obesity are found in eight studies, whereas negative associations are found in three studies. Measures of recreational or physical activity facilities around the participants' home are also negatively correlated to childhood obesity in nine out of 15 studies. Results differ by the types of measurement, environmental indicators and geographic units used to characterize obesogenic environments in residential and school neighbourhoods. To improve the study quality and compare reported findings, a reporting standard for spatial epidemiological research should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Mei
- Health Assessment Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Health Assessment Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Xia
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Andy Hong
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ge Qiu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Health Assessment Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peng Jia
- Health Assessment Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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40
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Rice TR, Walther A. Male-Specific Metabolic Considerations Concerning the Prescription of Second-Generation Antipsychotics to Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021; 31:53-55. [PMID: 32614249 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Although males and females gain comparable weight when prescribed second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), males may be uniquely vulnerable to an array of endocrinological, inflammatory, and psychosocial adverse drug effects. Methods: This opinion piece reviews work in each of these three areas for consideration. Results: Androgens may decrease both through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysregulation and as a consequence of increased adiposity. Testosterone has anti-inflammatory properties, and declining levels as well as many other factors may influence overall immunological functioning. Psychosocial stressors are gender specific in obesity, and SGA-induced obesity may affect males in unique and severe ways. Conclusion: This opinion piece supports the framework of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry's Task Force on Men's Mental Health to advocate for further studies concerning the adverse drug effects of SGAs as unique manifested in male children, adolescents, and young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Benito-Ostolaza JM, Echavarri R, Garcia-Prado A, Oses-Eraso N. Using visual stimuli to promote healthy snack choices among children. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matjuda EN, Engwa GA, Anye SNC, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Goswami N. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Relationship with Vascular Dysfunction in South African Children of African Ancestry. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020354. [PMID: 33477761 PMCID: PMC7832309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is known to be an initiator of the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there is paucity of information on the relationship of vascular dysfunction with cardiovascular risk factors in children of African ancestry. This study investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular function in South African children of African ancestry. A cross-sectional study on 6–9-year-old children in randomly selected rural and urban schools of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was conducted. General anthropometric indices were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using a Vicorder. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were assayed in urine. Children from urban settings (10.8%) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than their rural counterparts (8.5%) while the prevalence of elevated/high blood pressure was higher in rural (23.2%) than urban children (19.0%). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased with increasing PWV (p < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) positively associated (p < 0.05) with PWV. Creatinine, albumin and ACR significantly (p < 0.005) increased with increasing ADMA. ADMA associated positively (p < 0.05) with creatinine and 8-OHdG. In conclusion, vascular dysfunction was associated with obesity, high blood pressure, oxidative stress and microalbuminuria in South African children of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna N. Matjuda
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Godwill A. Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Samuel Nkeh Chungag Anye
- MBCHB Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper presents a review of the current literature in support of a model explaining the relationships between sleep health and risk for type 2 diabetes in adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Short sleep duration is associated with risk of developing obesity in youth. Sleep restriction increases energy expenditure, but also increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, causing positive energy balance, impacting appetite-regulating hormones, and leading to increased eating late at night. Insufficient sleep may lead to reduced physical activity and greater sedentary behaviors. In addition, short sleep duration is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. The cumulative negative consequences of insufficient sleep increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Applications to clinical care, public policy, and future research are discussed. Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases risk for type 2 diabetes directly through impact on insulin sensitivity and indirectly through increased dietary intake, sedentary activity, and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Simon
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Janine Higgins
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Edward Melanson
