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Hoffmann J, Thiele J, Kwast S, Borger MA, Schröter T, Schmidt J, Busse M. A new approach to quantify visceral fat via bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound compared to MRI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:209-217. [PMID: 37891402 PMCID: PMC10824659 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to systemic proinflammatory characteristics, and measuring it accurately usually requires sophisticated instruments. This study aimed to estimate VAT applying a simpler method that uses total subcutaneous fat and total body fat (BF) measurements. METHOD As part of our experimental approach, the subcutaneous fat mass (SFT) was measured via US (SFTtotal), and VAT was quantified by assessing MRI data. Both parameters were added to obtain total body fat (BFcalc). Those results were then compared to values obtained from a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BFBIA). Multiple regression analyses were employed to develop a simplified sex-specific equation for SFT, which was subsequently used in conjunction with BFBIA to determine VAT (VATEq). RESULT We observed excellent reliability between BFBIA and BFcalc, with no significant difference in body fat values (20.98 ± 8.36 kg vs. 21.08 ± 8.81 kg, p = 0.798, ICC 0.948). VATEq_female/male revealed excellent reliability when compared to VATMRI, and no significant difference appeared (women: 0.03 ± 0.66 kg with a 95% CI ranging from -1.26 kg to 1.32 kg, p = 0.815, ICC: 0.955.; men: -0.01 ± 0.85 kg with a 95% CI ranging from -1.69 kg to 1.66 kg, p = 0.925, ICC: 0.952). CONCLUSION Taking an experimental approach, VAT can be determined without MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hoffmann
- Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 20-30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jens Thiele
- Department of Radiology, Helios Klinik, 04435, Schkeuditz, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Schröter
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 20-30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Liu Y, Wei Y, Dou Y, Li C, Song C, Zhang Z, Qi K, Li X, Qiao R, Wang K, Li X, Yang F, Han X. Effect of miR-149-5p on intramuscular fat deposition in pigs based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:293. [PMID: 37259030 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the important traits in pig production, meat quality has important research significance and value. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the most important factors affecting pork quality. Many experimental studies have shown that IMF content is closely related to the flavor, tenderness, and juiciness of pork. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of porcine IMF deposition. Previous research indicated that miR-149-5p promoted the proliferation of porcine intramuscular (IM) preadipocytes and decreased their ability to differentiate, albeit the exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, foreign pigs showed increased miR-149-5p expression and reduced fat deposition when compared to Queshan Black pigs. This study conducted metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of porcine IM preadipocytes overexpressing miR-149-5p to verify their effects on lipid formation. According to metabolomics analysis, the overexpression of miR-149-5p has significantly altered the lipid, organic acid, and organic oxygen metabolites of porcine IM preadipocytes. Specially speaking, it has changed 115 metabolites, including 105 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated ones, as well as the composition of lipid, organic acid, and organic oxygen metabolism-related metabolites. RNA-seq analysis showed that overexpression of miR-149-5p significantly altered 857 genes, of which 442 were up-regulated, and 415 were down-regulated, with enrichment to MAPK, IL-17, PI3K-Akt, and ErbB signaling pathways. We found that overexpression of miR-149-5p inhibited adipogenic differentiation by changing cAMP signaling pathway in porcine IM preadipocytes. In addition, the overexpression of miR-149-5p may affect the transport of Cu2+ by targeting ATP7A and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. These findings elucidate the regulatory function of miR-149-5p in porcine IM preadipocytes, which may be a key target for controlling pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yaqing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenlei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenglei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kunlong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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3
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Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue microRNA expression in response to exercise training in obese African women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18408. [PMID: 36319747 PMCID: PMC9626597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie exercise-induced adaptations in adipose tissue have not been elucidated, yet, accumulating studies suggest an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to investigate miRNA expression in gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GSAT) in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in South African women with obesity, and to assess depot-specific differences in miRNA expression in GSAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). In addition, the association between exercise-induced changes in miRNA expression and metabolic risk was evaluated. Women underwent 12-weeks of supervised aerobic and resistance training (n = 19) or maintained their regular physical activity during this period (n = 12). Exercise-induced miRNAs were identified in GSAT using Illumina sequencing, followed by analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in GSAT and ASAT using quantitative real-time PCR. Associations between the changes (pre- and post-exercise training) in miRNA expression and metabolic parameters were evaluated using Spearman's correlation tests. Exercise training significantly increased the expression of miR-155-5p (1.5-fold, p = 0.045), miR-329-3p (2.1-fold, p < 0.001) and miR-377-3p (1.7-fold, p = 0.013) in GSAT, but not in ASAT. In addition, a novel miRNA, MYN0617, was identified in GSAT, with low expression in ASAT. The exercise-induced differences in miRNA expression were correlated with each other and associated with changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Exercise training induced adipose-depot specific miRNA expression within subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from South African women with obesity. The significance of the association between exercise-induced miRNAs and metabolic risk warrants further investigation.
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4
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Pheiffer C, Willmer T, Dias S, Abrahams Y, Louw J, Goedecke JH. Ethnic and Adipose Depot Specific Associations Between DNA Methylation and Metabolic Risk. Front Genet 2020; 11:967. [PMID: 33133129 PMCID: PMC7550664 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic risk varies according to body mass index (BMI), body fat distribution and ethnicity. In recent years, epigenetics, which reflect gene-environment interactions have attracted considerable interest as mechanisms that may mediate differences in metabolic risk. The aim of this study was to investigate DNA methylation differences in abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissues of normal-weight and obese black and white South African women. Methods Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computerized tomography, and insulin sensitivity was measured using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in 54 normal-weight (BMI 18–25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women. Global and insulin receptor (INSR) DNA methylation was quantified in abdominal (ASAT) and gluteal (GSAT) subcutaneous adipose depots, using the Imprint methylation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pyrosequencing. INSR gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Results Global DNA methylation in GSAT varied according to BMI and ethnicity, with higher levels observed in normal-weight white compared to normal-weight black (p = 0.030) and obese white (p = 0.012) women. Pyrosequencing of 14 CpG sites within the INSR promoter also showed BMI, adipose depot and ethnic differences, although inter-individual variability prevented attainment of statistical significance. Both global and INSR methylation were correlated with body fat distribution, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, which were dependent on ethnicity and the adipose depot. Adipose depot and ethnic differences in INSR gene expression were observed. Conclusion We show small, but significant global and INSR promoter DNA methylation differences in GSAT and ASAT of normal-weight and obese black and white South African women. DNA methylation in ASAT was associated with centralization of body fat in white women, whereas in black women DNA methylation in GSAT was associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Our findings suggest that GSAT rather than ASAT may be a determinant of metabolic risk in black women and provide novel evidence that altered DNA methylation within adipose depots may contribute to ethnic differences in body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yoonus Abrahams
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Rotival M, Siddle KJ, Silvert M, Pothlichet J, Quach H, Quintana-Murci L. Population variation in miRNAs and isomiRs and their impact on human immunity to infection. Genome Biol 2020; 21:187. [PMID: 32731901 PMCID: PMC7391576 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of the immune system, yet their variation and contribution to intra- and inter-population differences in immune responses is poorly characterized. RESULTS We generate 977 miRNA-sequencing profiles from primary monocytes from individuals of African and European ancestry following activation of three TLR pathways (TLR4, TLR1/2, and TLR7/8) or infection with influenza A virus. We find that immune activation leads to important modifications in the miRNA and isomiR repertoire, particularly in response to viral challenges. These changes are much weaker than those observed for protein-coding genes, suggesting stronger selective constraints on the miRNA response to stimulation. This is supported by the limited genetic control of miRNA expression variability (miR-QTLs) and the lower occurrence of gene-environment interactions, in stark contrast with eQTLs that are largely context-dependent. We also detect marked differences in miRNA expression between populations, which are mostly driven by non-genetic factors. On average, miR-QTLs explain approximately 60% of population differences in expression of their cognate miRNAs and, in some cases, evolve adaptively, as shown in Europeans for a miRNA-rich cluster on chromosome 14. Finally, integrating miRNA and mRNA data from the same individuals, we provide evidence that the canonical model of miRNA-driven transcript degradation has a minor impact on miRNA-mRNA correlations, which are, in our setting, mainly driven by co-transcription. CONCLUSION Together, our results shed new light onto the factors driving miRNA and isomiR diversity at the population level and constitute a useful resource for evaluating their role in host differences of immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rotival
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Katherine J. Siddle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Martin Silvert
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, École Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Pothlichet
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
- Present Address: DIACCURATE, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Quach
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
- Present Address: UMR7206, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, 75015 Paris, France
- Chair Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Raajendiran A, Ooi G, Bayliss J, O'Brien PE, Schittenhelm RB, Clark AK, Taylor RA, Rodeheffer MS, Burton PR, Watt MJ. Identification of Metabolically Distinct Adipocyte Progenitor Cells in Human Adipose Tissues. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1528-1540.e7. [PMID: 31042478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) provide the reservoir of regenerative cells to produce new adipocytes, although their identity in humans remains elusive. Using FACS analysis, gene expression profiling, and metabolic and proteomic analyses, we identified three APC subtypes in human white adipose tissues. The APC subtypes are molecularly distinct but possess similar proliferative and adipogenic capacities. Adipocytes derived from APCs with high CD34 expression exhibit exceedingly high rates of lipid flux compared with APCs with low or no CD34 expression, while adipocytes produced from CD34- APCs display beige-like adipocyte properties and a unique endocrine profile. APCs were more abundant in gluteofemoral compared with abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues, and the distribution of APC subtypes varies between depots and in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the heterogeneity of human white adipose tissue and a potential basis for dysregulated adipocyte function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthe Raajendiran
