1
|
Callanan S, Killeen SL, Delahunt A, O'Brien EC, Geraghty AA, Cushion R, Gainfort A, Crowley RK, Twomey PJ, McDonnell CM, McAuliffe FM. Associations of childhood physical activity and screen time with cardiometabolic health in preteens who were born to mothers with previous macrosomic delivery: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13178. [PMID: 39363486 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrosomia (birthweight ≥4 kg) may alter the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) throughout childhood with later cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of PA and ST over a 4-6-year follow-up period with cardiometabolic outcomes in preteens (9-11-year-olds) who were born to mothers with previous macrosomic delivery. METHODS This is an analysis of 402 preteens from the ROLO study, who were born to mothers that previously delivered an infant with macrosomia. Parental-reported measures of PA and ST were obtained in early childhood at 5-years of age. Preteen self-reported PA, parental-reported ST, anthropometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiorespiratory endurance, and blood biomarkers were obtained at 9-11-years. Crude and adjusted linear regression models explored associations and the interaction of birthweight was investigated in all models. RESULTS Early childhood PA and ST at the 5-year follow-up were not related to preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. In adjusted models, higher preteen PA was associated with lower sum of skinfolds (B = -3.00, 95% CI -5.98, -0.02, p = 0.048) and higher cardiorespiratory endurance (B = 0.50, 95% CI 0.20, 0.80, p = 0.001) at the same time point. No strong evidence for modification by birthweight was found. CONCLUSION Higher preteen PA may have potential benefits for cardiometabolic health, irrespective of birthweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Callanan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Delahunt
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen C O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemary Cushion
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy Gainfort
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel K Crowley
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M McDonnell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Health Ireland, Temple Street Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Hermosa A, Sánchez-López M, Castro-Piñero J, Grao-Cruces A, Camiletti-Moirón D, Martins J, Mota J, Ceciliani A, Murphy M, Vuillemin A, Sánchez-Oliva D. The Erasmus+ EUMOVE project-a school-based promotion of healthy lifestyles to prevent obesity in European children and adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:955-961. [PMID: 39074353 PMCID: PMC11430908 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the goals, activities, and methods of EUMOVE project in developing a set of resources targeting both primary and secondary schools that allow the entire educational community to promote healthy lifestyles (HL). The EUMOVE project is an Erasmus+ program based in the Creating Active Schools (CAS) framework. The project lasted 3 years and was developed by 14 academic and non-governmental institutions from Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the UK. EUMOVE was divided into three phases. In the first phase, several work packages were carried out aimed to ensure the coordination/management of the project activities. In the second phase, seven educational resources strengthened by rigorous scientific research were developed to promote HL from schools. During the last phase, all the resources were disseminated through scientific seminars, workshops with families and teachers, and the online promotion by the non-governmental institutions of each country. The EUMOVE project developed and promoted a smartphone APP, video/activity repository of physically active lessons, active break virtual platform, learning units, and parent/teachers/school-leaders' guidelines to promote physical activity, active commuting, active school playgrounds, healthy diet, and sleep habits. To our knowledge, EUMOVE is the first European project to provide a set of practical tools based on scientific evidence to help schools or future school-wide interventions implement a paradigm shift based on the CAS framework for the promotion of HL. Future research will need to investigate the implementation, effectiveness, and scalability of this proposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ruiz-Hermosa
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Grao-Cruces
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - João Martins
- Pedagogical Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Ceciliani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie Murphy
- Centre for Exercise, Physical Activity, Medicine and Health, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Vuillemin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okkenhaug I, Jensen MR, Solhaug S. Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity Among Children and Youth With Autism-A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:965-979. [PMID: 39151899 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically synthesize barriers and facilitators for physical activity (PA) among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the socioecological model. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched in March 2022 for studies examining barriers and facilitators for PA among children and youth with ASD. An updated search was performed in April 2024. The framework synthesis method was utilized, and the socioecological model was the chosen framework. RESULTS Fifty-four studies published from 2008 to 2024 were included. Among the included studies, 57% included the perspectives of children and youth with ASD alone or together with proxies (eg, parents, teachers, and coaches), while 43% included only the perspectives of proxies. Barriers and facilitators on the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels were most substantial. The analysis led to 2 main categories of barriers and facilitators, those unique to children and youth with ASD, and those similar to what had been identified through research on children and youth, both typically developing and with other disabilities. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive scoping review shows the complexity of factors contributing to barriers and facilitators for PA among children and youth with ASD, and highlights both the factors unique to this population and more general factors affecting PA participation. The findings from this synthesis might be used to guide the development of inclusive PA in physical education, organized sports, and other community PA arenas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Okkenhaug
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Rom Jensen
- Library Section for Research Support, Data and Analysis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solvor Solhaug
- Library Section for Research Support, Data and Analysis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bratteteig M, Rueegg CS, Lie HC, Thorsen L, Larsen EH, Larsen MH, Torsvik IK, Götte M, Järvelä LS, Kriemler S, Larsen HB, Anderssen SA, Ruud E, Grydeland M. Physical activity behaviors and screen time in young childhood cancer survivors: the Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors Study. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01671-7. [PMID: 39287916 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In childhood cancer survivors (CCS), high physical activity (PA) and low sedentary time may reduce risks of late-effects. PA behaviors and screen time, and how they relate to moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in CCS, are largely unknown. We examined PA behaviors and screen time, and their cross-sectional associations with MVPA. METHODS CCS from any cancer diagnosis (≥ l year post-treatment), aged 9-16 years at study, were eligible in the international Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) study. PA behaviors (school transport, intensity-effort in physical education ("PE intensity"), leisure-time PA) and screen time were assessed by self-report, and MVPA by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X-BT). Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess associations between PA behaviors and screen time with MVPA. RESULTS We included 481 CCS (48% girls, mean age 12.2 years). Passive school transport (prevalence 42%) was associated with 10% lower MVPA/day (β = 6.6 min, 95% CI 3.3-10.0), low PE intensity (prevalence 21%) with 16% lower MVPA/day (β = 10.2 min, 95% CI 6.0-14.3), and low leisure-time PA (prevalence 34%) with 15% lower MVPA/day (β = 9.4 min, 95% CI 1.0-17.7), compared to active school transport, high PE intensity and high leisure-time PA, respectively. High screen time was not associated with MVPA. CONCLUSION Interventions aiming to increase PA behaviors rather than reducing screen time may be more efficient in promoting a healthy lifestyle in CCS through increased MVPA. Encouraging active transport, high PE intensity, and high leisure-time PA seems important in survivorship care. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Young CCS may benefit from engaging in active transport, high PE intensity, and high leisure-time PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Bratteteig
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corina S Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanne C Lie
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Thorsen
- National Advisory Unit On Late-Effects After Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elna H Larsen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie H Larsen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid K Torsvik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miriam Götte
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Liisa S Järvelä
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health & Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanne B Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014 Ullevaal Stadion, NO-0806, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Unger A, Schwarzenlander A, Wilke J. Policies and opportunities for physical activity engagement in Austrian schools: a census survey. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17794. [PMID: 39157767 PMCID: PMC11328834 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Compelling evidence suggests that schools' infrastructure and policy represent potential predictors of health and physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. However, the translation of these findings into practice has not been examined. This study investigated the activity friendliness of Austrian schools. Methods Using a census sampling method, principals of Austrian schools (n = 342) were invited to participate in an online survey assessing 1) the availability of PA facilities (e.g. playgrounds, sports courts, swimming halls) and 2) applied PA policies (e.g. cooperation with sports clubs and involvement in PA projects). Results A total of 130 principals answered the survey which corresponds to a minimal response rate of 38%. While most schools (87.4%, n = 111) had a gymnastic hall, only one third (37%, n = 47) had access to a swimming hall. On average, the schools had 4.2 ± 2 PA facilities with significant variation between school types (i.e., high schools: 5 ± 2 vs. primary schools: 3.5 ± 2, p < 0.05). The most common facilities were meadow areas (89%, n = 113), sports fields (71.7%, n = 91), and playgrounds (64.6%, n = 82). Almost half of the schools were part of a PA project (e.g. "active break", 45%, n = 56) and offered extracurricular PA programs and courses (54%, n = 67), but only one in five (22%, n = 27) regularly conducted fitness tests. PA policies varied between school types (p < 0.05) but almost all principals (94%, n = 117) would welcome a stronger promotion of activity friendliness at their school. Conclusion Schools are mostly activity-friendly regarding infrastructure although the limited possibilities for swimming lessons seem worrisome. PA promotion through projects, extracurricular PA offerings and fitness tests may be expanded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Unger
- Department of Sport Science, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria
- Department of Secondary Level, University of Teacher Education, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria
| | | | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sport Science, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grasaas E, Ostojic S, Sandbakk Ø. Associations between levels of physical activity and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1437747. [PMID: 39149573 PMCID: PMC11324472 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1437747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A robust association between physical activity (PA) and satisfaction with life (SWL) has been established, wherein self-efficacy has been identified as a mediator across different populations. However, there is a need to further examine the relationship between PA and SWL and whether self-efficacy act a as mediator within different levels of PA among Norwegian adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the relationship between levels of PA and SWL by testing for self-efficacy as a possible mediator. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2022 Norwegian Ungdata Survey was utilized. Data included demographics and various health data that was collected anonymously. The electronic survey took place in classrooms and was administered by the respective teacher. Permission to access and use data was approved by the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (SIKT). Statistical analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro by Andrew Hayes for SPSS software. Results Descriptive findings revealed that girls reported lower self-efficacy than boys (14.2 vs. 15.5, with a maximum of 20) and lower SWL (6.8 vs. 7.6, with a maximum of 10). About one out of five girls and one out of seven boys reported no days of weekly PA, whereas 4% of girls and 9.5% of boys adhered to the PA-recommendation of 60-min of daily exercise. Associations between PA levels and SWL was mediated by self-efficacy (all p < 0.05), with the highest indirect effect (56.3%) revealed in the association between those adhering to the PA-recommendations and SWL. Conclusions Norwegian girls reported more sedentary behavior, less PA, lower self-efficacy, and lower SWL than boys across all grade levels. Mediation analysis revealed that up to 56.3% of the enhancement in SWL among those adhering to 60-min of PA recommendations was explained by increased self-efficacy. Norwegian government and policymakers should promote initiatives and regulations focusing on higher levels of PA to foster a resilient adolescent population with higher individual beliefs and higher subjective wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Grasaas
