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Valenzuela PL, Rivas-Baeza B, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Exerkine response to acute exercise: Still much to discover. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:759-760. [PMID: 38615711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28871, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
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Renwick JRM, Preobrazenski N, Wu Z, Khansari A, LeBouedec MA, Nuttall JMG, Bancroft KR, Simpson-Stairs N, Swinton PA, Gurd BJ. Standard Deviation of Individual Response for VO 2max Following Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y. [PMID: 39160296 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous attempts to demonstrate inter-individual differences in trainability across various outcomes have been unsuccessful, the investigation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) trainability warrants further study. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate inter-individual differences in VO2max trainability across aerobic exercise training protocols utilizing non-exercising comparator groups. METHODS We conducted a literature search across three databases: EMBASE, PubMed and SCOPUS. The search strategy incorporated two main concepts: aerobic exercise training and VO2max. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, reported absolute or relative VO2max, included a non-exercise comparator group, reported VO2max change scores for non-exercise and exercise groups and provided the standard deviation (SD) of change for all groups. We calculated the SD of individual response (SDIR) to estimate the presence of inter-individual differences in trainability across all studies. RESULTS The literature search generated 32,968 studies, 24 of which were included in the final analysis. Our findings indicated that (1) the majority of variation in observed change scores following an intervention is due to measurement error, (2) calculating SDIR within a single study would not yield sufficient accuracy of SDIR due to generally small sample sizes and (3) meta-analysis of SD IR 2 across studies does not provide strong evidence for a positive value. CONCLUSION Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not strong evidence supporting the existence of VO2max trainability across single interventions. As such, it appears unlikely that clinically relevant predictors of VO2max response will be discovered. Registration can be found online ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X9VU3 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R M Renwick
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zeyu Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ava Khansari
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Matisse A LeBouedec
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jared M G Nuttall
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kyra R Bancroft
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nia Simpson-Stairs
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QE, UK
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Yin M, Deng S, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zheng H, Bai M, Li H, Zhang X, Deng J, Liu Q, Little JP, Li Y. Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:920-932. [PMID: 38569204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) to explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, inactive adults (n: 42, age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg·m-2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 33.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomly assigned to ES, MICT, or Control. ES (n = 14) and MICT (n = 13) groups performed three sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group (n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s "all-out" stair-climbing (6 flight, 126 steps, and 18.9 m total height) bouts separated by >1 h rest, and MICT involved 40 min × 60%-70% HRmax stationary cycling. A significant group × time interaction was found for relative VO2peak (p < 0.05) with ES significantly increasing by 7% compared to baseline (MD = 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.7), Cohen's d = 0.44), while MICT had no significant effects (MD = 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-1.1, 3.2), Cohen's d = 0.17), and Control experienced a significant decrease (MD = -1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-2.9, -0.4), Cohen's d = 0.26). MFO was unchanged among the three groups (group × time interaction, p > 0.05 for all). Stair climbing-based ES are a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving CRF among inactive adults, but the tested ES intervention appears to have limited potential to increase MFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Health Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Fosstveit SH, Berntsen S, Feron J, Joyce KE, Ivarsson A, Segaert K, Lucas SJE, Lohne-Seiler H. HIIT at Home: Enhancing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14694. [PMID: 38982665 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-month home-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention to improve peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and lactate threshold (LT) in older adults. METHODS Two hundred thirty-three healthy older adults (60-84 years; 54% females) were randomly assigned to either 6-month, thrice-weekly home-based HIIT (once-weekly circuit training and twice-weekly interval training) or a passive control group. Exercise sessions were monitored using a Polar watch and a logbook for objective and subjective data, respectively, and guided by a personal coach. The outcomes were assessed using a modified Balke protocol combining V̇O2peak and LT measures. General linear regression models assessed between-group differences in change and within-group changes for each outcome. RESULTS There was a significant between-group difference in the pre-to-post change in V̇O2peak (difference: 1.8 [1.2; 2.3] mL/kg/min; exercise: +1.4 [1.0; 1.7] mL/kg/min [~5%]; control: -0.4 [-0.8; -0.0] mL/kg/min [approximately -1.5%]; effect size [ES]: 0.35). Compared with controls, the exercise group had lower blood lactate concentration (-0.7 [-0.9; -0.4] mmol/L, ES: 0.61), % of peak heart rate (-4.4 [-5.7; -3.0], ES: 0.64), and % of V̇O2peak (-4.5 [-6.1; -2.9], ES: 0.60) at the intensity corresponding to preintervention LT and achieved a higher treadmill stage (% incline) at LT (0.6 [0.3; 0.8]; ES: 0.47), following the intervention. CONCLUSION This study highlights the effectiveness of a home-based HIIT intervention as an accessible and equipment-minimal strategy to induce clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Over 6 months, the exercise group showed larger improvements in all outcomes compared with the control group. Notably, the LT outcome exhibited a more pronounced magnitude of change than V̇O2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre H Fosstveit
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Jack Feron
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kelsey E Joyce
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Katrien Segaert
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hilde Lohne-Seiler
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D. Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory effects of high-intensity interval training in body fat responders and non-responders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14631. [PMID: 38918508 PMCID: PMC11199575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations to exercise intervention among participants who showed higher (responders-RSBFP) and lower (non-responders-NRSBFP) levels of body fat percentage (BFP) responsiveness. Adolescents (42.5% males) participated in a ten-week school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), followed by a comparison of BFP, blood pressure (BP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). RSBFP age of 16.15 ± 0.36 years, body height 170.82 ± 8.16 cm, weight 61.23 ± 12.80 kg, and BMI 20.86 ± 3.29 kg/m2. Meanwhile, NRSBFP age of 16.04 ± 0.36 years, body height 168.17 ± 8.64 cm, weight 57.94 ± 8.62 kg, and BMI 20.47 ± 2.24 kg/m2. HIIT intervention impacted BFP, with a higher decrease in the RSBFP than the NRSBFP (ΔBFPRs = - 2.30 ± 3.51(10.34%) vs. ΔBFPNRs = 1.51 ± 1.54(6.96%) p < 0.001). The primary comparison showed a statistically significant interaction effect in relation to CRF (F(1,71) = 14.12; p < 0.001). Detailed comparisons showed large and significant CRF changes in RSBFP (7.52%; d = 0.86; p < 0.001) but not in NRSBFP (2.01%; d = 0.11; p = 0.576). In addition, RSBFP and NRSBFP benefited equally in SBP (5.49%, d = 0.75; p < 0.001; 4.95%, d = 0.74; p < 0.001, respectively). These findings highlight that exercise benefits on body fat may be mainly related to gains in CRF. Due to substantial intra-individual variability in adaptation, there is a need for personalized intervention tailored for those with different reaction thresholds in body mass components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D. Muscular fitness profiles in relation to the response in body fat during school-based high-intensity intervention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:550-559. [PMID: 38358366 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the equivalence of the muscular fitness (MF) between body fat percentage (BFP) responders (RsBFP) and non-responders (NRsBFP) to school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Adolescents aged 16 (N.=73, 42.5% of males) were identified as RsBFP (N.=45) or NRsBFP (N.=28). MF was assessed based on hand strength (HS), abdominal muscle strength (ABS), and leg power (VJ). METHODS Profile analysis showed distinct patterns of MF changes in both response categories. Despite the presence of parallelism (Wilks' Λ=0.979, Pillai's V=0.212, P=0.473), a gradient of increasing changes (HS-ABS-VJ) was found in the RsBFP, while a gradient of decreasing changes was shown in the NRsBFP, and a significant level of inequality (F(1,71)=7.823, P=0.047, partial eta-squared [η2p] 0.041). RESULTS One-way analysis showed a significant and moderate effect on VJ (F(1,71)=7.080, P=0.010, η2P=0.091), a close to significant effect on ABS (F(1,71)=3.300, P=0.074, η2P=0.044) and lack of an effect on HS (F(1,71)=0.699, P=0.406, η2P=0.010). The test of equal means across the condition categories (separately for RsBFP and NRsBFP) indicated that there was no multivariate statistically significant within-group effect (F(2, 70)=0.517, P=0.599). CONCLUSIONS The findings may help teachers assess the potential and indirect changes in muscle performance after employing a body weight intervention (based on the HIIT program). A more targeted approach to treating adolescents with excessive BF, in parallel with improving MF, can be individually tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland -
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Lixandrão ME, Bamman M, Vechin FC, Conceicao MS, Telles G, Longobardi I, Damas F, Lavin KM, Drummer DJ, McAdam JS, Dungan CM, Leitão AE, Riani Costa LA, Aihara AY, Libardi CA, Gualano B, Roschel H. Higher resistance training volume offsets muscle hypertrophy nonresponsiveness in older individuals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:421-429. [PMID: 38174375 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training (RT) is highly variable between individuals (response heterogeneity). Manipulations in RT variables may modulate RT-related response heterogeneity; yet, this remains to be determined. Using a within-subject unilateral design, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT volume manipulation on whole muscle hypertrophy [quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (qCSA)] among nonresponders and responders to a low RT dose (single-set). We also investigated the effects of RT volume manipulation on muscle strength in these responsiveness groups. Eighty-five older individuals [41M/44F, age = 68 ± 4 yr; body mass index (BMI) = 26.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2] had one leg randomly allocated to a single (1)-set and the contralateral leg allocated to four sets of unilateral knee-extension RT at 8-15 repetition maximum (RM) for 10-wk 2 days/wk. Pre- and postintervention, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and unilateral knee-extension 1-RM strength testing. MRI typical error (2× TE = 3.27%) was used to classify individuals according to responsiveness patterns. n = 51 were classified as nonresponders (≤2× TE) and n = 34 as responders (>2× TE) based on pre- to postintervention change qCSA following the single-set RT protocol. Nonresponders to single-set training showed a dose response, with significant time × set interactions for qCSA and 1-RM strength, indicating greater gains in response to the higher volume prescription (time × set: P < 0.05 for both outcomes). Responders improved qCSA (time: P < 0.001), with a tendency toward higher benefit from the four sets RT protocol (time × set: P = 0.08); on the other hand, 1-RM increased similarly irrespectively of RT volume prescription (time × set: P > 0.05). Our findings support the use of higher RT volume to mitigate nonresponsiveness among older adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a within-subject unilateral design, we demonstrated that increasing resistance training (RT) volume may be a simple, effective strategy to improve muscle hypertrophy and strength gains among older adults who do not respond to low-volume RT. In addition, it could most likely be used to further improve hypertrophic outcomes in responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel E Lixandrão