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Gunawardana S, Gunasinghe CB, Harshani MS, Seneviratne SN. Physical and psychosocial quality of life in children with overweight and obesity from Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:86. [PMID: 33413215 PMCID: PMC7792320 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While childhood obesity is rising rapidly in South Asia, there is limited research on quality of life (QoL) of children with overweight and obesity from the region. This study assessed physical and psychosocial QoL in Sri Lankan children attending a specialized obesity clinic, from both children’s and parents’ perspective, and modifiable social factors affecting QoL. Methods We performed cross-cultural translation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) 4.0 (Child-Self Report and Parent-Proxy forms), and assessed self-reported and parental-perception of physical and psychosocial QoL in 8–12 year-olds with overweight and obesity (n=110), referred for obesity management at a tertiary-care children’s hospital in Sri-Lanka. Body mass index (BMI) and pre-selected social factors affecting QoL were also assessed. Data were analyzed by non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation). Results The median physical QoL was lower than psychosocial QoL (78.1vs81.7, p=0.032) and physical QoL was inversely correlated with BMI. Parental-perception of children’s physical and psychosocial QoL correlated with child-reported QoL, but was lower. Being bullied (p=0.001) and not getting regular exercise (p=0.031) were associated with lower psychosocial QoL. Both physical and psychosocial QoL were lower in children having difficulties in finding suitable clothes (p< 0.001). Conclusions Children with overweight and obesity from Sri Lanka appeared to have greater impairment of physical QoL than psychosocial QoL. Higher BMI, bullying, lack of regular exercise and lack of suitable clothing, negatively affected QoL. Potential strategies to improve QoL include promoting regular exercise, addressing bullying and promoting availability of children’s clothes in larger sizes to fit children with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gunawardana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No 25, Kynsey road, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - C B Gunasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No 25, Kynsey road, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - M S Harshani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No 25, Kynsey road, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - S N Seneviratne
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, No.25, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Elia C, Karamanos A, Dregan A, O’Keeffe M, Wolfe I, Sandall J, Morgan C, Cruickshank JK, Gobin R, Wilks R, Harding S. Association of macro-level determinants with adolescent overweight and suicidal ideation with planning: A cross-sectional study of 21 Latin American and Caribbean Countries. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003443. [PMID: 33373361 PMCID: PMC7771665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young people (10-24 years old) in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region represent approximately 25% of the region's population. Since the 2008 global economic crisis, the pace of reduction in poverty and income inequality in the LAC region has stalled. The region is characterised by high levels of inequities and is also vulnerable to many natural disasters. Food systems are changing with increased availability and marketing of packaged and fast foods and sugar-sweetened drinks. Adolescence is a formative phase of the life course with multiple physical, emotional and social changes which can make them vulnerable to health problems. We assess the potential impact of macro-determinants, human and economic development as well as income inequality, on 2 top-ranking regional priorities for adolescent nutrition and mental health, using measures of overweight and suicidal ideation and planning which some have shown to be associated. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) is a nationally representative self-administered, school-based survey. We examined overweight/obesity and suicidal ideation with planning by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita or human development index (HDI) in 10-19-year-old adolescents from 21 LAC countries between 2009 and 2013. Sample sizes varied from 943 in Anguilla to 27,988 in Argentina. A total of 55,295 adolescents had a measure of overweight/obesity status, and 59,061 adolescents reported about suicidal ideation with planning. There was equal representation by sex in the surveys (52% girls and 48% boys). A total of 28.8% of boys and 28.1% of girls had overweight/obesity, and 7.5% of boys and 17.5% of girls reported suicidal ideation with planning over the last 12 months. Adjusted for individual socioeconomic and risk behaviours, and relative to the highest GDP per capita tertile, the middle tertile was associated with 42% (95% confidence interval (CI) 59% to 17%, p = 0.003) and 32% (95% CI 60% to 5%, p = 0.023), and the lowest tertile with 40% (95% CI 55% to 19%, p = 0.001) and 46% (95% CI 59% to 29%, p < 0.001) lower chances of overweight/obesity for girls and boys, respectively. A similar positive effect was seen with HDI, with lowest chances of overweight in the lowest tertile compared with the highest tertile for both sexes. Overweight/obesity was positively related with suicidal ideation with planning for girls (odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22, p = 0.009) and weakly related for boys (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.24, p = 0.182). In contrast to overweight/obesity status, suicidal ideation with planning was not related to macro-level indices despite both outcomes sharing common individual socioeconomic and risk behaviour correlates. Limitations include the dominance of Argentinians in the sample (40%), the exclusion of vulnerable adolescents who dropped out of school, and reporting bias due to stigma of mental health-related issues. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that economic and human development were positively associated with adolescent overweight/obesity but not with suicidal ideation with planning. We also observed an interconnectedness between overweight/obesity and suicide ideation with planning among girls. These findings highlight the importance of strategies that engage with both upstream and downstream determinants to improve adolescent nutrition and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Elia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Karamanos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandru Dregan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Majella O’Keeffe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Wolfe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Sandall