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Geraldine Ooi
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jackie Bayliss
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul E O'Brien
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wellington Road, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine; and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul R Burton
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Macartney-Coxson D, Danielson K, Clapham J, Benton MC, Johnston A, Jones A, Shaw O, Hagan RD, Hoffman EP, Hayes M, Harper J, Langston MA, Stubbs RS. MicroRNA Profiling in Adipose Before and After Weight Loss Highlights the Role of miR-223-3p and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:570-580. [PMID: 32090515 PMCID: PMC7046053 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue plays a key role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. MicroRNA (miRNA) are gene regulatory molecules involved in intercellular and inter-organ communication. It was hypothesized that miRNA levels in adipose tissue would change after gastric bypass surgery and that this would provide insights into their role in obesity-induced metabolic dysregulation. METHODS miRNA profiling (Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 2.0 Array) of omental and subcutaneous adipose (n = 15 females) before and after gastric bypass surgery was performed. RESULTS One omental and thirteen subcutaneous adipose miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed after gastric bypass, including downregulation of miR-223-3p and its antisense relative miR-223-5p in both adipose tissues. mRNA levels of miR-223-3p targets NLRP3 and GLUT4 were decreased and increased, respectively, following gastric bypass in both adipose tissues. Significantly more NLRP3 protein was observed in omental adipose after gastric bypass (P = 0.02). Significant hypomethlyation of NLRP3 and hypermethylation of miR-223 were observed in both adipose tissues after gastric bypass. In subcutaneous adipose, significant correlations were observed between both miR-223-3p and miR-223-5p and glucose and between NLRP3 mRNA and protein levels and blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report detailing genome-wide miRNA profiling of omental adipose before and after gastric bypass, and it further highlights the association of miR-223-3p and the NLRP3 inflammasome with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Macartney-Coxson
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
- corresponding author. Contact Info:
Donia Macartney-Coxson, Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, 5022, New Zealand. Telephone: +64 4 917 5931, Fax:
+64 4 914 0770,
| | - Kirsty Danielson
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago
Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jane Clapham
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Miles C Benton
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alice Johnston
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Angela Jones
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and
Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Odette Shaw
- Arthritis and Inflammation Group, The Malaghan Institute of
Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ronald D Hagan
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY,
USA
| | - Mark Hayes
- The Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Wellington, New
Zealand
| | - Jacquie Harper
- Arthritis and Inflammation Group, The Malaghan Institute of
Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Langston
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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Civelek M, Erdmann J. MicroRNAs and regulation of cardiometabolic phenotypes: novel insights into the complexity of genome-wide association studies loci. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1570-1571. [PMID: 31086972 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Public Health Genomics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University Heart Center Luebeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Hilton C, Neville MJ, Wittemans LBL, Todorcevic M, Pinnick KE, Pulit SL, Luan J, Kulyté A, Dahlman I, Wareham NJ, Lotta LA, Arner P, Lindgren CM, Langenberg C, Karpe F. MicroRNA-196a links human body fat distribution to adipose tissue extracellular matrix composition. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:467-475. [PMID: 31151930 PMCID: PMC6607082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal fat mass is associated with metabolic risk whilst gluteal femoral fat is paradoxically protective. MicroRNAs are known to be necessary for adipose tissue formation and function but their role in regulating human fat distribution remains largely unexplored. METHODS An initial microarray screen of abdominal subcutaneous and gluteal adipose tissue, with validatory qPCR, identified microRNA-196a as being strongly differentially expressed between gluteal and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. FINDINGS We found that rs11614913, a SNP within pre-miR-196a-2 at the HOXC locus, is an eQTL for miR-196a expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). Observations in large cohorts showed that rs11614913 increased waist-to-hip ratio, which was driven specifically by an expansion in ASAT. In further experiments, rs11614913 was associated with adipocyte size. Functional studies and transcriptomic profiling of miR-196a knock-down pre-adipocytes revealed a role for miR-196a in regulating pre-adipocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix pathways. INTERPRETATION These data identify a role for miR-196a in regulating human body fat distribution. FUND: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation (G1001959) and Swedish Research Council. We acknowledge the OBB-NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (RG/17/1/32663). Work performed at the MRC Epidemiology Unit was funded by the United Kingdom's Medical Research Council through grants MC_UU_12015/1, MC_PC_13046, MC_PC_13048 and MR/L00002/1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marijana Todorcevic
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jian'an Luan
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital - Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital - Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luca A Lotta
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital - Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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10
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Maurizi G, Babini L, Della Guardia L. Potential role of microRNAs in the regulation of adipocytes liposecretion and adipose tissue physiology. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9077-9086. [PMID: 29932216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ playing a pivotal role in metabolism modulation. Adipocytes differentiation requires a highly orchestrated series of changes of gene expression in precursor cells. At the same time, white mature adipocytes are plastic cells able to reversibly transdifferentiate toward fibroblast-like cells via the liposecretion process, returning back to a non-committed status of the cells. In particular, adipose tissue microenvironment along with external signaling molecules such as adipokines, cytokines and growth factors can regulate adipocytes physiology through complex molecular networks. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA, acting as fine regulators of biological processes and their expression is sensible to the environment and cellular status changes. MiRNAs are thought to play a pivotal role in regulating the physiology of adipose tissue as well as in the development of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, although the underlying mechanisms have not been identified so far. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms orchestrating adipose tissue biology is required to better characterize obesity and its associated diseases. In this respect, the review aims to analyze the microRNAs potentially involved in adipogenesis highlighting their role in the process of liposecretion, adipocyte proliferation, and adipokines secretion. The role of microRNAs in the development of obesity and obesity-associated disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Babini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucio Della Guardia
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Sperimentale e Forense, Unità di Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Obesity, which has become a major global epidemic, is associated with numerous comorbidities and nearly every chronic condition. Mitochondria play a central role in this disorder, as they control cell metabolism, regulating important processes, such as ATP production, lipid β-oxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to regulate many biological processes associated with obesity, comprising adipocyte differentiation, insulin action, and fat metabolism. In addition, recent studies have confirmed that miRs are important regulators of mitochondrial function by either directly modulating mitochondrial proteins or targeting mitochondrial regulators, thereby modulating metabolic process in the context of obesity. In this review, we describe the different roles of mitochondria in obesity, specifically in adipose tissue, and those miRs that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Murri
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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12
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Divoux A, Xie H, Li JL, Karastergiou K, Perera RJ, Chang RJ, Fried SK, Smith SR. MicroRNA-196 Regulates HOX Gene Expression in Human Gluteal Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25. [PMID: 28649807 PMCID: PMC5551414 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower body fat is associated with diminishing cardiometabolic risk. Physiological differences between gluteofemoral and abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte functions are known, but the molecular basis for depot differences in adipocyte function is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify depot differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression in human abdominal and gluteofemoral subcutaneous adipose tissues and their implication in gene regulation. METHODS Abdominal and gluteofemoral adipose tissue aspirates obtained from 18 participants (9 male and 9 female, age 30 ± 1.5 y, BMI 27.3 ± 1.23 kg/m2 ) were analyzed for miRNA expression profiles by next-generation DNA sequencing. The raw reads were mapped to miRBase 17, and differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The hsa-mimic-miR196a was transfected into cultured abdominal preadipocytes isolated from five women with obesity. Target gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Among the 640 miRNAs detected in adipose tissue, miR196a2, miR196a1, miR196b, and miR204 showed a higher expression in the gluteofemoral depot (fold change = 2.7, 2.3, 1.7, and 2.3, respectively) independent of sex. Bioinformatic analyses and human primary preadipocyte transfection with miR196 suggested that the differentially expressed miRNAs could directly or indirectly modulate homeobox (HOX) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The miR196 gene family could play an important role in the regulation of HOX gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and in fat distribution variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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13
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Nicholson G, Holmes C. A note on statistical repeatability and study design for high-throughput assays. Stat Med 2017; 36:790-798. [PMID: 27882571 PMCID: PMC5299465 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the technical precision of measurements is a necessary stage in the planning of experiments and in the formal sample size calculation for optimal design. Instruments that measure multiple analytes simultaneously, such as in high-throughput assays arising in biomedical research, pose particular challenges from a statistical perspective. The current most popular method for assessing precision of high-throughput assays is by scatterplotting data from technical replicates. Here, we question the statistical rationale of this approach from both an empirical and theoretical perspective, illustrating our discussion using four example data sets from different genomic platforms. We demonstrate that such scatterplots convey little statistical information of relevance and are potentially highly misleading. We present an alternative framework for assessing the precision of high-throughput assays and planning biomedical experiments. Our methods are based on repeatability-a long-established statistical quantity also known as the intraclass correlation coefficient. We provide guidance and software for estimation and visualization of repeatability of high-throughput assays, and for its incorporation into study design. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nicholson
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Oxford24‐29 St GilesOxfordOX1 3LBU.K.
| | - Chris Holmes
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Oxford24‐29 St GilesOxfordOX1 3LBU.K.
