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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Oliveira PJ, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Real-time OXPHOS capacity analysis in wounded skin from diabetic mice: A pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14128. [PMID: 37975307 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs wound healing. The aim was to determine whether DM influences mitochondrial respiration in wounded skin (WS) and non-wounded skin (NWS), in a pre-clinical wound healing model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS Six weeks after diabetes induction, two wounds were created in the back of C57BL/J6 mice. Using high-resolution respirometry (HRR), oxygen flux was measured, in WS and NWS, using two substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols, at baseline (day 0), day 3 and 10 post-wounding, in STZ-DM and non-diabetic (NDM) mice. Flux control ratios for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity were calculated. RESULTS A significant increase in mitochondrial respiration was observed in STZ-DM skin compared to control skin at baseline. The OXPHOS capacity was decreased in WS under diabetes at day 3 post-wounding (inflammation phase). However, at day 10 post-wounding (remodeling phase), the OXPHOS capacity was higher in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice, and compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice. A significant relative contribution of pyruvate, malate and glutamate (PMG) oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was observed in WS compared to NWS from STZ-DM mice, at day 10, while the relative contribution of fatty acid oxidation to the OXPHOS capacity was higher in NWS. The OXPHOS capacity is altered in WS from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice across the healing process, and so is the substrate contribution in WS and NWS from STZ-DM mice, at each time point. CONCLUSION HRR may be a sensitive tool to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of tissue repair during wound healing.
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Grants
- DL57/2016/CP1448/ CT0024 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/144199/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- SFRH/BD/145054/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
- UIDB/04539/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I. P, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, PhD Programme in Biosciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Inovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kosik B, Larsen S, Bergdahl A. Actovegin improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and functional aerobic capacity in a type 1 diabetic male murine model. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:265-272. [PMID: 37913525 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes (T1D) leads to an impairment of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. Actovegin is a hemodialysate of calf blood, which has been shown to enhance glucose uptake and cell metabolism in healthy human skeletal muscle. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of Actovegin on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and functional aerobic capacity in a T1D mouse model. Effects on the expression of mitochondrial proteins, body mass, and food and water consumption were also investigated. Streptozotocin-induced T1D male C57B1/6 mice (aged 3-4 months) were randomized to an Actovegin group and a control group. Every third day, the Actovegin and control groups were injected intraperitoneally with (0.1 mL) Actovegin and (0.1 mL) physiological salt solution, respectively. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity of the vastus lateralis muscle was measured by high resolution respirometry in addition to the expression levels of the mitochondrial complexes as well as voltage-dependent anion channel. Functional aerobic capacity was measured using a rodent treadmill protocol. Body mass and food and water consumption were also measured. After 13 days, in comparison to the control group, the Actovegin group demonstrated a significantly higher skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in an ADP-restricted and ADP-stimulated environment. The Actovegin group displayed a significantly lesser decline in functional aerobic capacity and baseline body mass after 13 days. There were no significant differences in food or water consumption between groups. Actovegin could act as an effective agent for facilitating glucose metabolism and improving OXPHOS capacity and functional aerobic capacity in T1D. Further investigation is warranted to establish Actovegin's potential as an alternative therapeutic drug for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kosik
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Panghal A, Jena G. Gut-Gonad Perturbations in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Energy-Dysbalance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e220823220204. [PMID: 37608613 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230822151740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder that affects people of all age groups throughout the world. It is responsible for the alterations in male gonadal physiology in experimental models as well as in clinical cases. On the other side, diabetes mellitus has also been associated with perturbations in the gut physiology and microbiota dysbiosis. The accumulating evidence suggests a link between the gut and gonad as evident from the i) experimental data providing insights into type 1 diabetes mellitus induced gut perturbations, ii) link of gut physiology with alterations of testicular health, iii) role of gut microbiota in androgen metabolism in the intestine, and iv) epidemiological evidence linking type 1 diabetes mellitus with inflammatory bowel disease and male infertility. Considering all the pieces of evidence, it is summarized that gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and energy dys-balance are the prime factors involved in the gonadal damage under type 1 diabetes mellitus, in which the gut contributes significantly. Identification of novel biomarkers and intervention of suitable agents targeting these prime factors may be a step forward to restore the gonadal damage in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Panghal
