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Gao S, Liu XP, Li TT, Chen L, Feng YP, Wang YK, Yin YJ, Little PJ, Wu XQ, Xu SW, Jiang XD. Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): from metabolic pathobiology to drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:23-35. [PMID: 37644131 PMCID: PMC10770177 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently a preeminent challenge for cardiovascular medicine. It has a poor prognosis, increasing mortality, and is escalating in prevalence worldwide. Despite accounting for over 50% of all HF patients, the mechanistic underpinnings driving HFpEF are poorly understood, thus impeding the discovery and development of mechanism-based therapies. HFpEF is a disease syndrome driven by diverse comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and obesity, pulmonary hypertension, aging, and atrial fibrillation. There is a lack of high-fidelity animal models that faithfully recapitulate the HFpEF phenotype, owing primarily to the disease heterogeneity, which has hampered our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF. This review provides an updated overview of the currently available animal models of HFpEF and discusses their characteristics from the perspective of energy metabolism. Interventional strategies for efficiently utilizing energy substrates in preclinical HFpEF models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Xue-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yi-Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qian Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
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2
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Tian Y, Lu W, Shi R, McGuffee R, Lee R, Ford DA, Wang B. Targeting phospholipid remodeling pathway improves insulin resistance in diabetic mouse models. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23251. [PMID: 37823674 PMCID: PMC10575708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301122rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that membrane phospholipid composition controlled by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) is involved in the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting Lpcat3 in the treatment of insulin resistance in diabetic mouse models. Lpcat3 expression was suppressed in the whole body by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) injection or in the liver by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-encoded Cre in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced and genetic ob/ob type 2 diabetic mouse models. Glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Lipid levels in the liver and serum were measured. The expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Metabolic rates were measured by indirect calorimetry using the Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). Our data demonstrate that acute knockout of hepatic Lpcat3 by AAV-Cre improves both hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in HFD-fed mice. Similarly, whole-body ablation of Lpcat3 by ASO administration improves obesity and insulin resistance in both HFD-fed and ob/ob mice. These findings demonstrate that targeting LPCAT3 could be a novel therapy for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Reagan McGuffee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63104
| | | | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63104
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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3
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Tian Y, Mehta K, Jellinek MJ, Sun H, Lu W, Shi R, Ingram K, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Kemper JK, Ford DA, Zhang K, Wang B. Hepatic Phospholipid Remodeling Modulates Insulin Sensitivity and Systemic Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300416. [PMID: 37088778 PMCID: PMC10288282 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Aberrant insulin action in the liver is a major driver of selective insulin resistance, in which insulin fails to suppress glucose production but continues to activate lipogenesis in the liver, resulting in hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The underlying mechanisms of selective insulin resistance are not fully understood. Here It is shown that hepatic membrane phospholipid composition controlled by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) regulates insulin signaling and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding augments hepatic Lpcat3 expression and membrane unsaturation. Loss of Lpcat3 in the liver improves insulin resistance and blunts lipogenesis in both HFD-fed and genetic ob/ob mouse models. Mechanistically, Lpcat3 deficiency directly facilitates insulin receptor endocytosis, signal transduction, and hepatic glucose production suppression and indirectly enhances fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion, energy expenditure, and glucose uptake in adipose tissue. These findings identify hepatic LPCAT3 and membrane phospholipid composition as a novel regulator of insulin sensitivity and provide insights into the pathogenesis of selective insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Matthew J. Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyand Center for Cardiovascular ResearchSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMO63104USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Kevin Ingram
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Randall H. Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyand Center for Cardiovascular ResearchSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMO63104USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Division of Nutritional SciencesCollege of AgriculturalConsumer and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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Kovilakath A, Wohlford G, Cowart LA. Circulating sphingolipids in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1154447. [PMID: 37229233 PMCID: PMC10203217 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of significant advancements in early detection and treatment of heart failure have precipitated the need for discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Over the past decade, circulating sphingolipids have elicited promising results as biomarkers that premonish adverse cardiac events. Additionally, compelling evidence directly ties sphingolipids to these events in patients with incident heart failure. This review aims to summarize the current literature on circulating sphingolipids in both human cohorts and animal models of heart failure. The goal is to provide direction and focus for future mechanistic studies in heart failure, as well as pave the way for the development of new sphingolipid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - George Wohlford
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Richmond Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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5
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Gumz ML, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Balijepalli RC, Benedict C, Chen Y, Earnest DJ, Gamble KL, Garrison SR, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Hong Y, Ivy JR, Joe B, Laposky AD, Liang M, MacLaughlin EJ, Martino TA, Pollock DM, Redline S, Rogers A, Dan Rudic R, Schernhammer ES, Stergiou GS, St-Onge MP, Wang X, Wright J, Oh YS. Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report. Hypertension 2023; 80:503-522. [PMID: 36448463 PMCID: PMC9931676 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (M.L.G.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, The Columbia Hypertension Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A.)
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Research Department, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (Y.C.)
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX (D.J.E.)
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott R Garrison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada (S.R.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.C.G.)
| | | | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.R.I.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (B.J.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (A.D.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (M.L.)
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX (E.J.M.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- Center for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Amy Rogers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, GA (R.D.R.)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.S.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center, STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center' New York, NY (M.-P.S.-O.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, GA (X.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
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Chen MY, Meng XF, Han YP, Yan JL, Xiao C, Qian LB. Profile of crosstalk between glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Inflammation and oxidative stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983713. [PMID: 36187088 PMCID: PMC9521548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the risk, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus, of cardiovascular diseases has been increasing explosively with the development of living conditions and the expansion of social psychological pressure. The disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism contributes to both collapse of myocardial structure and cardiac dysfunction, which ultimately leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is multifactorial, including inflammatory cascade activation, oxidative/nitrative stress, and the following impaired Ca2+ handling induced by insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia in diabetes. Some key alterations of cellular signaling network, such as translocation of CD36 to sarcolemma, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, up-regulation of AGE/RAGE system, and disequilibrium of micro-RNA, mediate diabetic oxidative stress/inflammation related myocardial remodeling and ventricular dysfunction in the context of glucose and lipid metabolic disturbance. Here, we summarized the detailed oxidative stress/inflammation network by which the abnormality of glucose and lipid metabolism facilitates diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Lipotoxicity: a driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2265-2283. [PMID: 34643676 PMCID: PMC8543140 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health concern, with rising incidence alongside high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology of HFpEF is not yet fully understood. The association between HFpEF and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism could drive diastolic dysfunction and subsequent HFpEF. Herein we summarise recent advances regarding the pathogenesis of HFpEF in the context of MetS, with a focus on impaired lipid handling, myocardial lipid accumulation and subsequent lipotoxicity.