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14
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Pulit SL, Karaderi T, Lindgren CM. Sexual dimorphisms in genetic loci linked to body fat distribution. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160184. [PMID: 28073971 PMCID: PMC5291139 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for a number of other diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity confers an enormous, costly burden on both individuals and public health more broadly. Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes. Body fat distribution is distinct from overall obesity in measurement, but studies of body fat distribution can yield insights into the risk factors for and causes of overall obesity. Sexual dimorphism in body fat distribution is present throughout life. Though sexual dimorphism is subtle in early stages of life, it is attenuated in puberty and during menopause. This phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to the influence of sex hormones on the trait. Findings from recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for various measures of body fat distribution (including waist-to-hip ratio, hip or waist circumference, trunk fat percentage and the ratio of android and gynoid fat percentage) emphasize the strong sexual dimorphism in the genetic regulation of fat distribution traits. Importantly, sexual dimorphism is not observed for overall obesity (as assessed by body mass index or total fat percentage). Notably, the genetic loci associated with body fat distribution, which show sexual dimorphism, are located near genes that are expressed in adipose tissues and/or adipose cells. Considering the epidemiological and genetic evidence, sexual dimorphism is a prominent feature of body fat distribution. Research that specifically focuses on sexual dimorphism in fat distribution can provide novel insights into human physiology and into the development of obesity and its comorbidities, as well as yield biological clues that will aid in the improvement of disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Pulit
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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15
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Cellular Mechanisms Driving Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Biology and Body Shape in Humans and Mouse Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:29-51. [PMID: 29224089 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution and the metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions of different anatomical fat depots have been described, but they are incompletely documented in the literature. It is becoming increasingly clear that adipose depots serve distinct functions in males and females and have specific physiological roles. However, the mechanisms that regulate the size and function of specific adipose tissues in men and women remain poorly understood. New insights from mouse models have advanced our understanding of depot differences in adipose growth and remodeling via the proliferation and differentiation of adipose progenitors that can expand adipocyte number in the tissue or simply replace dysfunctional older and larger adipocytes. A limited ability of a depot to expand or remodel can lead to excessive adipocyte hypertrophy, which is often correlated with metabolic dysfunction. However, the relationship of adipocyte size and function varies by depot and sex. For example, femoral adipose tissues of premenopausal women appear to have a greater capacity for adipose expansion via hyperplasia and hypertrophy; although larger, these gluteal-femoral adipocytes remain insulin sensitive. The microenvironment of specific depots, including the composition of the extracellular matrix and cellular composition, as well as cell-autonomous genetic differences, influences sex- and depot-dependent metabolic and growth properties. Although there are some species differences, studies of the molecular and physiological determinants of sex differences in adipocyte growth and function in humans and rodents are both needed for understanding sex differences in health and disease.
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16
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Joshi AD, Andersson C, Buch S, Stender S, Noordam R, Weng LC, Weeke PE, Auer PL, Boehm B, Chen C, Choi H, Curhan G, Denny JC, De Vivo I, Eicher JD, Ellinghaus D, Folsom AR, Fuchs C, Gala M, Haessler J, Hofman A, Hu F, Hunter DJ, Janssen HL, Kang JH, Kooperberg C, Kraft P, Kratzer W, Lieb W, Lutsey PL, Murad SD, Nordestgaard BG, Pasquale LR, Reiner AP, Ridker PM, Rimm E, Rose LM, Shaffer CM, Schafmayer C, Tamimi RM, Uitterlinden AG, Völker U, Völzke H, Wakabayashi Y, Wiggs JL, Zhu J, Roden DM, Stricker BH, Tang W, Teumer A, Hampe J, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Chasman DI, Chan AT, Johnson AD. Four Susceptibility Loci for Gallstone Disease Identified in a Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:351-363.e28. [PMID: 27094239 PMCID: PMC4959966 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 280 cases identified the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 as a locus associated with risk for gallstone disease, but findings have not been reported from any other GWAS of this phenotype. We performed a large-scale, meta-analysis of GWASs of individuals of European ancestry with available prior genotype data, to identify additional genetic risk factors for gallstone disease. METHODS We obtained per-allele odds ratio (OR) and standard error estimates using age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models within each of the 10 discovery studies (8720 cases and 55,152 controls). We performed an inverse variance weighted, fixed-effects meta-analysis of study-specific estimates to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated independently with gallstone disease. Associations were replicated in 6489 cases and 62,797 controls. RESULTS We observed independent associations for 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ABCG8 locus: rs11887534 (OR, 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.86; P = 2.44 × 10(-60)) and rs4245791 (OR, 1.27; P = 1.90 × 10(-34)). We also identified and/or replicated associations for rs9843304 in TM4SF4 (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16; P = 6.09 × 10(-11)), rs2547231 in SULT2A1 (encodes a sulfoconjugation enzyme that acts on hydroxysteroids and cholesterol-derived sterol bile acids) (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12-1.21; P = 2.24 × 10(-10)), rs1260326 in glucokinase regulatory protein (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17; P = 2.55 × 10(-10)), and rs6471717 near CYP7A1 (encodes an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of cholesterol to primary bile acids) (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08-1.15; P = 8.84 × 10(-9)). Among individuals of African American and Hispanic American ancestry, rs11887534 and rs4245791 were associated positively with gallstone disease risk, whereas the association for the rs1260326 variant was inverse. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale GWAS of gallstone disease, we identified 4 loci in genes that have putative functions in cholesterol metabolism and transport, and sulfonylation of bile acids or hydroxysteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D. Joshi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Amit D. Joshi, MBBS, PhD, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel: +1 617 724 7558; Charlotte Andersson, MD, PhD, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA. , Andrew T. Chan, MD, MPH, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, GRJ-825C, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel:+1 617 724 0283; Fax: +1 617 726 3673; , Andrew D. Johnson, PhD, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. Tel: +1 508 663 4082; Fax: +1 508 626 1262;
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN
| | - Peter E. Weeke
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bernhard Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hyon Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gary Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - John D. Eicher
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN
| | - Charles Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manish Gala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Harry L.A. Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts Universität Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN
| | - Sarwa Darwish Murad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study and,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Abdominal, Thoracic and Transplantation Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald,German Center for Diabetes Research, Site Greifswald
| | - Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, DNA Sequencing Core Laboratory, Bethesda, MD
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Zhu
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, DNA Sequencing Core Laboratory, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden Germany
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Denmark
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Amit D. Joshi, MBBS, PhD, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel: +1 617 724 7558; Charlotte Andersson, MD, PhD, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA. , Andrew T. Chan, MD, MPH, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, GRJ-825C, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel:+1 617 724 0283; Fax: +1 617 726 3673; , Andrew D. Johnson, PhD, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. Tel: +1 508 663 4082; Fax: +1 508 626 1262;
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA,Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Amit D. Joshi, MBBS, PhD, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel: +1 617 724 7558; Charlotte Andersson, MD, PhD, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA. , Andrew T. Chan, MD, MPH, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, GRJ-825C, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. Tel:+1 617 724 0283; Fax: +1 617 726 3673; , Andrew D. Johnson, PhD, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. Tel: +1 508 663 4082; Fax: +1 508 626 1262;
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17
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and, therefore, biological processes in different tissues. A major function of miRNAs in adipose tissue is to stimulate or inhibit the differentiation of adipocytes, and to regulate specific metabolic and endocrine functions. Numerous miRNAs are present in human adipose tissue; however, the expression of only a few is altered in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus or are differentially expressed in various adipose depots. In humans, obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that is regulated by signal transduction networks, in which miRNAs, either directly or indirectly (through regulatory elements such as transcription factors), influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory proteins. In addition to their diverse effects on signalling, miRNAs and transcription factors can interact to amplify the inflammatory effect. Although additional miRNA signal networks in human adipose tissue are not yet known, similar regulatory circuits have been described in brown adipose tissue in mice. miRNAs can also be secreted from fat cells into the circulation and serve as markers of disturbed adipose tissue function. Given their role in regulating transcriptional networks, miRNAs in adipose tissue might offer tangible targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Hilton C, Karpe F, Pinnick KE. Role of developmental transcription factors in white, brown and beige adipose tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:686-96. [PMID: 25668679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of developmental transcription factors in adipose tissue biology with a focus on how these developmental genes may contribute to regional variation in adipose tissue distribution and function. Regional, depot-specific, differences in lipid handling and signalling (lipolysis, lipid storage and adipokine/lipokine signalling) are important determinants of metabolic health. At a cellular level, preadipocytes removed from their original depot and cultured in vitro retain depot-specific functional properties, implying that these are intrinsic to the cells and not a function of their environment in situ. High throughput screening has identified a number of developmental transcription factors involved in embryological development, including members of the Homeobox and T-Box gene families, that are strongly differentially expressed between regional white adipose tissue depots and also between brown and white adipose tissue. However, the significance of depot-specific developmental signatures remains unclear. Developmental transcription factors determine body patterning during embryogenesis. The divergent developmental origins of regional adipose tissue depots may explain their differing functional characteristics. There is evidence from human genetics that developmental genes determine adipose tissue distribution: in GWAS studies a number of developmental genes have been identified as being correlated with anthropometric measures of adiposity and fat distribution. Additionally, compelling functional studies have recently implicated developmental genes in both white adipogenesis and the so-called 'browning' of white adipose tissue. Understanding the genetic and developmental pathways in adipose tissue may help uncover novel ways to intervene with the function of adipose tissue in order to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Abstract
