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Viox EG, Bosinger SE, Douek DC, Schreiber G, Paiardini M. Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19. J Virol 2024; 98:e0120423. [PMID: 38651899 PMCID: PMC11092331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01204-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Karakoese Z, Ingola M, Sitek B, Dittmer U, Sutter K. IFNα Subtypes in HIV Infection and Immunity. Viruses 2024; 16:364. [PMID: 38543729 PMCID: PMC10975235 DOI: 10.3390/v16030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN), immediately triggered following most viral infections, play a pivotal role in direct antiviral immunity and act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. However, numerous viruses have evolved evasion strategies against IFN responses, prompting the exploration of therapeutic alternatives for viral infections. Within the type I IFN family, 12 IFNα subtypes exist, all binding to the same receptor but displaying significant variations in their biological activities. Currently, clinical treatments for chronic virus infections predominantly rely on a single IFNα subtype (IFNα2a/b). However, the efficacy of this therapeutic treatment is relatively limited, particularly in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Recent investigations have delved into alternative IFNα subtypes, identifying certain subtypes as highly potent, and their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have been extensively characterized. This review consolidates recent findings on the roles of individual IFNα subtypes during HIV and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infections. It encompasses their induction in the context of HIV/SIV infection, their antiretroviral activity, and the diverse regulation of the immune response against HIV by distinct IFNα subtypes. These insights may pave the way for innovative strategies in HIV cure or functional cure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.K.); (U.D.)
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-Associated Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martha Ingola
- Medical Proteome Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medical Proteome Center, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (M.I.); (B.S.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.K.); (U.D.)
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-Associated Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.K.); (U.D.)
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-Associated Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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3
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Wilk AJ, Marceau JO, Kazer SW, Fleming I, Miao VN, Galvez-Reyes J, Kimata JT, Shalek AK, Holmes S, Overbaugh J, Blish CA. Pro-inflammatory feedback loops define immune responses to pathogenic Lentivirus infection. Genome Med 2024; 16:24. [PMID: 38317183 PMCID: PMC10840164 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes chronic inflammation and AIDS in humans, with variable rates of disease progression between individuals driven by both host and viral factors. Similarly, simian lentiviruses vary in their pathogenicity based on characteristics of both the host species and the virus strain, yet the immune underpinnings that drive differential Lentivirus pathogenicity remain incompletely understood. METHODS We profile immune responses in a unique model of differential lentiviral pathogenicity where pig-tailed macaques are infected with highly genetically similar variants of SIV that differ in virulence. We apply longitudinal single-cell transcriptomics to this cohort, along with single-cell resolution cell-cell communication techniques, to understand the immune mechanisms underlying lentiviral pathogenicity. RESULTS Compared to a minimally pathogenic lentiviral variant, infection with a highly pathogenic variant results in a more delayed, broad, and sustained activation of inflammatory pathways, including an extensive global interferon signature. Conversely, individual cells infected with highly pathogenic Lentivirus upregulated fewer interferon-stimulated genes at a lower magnitude, indicating that highly pathogenic Lentivirus has evolved to partially escape from interferon responses. Further, we identify CXCL10 and CXCL16 as important molecular drivers of inflammatory pathways specifically in response to highly pathogenic Lentivirus infection. Immune responses to highly pathogenic Lentivirus infection are characterized by amplifying regulatory circuits of pro-inflammatory cytokines with dense longitudinal connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Our work presents a model of lentiviral pathogenicity where failures in early viral control mechanisms lead to delayed, sustained, and amplifying pro-inflammatory circuits, which in turn drives disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Wilk
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joshua O Marceau
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Samuel W Kazer
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Vincent N Miao
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennyfer Galvez-Reyes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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4
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Chowdhury S, Latham KA, Tran AC, Carroll CJ, Stanton RJ, Weekes MP, Neil SJD, Swanson CM, Strang BL. Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by interferon alpha can involve multiple anti-viral factors. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001929. [PMID: 38063292 PMCID: PMC10770924 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortcomings of current direct-acting anti-viral therapy against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has led to interest in host-directed therapy. Here we re-examine the use of interferon proteins to inhibit HCMV replication utilizing both high and low passage strains of HCMV. Pre-treatment of cells with interferon alpha (IFNα) was required for robust and prolonged inhibition of both low and high passage HCMV strains, with no obvious toxicity, and was associated with an increased anti-viral state in HCMV-infected cells. Pre-treatment of cells with IFNα led to poor expression of HCMV immediate-early proteins from both high and low passage strains, which was associated with the presence of the anti-viral factor SUMO-PML. Inhibition of HCMV replication in the presence of IFNα involving ZAP proteins was HCMV strain-dependent, wherein a high passage HCMV strain was obviously restricted by ZAP and a low passage strain was not. This suggested that strain-specific combinations of anti-viral factors were involved in inhibition of HCMV replication in the presence of IFNα. Overall, this work further supports the development of strategies involving IFNα that may be useful to inhibit HCMV replication and highlights the complexity of the anti-viral response to HCMV in the presence of IFNα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabab Chowdhury
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Katie A. Latham
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Andy C. Tran
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J. Carroll
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Sciences, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael P. Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chad M. Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Blair L. Strang
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
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5
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Li Y, Ji Y, Li F. A review: Mechanism and prospect of gastrodin in prevention and treatment of T2DM and COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21218. [PMID: 37954278 PMCID: PMC10637887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin is an extract from the dried tuber of the Chinese herb Gastrodia elata (Tian ma), with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Recent studies have shown that, compared to commonly used diabetes drugs, gastrodin has antidiabetic effects in multiple ways, with characteristics of low cost, high safety, less side effects, protection of β-cell function, relieving insulin resistance and alleviating multiple complications. In addition, it is confirmed that gastrodin can protect the function of lung and other organs, enhance antiviral activity via upregulating the type I interferon (IFN-I), and inhibit angiotensin II (AngII), a key factor in "cytokine storm" caused by COVID-19. Therefore, we reviewed the effect and mechanism of gastrodin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and speculated other potential mechanisms of gastrodin in alleviating insulin resistance from insulin signal pathway, inflammation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum and its potential in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We hope to provide new direction and treatment strategy