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcas Bamman
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Felipe C Vechin
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel S Conceicao
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Telles
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Longobardi
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Damas
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Devin J Drummer
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jeremy S McAdam
- Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance Research, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Cory M Dungan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Alice E Leitão
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Riani Costa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Y Aihara
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
- Diagnósticos da América S.A. (DASA)/Laboratório Delboni, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group-School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Lifestyle Medicine; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rimbach R, Pontzer H. Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23564. [PMID: 37839049 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15 adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center during a period of low activity in winter when the animals were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period of high activity when individuals were free-ranging in large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in ring-tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both species were more active and had a lower body mass in summer. Ring-tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in HDL-cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in activity were not associated with changes in markers of metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was associated with lower activity in both species, and decreased glucose in ring-tailed lemurs, but was otherwise unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring-tailed lemurs, adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or TEE in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Yang F, Ma Y, Liang S, Shi Y, Wang C. Effect of Exercise Modality on Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 39077654 PMCID: PMC11262364 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2501009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to use a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CBT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on adult heart rate variability (HRV). Methods We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise on HRV in adults. The search was conducted from the outset of these databases to April 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted raw data from the relevant studies, and assessed the possible risk of bias in the included studies. Results The NMA showed that HIIT had the greatest effect on the low-frequency (LF) power/high-frequency (HF) power ratio, standard deviation of normal-normal intervals (SDNN), and root mean square of successive differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD) (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) = 99.75%, 98.7%, and 84.9%); CBT had the greatest effect on the LF power (SUCRA = 66.3%); RT had the greatest effect on the HF power (SUCRA = 72.5%). Conclusions Our NMA and SUCRA ranking results suggest that in adults, HIIT is the most effective exercise modality in improving the SDNN, RMSSD, and LF/HF power ratio; RT for the HF power; CBT for the LF power. Any NMA conducted in the future must fully explore the effects of different exercise modalities on HRV in adult subgroups of different ages and genders. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=424054, identifier: CRD42023424054.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, 315100 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, 041000 Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuangyan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, 041000 Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Yali Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, 041000 Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, 100084 Beijing, China
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10
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Knappett H, Haines M. Effects of Time-Efficient Occupational Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e785-e790. [PMID: 37757773 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For a cohort of operational firefighters, we assessed the effects of workplace-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Fifteen firefighters performed HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training for 4 weeks. Outcomes were peak oxygen uptake, time trial performance, and affective (pleasure/displeasure) responses to exercise. RESULTS There was an increase in peak oxygen uptake for both conditions, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06, η2 = 0.26) and time trial performance improved for both groups (2%, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.51). Affective responses were more favorable for HIIT, but both conditions avoided excessive sensations of displeasure. CONCLUSION Results suggest that workplace-based HIIT improved fitness and performance to a similar magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous training while avoiding overly negative affective responses and could improve occupational health of firefighters, despite reduced time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Knappett
- From the Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport, and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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11
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Anyadike-Danes K, Donath L, Kiely J. Coaches' Perceptions of Factors Driving Training Adaptation: An International Survey. Sports Med 2023; 53:2505-2512. [PMID: 37552460 PMCID: PMC10687123 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We surveyed coaches' views on topics related to the training process to elucidate whether their opinions are aligned with the current literature. Here the results for a sub-set of questions regarding factors affecting the training adaptation process are presented and discussed. METHODS 106 coaches [age range 18-65 + years, 31% 15 + years coaching, 58% individual-events/sports and 32% international level] from a number of countries completed a novel cross-sectional online survey about the planning of training and the training process. RESULTS Only 28% of participants indicated that physical training was the most important factor in determining sport performance; whereas 99% indicated non-physical factors influence physical training response. The top five factors in modifying an athlete's ability to physically adapt to a training plan, as rated 'absolutely essential', were 'coach-athlete relationship' (56%), 'life stress' (41%), 'athletes' belief in the plan' (37%), 'psychological and emotional stress' (35%) and 'physical training' (33%). CONCLUSIONS Amongst coaches surveyed less than a third rated physical training as the most important factor in determining sports performance. Non-physical factors were acknowledged by the majority to exert an influence on physical training response and adaptation, despite the lack of discussion in training research, though there was no consensus on the relative importance of each individual factor. We echo previous sentiments that coaches need to be engaged in the research process. If training research continues as present the field runs the risk of not only becoming detached but increasingly irrelevant to those it is trying to help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechi Anyadike-Danes
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John Kiely
- Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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12
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Helgerud J, Hov H, Mehus H, Balto B, Boye A, Finsås L, Hoff J, Wang E. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve V̇O 2max more than supramaximal sprint intervals in females, similar to males. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2193-2207. [PMID: 37608507 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max ) is a pivotal factor for aerobic endurance performance. Recently, aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was documented to be superior to sprint interval training (SIT) in improving V̇O2max in well-trained males. However, as mounting evidence suggests that physiological responses to training are sex-dependent, examining the effects of HIIT versus SIT on V̇O2max , anaerobic capacity, and endurance performance in females is warranted. METHODS We randomized 81 aerobically well-trained females (22 ± 2 years, 51.8 ± 3.6 mL∙kg-1 ∙min-1 V̇O2max ), training three times weekly for 8 weeks, to well-established protocols: (1) HIIT 4 × 4 min at ~95% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 3 min active recovery (2) SIT 8 × 20 s at ~150% of MAS, with 10 s passive recovery (3) SIT 10 × 30 s at ~175% of MAS, with 3.5 min active recovery. RESULTS Only HIIT 4 × 4 min increased V̇O2max (7.3 ± 3.1%), different from both SIT groups (all p < 0.001). Anaerobic capacity (maximal accumulated oxygen deficit) increased following SIT 8 × 20 s (6.5 ± 10.5%, p < 0.05), SIT 10 × 30 s (14.4 ± 13.7%, p < 0.05; different from HIIT 4 × 4 min, p < 0.05). SIT 10 × 30 s resulted in eight training-induced injuries, different from no injuries following HIIT 4 × 4 min and SIT 8 × 20 s (p < 0.001). All groups improved long-distance (3000-meter) and sprint (300-meter) running performance (all p < 0.001). SIT protocols improved sprint performance more than HIIT 4 × 4 min (p < 0.05). Compared to previous male results, no increase in V̇O2max following SIT 8 × 20 s (p < 0.01), and a higher injury rate for SIT 10 × 30 s (p < 0.001), were evident. CONCLUSIONS In aerobically well-trained women, HIIT is superior to SIT in increasing V̇O2max while all-out treadmill running SIT is potentially more harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håkon Hov
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Håkon Mehus
- Physical Education, Sports Science and Outdoor Education, NORD University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Balto
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Boye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Finsås
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Hoff
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Papadakis Z, Grandjean PW, Forsse JS. Effects of Acute Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Response and Recovery in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:812-825. [PMID: 35522981 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained acceptance as a key marker of cardiovascular health. We compared HRV responses after continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) matched for intensity and duration in individuals with midspectrum chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Twenty men and women (age 62.0 ± 10 yrs.) diagnosed with CKD stages G3a and G3b participated in a 2 (condition) x 4 (time point) repeated cross-over measures design study. HRV time-domain indices were based on the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and frequency domain. High-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), total power (TP) were examined. CMIE consisted of treadmill walking for 30 minutes at a 2% incline and speed corresponding to 60%-65% of reserve volume of oxygen (VO2R). HIIE included five intervals of 3 minutes at 90% of VO2R and 2 minutes at 20% VO2R intervals. Conditions were designed to be of the same average intensity (60% to 65% of VO2R) and caloric expenditure (~144 kcal). Results: Immediately following exercise SDNN, RMSSD, HF, LF, and TP were significantly lower compared to before exercise (p <.05). HRV responses were not different between conditions and conditions X time (p >.05). Conclusions: Thirty minutes of either CMIE or HIIE decreased HRV indices, pointing to an autonomic imbalance favoring vagal mediation. HRV's responses regarding HIIE were no different from CMIE, therefore, from an autonomic function point of view this similarity may be useful for CKD exercise prescription and programming.