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Aroor AR, Mummidi S, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Das N, Habibi J, Jia G, Lastra G, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. Sacubitril/valsartan inhibits obesity-associated diastolic dysfunction through suppression of ventricular-vascular stiffness. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:80. [PMID: 33882908 PMCID: PMC8061206 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac diastolic dysfunction (DD) and arterial stiffness are early manifestations of obesity-associated prediabetes, and both serve as risk factors for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Since the incidence of DD and arterial stiffness are increasing worldwide due to exponential growth in obesity, an effective treatment is urgently needed to blunt their development and progression. Here we investigated whether the combination of an inhibitor of neprilysin (sacubitril), a natriuretic peptide-degrading enzyme, and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (valsartan), suppresses DD and arterial stiffness in an animal model of prediabetes more effectively than valsartan monotherapy. METHODS Sixteen-week-old male Zucker Obese rats (ZO; n = 64) were assigned randomly to 4 different groups: Group 1: saline control (ZOC); Group 2: sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val; 68 mg•kg-1•day-1; ZOSV); Group 3: valsartan (31 mg•kg-1•day-1; ZOV) and Group 4: hydralazine, an anti-hypertensive drug (30 mg•kg-1•day-1; ZOH). Six Zucker Lean (ZL) rats that received saline only (Group 5) served as lean controls (ZLC). Drugs were administered daily for 10 weeks by oral gavage. RESULTS Sac/val improved echocardiographic parameters of impaired left ventricular (LV) stiffness in untreated ZO rats, without altering the amount of food consumed or body weight gained. In addition to improving DD, sac/val decreased aortic stiffness and reversed impairment in nitric oxide-induced vascular relaxation in ZO rats. However, sac/val had no impact on LV hypertrophy. Notably, sac/val was more effective than val in ameliorating DD. Although, hydralazine was as effective as sac/val in improving these parameters, it adversely affected LV mass index. Further, cytokine array revealed distinct effects of sac/val, including marked suppression of Notch-1 by both valsartan and sac/val, suggesting that cardiovascular protection afforded by both share some common mechanisms; however, sac/val, but not val, increased IL-4, which is increasingly recognized for its cardiovascular protection, possibly contributing, in part, to more favorable effects of sac/val over val alone in improving obesity-associated DD. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that sac/val is superior to val in reversing obesity-associated DD. It is an effective drug combination to blunt progression of asymptomatic DD and vascular stiffness to HFpEF development in a preclinical model of obesity-associated prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0 One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Das
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0 One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0 One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guido Lastra
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0 One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0 One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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9
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Tomczyk MM, Dolinsky VW. The Cardiac Lipidome in Models of Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:E254. [PMID: 32560541 PMCID: PMC7344916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. There are numerous factors involved in the development of CVD. Among these, lipids have an important role in maintaining the myocardial cell structure as well as cardiac function. Fatty acids (FA) are utilized for energy, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD and heart failure. Advances in mass spectrometry methods have enabled the comprehensive analysis of a plethora of lipid species from a single sample comprised of a heterogeneous population of lipid molecules. Determining cardiac lipid alterations in different models of CVD identifies novel biomarkers as well as reveals molecular mechanisms that underlie disease development and progression. This information could inform the development of novel therapeutics in the treatment of CVD. Herein, we provide a review of recent studies of cardiac lipid profiles in myocardial infarction, obesity, and diabetic and dilated cardiomyopathy models of CVD by methods of mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M. Tomczyk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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10
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Multi-Omics Analysis of Diabetic Heart Disease in the db/db Model Reveals Potential Targets for Treatment by a Longevity-Associated Gene. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051283. [PMID: 32455800 PMCID: PMC7290798 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterisation of animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy may help unravel new molecular targets for therapy. Long-living individuals are protected from the adverse influence of diabetes on the heart, and the transfer of a longevity-associated variant (LAV) of the human BPIFB4 gene protects cardiac function in the db/db mouse model. This study aimed to determine the effect of LAV-BPIFB4 therapy on the metabolic phenotype (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UHPLC-MS) and cardiac transcriptome (next-generation RNAseq) in db/db mice. UHPLC-MS showed that 493 cardiac metabolites were differentially modulated in diabetic compared with non-diabetic mice, mainly related to lipid metabolism. Moreover, only 3 out of 63 metabolites influenced by LAV-BPIFB4 therapy in diabetic hearts showed a reversion from the diabetic towards the non-diabetic phenotype. RNAseq showed 60 genes were differentially expressed in hearts of diabetic and non-diabetic mice. The contrast between LAV-BPIFB4- and vehicle-treated diabetic hearts revealed eight genes differentially expressed, mainly associated with mitochondrial and metabolic function. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that LAV-BPIFB4 re-programmed the heart transcriptome and metabolome rather than reverting it to a non-diabetic phenotype. Beside illustrating global metabolic and expressional changes in diabetic heart, our findings pinpoint subtle changes in mitochondrial-related proteins and lipid metabolism that could contribute to LAV-BPIFB4-induced cardio-protection in a murine model of type-2 diabetes.
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11
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Pérez‐Ramírez IF, González‐Dávalos ML, Mora O, Silva I, Gallegos‐Corona MA, Guzmán‐Maldonado SH, Reynoso‐Camacho R. Cardiac Lipid Metabolism Is Modulated by
Casimiroa edulis
and
Crataegus pubescens
Aqueous Extracts in High Fat and Fructose (HFF) Diet‐Fed Obese Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - María L. González‐Dávalos
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN) Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 76230 Querétaro México
| | - Ofelia Mora
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN) Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 76230 Querétaro México
| | - Isaac Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro 76230 Querétaro México
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12
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Sur S, Nakanishi H, Flaveny C, Ippolito JE, McHowat J, Ford DA, Ray RB. Inhibition of the key metabolic pathways, glycolysis and lipogenesis, of oral cancer by bitter melon extract. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:131. [PMID: 31638999 PMCID: PMC6802351 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer which favours rapid energy production, biosynthetic capabilities and therapy resistance. In our previous study, we showed bitter melon extract (BME) prevents carcinogen induced mouse oral cancer. RNA sequence analysis from mouse tongue revealed a significant modulation in "Metabolic Process" by altering glycolysis and lipid metabolic pathways in BME fed group as compared to cancer group. In present study, we evaluated the effect of BME on glycolysis and lipid metabolism pathways in human oral cancer cells. METHODS Cal27 and JHU022 cells were treated with BME. RNA and protein expression were analysed for modulation of glycolytic and lipogenesis genes by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analyses and immunofluorescence. Lactate and pyruvate level was determined by GC/MS. Extracellular acidification and glycolytic rate were measured using the Seahorse XF analyser. Shotgun lipidomics in Cal27 and JHU022 cell lines following BME treatment was performed by ESI/ MS. ROS was measured by FACS. RESULTS Treatment with BME on oral cancer cell lines significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of key glycolytic genes SLC2A1 (GLUT-1), PFKP, LDHA, PKM and PDK3. Pyruvate and lactate levels and glycolysis rate were reduced in oral cancer cells following BME treatment. In lipogenesis pathway, we observed a significant reduction of genes involves in fatty acid biogenesis, ACLY, ACC1 and FASN, at the mRNA and protein levels following BME treatment. Further, BME treatment significantly reduced phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and plasmenylethanolamine, and reduced iPLA2 activity. Additionally, BME treatment inhibited lipid raft marker flotillin expression and altered its subcellular localization. ER-stress associated CHOP expression and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were induced by BME, which facilitated apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that bitter melon extract inhibits glycolysis and lipid metabolism and induces ER and oxidative stress-mediated cell death in oral cancer. Thus, BME-mediated metabolic reprogramming of oral cancer cells will have important preventive and therapeutic implications along with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Colin Flaveny
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Joseph E. Ippolito
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Jane McHowat
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - David A. Ford