for basic research and clinical work: gastrodin is considered as a drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Viox EG, Hoang TN, Upadhyay AA, Nchioua R, Hirschenberger M, Strongin Z, Tharp GK, Pino M, Nguyen K, Harper JL, Gagne M, Marciano S, Boddapati AK, Pellegrini KL, Pradhan A, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Karunakaran KA, Roy M, Kirejczyk S, Curran EH, Wallace C, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Voigt EA, Monaco CM, Gordon DE, Kasturi SP, Levit RD, Gale M, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G, Busman-Sahay K, Estes JD, Vaccari M, Douek DC, Sparrer KMJ, Johnson RP, Kirchhoff F, Schreiber G, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0033. [PMID: 37506197 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are critical mediators of innate control of viral infections but also drive the recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe coronavirus disease 2019. Here, IFN-I signaling was modulated in rhesus macaques (RMs) before and during acute SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection using a mutated IFN-α2 (IFN-modulator; IFNmod), which has previously been shown to reduce the binding and signaling of endogenous IFN-I. IFNmod treatment in uninfected RMs was observed to induce a modest up-regulation of only antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); however, in SARS-CoV-2-infected RMs, IFNmod reduced both antiviral and inflammatory ISGs. IFNmod treatment resulted in a potent reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral loads both in vitro in Calu-3 cells and in vivo in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), upper airways, lung, and hilar lymph nodes of RMs. Furthermore, in SARS-CoV-2-infected RMs, IFNmod treatment potently reduced inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and CD163+ MRC1- inflammatory macrophages in BAL and expression of Siglec-1 on circulating monocytes. In the lung, IFNmod also reduced pathogenesis and attenuated pathways of inflammasome activation and stress response during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using an intervention targeting both IFN-α and IFN-β pathways, this study shows that, whereas early IFN-I restrains SARS-CoV-2 replication, uncontrolled IFN-I signaling critically contributes to SARS-CoV-2 inflammation and pathogenesis in the moderate disease model of RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Timothy N Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Justin L Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shir Marciano
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Arpan Pradhan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kirti A Karunakaran
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Melissa Roy
- Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth H Curran
- Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chelsea Wallace
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Emily A Voigt
- RNA Vaccines Group, Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Christopher M Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David E Gordon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sudhir P Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - R Paul Johnson
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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7
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Ji Y, Liu D, Zhu H, Bao L, Chang R, Gao X, Yin J. Unstructured Polypeptides as a Versatile Drug Delivery Technology. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:74-93. [PMID: 37075961 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Although polyethylene glycol (PEG), or "PEGylation" has become a widely applied approach for improving the efficiency of drug delivery, the immunogenicity and non-biodegradability of this synthetic polymer have prompted an evident need for alternatives. To overcome these caveats and to mimic PEG -or other natural or synthetic polymers- for the purpose of drug half-life extension, unstructured polypeptides are designed. Due to their tunable length, biodegradability, low immunogenicity and easy production, unstructured polypeptides have the potential to replace PEG as the preferred technology for therapeutic protein/peptide delivery. This review provides an overview of the evolution of unstructured polypeptides, starting from natural polypeptides to engineered polypeptides and discusses their characteristics. Then, it is described that unstructured polypeptides have been successfully applied to numerous drugs, including peptides, proteins, antibody fragments, and nanocarriers, for half-life extension. Innovative applications of unstructured peptides as releasable masks, multimolecular adaptors and intracellular delivery carriers are also discussed. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of this promising field are briefly presented. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Polypeptide fusion technology simulating PEGylation has become an important topic for the development of long-circulating peptide or protein drugs without reduced activity, complex processes, and kidney injury caused by PEG modification. Here we provide a detailed and in-depth review of the recent advances in unstructured polypeptides. In addition to the application of enhanced pharmacokinetic performance, emphasis is placed on polypeptides as scaffolders for the delivery of multiple drugs, and on the preparation of reasonably designed polypeptides to manipulate the performance of proteins and peptides. This review will provide insight into future application of polypeptides in peptide or protein drug development and the design of novel functional polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haichao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lichen Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruilong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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8
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Kalita E, Panda M, Rao A, Prajapati VK. Exploring the role of secretory proteins in the human infectious diseases diagnosis and therapeutics. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:231-269. [PMID: 36707203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretory proteins are playing important role during the host-pathogen interaction to develop the infection or protection into the cell. Pathogens developing infectious disease to human being are taken up by host macrophages or number of immune cells, play an important role in physiological, developmental and immunological function. At the same time, infectious agents are also secreting various proteins to neutralize the resistance caused by host cells and also helping the pathogens to develop the infection. Secretory proteins (secretome) are only developed at the time of host-pathogen interaction, therefore they become very important to develop the targeted and potential therapeutic strategies. Pathogen specific secretory proteins released during interaction with host cell provide opportunity to develop point of care and rapid diagnostic kits. Proteins secreted by pathogens at the time of interaction with host cell have also been found as immunogenic in nature and numbers of vaccines have been developed to control the spread of human infectious diseases. This chapter highlights the importance of secretory proteins in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to fight against human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Kalita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mamta Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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9