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Kumar A, Prajapati P, Raj V, Kim SC, Mishra V, Raorane CJ, Raj R, Kumar D, Kushwaha S. Salbutamol ameliorates skeletal muscle wasting and inflammatory markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110883. [PMID: 37666067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes accelerates muscle atrophy, leading to the deterioration of skeletal muscles. This study aimed to assess the potential of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol (SLB), to alleviate muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n=6): control, SLB, STZ (55 mg/kg, single i.p.), and STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks). After the final SLB dose, animals underwent tests to evaluate muscle strength and coordination, including forelimb grip strength, wire-hanging, actophotometer, rotarod, and footprint assessments. Rats were then sacrificed, and serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were collected for further analysis. Serum evaluations included proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), muscle markers (creatine kinase, myostatin), testosterone, and lipidemic markers. Muscle oxidative stress (malonaldehyde, protein carbonyl), antioxidants (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), and histology were also performed. Additionally, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance serum profiling was conducted. SLB notably enhanced muscle grip strength, coordination, and antioxidant levels, while reduced proinflammatory markers and oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Reduced serum muscle biomarkers, increased testosterone, restored lipidemic levels, and improved muscle cellular architecture indicated SLB's positive effect on muscle condition in diabetic rats. Metabolomics profiling revealed that the STZ group significantly increased the phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratio (PTR), lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (LPR), acetate, succinate, isobutyrate, and histidine. SLB administration restored these perturbed serum metabolites in the STZ-induced diabetic group. In conclusion, salbutamol significantly protected against skeletal muscle wasting in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Vinit Raj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.
| | | | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Hendrix G, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker M, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Evans W, Rasbach L, Benjamin R, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e448. [PMID: 37715520 PMCID: PMC10638627 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex-dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D. METHODS Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6-11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. RESULTS Males and females were comparable in age, BMI-z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5-acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hendrix
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and NutritionDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Evans
- University of California‐BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa Rasbach
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Benjamin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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6
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Wang H, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Parhar RS, Gaugler R, Hashmi S. Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1463-1477. [PMID: 37970124 PMCID: PMC10642420 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a recent increase in the worldwide prevalence of both obesity and diabetes. In this review we assessed insulin signaling, genetics, environment, lipid metabolism dysfunction and mitochondria as the major determinants in diabetes and to identify the potential mechanism of gut microbiota in diabetes diseases. We searched relevant articles, which have key information from laboratory experiments, epidemiological evidence, clinical trials, experimental models, meta-analysis and review articles, in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholars and Cochrane Controlled Trial Database. We selected 144 full-length articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria for complete assessment. We have briefly discussed these associations, challenges, and the need for further research to manage and treat diabetes more efficiently. Diabetes involves the complex network of physiological dysfunction that can be attributed to insulin signaling, genetics, environment, obesity, mitochondria and stress. In recent years, there are intriguing findings regarding gut microbiome as the important regulator of diabetes. Valid approaches are necessary for speeding medical advances but we should find a solution sooner given the burden of the metabolic disorder - What we need is a collaborative venture that may involve laboratories both in academia and industries for the scientific progress and its application for the diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ranjit S Parhar
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy Gaugler
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Sarwar Hashmi
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Research and Diagnostics, Ghazala and Sanya Hashmi Foundation, Holmdel, NJ 07733, United States