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- 0000 0004 1936 9342grid.262962.bDepartment of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104 USA
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13
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Walls SM, Cammarato A, Chatfield DA, Ocorr K, Harris GL, Bodmer R. Ceramide-Protein Interactions Modulate Ceramide-Associated Lipotoxic Cardiomyopathy. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy (LCM) is characterized by abnormal myocardial accumulation of lipids, including ceramide; however, the contribution of ceramide to the etiology of LCM is unclear. Here, we investigated the association of ceramide metabolism and ceramide-interacting proteins (CIPs) in LCM in the Drosophila heart model. We find that ceramide feeding or ceramide-elevating genetic manipulations are strongly associated with cardiac dilation and defects in contractility. High ceramide-associated LCM is prevented by inhibiting ceramide synthesis, establishing a robust model of direct ceramide-associated LCM, corroborating previous indirect evidence in mammals. We identified several CIPs from mouse heart and Drosophila extracts, including caspase activator Annexin-X, myosin chaperone Unc-45, and lipogenic enzyme FASN1, and remarkably, their cardiac-specific manipulation can prevent LCM. Collectively, these data suggest that high ceramide-associated lipotoxicity is mediated, in part, through altering caspase activation, sarcomeric maintenance, and lipogenesis, thus providing evidence for conserved mechanisms in LCM pathogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Walls
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dale A Chatfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg L Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Sharma AX, Quittner-Strom EB, Lee Y, Johnson JA, Martin SA, Yu X, Li J, Lu J, Cai Z, Chen S, Wang MY, Zhang Y, Pearson MJ, Dorn AC, McDonald JG, Gordillo R, Yan H, Thai D, Wang ZV, Unger RH, Holland WL. Glucagon Receptor Antagonism Improves Glucose Metabolism and Cardiac Function by Promoting AMP-Mediated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1760-1773. [PMID: 29444429 PMCID: PMC5978750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic potential of glucagon receptor antagonism presents an opportunity for use in an insulin-centric clinical environment. To investigate the metabolic effects of glucagon receptor antagonism in type 2 diabetes, we treated Leprdb/db and Lepob/ob mice with REMD 2.59, a human monoclonal antibody and competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor. As expected, REMD 2.59 suppresses hepatic glucose production and improves glycemia. Surprisingly, it also enhances insulin action in both liver and skeletal muscle, coinciding with an increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated lipid oxidation. Furthermore, weekly REMD 2.59 treatment over a period of months protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy. These functional improvements are not derived simply from correcting the systemic milieu; nondiabetic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of lipoprotein lipase also show improvements in contractile function after REMD 2.59 treatment. These observations suggest that hyperglucagonemia enables lipotoxic conditions, allowing the development of insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit X Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ezekiel B Quittner-Strom
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - John Lu
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | | | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Andie C Dorn
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Dung Thai
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA.
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15
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Aggarwal S, Jilling T, Doran S, Ahmad I, Eagen JE, Gu S, Gillespie M, Albert CJ, Ford D, Oh JY, Patel RP, Matalon S. Phosgene inhalation causes hemolysis and acute lung injury. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:204-213. [PMID: 31047999 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosgene (Carbonyl Chloride, COCl2) remains an important chemical intermediate in many industrial processes such as combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons and synthesis of solvents (degreasers, cleaners). It is a sweet smelling gas, and therefore does not prompt escape by the victim upon exposure. Supplemental oxygen and ventilation are the only available management strategies. This study was aimed to delineate the pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers of acute lung injury post exposure to COCl2 gas. Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g), exposed to COCl2 gas (10 or 20 ppm) for 10 min in environmental chambers, had a dose dependent reduction in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2, 1 day post exposure. However, mortality increased only in mice exposed to 20 ppm of COCl2 for 10 min. Correspondingly, these mice (20 ppm) also had severe acute lung injury as indicated by an increase in lung wet to dry weight ratio, extravasation of plasma proteins and neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and an increase in total lung resistance. The increase in acute lung injury parameters in COCl2 (20 ppm, 10 min) exposed mice correlated with simultaneous increase in oxidation of red blood cells (RBC) membrane, RBC fragility, and plasma levels of cell-free heme. In addition, these mice had decreased plasmalogen levels (plasmenylethanolamine) and elevated levels of their breakdown product, polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylethanolamine, in the circulation suggesting damage to cellular plasma membranes. This study highlights the importance of free heme in the pathogenesis of COCl2 lung injury and identifies plasma membrane breakdown product as potential biomarkers of COCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Stephen Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Jeannette E Eagen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Stephen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Mark Gillespie
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Mobile, AL, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - David Ford
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States.
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16
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Zhang X, Chen W, Shao S, Xu G, Song Y, Xu C, Gao L, Hu C, Zhao J. A High-Fat Diet Rich in Saturated and Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Induces Disturbance of Thyroid Lipid Profile and Hypothyroxinemia in Male Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700599. [PMID: 29363248 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Increasing evidence has shown that the disturbance of lipid metabolism might make a possible contribution to the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction, including thyroid, yet it is unknown whether excess intake of dietary fat interferes in thyroid lipid profile. We investigate the effects of dietary fat toward the thyroid lipid profile and thyroid function. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats are fed with high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids or chow diet for 18 weeks. LC-MS analysis of thyroid shows that total free fatty acids (FFAs) content is significantly higher in HFD rats. The concentration of highly saturated triglycerides significantly increases in HFD rats, whereas the polyunsaturated triglyceride significantly decreases, indicating the decrease in unsaturation in the HFD group. Significant increase of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) is observed in HFD rats. Thyroid function tests show hypothyroxinemia (total thyroxine [TT4 ] and free thyroxine [FT4 ]) in HFD rats, and elevated thyrotropin (TSH) concentration. The HFD rats also show decreased thyroid uptake of iodine. CONCLUSION Excess intake of dietary fat induces disturbance of thyroid lipid profile and hypothyroxinemia, indicating thyroid dysfunction. We speculate that it may provide a new prospect in understanding the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China.,Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, China
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17
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Phospholipid Remodeling and Cholesterol Availability Regulate Intestinal Stemness and Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:206-220.e4. [PMID: 29395055 PMCID: PMC5807072 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adequate availability of cellular building blocks, including lipids, is a prerequisite for cellular proliferation, but excess dietary lipids are linked to increased cancer risk. Despite these connections, specific regulatory relationships between membrane composition, intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, and tumorigenesis are unclear. We reveal an unexpected link between membrane phospholipid remodeling and cholesterol biosynthesis and demonstrate that cholesterol itself acts as a mitogen for ISCs. Inhibition of the phospholipid-remodeling enzyme Lpcat3 increases membrane saturation and stimulates cholesterol biosynthesis, thereby driving ISC proliferation. Pharmacologic inhibition of cholesterol synthesis normalizes crypt hyperproliferation in Lpcat3-deficient organoids and mice. Conversely, increasing cellular cholesterol content stimulates crypt organoid growth, and providing excess dietary cholesterol or driving endogenous cholesterol synthesis through SREBP-2 expression promotes ISC proliferation in vivo. Finally, disruption of Lpcat3-dependent phospholipid and cholesterol homeostasis dramatically enhances tumor formation in Apcmin mice. These findings identify a critical dietary-responsive phospholipid-cholesterol axis regulating ISC proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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18