The distribution of adipose tissue in the body has wide-ranging and reproducible associations with health and disease. Accumulation of adipose tissue in the upper body (abdominal obesity) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even all-cause mortality. Conversely, accumulation of fat in the lower body (gluteofemoral obesity) shows opposite associations with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus when adjusted for overall fat mass. The abdominal depots are characterized by rapid uptake of predominantly diet-derived fat and a high lipid turnover that is easily stimulated by adrenergic receptor activation. The lower-body fat stores have a reduced lipid turnover with a capacity to accommodate fat undergoing redistribution. Lower-body adipose tissue also seems to retain the capacity to recruit additional adipocytes as a result of weight gain and demonstrates fewer signs of inflammatory insult. New data suggest that the profound functional differences between the upper-body and lower-body tissues are controlled by site-specific sets of developmental genes, such as HOXA6, HOXA5, HOXA3, IRX2 and TBX5 in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and HOTAIR, SHOX2 and HOXC11 in gluteofemoral adipose tissue, which are under epigenetic control. This Review discusses the developmental and functional differences between upper-body and lower-body fat depots and provides mechanistic insight into the disease-protective effects of lower-body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Karpe
- 1] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK. [2] NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington OX3 7LE, UK
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20
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Ishida M, Shimabukuro M, Yagi S, Nishimoto S, Kozuka C, Fukuda D, Soeki T, Masuzaki H, Tsutsui M, Sata M. MicroRNA-378 regulates adiponectin expression in adipose tissue: a new plausible mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111537. [PMID: 25379946 PMCID: PMC4224402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mechanisms regulating adiponectin expression have not been fully clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are involved in biological processes, including obesity and insulin resistance. We evaluated whether the miRNA-378 pathway is involved in regulating adiponectin expression. Methods and Results First, we determined a putative target site for miRNA-378 in the 3 prime untranslated region (3'UTR) of the adiponectin gene by in silico analysis. The levels of adiponectin mRNA and protein were decreased in 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing the mimic of miRNA-378. Luminescence activity in HEK293T cells expressing a renilla-luciferase-adiponectin-3'UTR sequence was inhibited by overexpressing the mimic of miRNA-378, and the decrease was reversed by adding the inhibitor of miRNA-378. Moreover, we confirmed the inhibitory effects of the mimic were cancelled in a deleted mutant of the miR-378 3′-UTR binding site. Addition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) led a upregulation of miR-378 and downregulation of adiponectin at mRNA and protein levels in 3T3-L1 cells. Level of miR-378 was higher and mRNA level of adiponectin was lower in diabetic ob/ob mice than those of normal C57BL/6 mice and levels of miR378 and adiponectin were negatively well correlated (r = −0.624, p = 0.004). Conclusions We found that levels of miRNA-378 could modulate adiponectin expression via the 3'UTR sequence-binding site. Our findings warrant further investigations into the role of miRNAs in regulating the adiponectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishimoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology and Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology and Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
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21
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Postmus I, Trompet S, Deshmukh HA, Barnes MR, Li X, Warren HR, Chasman DI, Zhou K, Arsenault BJ, Donnelly LA, Wiggins KL, Avery CL, Griffin P, Feng Q, Taylor KD, Li G, Evans DS, Smith AV, de Keyser CE, Johnson AD, de Craen AJM, Stott DJ, Buckley BM, Ford I, Westendorp RGJ, Eline Slagboom P, Sattar N, Munroe PB, Sever P, Poulter N, Stanton A, Shields DC, O’Brien E, Shaw-Hawkins S, Ida Chen YD, Nickerson DA, Smith JD, Pierre Dubé M, Matthijs Boekholdt S, Kees Hovingh G, Kastelein JJP, McKeigue PM, Betteridge J, Neil A, Durrington PN, Doney A, Carr F, Morris A, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Bis JC, Rice K, Smith NL, Lumley T, Whitsel EA, Stürmer T, Boerwinkle E, Ngwa JS, O’Donnell CJ, Vasan RS, Wei WQ, Wilke RA, Liu CT, Sun F, Guo X, Heckbert SR, Post W, Sotoodehnia N, Arnold AM, Stafford JM, Ding J, Herrington DM, Kritchevsky SB, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Harris TB, Chu AY, Giulianini F, MacFadyen JG, Barratt BJ, Nyberg F, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Emilsson V, Franco OH, Ridker PM, Gudnason V, Liu Y, Denny JC, Ballantyne CM, Rotter JI, Adrienne Cupples L, Psaty BM, Palmer CNA, Tardif JC, Colhoun HM, Hitman G, Krauss RM, Wouter Jukema J, Caulfield MJ. Pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of LDL cholesterol response to statins. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5068. [PMID: 25350695 PMCID: PMC4220464 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels in large studies and the observed interindividual response variability may be partially explained by genetic variation. Here we perform a pharmacogenetic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in studies addressing the LDL cholesterol response to statins, including up to 18,596 statin-treated subjects. We validate the most promising signals in a further 22,318 statin recipients and identify two loci, SORT1/CELSR2/PSRC1 and SLCO1B1, not previously identified in GWAS. Moreover, we confirm the previously described associations with APOE and LPA. Our findings advance the understanding of the pharmacogenetic architecture of statin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Harshal A. Deshmukh
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael R. Barnes
- Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Helen R. Warren
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Benoit J. Arsenault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise A. Donnelly
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Paula Griffin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Catherine E. de Keyser
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Care Inspectorate, 2595 AN The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- Framingham Heart Study (FHS) of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Stott
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Brendan M. Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork 30, Ireland
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Leyden Academy of Vitality and Ageing, 2333 AA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alice Stanton
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Denis C. Shields
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin O’Brien
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sue Shaw-Hawkins
- Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Y.-D. Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Joshua D. Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Marie Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada
| | - S. Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J. P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Paul N. Durrington
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alex Doney
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fiona Carr
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andrew Morris
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmo 205 02, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmo 205 02, Sweden
| | | | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 98115 Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Statistic, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Til Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Julius S. Ngwa
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Russell A. Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for IMAGENETICS, Sanford Healthcare, Fargo, North Dakota, 58104 USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Fangui Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Wendy Post
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98101, Washington, USA
| | - Alice M. Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 98115 Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeanette M. Stafford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - David M. Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | | | - Leonore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204, USA
| | - Jean G. MacFadyen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204, USA
| | - Bryan J. Barratt
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, 481 83 Mölndal, Sweden
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Care Inspectorate, 2595 AN The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1204, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | | | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 98101 Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H1T 1C8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen M. Colhoun
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Public Health, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Graham Hitman
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, 3511 GC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
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22
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Rahmioglu N, Macgregor S, Drong AW, Hedman ÅK, Harris HR, Randall JC, Prokopenko I, Nyholt DR, Morris AP, Montgomery GW, Missmer SA, Lindgren CM, Zondervan KT. Genome-wide enrichment analysis between endometriosis and obesity-related traits reveals novel susceptibility loci. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1185-99. [PMID: 25296917 PMCID: PMC4576730 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition in women that results in pelvic
pain and subfertility, and has been associated with decreased body mass index (BMI).
Genetic variants contributing to the heritable component have started to emerge from
genome-wide association studies (GWAS), although the majority remain unknown.
Unexpectedly, we observed an intergenic locus on 7p15.2 that was genome-wide
significantly associated with both endometriosis and fat distribution (waist-to-hip
ratio adjusted for BMI; WHRadjBMI) in an independent meta-GWAS of European ancestry
individuals. This led us to investigate the potential overlap in genetic variants
underlying the aetiology of endometriosis, WHRadjBMI and BMI using GWAS data. Our
analyses demonstrated significant enrichment of common variants between fat
distribution and endometriosis (P = 3.7 ×
10−3), which was stronger when we restricted the investigation
to more severe (Stage B) cases (P = 4.5 ×
10−4). However, no genetic enrichment was observed between
endometriosis and BMI (P = 0.79). In addition to 7p15.2, we
identify four more variants with statistically significant evidence of involvement in
both endometriosis and WHRadjBMI (in/near KIFAP3,
CAB39L, WNT4, GRB14); two of
these, KIFAP3 and CAB39L, are novel associations
for both traits. KIFAP3, WNT4 and 7p15.2 are
associated with the WNT signalling pathway; formal pathway analysis
confirmed a statistically significant (P = 6.41 ×
10−4) overrepresentation of shared associations in developmental
processes/WNT signalling between the two traits. Our results
demonstrate an example of potential biological pleiotropy that was hitherto unknown,
and represent an opportunity for functional follow-up of loci and further
cross-phenotype comparisons to assess how fat distribution and endometriosis
pathogenesis research fields can inform each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Alexander W Drong
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holly R Harris
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua C Randall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge 02142 MA, USA and