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Friedrich L, Kikuchi Y, Matsuda Y, Binder U, Skerra A. Efficient secretory production of proline/alanine/serine (PAS) biopolymers in Corynebacterium glutamicum yielding a monodisperse biological alternative to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:227. [PMID: 36307781 PMCID: PMC9616612 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PAS biopolymers are recombinant polypeptides comprising the small uncharged l-amino acids Pro, Ala and/or Ser which resemble the widely used poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) in terms of pronounced hydrophilicity. Likewise, their random chain behaviour in physiological solution results in a strongly expanded hydrodynamic volume. Thus, apart from their use as fusion partner for biopharmaceuticals to achieve prolonged half-life in vivo, PAS biopolymers appear attractive as substitute for PEG—or other poorly degradable chemical polymers—in many areas. As a prerequisite for the wide application of PAS biopolymers at affordable cost, we have established their highly efficient biotechnological production in Corynebacterium glutamicum serving as a well characterized bacterial host organism. Results Using the CspA signal sequence, we have secreted two representative PAS biopolymers as polypeptides with ~ 600 and ~ 1200 amino acid residues, respectively. Both PAS biopolymers were purified from the culture supernatant by means of a simple downstream process in a truly monodisperse state as evidenced by ESI–MS. Yields after purification were up to ≥ 4 g per liter culture, with potential for further increase by strain optimization as well as fermentation and bioprocess development. Beyond direct application as hydrocolloids or to exploit their rheological properties, such PAS biopolymers are suitable for site-specific chemical conjugation with pharmacologically active molecules via their unique terminal amino or carboxyl groups. To enable the specific activation of the carboxylate, without interference by the free amino group, we generated a blocked N-terminus for the PAS(1200) polypeptide simply by introducing an N-terminal Gln residue which, after processing of the signal peptide, was cyclised to a chemically inert pyroglutamyl group upon acid treatment. The fact that PAS biopolymers are genetically encoded offers further conjugation strategies via incorporation of amino acids with reactive side chains (e.g., Cys, Lys, Glu/Asp) at defined positions. Conclusions Our new PAS expression platform using Corynex® technology opens the way to applications of PASylation® technology in multiple areas such as the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Friedrich
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 30, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Y Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - U Binder
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 30, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - A Skerra
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 30, 85354, Freising, Germany. .,Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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10
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Hoang TN, Viox EG, Upadhyay AA, Strongin Z, Tharp GK, Pino M, Nchioua R, Hirschenberger M, Gagne M, Nguyen K, Harper JL, Marciano S, Boddapati AK, Pellegrini KL, Tisoncik-Go J, Whitmore LS, Karunakaran KA, Roy M, Kirejczyk S, Curran EH, Wallace C, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Kasturi SP, Levit RD, Gale M, Vanderford TH, Silvestri G, Busman-Sahay K, Estes JD, Vaccari M, Douek DC, Sparrer KM, Kirchhoff F, Johnson RP, Schreiber G, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.10.21.512606. [PMID: 36324810 PMCID: PMC9628196 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.21.512606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are critical mediators of innate control of viral infections, but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, and for the first time, IFN-I signaling was modulated in rhesus macaques (RMs) prior to and during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using a mutated IFNα2 (IFN-modulator; IFNmod), which has previously been shown to reduce the binding and signaling of endogenous IFN-I. In SARS-CoV-2-infected RMs, IFNmod reduced both antiviral and inflammatory ISGs. Notably, IFNmod treatment resulted in a potent reduction in (i) SARS-CoV-2 viral load in Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), upper airways, lung, and hilar lymph nodes; (ii) inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and CD163+MRC1-inflammatory macrophages in BAL; and (iii) expression of Siglec-1, which enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection and predicts disease severity, on circulating monocytes. In the lung, IFNmod also reduced pathogenesis and attenuated pathways of inflammasome activation and stress response during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study, using an intervention targeting both IFN-α and IFN-β pathways, shows that excessive inflammation driven by type 1 IFN critically contributes to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in RMs, and demonstrates the potential of IFNmod to limit viral replication, SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, and COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Justin L. Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shir Marciano
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Arun K. Boddapati
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Pellegrini
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and the Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leanne S. Whitmore
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and the Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kirti A. Karunakaran
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Melissa Roy
- Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Curran
- Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chelsea Wallace
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sudhir P. Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and the Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas H. Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Paul Johnson
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Correspondence to: (M.P; Lead Contact); (S.E.B.)
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Division of Pathology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Correspondence to: (M.P; Lead Contact); (S.E.B.)
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11
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Karakoese Z, Schwerdtfeger M, Karsten CB, Esser S, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Distinct Type I Interferon Subtypes Differentially Stimulate T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936918. [PMID: 35911692 PMCID: PMC9326074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of type I interferons (IFNs) is one of the immediate host responses during most viral infections. The type I IFN family consists of numerous highly conserved IFNα subtypes, IFNβ, and some others. Although these IFNα subtypes were initially believed to act interchangeably, their discrete biological properties are nowadays widely accepted. Subtype-specific antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-proliferative activities were reported explained by differences in receptor affinity, downstream signaling events, and individual IFN-stimulated gene expression patterns. Type I IFNs and increased IFN signatures potentially linked to hyperimmune activation of T cells are critically discussed for chronic HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Here, we aimed to analyze the broad immunological effects of specific type I IFN subtypes (IFNα2, IFNα14, and IFNβ) on T and NK cell subsets during HIV-1 infection in vitro and ex vivo. Stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ significantly increased frequencies of degranulating (CD107a+) gut-derived CD4+ T cells and blood-derived T and NK cells. However, frequencies of IFNγ-expressing T cells were strongly reduced after stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ. Phosphorylation of downstream molecules was not only IFN subtype-specific; also, significant differences in STAT5 phosphorylation were observed in both healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMCs of HIV-infected individuals, but this effect was less pronounced in healthy gut-derived lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs), assuming cell and tissue specific discrepancies. In conclusion, we observed distinct type I IFN subtype-specific potencies in stimulating T and NK cell responses during HIV-1-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mara Schwerdtfeger
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina B. Karsten
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
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12