- Teacher Education Unit, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sergej Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- School of Sport Science, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanz-Martín D, Ruiz-Tendero G, Alonso-Vargas JM, Melguizo-Ibáñez E. Physical Activity and Perceived Support among Adolescents According to Sex and Municipality. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1512. [PMID: 39120215 PMCID: PMC11311463 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted with three aims: (1) to determine the degree of compliance with physical activity recommendations among adolescents according to sex and place of residence, (2) to determine the perceived support of family and friends for physical activity among adolescents according to sex and place of residence, and (3) to analyse the influence of family and friends support on compliance with physical activity recommendations among adolescents according to sex and place of residence. A total of 694 adolescents from an inland area of Spain (14.06 ± 1.27 years) participated. Four one-day physical activity questionnaires were administered to assess physical activity and the Parental Support Scale and Peer Support to measure perceived support from family and friends regarding physical activity. Chi-square, Crammer's V and Student's tests were calculated to identify differences between variables according to sex and municipality of residence. Moreover, the initial binary logistic regression model was constructed to predict the physical activity compliance. Differences in adherence to physical activity recommendations were found according to the sex of the students (rural area: x2 = 4.192, p < 0.05; V = 0.106, p < 0.05; urban area: x2 = 8.999, p < 0.05; V = 0.167, p < 0.01). There were also sex differences in rural areas on items related to families providing transport (t = 3.878, p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.40) and doing physical activity together (t = 4.974, p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.50). It is concluded that most adolescents do not comply with physical activity recommendations. In addition, 30.4% of urban girls' compliance was predicted by the perception that their family members saw them doing physical activity and doing it with friends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanz-Martín
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
| | - Germán Ruiz-Tendero
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Teaching, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.A.-V.); (E.M.-I.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mateo-Orcajada A, Abenza-Cano L, Molina-Morote JM, Vaquero-Cristóbal R. The influence of physical activity, adherence to Mediterranean diet, and weight status on the psychological well-being of adolescents. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:410. [PMID: 39068446 PMCID: PMC11282856 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The mental health of adolescents is a determining factor for their adequate development, but is influenced by factors such as physical activity, nutrition, gender, and weight status. However, previous research has not analysed differences in psychological status, mainly in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction, among male and female adolescents with different levels of physical activity, weight status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). For this reason, the objectives of the present investigation were to establish whether the differences between active and inactive adolescents in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction depend on gender; and to determine the differences in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction of active and inactive adolescents with different weight status and AMD. A total of 791 adolescents aged between twelve and sixteen years old participated in the study. All the participants were measured for basic psychological needs, life satisfaction, and level of physical activity, AMD, and height and body mass. The results showed a higher score in basic psychological needs and life satisfaction for active adolescents in both the males' and females' groups. No differences were found in the psychological variables when comparing adolescents with different weight status. Adolescents with a higher AMD showed higher scores in satisfaction of basic psychological needs and satisfaction with life than adolescents with a worse AMD. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of physical activity and AMD are factors to be considered for the mental health of adolescents, but the relevance of weight status will have to be confirmed in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte. UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Research Group Movement Sciences and Sport (MS&SPORT), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hahn H, Friedel M, Niessner C, Zipfel S, Mack I. Impact of physical activity on caloric and macronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 39010114 PMCID: PMC11247817 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is widely promoted to maintain and improve health across all ages. Investigating how physical activity affects subsequent food intake provides insight into the factors that contribute to maintaining energy balance and effective weight management. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence on the effect of acute physical activity on subsequent food intake in children and adolescents. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) were applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) objectively measuring post-exercise energy intake in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years were included. Studies with self-reported food intake were excluded. The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs, and the data were summarized at a qualitative and quantitative level. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess risk of bias. Changes in energy intake were examined with random effects meta-analysis. (PROSPERO: CRD42022324259). RESULTS Out of 9582 studies, 22 RCTs with cross-over design remained eligible for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was post-intervention energy intake up to the next 24 h. Heterogeneity of studies was moderate, with an I2 of 57%. The median (interquartile range, IQR) energy expended while exercising was 240 (158) kcal. Meta-analysis of 41 study arms (exercise n = 780 and control n = 478) showed no differences in total energy intake between the exercise and control group with a mean difference MD = 23.31 [-27.54, 74.15] kcal. No subgroup differences were found. Macronutrient intake and appetite sensations where not substantially affected. CONCLUSION Engaging in exercise is a suitable means of raising activity-induced energy expenditure, without causing any noticeable changes in food intake or hunger within a single day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Hahn
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Manuel Friedel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodríguez-Negro J, Llodio I, Yanci J. Physical Activity Habits and Sleep Duration According to Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study of Elementary School Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1400. [PMID: 39057543 PMCID: PMC11276517 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The main goals of this study were to describe the physical activity (PA) and sleep habits of 8-12-year-old children according to their gender and to evaluate the relationship between PA and sleep habits (i.e., duration and timing). (2) Methods: A total of 236 children (114 boys and 122 girls) completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and an ad hoc sleep habits questionnaire. (3) Results: Boys were more physically active than girls (2.62 ± 0.51 vs. 2.46 ± 0.48, p = 0.026) and enacted higher PA levels in school recess (3.82 ± 1.36 vs. 3.56 ± 1.38, p = 0.003), during the afternoon (3.37 ± 1.20 vs. 2.89 ± 1.12, p = 0.003), and during weekends (3.54 ± 1.20 vs. 3.18 ± 0.48, p = 0.009). Per sleep habits, boys had a significantly later bedtime (21:53 ± 2:08 vs. 21:34 ± 2:14, p = 0.009) and a significantly smaller total sleep duration (9.64 ± 0.86 vs. 9.89 ± 0.87 h, p = 0.023) than girls. No significant correlations between PA and sleep habits were found. (4) Conclusions: We found differences in the PA and sleep habits between school-age boys and girls. Institutions and entities should consider designing specific interventions to improve PA and sleep habits according to gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josune Rodríguez-Negro
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Llodio
- AKTIBOki: Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Javier Yanci
- AKTIBOki: Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carl J, Melby PS, Kurtzhals ML, Nielsen G, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. The Role of Physical Literacy in the Association Between Weather and Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis With 951 Children. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:675-682. [PMID: 38626893 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies showed an effect of weather on physical activity (PA) levels in children. However, no study has yet examined the relevance of personal factors in this relationship. Therefore, this study analyzes (1) whether there are systematic interindividual differences in the extent to which weather affects the PA behavior and (2) whether physical literacy (PL) moderates the weather-PA association in children. METHODS A total of 951 children in 12 Danish schools (age 9.76 [1.59] y; 54.3% girls) completed objective PA assessments via accelerometry (moderate to vigorous PA, light PA, and sedentary behavior). Local weather data (precipitation, wind speed, temperature, and sunshine duration) were provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Participants' PL was measured employing the Danish version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2. The 4116 accelerometer days underwent longitudinal multilevel analyses while considering their nesting into pupils and school classes (n = 51). RESULTS Fluctuations in all PA indicators were significantly explained by variations in weather conditions, especially precipitation (P ≤ .035). Significant interindividual differences were found for 9 of 12 analytical dimensions, suggesting that weather changes influence PA behavior differently across individuals (especially moderate to vigorous PA, χ2[4] ≥ 11.5, P ≤ .021). However, PL moderated the relationship between weather and PA in only 2 of the 48 analytical constellations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the varying impact of weather on PA across individuals, the present study favors a main effect model in which weather and PL exert independent effects on children's PA. The insufficient support for PL as a moderating factor calls for future studies to test alternative mechanisms in the weather-PA association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paulina S Melby
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette L Kurtzhals
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryan M, Ricardo LIC, Nathan N, Hofmann R, van Sluijs E. Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:590-598. [PMID: 38367804 PMCID: PMC11184296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity, and whether associations differ by school level, country/region income, and assessment method. METHODS An ecological study design was employed. We collected data about global uniform practices using an online survey. We searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance studies. Study selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process, and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were accurate. We calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each country. Linear regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices (binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance (absolute and relative inequalities). We investigated moderation by school level, stratified analyses by income group, and repeated primary analyses using device-measured data. RESULTS Pooling data from 135 countries/regions (n = 1,089,852), we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages (absolute: β = -0.2; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -1.7 to 1.3, p = 0.74; relative: β = 0.1; 95%CI: -0.1 to 0.2, p = 0.51). Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings (absolute: β = 4.3; 95%CI: -0.0 to 8.6, p = 0.05). Among high-income countries, absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices (N = 37) compared to those without (N = 48) (9.1 (SD = 3.6) vs. 7.8 percentage points (SD = 4.3)). Repeating analyses using device-measured data (n = 32,130; N = 24) did not alter our primary finding. From initial descriptive statistics, we found that in countries/regions where a majority of schools (>50%) reportedly use uniforms, there was lower compliance with physical activity guidelines among all genders (median: 16.0%, interquartile range: 13.2%-19.9%, N = 103) compared to generally non-uniform countries/regions (median: 19.5%, interquartile range: 16.4%-23.5%, N = 32) (z = 3.04, p = 0.002). (N = countries, regions and studies represented; n = sample size or participants included). CONCLUSION School uniforms are associated with greater gender inequalities in physical activity in primary school settings and in high-income countries. Our population-level findings warrant testing using individual-level data across contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Ryan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK.