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Perry JRB, Day F, Elks CE, Sulem P, Thompson DJ, Ferreira T, He C, Chasman DI, Esko T, Thorleifsson G, Albrecht E, Ang WQ, Corre T, Cousminer DL, Feenstra B, Franceschini N, Ganna A, Johnson AD, Kjellqvist S, Lunetta KL, McMahon G, Nolte IM, Paternoster L, Porcu E, Smith AV, Stolk L, Teumer A, Tšernikova N, Tikkanen E, Ulivi S, Wagner EK, Amin N, Bierut LJ, Byrne EM, Hottenga JJ, Koller DL, Mangino M, Pers TH, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zhao JH, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Atsma F, Bandinelli S, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Brauch H, Brenner H, Buring JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock S, Chen J, Chenevix-Trench G, Collée JM, Couch FJ, Couper D, Coveillo AD, Cox A, Czene K, D’adamo AP, Smith GD, De Vivo I, Demerath EW, Dennis J, Devilee P, Dieffenbach AK, Dunning AM, Eiriksdottir G, Eriksson JG, Fasching PA, Ferrucci L, Flesch-Janys D, Flyger H, Foroud T, Franke L, Garcia ME, García-Closas M, Geller F, de Geus EEJ, Giles GG, Gudbjartsson DF, Gudnason V, Guénel P, Guo S, Hall P, Hamann U, Haring R, Hartman CA, Heath AC, Hofman A, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Hu FB, Hunter DJ, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Knight JA, Kosma VM, Kutalik Z, Lai S, Lambrechts D, Lindblom A, Mägi R, Magnusson PK, Mannermaa A, Martin NG, Masson G, McArdle PF, McArdle WL, Melbye M, Michailidou K, Mihailov E, Milani L, Milne RL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nohr EA, Oldehinkel AJ, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Peacock M, Pedersen NL, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Postma DS, Pouta A, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Ring S, Rivadeneira F, Robino A, Rose LM, Rudolph A, Salomaa V, Sanna S, Schlessinger D, Schmidt MK, Southey MC, Sovio U, Stampfer MJ, Stöckl D, Storniolo AM, Timpson NJ, Tyrer J, Visser JA, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Waeber G, Waldenberger M, Wallaschofski H, Wang Q, Willemsen G, Winqvist R, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wright MJ, Boomsma DI, Econs MJ, Khaw KT, Loos RJF, McCarthy MI, Montgomery GW, Rice JP, Streeten EA, Thorsteinsdottir U, van Duijn CM, Alizadeh BZ, Bergmann S, Boerwinkle E, Boyd HA, Crisponi L, Gasparini P, Gieger C, Harris TB, Ingelsson E, Järvelin MR, Kraft P, Lawlor D, Metspalu A, Pennell CE, Ridker PM, Snieder H, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Strachan DP, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Widen E, Zygmunt M, Murray A, Easton DF, Stefansson K, Murabito JM, Ong KK. Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche. Nature 2014; 514:92-97. [PMID: 25231870 PMCID: PMC4185210 DOI: 10.1038/nature13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John RB Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK EX1 2LU
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Felix Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cathy E Elks
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 140 Cambridge 02142, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wei Q Ang
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Sanela Kjellqvist
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics. Boston, MA
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eleonora Porcu
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Dept. Of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Natalia Tšernikova
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Italy
| | - Erin K Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St.Lucia, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tune H Pers
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 140 Cambridge 02142, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, US
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical 142 University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition - University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Tuscany Regional Health Agency, Florence, Italy, I.O.T. and Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart
- University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurological Surgery, Indiana University school of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University school of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrea D Coveillo
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Endocrinology, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Adamo Pio D’adamo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Surgical and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aida K Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- National Insitute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 20892, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eco EJ de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 Bt, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Haring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University, Department of Psychiatry, St.Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 140 Cambridge 02142, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lai
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Patrick F McArdle
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition - University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- KULeuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern denmark, DK
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul DP Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneli Pouta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital/NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, the Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Surgical and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Serena Sanna
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mellissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians- University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Storniolo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital/NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bruce HR Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Insitute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart
- University of Tübingen, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - kConFab
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ruth JF Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1003, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX37LJ Oxford, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Queensland Insitute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Rice
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition - University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA. Baltimore, MD 21201
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC) - Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA. Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Div. of Epidemiology, University of Houston, TX
| | - Heather A Boyd
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Surgical and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Insitute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, Box 310, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debbie Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorkild IA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Murray
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK EX1 2LU
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
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Gaffo E, Zambonelli P, Bisognin A, Bortoluzzi S, Davoli R. miRNome of Italian Large White pig subcutaneous fat tissue: new miRNAs, isomiRs and moRNAs. Anim Genet 2014; 45:685-98. [PMID: 25039998 DOI: 10.1111/age.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs, such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs), are decisive regulators of gene expression, and they could determine adipose tissue traits. A better knowledge of porcine fat genomics is relevant given that the pig is a biomedical model for metabolic and cardiovascular human pathologies. Adipose tissue is particularly important for the meat industry. We explored the miRNome of two adult Italian Large White pig backfat samples by Illumina RNA-Seq. Using custom bioinformatic methods, the expressed miRNAs were identified and quantified and the nucleotide sequence variability of miRNA isoforms were analysed. We detected 222 known miRNAs, 68 new miRNAs and 17 miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs) expressed from known hairpins, and 312 new miRNAs expressed from 253 new hairpins. Porcine transcripts targeted by the most expressed miRNAs were predicted, showing that these miRNAs may have an impact on Wnt, insulin signalling and axon guidance pathways. The expression of five small RNAs, including moRNA ssc-5'-moR-21 and a miRNA from a new hairpin, was validated by a qRT-PCR assay, thus confirming the robustness of our results. The depicted miRNome complexity suggests that quantitative and qualitative features of miRNAs and non-canonical products of their precursors are worthy of further investigation to clarify their roles in the adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gaffo
- Department of Agricultural and-Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Via Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
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25
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Ganesh S, Chasman D, Larson M, Guo X, Verwoert G, Bis J, Gu X, Smith A, Yang ML, Zhang Y, Ehret G, Rose L, Hwang SJ, Papanicolau G, Sijbrands E, Rice K, Eiriksdottir G, Pihur V, Ridker P, Vasan R, Newton-Cheh C, Raffel LJ, Amin N, Rotter JI, Liu K, Launer LJ, Xu M, Caulfield M, Morrison AC, Johnson AD, Vaidya D, Dehghan A, Li G, Bouchard C, Harris TB, Zhang H, Boerwinkle E, Siscovick DS, Gao W, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Willer CJ, Franco OH, Huo Y, Witteman JC, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Palmas W, van Duijn C, Fornage M, Levy D, Psaty BM, Chakravarti A, Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin M, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar S, Zhao J, Heath S, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight B, Scott L, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers J, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der Harst P, Polidoro S, Grobbee D, Onland-Moret N, Bots M, Wain L, Elliott K, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton P, Hadley D, McArdle W, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse S, Samani N, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann J, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth D, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di Gregorio A, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu M, Luben R, Crawford G, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle L, Collins F, Jackson A, Mohlke K, Stringham H, Valle T, Willer C, Bergman R, Morken M, Döring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann H, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O’Donnell C, Schwartz S, Siscovick D, Subirana I, Freimer N, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy M, O’Reilly P, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong P, Snieder H, van Gilst W, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden J, Seedorf U, Syvänen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta E, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dörr M, Ernst F, Felix S, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Völker U, Galan P, Gut I, Hercberg S, Lathrop G, Zeleneka D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams F, Zhai G, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi N, Völzke H, Uiterwaal C, van der Schouw Y, Numans M, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham S, Kooner J, Paterson A, Connell J, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector T, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan D, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham N, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos R, Elliott P, Abecasis G, Caulfield M, Munroe P. Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:49-65. [PMID: 24975945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable, quantitative trait with intraindividual variability and susceptibility to measurement error. Genetic studies of BP generally use single-visit measurements and thus cannot remove variability occurring over months or years. We leveraged the idea that averaging BP measured across time would improve phenotypic accuracy and thereby increase statistical power to detect genetic associations. We studied systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) averaged over multiple years in 46,629 individuals of European ancestry. We identified 39 trait-variant associations across 19 independent loci (p < 5 × 10(-8)); five associations (in four loci) uniquely identified by our LTA analyses included those of SBP and MAP at 2p23 (rs1275988, near KCNK3), DBP at 2q11.2 (rs7599598, in FER1L5), and PP at 6p21 (rs10948071, near CRIP3) and 7p13 (rs2949837, near IGFBP3). Replication analyses conducted in cohorts with single-visit BP data showed positive replication of associations and a nominal association (p < 0.05). We estimated a 20% gain in statistical power with long-term average (LTA) as compared to single-visit BP association studies. Using LTA analysis, we identified genetic loci influencing BP. LTA might be one way of increasing the power of genetic associations for continuous traits in extant samples for other phenotypes that are measured serially over time.