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Liu X, Lin L, Lv T, Lu L, Li X, Han Y, Qiu Z, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. Combined multi-omics and network pharmacology approach reveals the role of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in treating HIV immunological non-responders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154103. [PMID: 35468451 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV-1 infected immunological non-responders (INRs) are characterized by poor immune reconstitution after long-term treatment. Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) pill is a traditional Chinese patent drug with extensive immunosuppressive effects and has been clinically proven efficacy in treating INRs. PURPOSE The therapeutic mechanism of TwHF pills in the treatment of INRs was investigated by the combined multi-omics analysis on clinical samples and network pharmacology approach. METHODS Clinically, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples of TwHF-treated INRs from different time points were collected to conduct the transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Key effector pathways of TwHF were enriched and analyzed by the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Computationally, the TwHF-related compounds were obtained from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and literature search and structural prediction were performed to identify TwHF-related targets. Integrated with the INR-related targets, the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network was constructed to analyze core effector targets by centrality measurement. Experimentally, the effects of TwHF compounds on the T cells activation and expression of identified targets were evaluated with in vitro cell culture. RESULTS 33 INRs were included and treated with TwHF pills for 17 (IQR, 12-24) months. These patients experienced rapid growth in the CD4+ T cell counts and decreased T cell activation. The multi-omics analysis showed that the interferon (IFN)-signaling pathway was significantly inhibited after taking TwHF pills. The network pharmacology predicted the central role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network. Further bioinformatic analysis predicted STAT1 would regulate over 58.8% of identified down-regulated genes. Cell experiments validated that triptolide (TPL) would serve as the major bioactivity compound of TwHF pills to inhibit the immune cell activation, the production of IFN-γ, the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and the phosphorylation of STAT1. CONCLUSION Our research is the first to systemic verify the mechanisms of TwHF in treating INRs. The IFN signaling pathway and the STAT1 would be the major effector targets of TwHF pills in treating INRs. The TPL would be the major bioactive compound to inhibit the IFN response and the phosphorylation of STAT1. Our observations suggest the basis for further application of TPL analogous in treating INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxia Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Lv T, Cao W, Xue J, Wei Q, Qiu Z, Han Y, Li T. Therapeutic effect of (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) in SIV infected rhesus monkeys. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108932. [PMID: 35716483 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections induce robust, generalized inflammatory responses and lead to pathological systemic immune activation. This abnormal immune status persists despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Immune modulating strategies in conjunction with ART were tried to reduce abnormal immune activation. Previously, we demonstrated that Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F has been shown immunosuppressive activity in HIV patients. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a new analog of triptolide, and the most active ingredient of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F, has been shown to have lower cytotoxicity. However, the role of LLDT-8 in HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) needs to be explored. METHODS Six male adult Chinese rhesus monkeys were enrolled in our study. All of them were healthy and negative for SIV, and chronically SIVmac239 infected macaques were treated with LLDT-8 combined with ART (n = 4) or ART only (n = 2) after 14 weeks of infection. ART was determined at week 33, and LLDT-8 was continued until week 48. T cell immune activation and inflammation were compared during the period, and viral rebound time and reservoir were supervised after stopping ART. RESULTS The RNA level of the two groups continued to decline after initiating ART, RNA of 4 rhesus monkeys declined to the lower limit of detection at week 20. LLDT-8 administration combined with ART did not affect T cell activation and plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP. The viral load of all the macaques in both groups was rebounded 2 weeks after ART discontinuation. Furthermore, no significant decrease of SIV DNA was observed in the LLDT-8 treatment group. CONCLUSIONS LLDT-8 administration during chronic SIV infection had no effect on T cell activation and plasma levels; Furthermore, LLDT-8 may not contribute to suppression of viral rebound and reservoir. These results suggest that LLDT-8 is unlikely to reduce immune activation and viral persistence without additional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxia Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Swainson LA, Sharma AA, Ghneim K, Ribeiro SP, Wilkinson P, Dunham RM, Albright RG, Wong S, Estes JD, Piatak M, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Sekaly RP, McCune JM. IFN-α blockade during ART-treated SIV infection lowers tissue vDNA, rescues immune function, and improves overall health. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153046. [PMID: 35104248 PMCID: PMC8983135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs (TI-IFNs) drive immune effector functions during acute viral infections and regulate cell cycling and systemic metabolism. That said, chronic TI-IFN signaling in the context of HIV infection treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) also facilitates viral persistence, in part by promoting immunosuppressive responses and CD8+ T cell exhaustion. To determine whether inhibition of IFN-α might provide benefit in the setting of chronic, ART-treated SIV infection of rhesus macaques, we administered an anti-IFN-α antibody followed by an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). IFN-α blockade was well-tolerated and associated with lower expression of TI-IFN-inducible genes (including those that are antiviral) and reduced tissue viral DNA (vDNA). The reduction in vDNA was further accompanied by higher innate proinflammatory plasma cytokines, expression of monocyte activation genes, IL-12-induced effector CD8+ T cell genes, increased heme/metabolic activity, and lower plasma TGF-β levels. Upon ATI, SIV-infected, ART-suppressed nonhuman primates treated with anti-IFN-α displayed lower levels of weight loss and improved erythroid function relative to untreated controls. Overall, these data demonstrated that IFN-α blockade during ART-treated SIV infection was safe and associated with the induction of immune/erythroid pathways that reduced viral persistence during ART while mitigating the weight loss and anemia that typically ensue after ART interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Swainson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashish Arunkumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M. Dunham
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca G. Albright
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samson Wong
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,HIV Frontiers/Global Health Innovative Technology Solutions, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Reno TA, Tarnus L, Tracy R, Landay AL, Sereti I, Apetrei C, Pandrea I. The Youngbloods. Get Together. Hypercoagulation, Complement, and NET Formation in HIV/SIV Pathogenesis. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.795373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, systemic T-cell immune activation and inflammation (IA/INFL) have been reported to be associated with disease progression in persons with HIV (PWH) since the inception of the AIDS pandemic. IA/INFL persist in PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART), despite complete viral suppression and increases their susceptibility to serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs). Increased IA/INFL also occur during pathogenic SIV infections of macaques, while natural hosts of SIVs that control chronic IA/INFL do not progress to AIDS, despite having persistent high viral replication and severe acute CD4+ T-cell loss. Moreover, natural hosts of SIVs do not present with SNAEs. Multiple mechanisms drive HIV-associated IA/INFL, including the virus itself, persistent gut dysfunction, coinfections (CMV, HCV, HBV), proinflammatory lipids, ART toxicity, comorbidities, and behavioral factors (diet, smoking, and alcohol). Other mechanisms could also significantly contribute to IA/INFL during HIV/SIV infection, notably, a hypercoagulable state, characterized by elevated coagulation biomarkers, including D-dimer and tissue factor, which can accurately identify patients at risk for thromboembolic events and death. Coagulation biomarkers strongly correlate with INFL and predict the risk of SNAE-induced end-organ damage. Meanwhile, the complement system is also involved in the pathogenesis of HIV comorbidities. Despite prolonged viral suppression, PWH on ART have high plasma levels of C3a. HIV/SIV infections also trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation that contribute to the elimination of viral particles and infected CD4+ T-cells. However, as SIV infection progresses, generation of NETs can become excessive, fueling IA/INFL, destruction of multiple immune cells subsets, and microthrombotic events, contributing to further tissue damages and SNAEs. Tackling residual IA/INFL has the potential to improve the clinical course of HIV infection. Therefore, therapeutics targeting new pathways that can fuel IA/INFL such as hypercoagulation, complement activation and excessive formation of NETs might be beneficial for PWH and should be considered and evaluated.