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14
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Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D, Popowczak M. The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4204. [PMID: 37445239 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many observations have demonstrated great heterogeneity in the magnitude of the response to the physical exercise stimulus. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the prevalence of non-responders (NRs) in adolescents while considering health-related fitness measurements and other co-variables. Therefore, the aim of the current work was twofold: (1) to assess the effects of ten weeks of school-based HIIT on the prevalence of responders (Rs) and NRs for body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness, and (2) to assess the relationship of this prevalence with sex, body mass category, and biological maturation status, while estimating the likelihood of a response. Adolescents aged 16 years (n = 73) were included in the study. Waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), BP, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness were the primary outcomes. Co-variables included sex, body mass index (BMI), and maturity offset. The percentages of the Rs and NRs were analyzed based on changes (Δ) between post-intervention and pre-intervention values. The typical error (TE) method was used to identify Rs and NRs. Results showed a variation in the relative size of changes (% of changes) depending on the variable and sex. The greatest changes were observed in females' abdomen muscle strength (Δ% = 23.89%), and the difference from that of males (Δ% = 5.98%) was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with very large effect size of (Cohen's d = 0.941). Similar significant differences in relative changes were observed in body composition, but in the reverse direction. Males gained more from HIIT in the decrease in the body fat percentage (Δ% = -8.24%) and increase in skeletal muscle mass (Δ% = 3.38%) comparing to females (Δ% = 0.46, p = 0.040 and Δ% = 1.06%, p = 0.007, respectively). Effect size for body fat was small (Cohen's d = 0.469), and for skeletal muscle mass it was moderate (Cohen's d = -0.659). The results also showed positive significant differences in the prevalence of Rs compared to NRs in BFP, SMM, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), CRF, and abdominal muscular strength (ABS) (p = 0.047, p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.014, and p = 0.014, respectively). The effect was greatest and largest for SBP (Cohen's ω = 0.67). Sex was related to the prevalence of Rs for ABS and close to significance for SMM. More males than females benefited from HIIT in SMM (p = 0.058), but more females than males had ABS benefits (p = 0.050). Males were more likely (2.5-fold) to be Rs than females in SMM. BMI was not related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs. Biological maturation was related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs in SMM (p = 0.036) and SBP (p = 0.016). In SBP, 100% of the early matured derived benefit from HIIT, but the effect size was small (Cramer's V = 0.27). Those who maturated later were more likely (almost 70%) to be Rs. Thus, the HIIT program introduced to a typical physical education (PE) lesson can be considered partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to continue the search for an optimal and effective program for all health-related parameters. The close relationship between analyzed values and sex and biological maturation, but not BMI, indicates that the intervention programs should be tailored specifically for males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Popowczak
- Unit of Team Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Monsalves-Álvarez M, Jiménez T, Bunout D, Barrera G, Hirsch S, Sepúlveda-Guzman C, Silva C, Rodriguez JM, Troncoso R, de la Maza MP. High-intensity interval training prevents muscle mass loss in overweight Chilean young adults during a hypocaloric-Mediterranean diet: a randomized trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1181436. [PMID: 37360303 PMCID: PMC10287981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1181436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) mainly reduces fat mass but inevitably causes a loss of skeletal muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to have advantages in preserving muscle mass during a hypocaloric regime. Our study compares body composition and metabolic changes in overweight and obese Chilean women and men after 3 months of weight loss treatment with a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet, HIIT, or a combination of both. The study included 83 overweight or obese women and men between the ages of 25 and 50. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups: (1) MD, (2) EX, and (3) MD + EX. Baseline and post-intervention measurements included: (a) body composition by dual-beam densitometry, muscle, and fat measurements by thigh ultrasound and computed tomography; (b) handgrip and quadriceps muscle strength; (c) exercise performance by peak oxygen consumption, peak load, work efficiency, and exercise energy expenditure; and (d) metabolic parameters. Out of 83 participants, the retention rate was 49% due to low compliance with the interventions. As expected, the MD group resulted in significantly greater weight loss (MD -7%, EX -0.6% and MD + EX -5.3%) and appendicular fat mass loss (MD -11.1%, EX -2.9, MD + EX -10.2%) but was associated with significant lean tissue loss (2.8%), which was prevented by HIIT (EX -0.1 and MD + EX -0.6%). Metabolic and glycoxidative parameters remained unchanged, irrespective of changes in body composition. Hypocaloric diets remain the most effective means to lose weight and body fat. However, it induces a loss of lean body mass when not accompanied by exercise training. This study shows that HIIT prevents the loss of muscle mass caused by a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Bunout
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gladys Barrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Hirsch
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda-Guzman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan M. Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pía de la Maza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Tadiotto MC, Corazza PRP, Menezes-Junior FJD, Moraes-Junior FBD, Tozo TAA, Purim KSM, Mota J, Leite N. Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04974-6. [PMID: 37055629 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect and individual responsiveness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity of continuous training (MICT) on adiponectin, cardiometabolic risk factors and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. This study was participated by 52 adolescents, both sexes, 11 and 16 years old, separated into HIIT (n = 13), MICT (n = 15), and control group (CG, n = 24). Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Body mass index z-score (BMI-z), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Resting heart rate (HRrest), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), right handgrip strength (HGS-right), left handgrip strength (HGS-left), and abdominal resistance (ABD) was evaluated. HIIT session lasted around 35 min and MICT of 60 min of exercises on stationary bicycle, three times a weekday for 12 weeks. ANOVA, effect size, and prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. HIIT reduced BMI-z, WHtR, LDL-c, and CRP, while increased of physical fitness. MICT reduced HDL-c, while increased of physical fitness. CG reduced FM, HDL-c, and CRP, while increased FFM and HRrest. Frequencies of respondents in HIIT were observed for CRP, VO2peak, HGS-right, and HGS-left. Frequencies of respondents in MICT were observed for CRP and HGS-right. Frequencies of no-respondents in CG were observed for WC, WHtR, CRP, HRrest, and ABD. Conclusion: Interventions with exercises were effective to adiposity, metabolic health, and physical fitness improvements. Individual responses were observed in inflammatory process and physical fitness, important changes in overweight adolescent's therapy. Trial registration number and date of registration: This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), the number RBR-6343y7, date of registration May 3, 2017. What is Known: • Effect of regular physical exercise positively affects overweight, comorbidities, and metabolic diseases, recommended mainly for children and adolescents. What is New: • Due to the great inter-individual variability, the same stimulus can provide different responses; adolescents who benefit from the stimulus are considered responsive. • Intervention of HIIT and MICT did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin; however, the adolescents presented responsiveness to the inflammatory process and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Cristina Tadiotto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Col. Francisco H. dos Santos, Curitiba, Brazil, 81531-980.
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Paes Corazza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Col. Francisco H. dos Santos, Curitiba, Brazil, 81531-980
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Mota
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Col. Francisco H. dos Santos, Curitiba, Brazil, 81531-980
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Muli S, Brachem C, Alexy U, Schmid M, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37020289 PMCID: PMC10074825 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity elicits many health benefits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which physical activity influences overall health are less understood. Untargeted metabolomics enables system-wide mapping of molecular perturbations which may lend insights into physiological responses to regular physical activity. In this study, we investigated the associations of habitual physical activity with plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study with plasma samples n = 365 (median age: 18.4 (18.1, 25.0) years, 58% females) and 24 h urine samples n = 215 (median age: 18.1 (17.1, 18.2) years, 51% females). Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Plasma and urine metabolite concentrations were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. In a sex-stratified analysis, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite data and to create metabolite patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were then applied to assess the associations between self-reported physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week) with single metabolites and metabolite patterns, adjusted for potential confounders and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% for each set of regressions. RESULTS Habitual physical activity was positively associated with the "lipid, amino acids and xenometabolite" pattern in the plasma samples of male participants only (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.042). In both sexes, no association of physical activity with single metabolites in plasma and urine and metabolite patterns in urine was found (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our explorative study suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with alterations of a group of metabolites reflected in the plasma metabolite pattern in males. These perturbations may lend insights into some of underlying mechanisms that modulate effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Digby L, McCarthy SF, Bornath DPB, Copeland JL, Hazell TJ. Individual and Group Responses of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to Running and Cycling Sprint Interval Training. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e313-e316. [PMID: 36730572 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Digby, L, McCarthy, SF, Bornath, DPB, Copeland, JL, and Hazell, TJ. Individual and group responses of cardiorespiratory fitness to running and cycling sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e313–e316, 2023—Sprint interval training (SIT) has gained popularity as an effective way to improve peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and subsequently health in a time-efficient manner. In addition, SIT has demonstrated improvements of ∼5–12% in V̇O2peak for both running and cycling protocols, although comparisons of differing modalities have yet to be examined. Therefore, this study sought to determine group and individual responses to running and cycling SIT while examining any crossover effects of running and cycling SIT when V̇O2peak is tested in different modes of exercise where 18 subjects completed either 3 weeks of cycling SIT (6 male, 3 female) or running SIT (5 male, 4 female) consisting of 4–6 repeated 30-second all-out bouts interspersed with 240 seconds of recovery. Cycling and running V̇O2peak tests were completed pretraining and post-training for the investigation of mode-specific cardiorespiratory fitness improvements. There were main effects of time for cycling V̇O2peak (P = 0.022,
= 0.499) and running V̇O2peak (P = 0.080,
= 0.334) that seem greater when testing in the same mode as training (∼+5.5%). A similar proportion of responders were identified in both training modes (∼67%) suggesting running and cycling SIT are both effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. These results suggest that the specificity of testing and training are important for SIT and that both running and cycling SIT are similarly effective at improving V̇O2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Digby
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Derek P B Bornath
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Jennifer L Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