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Sanz FJ, Martínez-Carrión G, Solana-Manrique C, Paricio N. Evaluation of type 1 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor of Parkinson's disease in a Drosophila model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:697-705. [PMID: 37381093 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, resulting from insulin dysregulation. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder caused by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. DM and PD are both age-associated diseases that are turning into epidemics worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that type 2 DM might be a risk factor of developing PD. However, scarce information about the link between type 1 DM (T1DM) and PD does exist. In this work, we have generated a Drosophila model of T1DM based on insulin deficiency to evaluate if T1DM could be a risk factor to trigger PD onset. As expected, model flies exhibited T1DM-related phenotypes such as insulin deficiency, increased content of carbohydrates and glycogen, and reduced activity of insulin signaling. Interestingly, our results also demonstrated that T1DM model flies presented locomotor defects as well as reduced levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker of DA neurons) in brains, which are typical PD-related phenotypes. In addition, T1DM model flies showed elevated oxidative stress levels, which could be causative of DA neurodegeneration. Therefore, our results indicate that T1DM might be a risk factor of developing PD, and encourage further studies to shed light into the exact link between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martínez-Carrión
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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8
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Huerta-Uribe N, Andrés Hormazábal-Aguayo I, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. Youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus are more inactive and sedentary than apparently healthy peers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 200:110697. [PMID: 37169308 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a meta-analysis of differences in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and physical fitness between children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their healthy peers. METHODS The databases EMBASE, PubMed and SportsDiscus were searched for studies. Pooled effects were calculated using random effects inverse-variance models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included, comprising a total of 4,751 youths (53% girls) of which 2,452 with type 1 diabetes. Youth with type 1 diabetes were less physically active (Coheńs d=-0.23, 95%CI -0.42 to -0.04), more sedentary (Coheńs d=0.33, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.61), and had lower cardiorespiratory fitness (Coheńs d=-0.52, 95%CI -0.73 to -0.31) than their healthy peers. This corresponds to -12.72 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 63.3 min/day of sedentary time (accelerometry) and -4.07 ml/kg/min of maximum/peak oxygen consumption. In addition, young people with type 1 diabetes were less likely to meet the international physical activity recommendations than their healthy peers (odds ratio=0.44, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Keeping in mind the heterogeneity between studies in the design, population and assessment, our findings show that children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes seem to be less active, more sedentary, and have lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than their healthy peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Huerta-Uribe
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA
| | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA.
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9
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Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH. Metabolic Impact of Frailty Changes Diabetes Trajectory. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020295. [PMID: 36837914 PMCID: PMC9960364 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence increases with increasing age. In older people with diabetes, frailty is a newly emerging and significant complication. Frailty induces body composition changes that influence the metabolic state and affect diabetes trajectory. Frailty appears to have a wide metabolic spectrum, which can present with an anorexic malnourished phenotype and a sarcopenic obese phenotype. The sarcopenic obese phenotype individuals have significant loss of muscle mass and increased visceral fat. This phenotype is characterised by increased insulin resistance and a synergistic increase in the cardiovascular risk more than that induced by obesity or sarcopenia alone. Therefore, in this phenotype, the trajectory of diabetes is accelerated, which needs further intensification of hypoglycaemic therapy and a focus on cardiovascular risk reduction. Anorexic malnourished individuals have significant weight loss and reduced insulin resistance. In this phenotype, the trajectory of diabetes is decelerated, which needs deintensification of hypoglycaemic therapy and a focus on symptom control and quality of life. In the sarcopenic obese phenotype, the early use of sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is reasonable due to their weight loss and cardio-renal protection properties. In the malnourished anorexic phenotype, the early use of long-acting insulin analogues is reasonable due to their weight gain and anabolic properties, regimen simplicity and the convenience of once-daily administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelhafiz
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), King’s College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Aye CC, Hammond DE, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Doherty MK, Whitfield PD, Phelan MM, Yang C, Perez-Perez R, Li X, Diaz-Ramos A, Peddinti G, Oresic M, Vidal-Puig A, Zorzano A, Ugalde C, Mora S. CBL/CAP Is Essential for Mitochondria Respiration Complex I Assembly and Bioenergetics Efficiency in Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3399. [PMID: 36834818 PMCID: PMC9964740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CBL is rapidly phosphorylated upon insulin receptor activation. Mice whole body CBL depletion improved insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance; however, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. We depleted either CBL or its associated protein SORBS1/CAP independently in myocytes and assessed mitochondrial function and metabolism compared to control cells. CBL- and CAP-depleted cells showed increased mitochondrial mass with greater proton leak. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity and assembly into respirasomes were reduced. Proteome profiling revealed alterations in proteins involved in glycolysis and fatty acid degradation. Our findings demonstrate CBL/CAP pathway couples insulin signaling to efficient mitochondrial respiratory function and metabolism in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Cho Aye