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16
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Isnard S, Hatton EX, Iannetta M, Guillerme JB, Hosmalin A. Cell-Associated HIV Cross-Presentation by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Potentiated by Noncognate CD8 + T Cell Preactivation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:15-22. [PMID: 34183372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ secretion by Ag-specific T cells is known to be tightly regulated by engagement of the TCR. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) can cross-present Ags from apoptotic HIV-infected cells or tumor cells to CD8+ T cells. As pDC respond to HIV virions by maturing and secreting cytokines, we hypothesized that this might affect cross-presentation from HIV-infected cells. Purified blood DC were incubated with apoptotic HIV-infected H9 cells in the presence of saquinavir, after which the activation process of HIV-specific cloned CD8+ T cells was studied. IFN-γ secretion by HIV-specific T cells was stimulated by pDC and conventional DC (cDC1) more than by cDC2 and was strictly MHC class I restricted. Surprisingly, intracellular production of IFN-γ was only partly MHC class I restricted for pDC, indicating a noncognate CD8+ T cell activation. pDC, but not cDC, matured and secreted IFN-α in the presence of apoptotic H9HIV cells. A mixture of IFN-α, IFN-β, and TNF-α induced intracellular production of IFN-γ but not granzyme B, mimicking the noncognate mechanism. Neutralization of type I IFN signaling blocked noncognate intracellular production of IFN-γ. Moreover, cognate stimulation was required to induce IFN-γ secretion in addition to the cytokine mixture. Thus, IFN-γ secretion is tightly regulated by engagement of the TCR as expected, but in the context of virus-infected cells, pDC can trigger intracellular IFN-γ accumulation in CD8+ T cells, potentializing IFN-γ secretion once CD8+ T cells make cognate interactions. These findings may help manipulate type I IFN signaling to enhance specifically Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation against chronic infections or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Isnard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Etienne X Hatton
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
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17
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Lee MYH, Upadhyay AA, Walum H, Chan CN, Dawoud RA, Grech C, Harper JL, Karunakaran KA, Nelson SA, Mahar EA, Goss KL, Carnathan DG, Cervasi B, Gill K, Tharp GK, Wonderlich ER, Velu V, Barratt-Boyes SM, Paiardini M, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Bosinger SE. Tissue-specific transcriptional profiling of plasmacytoid dendritic cells reveals a hyperactivated state in chronic SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009674. [PMID: 34181694 PMCID: PMC8270445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV associated immune activation (IA) is associated with increased morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy, and remains a barrier for strategies aimed at reducing the HIV reservoir. The underlying mechanisms of IA have not been definitively elucidated, however, persistent production of Type I IFNs and expression of ISGs is considered to be one of the primary factors. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are a major producer of Type I IFN during viral infections, and are highly immunomodulatory in acute HIV and SIV infection, however their role in chronic HIV/SIV infection has not been firmly established. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic characterization of pDCs in chronic SIV infection in rhesus macaques, and in sooty mangabeys, a natural host non-human primate (NHP) species that undergoes non-pathogenic SIV infection. We also investigated the immunostimulatory capacity of lymph node homing pDCs in chronic SIV infection by contrasting gene expression of pDCs isolated from lymph nodes with those from blood. We observed that pDCs in LNs, but not blood, produced high levels of IFNα transcripts, and upregulated gene expression programs consistent with T cell activation and exhaustion. We apply a novel strategy to catalogue uncharacterized surface molecules on pDCs, and identified the lymphoid exhaustion markers TIGIT and LAIR1 as highly expressed in SIV infection. pDCs from SIV-infected sooty mangabeys lacked the activation profile of ISG signatures observed in infected macaques. These data demonstrate that pDCs are a primary producer of Type I IFN in chronic SIV infection. Further, this study demonstrated that pDCs trafficking to LNs persist in a highly activated state well into chronic infection. Collectively, these data identify pDCs as a highly immunomodulatory cell population in chronic SIV infection, and a putative therapeutic target to reduce immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y.-H. Lee
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hasse Walum
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chi N. Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Reem A. Dawoud
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christine Grech
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Harper
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kirti A. Karunakaran
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sydney A. Nelson
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ernestine A. Mahar
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kyndal L. Goss
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Barbara Cervasi
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kiran Gill
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zhou Y, Li M, Lv T, Huang M, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Zhu J. Gastrodin Inhibits Virus Infection by Promoting the Production of Type I Interferon. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608707. [PMID: 33776755 PMCID: PMC7990098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the antiviral immune response. However, viruses have developed different strategies to suppress the production of IFN-I for its own escape and amplification. Therefore, promoting the production of IFN-I is an effective strategy against virus infection. Gastrodin (GTD), a phenolic glucoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, has been reported to play a protective role in some central nervous system -related diseases and is beneficial for the recovery of diseases by inhibiting inflammation. However, the effect of GTD on virus infection is largely unknown. Here we found GTD treatment increased the survival rate of mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). The production of IFN-I was increased in GTD-treated mice or macrophages compared to the control group, during virus infection. Furthermore, the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) was promoted by GTD in macrophages upon VSV and HSV-1 infection. Our results demonstrated that GTD could inhibit the VSV and HSV-1 infection by promoting the production of IFN-I in macrophages and might provide an effective strategy against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyi Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Huang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Cheng
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Hoang TN, Pino M, Boddapati AK, Viox EG, Starke CE, Upadhyay AA, Gumber S, Nekorchuk M, Busman-Sahay K, Strongin Z, Harper JL, Tharp GK, Pellegrini KL, Kirejczyk S, Zandi K, Tao S, Horton TR, Beagle EN, Mahar EA, Lee MY, Cohen J, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Stammen RL, Delmas OM, Wang S, Cooney KA, Sayegh MN, Wang L, Filev PD, Weiskopf D, Silvestri G, Waggoner J, Piantadosi A, Kasturi SP, Al-Shakhshir H, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Levit RD, Estes JD, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Baricitinib treatment resolves lower-airway macrophage inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Cell 2021; 184:460-475.e21. [PMID: 33278358 PMCID: PMC7654323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-induced hypercytokinemia and inflammation are critically associated with COVID-19 severity. Baricitinib, a clinically approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is currently being investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials. Here, we investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral shedding measured from nasal and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavages, and tissues was not reduced with baricitinib. Type I interferon (IFN) antiviral responses and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses remained similar between the two groups. Animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced inflammation, decreased lung infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. Importantly, baricitinib-treated animals had a rapid and remarkably potent suppression of lung macrophage production of cytokines and chemokines responsible for inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. These data support a beneficial role for, and elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying, the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Arun K. Boddapati
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Carly E. Starke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Justin L. Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Pellegrini
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sijia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tristan R. Horton
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Beagle
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ernestine A. Mahar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle Y.H. Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sherrie M. Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rachelle L. Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Olivia M. Delmas
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Cooney
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael N. Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peter D. Filev
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sudhir P. Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafick P. Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Thomas H. Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
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20
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Binder U, Skerra A. PASylated Thymosin α1: A Long-Acting Immunostimulatory Peptide for Applications in Oncology and Virology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010124. [PMID: 33374407 PMCID: PMC7795856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is an immunostimulatory peptide for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and used as an immune enhancer, which also offers prospects in the context of COVID-19 infections and cancer. Manufacturing of this N-terminally acetylated 28-residue peptide is demanding, and its short plasma half-life limits in vivo efficacy and requires frequent dosing. Here, we combined the PASylation technology with enzymatic in situ N-acetylation by RimJ to produce a long-acting version of Tα1 in Escherichia coli at high yield. ESI-MS analysis of the purified fusion protein indicated the expected composition without any signs of proteolysis. SEC analysis revealed a 10-fold expanded hydrodynamic volume resulting from the fusion with a conformationally disordered Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) polypeptide of 600 residues. This size effect led to a plasma half-life in rats extended by more than a factor 8 compared to the original synthetic peptide due to retarded kidney filtration. Our study provides the basis for therapeutic development of a next generation thymosin α1 with prolonged circulation. Generally, the strategy of producing an N-terminally protected PASylated peptide solves three major problems of peptide drugs: (i) instability in the expression host, (ii) rapid degradation by serum exopeptidases, and (iii) low bioactivity because of fast renal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Binder
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.B.); (A.S.)