| | - Luiza I C Ricardo
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; National Centre of Implementation Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Riikka Hofmann
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Visier-Alfonso ME, Ros-Segura L, Sánchez-López M, Jiménez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Direct and indirect effects of physiological, psychological and cognitive variables on academic achievement in children. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03322-0. [PMID: 38944661 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), screen time, psychological well-being, executive functions, and academic achievement have been reported, however, few studies have analysed models considering the effect of all these variables on academic achievement. This study aims to analyse the direct and indirect associations of mothers' education level, CRF, screen time, psychological well-being, executive functions, with academic achievement in schoolchildren, by sex. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of MOVI-daFit! study including 519 schoolchildren (49.52% girls) aged 9-11 years old. Executive functions were assessed with the NIH Toolbox, CRF with the 20-m shuttle run test, academic achievement through the final academic grades in language and mathematics and mother's education level, screen time and well-being by questionnaires. RESULTS Structural equation modelling revealed that in boys cognitive flexibility had a significant direct effect on academic achievement and screen time a total significant effect on academic achievement. In girls, CRF was associated with inhibition and psychological well-being, and this was associated with academic achievement. CONCLUSIONS Physiological, psychological, and behavioural variables act together to impact academic achievement, and that differences by sex might exist. Thus, strategies to enhance academic achievement in schoolchildren should consider psychological well-being, CRF, screen time, and sex differences. IMPACT Physiological, psychological, and behavioural variables, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, screen time, psychological well-being, and cognition all together have an impact on academic achievement, with differences by sex. Previous studies have demonstrated the separate effect of these variables, however, to date, this is the first study that analyses all together in the same model their impact on academic achievement, by sex. This study shows that in boys cognitive flexibility and screen time impact academic achievement. In girls, cardiorespiratory fitness is highly associated with psychological well-being, and this, in turn, was associated with academic achievement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Nohales 4, 16002, Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Camino de Pozuelo, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Laura Ros-Segura
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Camino de Pozuelo, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, C/ Altagracia 50, 13001, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Nohales 4, 16002, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Camino de Pozuelo, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Nohales 4, 16002, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Camino de Pozuelo, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Cinco Pte. N°1670 Talca, Maule, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park B, Lee HA, Shin Y, Kim Y, Park H, Jun S, Kim UJ, Oh K, Choi S, Kim Y, Park H. Development and psychometric testing of a questionnaire for the Korea Youth risk behavior survey to assess physical activity behaviors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1686. [PMID: 38914967 PMCID: PMC11197320 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential for physical, mental, and cognitive health. Providing evidence to develop better public health policies to encourage increased physical activity is crucial. Therefore, we developed an in-depth survey as part of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey to assess the current status and determinants of physical activity among Korean adolescents. METHODS We developed an initial version of the questionnaire based on a review of validated questionnaires, recent trends and emerging issues related to adolescent physical activity, and the national public health agenda pertaining to health promotion. Content validity was confirmed by a panel of 10 experts. Face validity was confirmed through focus group interviews with 12 first-year middle school students. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by administering it twice, approximately two weeks apart, to a sample of 360 middle and high school students. Additionally, the frequency or average number of responses was analyzed in a sample of 600 students who participated in the initial test-retest reliability evaluation of the questionnaire developed in this study. RESULTS Through item pool generation and content and face validity test, the final 15 questionnaire items were developed across five themes: levels of physical activity, school sports club activities, transportation-related physical activity, physical activity-promoting environments, and factors mediating physical activity. The test-retest reliability ranged from fair to substantial. Results from the newly developed survey reveal that only a minority of adolescents engage in sufficient physical activity, with only 17.2% and 21.5% participating in vigorous and moderate-intensity activities, respectively, for at least five days per week. Among school-based activities, 44.3% of students do not participate in school sports clubs due to reasons including absence of clubs and disinterest in exercise. The major motivators for physical activity are personal enjoyment and health benefits, whereas preferences for other leisure activities and academic pressures are the predominant barriers. CONCLUSIONS This study developed valid and reliable in-depth survey items to assess physical activity among Korean youths. It will hopefully enhance our understanding of adolescent physical activity, offering essential preliminary evidence to inform the development of public health strategies aimed at promoting adolescent health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhee Shin
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital and College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghee Jun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sunhye Choi
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martins J, Tapia-Serrano MÁ, Nogueira T, Sanchéz-Miguel PA. Compliance with the 24-h Movement Guidelines for Portuguese children: differences between boys and girls. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11926. [PMID: 38789500 PMCID: PMC11126725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 24-h Movement Guidelines for children recommend at least 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (PA), ≤ 2 h/day of screen time, and 9-11 h/day of sleep for children. Since little information is available on the 24-h Movement Guidelines in Portuguese children, this research attempts to know the proportion of Portuguese children meeting individual and combinations of these 24-h Movement Guidelines. Another aim of this study is to test sex differences in compliance with 24-h Movement Guidelines. A final sample of 1351 Portuguese children (51.4% girls, aged 7.65 ± 1.21) participated in this cross-sectional study. PA, screen time and sleep duration were parent-reported through a questionnaire. Only 3.7% of children met all three 24-h Movement Guidelines, whereas 11.9% met none. Although boys showed greater compliance with PA recommendations and girls with screen time recommendations, no significant sex differences were found in the compliance of all three 24-h Movement Guidelines. Given that 96.3% of Portuguese children did not meet 24-h Movement Guidelines, promoting these three movement behaviours in both boys and girls is crucial to encouraging positive consequences early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Martins
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, S/N, 10004, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Telma Nogueira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antonio Sanchéz-Miguel
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo de Investigación Análisis Didáctico y Comportamental del Deporte (ADICODE), Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, S/N, 10004, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grasaas E, Sandbakk Ø. Adherence to physical activity recommendations and associations with self-efficacy among Norwegian adolescents: trends from 2017 to 2021. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1382028. [PMID: 38846610 PMCID: PMC11155692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1382028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The crucial role of physical activity (PA) in promoting well-being and overall health of adolescents is widely acknowledged. Previous global studies have consistently revealed low adherence to PA recommendations among adolescents, emphasizing potential links between PA engagement and self-efficacy in school-based populations. However, there is a need for further exploration of this relationship, in particularly gender differences and taking into account the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of adherence to PA recommendations and its associations with self-efficacy in Norwegian school-based adolescents over the period from 2017 to 2021. Methods Cross-sectional data on physical activity (PA) levels and self-efficacy among 13-19-year-old Norwegian adolescents were collected from the Norwegian Ungdata Survey during the period 2017 to 2021. The survey, conducted in Norwegian lower- and upper-secondary schools, was administered electronically during school hours. All data collected is anonymous and has received approval from the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (SIKT). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Girls consistently exhibited lower adherence to PA recommendations (17.6-19.8%) compared to boys (27.7-31.1%) each year from 2017 to 2021 (all p < 0.01). Similarly, girls reported lower self-efficacy (14.1 to 14.8 out of 20) than boys (15.5 to 15.9) during the same period (all p < 0.01). Regression analyses highlighted robust positive associations between PA and self-efficacy in those adhering to PA recommendations (i.e., physically active at least 5 times a week) and strong inverse associations for those reporting inactivity (never active) in both girls and boys from 2017 to 2021. Conclusion Adolescents in Norway report PA adherence ranging from 15 to 30%, with girls consistently exhibiting lower adherence to PA recommendations and reporting lower self-efficacy than boys. Notably, there are substantial associations between self-efficacy and both adherence to PA recommendations and inactivity over time. These findings underscore the significance of promoting adherence to PA recommendations during adolescence, especially among girls. Policymakers in Norway should focus on initiatives to increase PA levels among adolescents in both lower and upper secondary schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Grasaas
- Teacher Education Unit, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Center for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Sport Science, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Delvert J, Wadensjö HV, Bornehag CG, Wikström S. Associations between Motor Competence, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among Early School-Aged Children in the SELMA Cohort Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:616. [PMID: 38929196 PMCID: PMC11201458 DOI: 10.3390/children11060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Low motor competence (MC) has been associated with lower physical activity (PA) and long-term health risks in children. Less is known about sex-specific patterns and associations during early school age. The aim of this study was to explore how motor difficulties are associated with PA levels, screen time, and organised sports participation (OSP). Data from 479 children, seven years of age, participating in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma, and allergy (SELMA) pregnancy cohort study were used. MC and activity-related outcomes were assessed with questionnaires answered by parents. Associations between MC and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for sex, overweight, and parental education level. Sex differences were investigated with interaction analyses and in stratified models. Children with motor difficulties had the same level of PA as their peers, but more screen time and lower OSP. Compared with children with normal MC, boys with motor difficulties had lower rates of OSP, but girls did not. This indicates that the identification and compensatory support for motor difficulties for boys at an early age, as well as the development of inclusive leisure time activities, are of importance to facilitate health-promoting activities on equal terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Delvert
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (H.V.W.); (C.-G.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Värmland County Council, 651 82 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Heléne V. Wadensjö
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (H.V.W.); (C.-G.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Värmland County Council, 651 82 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (H.V.W.); (C.-G.B.); (S.W.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sverre Wikström
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (H.V.W.); (C.-G.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Värmland County Council, 651 82 Karlstad, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Husu P, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Kokko S, Villberg J, Vasankari T. Physical activity has decreased in Finnish children and adolescents from 2016 to 2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1343. [PMID: 38762462 PMCID: PMC11102264 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying trends in children's and adolescents' physical activity (PA) have been reported during the last 10-20 years. Trends in sedentary behavior (SB) have been studied only rarely. The purpose of the present study was to describe population-based trends in accelerometer-measured PA, standing and SB, among Finnish 7-15-year-old children and adolescents, and to evaluate the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these behaviors. METHOD A cross-sectional population-based Finnish school-aged physical activity Study (FSPA) measured daily steps, vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), standing, and SB by an accelerometer for seven consecutive days in 2016, 2018, and 2022 (n = 7.080, 57% girls). The data was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS In 2016, participants took on average 10.305 steps per day, and spent 0:15 (h: min) in VPA, 1:37 in MPA, 1:52 in MVPA, 3:48 in LPA, 0:55 in standing and 7:52 in SB. From 2016 to 2018, daily steps, MPA, LPA, and standing increased [229 steps (95% Confidence Interval, CI 70-387), 0:03 (CI 0:01 - 0:04), 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), and 0:07 (CI 0:05 - 0:08), respectively], while VPA and SB decreased [0:01 (CI 0:00-0:02) and 0:20 (CI 0:16 - 0:24), respectively]. From 2018 to 2022, daily PA and standing declined [751 steps (CI 562-939), VPA 0:02 (CI 0:01 - 0:03), MPA 0:09 (CI 0:07 - 0:11), MVPA 0:11 (CI 0:09 - 0:14), LPA 0:08 (CI 0:05 - 0:11), and standing 0:01 (CI 0:01 - 0:03)] while SB increased 0:21 (CI 0:16 - 0:25) indicating potential influence of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents became physically less active from 2016 to 2022. The potential effects of the COVID-19 were seen as declined PA and increased sedentariness from 2018 to 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland.