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Dean E. Hammond
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mary K. Doherty
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Phillip D. Whitfield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Marie M. Phelan
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Chenjing Yang
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Rafael Perez-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Angels Diaz-Ramos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gopal Peddinti
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Matej Oresic
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department de Bioquimica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Mora
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Department de Bioquimica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Role of Impaired Glycolysis in Perturbations of Amino Acid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021724. [PMID: 36675238 PMCID: PMC9863464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent alterations in plasma amino acid concentrations in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are decreased L-serine and increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) levels. The likely cause of L-serine deficiency is decreased synthesis of 3-phosphoglycerate, the main endogenous precursor of L-serine, due to impaired glycolysis. The BCAA levels increase due to decreased supply of pyruvate and oxaloacetate from glycolysis, enhanced supply of NADH + H+ from beta-oxidation, and subsequent decrease in the flux through the citric acid cycle in muscles. These alterations decrease the supply of α-ketoglutarate for BCAA transamination and the activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism. L-serine deficiency contributes to decreased synthesis of phospholipids and increased synthesis of deoxysphinganines, which play a role in diabetic neuropathy, impaired homocysteine disposal, and glycine deficiency. Enhanced BCAA levels contribute to increased levels of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), insulin resistance, and accumulation of various metabolites, whose influence on diabetes progression is not clear. It is concluded that amino acid concentrations should be monitored in patients with diabetes, and systematic investigation is needed to examine the effects of L-serine and glycine supplementation on diabetes progression when these amino acids are decreased.
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12
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Association of HbA1c with VO 2max in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111017. [PMID: 36355100 PMCID: PMC9697838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between glycemic control (HbA1c) and functional capacity (VO2max) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ISI Web of Knowledge for publications from January 1950 until July 2020. Randomized and observational controlled trials with a minimum number of three participants were included if cardio-pulmonary exercise tests to determine VO2max and HbA1c measurement has been performed. Pooled mean values were estimated for VO2max and HbA1c and weighted Pearson correlation and meta-regression were performed to assess the association between these parameters. We included 187 studies with a total of 3278 individuals with T1DM. The pooled mean HbA1c value was 8.1% (95%CI; 7.9−8.3%), and relative VO2max was 38.5 mL/min/kg (37.3−39.6). The pooled mean VO2max was significantly lower (36.9 vs. 40.7, p = 0.001) in studies reporting a mean HbA1c > 7.5% compared to studies with a mean HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. Weighted Pearson correlation coefficient was r = −0.19 (p < 0.001) between VO2max and HbA1c. Meta-regression adjusted for age and sex showed a significant decrease of −0.94 mL/min/kg in VO2max per HbA1c increase of 1% (p = 0.024). In conclusion, we were able to determine a statistically significant correlation between HbA1c and VO2max in individuals with T1DM. However, as the correlation was only weak, the association of HbA1c and VO2max might not be of clinical relevance in individuals with T1DM.
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13
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Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
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14
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Smuel-Zilberberg K, Shalitin S, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Nimri R. Diabetes ketoacidosis recovery in youth with newly diagnosed and established type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1272-1277. [PMID: 34148066 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to describe the differences in metabolic parameters and in time to recovery from diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), between children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with established type 1 diabetes (T1DM). METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study. The cohort consists of 356 children and adolescents with T1DM who had DKA during 2008-2018. Data were obtained from the patients' medical files. Recovery of DKA was defined as the resolution of acidosis (pH >7.3 and bicarbonate >15 meq/L). RESULTS The mean time to recovery from DKA was significantly longer in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes than in those with established diabetes (13± versus 8.5± h) (p < 0.001). This difference was maintained in an analysis according to DKA severity: mild, moderate, and severe. pH at presentation did not differ between the groups, but bicarbonate at presentation was significantly lower in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes than in those with established diabetes, 9.9± versus 12± mmol/L (p < 0.001). Potassium