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26
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Zhang X, Gierman HJ, Levy D, Plump A, Dobrin R, Goring HHH, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Blangero J, Kim SK, O’Donnell CJ, Emilsson V, Johnson AD. Synthesis of 53 tissue and cell line expression QTL datasets reveals master eQTLs. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:532. [PMID: 24973796 PMCID: PMC4102726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression genetic studies in human tissues and cells identify cis- and trans-acting expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). These eQTLs provide insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying disease risk. However, few studies systematically characterized eQTL results across cell and tissues types. We synthesized eQTL results from >50 datasets, including new primary data from human brain, peripheral plaque and kidney samples, in order to discover features of human eQTLs. RESULTS We find a substantial number of robust cis-eQTLs and far fewer trans-eQTLs consistent across tissues. Analysis of 45 full human GWAS scans indicates eQTLs are enriched overall, and above nSNPs, among positive statistical signals in genetic mapping studies, and account for a significant fraction of the strongest human trait effects. Expression QTLs are enriched for gene centricity, higher population allele frequencies, in housekeeping genes, and for coincidence with regulatory features, though there is little evidence of 5' or 3' positional bias. Several regulatory categories are not enriched including microRNAs and their predicted binding sites and long, intergenic non-coding RNAs. Among the most tissue-ubiquitous cis-eQTLs, there is enrichment for genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and mitochondrial function, suggesting these eQTLs may have adaptive origins. Several strong eQTLs (CDK5RAP2, NBPFs) coincide with regions of reported human lineage selection. The intersection of new kidney and plaque eQTLs with related GWAS suggest possible gene prioritization. For example, butyrophilins are now linked to arterial pathogenesis via multiple genetic and expression studies. Expression QTL and GWAS results are made available as a community resource through the NHLBI GRASP database [http://apps.nhlbi.nih.gov/grasp/]. CONCLUSIONS Expression QTLs inform the interpretation of human trait variability, and may account for a greater fraction of phenotypic variability than protein-coding variants. The synthesis of available tissue eQTL data highlights many strong cis-eQTLs that may have important biologic roles and could serve as positive controls in future studies. Our results indicate some strong tissue-ubiquitous eQTLs may have adaptive origins in humans. Efforts to expand the genetic, splicing and tissue coverage of known eQTLs will provide further insights into human gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- />Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA USA
| | - Hinco J Gierman
- />Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- />Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA USA
| | - Andrew Plump
- />Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA
| | - Radu Dobrin
- />Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Radnor, PA 19477 USA
| | - Harald HH Goring
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - John Blangero
- />Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA
| | - Stuart K Kim
- />Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- />Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA USA
- />Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | | | - Andrew D Johnson
- />Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave., Suite #2, Framingham, MA USA
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Yang RZ, Blumenthal JB, Glynn NM, Lee MJ, Goldberg AP, Gong DW, Ryan AS. Decrease of circulating SAA is correlated with reduction of abdominal SAA secretion during weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1085-90. [PMID: 24311467 PMCID: PMC3968182 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study goal was to determine the effect of weight loss (WL) alone and with aerobic exercise (WL + AEX) on serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and adipose SAA secretion from gluteal and abdominal depots. METHODS Ninety-six overweight or obese postmenopausal women undertook a 6-month WL alone (n = 47) or with AEX training (n = 49) (6 months WL and WL + AEX are considered WL when groups were combined). Their serum SAA levels, body weight, and adipose SAA secretion ex vivo from gluteal and abdominal depot were measured before and after WL interventions. RESULTS The participants lost an average of 8% body weight with a 10% decrease of serum SAA. Serum SAA levels remained significantly correlated with body weight before and after WL. However, the changes of serum SAA level did not correlate with changes of body weight. The gluteal adipose tissue secreted ∼50% more SAA than the abdominal tissue, but the changes of abdominal, but not gluteal, SAA secretion correlated (R(2) = 0.19, p < 0.01) with those of serum SAA levels during WL. CONCLUSIONS No linear correlation between the decrease in systemic SAA and WL was found. There is a depot-dependent difference in adipose SAA secretion and abdominal SAA secretion, which may partially account for the systemic SAA reduction during WL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ze Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Jacob B. Blumenthal
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Nicole M. Glynn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Andrew P. Goldberg
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center
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28
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Tragante V, Barnes MR, Ganesh SK, Lanktree MB, Guo W, Franceschini N, Smith EN, Johnson T, Holmes MV, Padmanabhan S, Karczewski KJ, Almoguera B, Barnard J, Baumert J, Chang YPC, Elbers CC, Farrall M, Fischer ME, Gaunt TR, Gho JMIH, Gieger C, Goel A, Gong Y, Isaacs A, Kleber ME, Mateo Leach I, McDonough CW, Meijs MFL, Melander O, Nelson CP, Nolte IM, Pankratz N, Price TS, Shaffer J, Shah S, Tomaszewski M, van der Most PJ, Van Iperen EPA, Vonk JM, Witkowska K, Wong COL, Zhang L, Beitelshees AL, Berenson GS, Bhatt DL, Brown M, Burt A, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Connell JM, Cruickshanks KJ, Curtis SP, Davey-Smith G, Delles C, Gansevoort RT, Guo X, Haiqing S, Hastie CE, Hofker MH, Hovingh GK, Kim DS, Kirkland SA, Klein BE, Klein R, Li YR, Maiwald S, Newton-Cheh C, O'Brien ET, Onland-Moret NC, Palmas W, Parsa A, Penninx BW, Pettinger M, Vasan RS, Ranchalis JE, M Ridker P, Rose LM, Sever P, Shimbo D, Steele L, Stolk RP, Thorand B, Trip MD, van Duijn CM, Verschuren WM, Wijmenga C, Wyatt S, Young JH, Zwinderman AH, Bezzina CR, Boerwinkle E, Casas JP, Caulfield MJ, Chakravarti A, Chasman DI, Davidson KW, Doevendans PA, Dominiczak AF, FitzGerald GA, Gums JG, Fornage M, Hakonarson H, Halder I, Hillege HL, Illig T, Jarvik GP, Johnson JA, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, Kumari M, März W, Murray SS, O'Connell JR, Oldehinkel AJ, Pankow JS, Rader DJ, Redline S, Reilly MP, Schadt EE, Kottke-Marchant K, Snieder H, Snyder M, Stanton AV, Tobin MD, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, van der Schouw YT, Samani NJ, Watkins H, Johnson AD, Reiner AP, Zhu X, de Bakker PIW, Levy D, Asselbergs FW, Munroe PB, Keating BJ. Gene-centric meta-analysis in 87,736 individuals of European ancestry identifies multiple blood-pressure-related loci. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:349-60. [PMID: 24560520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To investigate genetic associations with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP), we genotyped ~50,000 SNPs in up to 87,736 individuals of European ancestry and combined these in a meta-analysis. We replicated findings in an independent set of 68,368 individuals of European ancestry. Our analyses identified 11 previously undescribed associations in independent loci containing 31 genes including PDE1A, HLA-DQB1, CDK6, PRKAG2, VCL, H19, NUCB2, RELA, HOXC@ complex, FBN1, and NFAT5 at the Bonferroni-corrected array-wide significance threshold (p < 6 × 10(-7)) and confirmed 27 previously reported associations. Bioinformatic analysis of the 11 loci provided support for a putative role in hypertension of several genes, such as CDK6 and NUCB2. Analysis of potential pharmacological targets in databases of small molecules showed that ten of the genes are predicted to be a target for small molecules. In summary, we identified previously unknown loci associated with BP. Our findings extend our understanding of genes involved in BP regulation, which may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention or drug response stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew B Lanktree
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erin N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Berta Almoguera
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Yen-Pei Christy Chang
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Clara C Elbers
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Farrall
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mary E Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Johannes M I H Gho
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthijs F L Meijs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olle Melander
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden; Centre of Emergency Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tom S Price
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonathan Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sonia Shah
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, Gower Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik P A Van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kate Witkowska
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Caroline O L Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gerald S Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morris Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Amber Burt
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John M Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital &Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Karen J Cruickshanks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sean P Curtis
- Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - George Davey-Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Cedars-Sinai Med Ctr-PEDS, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shen Haiqing
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Claire E Hastie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Marten H Hofker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Division, Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Kim
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Susan A Kirkland
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Barbara E Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Yun R Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steffi Maiwald
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eoin T O'Brien
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jane E Ranchalis
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1LA UK
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Steele
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronald P Stolk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Mieke D Trip
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon Wyatt
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - J Hunter Young
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Molecular and Experimental Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Departments of Medicine & Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John G Gums
- Departments of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Indrani Halder
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hans L Hillege
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, W2 1LA UK
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Population Health, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim 69214, Germany; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Sarah S Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice V Stanton
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Center for Population Studies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kim D, Shin H, Sohn KA, Verma A, Ritchie MD, Kim JH. Incorporating inter-relationships between different levels of genomic data into cancer clinical outcome prediction. Methods 2014; 67:344-53. [PMID: 24561168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve our understanding of cancer and develop multi-layered theoretical models for the underlying mechanism, it is essential to have enhanced understanding of the interactions between multiple levels of genomic data that contribute to tumor formation and progression. Although there exist recent approaches such as a graph-based framework that integrates multi-omics data including copy number alteration, methylation, gene expression, and miRNA data for cancer clinical outcome prediction, most of previous methods treat each genomic data as independent and the possible interplay between them is not explicitly incorporated to the model. However, cancer is dysregulated by multiple levels in the biological system through genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level. Thus, genomic features are likely to interact with other genomic features in the different genomic levels. In order to deepen our knowledge, it would be desirable to incorporate such inter-relationship information when integrating multi-omics data for cancer clinical outcome prediction. In this study, we propose a new graph-based framework that integrates not only multi-omics data but inter-relationship between them for better elucidating cancer clinical outcomes. In order to highlight the validity of the proposed framework, serous cystadenocarcinoma data from TCGA was adopted as a pilot task. The proposed model incorporating inter-relationship between different genomic features showed significantly improved performance compared to the model that does not consider inter-relationship when integrating multi-omics data. For the pair between miRNA and gene expression data, the model integrating miRNA, for example, gene expression, and inter-relationship between them with an AUC of 0.8476 (REI) outperformed the model combining miRNA and gene expression data with an AUC of 0.8404. Similar results were also obtained for other pairs between different levels of genomic data. Integration of different levels of data and inter-relationship between them can aid in extracting new biological knowledge by drawing an integrative conclusion from many pieces of information collected from diverse types of genomic data, eventually leading to more effective screening strategies and alternative therapies that may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoon Kim
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Div. of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, Republic of Korea; Center for Systems Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Industrial & Information Systems Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Wonchun-dong, Yeoungtong-gu, 443-749 Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ah Sohn
- Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anurag Verma
- Center for Systems Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Center for Systems Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Div. of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110799, Republic of Korea; Systems Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110799, Republic of Korea.