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Molecular mechanisms of cardiac pathology in diabetes - Experimental insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1949-1959. [PMID: 29109032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct pathology independent of co-morbidities such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Diminished glucose uptake due to impaired insulin signaling and decreased expression of glucose transporters is associated with a shift towards increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation and reduced cardiac efficiency in diabetic hearts. The cardiac metabolic profile in diabetes is influenced by disturbances in circulating glucose, insulin and fatty acids, and alterations in cardiomyocyte signaling. In this review, we focus on recent preclinical advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Genetic manipulation of cardiomyocyte insulin signaling intermediates has demonstrated that partial cardiac functional rescue can be achieved by upregulation of the insulin signaling pathway in diabetic hearts. Inconsistent findings have been reported relating to the role of cardiac AMPK and β-adrenergic signaling in diabetes, and systemic administration of agents targeting these pathways appear to elicit some cardiac benefit, but whether these effects are related to direct cardiac actions is uncertain. Overload of cardiomyocyte fuel storage is evident in the diabetic heart, with accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. Cardiac metabolic dysregulation in diabetes has been linked with oxidative stress and autophagy disturbance, which may lead to cell death induction, fibrotic 'backfill' and cardiac dysfunction. This review examines the weight of evidence relating to the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a particular focus on metabolic and signaling pathways. Areas of uncertainty in the field are highlighted and important knowledge gaps for further investigation are identified. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Hong SK, Choo EH, Ihm SH, Chang K, Seung KB. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor attenuates obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-βl and Smad2/3 pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model. Metabolism 2017; 76:42-55. [PMID: 28987239 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis may lead to diastolic dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-βl and its downstream Smad2/3 pathways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis, and the antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) might affect these pathways. We investigated whether DPP4i reduces myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways in the myocardium of a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed either a normal fat diet (chow) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the HFD-fed SHRs were randomized to either the DPP4i (MK-0626) or control (distilled water) groups for 12weeks. At 20weeks old, all the rats underwent hemodynamic and metabolic studies and Doppler echocardiography. Compared with the normal fat diet (chow)-fed SHRs, the HFD-fed SHRs developed a more intense degree of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and showed a constellation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, and exacerbated myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways. DPP4i significantly improved the metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. The echocardiogram showed that DPP4i improved the LV diastolic dysfunction (early to late ventricular filling velocity [E/A] ratio, 1.49±0.21 vs. 1.77±0.09, p<0.05). Furthermore, DPP4i significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis and collagen production by the myocardium and suppressed TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the heart. In addition, DPP4i decreased TGF-β1-induced collagen production and TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in rat cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, DPP4 inhibition attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved LV diastolic dysfunction in a DIO rat model by modulating the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Rong X, Wang B, Palladino EN, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Ford DA, Tontonoz P. ER phospholipid composition modulates lipogenesis during feeding and in obesity. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3640-3651. [PMID: 28846071 DOI: 10.1172/jci93616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) is a central regulator of lipogenesis whose activity is controlled by proteolytic cleavage. The metabolic factors that affect its processing are incompletely understood. Here, we show that dynamic changes in the acyl chain composition of ER phospholipids affect SREBP-1c maturation in physiology and disease. The abundance of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in liver ER is selectively increased in response to feeding and in the setting of obesity-linked insulin resistance. Exogenous delivery of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine to ER accelerated SREBP-1c processing through a mechanism that required an intact SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) pathway. Furthermore, induction of the phospholipid-remodeling enzyme LPCAT3 in response to liver X receptor (LXR) activation promoted SREBP-1c processing by driving the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into ER. Conversely, LPCAT3 deficiency increased membrane saturation, reduced nuclear SREBP-1c abundance, and blunted the lipogenic response to feeding, LXR agonist treatment, or obesity-linked insulin resistance. Desaturation of the ER membrane may serve as an auxiliary signal of the fed state that promotes lipid synthesis in response to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elisa Nd Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Lee E, Merriott DJ, Goulbourne CN, Cheng J, Cheng A, Gonen A, Allen RM, Palladino END, Ford DA, Wang T, Baldán Á, Tarling EJ. ABCG1 regulates pulmonary surfactant metabolism in mice and men. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:941-954. [PMID: 28264879 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by accumulation of surfactant. Surfactant synthesis and secretion are restricted to epithelial type 2 (T2) pneumocytes (also called T2 cells). Clearance of surfactant is dependent upon T2 cells and macrophages. ABCG1 is highly expressed in both T2 cells and macrophages. ABCG1-deficient mice accumulate surfactant, lamellar body-loaded T2 cells, lipid-loaded macrophages, B-1 lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins, clearly demonstrating that ABCG1 has a critical role in pulmonary homeostasis. We identify a variant in the ABCG1 promoter in patients with PAP that results in impaired activation of ABCG1 by the liver X receptor α, suggesting that ABCG1 basal expression and/or induction in response to sterol/lipid loading is essential for normal lung function. We generated mice lacking ABCG1 specifically in either T2 cells or macrophages to determine the relative contribution of these cell types on surfactant lipid homeostasis. These results establish a critical role for T2 cell ABCG1 in controlling surfactant and overall lipid homeostasis in the lung and in the pathogenesis of human lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elinor Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David J Merriott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Joan Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Angela Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Elisa N D Palladino
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Tisha Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ángel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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22
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Habibi J, Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Jia G, Hayden MR, Garro M, Barron B, Mayoux E, Rector RS, Whaley-Connell A, DeMarco VG. Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac diastolic function in a female rodent model of diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:9. [PMID: 28086951 PMCID: PMC5237274 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese and diabetic individuals are at increased risk for impairments in diastolic relaxation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The impairments in diastolic relaxation are especially pronounced in obese and diabetic women and predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in this population. Recent clinical data suggest sodium glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduces CVD events in diabetic individuals, but the mechanisms of this CVD protection are unknown. To determine whether targeting SGLT2 improves diastolic relaxation, we utilized empagliflozin (EMPA) in female db/db mice. Eleven week old female db/db mice were fed normal mouse chow, with or without EMPA, for 5 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), HbA1c and fasting glucose were significantly increased in untreated db/db mice (DbC) (P < 0.01). EMPA treatment (DbE) improved glycemic indices (P < 0.05), but not BP (P > 0.05). At baseline, DbC and DbE had already established impaired diastolic relaxation as indicated by impaired septal wall motion (>tissue Doppler derived E'/A' ratio) and increased left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (<E/E' ratio). Although these abnormalities persisted throughout the study period in DbC, diastolic function improved with EMPA treatment. In DbC, myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by increased expression of profibrotic/prohypertrophic proteins, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the development of these abnormalities were reduced with EMPA. DbC exhibited eccentric LV hypertrophy that was slightly improved by EMPA, indicated by a reduction in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area. In summary, EMPA improved glycemic indices along with diastolic relaxation, as well as SGK1/ENaC profibrosis signaling and associated interstitial fibrosis, all of which occurred in the absence of any changes in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Mona Garro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Departments of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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23