and phosphorus levels were lower, and sodium and chloride levels were higher in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes than in those with established diabetes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS DKA is associated with a shorter recovery time in patients with established diabetes compared to newly diagnosed diabetes. This may have implications on the treatment of people with established diabetes. IMPACT DKA is associated with a shorter recovery time in patients with established diabetes compared with newly diagnosed diabetes. Shorter recovery time in a patient with established diabetes compared with newly diagnosed diabetes was observed in any DKA severity. The time to recovery from DKA did not differ significantly between patients treated with an insulin pump and those treated with multiple daily injections. Triggers for DKA among patients with established diabetes were poor compliance with treatment, infection, pump dysfunction, and dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Smuel-Zilberberg
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shlomit Shalitin
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Nimri
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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15
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It is time for a moonshot to find “Cures” for diabetic retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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A theoretical argument to support the biological benefits for insulin stimulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Monaco CMF, Tarnopolsky MA, Dial AG, Nederveen JP, Rebalka IA, Nguyen M, Turner LV, Perry CGR, Ljubicic V, Hawke TJ. Normal to enhanced intrinsic mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of middle- to older-aged women and men with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2517-2533. [PMID: 34392397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study interrogated mitochondrial respiratory function and content in skeletal muscle biopsies of healthy adults between 30 and 72 years old with and without uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. METHODS Participants (12 women/nine men) with type 1 diabetes (48 ± 11 years of age), without overt complications, were matched for age, sex, BMI and level of physical activity to participants without diabetes (control participants) (49 ± 12 years of age). Participants underwent a Bergström biopsy of the vastus lateralis to assess mitochondrial respiratory function using high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity. Electron microscopy was used to quantify mitochondrial content and cristae (pixel) density. RESULTS Mean mitochondrial area density was 27% lower (p = 0.006) in participants with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants. This was largely due to smaller mitochondrial fragments in women with type 1 diabetes (-18%, p = 0.057), as opposed to a decrease in the total number of mitochondrial fragments in men with diabetes (-28%, p = 0.130). Mitochondrial respiratory measures, whether estimated per milligram of tissue (i.e. mass-specific) or normalised to area density (i.e. intrinsic mitochondrial function), differed between cohorts, and demonstrated sexual dimorphism. Mass-specific mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity with the substrates for complex I and complex II (CI + II) was significantly lower (-24%, p = 0.033) in women with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants, whereas mass-specific OXPHOS capacities with substrates for complex I only (pyruvate [CI pyr] or glutamate [CI glu]) or complex II only (succinate [CII succ]) were not different (p > 0.404). No statistical differences (p > 0.397) were found in mass-specific OXPHOS capacity in men with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants despite a 42% non-significant increase in CI glu OXPHOS capacity (p = 0.218). In contrast, intrinsic CI + II OXPHOS capacity was not different in women with type 1 diabetes (+5%, p = 0.378), whereas in men with type 1 diabetes it was 25% higher (p = 0.163) compared with control participants. Men with type 1 diabetes also demonstrated higher intrinsic OXPHOS capacity for CI pyr (+50%, p = 0.159), CI glu (+88%, p = 0.033) and CII succ (+28%, p = 0.123), as well as higher intrinsic respiratory rates with low (more physiological) concentrations of either ADP, pyruvate, glutamate or succinate (p < 0.012). Women with type 1 diabetes had higher (p < 0.003) intrinsic respiratory rates with low concentrations of succinate only. Calculated aerobic fitness (Physical Working Capacity Test [PWC130]) showed a strong relationship with mitochondrial respiratory function and content in the type 1 diabetes cohort. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In middle- to older-aged adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, we conclude that skeletal muscle mitochondria differentially adapt to type 1 diabetes and demonstrate sexual dimorphism. Importantly, these cellular alterations were significantly associated with our metric of aerobic fitness (PWC130) and preceded notable impairments in skeletal mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren V Turner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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18