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, Tampere, FI-33500, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Voráčová J, Sigmund E, Vorlíček M, Dygrýn J, Sigmundová D. Accelerometer-measured sleep behaviour and parent-child sleep guideline adherence and sleep quality in Czech families with children aged 3-8 years: the FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study. J Sleep Res 2024:e14242. [PMID: 38757216 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Assessing parent-child relationship in sleep behaviours is important for facilitating changes in the sleep guideline compliance in preschool age children. The aim of this study was to examine accelerometer-measured sleep quantity and quality in families with children aged 3-8 years and investigate the parents' influence on the child's sleep. The data were obtained from the Czech cross-sectional FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study, with a final sample of 374 families. Families were recruited through the enrolment of their children in kindergartens/primary schools between March 2022 and May 2023. The sleep time window and total sleep time were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Participants wore this device continuously for 24 h/day over a period of 7 consecutive days. Demographic data and potential correlates were obtained via questionnaires completed by parents. Statistical analyses were completed using logistic regression and independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test. In all, 65.5% of children (60% boys, 70.9% girls) and 58.3% of parents (52.4% fathers, 64.3% mothers) achieved the recommended sleep duration. Greater sleep quantity and duration in good-quality sleep were significantly higher in girls/mothers, compared to boys/fathers. Preschoolers were more likely to comply with sleep guidelines if their mother (but not father) met the sleep recommendation and their mothers did not have a higher education level. Adhering to sleep guidelines in children was also associated with children's female gender, absence of screen device in the bedroom, and being more active. Given the high concurrence in mother-child sleep quantity, it is important to promote healthy sleep behaviours in the whole family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Voráčová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Sciences in Kinanthropology, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vorlíček
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Remmers T, Koolwijk P, Fassaert I, Nolles J, de Groot W, Vos SB, de Vries SI, Mombarg R, Van Kann DHH. Investigating young children's physical activity through time and place. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38745292 PMCID: PMC11092161 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research indicates the start of primary school (4-5-year-old) as an essential period for the development of children's physical activity (PA) patterns, as from this point, the age-related decline of PA is most often observed. During this period, young children are exposed to a wider variety of environmental- and social contexts and therefore their PA is influenced by more diverse factors. However, in order to understand children's daily PA patterns and identify relevant opportunities for PA promotion, it is important to further unravel in which (social) contexts throughout the day, PA of young children takes place. METHODS We included a cross-national sample of 21 primary schools from the Startvaardig study. In total, 248 children provided valid accelerometer and global positioning (GPS) data. Geospatial analyses were conducted to quantify PA in (social) environments based on their school and home. Transport-related PA was evaluated using GPS speed-algorithms. PA was analysed at different environments, time-periods and for week- and weekend days separately. RESULTS Children accumulated an average of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), both during week- and weekend days. Schools contributed to approximately half of daily MVPA during weekdays. During weekends, environments within 100 m from home were important, as well as locations outside the home-school neighbourhood. Pedestrian trips contributed to almost half of the daily MVPA. CONCLUSIONS We identified several social contexts relevant for children's daily MVPA. Schools have the potential to significantly contribute to young children's PA patterns and are therefore encouraged to systematically evaluate and implement parts of the school-system that stimulate PA and potentially also learning processes. Pedestrian trips also have substantial contribution to daily MVPA of young children, which highlights the importance of daily active transport in school- and parental routines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Remmers
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - P Koolwijk
- Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - I Fassaert
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Nolles
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - W de Groot
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S B Vos
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - S I de Vries
- Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Health Campus The Hague, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - R Mombarg
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Orthopedagogy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D H H Van Kann
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brunel L, Brossaud E, Lioret J, Jaffiol A, Vanderghote L, Cuisinier L, Peter-Derex L, Ricordeau F, Thieux M, Comajuan M, Plancoulaine S, Guyon A, Franco P. Effectiveness of an intervention program on physical activity in children with narcolepsy type 1. Sleep Med 2024; 116:138-146. [PMID: 38460419 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) is recommended as part of the management of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). This study aimed at 1) characterizing PA in children and adolescents treated for NT1 using objective and subjective measurements, 2) evaluating how PA is associated with NT1 symptoms and comorbidities, and 3) evaluating the effects of an Adapted Physical Activity (APA) program on PA and clinical characteristics. PATIENTS/METHODS Patients with NT1 from the National Reference Center of Narcolepsy (Lyon, France) were consecutively included in an APA intervention protocol. Narcolepsy symptoms and comorbidities were collected using standardized questionnaires and sustained attention was evaluated using the Bron-Lyon Attention Stability Test before and after the four-week APA intervention. PA was measured objectively using actigraphy throughout the study. RESULTS Twenty-seven NT1 patients were included (median age 14.7 years [8.3-18.4], cataplexy 88.9%, obesity 37.0%). At baseline, 52.4% of the patients had satisfactory PA levels according to international recommendations. Patients with leisure-time PA (LTPA) showed higher quality of life than patients without. 45% of the patients increased PA during the intervention compared to baseline. These responsive patients had more depressive feelings and tended to have lower objective PA than non-responsive patients at baseline. No significant correlation was found between PA levels before and during the intervention and other clinical data. CONCLUSIONS Most children with NT1 showed satisfying PA levels despite their daytime sleepiness. LTPA engagement was associated with higher quality of life. An APA intervention could be effective in children with narcolepsy, especially for those with depressive feelings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Brunel
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Enzo Brossaud
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Julien Lioret
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Clinical Research Unit, Médipôle, 158 Rue Léon Blum, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antoine Jaffiol
- Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Louison Vanderghote
- E-HÔP Project, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Léa Cuisinier
- E-HÔP Project, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Disease, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - François Ricordeau
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Disease, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Thieux
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Marion Comajuan
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Bâtiment Leriche, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurore Guyon
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France; Pediatric Sleep Unit and National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Mother-Children's Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Benavente-Marín JC, Barón-López FJ, Gil Barcenilla B, Longo Abril G, Rumbao Aguirre JM, Pérez-Farinós N, Wärnberg J. Accelerometry-assessed daily physical activity and compliance with recommendations in Spanish children: importance of physical education classes and vigorous intensity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16990. [PMID: 38468640 PMCID: PMC10926909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits. Vigorous PA (VPA) may have a greater impact on public health than lower-intensity PA. The incorporation of a specific recommendation on VPA could complement and improve existing recommendations for average daily moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA). Physical education classes could have a positive impact on children's adherence to average daily physical activity recommendations. The aim was to investigate the association between MVPA and VPA in children, as well as adherence to recommendations, and obesity and the presence of physical education classes. Methods A cross-sectional study of physical activity was conducted in a sample of 8 and 9-year-old children in Andalusia (Spain). GENEActiv accelerometers were used, placed on the non-dominant wrist for at least eight consecutive days (24-h protocol). School days with and without physical education class, and weekend days were defined. ROC curves were used to calculate the threshold associated with obesity for average daily MVPA and VPA for recommendations. Results A total of 360 schoolchildren were included in the analyses (184 girls). An average of 7.7 (SD 1.4) valid days per participant were evaluated, with 19.9 (SD 10.5) and 11.4 (SD 5.1) minutes of VPA performed by boys and girls respectively. 25.8% of the participants were classified with central obesity. The optimal threshold determined with ROC analysis was 12.5 and 9.5 minutes of average daily VPA for boys and girls, respectively (RecVPA), and 75 minutes of average daily MVPA for both sexes (RecMVPA). The RecVPA showed stronger association with obesity. On school days with physical education class, compared to days without this class, children showed increased VPA and MVPA engagement and better compliance with recommendations, with smaller differences in adherence according to sex or obesity. Conclusions On days with physical education class, more physical activity was accumulated at all intensities and greater adherence to the recommendations than on days without this class. VPA had a stronger correlation with the absence of obesity than lower-intensity activity. It was also observed that boys were physically more active and had higher adherence to the recommendations than girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Barón-López
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Gil Barcenilla
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Longo Abril
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Rumbao Aguirre
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grauduszus M, Koch L, Wessely S, Joisten C. School-based promotion of physical literacy: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322075. [PMID: 38525332 PMCID: PMC10959127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of physical activity in children's healthy development is undisputed, with school-based interventions being seen as a priority. The promotion of physical literacy (PL) seems to be promising due to its holistic approach, combining physical, cognitive, and affective domains. To develop recommendations for possible measures, we compiled existing literature on existing school-based PL interventions. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and PsycInfo) were searched between July 6 and July 10, 2023, by combining the terms "physical literacy," "school," "program," "workshop," "intervention," and "curriculum" as well as a manual search. Records were screened in a two-stage process by two independent authors using a priori criteria. Eligible studies concerned PL interventions in the school context. The included records were sorted according to school type/population, structure, content, PL domains addressed, and evaluation. Results In total, 706 articles were found through the database search and an additional 28 articles through the manual search. After removing duplicates, 502 publications remained, which were screened by title and abstract, leaving 82 full texts. These were cut down to 37 articles describing 31 different programs (19 in primary schools, eight in secondary schools, one in both primary and secondary schools, and three unspecified). Most interventions were conducted during physical education classes (n = 12). All three PL domains were addressed by five interventions, while 11 interventions solely concerned the physical domain. In addition, 21 interventions evaluated their effects on PL. Most evaluations showed small to moderate but inconsistent effects on several PL-related constructs (e.g., self-efficacy, motivation, movement skills). Interventions incorporating all three domains reported positive effects on physical competence and enjoyment. Discussion Although there is a growing body of data related to school-based PL promotion, their effects and practical application remains relatively underdeveloped: study designs, study quality, PL assessments, and results are heterogeneous. Corresponding research adhering to the holistic approach of PL will be crucial in clarifying the potential lifelong role of PL in promoting physical activity, increasing health and well-being and to actually enable development of recommendations for action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart Koch
- *Correspondence: Martin Grauduszus, ; Lennart Koch,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Husøy A, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Dalene KE, Andersen LB, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:29. [PMID: 38448922 PMCID: PMC10916240 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005-2006) and 15 years (2011-2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019-2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640). RESULTS The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. CONCLUSIONS We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Korcz A, Cieśla E, Urbański P. The role of school functioning, physical activity, BMI, sex and age in building resilience among Ukrainian refugee children in Poland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5308. [PMID: 38438464 PMCID: PMC10912741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to examine the relationship between school functioning, physical activity (PA), sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, and resilience in Ukrainian children who migrated to Poland due to the war. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, focusing on 248 children aged 10-15 years. The findings suggest that school environment, including enjoyment of school and strong support from teachers, plays a significant role in building resilience in children. PA enhanced the resilience of girls, whereas a higher BMI negatively impacted it. A child-friendly school environment that encourages PA and provides social support could be a promising approach for the mental health of Ukrainian refugee children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Korcz