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Thomas HJ, Ang T, Morrison DJ, Keske MA, Parker L. Acute exercise and high-glucose ingestion elicit dynamic and individualized responses in systemic markers of redox homeostasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127088. [PMID: 37063903 PMCID: PMC10102861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBiomarkers of oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis are commonly measured in human blood to assess whether certain stimuli (e.g., high-glucose ingestion or acute exercise) lead to a state of oxidative distress (detrimental to health) or oxidative eustress (beneficial to health). Emerging research indicates that redox responses are likely to be highly individualized, yet few studies report individual responses. Furthermore, the effects of complex redox stimuli (e.g., high-glucose-ingestion after exercise) on redox homeostasis remains unclear. We investigated the effect of acute exercise (oxidative eustress), high-glucose ingestion (oxidative distress), and high-glucose ingestion after exercise (both oxidative eu/distress), on commonly measured redox biomarkers in serum/plasma.MethodsIn a randomized crossover fashion, eight healthy men (age: 28 ± 4 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]) completed two separate testing conditions; 1) consumption of a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal (45% carbohydrate [1.1 g glucose.kg-1], 20% protein, and 35% fat) at rest (control trial), and 2) consumption of the same meal 3 h and 24 h after 1 h of moderate-intensity cycling exercise (exercise trial). Plasma and serum were analyzed for an array of commonly studied redox biomarkers.ResultsOxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and nitrate levels) increased immediately after exercise (p < 0.05), whereas nitric oxide activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) remained similar to baseline (p > 0.118). Nitric oxide activity and nitrate levels decreased at 3 h post-exercise compared to pre-exercise baseline levels. Depending on when the high-glucose mixed nutrient meal was ingested and the postprandial timepoint investigated, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense biomarkers either increased (hydrogen peroxide, TBARS, and superoxide dismutase), decreased (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide activity, nitrate, and nitrite), or remained similar to pre-meal baseline levels (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, TBARS, catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrite). Redox responses exhibited large inter-individual variability in the magnitude and/or direction of responses.ConclusionFindings highlight the necessity to interpret redox biomarkers in the context of the individual, biomarker measured, and stimuli observed. Individual redox responsiveness may be of physiological relevance and should be explored as a potential means to inform personalized redox intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Thomas
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Teddy Ang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale J. Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle A. Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lewan Parker,
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Tarumi T, Patel NR, Tomoto T, Pasha E, Khan AM, Kostroske K, Riley J, Tinajero CD, Wang C, Hynan LS, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Park DC, Zhang R. Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one-year randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med 2022; 292:788-803. [PMID: 35713933 PMCID: PMC9588521 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence is inconsistent on the benefits of aerobic exercise training for preventing or attenuating age-related cognitive decline in older adults. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a 1-year progressive, moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function, brain volume, and cortical thickness in sedentary but otherwise healthy older adults. METHODS We randomized 73 older adults to a 1-year aerobic exercise or stretching-and-toning (active control) program. The primary outcome was a cognitive composite score calculated from eight neuropsychological tests encompassing inductive reasoning, long-term and working memory, executive function, and processing speed. Secondary outcomes were brain volume and cortical thickness assessed by MRI, and cardiorespiratory fitness measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2 ). RESULTS One-year aerobic exercise increased peak VO2 by ∼10% (p < 0.001) while it did not change with stretching (p = 0.241). Cognitive composite scores increased in both the aerobic and stretching groups (p < 0.001 for time effect), although no group difference was observed. Total brain volume (p < 0.001) and mean cortical thickness (p = 0.001) decreased in both groups over time, while the reduction in hippocampal volume was smaller in the stretching group compared with the aerobic group (p = 0.040 for interaction). Across all participants, improvement in peak VO2 was positively correlated with increases in cognitive composite score (r = 0.282, p = 0.042) and regional cortical thickness at the inferior parietal lobe (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS One-year aerobic exercise and stretching interventions improved cognitive performance but did not prevent age-related brain volume loss in sedentary healthy older adults. Cardiorespiratory fitness gain was positively correlated with cognitive performance and regional cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Neena R. Patel
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tsubasa Tomoto
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Evan Pasha
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ayaz M. Khan
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kayla Kostroske
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Riley
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Tinajero
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ciwen Wang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Linda S. Hynan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Denise C. Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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Formighieri C, Müller DC, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Mello A, Teodoro JL, Boeno F, Grazioli R, Cunha GDS, Pietta-Dias C, Izquierdo M, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Interindividual variability of adaptations following either traditional strength or power training combined to endurance training in older men: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111984. [PMID: 36270544 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interindividual responses following two different concurrent training (CT) regimens in neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and functional outcomes of older men. Thirty-five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly allocated into one of two CT groups: power training (PT) + high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 17); or traditional strength training (TST) + HIIT (n = 18). Maximal dynamic strength (one-repetition maximum, 1RM), rate of force development at 100 milliseconds (RDF100), countermovement jump power (CMJ), quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), functional tests (sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, and stair climbing), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were assessed pre-, post-8 and post-16 weeks of training. The Chi-squared test was used for assessing differences in the prevalence of responders (Rs), non-responders (NRs), and adverse responders (ARs). Similar prevalence of individual responses (Rs, NRs and ARs) between groups were observed after intervention in almost all outcomes: 1RM; power at CMJ; QF MT, and functional tests (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in the distribution of Rs, NRs and ARs between groups was observed in the RFD100 after 16 weeks (p = 0.003), with PT + HIIT group presenting high prevalence of Rs than TST + HIIT (100 % vs. 50 %). The inclusion of explosive-type of contractions in a concurrent training regime induces greater responsiveness in the RFD100 in older men, while no differences compared to traditional strength training are observed in maximal strength, muscle size, VO2peak, and functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Formighieri
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diana C Müller
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alexandre Mello
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francesco Boeno
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovani Dos S Cunha
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pietta-Dias
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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22
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Papadakis Z, Etchebaster M, Garcia-Retortillo S. Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Collegiate Rowing: A Network Approach to Cardiorespiratory Exercise Testing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13250. [PMID: 36293862 PMCID: PMC9603738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Collegiate rowing performance is often assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Rowers' on-water performance involves non-linear dynamic interactions and synergetic reconfigurations of the cardiorespiratory system. Cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC) method measures the co-variation among cardiorespiratory variables. Novice (n = 9) vs. Intermediate (n = 9) rowers' CRC (H0: Novice CRC = Intermediate CRC; HA: Novice CRC < Intermediate CRC) was evaluated through principal components analysis (PCA). A female NCAA Division II team (N = 18) grouped based on their off-water performance on 6000 m time trial. Rowers completed a customized CPET to exhaustion and a variety of cardiorespiratory values were recorded. The number of principal components (PCs) and respective PC eigenvalues per group were computed on SPSS vs28. Intermediate (77%) and Novice (33%) groups showed one PC1. Novice group formed an added PC2 due to the shift of expired fraction of oxygen or, alternatively, heart rate/ventilation, from the PC1 cluster of examined variables. Intermediate rowers presented a higher degree of CRC, possible due to their increased ability to utilize the bicarbonate buffering system during the CPET. CRC may be an alternative measure to assess aerobic fitness providing insights to the complex cardiorespiratory interactions involved in rowing during a CPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, College of Health and Wellness, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA
| | - Michelle Etchebaster
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, College of Health and Wellness, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC) University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Delgado-Floody P, Chirosa-Ríos L, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Valdés-Badilla P, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Núñez-Espinosa C, Castro-Sepulveda M, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Andrade DC, Álvarez C. Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934038. [PMID: 36217503 PMCID: PMC9546759 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3, n = 11) or low number (<3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes. Significantly different (all p < 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.0001), SBP (NRs 72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p < 0.0001), FPG (NRs 100% vs. 64.8 %, p < 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP (−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p < 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups, significant differences were observed in ∆FPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ± 3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Human Performance Laboratory, Motion Training, Rehab and Nutrition, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristian Álvarez,
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Thomas HJ, Marsh CE, Maslen BA, Lester L, Naylor LH, Green DJ. Endurance versus resistance training in treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized cross-over trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274082. [PMID: 36067151 PMCID: PMC9447867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Individual variability in traditional cardiovascular risk factor responses to different exercise modalities has not been directly addressed in humans using a randomized cross-over design.
Methods
Body weight and body mass index, resting blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed in 68 healthy untrained adults (26±6 years) who underwent three-months of exercise training targeted at improving cardiopulmonary fitness (endurance) and skeletal muscle function (resistance), separated by three-months washout.
Results
There were significant increases in weight and body mass index following resistance (+0.8 kg, P<0.01; and +0.26 kg/m2, P<0.01, respectively), but not endurance (+0.1 kg, P = 0.75; and +0.03 kg/m2, P = 0.70, respectively). Although no significant group changes resulted from training in other cardiovascular risk factors, the positive response rate for all variables ranged from 27–49% for resistance and 42–58% for endurance. Between 39–59% of individuals who did not respond to resistance nonetheless responded to endurance, and 28–54% who did not respond to endurance responded to resistance.
Conclusion
Whilst, on average, 12 weeks of resistance or endurance did not change most cardiovascular risk factors, many subjects showed robust positive responses. Exercise modality had an impact on the proportion of subjects who responded to training, and non-response to one mode of training did not imply non-response to the alternate mode. Although the effect of exercise on a single risk factor may be modest, the effect on overall cardiovascular risk profile can be dramatic.