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Bhardwaj G, Penniman CM, Jena J, Suarez Beltran PA, Foster C, Poro K, Junck TL, Hinton AO, Souvenir R, Fuqua JD, Morales PE, Bravo-Sagua R, Sivitz WI, Lira VA, Abel ED, O'Neill BT. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors regulate complex-I dependent mitochondrial bioenergetics and supercomplexes via FoxOs in muscle. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e146415. [PMID: 34343133 DOI: 10.1172/jci146415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased skeletal muscle strength and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristic of diabetes. Action of insulin and IGF-1 through insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) maintain muscle mass via suppression of FoxOs, but whether FoxO activation coordinates atrophy in concert with mitochondrial dysfunction is unknown. We show that mitochondrial respiration and complex-I activity were decreased in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic muscle, but these defects were reversed following muscle-specific FoxO1/3/4 triple knockout in STZ-FoxO TKO. In the absence of systemic glucose or lipid abnormalities, muscle-specific IR knockout (M-IR-/-) or combined IR/IGF1R knockout (MIGIRKO) impaired mitochondrial respiration, decreased ATP production, and increased ROS. These mitochondrial abnormalities were not present in muscle-specific IR/IGF1R and FoxO1/3/4 quintuple knockout mice (M-QKO). Acute tamoxifen-inducible deletion of IR/IGF1R also decreased muscle pyruvate respiration, complex-I activity, and supercomplex assembly. Although autophagy was increased when IR/IGF1R were deleted in muscle, mitophagy was not increased. Mechanistically, RNA-seq revealed that complex-I core subunits were decreased in STZ-diabetic and MIGIRKO muscle, and these changes were not present with FoxO knockout in STZ-FoxO TKO and M-QKO. Thus, insulin-deficient diabetes or loss of insulin/IGF-1 action in muscle decreases complex-I driven mitochondrial respiration and supercomplex assembly, in part by FoxO-mediated repression of Complex-I subunit expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Bhardwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Christie M Penniman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Jayashree Jena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Pablo A Suarez Beltran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Collin Foster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Kennedy Poro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Taylor L Junck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Souvenir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Jordan D Fuqua
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - William I Sivitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
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19
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Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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20
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Dial AG, Monaco CMF, Grafham GK, Patel TP, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawke TJ. Impaired Function and Altered Morphology in the Skeletal Muscles of Adult Men and Women With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2405-2422. [PMID: 33890059 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous investigations on skeletal muscle health in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have generally focused on later stages of disease progression where comorbidities are present and are posited as a primary mechanism of muscle dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To investigate skeletal muscle function and morphology across the adult lifespan in those with and without T1D. DESIGN Participants underwent maximal contraction (MVC) testing, resting muscle biopsy, and venous blood sampling. SETTING Procedures in this study were undertaken at the McMaster University Medical Centre. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-five healthy adult (18-78 years old) men/males and women/females (T1D = 34; control = 31) matched for age/biological sex/body mass index; self-reported physical activity levels were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Our primary measure in this study was MVC, with supporting histological/immunofluorescent measures. RESULTS After 35 years of age ("older adults"), MVC declined quicker in T1D subjects compared to controls. Loss of strength in T1D was accompanied by morphological changes associated with accelerated aging. Type 1 myofiber grouping was higher in T1D, and the groups were larger and more numerous than in controls. Older T1D females exhibited more myofibers expressing multiple myosin heavy chain isoforms (hybrid fibers) than controls, another feature of accelerated aging. Conversely, T1D males exhibited a shift toward type 2 fibers, with less evidence of myofiber grouping or hybrid fibers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest impairments to skeletal muscle function and morphology exist in T1D. The decline in strength with T1D is accelerated after 35 years of age and may be responsible for the earlier onset of frailty, which characterizes those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tirth P Patel
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas J Hawke
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Insulin rapidly increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial ADP sensitivity in the absence of a high lipid environment. Biochem J 2021; 478:2539-2553. [PMID: 34129667 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in mitochondrial function have been proposed to cause insulin resistance, however the possibility that impairments in insulin signaling negatively affects mitochondrial bioenergetics has received little attention. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that insulin could rapidly improve mitochondrial ADP sensitivity, a key process linked to oxidative phosphorylation and redox balance, and if this phenomenon would be lost following high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Insulin acutely (60 min post I.P.) increased submaximal (100-1000 µM ADP) mitochondrial respiration ∼2-fold without altering maximal (>1000 µM ADP) respiration, suggesting insulin rapidly improves mitochondrial bioenergetics. The consumption of HFD impaired submaximal ADP-supported respiration ∼50%, however, despite the induction of insulin resistance, the ability of acute insulin to stimulate ADP sensitivity and increase submaximal respiration persisted. While these data suggest that insulin mitigates HFD-induced impairments in mitochondrial bioenergetics, the presence of a high intracellular lipid environment reflective of an HFD (i.e. presence of palmitoyl-CoA) completely prevented the beneficial effects of insulin. Altogether, these data show that while insulin rapidly stimulates mitochondrial bioenergetics through an improvement in ADP sensitivity, this phenomenon is possibly lost following HFD due to the presence of intracellular lipids.