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Cieśla
- Institute of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369, Kielce, Poland
| | - Piotr Urbański
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benavente-Marín JC, Barón-López FJ, Gil Barcenilla B, Longo Abril G, Rumbao Aguirre JM, Pérez-Farinós N, Wärnberg J. Adherence to the WHO recommendation of three weekly days of vigorous intensity activities in children: an accelerometry study of vigorous physical activity bouts. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16815. [PMID: 38406285 PMCID: PMC10893867 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that children and adolescents incorporate vigorous intensity activities (VIAs) at least three days a week. This recommendation has not been sufficiently studied using objective methods, such as accelerometry. Physical education classes and extracurricular sports activities are optimal opportunities for compliance with this recommendation. Objective To identify VIAs through bouts of vigorous physical activity (VPA-Bouts) evaluated with accelerometry and, with this, to know the compliance with the recommendation on VIAs. Methods A cross-sectional study of the habitual physical activity of 353 children (8-9 years old) was carried out using accelerometry and participation in organized extracurricular sports activities was asked through a questionnaire. School days with and without physical education class, weekends, and the average weekly day were identified, as well as school time and out-of-school time. A VPA-Bout was defined as an interval of at least 60 minutes with a proportion of VPA of at least 16.7% in boys and 12.5% in girls (10.0 and 7.5 minutes/hour of VPA, respectively). Results The average daily time in organized extracurricular sports activities declared by questionnaire and the average daily duration of the VPA-Bouts evaluated with accelerometers in the extracurricular period was 21.3 (SD 19.8) and 23.9 (SD 31.2) minutes, respectively, in boys, whereas, in girls it was 20.2 (SD 17.4) and 11.0 (SD 16.9) minutes, respectively. In school time including a physical education class, there was a higher proportion of VPA-Bouts than without these classes (with: 28.6%, without: 2.1%, p < 0.001). Children who reported at least three weekly hours of organized extracurricular sports activities accumulated a higher proportion of school afternoons with VPA-Bouts than those with fewer weekly hours of this type of activities (≥3 hours/week: 27.5%, <3 hours/week: 9.3%, p < 0.001). On the weekend, boys who reported at least three weekly hours of organized extracurricular sports activities performed more VPA-Bouts than those participating in less weekly hours, while in girls no significant differences were observed (weekend; boys, ≥3 hours/week: 26.0%, <3 hours/week: 9.0%, p < 0.001; girls: 8.3%, 8.0%, p = 0.917). Compliance with the recommendation to incorporate VIAs at least three days a week was 23.8%. Children who reported at least three weekly hours of extracurricular sports activities achieved higher compliance than those who reported fewer extracurricular activities (≥3 hours/week: 35.1%, <3 hours/week: 12.7%, p < 0.001). Additionally, boys showed higher compliance rates than girls (boys: 32.9%, girls: 15.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusion One in every four children met the WHO recommendation to incorporate VIAs at least three days a week, as evaluated by accelerometry. Physical education classes and extracurricular organized sports activities contributed to compliance with this recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Barón-López
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Gil Barcenilla
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Longo Abril
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Rumbao Aguirre
- Plan Integral de Obesidad Infantil de Andalucía (PIOBIN), Consejería de Salud y Consumo. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Costa JA, Vale S, Cordovil R, Rodrigues LP, Cardoso V, Proença R, Costa M, Neto C, Brito J, Guilherme J, Seabra A. A school-based physical activity intervention in primary school: effects on physical activity, sleep, aerobic fitness, and motor competence. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365782. [PMID: 38444436 PMCID: PMC10912631 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The "Super Quinas" project evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep, and motor competence on children in primary school. Methods The experimental group (n = 19) enrolled in a 12-week intervention program (one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week) compared to the CG (n = 19), all aged 9-10 years. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured by accelerometry, and aerobic fitness was measured by Children's Yo-Yo test (YYIR1C) during the 1st week (PRE), the 6th week (DUR), and the 12th week (POST) of the intervention program. Motor Competence in PRE and POST intervention was also assessed by the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument. Heart rate (HR, assessed using HR monitors), and enjoyment level were recorded during all intervention program classes. A linear mixed model analysis (i.e., within-subject analyses) was performed. Results Comparing the EG and CG in DUR and POST, the EG spent ~18 min and ~ 34 min more time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day (p < 0.001); had ~44 min and ~ 203 min less sedentary time per day (p < 0.001); performed more 44 and 128 m in the Children's Yo-Yo test compared to CG (p < 0.001) and slept more 17 and 114 min per night (p < 0.001). In POST motor competence was significantly better (27%) in the EG compared to CG (p < 0.001). The %HRmax during the extra-curricular classes ranged between 65 and 81% (i.e., light to moderate intensities), and the enjoyment between fun and great fun. Conclusion Our findings suggest that adding one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week for 12 weeks effectively increased the levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep duration, and motor competence in children aged 9-10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Politécnico do Porto - Escola Superior de Educação, Porto, Portugal
- CIAFEL/ITR - Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís P. Rodrigues
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, SPRINT, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cardoso
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Manuel Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Neto
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sadler DG, Treas L, Ross T, Sikes JD, Britton SL, Koch LG, Piccolo BD, Børsheim E, Porter C. Parental cardiorespiratory fitness influences early life energetics and metabolic health. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:145-157. [PMID: 38009224 PMCID: PMC11281807 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic disease and is linked to superior mitochondrial respiratory function. This study investigated how intrinsic CRF affects bioenergetics and metabolic health in adulthood and early life. Adult rats selectively bred for low and high running capacity [low capacity runners (LCR) and high capacity runners (HCR), respectively] underwent metabolic phenotyping before mating. Weanlings were evaluated at 4-6 wk of age, and whole body energetics and behavior were assessed using metabolic cages. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilized tissues through high-resolution respirometry. Proteomic signatures of adult and weanling tissues were determined using mass spectrometry. The adult HCR group exhibited lower body mass, improved glucose tolerance, and greater physical activity compared with the LCR group. The adult HCR group demonstrated higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities in the soleus and heart compared with the adult LCR group, which coincided with a greater abundance of proteins involved in lipid catabolism. HCR and LCR weanlings had similar body mass, but HCR weanlings displayed reduced adiposity. In addition, HCR weanlings exhibited better glucose tolerance and higher physical activity levels than LCR weanlings. Higher respiratory capacities were observed in the soleus, heart, and liver tissues of HCR weanlings compared with LCR weanlings, which were not owed to greater mitochondrial content. Proteomic analyses indicated a greater potential for lipid oxidation in the contractile muscles of HCR weanlings. In conclusion, offspring born to parents with high CRF possess an enhanced capacity for lipid catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby influencing metabolic health. These findings highlight that intrinsic CRF shapes the bioenergetic phenotype with implications for metabolic resilience in early life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inherited cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) influences early life bioenergetics and metabolic health. Higher intrinsic CRF was associated with reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance in early life. This metabolic phenotype was accompanied by greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver tissue. Proteomic profiling of these three tissues further revealed potential mechanisms linking inherited CRF to early life metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sadler
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Lillie Treas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Taylor Ross
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - James D Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Craig Porter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vicente-Gabriel S, Lugones-Sánchez C, Tamayo-Morales O, Vicente Prieto A, González-Sánchez S, Conde Martín S, Gómez-Sánchez M, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Ortiz L, Gómez-Sánchez L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Relationship between addictions and obesity, physical activity and vascular aging in young adults (EVA-Adic study): a research protocol of a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322437. [PMID: 38344236 PMCID: PMC10853417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral and substance addictions are prevalent health problems that, alongside obesity, are linked to reduced physical activity and increased sedentary time. Similarly, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and are closely associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study is to analyze how addictions are related to obesity and body fat distribution, physical activity, sedentary time, arterial stiffness and vascular aging, as well as sleep quality, cognitive function and gender differences in young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive observational study will analyze data from 500 subjects (250 men and 250 women) aged 18-34 without cardiovascular disease, selected by simple random sampling with replacement from the urban population of the city center of Salamanca (34,044 people aged 18-34, with 18,450 women and 15,594 men). Behavioral and substance addictions, as well as sleep quality and cognitive impairment will be assessed using questionnaires. The Pittisburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) will be used to measure sleep quality and the Ford questionnaire will be used to measure insomnia in response to stress. For obesity, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body composition will be measured with the Inbody 230® impedance meter. For physical activity and sedentary time, we will use the Actigraph® accelerometer alongside the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Marshall questionnaire. The Sphygmocor System® will be used for pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), while the Vasera VS-2000® will measure cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Vascular aging will be calculated with the 10th and 90th percentiles of cfPWV or baPWV. Demographic, analytical variables will be collected, as will data to assess vascular, cardiac, renal, and brain injury. Discussion Addictions are on the rise in today's society, affecting the mental health and well-being of those who suffer from them, generating important social problems such as job loss, family dysfunction, debt and social isolation. Together with obesity, they are prevalent health problems in young adults and are associated with lower physical activity and higher sedentary time. Meanwhile, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and determine morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. The results of this project will allow us to understand the situation regarding behavioral and substance addictions in young adults. Better understanding of these addictions will in turn facilitate the development of more effective prevention strategies and intervention programs, which can then reduce the negative impact at both the individual and societal levels. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05819840].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Gabriel
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vicente Prieto
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Conde Martín
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Home Hospitalization Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leticia Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Emergency Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
González-Pérez M, Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Cano-Cañada E, Martín-Acosta F, Muñoz-González R, Bandera-Campos FJ, Ruiz-Hermosa A, Vaquero-Solís M, Padilla-Moledo C, Conde-Caveda J, Segura-Jiménez V, González-Ponce I, García-Calvo T, Castro-Piñero J, Camiletti-Moirón D. Effects of the inclusion of physical activity in secondary education academic classes on educational indicators and health markers: rationale and methods of the ACTIVE CLASS study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1329245. [PMID: 38249387 PMCID: PMC10796663 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1329245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing physical activity (PA) levels and reducing sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents is a need, especially in schools. Active breaks and physically active learning are examples of two emerging methodologies that have been shown to be effective in increasing PA levels and additionally produce improvements in children's educational markers. However, the evidence in adolescents is very limited. This paper presents the design, measurements, and interventions implemented in the ACTIVE CLASS study, whose objectives are: (i) evaluate the effects of two interventions on PA levels, sedentary time, health-related physical fitness academic indicators, cognition, and markers of psychological health among secondary education students; (ii) evaluate teachers' and students' experiences about the implementation of these the two school-based PA intervention. Methods A randomized controlled study is conducted with a total of 292 students aged 12-14 years old from six schools (7th and 8th grade) in Spain (three in Cadiz and three in Caceres). One school from each study provinces is randomly assigned to either the active break intervention group, the physically active learning intervention group, or the control group. The interventions have a duration of 16 weeks. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: PA and sedentary time, health-related physical fitness, academic indicators, cognition, psychological health, motivational variables, dietary patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, as well as qualitative information through semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups. Three independent measurements of evaluation are distinguished: pre-intervention, post-intervention (week 16) and retention measurement (4 weeks after the intervention). For quantitative variables, descriptive, correlational, regression and repeated measures ANOVA will be applied. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the ACTIVE CLASS study is the first of its kind in Spain to evaluate the effects of incorporating active breaks and physically active learning in secondary education. In addition, this project provides important information on the effects of two school-based PA intervention arms on educational variables and health markers in adolescents. This will provide valuable and innovative training to the educational community, enabling them to implement teaching methodologies that have the potential to enhance academic performance and improve the quality of life for their students. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05891054.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María González-Pérez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Grao-Cruces