Study registration
The study was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, which was published prior to recruitment and randomization (ACTRN12616001095459).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Thomas
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Channa E. Marsh
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Maslen
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise H. Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Bonafiglia JT, Islam H, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. Risk of bias and reporting practices in studies comparing VO 2max responses to sprint interval vs. continuous training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:552-566. [PMID: 33722760 PMCID: PMC9532877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether studies comparing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) response to sprint interval training (SIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are associated with a high risk of bias and poor reporting quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of reporting in studies comparing changes in VO2max between SIT and MICT. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of 4 major databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Studies were excluded if participants were not healthy adult humans or if training protocols were unsupervised, lasted less than 2 weeks, or utilized mixed exercise modalities. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the CONSORT checklist for non-pharmacological trials to evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies with 30 comparisons (3 studies included 2 SIT groups) were included in our meta-analysis (n = 360 SIT participants: body mass index (BMI) = 25.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, baseline VO2max = 37.9 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; n = 359 MICT participants: BMI = 25.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, baseline VO2max = 38.3 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; all mean ± SD). All studies had an unclear risk of bias and poor reporting quality. CONCLUSION Although we observed a lack of superiority between SIT and MICT for improving VO2max (weighted Hedge's g = -0.004, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.08 to 0.07), the overall unclear risk of bias calls the validity of this conclusion into question. Future studies using robust study designs are needed to interrogate the possibility that SIT and MICT result in similar changes in VO2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Ojeda-Aravena A, Azócar-Gallardo J, Campos-Uribe V, Báez-San Martín E, Aedo-Muñoz EA, Herrera-Valenzuela T. Effects of plyometric training on softer vs. Harder surfaces on jump-related performance in rugby sevens players. Front Physiol 2022; 13:941675. [PMID: 36117710 PMCID: PMC9473314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.941675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare jump-related performance after plyometric training on harder vs. softer surfaces in rugby sevens players. Fourteen players were randomly assigned to the harder surface group (H-G, n = 7) and softer surface group (S-G, n = 7). Three times per week, in the morning, the players performed plyometric training on different surfaces and strength training. Before and after the 4-week intervention period, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and CMJ with arms (CMJA) tests were performed to measure vertical jump displacement (d), rate of force development (r), and power (p). The main results indicated a significant improvement in S-G for CMJd (∆% = +8.2%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.59) and for CMJAp (∆% = +8.7%; p = 0.035; ES = 0.44). These improvements were significant compared to H-G for CMJAd (F1,12 = 8.50; p = 0.013; ηp2 = 0.41; ES = 0.83) and CMJAp (F1,12 = 7.69; p = 0.017; ηp2 = 0.39; ES = 0.79). This study reveals that performance related to the counter movement jump with arms on softer surfaces after 4-week plyometric training improved vertical jump displacement and lower body power in rugby sevens players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ojeda-Aravena
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alex Ojeda-Aravena,
| | - Jairo Azócar-Gallardo
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir (DSBv), Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Toledo, Spain
| | - Victor Campos-Uribe
- Programa de Vida Saludable, Actividad Física y Deporte, Undergraduate Studies, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Báez-San Martín
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Esteban Ariel Aedo-Muñoz
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
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Marsh CE, Thomas HJ, Naylor LH, Dembo LG, Scurrah KJ, Green DJ. Left Ventricular Adaptation to Exercise Training via Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise THerapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1095-1104. [PMID: 35220371 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in left ventricular mass (LVM) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) in response to exercise training are important determinants of functional capacity in health and disease, but the impact of different exercise modalities remains unclear. METHODS Using a randomized crossover design we studied the impact of resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in previously untrained monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (n = 72; 22 MZ pairs, 14 DZ same-sex pairs; 26.1 ± 5.4 yr). Twins, as pairs, undertook 3 months of RES and 3 months of END training (order randomized), separated by a 3-month washout. RESULTS Group results revealed that END increased LVM (P < 0.001) and EDV (P = 0.007), whereas RES did not (P > 0.05). A higher proportion of individuals responded to END than RES for LVM (72% vs 38%, P < 0.001) and EDV (67% vs 40%, P = 0.003). Baseline cross-sectional intraclass correlations were higher for MZ than DZ twin pairs for all variables (e.g., LVM heritability = 0.42), but no significant correlations were apparent between pairs for change in any variable in response to either RES or END (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that cardiac adaptation in response to exercise is modality-specific and that low responders to one mode of exercise can be high responders to an alternative. Heritability estimates based on cross-sectional data, which suggested a genetic contribution to LVM, do not accord with estimates based on training effects, which indicated limited genetic impact on adaptation in this 3-month study of exercise training. This study has implications for understanding the physiological and health impacts of typically used exercise modalities on cardiac adaptation in previously untrained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa E Marsh
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Katrina J Scurrah
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
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MacDonald TL, Pattamaprapanont P, Cooney EM, Nava RC, Mitri J, Hafida S, Lessard SJ. Canagliflozin Prevents Hyperglycemia-Associated Muscle Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Improves the Adaptive Response to Aerobic Exercise. Diabetes 2022; 71:881-893. [PMID: 35108373 PMCID: PMC9044131 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with low response to aerobic exercise training in rodent models and humans, including reduced aerobic exercise capacity and impaired oxidative remodeling in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether glucose lowering with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), canagliflozin (Cana; 30 mg/kg/day), could restore exercise training response in a model of hyperglycemia (low-dose streptozotocin [STZ]). Cana effectively prevented increased blood glucose in STZ-treated mice. After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, Cana-treated mice displayed improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, higher capillary density in striated muscle, and a more oxidative fiber-type in skeletal muscle. In contrast, these responses were blunted or absent in STZ-treated mice. Recent work implicates glucose-induced accumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and hyperactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/SMAD2 mechanical signaling as potential mechanisms underlying poor exercise response. In line with this, muscle ECM accretion was prevented by Cana in STZ-treated mice. JNK/SMAD2 signaling with acute exercise was twofold higher in STZ compared with control but was normalized by Cana. In human participants, ECM accumulation was associated with increased JNK signaling, low VO2peak, and impaired metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity). These data demonstrate that hyperglycemia-associated impairments in exercise adaptation can be ameliorated by cotherapy with SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. MacDonald
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Roberto C. Nava
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Mitri
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samar Hafida
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah J. Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Sarah J. Lessard,
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Thomas HJ, Marsh CE, Scurrah KJ, Naylor LH, Smith KJ, Green DJ. Studies of twin responses to understand exercise THerapy (STRUETH): Cerebrovascular function. J Physiol 2022; 600:2729-2746. [PMID: 35474455 DOI: 10.1113/jp282998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Characterising individual responses to resistance and endurance exercise training can inform optimal strategies for exercise prescription. This study utilised monozygotic and dizygotic twins in a randomised cross-over study to determine individual responsiveness to different modalities of exercise training. The influence of environment versus genetics in cerebrovascular responses to training was determined. It is apparent that individuals respond differently to distinct exercise stimuli and that switching modality may be a beneficial way to obtain positive responses in cerebrovascular function. This study has implications for improving individualised exercise prescription to maintain or improve cerebral structure and function. ABSTRACT Introduction We studied monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs following resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training to assess genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrovascular function. Methods Cerebrovascular function (rest, autoregulation, hypercapnia, exercise) was assessed in 86 healthy same-sex MZ (30 pairs) and DZ (13 pairs) twins, who underwent three-months of END and RES. Carbon dioxide (PET CO2 ), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) were measured and MCAv resistance (MCACVRi ) was calculated. Results Resting MCAv reduced by -2.8 cm/s following RES (P = 0.024), with no change following END (-0.3 cm/s, P = 0.758). Change in MCACVRi following RES was +0.11 mmHg/cm/s (P < 0.001), which was significantly greater than END (+0.02 mmHg/cm/s, P = 0.030). MAP also increased following RES (+4 mmHg, P = 0.010), but not END (+1 mmHg, P = 0.518). No changes were apparent in PET CO2 . At rest, positive response rates following RES ranged from 27-71% and 40-64% following END. Intraclass correlations between twins were moderate for most variables at baseline. In response to training, only MZ pairs were significantly correlated for change in MCAv (P = 0.005) and low frequency phase (P = 0.047) following RES. Conclusion This study is the first to compare cerebrovascular function following RES and END in MZ and DZ twins. Most individuals who did not respond to one modality were able to respond by switching modality and baseline heritability estimates were higher than training response. Exercise professionals should therefore consider modality and environmental factors when optimising interventions. Abstract figure legend Schematic summary of the assessment battery of cerebrovascular measures of function and health developed by Ainslie and Green. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) measures are complemented by contemporaneous assessment of whole brain blood flow, derived from simultaneous high-resolution ultrasound via insonation of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Results show that group response does not always reflect individual responses, and that switching exercise modality can increase individual responsiveness to exercise training. Low twin correlations in response to exercise training indicate nurture has a larger contribution to training response than nature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Thomas