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Dong S, Zhang R, Liang Y, Shi J, Li J, Shang F, Mao X, Sun J. Changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy using UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:56. [PMID: 28736579 PMCID: PMC5520292 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by changes in the structure and contractility of the myocardium that are initiated in part by alterations in energy substrates. The underlying mechanisms of DCM are still under controversial. The observation of lipids, especially lipidomics profiling, can provide an insight into the know the biomarkers of DCM. The aim of our research was to detect changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced by feeding a high-sucrose/fat diet (HSFD) for 28 weeks and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to quadruple time-of flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to acquire and analyze the lipidomics profiling of myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, parameters of cardiac function were collected using cardiac catheterization, and the cardiac index was calculated, and fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. RESULTS We detected 3023 positive ion peaks and 300 negative ion peaks. Levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6/18:2), PC (22:6/18:1), PC (20:4/16:1), PC (16:1/18:3), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (20:4/18:2), and PE (20:4/16:0) were down-regulated, and PC (20:2/18:2), PC (18:0/16:0), and PC (20:4/18:0) were up-regulated in DCM model rats, when compared with control rats. Cardiac functions signed as values of left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal uprising velocity of left ventricular pressure and maximal decreasing velocity of left ventricular pressure were injured by 21-44%, and the cardiac index was increased by 25%, and fasting blood glucose and lipids were increased by 34-368%. Meanwhile, the cardiac lipid-related biomarkers have significant correlation with changes of cardiac function and cardiac index. CONCLUSIONS UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis data suggested changes of some potential lipid biomarkers in the development of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may serve as potential important targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of DCM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Yaoyue Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Fei Shang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xuezhou Mao
- Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi U.S., Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA
| | - Jianning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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24
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Abstract
With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of diabetes arise from persistent oxidative stress and dysfunction in multiple metabolic pathways. The most serious complications involve vascular damage and include cardiovascular disease as well as microvascular disorders such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Current clinical analyses like glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose measurements hold some value as prognostic indicators of the severity of complications, but investigations into the underlying pathophysiology are still lacking. Advancements in biotechnology hold the key to uncovering new pathways and establishing therapeutic targets. Metabolomics, the study of small endogenous molecules, is a powerful toolset for studying pathophysiological processes and has been used to elucidate metabolic signatures of diabetes in various biological systems. Current challenges in the field involve correlating these biomarkers to specific complications to provide a better prediction of future risk and disease progression. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in the field of metabolomics including technological advancements, the identification of potential biomarkers, and metabolic pathways relevant to macro- and microvascular diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Filla
- Saint Louis University Department of Chemistry, 3501 Laclede Ave. St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
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25
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Abdesselam I, Pepino P, Troalen T, Macia M, Ancel P, Masi B, Fourny N, Gaborit B, Giannesini B, Kober F, Dutour A, Bernard M. Time course of cardiometabolic alterations in a high fat high sucrose diet mice model and improvement after GLP-1 analog treatment using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:95. [PMID: 26546347 PMCID: PMC4636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications of obesity and diabetes are major health problems. Assessing their development, their link with ectopic fat deposition and their flexibility with therapeutic intervention is essential. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate cardiac alterations and ectopic fat accumulation associated with diet-induced obesity using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in mice. The second objective was to monitor cardiac response to exendin-4 (GLP-1 receptor agonist). METHODS Male C57BL6R mice subjected to a high fat (35 %) high sucrose (34 %) (HFHSD) or a standard diet (SD) during 4 months were explored every month with multimodal CMR to determine hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content (HTGC, MTGC) using proton MR spectroscopy, cardiac function with cine cardiac MR (CMR) and myocardial perfusion with arterial spin labeling CMR. Furthermore, mice treated with exendin-4 (30 μg/kg SC BID) after 4 months of diet were explored before and 14 days post-treatment with multimodal CMR. RESULTS HFHSD mice became significantly heavier (+33 %) and displayed glucose homeostasis impairment (1-month) as compared to SD mice, and developed early increase in HTGC (1 month, +59 %) and MTGC (2-month, +63 %). After 3 months, HFHSD mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly higher diastolic septum wall thickness (sWtnD) (1.28 ± 0.03 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 mm) and lower cardiac index (0.45 ± 0.06 mL/min/g vs. 0.68 ± 0.07 mL/min/g, p = 0.02) compared to SD mice. A significantly lower cardiac perfusion was also observed (4 months:7.5 ± 0.8 mL/g/min vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 mL/g/min, p = 0.03). Cardiac function at 4 months was negatively correlated to both HTGC and MTGC (p < 0.05). 14-day treatment with Exendin-4 (Ex-4) dramatically reversed all these alterations in comparison with placebo-treated HFHSD. Ex-4 diminished myocardial triglyceride content (-57.8 ± 4.1 %), improved cardiac index (+38.9 ± 10.9 %) and restored myocardial perfusion (+52.8 ± 16.4 %) under isoflurane anesthesia. Interestingly, increased wall thickness and hepatic steatosis reductions were independent of weight loss and glycemia decrease in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CMR longitudinal follow-up of cardiac consequences of obesity and diabetes showed early accumulation of ectopic fat in mice before the occurrence of microvascular and contractile dysfunction. This study also supports a cardioprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Abdesselam
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Pepino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Masi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
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26
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Aroor AR, Habibi J, Ford DA, Nistala R, Lastra G, Manrique C, Dunham MM, Ford KD, Thyfault JP, Parks EJ, Sowers JR, Rector RS. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition ameliorates Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through hepatic lipid remodeling and modulation of hepatic mitochondrial function. Diabetes 2015; 64:1988-2001. [PMID: 25605806 PMCID: PMC4439570 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel therapies are needed for treating the increasing prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Western populations. In this regard, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have recently been reported to attenuate the development of hepatic steatosis, but the potential mechanisms remain poorly defined. In the current study, 4-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) or a WD containing the DPP-4 inhibitor, MK0626, for 16 weeks. The DPP-4 inhibitor prevented WD-induced hepatic steatosis and reduced hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing insulin suppression of hepatic glucose output. WD-induced accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content was significantly attenuated with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. In addition, MK0626 significantly reduced mitochondrial incomplete palmitate oxidation and increased indices of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, TCA cycle flux, and hepatic TAG secretion. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibition rescued WD-induced decreases in hepatic PGC-1α and CPT-1 mRNA expression and hepatic Sirt1 protein content. Moreover, plasma uric acid levels in mice fed the WD were decreased after MK0626 treatment. These studies suggest that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by suppressing hepatic TAG and DAG accumulation through enhanced mitochondrial carbohydrate utilization and hepatic TAG secretion/export with a concomitant reduction of uric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Javad Habibi
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Guido Lastra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Camila Manrique
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Merlow M Dunham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kaitlin D Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - John P Thyfault
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - James R Sowers
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
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27