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22
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Rahman MS, Hossain KS, Das S, Kundu S, Adegoke EO, Rahman MA, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ, Pang MG. Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6403. [PMID: 34203830 PMCID: PMC8232639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Khandkar Shaharina Hossain
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sharnali Das
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Sushmita Kundu
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.S.H.); (S.D.); (S.K.); (M.A.R.); (M.A.H.); (M.J.U.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea; (M.S.R.); (E.O.A.)
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Cai Y, Zhan H, Weng W, Wang Y, Han P, Yu X, Shao M, Sun H. Niclosamide ethanolamine ameliorates diabetes-related muscle wasting by inhibiting autophagy. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 34107998 PMCID: PMC8188694 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes-related muscle wasting is one of the devastating complications of diabetes, which is associated with muscle autophagy due to insulin-mediated glucose starvation. However, treatment for diabetes-related muscle wasting is limited. Our previous study already found that niclosamide ethanolamine salt has the therapeutic effects on insulin deficiency of type 1 diabetes mice and muscle wasting induced by doxorubicin. Therefore, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of niclosamide ethanolamine salt on diabetes-induced muscle wasting and to explore whether the mechanism is associated with muscle autophagy. Methods Type 1 diabetes mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, then were fed with regular diet supplemented with 10 g/kg niclosamide ethanolamine salt. The whole experiment lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, grip strength, weights of tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscle were measured. Tibialis anterior muscles stained with PAS were used for evaluating the fiber cross sectional area. Immunofluorescence analysis of myosin heavy chain expression in extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscle was used for determining the composition of the muscle fiber type. Electronic microscopy was applied to observe the autophagy in the atrophied muscle. Serum insulin levels and fasting blood glucose were also measured. Tissues of gastrocnemius muscle were used for detecting the expression of the proteins related to autophagy. Results In this study, we found that niclosamide ethanolamine salt could ameliorate muscle atrophy in the type 1 diabetes mice as well, such as enhancing the declined grip strength, improving limb weight and increasing the numbers of glycolytic muscle fiber. Electron microscopy also confirmed that there did exist abundant autophagic vacuoles in the atrophied muscle of the type 1 diabetes mice. Specifically, niclosamide ethanolamine salt could reduce the over expression of autophagy-related proteins, including p-AMPK (Thr172), FoxO3a, p-ULK1 (Ser555), LC3B II, and p-p38 in gastrocnemius muscle of the type 1 diabetes mice. Conclusion Niclosamide ethanolamine salt could ameliorate muscle wasting. The mechanisms underlying might be associated with inhibition of muscle autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Wenci Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
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Xu X, Yang Z, Ma T, Li Z, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Dong J. Novel equation for estimating resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1647-1656. [PMID: 33693520 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD), determining energy expenditure is the precondition for recommending energy intake in nutrition management. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop and validate a resting energy expenditure (REE) equation for patients with CKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 300 patients with CKD (stages 3-5) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to derive a new REE equation (eREE-CKD) according to actual REE (aREE) measured using indirect calorimetry in the development dataset. The eREE-CKD value was then validated with aREE in the validation dataset and compared with values from existing equations obtained in general populations, namely, the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, WHO, and Schofield equations in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy. RESULTS The eREE-CKD equation: eREE-CKD (kcal) = (1 if male; 0 if female) × 106.0 - [1 if diabetes mellitus (DM); 0 if non-DM] × 51.6 - 4.7 × age (y) + 13.1 × weight (kg) + 645.5 (R2 = 0.779).The bias, precision, and accuracy (percentage of estimates that differed >20% from the measured REE) of the eREE-CKD equation were -0.4 (IQR: -29.8, 23.8) kcal, 98.4 (IQR: 79.5, 116.6) kcal, and 5.4%, respectively with indirect calorimetry as the reference method. Both bias and precision of the eREE-CKD were significantly better than the Harris-Benedict, WHO, and Schofield equations (P < 0.001) and similar to the Mifflin equation (P = 0.125 for bias and 0.268 for precision). Accuracy of the eREE-CKD was significantly better than the Harris-Benedict, WHO, Mifflin, and Schofield equations (P < 0.001). Bias, precision, and accuracy of the eREE-CKD equation were consistent when applied to subgroups categorized according to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations and CKD stages, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The eREE-CKD equation using age, sex, weight, and DM data could serve as a reliable tool for estimating REE in patients with CKD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03377413.