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Channa E Marsh
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katrina J Scurrah
- Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kurt J Smith
- Cerebrovascular Health, Exercise, and Environmental Research Sciences Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Leite N, Tadiotto MC, Corazza PRP, de Menezes Junior FJ, Carli MEC, Milano-Gai GE, Lopes WA, Gaya AR, Brand C, Mota J, Radominski RB. Responsiveness on metabolic syndrome criteria and hepatic parameters after 12 weeks and 24 weeks of multidisciplinary intervention in overweight adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:741-752. [PMID: 34780051 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect and individual responsiveness after 12 (12wk) and 24 weeks (24wk) of physical exercise (PE) and nutritional guidance (NG) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria and hepatic parameters in overweight adolescents. METHODS The study comprised 94 overweight adolescents, aged between 10 and 16 years old, from both sexes, allocated into groups: PE and NG (PENGG, n = 64) and control with NG (NGCG, n = 30). Variables were collected at baseline, 12wk, and 24wk. Weight, height, abdominal circumference (AC), blood pressure, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), as well as insulin, triglycerides (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated. HOMA-IR and QUICKI were calculated. PE session consisted of 45 min of indoor cycling, 45 min of walking, and 20 min of stretching, three times a week. The NG consisted of three collective sessions in the first 12wk. Anova, effect size, and prevalence of responders were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The PENGG12wk reduced anthropometric and metabolic measurements, while increased VO2peak and HDL-c. The PEG24wk promoted anthropometric, blood pressure, metabolic, and VO2peak improvements, but participants without PE returned to pre-exercise status and presented worsening AST and ALT concentrations. Frequencies of respondents in PENGG12wk versus (vs) NGCG12wk were, respectively, AC (69.1% vs 17.6%, p < 0.01), HDL-c (87.2% vs 23.5%, p < 0.01), TAG (67.3% vs 41.7%, p = 0.05) and ALT (45.5% vs 5,9%; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Interventions with PE were effective to reduce MetS components in 12wk and maintenance in 24wk, showing anthropometric, metabolic, and VO2peak improvements. Higher individual responses were observed in 12wk and in 24wk, important changes in overweight adolescent's therapy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials randomization. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-4v6h7b) and date of registration April 4th, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M C Tadiotto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - P R P Corazza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - F J de Menezes Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - M E C Carli
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - G E Milano-Gai
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - W A Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Street Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A R Gaya
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz Do Sul, Santa Cruz Do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - R B Radominski
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Bell L, Wallen M, Talpey S, Myers M, O'Brien B. Can exhaled volatile organic compounds differentiate high and low responders to resistance exercise? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jacques M, Landen S, Romero JA, Yan X, Hiam D, Jones P, Gurd B, Eynon N, Voisin S. Implementation of multiple statistical methods to estimate variability and individual response to training. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:588-598. [PMID: 35234572 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2048894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS What are the findings? We implemented five statistical methods in a single study to estimate the magnitude of within-subject variability and quantify responses to exercise training at the individual level.The various proposed methods used to estimate individual responses to training provide different types of information and rely on different assumptions that are difficult to test.Within-subject variability is often large in magnitude, and as such, should be systematically evaluated and carefully considered in future studies to successfully estimate individual responses to training. How might it impact on clinical practice in the future? Within-subject variability in response to exercise training is a key factor that must be considered in order to obtain a reproducible measurement of individual response to exercise training. This is akin to ensuring data is reproducible for each subject.Our findings provide guidelines for future exercise training studies to ensure results are reproducible within participants and to minimize wasting precious research resources.By implementing five suggested methods to estimate individual response to training, we highlight their feasibility, strengths, weaknesses, and costs, for researchers to make the best decision on how to accurately measure individual responses to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Patrice Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and health studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Barber JL, Ruiz-Ramie JJ, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA. Regular exercise and patterns of response across multiple cardiometabolic traits: the HERITAGE family study. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:95-100. [PMID: 33619128 PMCID: PMC8380259 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether high responsiveness or low responsiveness to exercise training aggregates in the same individuals across seven cardiometabolic traits. METHODS A total of 564 adults (29.2% black, 53.7% female) from the HERITAGE family study completed a 20-week endurance training programme (at 55%-75% of participants' maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)) with VO2max, per cent body fat, visceral adipose tissue, fasting levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, small low-density lipoprotein particles and inflammatory marker GlycA measured before and after training. For each exercise response trait, we created ethnicity-specific, sex-specific and generation-specific quintiles. High responses were defined as those within the 20th percentile representing the favourable end of the response trait distribution, low responses were defined as the 20th percentile from the least favourable end, and the remaining were labelled as average responses. RESULTS Only one individual had universally high or low responses for all seven cardiometabolic traits. Almost half (49%) of the cohort had at least one high response and one low response across the seven traits. About 24% had at least one high response but no low responses, 24% had one or more low responses but no high responses, and 2.5% had average responses across all traits. CONCLUSIONS Interindividual variation in exercise responses was evident in all the traits we investigated, and responsiveness did not aggregate consistently in the same individuals. While adherence to an exercise prescription is known to produce health benefits, targeted risk factors may not improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Barber
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan J Ruiz-Ramie
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arthur S Leon
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - DC Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Ojeda-Aravena A, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Valdés-Badilla P, Cancino-López J, Zapata-Bastias J, García-García JM. Inter-Individual Variability of a High-Intensity Interval Training With Specific Techniques vs. Repeated Sprints Program in Sport-Related Fitness of Taekwondo Athletes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:766153. [PMID: 34867471 PMCID: PMC8637814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.766153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with specific techniques (TS-G) vs. repeated sprints (RS-G) and analyzed the inter-individual variability [classified into responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs)] on sport-related fitness in taekwondo (TKD) athletes. Athletes of both genders (n = 12) were randomly assigned into TS-G and RS-G groups. Both groups trained 3 days/week for 4 weeks [two blocks of three rounds of 2 min of activity (4-s of all-out efforts with 28-s dynamical pauses) with 1 min of recovery in between and 5 min between blocks] during their regular training. The related sport fitness assessments included squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKTMULT), specifically total kicks and Kick Decrement Index (KDI), and 20-m shuttle run (20MSR). Relevant results indicate a significant effect of the time factor in both groups for SJ performance and a significant decrease for KDI in RS-G. In addition, an improvement in performance according to the effect size analysis in the TS-G in total kicks, KDI, and 20MSR. Complementarily, a higher proportion of athlete Rs was reported in TS-G vs. RS-G for SJ (50% vs. 30.3%, respectively), CMJ, and total kicks (16.6% vs. 0%). In conclusion, the addition to the regular training of a HIIT with specific-techniques and repeated-sprints associated with intervals and similar structure of the combat during 4 weeks of training can improve the concentric characteristics of lower limb performance, although they were not the sufficient stimuli in the other components of TKD-related fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ojeda-Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás (UST), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino-López
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Zapata-Bastias
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
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Skelly LE, Bailleul C, Gillen JB. Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:99. [PMID: 34940959 PMCID: PMC8702506 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interval training is a form of exercise that involves intermittent bouts of relatively intense effort interspersed with periods of rest or lower-intensity exercise for recovery. Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) induce physiological and health-related adaptations comparable to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in healthy adults and those with chronic disease despite a lower time commitment. However, most studies within the field have been conducted in men, with a relatively limited number of studies conducted in women cohorts across the lifespan. This review summarizes our understanding of physiological responses to low-volume interval training in women, including those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness, glycemic control, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. We also describe emerging evidence demonstrating similarities and differences in the adaptive response between women and men. Collectively, HIIT and SIT have consistently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in women, and most sex-based comparisons demonstrate similar improvements in men and women. However, research examining insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses to HIIT and SIT in women is limited and conflicting, with some evidence of blunted improvements in women relative to men. There is a need for additional research that examines physiological adaptations to low-volume interval training in women across the lifespan, including studies that directly compare responses to MICT, evaluate potential mechanisms, and/or assess the influence of sex on the adaptive response. Future work in this area will strengthen the evidence-base for physical activity recommendations in women.