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Shon JC, Shin HS, Seo YK, Yoon YR, Shin H, Liu KH. Direct infusion MS-based lipid profiling reveals the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides in high-fat diet induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2919-2929. [PMID: 25744175 DOI: 10.1021/jf506216p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The serum lipid metabolites of lean and obese mice fed normal or high-fat diets were analyzed via direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis. In addition, lipidomic biomarkers responsible for the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides (CK), thus the CK fraction, were evaluated in mice fed high-fat diets. The obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated upon principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot, and the major metabolites contributing to such discrimination were triglycerides (TGs), cholesteryl esters (CEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). TGs with high total carbon number (>50) and low total carbon number (<50) were negatively and positively associated with high-fat diet induced obesity in mice, respectively. When the CK fraction was fed to obese mice that consumed a high-fat diet, the levels of certain lipids including LPCs and CEs became similar to those of mice fed a normal diet. Such metabolic markers can be used to better understand obesity and related diseases induced by a hyperlipidic diet. Furthermore, changes in the levels of such metabolites can be employed to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effects of obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Shon
- †College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hwa-Soo Shin
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Seo
- #Food Research Center, CJ Jeiljedang, Seoul 152-051, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- §Department of Biomedical Science and Clinical Trial Center, BK21 PLUS KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 700-734, Korea
| | - Heungsop Shin
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- †College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Rong X, Wang B, Dunham MM, Hedde PN, Wong JS, Gratton E, Young SG, Ford DA, Tontonoz P. Lpcat3-dependent production of arachidonoyl phospholipids is a key determinant of triglyceride secretion. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25806685 PMCID: PMC4400582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of specific phospholipids (PLs) in lipid transport has been difficult to assess due to an inability to selectively manipulate membrane composition in vivo. Here we show that the phospholipid remodeling enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (Lpcat3) is a critical determinant of triglyceride (TG) secretion due to its unique ability to catalyze the incorporation of arachidonate into membranes. Mice lacking Lpcat3 in the intestine fail to thrive during weaning and exhibit enterocyte lipid accumulation and reduced plasma TGs. Mice lacking Lpcat3 in the liver show reduced plasma TGs, hepatosteatosis, and secrete lipid-poor very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lacking arachidonoyl PLs. Mechanistic studies indicate that Lpcat3 activity impacts membrane lipid mobility in living cells, suggesting a biophysical basis for the requirement of arachidonoyl PLs in lipidating lipoprotein particles. These data identify Lpcat3 as a key factor in lipoprotein production and illustrate how manipulation of membrane composition can be used as a regulatory mechanism to control metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Merlow M Dunham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Jinny S Wong
- Electron Microscopy Core, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, United States
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Stephen G Young
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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29
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Bostick B, Habibi J, DeMarco VG, Jia G, Domeier TL, Lambert MD, Aroor AR, Nistala R, Bender SB, Garro M, Hayden MR, Ma L, Manrique C, Sowers JR. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents Western diet-induced diastolic dysfunction in female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1126-35. [PMID: 25747754 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00898.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overnutrition/obesity predisposes individuals, particularly women, to diastolic dysfunction (DD), an independent predictor of future cardiovascular disease. We examined whether low-dose spironolactone (Sp) prevents DD associated with consumption of a Western Diet (WD) high in fat, fructose, and sucrose. Female C57BL6J mice were fed a WD with or without Sp (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)). After 4 mo on the WD, mice exhibited increased body weight and visceral fat, but similar blood pressures, compared with control diet-fed mice. Sp prevented the development of WD-induced DD, as indicated by decreased isovolumic relaxation time and an improvement in myocardial performance (<Tei index) and septal annular velocity (<E'-to-A' ratio), as assessed by echocardiography, as well as decreased diastolic relaxation time/increased diastolic initial filling rate, as assessed by MRI. The relationship between passive sarcomere length of cardiac myocytes and ventricular pressure was monitored using di-8-ANEPPS staining of the t-tubule network in hearts ex vivo. Sp administration led to longer sarcomere lengths at each pressure indicative of improved ventricular compliance in WD-fed mice. Sp also prevented left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Sp prevented the WD-induced increased expression of myocardial proinflammatory M1 macrophage markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CD11c and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker CD206. These findings demonstrate that WD-induced DD is associated with increased oxidant stress, fibrosis, and immune dysregulation. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorated oxidant stress and fibrosis. This work supports a novel blood pressure-independent effect of MR antagonism as a strategy to prevent diet-induced DD in women. Mineralocorticoid antagonism; low-dose spironolactone; aldosterone;high-fat diet; high-fructose diet; oxidative stress; inflammation; cardiac hypertrophy; myocardial compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michelle D Lambert
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mona Garro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - Camila Manrique
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri; and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
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Baldan A, Gonen A, Choung C, Que X, Marquart TJ, Hernandez I, Bjorkhem I, Ford DA, Witztum JL, Tarling EJ. ABCG1 is required for pulmonary B-1 B cell and natural antibody homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5637-48. [PMID: 25339664 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and obesity, have a chronic inflammatory component involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Mice lacking the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) develop chronic inflammation in the lungs, which is associated with the lipid accumulation (cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid) and cholesterol crystal deposition that are characteristic of atherosclerotic lesions and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In this article, we demonstrate that specific lipids, likely oxidized phospholipids and/or sterols, elicit a lung-specific immune response in Abcg1(-/-) mice. Loss of ABCG1 results in increased levels of specific oxysterols, phosphatidylcholines, and oxidized phospholipids, including 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, in the lungs. Further, we identify a niche-specific increase in natural Ab (NAb)-secreting B-1 B cells in response to this lipid accumulation that is paralleled by increased titers of IgM, IgA, and IgG against oxidation-specific epitopes, such as those on oxidized low-density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein. Finally, we identify a cytokine/chemokine signature that is reflective of increased B cell activation, Ab secretion, and homing. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the accumulation of lipids in Abcg1(-/-) mice induces the specific expansion and localization of B-1 B cells, which secrete NAbs that may help to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, despite chronic lipid accumulation and inflammation, hyperlipidemic mice lacking ABCG1 develop smaller atherosclerotic lesions compared with controls. These data also suggest that Abcg1(-/-) mice may represent a new model in which to study the protective functions of B-1 B cells/NAbs and suggest novel targets for pharmacologic intervention and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Baldan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christina Choung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Xuchu Que
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tyler J Marquart
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28006; Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina IIBM-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35016, Spain; and
| | | | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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Carvajal K, Balderas-Villalobos J, Bello-Sanchez MD, Phillips-Farfán B, Molina-Muñoz T, Aldana-Quintero H, Gómez-Viquez NL. Ca(2+) mishandling and cardiac dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance: role of oxidative stress. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:408-15. [PMID: 25168907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly connected to the development of subclinical cardiac dysfunction and eventually can lead to heart failure, which is the main cause of morbidity and death in patients having these metabolic diseases. It has been considered that excessive fat tissue may play a critical role in producing systemic IR and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This oxidative stress (OS) may elicit or exacerbate IR. On the other hand, evidence suggests that some of the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and IR-related cardiomyopathy are excessive myocardial ROS production and abnormal Ca(2+) homeostasis. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that augmented ROS production may contribute to Ca(2+) mishandling by affecting the redox state of key proteins implicated in this process. In this review, we focus on the role of Ca(2+) mishandling in the development of cardiac dysfunction in obesity and IR and address the evidence suggesting that OS might also contribute to cardiac dysfunction by affecting Ca(2+) handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Balderas-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Bello-Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tzindilu Molina-Muñoz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Aldana-Quintero