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Siddle KJ, Deschamps M, Tailleux L, Nédélec Y, Pothlichet J, Lugo-Villarino G, Libri V, Gicquel B, Neyrolles O, Laval G, Patin E, Barreiro LB, Quintana-Murci L. A genomic portrait of the genetic architecture and regulatory impact of microRNA expression in response to infection. Genome Res 2014; 24:850-9. [PMID: 24482540 PMCID: PMC4009614 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161471.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression, and their role in a wide variety of biological processes, including host antimicrobial defense, is increasingly well described. Consistent with their diverse functional effects, miRNA expression is highly context dependent and shows marked changes upon cellular activation. However, the genetic control of miRNA expression in response to external stimuli and the impact of such perturbations on miRNA-mediated regulatory networks at the population level remain to be determined. Here we assessed changes in miRNA expression upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in dendritic cells from a panel of healthy individuals. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that ∼40% of miRNAs are differentially expressed upon infection. We find that the expression of 3% of miRNAs is controlled by proximate genetic factors, which are enriched in a promoter-specific histone modification associated with active transcription. Notably, we identify two infection-specific response eQTLs, for miR-326 and miR-1260, providing an initial assessment of the impact of genotype-environment interactions on miRNA molecular phenotypes. Furthermore, we show that infection coincides with a marked remodeling of the genome-wide relationships between miRNA and mRNA expression levels. This observation, supplemented by experimental data using the model of miR-29a, sheds light on the role of a set of miRNAs in cellular responses to infection. Collectively, this study increases our understanding of the genetic architecture of miRNA expression in response to infection, and highlights the wide-reaching impact of altering miRNA expression on the transcriptional landscape of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Siddle
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, 75015 Paris, France
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Sohn KA, Kim D, Lim J, Kim JH. Relative impact of multi-layered genomic data on gene expression phenotypes in serous ovarian tumors. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 6:S9. [PMID: 24521303 PMCID: PMC3906601 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s6-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The emerging multi-layers of genomic data have provided unprecedented opportunities for cancer research, especially for the association study between gene expressions and other types of genomic features. No previous approaches, however, provide an adequate statistical framework for or global analysis on the relative impact of different genomic feature layers to gene expression phenotypes. Methods We propose an integrative statistical framework based on a sparse regression to model the impact of multi-layered genomic features on gene expression traits. The proposed approach can be regarded as an integrative expression Quantitative Traits Loci approach in which not only the genetic variations of SNPs or copy number variations but also other features in both genomic and epigenomic levels are used to explain the expression of genes. To highlight the validity of the proposed approach, the TCGA ovarian cancer dataset was analysed as a pilot task. Results The analysis shows that our integrative approach has consistently superior power in predicting gene expression levels compared to that from each single data type-based analysis. Moreover, the proposed method has the advantage of producing a substantially reduced number of spurious associations. We provide an interesting characterization of genes in terms of its genomic association patterns. Important genomic features reported in previous ovarian cancer research are successfully identified as major hubs in the resulting association network between heterogeneous types of genomic features and genes. Conclusions In this paper, we model the gene expression phenotypes with respect to multiple different types of genomic data in an integrative framework. Our analysis reveals the global view on the relative contribution of different genomic feature types to gene expression phenotypes in ovarian cancer.
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32
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Gehrke S, Brueckner B, Schepky A, Klein J, Iwen A, Bosch TCG, Wenck H, Winnefeld M, Hagemann S. Epigenetic regulation of depot-specific gene expression in adipose tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82516. [PMID: 24340035 PMCID: PMC3855576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, adipose tissue is distributed in subcutaneous abdominal and subcutaneous gluteal depots that comprise a variety of functional differences. Whereas energy storage in gluteal adipose tissue has been shown to mediate a protective effect, an increase of abdominal adipose tissue is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the molecular basis of depot-specific characteristics is not completely understood yet. Using array-based analyses of transcription profiles, we identified a specific set of genes that was differentially expressed between subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue. To investigate the role of epigenetic regulation in depot-specific gene expression, we additionally analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in abdominal and gluteal depots. By combining both data sets, we identified a highly significant set of depot-specifically expressed genes that appear to be epigenetically regulated. Interestingly, the majority of these genes form part of the homeobox gene family. Moreover, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were also differentially expressed. Therefore we suppose that changes in gene expression profiles might account for depot-specific differences in lipid composition. Indeed, triglycerides and fatty acids of abdominal adipose tissue were more saturated compared to triglycerides and fatty acids in gluteal adipose tissue. Taken together, our results uncover clear differences between abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue on the gene expression and DNA methylation level as well as in fatty acid composition. Therefore, a detailed molecular characterization of adipose tissue depots will be essential to develop new treatment strategies for metabolic syndrome associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gehrke
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Klein
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Medicine I, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Iwen
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Medicine I, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Horst Wenck
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hagemann
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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33
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Mališová L, Rossmeislová L, Kováčová Z, Kračmerová J, Tencerová M, Langin D, Šiklová-Vítková M, Štich V. Expression of inflammation-related genes in gluteal and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue during weight-reducing dietary intervention in obese women. Physiol Res 2013; 63:73-82. [PMID: 24182336 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of adipose tissue in lower body lowers risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The molecular basis of this protective effect of gluteofemoral depot is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the profile of expression of inflammation-related genes in subcutaneous gluteal (sGAT) and abdominal (sAAT) adipose tissue at baseline and in response to multiphase weight-reducing dietary intervention (DI). 14 premenopausal healthy obese women underwent a 6 months' DI consisting of 1 month very-low-calorie-diet (VLCD), subsequent 2 months' low-calorie-diet and 3 months' weight maintenance diet (WM). Paired samples of sGAT and sAAT were obtained before and at the end of VLCD and WM periods. mRNA expression of 17 genes (macrophage markers, cytokines) was measured using RT-qPCR on chip-platform. At baseline, there were no differences in gene expression of macrophage markers and cytokines between sGAT and sAAT. The dynamic changes induced by DI were similar in both depots for all genes except for three cytokines (IL6, IL10, CCL2) that differed in their response during weight maintenance phase. The results show that, in obese women, there are no major differences between sGAT and sAAT in expression of inflammation-related genes at baseline conditions and in response to the weight-reducing DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mališová
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Randall JC, Winkler TW, Kutalik Z, Berndt SI, Jackson AU, Monda KL, Kilpeläinen TO, Esko T, Mägi R, Li S, Workalemahu T, Feitosa MF, Croteau-Chonka DC, Day FR, Fall T, Ferreira T, Gustafsson S, Locke AE, Mathieson I, Scherag A, Vedantam S, Wood AR, Liang L, Steinthorsdottir V, Thorleifsson G, Dermitzakis ET, Dimas AS, Karpe F, Min JL, Nicholson G, Clegg DJ, Person T, Krohn JP, Bauer S, Buechler C, Eisinger K, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Hottenga JJ, Prokopenko I, Waite LL, Harris TB, Smith AV, Shuldiner AR, McArdle WL, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Grönberg H, Chen YDI, Li G, Beckmann JS, Johnson T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Teder-Laving M, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Zhao JH, Amin N, Oostra BA, Kraja AT, Province MA, Cupples LA, Heard-Costa NL, Kaprio J, Ripatti S, Surakka I, Collins FS, Saramies J, Tuomilehto J, Jula A, Salomaa V, Erdmann J, Hengstenberg C, Loley C, Schunkert H, Lamina C, Wichmann HE, Albrecht E, Gieger C, Hicks AA, Johansson Å, Pramstaller PP, Kathiresan S, Speliotes EK, Penninx B, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR, Gyllensten U, Boomsma DI, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Chanock SJ, Farrall M, Goel A, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Zillikens MC, den Heijer M, Kiemeney LA, Maschio A, Hall P, Tyrer J, Teumer A, Völzke H, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Mangino M, Spector TD, Hayward C, Rudan I, Hall AS, Samani NJ, Attwood AP, Sambrook JG, Hung J, Palmer LJ, Lokki ML, Sinisalo J, Boucher G, Huikuri H, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Eklund N, Eriksson JG, Barlassina C, Rivolta C, Nolte IM, Snieder H, Van der Klauw MM, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Gejman PV, Shi J, Jacobs KB, Wang Z, Bakker SJL, Mateo Leach I, Navis G, van der Harst P, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Yang J, Chasman DI, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Absher D, Iribarren C, Basart H, Hovingh KG, Hyppönen E, Power C, Anderson D, Beilby JP, Hui J, Jolley J, Sager H, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Kristiansson K, Perola M, Lindström J, Swift AJ, Uusitupa M, Atalay M, Lakka TA, Rauramaa R, Bolton JL, Fowkes G, Fraser RM, Price JF, Fischer K, KrjutÅ¡kov K, Metspalu A, Mihailov E, Langenberg C, Luan J, Ong KK, Chines PS, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Edkins S, Franks PW, Hallmans G, Shungin D, Morris AD, Palmer CNA, Erbel R, Moebus S, Nöthen MM, Pechlivanis S, Hveem K, Narisu N, Hamsten A, Humphries SE, Strawbridge RJ, Tremoli E, Grallert H, Thorand B, Illig T, Koenig W, Müller-Nurasyid M, Peters A, Boehm BO, Kleber ME, März W, Winkelmann BR, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Arveiler D, Cesana G, Kuulasmaa K, Virtamo J, Yarnell JWG, Kuh D, Wong A, Lind L, de Faire U, Gigante B, Magnusson PKE, Pedersen NL, Dedoussis G, Dimitriou M, Kolovou G, Kanoni S, Stirrups K, Bonnycastle LL, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Ganna A, Rehnberg E, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Assimes TL, Barroso I, Boehnke M, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Fox CS, Frayling T, Groop LC, Haritunians T, Hunter D, Ingelsson E, Kaplan R, Mohlke KL, O'Connell JR, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Stefansson K, van Duijn CM, Abecasis GR, McCarthy MI, Hirschhorn JN, Qi L, Loos RJF, Lindgren CM, North KE, Heid IM. Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003500. [PMID: 23754948 PMCID: PMC3674993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the anthropometric differences between men and women and previous evidence of sex-difference in genetic effects, we conducted a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic associations with height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip-ratio (133,723 individuals) and took forward 348 SNPs into follow-up (additional 137,052 individuals) in a total of 94 studies. Seven loci displayed significant sex-difference (FDR<5%), including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were genome-wide significant in women (P<5×10(-8)), but not in men. Sex-differences were apparent only for waist phenotypes, not for height, weight, BMI, or hip circumference. Moreover, we found no evidence for genetic effects with opposite directions in men versus women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its role in diabetes genetics and therapy. Our results demonstrate the value of sex-specific GWAS to unravel the sexually dimorphic genetic underpinning of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Randall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Keri L. Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shengxu Li
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Damien C. Croteau-Chonka
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam E. Locke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antigone S. Dimas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josine L. Min
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George Nicholson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Harwell, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Person
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jon P. Krohn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Bauer