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21
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Pham TNQ, Meziane O, Miah MA, Volodina O, Colas C, Béland K, Li Y, Dallaire F, Keler T, Guimond JV, Lesage S, Cheong C, Haddad É, Cohen ÉA. Flt3L-Mediated Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Suppresses HIV Infection in Humanized Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2770-2782.e5. [PMID: 31775044 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (plasmacytoid DC, pDC) are major IFN-I producers and have been shown to be affected by HIV through ill-defined mechanisms. In this study, we directly assess the role of pDC in early infection, evaluating whether modulating their abundance can alter viral replication. First, HIV infection of humanized mice induces systemic depletion of pDC, and in the presence of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), pDC levels remain elevated. Flt3L significantly delays the onset of viremia and reduces viral replication via a process that is dependent on pDC and mediated through an enhanced early IFN-I response. pDC from Flt3L-treated mice are more prone to express IFN-α following TLR7 stimulation, but this propensity is gradually decreased during infection. In conclusion, maintaining pDC levels and function is key to effective early viral control, and in this context, these findings provide practical insights for anti-HIV strategies and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram N Q Pham
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Oussama Meziane
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Alam Miah
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Olga Volodina
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Chloé Colas
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Kathie Béland
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Jean V Guimond
- Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux Jeanne-Mance, Montreal, QC H2T 1H4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Élie Haddad
- Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Éric A Cohen
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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22
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Guo K, Shen G, Kibbie J, Gonzalez T, Dillon SM, Smith HA, Cooper EH, Lavender K, Hasenkrug KJ, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Kroehl M, Kechris K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. Qualitative Differences Between the IFNα subtypes and IFNβ Influence Chronic Mucosal HIV-1 Pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008986. [PMID: 33064743 PMCID: PMC7592919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type I Interferons (IFN-Is) are innate antiviral cytokines that include 12 different IFNα subtypes and IFNβ that signal through the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR), inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that comprise the 'interferome'. Quantitative differences in IFNAR binding correlate with antiviral activity, but whether IFN-Is exhibit qualitative differences remains controversial. Moreover, the IFN-I response is protective during acute HIV-1 infection, but likely pathogenic during the chronic stages. To gain a deeper understanding of the IFN-I response, we compared the interferomes of IFNα subtypes dominantly-expressed in HIV-1-exposed plasmacytoid dendritic cells (1, 2, 5, 8 and 14) and IFNβ in the earliest cellular targets of HIV-1 infection. Primary gut CD4 T cells from 3 donors were treated for 18 hours ex vivo with individual IFN-Is normalized for IFNAR signaling strength. Of 1,969 IFN-regulated genes, 246 'core ISGs' were induced by all IFN-Is tested. However, many IFN-regulated genes were not shared between the IFNα subtypes despite similar induction of canonical antiviral ISGs such as ISG15, RSAD2 and MX1, formally demonstrating qualitative differences between the IFNα subtypes. Notably, IFNβ induced a broader interferome than the individual IFNα subtypes. Since IFNβ, and not IFNα, is upregulated during chronic HIV-1 infection in the gut, we compared core ISGs and IFNβ-specific ISGs from colon pinch biopsies of HIV-1-uninfected (n = 13) versus age- and gender-matched, antiretroviral-therapy naïve persons with HIV-1 (PWH; n = 19). Core ISGs linked to inflammation, T cell activation and immune exhaustion were elevated in PWH, positively correlated with plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and gut IFNβ levels, and negatively correlated with gut CD4 T cell frequencies. In sharp contrast, IFNβ-specific ISGs linked to protein translation and anti-inflammatory responses were significantly downregulated in PWH, negatively correlated with gut IFNβ and LPS, and positively correlated with plasma IL6 and gut CD4 T cell frequencies. Our findings reveal qualitative differences in interferome induction by diverse IFN-Is and suggest potential mechanisms for how IFNβ may drive HIV-1 pathogenesis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Guannan Shen
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Jon Kibbie
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Tania Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Harry A. Smith
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Emily H. Cooper
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kerry Lavender
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisberg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisberg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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23
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Hoang TN, Pino M, Boddapati AK, Viox EG, Starke CE, Upadhyay AA, Gumber S, Busman-Sahay K, Strongin Z, Harper JL, Tharp GK, Pellegrini KL, Kirejczyk S, Zandi K, Tao S, Horton TR, Beagle EN, Mahar EA, Lee MY, Cohen J, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Stammen RL, Delmas OM, Wang S, Cooney KA, Sayegh MN, Wang L, Weiskopf D, Filev PD, Waggoner J, Piantadosi A, Kasturi SP, Al-Shakhshir H, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Levit RD, Estes JD, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Baricitinib treatment resolves lower airway inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.09.16.300277. [PMID: 32995780 PMCID: PMC7523106 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.16.300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutics aimed at mitigating COVID-19 symptoms are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 induced hypercytokinemia and systemic inflammation are associated with disease severity. Baricitinib, a clinically approved JAK1/2 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory properties is currently being investigated in COVID-19 human clinical trials. Recent reports suggest that baricitinib may also have antiviral activity in limiting viral endocytosis. Here, we investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral shedding measured from nasal and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavages and tissues was not reduced with baricitinib. Type I IFN antiviral responses and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses remained similar between the two groups. Importantly, however, animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced immune activation, decreased infiltration of neutrophils into the lung, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. Moreover, baricitinib treated animals had a rapid and remarkably potent suppression of alveolar macrophage derived production of cytokines and chemokines responsible for inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. These data support a beneficial role for, and elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying, the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for severe inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elise G Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carly E Starke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin L Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sijia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tristan R Horton
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Beagle
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ernestine A Mahar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Yh Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sherrie M Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachelle L Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Olivia M Delmas
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly A Cooney
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael N Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter D Filev
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sudhir P Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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24
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Giovannoni F, Bosch I, Polonio CM, Torti MF, Wheeler MA, Li Z, Romorini L, Rodriguez Varela MS, Rothhammer V, Barroso A, Tjon EC, Sanmarco LM, Takenaka MC, Modaresi SMS, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Zanluqui NG, Dos Santos NB, Munhoz CD, Wang Z, Damonte EB, Sherr D, Gehrke L, Peron JPS, Garcia CC, Quintana FJ. AHR is a Zika virus host factor and a candidate target for antiviral therapy. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:939-951. [PMID: 32690969 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus linked to multiple birth defects including microcephaly, known as congenital ZIKV syndrome. The identification of host factors involved in ZIKV replication may guide efficacious therapeutic interventions. In genome-wide transcriptional studies, we found that ZIKV infection triggers aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation. Specifically, ZIKV infection induces kynurenine (Kyn) production, which activates AHR, limiting the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) involved in antiviral immunity. Moreover, ZIKV-triggered AHR activation suppresses intrinsic immunity driven by the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, which limits ZIKV replication. AHR inhibition suppressed the replication of multiple ZIKV strains in vitro and also suppressed replication of the related flavivirus dengue. Finally, AHR inhibition with a nanoparticle-delivered AHR antagonist or an inhibitor developed for human use limited ZIKV replication and ameliorated newborn microcephaly in a murine model. In summary, we identified AHR as a host factor for ZIKV replication and PML protein as a driver of anti-ZIKV intrinsic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Manganeli Polonio