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma L Gómez-Viquez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Bostick B, Habibi J, Ma L, Aroor A, Rehmer N, Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition prevents diastolic dysfunction and reduces myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of Western diet induced obesity. Metabolism 2014; 63:1000-11. [PMID: 24933400 PMCID: PMC4128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) is linked to rising obesity and heart disease, particularly diastolic dysfunction which characterizes early obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy. Mounting evidence supports a role for inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the pathophysiology of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a circulating exopeptidase recently reported to be elevated in the plasma of patients with insulin resistance (IR), obesity and heart failure. We hypothesized that a model of WD induced obesity/metabolic cardiomyopathy would exhibit increased DPP-4 activity and cardiac fibrosis with DPP-4 inhibition preventing cardiac fibrosis and the associated diastolic dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS Four-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose WD with the DPP-4 inhibitor MK0626 for 16 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by high-resolution cine-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Phenotypic analysis included measurements of body and heart weight, systemic IR and DPP-4 activity. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to identify underlying pathologic mechanisms. RESULTS We found that chronic WD consumption caused obesity, IR, elevated plasma DPP-4 activity, heart enlargement and diastolic dysfunction. DPP-4 inhibition with MK0626 in WD fed mice resulted in >75% reduction in plasma DPP-4 activity, improved IR and normalized diastolic relaxation. WD consumption induced myocardial oxidant stress and fibrosis with amelioration by MK0626. TEM of hearts from WD fed mice revealed abnormal mitochondrial and perivascular ultrastructure partially corrected by MK0626. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a role for increased DPP-4 activity in metabolic cardiomyopathy and a potential role for DPP-4 inhibition in prevention and/or correction of oxidant stress/fibrosis and associated diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bostick
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Rehmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia MO, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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33
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Hall ME, Maready MW, Hall JE, Stec DE. Rescue of cardiac leptin receptors in db/db mice prevents myocardial triglyceride accumulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E316-25. [PMID: 24939734 PMCID: PMC4121577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00005.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased leptin levels have been suggested to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and attenuate cardiac lipid accumulation in obesity, although it has been difficult to separate leptin's direct effects from those caused by changes in body weight and adiposity. To determine whether leptin attenuates cardiac lipid accumulation in obesity or directly causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we generated a novel mouse model in which the long form of the leptin receptor (LepR) was "rescued" only in cardiomyocytes of obese db/db mice. Reexpression of cardiomyocyte leptin receptors in db/db mice did not cause LVH but reduced cardiac triglycerides and improved cardiac function. Compared with lean wild-type (WT) or db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice, db/db mice exhibited significantly lower E/A ratio, a measurement of early to late diastolic filling, which averaged 1.5 ± 0.07 in db/db vs. 1.9 ± 0.08 and 1.8 ± 0.11 in WT and db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice, respectively. No differences in systolic function were observed. Although db/db and db/db-cardiac LepR rescue mice exhibited similar increases in plasma triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and body weight, cardiac triglycerides were significantly higher in db/db compared with WT and db/db cardiac LepR rescue mice, averaging 13.4 ± 4.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7 mg/g, respectively. These results demonstrate that despite significant obesity and increases in plasma glucose and triglycerides, db/db cardiac LepR rescue mice are protected against myocardial lipid accumulation. However, we found no evidence that leptin directly causes LVH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Heterozygote
- Hyperglycemia/etiology
- Hyperinsulinism/etiology
- Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Leptin/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Receptors, Leptin/agonists
- Receptors, Leptin/deficiency
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Matthew W Maready
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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de Almeida AR, Monte-Alegre S, Zanini MB, Souza AL, Etchebehere M, Gontijo JAR. Association between prehypertension, metabolic and inflammatory markers, decreased adiponectin and enhanced insulinemia in obese subjects. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24966877 PMCID: PMC4070164 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with development of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome, which is a constellation of risk factors, such as insulin resistance, inflammatory response, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure that predispose affected individuals to well-characterized medical conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular and kidney chronic disease. The study was designed to establish relationship between metabolic and inflammatory disorder, renal sodium retention and enhanced blood pressure in a group of obese subjects compared with age-matched, lean volunteers. Methods The study was performed after 14 h overnight fast after and before OGTT in 13 lean (BMI 22.92 ± 2.03 kg/m2) and, 27 obese (BMI 36.15 ± 3.84 kg/m2) volunteers. Assessment of HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were calculated and circulating concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein, measured by immunoassay. Results The study shows that a hyperinsulinemic (HI: 10.85 ± 4.09 μg/ml) subgroup of well-characterized metabolic syndrome bearers-obese subjects show higher glycemic and elevated blood pressure levels when compared to lean and normoinsulinemic (NI: 5.51 ± 1.18 μg/ml, P < 0.027) subjects. Here, the combination of hyperinsulinemia, higher HOMA-IR (HI: 2.19 ± 0.70 (n = 12) vs. LS: 0.83 ± 0.23 (n = 12) and NI: 0.98 ± 0.22 (n = 15), P < 0.0001) associated with lower QUICKI in HI obese when compared with LS and NI volunteers (P < 0.0001), suggests the occurrence of insulin resistance and a defect in insulin-stimulated peripheral action. Otherwise, the adiponectin measured in basal period was significantly enhanced in NI subjects when compared to HI groups (P < 0.04). The report also showed a similar insulin-mediated reduction of post-proximal urinary sodium excretion in lean (LS: 9.41 ± 0.68% vs. 6.38 ± 0.92%, P = 0.086), and normoinsulinemic (NI: 8.41 ± 0.72% vs. 5.66 ± 0.53%, P = 0.0025) and hyperinsulinemic obese subjects (HI: 8.82 ± 0.98% vs. 6.32 ± 0.67%, P = 0.0264), after oral glucose load, despite elevated insulinemic levels in hyperinsulinemic obeses. Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of adiponectin levels and dysfunctional inflammatory modulation associated with hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and renal dysfunction in a particular subgroup of obeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Roberta de Almeida
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Sarah Monte-Alegre
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Michele Bianca Zanini
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Aglécio Luiz Souza
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Maurício Etchebehere
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
- Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-592 Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Modeling combined schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:130-42. [PMID: 24747658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with a complex behavioral and cognitive phenotype underlined by a similarly complex etiology involving an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors during early development. Limited progress has been made in developing novel pharmacotherapy, partly due to a lack of valid animal models. The recent recognition of the potentially causal role of central and peripheral energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia raises the need of research on animal models that combine both behavioral and metabolic phenotypic domains, similar to what have been identified in humans. In this review we focus on selected genetic (DBA/2J mice, leptin receptor mutants, and PSD-93 knockout mice), early neurodevelopmental (maternal protein deprivation) and pharmacological (acute phencyclidine) animal models that capture the combined behavioral and metabolic abnormalities shown by schizophrenic patients. In reviewing behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia we apply the principles established by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) for better translation. We demonstrate that etiologically diverse manipulations such as specific breeding, deletion of genes that are primarily involved in metabolic regulation and in synaptic plasticity, as well as early metabolic deprivation and adult pharmacological challenge of the glutamate system can lead to schizophrenia-related behavioral and metabolic phenotypes, which suggest that these pathways might be interlinked. We propose that using animal models that combine different domains of schizophrenia can be used as a translationally valid approach to capture the system-level complex interplay between peripheral and central processes in the development of psychopathology.