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Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665044. [PMID: 34819869 PMCID: PMC8606564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ojeda-Aravena A, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Valdés-Badilla P, Martín EBS, Cancino-López J, Gallardo JA, Zapata-Bastías J, García-García JM. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training With Specific Techniques on Jumping Ability and Change of Direction Speed in Karate Athletes: An Inter-individual Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:769267. [PMID: 34887776 PMCID: PMC8650689 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 4weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with specific techniques and analyzed inter-individual variability [classified in responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs)] on jumping ability and change of direction speed (CODS) in youth karate athletes. Athletes of both genders (n=10) were randomly assigned into experimental group (EG; n=5) and the control group (CG; n=5). The EG trained 2-3days per week applying HIIT (three rounds [15 sets of 4s all-out specific efforts with 8s of dynamical pauses] with 3min of recovery between rounds) during their usual training during 4weeks. Assessments included squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) and CODS by T-test. No significant interaction effect group by time was found. Although, in percentage and effect size (ES) terms increases were reported in both groups for SJ (EG: 15.2%, ES=0.91 vs. CG: 12.4%, ES=0.02) and only in EG for the T-test (-1.7%; ES=-0.35). In turn, a trend toward a higher proportion of Rs was observed in the EG (40% Rs) vs. CG (20% Rs) for SJ and CODS, respectively. In conclusion, the addition to regular training of a HIIT with specific techniques and based on the temporal combat structure after 4weeks was not a sufficient stimulus to increase jumping ability and CODS in karate athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ojeda-Aravena
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Movimiento Humano, Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Eduardo Báez-San Martín
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Departamento de Deportes y Recreación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino-López
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jairo Azócar Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Movimiento Humano, Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Zapata-Bastías
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - José Manuel García-García
- Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Deportivo, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Díaz E, Salazar LA. Effects of Four Lipid Metabolism-Related Polymorphisms on Body Composition Improvements After 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712787. [PMID: 34539437 PMCID: PMC8440869 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes have been associated with obesity and body composition, but these have been scarcely described concerning the magnitude of the response to exercise interventions in the overweight/obese population. Objective: To evaluate the association of perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs1052700 and rs2304795), lipoprotein lipase (rs283), and adrenoceptor beta 3 (rs4994) polymorphisms with high and low responders (LoRes) to fat mass reduction after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, we examined the effect of these genetic variants on body composition changes. Methods: Forty-three unrelated overweight/obese adult women were incorporated and genotyped, of which 30 women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed the 12-week supervised HIIT program plus an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet. Results: An association was observed between the PLIN1 rs1052700 polymorphism with high and LoRes (χ2 = 8.138; 2 df; p = 0.01). Moreover, after the intervention, the carriers of TT genotype of PLIN1 rs1052700 as compared to AA and AT showed a greater reduction in absolute fat mass (Δ: −5.1 ± 1.8 vs. − 1.8 ± 1.4 vs. − 2.1 ± 2.3 kg; p = 0.04). The effect size of this fat mass reduction between TT and AT genotypes was a mean difference of −3.01 kg [95%IC − 4.88– − 1.1], and between TT and AA genotypes was −3.29 kg [95%IC − 4.86– − 1.65]. No differences were observed for other polymorphisms investigated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs1052700 (14995A>T) polymorphism of the PLIN1 gene is associated with a differential response to fat mass reduction after a 12-week intervention in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, women with the TT genotype of this genetic variant showed greater changes in fat mass than AA and AT genotypes. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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40
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Hrubeniuk TJ, Bonafiglia JT, Bouchard DR, Gurd BJ, Sénéchal M. Directions for Exercise Treatment Response Heterogeneity and Individual Response Research. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:11-22. [PMID: 34399428 DOI: 10.1055/a-1548-7026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment response heterogeneity and individual responses following exercise training are topics of interest for personalized medicine. Proposed methods to determine the contribution of exercise to the magnitude of treatment response heterogeneity and categorizing participants have expanded and evolved. Setting clear research objectives and having a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the available methods are vital to ensure the correct study design and analytical approach are used. Doing so will ensure contributions to the field are conducted as rigorously as possible. Nonetheless, concerns have emerged regarding the ability to truly isolate the impact of exercise training, and the nature of individual responses in relation to mean group changes. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, the strengths and limitations associated with current methods for quantifying the contribution of exercise to observed treatment response heterogeneity will be discussed. Second, current methods used to categorize participants based on their response to exercise will be outlined, as well as proposed mechanisms for factors that contribute to response variation. Finally, this review will provide an overview of some current issues at the forefront of individual response research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Hrubeniuk
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada
| | - Danielle R Bouchard
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise and Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Martínez-Maturana N, Salazar LA, Díaz E. Physiological Effects and Inter-Individual Variability to 12 Weeks of High Intensity-Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713016. [PMID: 34393829 PMCID: PMC8358598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human adaptive response to exercise interventions is often described as group average and SD to represent the typical response for most individuals, but studies reporting individual responses to exercise show a wide range of responses. Objective: To characterize the physiological effects and inter-individual variability on fat mass and other health-related and physical performance outcomes after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. Methods: Thirty untrained adult overweight and obese women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed a 12-week supervised HIIT program and an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet (75% of daily energy requirements) throughout the whole intervention. High and low responders to the intervention were those individuals who were able to lose ≥ 10 and < 10% of initial absolute fat mass (i.e., kilograms), respectively. Results: The prevalence for high and low responders was 33% (n = 11) and 66% (n = 19), respectively. At the whole group level, the intervention was effective to reduce the absolute fat mass (30.9 ± 7.2 vs. 28.5 ± 7.2 kg; p < 0.0001), body fat percentage (39.8 ± 4.3 vs. 37.8 ± 4.9%; p < 0.0001), and total body mass (76.7 ± 10.1 vs. 74.4 ± 9.9 kg; p < 0.0001). In addition, there were improvements in systolic blood pressure (SBP; Δ% = −5.1%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; Δ% = −6.4%), absolute VO2peak (Δ% = +14.0%), relative VO2peak (Δ% = +13.8%), peak power output (PPO; Δ% = +19.8%), anaerobic threshold (AT; Δ% = +16.7%), maximal ventilation (VE; Δ% = +14.1%), and peak oxygen pulse (O2 pulse; Δ% = +10.4%). However, at the individual level, a wide range of effects were appreciated on all variables, and the magnitude of the fat mass changes did not correlate with baseline body mass or fat mass. Conclusion: A 12-week supervised HIIT program added to a slight dietary energy restriction effectively improved fat mass, body mass, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, a wide range of inter-individual variability was observed in the adaptative response to the intervention. Furthermore, subjects classified as low responders for fat mass reduction could be high responders (HiRes) in many other health-related and physical performance outcomes. Thus, the beneficial effects of exercise in obese and overweight women go further beyond the adaptive response to a single outcome variable such as fat mass or total body mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Ardavani A, Aziz H, Phillips BE, Doleman B, Ramzan I, Mozaffar B, Atherton PJ, Idris I. Indicators of response to exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044676. [PMID: 34301648 PMCID: PMC8728353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Means-based analysis of maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) has traditionally been used as the exercise response indicator to assess the efficacy of endurance (END), high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance exercise training (RET) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body health. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in the interindividual variability response to the same or different training modalities. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate exercise response rates in the context of VO2max: (1) in each training modality (END, HIIT and RET) versus controls, (2) in END versus either HIIT or RET and (3) exercise response rates as measured by VO2max versus other indicators of positive exercise response in each exercise modality. METHODS Three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL) and additional sources were searched. Both individual response rate and population average data were incorporated through continuous data, respectively. Of 3268 identified manuscripts, a total of 29 studies were suitable for qualitative synthesis and a further 22 for quantitative. Stratification based on intervention duration (less than 12 weeks; more than or equal to 12 weeks) was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 62 data points were procured. Both END and HIIT training exhibited differential improvements in VO2max based on intervention duration. VO2max did not adequately differentiate between END and HIIT, irrespective of intervention length. Although none of the other exercise response indicators achieved statistical significance, LT and HRrest demonstrated common trajectories in pooled and separate analyses between modalities. RET data were highly limited. Heterogeneity was ubiquitous across all analyses. CONCLUSIONS The potential for LT and HRrest as indicators of exercise response requires further elucidation, in addition to the exploration of interventional and intrinsic sources of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ardavani
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Hariz Aziz
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Brett Doleman
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Imran Ramzan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Boshra Mozaffar
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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Borfe L, Brand C, Schneiders LDB, Mota J, Cavaglieri CR, Leite N, Renner JDP, Reuter CP, Gaya AR. Effects and Responsiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Leptin in Overweight/Obese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147267. [PMID: 34299719 PMCID: PMC8305247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise reduces the biochemical markers of obesity, but the effects of multicomponent interventions on these markers should be explored. The present study aimed to elucidate how overweight/obese adolescents respond to a multicomponent program approach on body composition, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers, using a quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obesity adolescents (control group (CG) = 16; intervention group (IG) = 17). The intervention consisted of 24 weeks with physical exercises and nutritional and psychological guidance. Both groups were evaluated at the pre/post-intervention moments on body mass index (BMI); body fat (%Fat); waist circumference (WC); waist/hip ratio (WHR); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); abdominal strength, flexibility; leptin; interleukin 6; interleukin 10; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mixed-analysis of variance and generalized estimation equations were used for statistical analysis. There was an interaction effect between groups and time on %Fat (p = 0.002), WC (p = 0.023), WHR (p < 0.001), WHtR (p = 0.035), CRF (p = 0.050), and leptin (p = 0.026). Adolescents were classified as 82.4% responders for %Fat, 70.6% for WC, 88.2% for WHR, and 70.6% for CRF. Further, there was an association between changes in %Fat (p = 0.033), WC (p = 0.032), and WHR (p = 0.033) between responders and non-responders with CRF in the IG. There was a positive effect on body composition, physical fitness, and leptin. In addition, reductions in body composition parameters were explained by CRF improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Borfe
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil; (C.B.); (L.d.B.S.)
| | - Letícia de Borba Schneiders
- Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil; (C.B.); (L.d.B.S.)