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department-ICB IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María F Torti
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Rodriguez Varela
- Laboratorio de Investigación aplicada a Neurociencias, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreia Barroso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily C Tjon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maisa C Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nágela Ghabdan Zanluqui
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Dept. of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Sherr
- Dept. of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department-ICB IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cybele C Garcia
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET-Instituto de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Cheng L, Yu H, Wrobel JA, Li G, Liu P, Hu Z, Xu XN, Su L. Identification of pathogenic TRAIL-expressing innate immune cells during HIV-1 infection in humanized mice by scRNA-Seq. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135344. [PMID: 32406872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection is mostly mediated by inflammatory cells via indirect but not clearly defined mechanisms. In this report, we used single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) technology to study HIV-induced transcriptomic change in innate immune cells in lymphoid organs. We performed scRNA-Seq on hCD45+hCD3-hCD19- human leukocytes isolated from spleens of humanized NOD/Rag2-/-γc-/- (NRG) mice transplanted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (NRG-hu HSC mice). We identified major populations of innate immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), macrophages, NK cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). HIV-1 infection significantly upregulated genes involved in type I IFN inflammatory pathways in each of the innate immune subsets. Interestingly, we found that TRAIL was upregulated in the innate immune populations, including pDCs, mDCs, macrophages, NK cells, and ILCs. We further demonstrated that blockade of the TRAIL signaling pathway in NRG-hu HSC mice prevented HIV-1-induced CD4+ T cell depletion in vivo. In summary, we characterized HIV-induced transcriptomic changes of innate immune cells in the spleen at single-cell levels, identified the TRAIL+ innate immune cells, and defined an important role of the TRAIL signaling pathway in HIV-1-induced CD4+ T cell depletion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine of Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peng Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Xiao-Ning Xu
- Department of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lishan Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Pathogenic Role of Type I Interferons in HIV-Induced Immune Impairments in Humanized Mice. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 16:224-229. [PMID: 31055732 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent findings on the critical pathogenic role of type 1 interferons (IFN-I) in HIV-1 persistence in humanized mice suggest that inhibiting IFN-I signaling transiently will reverse HIV-induced inflammatory diseases and rescue anti-HIV immunity to control HIV-1 reservoirs. RECENT FINDINGS In both humanized mice and in monkeys, IFN-I signaling is functionally defined to play an important role in suppressing early HIV-1 and SIV infection. During persistent infection in humanized mice, however, IFN-I signaling is revealed to induce T cell depletion and impairment. Interestingly, in HIV-infected mice with effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), blocking IFN-I signaling reverses HIV-induced inflammation, rescues anti-HIV T cells, and reduces HIV-1 reservoirs. These findings functionally define the role of IFN-I in HIV-1 reservoir persistence and suggest that blocking IFN-I signaling will provide a novel therapeutic strategy to (i) reverse inflammation-associated diseases in HIV patients under cART, (ii) rescue host anti-HIV immunity, and (iii) reduce or control HIV-1 reservoirs.
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27
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Prévost J, Edgar CR, Richard J, Trothen SM, Jacob RA, Mumby MJ, Pickering S, Dubé M, Kaufmann DE, Kirchhoff F, Neil SJD, Finzi A, Dikeakos JD. HIV-1 Vpu Downregulates Tim-3 from the Surface of Infected CD4 + T Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:e01999-19. [PMID: 31941771 PMCID: PMC7081912 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01999-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with other immune checkpoints, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is expressed on exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and is upregulated on the surface of these cells upon infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Recent reports have suggested an antiviral role for Tim-3. However, the molecular determinants of HIV-1 which modulate cell surface Tim-3 levels have yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpu downregulates Tim-3 from the surface of infected primary CD4+ T cells, thus attenuating HIV-1-induced upregulation of Tim-3. We also provide evidence that the transmembrane domain of Vpu is required for Tim-3 downregulation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we determined that Vpu is in close proximity to Tim-3 and alters its subcellular localization by directing it to Rab 5-positive (Rab 5+) vesicles and targeting it for sequestration within the trans- Golgi network (TGN). Intriguingly, Tim-3 knockdown and Tim-3 blockade increased HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T cells, thereby suggesting that Tim-3 expression might represent a natural immune mechanism limiting viral spread.IMPORTANCE HIV infection modulates the surface expression of Tim-3, but the molecular determinants remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HIV-1 Vpu downregulates Tim-3 from the surface of infected primary CD4+ T cells through its transmembrane domain and alters its subcellular localization. Tim-3 blockade increases HIV-1 replication, suggesting a potential negative role of this protein in viral spread that is counteracted by Vpu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra R Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven M Trothen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajesh Abraham Jacob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Mumby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Disease, King's College London School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stuart J D Neil
- Department of Infectious Disease, King's College London School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Powers NE, Swartzwelter B, Marchetti C, de Graaf DM, Lerchner A, Schlapschy M, Datar R, Binder U, Edwards CK, Skerra A, Dinarello CA. PASylation of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) retains IL-1 blockade and extends its duration in mouse urate crystal-induced peritonitis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:868-882. [PMID: 31819009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of inflammation and immunity. Naturally-occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) binds and blocks the IL-1 receptor-1 (IL-1R1), preventing signaling. Anakinra, a recombinant form of IL-1Ra, is used to treat a spectrum of inflammatory diseases. However, anakinra is rapidly cleared from the body and requires daily administration. To create a longer-lasting alternative, PASylated IL-1Ra (PAS-IL-1Ra) has been generated by in-frame fusion of a long, defined-length, N-terminal Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) random-coil polypeptide with IL-1Ra. Here, we compared the efficacy of two PAS-IL-1Ra molecules, PAS600-IL-1Ra and PAS800-IL-1Ra (carrying 600 and 800 PAS residues, respectively), with that of anakinra in mice. PAS600-IL-1Ra displayed markedly extended blood plasma levels 3 days post-administration, whereas anakinra was undetectable after 24 h. We also studied PAS600-IL-1Ra and PAS800-IL-1Ra for efficacy in monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced peritonitis. 5 days post-administration, PAS800-IL-1Ra significantly reduced leukocyte influx and inflammatory markers in MSU-induced peritonitis, whereas equimolar anakinra administered 24 h before MSU challenge was ineffective. The 6-h pretreatment with equimolar anakinra or PAS800-IL-1Ra before MSU challenge similarly reduced inflammatory markers. In cultured A549 lung carcinoma cells, anakinra, PAS600-IL-1Ra, and PAS800-IL-Ra reduced IL-1α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 levels with comparable potency. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, these molecules suppressed Candida albicans-induced production of the cancer-promoting cytokine IL-22. Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed significant binding between PAS-IL-1Ra and IL-1R1, although with a slightly lower affinity than anakinra. These results validate PAS-IL-1Ra as an active IL-1 antagonist with marked in vivo potency and a significantly extended half-life compared with anakinra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Powers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | - Carlo Marchetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Dennis M de Graaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Schlapschy