- School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kennedy Cruickshank
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Reeta Gobin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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Mak IL, Cohen TR, Vanstone CA, Weiler HA. Increased adiposity in children with obesity is associated with low red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid status and inadequate polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary intake. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12689. [PMID: 32662950 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between total dietary fat intake and measures of body fatness in children with obesity remains inconsistent. This study aimed to determine whether dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and LCPUFA status relate to body composition in children with obesity. Children (n = 63, 9.0 ± 0.2 year, BMI Z-score 3.1 ± 0.2) were divided into tertiles of percentage body fat assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Diet was assessed 3-days food diaries. Fatty acid proportions in red blood cells (RBC) were measured by gas chromatography. Data stratified by sex and Tanner stages were compared with a MIXED model ANOVA. Associations between RBC fatty acid status and dietary intakes were examined with Spearman correlation. Moderate correlations were observed between RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportions, dietary EPA and DHA (r = 0.39, P < .05) as well as fish servings (r = 0.33, P < .05). Dietary LCPUFA did not differ among tertiles. Children in tertile 3 had lower RBC α-linolenic acid (-40%) and EPA + DHA (-15%) proportions adjusted for age, Tanner stages and race compared with tertile 1. The lower omega-3 LCPUFA status in children with greater adiposity is consistent with suboptimal intakes of omega-3 LCPUFA and fish in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Mak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamara R Cohen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schroeder K, Day S, Konty K, Dumenci L, Lipman T. The impact of change in neighborhood poverty on BMI trajectory of 37,544 New York City youth: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1676. [PMID: 33167949 PMCID: PMC7653753 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood poverty may increase childhood obesity risk. However, evidence for the neighborhood poverty-obesity relationship is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood impacts body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories among youth, with the goal of informing policy change, interventions, and clinical practices to reduce childhood obesity. METHODS Methods entailed secondary analysis of existing longitudinal data. The sample included youth attending New York City public schools in grades kindergarten through twelfth from school years 2006/2007 through 2016/2017. Eligibility criteria included moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood during the data midpoint [school years 2010/2011 through 2013/2014] of the 12-year data-period; New York City-specific metrics were used to define both neighborhood (Neighborhood Tabulation Area) and relevant neighborhood poverty levels (< 5, 5 to < 10%, 10 to < 20%, 20 to < 30%, 30 to < 40% and ≥ 40% of individuals below Federal Poverty Level). Two-piece latent growth curve models were used to describe BMI z-score trajectories of youth who moved to higher versus lower poverty neighborhoods, with propensity score weighting to account for preexisting differences between the two groups. Primary analyses were stratified by sex and exploratory subgroup analyses were stratified by sex and developmental stage (early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence) to explore sensitive periods for neighborhood poverty exposure. RESULTS Of 532,513 youth with home address data, 18,370 youth moved to a higher poverty neighborhood and 19,174 moved to a lower poverty neighborhood (n = 37,544). Females and males who moved to a higher poverty neighborhood experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small. Exploratory subgroup analyses demonstrated that negative effects of neighborhood poverty were most pronounced among young and adolescent females and young males, whereas effects were mixed for other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Youth who moved to higher poverty neighborhoods experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small and most consistent for females and younger youth. Additional research is needed to illuminate neighborhood poverty's impact on obesity, in order to inform policy, intervention, clinical, and research efforts to reduce obesity and improve child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Schroeder
- Temple University College of Public Health, 1101 West Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Sophia Day
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, 42-09 28th Street, 14th floor, Long Island City, NY 11101 USA
| | - Kevin Konty
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of School Health, 42-09 28th Street, 14th floor, Long Island City, NY 11101 USA
| | - Levent Dumenci