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Cano-Cañada
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fátima Martín-Acosta
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz-González
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Bandera-Campos
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Abel Ruiz-Hermosa
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Social and Health Care Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Miguel Vaquero-Solís
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carmen Padilla-Moledo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Julio Conde-Caveda
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- UGC Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital de Neurotraumatología y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada González-Ponce
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Abenza-Cano L. Importance of training volume through the use of step trackers apps promoted from the subject of physical education to change body composition, physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents and the influence of gender ✰,✰✰. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114402. [PMID: 37935300 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in physical activity level (PA), kinanthropometric and derived variables, and physical fitness in adolescents, as a result of an out-of-school intervention with mobile step tracker apps promoted from the field of physical education, according to the volume of training completed and gender. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 400 adolescents (210 males and 190 females) aged 12 to 16 years old (mean age: 13.96 ± 1.21 years-old). Adolescents were divided into experimental group (EG) (n = 240) and control group (CG) (n = 160). Two measurements were carried out, separated by a 10-week intervention, and PA, kinanthropometric variables and physical condition were measured. During the intervention, EG must use Strava (n = 74); Pokémon Go (n = 59); Pacer (n = 60); and MapMyWalk (n = 47) a minimum of 3 times per week, covering an incremental distance from 7,000 steps per day (week 1) to 12,500 steps per day (week 10). After that, EG were divided in quartile according to the volume of training completed. The results obtained showed a significant increase between pre-and post in PA (p = 0.009-0.044) and curl-up (p < 0.001-0.040) in EG regardless the quartile of compliance, and a reduction in fat variables (p < 0.001) and an increase in CMJ in 75-100 % compliance group (p = 0.005). The introduction of the covariate gender did not introduce changes in the intra-group evolution. On inter-group differences, differences were only found for the post-test values between 0-25 % Vs 25-50 % and between 50-75 % Vs 75-100 % with the group that completed a longer distance being the one that showed the lowest values in the post-test in both cases. When including the covariate gender, no significant differences were found for either the pre-test or the post-test on either variable. To conclude, a higher training volume with mobile apps seems to be relevant in the increase PA and strength and decrease of fat mass. The gender factor is not influential in the intra-group changes, but it is influential in the inter-group differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sanz-Martín D, Zurita-Ortega F, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Alonso-Vargas JM, Caracuel-Cáliz R, Ubago-Jiménez JL. Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 14:87-102. [PMID: 38248126 PMCID: PMC10813882 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward's method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanz-Martín
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - José Manuel Alonso-Vargas
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Rafael Caracuel-Cáliz
- Faculty of Education Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.Z.-O.); (J.M.A.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fitzgerald CM, Cunningham SD, Berry A, Gahagan S, Joinson C, Lindberg S, Newman DK, Schmitz KH, Smith AL, Sutcliffe S, Shoham DA. Is there an association between physical activity and lower urinary tract symptoms in adolescent girls? Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Int Urogynecol J 2023; 34:2995-3003. [PMID: 37715786 PMCID: PMC10962925 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among adolescent girls. Physical activity (PA) has been implicated as both a risk (high-impact PA) and protective factor (low-impact, moderate to vigorous intensity PA) for LUTS in adult women, but its role in adolescent girls is unclear. This study investigated the prospective association between physical activity and LUTS risk in adolescent girls. METHODS The sample comprised 3,484 female participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine daily minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) at ages 11 and 15 years in relation to LUTS at ages 14 and 19 respectively. MVPA was assessed by 7-day accelerometer data. LUTS were assessed by questionnaire. MVPA were analyzed as continuous (minutes/day) and categorical variables (<10th percentile, 10-89th percentile, ≥90th percentile). RESULTS Prevalence of LUTS ranged from 2.0% for bedwetting to 9.5% for nocturia at age 14 and from 2.0% for straining to urinate to 35.5% for interrupted urine flow at age 19. Physical activity was not associated with LUTS at either time-point. CONCLUSIONS Given the prevalence of LUTS in female adolescent populations, although this study did not find an association with accelerometer-measured MVPA, other aspects of PA that may serve as risk or protective factors deserve investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Fitzgerald
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shayna D Cunningham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Amanda Berry
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol Joinson
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Lindberg
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diane K Newman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariana L Smith
- Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Shoham
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vandevijvere S, De Pauw R, Djojosoeparto S, Gorasso V, Guariguata L, Løvhaug AL, Mialon M, Van Dam I, von Philipsborn P. Upstream Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Europe. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:417-428. [PMID: 37594616 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the upstream determinants of overweight and obesity in Europe, including food and built environments, and political, commercial, and socioeconomic determinants. RECENT FINDINGS Overweight and obesity affect 60% of European adults, and one in three children, and are more common in individuals with low compared to high socioeconomic position (SEP). Individuals in low SEP groups are more exposed to unhealthy built and food environments, including higher exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Industries influencing the food system have much economic power, resulting in ignoring or silencing the role of ultra-processed foods and commercial practices in weight gain. Overall, effective policies to address overweight and obesity have been insufficiently implemented by governments. To accelerate implementation, strengthened political commitment is essential. Policies must also focus on the upstream, structural, and systemic drivers of overweight and obesity; be comprehensive; and target socioeconomic inequalities in diets and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanne Djojosoeparto
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Gorasso
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonor Guariguata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Lene Løvhaug
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Iris Van Dam
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter von Philipsborn
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Masini A, Marini S, Ceciliani A, Barone G, Lanari M, Gori D, Bragonzoni L, Toselli S, Stagni R, Bisi MC, Sansavini A, Tessari A, Dallolio L. The effects of an active breaks intervention on physical and cognitive performance: results from the I-MOVE study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:919-929. [PMID: 37403403 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of active breaks intervention (ABs) to promote physical and cognitive improvement in primary school. METHODS The active breaks group (ABsG) performed 10 min of ABs three times per school day and the control group (CG) did normal lessons. The baseline and follow-up evaluation was conducted respectively in October 2019 and in May 2021. Cognitive performance was assessed using working memory test, physical performance was analyzed with ActiGraph accelerometers and physical fitness tests, quality of life was monitored using the Paediatric Quality of Life questionnaire (PedsQL) and classroom behavior was collected with an ad hoc questionnaire. RESULTS We enrolled 153 children (age: 7.61 ± 1.41, 54.2% males). Working memory significantly increased in the ABsG (ΔWM: 1.30 ± 1.17) than in CG (ΔWM: 0.96 ± 1.20). The 6 min Cooper test increased in the ABsG (Δ: 1.77 ± 136.03) but not in CG (Δ: -156.42 ± 187.53), P < 0.05. The weekly physical activity levels increased in both groups; however, the sedentary behavior significantly increased both in ABsG and CG. Children reported improvements in their quality of school life including feeling better in class and in school when using ABs; moreover, children improved their time on task behaviors in ABsG. CONCLUSION The present study has proven to be effective on children's physical and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Masini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Marini
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceciliani
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barone
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bragonzoni
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Stagni
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bisi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sansavini
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malnes L, Berntsen S, Kolle E, Ivarsson A, Dyrstad SM, Resaland GK, Solberg R, Haugen T. School-based physical activity in relation to active travel - a cluster randomized controlled trial among adolescents enrolled in the school in motion study in Norway. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:136. [PMID: 37990252 PMCID: PMC10664674 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel and school settings are considered ideal for promoting physical activity. However, previous research suggests limited effect of school-based interventions on overall physical activity levels among adolescents. The relationship between physical activity in different domains remains inconclusive. In this study, we examined the effects of adding two weekly hours of school-based physical activity on active travel rates. METHOD We analyzed data from 1370 pupils in the 9th-grade participating in the cluster RCT; the School In Motion (ScIM) project. Intervention schools (n = 19) implemented 120 min of class-scheduled physical activity and physical education, in addition to the normal 2 hours of weekly physical education in the control schools (n = 9), for 9 months. Active travel was defined as pupils who reported walking or cycling to school, while motorized travel was defined as pupils who commuted by bus or car, during the spring/summer half of the year (April-September), or autumn/winter (October-February). The participants were categorized based on their travel mode from pretest to posttest as; maintained active or motorized travel ("No change"), changing to active travel (motorized-active), or changing to motorized travel (active-motorized). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the intervention effect on travel mode. RESULTS During the intervention period, most participants maintained their travel habits. In total, 91% of pupils maintained their travel mode to school. Only 6% of pupils switched to motorized travel and 3% switched to active travel, with small variations according to season and trip direction. The intervention did not seem to influence the likelihood of changing travel mode. The odds ratios for changing travel habits in spring/summer season were from active to motorized travel 1.19 [95%CI: 0.53-2.15] and changing from motorized to active travel 1.18 [0.30-2.62], compared to the "No change" group. These findings were consistent to and from school, and for the autumn/winter season. CONCLUSION The extra school-based physical activity does not seem to affect rates of active travel among adolescents in the ScIM project. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019' retrospectively registered'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Malnes
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar Solberg