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rajiv Datar
- DNX Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
| | - Uli Binder
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Carl K Edwards
- DNX Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Powers NE, Swartzwelter B, Marchetti C, de Graaf DM, Lerchner A, Schlapschy M, Datar R, Binder U, Edwards CK, Skerra A, Dinarello CA. PASylation of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) retains IL-1 blockade and extends its duration in mouse urate crystal-induced peritonitis. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Zhou Y, Li M, Lv T, Huang M, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Zhu J. Gastrodin Inhibits Virus Infection by Promoting the Production of Type I Interferon. Front Pharmacol 2020. [PMID: 33776755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00931/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a critical role in the antiviral immune response. However, viruses have developed different strategies to suppress the production of IFN-I for its own escape and amplification. Therefore, promoting the production of IFN-I is an effective strategy against virus infection. Gastrodin (GTD), a phenolic glucoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, has been reported to play a protective role in some central nervous system -related diseases and is beneficial for the recovery of diseases by inhibiting inflammation. However, the effect of GTD on virus infection is largely unknown. Here we found GTD treatment increased the survival rate of mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). The production of IFN-I was increased in GTD-treated mice or macrophages compared to the control group, during virus infection. Furthermore, the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) was promoted by GTD in macrophages upon VSV and HSV-1 infection. Our results demonstrated that GTD could inhibit the VSV and HSV-1 infection by promoting the production of IFN-I in macrophages and might provide an effective strategy against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyi Lv
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Huang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Cheng
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Kinetics of Early Innate Immune Activation during HIV-1 Infection of Humanized Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02123-18. [PMID: 30867315 PMCID: PMC6532090 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02123-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with aberrant immune activation; however, most model systems for HIV-1 have been used during established infection. Here, we utilize ultrasensitive HIV-1 quantification to delineate early events during the eclipse, burst, and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. We show that very early in infection, HIV-1 suppresses peripheral type I interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) responses, including the HIV-1 restriction factor IFI44. At the peak of innate immune activation, prior to CD4 T cell loss, HIV-1 infection differentially affects peripheral and lymphoid Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression profiles in T cells and macrophages. This results in a trend toward an altered activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The subsequent type I and III IFN responses result in preferential induction of peripheral ISG responses. Following this initial innate immune activation, peripheral expression of the HIV-1 restriction factor SAM domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) returns to levels below those observed in uninfected mice, suggesting that HIV-1 interferes with their basal expression. However, peripheral cells still retain their responsiveness to exogenous type I IFN, whereas splenic cells show a reduction in select ISGs in response to IFN. This demonstrates the highly dynamic nature of very early HIV-1 infection and suggests that blocks to the induction of HIV-1 restriction factors contribute to the establishment of viral persistence.IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is restricted to humans and some nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzee and gorilla). Alternative model systems based on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques are available but do not recapitulate all aspects of HIV-1 infection and disease. Humanized mice, which contain a human immune system, can be used to study HIV-1, but only limited information on early events and immune responses is available to date. Here, we describe very early immune responses to HIV-1 and demonstrate a suppression of cell-intrinsic innate immunity. Furthermore, we show that HIV-1 infection interacts differently with innate immune responses in blood and lymphoid organs.
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Type I interferon signaling, regulation and gene stimulation in chronic virus infection. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101277. [PMID: 31155227 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) mediate numerous immune interactions during viral infections, from the establishment of an antiviral state to invoking and regulating innate and adaptive immune cells that eliminate infection. While continuous IFN-I signaling plays critical roles in limiting virus replication during both acute and chronic infections, sustained IFN-I signaling also leads to chronic immune activation, inflammation and, consequently, immune exhaustion and dysfunction. Thus, an understanding of the balance between the desirable and deleterious effects of chronic IFN-I signaling will inform our quest for IFN-based therapies for chronic viral infections as well as other chronic diseases, including cancer. As such the factors involved in induction, propagation and regulation of IFN-I signaling, from the initial sensing of viral nucleotides within the cell to regulatory downstream signaling factors and resulting IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have received significant research attention. This review summarizes recent work on IFN-I signaling in chronic infections, and provides an update on therapeutic approaches being considered to counter such infections.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current article describes the current status of the use of cytokines and immune-checkpoint inhibitors as therapeutic strategies toward HIV remission. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials using IL-2 and IL-7 showed increased levels of circulating T cells, although no reduction to the viral reservoir was observed. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) demonstrated that experimental IL-15 administration increased proliferation and cytotoxicity of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8 T cells, and promoted their localization to the lymph node (LN) B cell follicles. Immune checkpoint modulators targeting programed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, successfully used in oncologic diseases, have shown potential to restore HIV-specific function in early stage clinical trials, while also transiently increasing plasma and cell-associated viral RNA. Due to the complexity of the mechanisms regulating HIV persistence, it is very likely that combinatorial approaches, including cytokines with immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), will be needed to achieve HIV remission. SUMMARY The present review covers approaches based on cytokine agonists and immune checkpoint inhibitors that have shown promise toward therapeutic pathways for HIV remission. These strategies have been tested preclinically in animal models of HIV infection to determine their safety, activity, and mechanisms of action, with the goal to inform the design of the most synergistic combinatorial strategies. Several of these interventions are included in ongoing or planned clinical trials in HIV infection; these trials will elucidate the clinical efficacy of these innovative immunotherapy approaches toward HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Hoang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory Vaccine Center (EVC), Emory University
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory Vaccine Center (EVC), Emory University
- Emory University School of Medicine
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Manipulating the Interferon Signaling Pathway: Implications for HIV Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:192-196. [PMID: 30762199 PMCID: PMC6513936 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling induces an antiviral state that includes the production of restriction factors that inhibit virus replication, thereby limiting the infection. As seen in other viral infections, type I IFN can also increase systemic immune activation which, in HIV disease, is one of the strongest predictors of disease progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. Moreover, IFN-I is associated with CD4 T cell depletion and attenuation of antigen-specific T cell responses. Therefore, therapeutic manipulation of IFN-I signaling to improve HIV disease outcome is a source of much interest and debate in the field. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of timing (acute vs. chronic infection) and have suggested that specific targeting of type I IFNs and their subtypes may help harness the beneficial roles of the IFN-I system while avoiding its deleterious activities.
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