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Claudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity Studies, University State Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil;
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, University of Paraná, Curitiba 81690-100, Brazil;
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Department of Life Sciences and Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil;
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Health Sciences and Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil;
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Meyler S, Bottoms L, Muniz-Pumares D. Biological and methodological factors affecting V ̇ O 2 max response variability to endurance training and the influence of exercise intensity prescription. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1410-1424. [PMID: 34036650 DOI: 10.1113/ep089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Biological and methodological factors associated with the variable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training. What advances does it highlight? Several biological and methodological factors exist that each contribute, to a given extent, to response variability. Notably, prescribing exercise intensity relative to physiological thresholds reportedly increases cardiorespiratory fitness response rates compared to when prescribed relative to maximum physiological values. As threshold-based approaches elicit more homogeneous acute physiological responses among individuals, when repeated over time, these uniform responses may manifest as more homogeneous chronic adaptations thereby reducing response variability. ABSTRACT Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in response to endurance training (ET) exhibit large variations, possibly due to a multitude of biological and methodological factors. It is acknowledged that ∼20% of individuals may not achieve meaningful increases in CRF in response to ET. Genetics, the most potent biological contributor, has been shown to explain ∼50% of response variability, whilst age, sex and baseline CRF appear to explain a smaller proportion. Methodological factors represent the characteristics of the ET itself, including the type, volume and intensity of exercise, as well as the method used to prescribe and control exercise intensity. Notably, methodological factors are modifiable and, upon manipulation, alter response rates to ET, eliciting increases in CRF regardless of an individual's biological predisposition. Particularly, prescribing exercise intensity relative to a physiological threshold (e.g., ventilatory threshold) is shown to increase CRF response rates compared to when intensity is anchored relative to a maximum physiological value (e.g., maximum heart rate). It is, however, uncertain whether the increased response rates are primarily attributable to reduced response variability, greater mean changes in CRF or both. Future research is warranted to elucidate whether more homogeneous chronic adaptations manifest over time among individuals, as a result of exposure to more homogeneous exercise stimuli elicited by threshold-based practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Meyler
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Verboven K, Hansen D. Critical Reappraisal of the Role and Importance of Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. Sports Med 2021; 51:379-389. [PMID: 33332014 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of obesity in adults, exercise intervention is recommended and some people with obesity even prefer exercise above dietary intervention as a single weight-loss strategy. However, evidence is accumulating that the long-term body weight and adipose tissue mass loss as a result of exercise intervention in these individuals is disappointingly small. Although this could be related to various clinical reasons, more recent evidence reveals that also (patho)physiological abnormalities are involved which cannot be remediated by exercise intervention, especially in metabolically compromised patients. As a result, the role and importance of exercise intervention in the treatment of obesity deserve significant reconsideration to avoid confusion and disappointment amongst clinicians, patients and society. Hence, to reduce adipose tissue mass and body weight, dietary intervention is much more effective than exercise intervention, and is, therefore, of key importance in this endeavour. However, dietary interventions must be supplemented by exercise training to induce clinically relevant changes in specific cardiovascular or metabolic risk factors like blood pressure, blood triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, as well as visceral adipose tissue mass, physical fitness, muscle mass and strength, quality of life and life expectancy. This allows individuals with obesity to preserve their cardiometabolic health or to shift from a metabolically unhealthy phenotype to a metabolically healthy phenotype. Signifying the true clinical value of exercise interventions might lead to a better understanding and appreciation of the goals and associated effects when implemented in the multidisciplinary treatment of obesity, for which a proper tailoring of exercise prescription is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Verboven
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Building A, 3590, AgoralaanDiepenbeek, Belgium. .,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Building A, 3590, AgoralaanDiepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED-Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Jessa Hospital, Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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47
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Williams CJ, Li Z, Harvey N, Lea RA, Gurd BJ, Bonafiglia JT, Papadimitriou I, Jacques M, Croci I, Stensvold D, Wisloff U, Taylor JL, Gajanand T, Cox ER, Ramos JS, Fassett RG, Little JP, Francois ME, Hearon CM, Sarma S, Janssen SLJE, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Cornelissen VA, Howden EJ, Keating SE, Yan X, Bishop DJ, Bye A, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Brown MA, Torquati L, Eynon N, Coombes JS. Genome wide association study of response to interval and continuous exercise training: the Predict-HIIT study. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:37. [PMID: 33985508 PMCID: PMC8117553 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) is highly associated with chronic disease and mortality from all causes. Whilst exercise training is recommended in health guidelines to improve V̇O2peak, there is considerable inter-individual variability in the V̇O2peak response to the same dose of exercise. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to V̇O2peak training response may improve personalisation of exercise programs. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants that are associated with the magnitude of V̇O2peak response following exercise training. METHODS Participant change in objectively measured V̇O2peak from 18 different interventions was obtained from a multi-centre study (Predict-HIIT). A genome-wide association study was completed (n = 507), and a polygenic predictor score (PPS) was developed using alleles from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated (P < 1 × 10-5) with the magnitude of V̇O2peak response. Findings were tested in an independent validation study (n = 39) and compared to previous research. RESULTS No variants at the genome-wide significance level were found after adjusting for key covariates (baseline V̇O2peak, individual study, principal components which were significantly associated with the trait). A Quantile-Quantile plot indicates there was minor inflation in the study. Twelve novel loci showed a trend of association with V̇O2peak response that reached suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-5). The strongest association was found near the membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2 (MAGI2) gene (rs6959961, P = 2.61 × 10-7). A PPS created from the 12 lead SNPs was unable to predict V̇O2peak response in a tenfold cross validation, or in an independent (n = 39) validation study (P > 0.1). Significant correlations were found for beta coefficients of variants in the Predict-HIIT (P < 1 × 10-4) and the validation study (P < × 10-6), indicating that general effects of the loci exist, and that with a higher statistical power, more significant genetic associations may become apparent. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing research and validation of current and previous findings is needed to determine if genetics does play a large role in V̇O2peak response variance, and whether genomic predictors for V̇O2peak response trainability can inform evidence-based clinical practice. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Trial Id: ACTRN12618000501246, Date Registered: 06/04/2018, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374601&isReview=true .
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Sport, Movement and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenna L Taylor
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trishan Gajanand
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily R Cox
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Monique E Francois
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sylvan L J E Janssen
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Beckers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Véronique A Cornelissen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences - Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erin J Howden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anja Bye
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luciana Torquati
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Lin D, Potiaumpai M, Schmitz K, Sturgeon K. Increased Duration of Exercise Decreases Rate of Nonresponse to Exercise but May Not Decrease Risk for Cancer Mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:928-935. [PMID: 33044435 PMCID: PMC8026778 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have observed an inverse relationship between exercise and breast cancer risk. However, there is interindividual variability in response to exercise training interventions. We investigated whether increasing the dose of aerobic exercise (150 or 300 min·wk-1), while keeping intensity of exercise constant (70%-80% HRmax), decreases the number of exercise nonresponders and further decreases associated risk for cancer mortality in our study population of women genetically predisposed for breast cancer. METHODS Healthy premenopausal women at elevated risk of breast cancer were randomized into control (<75 min·wk-1, n = 47), low-dose exercise (150 min·wk-1, n = 39), and high-dose exercise groups (300 min·wk-1, n = 39) for approximately 6 months. We assessed 1) clinical effectiveness (CE), defined as an improvement in predicted V˙O2max of ≥1 mL·kg-1·min-1, and twice the typical error (2× TE) of V˙O2max as thresholds to classify exercise "nonresponders"; 2) CE and 2× TE relative to exercise adherence levels; and 3) related changes in V˙O2max to predicted cancer mortality risk. RESULTS After our 6-month intervention, we observed that 23.5% of women in the low-dose group and 5.6% of women in the high-dose group were clinical nonresponders (P = 0.04). Clinical nonresponder status was independent of adherence level. Associated reduction in risk for cancer mortality was observed among 87.2% of women in the low-dose group and 94.9% in the high-dose group (P = 0.43). CONCLUSION Increasing volume (not intensity) of exercise via time spent exercising significantly decreases the number of "nonresponders." True nonresponders were observed as some women did not improve their fitness capacity despite high exercise adherence levels. Lastly, it appears 150 min·wk-1 is sufficient to decrease the predicted risk of cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Téllez-T LA, Camelo-Prieto D, Hernández-Quiñonez PA, Correa-Bautista JE, Garcia-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M. Effect of Moderate- Versus High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Inactive Latin-American Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:3403-3415. [PMID: 28198783 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ramírez-Vélez, R, Tordecilla-Sanders, A, Téllez-T, LA, Camelo-Prieto, D, Hernández-Quiñonez, PA, Correa-Bautista, JE, Garcia-Hermoso, A, Ramírez-Campillo, R, and Izquierdo, M. Effect of moderate- versus high-intensity interval exercise training on heart rate variability parameters in inactive Latin-American adults: a randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3403-3415, 2020-We investigated the effect of moderate versus high-intensity interval exercise training on the heart rate variability (HRV) indices in physically inactive adults. Twenty inactive adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity training (MCT group) or high-intensity interval training (HIT group). The MCT group performed aerobic training at an intensity of 55-75%, which consisted of walking on a treadmill at 60-80% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) until the expenditure of 300 kcal. The HIT group ran on a treadmill for 4 minutes at 85-95% peak HRmax and had a recovery of 4 minutes at 65% peak HRmax until the expenditure of 300 kcal. Supine resting HRV indices (time domain: SDNN = SD of normal-to-normal intervals; rMSSD = root mean square successive difference of R-R intervals and frequency domain: HFLn = high-frequency spectral power; LF = low-frequency spectral power and HF/LF ratio) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks thereafter. The SDNN changes were 3.4 (8.9) milliseconds in the MCT group and 29.1 (7.6) milliseconds in the HIT group {difference between groups 32.6 (95% confidence interval, 24.9 to 40.4 [p = 0.01])}. The LF/HFLn ratio changes were 0.19 (0.03) milliseconds in the MCT group and 0.13 (0.01) milliseconds in the HIT group (p between groups = 0.016). No significant group differences were observed for the rMSSD, HF, and LF parameters. In inactive adults, this study showed that a 12-week HIT training program could increase short-term HRV, mostly in vagally mediated indices such as SDNN and HF/LFLn ratio power. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01796275, registered on March 23, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Luis A Téllez-T
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Saint Thomas University, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Diana Camelo-Prieto
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Saint Thomas University, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Paula A Hernández-Quiñonez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Jorge E Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, District Capital, Colombia
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- School of Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Santiago, Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Center for Biomedical Research in Network (CIBER) of Fragility and Healthy Aging (CB16/10/00315), Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
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Effects of 4 Weeks of a Technique-Specific Protocol with High-Intensity Intervals on General and Specific Physical Fitness in Taekwondo Athletes: An Inter-Individual Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073643. [PMID: 33807435 PMCID: PMC8037394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare the effects of a technique-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol vs. traditional taekwondo training on physical fitness and body composition in taekwondo athletes, as well as to analyse the inter-individual response. Utilising a parallel controlled design, sixteen male and female athletes (five females and 11 males) were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) that participated in the technique-specific HIIT and a control group (CG) that participated in traditional taekwondo training. Both groups trained three days/week for four weeks. Squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 5-metre sprint (5M), 20-metre shuttle run (20MSR), taekwondo specific agility test (TSAT), multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKTMULT), total kicks, and kick decrement index (KDI), as well as body composition were evaluated. Results indicate that there are no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the factors group and time factor and group by time interaction (p > 0.05). Although percentage and effect size increases were documented for post-intervention fitness components in TSAT, total kicks, KDI, and 20MSR, responders and non-responders were also documented. In conclusion, a HIIT protocol based on taekwondo-specific technical movements does not report significant differences in fitness and body composition compared to traditional taekwondo training, nor inter-individual differences between athletes.
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