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Vale S, Costa JA, Seabra A. Effects of "Football and Nutrition for Health" program on body composition, physical fitness, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status among 7 to 10 years school children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1251053. [PMID: 38027281 PMCID: PMC10663241 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1251053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are between the major health threat due to consumption of unhealthy foods and limited time spent on physical activities, a situation of particular concern among children. Since children spend most of their time at school, this study intends to investigate the effect of a school intervention program, which combines recreational football and nutrition education, on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, blood pressure and heart rate, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status in elementary school children. Methods A total of 67 children, between 7 and 10 years old, were allocated into three groups: the Football Group (FG) which held 2 weekly sessions of 60 min of recreational football, the Nutrition and Football Group (NFG) which held 2 sessions per week of 60 min of recreational football plus 60 min of nutritional education and the Control Group (CG) which maintained its usual curriculum. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All measurements were collected before and after the intervention. Results Intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved BMI Z-score, rest heart rate, horizontal jump and shuttle test, physical activity level, and psychosocial health. The NFG group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) nutritional knowledge, fruit, and fish consumption. While FG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the percentage of fat mass and significantly increased (p < 0.05) muscle mass and performance in the 20 m sprint. Discussion The results have shown to improve nutritional status, explosive strength, aerobic and neuromuscular fitness, as well as increase the level of physical activity. The nutritional education sessions contributed to increase nutritional knowledge and to improve the consumption of healthy food groups in a ludic-educational way. The "Football and Nutrition for Health" program was able to induce short-term improvements in several health markers, highlighting the role of the school curriculum in children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sánchez-Delgado A, Sánchez-Parente S, Martínez-Gómez D, Gómez-Martínez S, Veiga OL, Marcos A, Castro-Piñero J, Pérez-Bey A. Objective measured physical activity and metabolic syndrome score in children and adolescents: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2299-2312. [PMID: 37489086 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of physical activity (PA) levels and PA patterns with metabolic syndrome score (MetS) in children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 175 children (82 females) and 188 adolescents (95 females) were included. Objective PA levels and patterns were determined by accelerometry. MetS was computed from waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Different linear regression models were implemented to examine the associations of PA with MetS. RESULTS Vigorous PA, moderate-vigorous PA, number of bouts per day in 10 min (N10), and total time in bouts per day in 10 min (T10) were negatively associated with MetS in male children and adolescents at cross-sectional level (β ranging from -0.005 to -0.164, all p < 0.05). Total time in bouts per day in 20 min in male children, and vigorous PA and N10 in female children were longitudinally and negatively associated with MetS (β ranging from -0.011 to -0.247, all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Associations of PA and MetS were observed at cross-sectional level in males and longitudinally in female children. The associations in PA patterns were found when patterns were grouped into bouts of 10 min. Therefore, for future studies of PA with health markers in the pediatric population, it would be advisable to choose bouts of shorter duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Parente
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, EstiLIFE Research Group, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ludwig-Walz H, Siemens W, Heinisch S, Dannheim I, Loss J, Bujard M. Physical activity and physical fitness among children and adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073397. [PMID: 37730401 PMCID: PMC10514655 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The implementation of COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions resulted in limitations for physical activity (PA) opportunities, which may have initiated a longer-term behavioural change. The protocol describes the methodology for a planned systematic review that aims to summarise changes in PA and physical fitness (PF) in children and adolescents in the WHO European Region after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol adheres to the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols' (PRISMA-P) statement. Using a peer-reviewed search strategy according to the evidence-based checklist 'Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies' (PRESS), we will perform a systematic literature search in seven databases. Inclusion criteria are all primary studies that gathered data on children and adolescents ≤19 years living in the WHO European Region and made a comparison to pre-pandemic data. Primary outcomes are PA and PF. We will assess the risk of bias with the 'Risk of Bias Instrument for Non-Randomized Studies of Exposures' (ROBINS-E). The 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) approach will be used for the evaluation of the certainty of evidence. Also, subgroup analyses will be performed (eg, for gender, age, stringency of pandemic restrictions). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The results will be presented in a peer-reviewed publication and at congresses relevant to the research field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023395871.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Waldemar Siemens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Indra Dannheim
- Regional Innovative Centre of Health and Quality of Live Fulda (RIGL), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Julika Loss
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bujard
- Federal Institute for Population Studies, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kretschmer L, Salali GD, Andersen LB, Hallal PC, Northstone K, Sardinha LB, Dyble M, Bann D. Gender differences in the distribution of children's physical activity: evidence from nine countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:103. [PMID: 37667391 PMCID: PMC10478357 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity in childhood is thought to influences health and development. Previous studies have found that boys are typically more active than girls, yet the focus has largely been on differences in average levels or proportions above a threshold rather than the full distribution of activity across all intensities. We thus examined differences in the distribution of physical activity between girls and boys in a multi-national sample of children. METHODS We used the harmonised International Children Accelerometry Database (ICAD), including waist-worn accelerometry data from 15,461 individuals (Boys: 48.3%) from 9 countries. Employing Generalised Additive Models of Location, Shape, and Scale (GAMLSS) we investigated gender differences in the distribution of individuals, including comparisons of variability (SD) and average physical activity levels (mean and median) and skewness. We conducted this analysis for each activity intensity (Sedentary, Light, and Moderate-to-Vigorous (MVPA)) and a summary measure (counts per minute (CPM)). RESULTS Sizable gender differences in the distribution of activity were found for moderate to vigorous activity and counts per minute, with boys having higher average levels (38% higher mean volumes of MVPA, 20% higher CPM), yet substantially more between-person variability (30% higher standard deviation (SD) for MVPA, 17% higher SD for CPM); boys' distributions were less positively skewed than girls. Conversely, there was little to no difference between girls and boys in the distribution of sedentary or light-intensity activity. CONCLUSIONS Inequality in activity between girls and boys was driven by MVPA. The higher mean volumes of MVPA in boys occurred alongside greater variability. This suggests a need to consider the underlying distribution of activity in future research; for example, interventions which target gender inequality in MVPA may inadvertently lead to increased inequality within girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Kretschmer
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK.
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK.
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol School of Medicine, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mark Dyble
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Grydeland M, Bratteteig M, Rueegg CS, Lie HC, Thorsen L, Larsen EH, Brügmann-Pieper S, Torsvik IK, Götte M, Lähteenmäki PM, Kriemler S, Fridh MK, Anderssen SA, Ruud E. Physical Activity Among Adolescent Cancer Survivors: The PACCS Study. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023061778. [PMID: 37646086 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) may modify risks of late effects after cancer. We aimed to examine levels of PA and sedentary time (ST) in a large, international sample of adolescent childhood cancer survivors in relation to sociodemographic and cancer-related factors and compare levels of PA and ST to reference cohorts. METHODS Survivors from any cancer diagnosis who had completed cancer treatment ≥1 year ago, aged 9 to 16 years, were eligible for the multicenter Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors study. PA and ST were measured by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. We performed linear regression analyses to assess factors associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST, and compared marginal means of total PA, MVPA, and ST in 432 survivors to sex- and age-stratified references (2-year intervals) using immediate t-tests for aggregated data. RESULTS Among survivors, 34% fulfilled the World Health Organization's PA recommendation of ≥60 min of daily MVPA on average and their ST was 8.7 hours per day. Being female, older, overweight, a survivor of central nervous system tumor, or having experienced relapse were associated with lower MVPA and/or higher ST. Generally, male survivors spent less time in MVPA compared with references, whereas female survivors had similar levels. Both male and female survivors had higher ST than references in nearly all age groups. CONCLUSIONS The low PA and high ST in this large sample of adolescent childhood cancer survivors is worrisome. Combined, our results call for targeted interventions addressing both PA and ST in follow-up care after childhood cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Bratteteig
- Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne C Lie
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Lene Thorsen
- National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Clinical Service
| | - Elna H Larsen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Sabine Brügmann-Pieper
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid K Torsvik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miriam Götte
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Päivi M Lähteenmäki
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Hematology and Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FICAN-West, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin K Fridh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ellen Ruud
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Thackray AE. Enhancing cardiometabolic health through physical activity and breakfast manipulations in children and adolescents: good for humans, good for the planet. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:272-285. [PMID: 36356640 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human health benefits of cardiometabolic disease prevention can be accompanied by planetary co-benefits. Focusing efforts towards young people, including children and adolescents, is conducive to disease prevention. In the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, this review paper critically summarises the available literature on the acute cardiometabolic responses to physical activity and breakfast manipulations among young people. Given the seriousness of global climate change, which will disproportionally affect our younger generations, this review paper offers new insights into the inherent interactions between child-adolescent behaviour and cardiometabolic health from an environmental sustainability perspective to aid climate change mitigation efforts, including exploring future research avenues. A growing evidence base suggests acute moderate- to high-intensity exercise bouts can attenuate postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations for up to 24-48 h in young people. Whether accumulating physical activity throughout the day with short, frequent bouts promotes cardiometabolic risk marker attenuations is unclear. Breakfast consumption may enhance free-living physical activity and reduce glycaemic responses to subsequent meals for a possible additive impact. If repeated habitually, attenuations in these cardiometabolic risk factors would be conducive to disease prevention, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with disease diagnosis and treatment. To progress current understanding with high public health and planetary relevance, research among samples of 'at risk' young people that span cellular-level responses to ecologically valid settings and address human and planetary health co-benefits is needed. Indeed, certain physical activity opportunities, such as active travel to school, offer important direct co-benefits to humans and planetary health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brailey G, Metcalf B, Price L, Cumming S, Stiles V. Raw Acceleration from Wrist- and Hip-Worn Accelerometers Corresponds with Mechanical Loading in Children and Adolescents. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6943. [PMID: 37571725 PMCID: PMC10422445 DOI: 10.3390/s23156943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between peak magnitudes of raw acceleration (g) from wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers and ground reaction force (GRF) variables in a large sample of children and adolescents. A total of 269 participants (127 boys, 142 girls; age: 12.3 ± 2.0 yr) performed walking, running, jumping (<5 cm; >5 cm) and single-leg hopping on a force plate. A GENEActiv accelerometer was worn on the left wrist, and an Actigraph GT3X+ was worn on the right wrist and hip throughout. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the relationships between peak magnitudes of raw acceleration and loading. Raw acceleration from both wrist and hip-worn accelerometers was strongly and significantly associated with loading (all p's < 0.05). Body mass and maturity status (pre/post-PHV) were also significantly associated with loading, whereas age, sex and height were not identified as significant predictors. The final models for the GENEActiv wrist, Actigraph wrist and Actigraph hip explained 81.1%, 81.9% and 79.9% of the variation in loading, respectively. This study demonstrates that wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers that output raw acceleration are appropriate for use to monitor the loading exerted on the skeleton and are able to detect short bursts of high-intensity activity that are pertinent to bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Brailey
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Brad Metcalf
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Lisa Price
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Sean Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Victoria Stiles