- Temple University College of Public Health, 1101 West Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Terri Lipman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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Bekelman TA, Sauder KA, Rockette-Wagner B, Glueck DH, Dabelea D. Sociodemographic Predictors of Adherence to National Diet and Physical Activity Guidelines at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:514-524. [PMID: 33118362 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120968654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines, and identify sociodemographic predictors of adherence among children. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Colorado, United States. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 5 (n = 482). MEASURES Sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal employment, maternal subjective social status and household income were assessed via questionnaires. Diet was assessed via 2 interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. Physical activity was objectively-measured with accelerometry for 7 days. Adherence was defined as a Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of ≥70 and/or ≥6 hours/day of light, moderate and vigorous activity. ANALYSIS For each predictor, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adherence to the diet guidelines only, the activity guidelines only or both guidelines. RESULTS In the full sample, 29% of children were non-adherent to both guidelines, 6% adhered to the dietary guidelines only, 50% adhered to the activity guidelines only and 14% adhered to both. Girls had a 41% lower odds of adhering to the physical activity guidelines than boys (p = 0.01), after adjustment for race/ethnicity, household income and maternal education level, perceived social status and employment status. CONCLUSION Efforts to improve the health of young children should promote adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans among all children. Targeted interventions that increase physical activity among girls may help to mitigate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Overweight and Obesity in Children of Immigrant Versus Native Parents: Exploring a Local Setting in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217897. [PMID: 33126527 PMCID: PMC7663684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Portugal, the majority of immigrants come from Portuguese-speaking countries. Among children, overweight and obesity are serious public health concerns, but a few studies include children with immigrant background. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and risk of abdominal obesity in school-age children and to explore potential determinants, considering the origin of the children’s parents (both mother and father are non-Portuguese, only one Portuguese, and both are Portuguese). A cross-sectional study included a random sample of 789 children (5–11 years old, 49.2% of males and 50.8% female) attending public primary schools in Barreiro, district of Setubal, Portugal. Fieldwork occurred from 20th April to 3rd July 2009. Data concerning socioeconomic, eating habits, and sports outside school were obtained through a questionnaire applied to the children’s person in charge. Anthropometric measures were collected by certified technicians. One-third of the children presented overweight and obesity (33.7%, 95% CI [30.0; 37.7]) and risk of abdominal obesity (16.4%, 95% CI [13.6; 19.7]) without differences according to parents’ origin. Children with immigrant background presented higher consumption of low-priced, high-sugar, and high-fat foods, with a worse situation for girls. Females from both non-Portuguese parents also practiced less sports outside school than those where one or two parents are Portuguese. Thus, promoting and monitoring a healthy diet and physical activity in this group should be prioritized in this local setting.
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Abstract
The climate crisis is the existential threat of our times and for generations to come. This is no longer a threat but a reality affecting us, our children, and the generations that follow. Pregnant mothers, their fetuses, and their children are among those at greatest risk in every population and every jurisdiction. A timely consideration is the health of racialized groups who are particularly vulnerable owing to the confluence of several risk factors that are compounded by climate change. Included among these are Indigenous communities that are the most directly threatened by climate change. This review discusses the main health challenges faced by mothers, fathers, and their children during the climate crisis, focusing on mental health as a causal factor. Exploration of this topic includes the role of prenatal maternal and paternal stresses, allostatic load, and the effect of degradation of the environment and ecosystems on individuals. These will be examined in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and altered developmental trajectories of children. The climate crisis is a health threat multiplier that amplifies the health inequities of the most at-risk populations and individuals. It accelerates the increase in allostatic load of those at risk. The path of tragedy begins with an accumulating allostatic load that overwhelms both individual and socio-ecological resilience. This can lead to worse mental health including depression and anxiety and, in the case of pregnant women and their children, more adverse pregnancy outcomes and impaired developmental trajectories for their newborn children. We argue that there is an urgent need to develop new (or re-discover or re-purpose existing) tools that will predict communities and individuals who are experiencing the highest levels of climate-related hazards and intervene to reduce stress and increase resilience in pre-conceptual women and men, pregnant and post-partum women, and their young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, 220 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
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