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Aroor AR, McKarns S, Demarco VG, Jia G, Sowers JR. Maladaptive immune and inflammatory pathways lead to cardiovascular insulin resistance. Metabolism 2013; 62:1543-52. [PMID: 23932846 PMCID: PMC3809332 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity, the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The progression of insulin resistance increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The significance of insulin resistance is underscored by the alarming rise in the prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities in the Unites States and worldwide over the last 40-50 years. The incidence of obesity is also on the rise in adolescents. Furthermore, premenopausal women have lower CVD risk compared to men, but this protection is lost in the setting of obesity and insulin resistance. Although systemic and cardiovascular insulin resistance is associated with impaired insulin metabolic signaling and cardiovascular dysfunction, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and cardiovascular dysfunction remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes is linked to a metabolic inflammatory response, a state of systemic and tissue specific chronic low grade inflammation. Evidence is also emerging that there is polarization of macrophages and lymphocytes towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype that contributes to progression of insulin resistance in obesity, cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In this review, we provide new insights into factors, such as, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic activation and incretin modulators (e.g., DPP-4) and immune responses that mediate this inflammatory state in obesity and other conditions characterized by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
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Manrique C, DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Mugerfeld I, Garro M, Habibi J, Hayden MR, Sowers JR. Obesity and insulin resistance induce early development of diastolic dysfunction in young female mice fed a Western diet. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3632-42. [PMID: 23885014 PMCID: PMC5398539 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, constitutes the main source of morbidity and mortality in men and women with diabetes. Although healthy young women are protected against CVD, postmenopausal and diabetic women lose this CVD protection. Obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes promote heart failure in females, and diastolic dysfunction is the earliest manifestation of this heart failure. To examine the mechanisms promoting diastolic dysfunction in insulin-resistant females, this investigation evaluated the impact of 8 weeks of a high-fructose/high-fat Western diet (WD) on insulin sensitivity and cardiac structure and function in young C57BL6/J female versus male mice. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and two-dimensional echocardiograms were used to evaluate cardiac function. Both males and females developed systemic insulin resistance after 8 weeks of a WD. However, only the females developed diastolic dysfunction. The diastolic dysfunction promoted by the WD was accompanied by increases in collagen 1, a marker of stiffness, increased oxidative stress, reduced insulin metabolic signaling, and increased mitochondria and cardiac microvascular alterations as determined by electron microscopy. Aldosterone (a promoter of cardiac stiffness) levels were higher in females compared with males but were not affected by the WD in either gender. These data suggest a predisposition toward developing early diastolic heart failure in females exposed to a WD. These data are consistent with the notion that higher aldosterone levels, in concert with insulin resistance, may promote myocardial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction in response to overnutrition in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique
- MD, Professor of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center Health Sciences Center, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212.
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Cox EJ, Marsh SA. Exercise and diabetes have opposite effects on the assembly and O-GlcNAc modification of the mSin3A/HDAC1/2 complex in the heart. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:101. [PMID: 23835259 PMCID: PMC3708830 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy and benefits the diabetic heart. Mammalian switch-independent 3A (mSin3A) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2 regulate hypertrophic genes through associations with the DNA binding proteins repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a glucose derivative that is chronically elevated in diabetic hearts, and a previous study showed that exercise reduces cardiac O-GlcNAc. We hypothesized that O-GlcNAc and OGT would physically associate with mSin3A/HDAC1/2 in the heart, and that this interaction would be altered by diabetes and exercise. Methods 8-week-old type 2 diabetic db/db (db) and non-diabetic C57 mice were randomized to treadmill exercise or sedentary groups for 1 or 4 weeks. Results O-GlcNAc was significantly higher in db hearts and increased with exercise. Db hearts showed lower levels of mSin3A, HDAC1, and HDAC2 protein, but higher levels of HDAC2 mRNA and HDAC1/2 deacetylase activity. Elevated HDAC activity was associated with significantly blunted expression of α-actin and brain natriuretic peptide in db hearts. In sedentary db hearts, co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that mSin3A and OGT were less associated with HDAC1 and HDAC2, respectively, compared to sedentary C57 controls; however, exercise removed these differences. Conclusions These data indicate that diabetes and exercise oppositely affect interactions between pro-hypertrophic transcription factors, and suggest that an increase in total cardiac O-GlcNAc is a mechanism by which exercise benefits type 2 diabetic hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sowers
- Professor of Medicine, and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Director Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Director of the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Lastra G, Santos FR, Hooshmand P, Hooshmand P, Mugerfeld I, Aroor AR, Demarco VG, Sowers JR, Henriksen EJ. The Novel Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Azilsartan Medoxomil Ameliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by Chronic Angiotensin II Treatment in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Cardiorenal Med 2013; 3:154-164. [PMID: 23922555 DOI: 10.1159/000353155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin receptor (type 1) blockers (ARBs) can reduce both hypertension and insulin resistance induced by local and systemic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The effectiveness of azilsartan medoxomil (AZIL-M), a novel imidazole-based ARB, to facilitate metabolic improvements in conditions of angiotensin II (Ang II)-associated insulin resistance is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chronic AZIL-M treatment on glucose transport activity and key insulin signaling elements in red skeletal muscle of Ang II-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 8 weeks with or without Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) combined with either vehicle or AZIL-M (1 mg/kg/day). Ang II induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in blood pressure, which were completely prevented by AZIL-M. Furthermore, Ang II reduced insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in incubated soleus muscle, and AZIL-M co-treatment increased this parameter. Moreover, AZIL-M treatment of Ang II-infused animals increased the absolute phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules, including Akt [both Ser473 (81%) and Thr308 (23%)] and AS160 Thr642 (42%), in red gastrocnemius muscle frozen in situ. Absolute AMPKα (Thr172) phosphorylation increased (98%) by AZIL-M treatment, and relative Thr389 phosphorylation of p70 S6K1, a negative regulator of insulin signaling, decreased (51%) with AZIL-M treatment. These results indicate that ARB AZIL-M improves the in vitro insulin action on glucose transport in red soleus muscle and the functionality of the Akt/AS160 axis in red gastrocnemius muscle in situ in Ang II-induced insulin-resistant rats, with the latter modification possibly associated with enhanced AMPKα and suppressed p70 S6K1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lastra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA ; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo., USA
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Aroor A, McKarns S, Nistala R, DeMarco V, Gardner M, Garcia-Touza M, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. DPP-4 Inhibitors as Therapeutic Modulators of Immune Cell Function and Associated Cardiovascular and Renal Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Diabetes. Cardiorenal Med 2013; 3:48-56. [PMID: 23946724 DOI: 10.1159/000348756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. These findings parallel the expansion of childhood obesity and diabetes. Obesity is a central component of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) which increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The hallmark of obesity, CRS, and early type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, a result of decreased insulin metabolic signaling due, in part, to enhanced serine phosphorylation and/or proteasome-mediated degradation of the insulin receptor substrate. Cardiovascular and renal insulin resistance significantly contributes to endothelial dysfunction, impaired cardiac diastolic and vascular relaxation, glomerular injury, and tubular dysfunction. In this context, multiple factors including oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and the sympathetic nervous system contribute to overweight- and obesity-induced systemic and tissue insulin resistance. One common link between obesity and the development of insulin resistance appears to be a low-grade inflammatory response resulting from dysfunctional innate and adaptive immunity. In this regard, there has been recent work on the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in modulating innate and adaptive immunity. The direct effects of DPP-4 on immune cells and the indirect effects through GLP-1-dependent and -independent pathways suggest effects of DPP-4 inhibition may have beneficial effects beyond glycemic control in improving CVD and renal outcomes. Accordingly, this review addresses new insights into the role of DPP-4 in immune modulation and the potential beneficial effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in insulin resistance and associated CVD and CKD prevention.
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