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (L.P.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Milther C, Winther L, Stahlhut M, Curtis DJ, Aadahl M, Kristensen MT, Sørensen JL, Dall CH. Validation of an accelerometer system for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:3639-3647. [PMID: 37258775 PMCID: PMC10460328 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to assess the concurrent validity of the SENS motion® accelerometer system for device-based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents. Thirty-six healthy children and adolescents (mean ± standard deviation (SD) age, 10.2 ± 2.3 years) were fitted with three SENS sensors while performing standardized activities including walking, fast walking, sitting/lying, and arm movements. Data from the sensors were compared with video observations (reference criteria). The agreement between SENS motion® and observation was analyzed using Student's t-test and illustrated in Bland-Altman plots. The concurrent validity was further evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and was expressed as standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Strong agreement was found between SENS and observation for walking time, sedentary time, and lying time. In contrast, moderate agreement was observed for number of steps, sitting time, and time with and without arm movement. ICC2.1 values were overall moderate to excellent (0.5-0.94), with correspondingly low SEM% for walking time, sedentary time, lying time, and time with arm movement (2-9%). An acceptable SEM% level was reached for both steps and sitting time (11% and 12%). For fast walking time, the results showed a weak agreement between the measurement methods, and the ICC value was poor. CONCLUSION SENS motion® seems valid for detecting physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents with strong agreement and moderate to excellent ICC values. Furthermore, the explorative results on arm movements seem promising. WHAT IS KNOWN • Inactivity and sedentary behavior follow an increasing trend among children and adolescents. • SENS motion® seems to be valid for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults and elderly patients. WHAT IS NEW • SENS motion® seems valid with strong agreement between video observations and SENS measurement, and ICC values are moderate to excellent when measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents. • SENS motion® seems promising for detection of arm movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Milther
- Juliane Marie Centre and Mary Elizabeths Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lærke Winther
- Juliane Marie Centre and Mary Elizabeths Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Stahlhut
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Derek John Curtis
- Child Centre Copenhagen, The Child and Youth Administration, City of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Tange Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jette Led Sørensen
- Juliane Marie Centre and Mary Elizabeths Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Have Dall
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Morari V, Champion RB, Bailey DP, Ferrandino LE, Jones RL. Acute Cardiometabolic and Exercise Responses to Breakfast Omission Versus Breakfast Consumption in Adolescent Girls: A Randomised Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3210. [PMID: 37513628 PMCID: PMC10386247 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Girls often begin to skip breakfast during adolescence. This study compared the acute effect of breakfast omission versus consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers and perceived appetite and mood during rest and/or exercise in adolescent girls classified as habitual breakfast consumers. Girls (aged 13.2 ± 0.7 years) completed two 5.5 h conditions in a randomised crossover design: breakfast omission (BO) and standardised breakfast consumption (BC). A standardised lunch was provided at 3 h. Incremental cycling exercise was performed at 5 h. Blood and expired gas samples were taken at regular intervals. Whilst pre-lunch plasma glucose, insulin, and Metabolic Load Index incremental area under the curve (IAUC) were significantly lower in BO versus BC, post-lunch differences were reversed and larger in magnitude. Peak plasma glucose and insulin were significantly higher in BO versus BC. Pre-lunch perceived fullness and hunger were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in BO versus BC. Perceived energy and concentration were lower, and tiredness was higher, in BO versus BC. Exercise peak fat oxidation and Fatmax were unaffected. The lower physical activity enjoyment in BO versus BC approached significance. To conclude, acutely omitting breakfast adversely affects cardiometabolic risk markers and exercise enjoyment among adolescent girls who habitually consume breakfast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Victoria Morari
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Rachael B Champion
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Louise E Ferrandino
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
- Health Advancement Research Team (HART), School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Morgado MC, Sousa M, Marques C, Coelho AB, Costa JA, Seabra A. Effects of Physical Activity and Nutrition Education on the Gut Microbiota in Overweight and Obese Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1242. [PMID: 37508739 PMCID: PMC10378599 DOI: 10.3390/children10071242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity continues to represent a growing challenge, and it has been associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study examines the gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese school children and assesses whether a 12-week multidisciplinary intervention can induce changes in the gut microbiota. The intervention, which combined recreational football and nutritional education, was implemented among 15 school children, aged 7-10 years, with a Body Mass Index ≥ 85th percentile. The children were assigned into two groups: Football Group (n = 9) and Nutrition and Football Group (n = 6). Faecal samples were collected at the beginning and end of the program and analysed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Over the intervention, a significant decrease was found collectively for Bifidobacterium genera (p = 0.011) and for Roseburia genera in the Football Group (p = 0.021). The relative abundance of Roseburia (p = 0.002) and Roseburia faecis (p = 0.009) was negatively correlated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), while Prevotella copri was positively correlated with MVPA (p = 0.010) and with the daily intake of protein (p = 0.008). Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention was capable of inducing limited but significant positive changes in the gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese school children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B Coelho
- Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Júlio A Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Scales J, Chavda J, Ikeda E, Tsocheva I, Dove RE, Wood HE, Kalsi H, Colligan G, Griffiths L, Day B, Crichlow C, Keighley A, Fletcher M, Newby C, Tomini F, Balkwill F, Mihaylova B, Grigg J, Beevers S, Eldridge S, Sheikh A, Gauderman J, Kelly F, Randhawa G, Mudway IS, van Sluijs E, Griffiths CJ. Device-Measured Change in Physical Activity in Primary School Children During the UK COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:639-647. [PMID: 37142406 PMCID: PMC7614900 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown measures, including school closures, due to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused widespread disruption to children's lives. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a national lockdown on children's physical activity using seasonally matched accelerometry data. METHODS Using a pre/post observational design, 179 children aged 8 to 11 years provided physical activity data measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers worn for 5 consecutive days prepandemic and during the January to March 2021 lockdown. Multilevel regression analyses adjusted for covariates were used to assess the impact of lockdown on time spent in sedentary and moderate to vigorous physical activity. RESULTS A 10.8-minute reduction in daily time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (standard error: 2.3 min/d, P < .001) and a 33.2-minute increase in daily sedentary activity (standard error: 5.5 min/d, P < .001) were observed during lockdown. This reflected a reduction in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity for those unable to attend school (-13.1 [2.3] min/d, P < .001) during lockdown, with no significant change for those who continued to attend school (0.4 [4.0] min/d, P < .925). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the loss of in-person schooling was the single largest impact on physical activity in this cohort of primary school children in London, Luton, and Dunstable, United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Scales
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Chavda
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton,United Kingdom
| | - Erika Ikeda
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Ivelina Tsocheva
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton,United Kingdom
| | - Rosamund E Dove
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Wood
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Harpal Kalsi
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Grainne Colligan
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Griffiths
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Bill Day
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
| | - Cheryll Crichlow
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Keighley
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
| | - Monica Fletcher
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
| | - Chris Newby
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham,United Kingdom
| | - Florian Tomini
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Fran Balkwill
- Centre of the Cell, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Borislava Mihaylova
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sean Beevers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Eldridge
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London,United Kingdom
| | - James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,USA
| | - Frank Kelly
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton,United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Mudway
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Asthma and Lung UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh,United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,United Kingdom
- MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London,United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Borodulin K, Anderssen S. Physical activity: associations with health and summary of guidelines. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9719. [PMID: 37441512 PMCID: PMC10335097 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of how physical activity and insufficient physical activity are associated with health outcomes has increased considerably over the past decades. Along with physical activity, the evidence on the associations between sedentary behavior and health has increased, which has resulted in the introduction of recommendations of sedentary behavior. In this article, we 1) present terminology for physical activity and sedentary behavior epidemiology, 2) show the relevant scientific evidence on associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with selected health-related outcomes and 3) introduce the global guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behavior by the World Health Organization (WHO). Health-related outcomes include cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, total mortality, glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes, adiposity, overweight, obesity, cancer, musculoskeletal and bone health, brain health, and quality of life. These health-related outcomes are reflected across age groups and some population groups, such as pregnant and postpartum women. Furthermore, we discuss physical activity levels across Nordic countries and over time. For the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, shared common physical activity guidelines were not developed. Instead, each country has created their own guidelines that are being referenced in the article, along with the global WHO guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigmund Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jarnig G, Kerbl R, Jaunig J, van Poppel MNM. Effects of a daily physical activity intervention on the health-related fitness status of primary school children: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1073-1082. [PMID: 37733413 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
An important barrier for a nationwide implementation of a daily physical activity (PA) at primary schools is the lack of spatial and human resources. Therefore, we developed a PA intervention that can be implemented without additional spatial resources or changes in school curricula. In the intervention group, children received a daily PA unit consisting of physical education lessons and simultaneous academic content over a 9-month period. The control group received conventional (physical education) classes. Body weight, height, waist circumference and health-related fitness parameters were measured. Of 412 children (9.7 ± 0.5 years) included, 228 participated in the intervention group. In regression analysis adjusted for baseline, gender, school location, sports club membership (total only) with standardized outcome variables, the intervention group showed a reduction in waist-to-height ratio (B = 0.30, p < 0.001) and an increase in several fitness parameters (cardiorespiratory endurance: B = 0.20, p = 0.037; lower body muscle strength: B = 0.11, p = 0.041; lower body muscle endurance: B = 0.12, p = 0.027; flexibility: B = 0.19, p = 0.019) compared to the control group. Intervention effects for cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility were more pronounced in the group of children without sports club membership. Thus, especially children with no sport club membership seem to benefit from daily PA in school (Trial registration: DRKS00025515).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Kerbl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKH Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Akram M, Cerin E, Lamb KE, White SR. Modelling count, bounded and skewed continuous outcomes in physical activity research: beyond linear regression models. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:57. [PMID: 37147664 PMCID: PMC10163772 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inference using standard linear regression models (LMs) relies on assumptions that are rarely satisfied in practice. Substantial departures, if not addressed, have serious impacts on any inference and conclusions; potentially rendering them invalid and misleading. Count, bounded and skewed outcomes, common in physical activity research, can substantially violate LM assumptions. A common approach to handle these is to transform the outcome and apply a LM. However, a transformation may not suffice. METHODS In this paper, we introduce the generalized linear model (GLM), a generalization of the LM, as an approach for the appropriate modelling of count and non-normally distributed (i.e., bounded and skewed) outcomes. Using data from a study of physical activity among older adults, we demonstrate appropriate methods to analyse count, bounded and skewed outcomes. RESULTS We show how fitting an LM when inappropriate, especially for the type of outcomes commonly encountered in physical activity research, substantially impacts the analysis, inference, and conclusions compared to a GLM. CONCLUSIONS GLMs which more appropriately model non-normally distributed response variables should be considered as more suitable approaches for managing count, bounded and skewed outcomes rather than simply relying on transformations. We recommend that physical activity researchers add the GLM to their statistical toolboxes and become aware of situations when GLMs are a better method than traditional approaches for modeling count, bounded and skewed outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen E Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simon R White
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|