- Regensburg University Medical Center, Innere Medizin I, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Regensburg University Medical Center, Innere Medizin I, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Regensburg University Medical Center, Innere Medizin I, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR8199-IBL-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay L. Waite
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of OB/GYN and Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toby Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and The London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology & Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aldi T. Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Province
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Unit for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Red RECAVA Grupo RD06/0014/0015, Hospital Universitario, La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Population Studies Unit, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Nordic Center of Cardiovascular Research (NCCR), Lübeck, Germany
- Universität zu Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Loley
- Universität zu Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II, Lübeck, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H. Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, and Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano/Bozen, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano/Bozen, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin Farrall
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anuj Goel
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center East, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Maschio
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia del CNR, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S. Hall
- Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Paul Attwood
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer G. Sambrook
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Austrailia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation Inc., Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heikki Huikuri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niina Eklund
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Barlassina
- University of Milan, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie M. Van der Klauw
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo V. Gejman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northshore University Healthsystem, Evanston, Ilinois, United States of America
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin B. Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- The Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Devin Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Hanneke Basart
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees G. Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Power
- Centre For Paediatric Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics/MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John P. Beilby
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation Inc., Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation Inc., Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory of Western Australia, Department of Molecular Genetics, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Austrailia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jolley
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Sager
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E. H. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Unit of Public Health Genomics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amy J. Swift
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jennifer L. Bolton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Fowkes
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross M. Fraser
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie F. Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Chines
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E. Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University,Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University,Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University,Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Andrew David Morris
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Clinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Monzino Cardiology Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Harald Grallert
- Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- LURIC Study nonprofit LLC, Freiburg, Germany
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Leif C. Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Hunter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Identification and functional interpretation of gene regulatory variants is a major focus of modern genomics. The application of genetic mapping to molecular and cellular traits has enabled the detection of regulatory variation on genome-wide scales and revealed an enormous diversity of regulatory architecture in humans and other species. In this review I summarise the insights gained and questions raised by a decade of genetic mapping of gene expression variation. I discuss recent extensions of this approach using alternative molecular phenotypes that have revealed some of the biological mechanisms that drive gene expression variation between individuals. Finally, I highlight outstanding problems and future directions for development.
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Civelek M, Hagopian R, Pan C, Che N, Yang WP, Kayne PS, Saleem NK, Cederberg H, Kuusisto J, Gargalovic PS, Kirchgessner TG, Laakso M, Lusis AJ. Genetic regulation of human adipose microRNA expression and its consequences for metabolic traits. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3023-37. [PMID: 23562819 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has been extensively studied in humans and other organisms, but little is known about genetic factors contributing to microRNA (miRNA) expression. We examined natural variation of miRNA expression in adipose tissue in a population of 200 men who have been carefully characterized for metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) phenotypes as part of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study. We genotyped the subjects using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and quantified the mRNA abundance using genome-wide expression arrays and miRNA abundance using next-generation sequencing. We reliably quantified 356 miRNA species that were expressed in human adipose tissue, a limited number of which made up most of the expressed miRNAs. We mapped the miRNA abundance as an expression quantitative trait and determined cis regulation of expression for nine of the miRNAs and of the processing of one miRNA (miR-28). The degree of genetic variation of miRNA expression was substantially less than that of mRNAs. For the majority of the miRNAs, genetic regulation of expression was independent of the expression of mRNA from which the miRNA is transcribed. We also showed that for 108 miRNAs, mapped reads displayed widespread variation from the canonical sequence. We found a total of 24 miRNAs to be significantly associated with MetSyn traits. We suggest a regulatory role for miR-204-5p which was predicted to inhibit acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase β, a key fatty acid oxidation enzyme that has been shown to play a role in regulating body fat and insulin resistance in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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37
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Karastergiou K, Fried SK, Xie H, Lee MJ, Divoux A, Rosencrantz MA, Chang RJ, Smith SR. Distinct developmental signatures of human abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:362-71. [PMID: 23150689 PMCID: PMC3537084 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fat distribution differs in men and women, but in both sexes, a predominantly gluteal-femoral compared with abdominal (central) fat distribution is associated with lower metabolic risk. Differences in cellular characteristics and metabolic functions of these depots have been described, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not understood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify depot- and sex-dependent differences in gene expression in human abdominal and gluteal sc adipose tissues. DESIGN AND METHODS Abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue aspirates were obtained from 14 premenopausal women [age 27.5 ± 7.0 yr, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 6.2 kg/m(2), and waist-to-hip ratio 0.82 ± 0.04] and 21 men (age 29.7±7.4 yr, BMI 27.2 ± 4.5 kg/m(2), and waist-to-hip ratio 0.91 ± 0.07) and transcriptomes were analyzed using Illumina microarrays. Expression of selected genes was determined in isolated adipocytes and stromal vascular fractions from each depot, and in in vitro cultures before and after adipogenic differentiation. RESULTS A total of 284 genes were differentially expressed between the abdominal and gluteal depot, either specifically in males (n = 66) or females (n = 159) or in both sexes (n = 59). Most notably, gene ontology and pathway analysis identified homeobox genes (HOXA2, HOXA3, HOXA4, HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXB7, HOXB8, HOXC8, and IRX2) that were down-regulated in the gluteal depot in both sexes (P = 2 × 10(-10)). Conversely, HOXA10 was up-regulated in gluteal tissue and HOXC13 was detected exclusively in this depot. These differences were independent of BMI, were present in both adipocytes and stromal vascular fractions of adipose tissue, and were retained throughout in vitro differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that developmentally programmed differences may contribute to the distinct phenotypic characteristics of peripheral fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalypso Karastergiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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38
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Karastergiou K, Smith SR, Greenberg AS, Fried SK. Sex differences in human adipose tissues - the biology of pear shape. Biol Sex Differ 2012; 3:13. [PMID: 22651247 PMCID: PMC3411490 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have more body fat than men, but in contrast to the deleterious metabolic consequences of the central obesity typical of men, the pear-shaped body fat distribution of many women is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk. To understand the mechanisms regulating adiposity and adipose tissue distribution in men and women, significant research attention has focused on comparing adipocyte morphological and metabolic properties, as well as the capacity of preadipocytes derived from different depots for proliferation and differentiation. Available evidence points to possible intrinsic, cell autonomous differences in preadipocytes and adipocytes, as well as modulatory roles for sex steroids, the microenvironment within each adipose tissue, and developmental factors. Gluteal-femoral adipose tissues of women may simply provide a safe lipid reservoir for excess energy, or they may directly regulate systemic metabolism via release of metabolic products or adipokines. We provide a brief overview of the relationship of fat distribution to metabolic health in men and women, and then focus on mechanisms underlying sex differences in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalypso Karastergiou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Parts L, Hedman ÅK, Keildson S, Knights AJ, Abreu-Goodger C, van de Bunt M, Guerra-Assunção JA, Bartonicek N, van Dongen S, Mägi R, Nisbet J, Barrett A, Rantalainen M, Nica AC, Quail MA, Small KS, Glass D, Enright AJ, Winn J, Deloukas P, Dermitzakis ET, McCarthy MI, Spector TD, Durbin R, Lindgren CM. Extent, causes, and consequences of small RNA expression variation in human adipose tissue. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002704. [PMID: 22589741 PMCID: PMC3349731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs are functional molecules that modulate mRNA transcripts and have been implicated in the aetiology of several common diseases. However, little is known about the extent of their variability within the human population. Here, we characterise the extent, causes, and effects of naturally occurring variation in expression and sequence of small RNAs from adipose tissue in relation to genotype, gene expression, and metabolic traits in the MuTHER reference cohort. We profiled the expression of 15 to 30 base pair RNA molecules in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 131 individuals using high-throughput sequencing, and quantified levels of 591 microRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs. We identified three genetic variants and three RNA editing events. Highly expressed small RNAs are more conserved within mammals than average, as are those with highly variable expression. We identified 14 genetic loci significantly associated with nearby small RNA expression levels, seven of which also regulate an mRNA transcript level in the same region. In addition, these loci are enriched for variants significant in genome-wide association studies for body mass index. Contrary to expectation, we found no evidence for negative correlation between expression level of a microRNA and its target mRNAs. Trunk fat mass, body mass index, and fasting insulin were associated with more than twenty small RNA expression levels each, while fasting glucose had no significant associations. This study highlights the similar genetic complexity and shared genetic control of small RNA and mRNA transcripts, and gives a quantitative picture of small RNA expression variation in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Parts
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Keildson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (Langebio), Cinvestav, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - José Afonso Guerra-Assunção
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- PDBC, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James Nisbet
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Barrett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Rantalainen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra C. Nica
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Winn
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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