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikai Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Creo AL, Cortes TM, Jo HJ, Huebner AR, Dasari S, Tillema JM, Lteif AN, Klaus KA, Ruegsegger GN, Kudva YC, Petersen RC, Port JD, Nair KS. Brain functions and cognition on transient insulin deprivation in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144014. [PMID: 33561011 PMCID: PMC8021100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a risk factor for dementia and structural brain changes. It remains to be determined whether transient insulin deprivation that frequently occurs in insulin-treated individuals with T1D alters brain function. METHODS We therefore performed functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological testing at baseline and following 5.4 ± 0.6 hours of insulin deprivation in 14 individuals with T1D and compared results with those from 14 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched nondiabetic (ND) participants with no interventions. RESULTS Insulin deprivation in T1D increased blood glucose, and β-hydroxybutyrate, while reducing bicarbonate levels. Participants with T1D showed lower baseline brain N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol levels but higher cortical fractional anisotropy, suggesting unhealthy neurons and brain microstructure. Although cognitive functions did not differ between participants with T1D and ND participants at baseline, significant changes in fine motor speed as well as attention and short-term memory occurred following insulin deprivation in participants with T1D. Insulin deprivation also reduced brain adenosine triphosphate levels and altered the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio. Baseline differences in functional connectivity in brain regions between participants with T1D and ND participants were noted, and on insulin deprivation further alterations in functional connectivity between regions, especially cortical and hippocampus-caudate regions, were observed. These alterations in functional connectivity correlated to brain metabolites and to changes in cognition. CONCLUSION Transient insulin deprivation therefore caused alterations in executive aspects of cognitive function concurrent with functional connectivity between memory regions and the sensory cortex. These findings have important clinical implications, as many patients with T1D inadvertently have periods of transient insulin deprivation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03392441. FUNDING Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1 TR002377) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science; NIH grants (R21 AG60139 and R01 AG62859); the Mayo Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Creo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida N Lteif
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | | | | | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition
| | | | - John D Port
- Division of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Purohit PK, Saini N. Mitochondrial microRNA (MitomiRs) in cancer and complex mitochondrial diseases: current status and future perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1405-1421. [PMID: 33084945 PMCID: PMC11072739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only important for cellular bioenergetics but also lie at the heart of critical metabolic pathways. They can rapidly adjust themselves in response to changing conditions and the metabolic needs of the cell. Mitochondrial involvement as well as its dysfunction has been found to be associated with variety of pathological processes and diseases. mitomiRs are class of miRNA(s) that regulate mitochondrial gene expression and function. This review sheds light on the role of mitomiRs in regulating different biological processes-mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, cell metabolism, chemoresistance, apoptosis,and their relevance in metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Insilico analysis of predicted targets of mitomiRs targeting energy metabolism identified several significantly altered pathways (needs in vivo validations) that may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of human diseases. Last part of the review discusses about the clinical aspects of miRNA(s) and mitomiRs in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Purohit
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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Su Z, Ling X, Ji K, Huang H, Liu X, Yin C, Zhu H, Guo Y, Mo Y, Lu Y, Liang Y, Zheng H. 1H NMR-based urinary metabonomic study of the antidiabetic effects of Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee in STZ-induced T1DM rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122347. [PMID: 33075703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-term hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to various organs and tissues, including the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves. Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee (RS), a shrub whose leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been shown to exert hypoglycemic effects in DM patients. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. This was investigated in the present study in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by 1H NMR analysis. We identify 9 metabolites whose levels were altered in T1DM rats compared to control rats, namely, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, creatinine, allantoin, and hippurate, which are mostly related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, and other metabolism. The observed pathologic changes in the levels of these metabolites in T1DM rats were reversed by treatment with RS. Thus, RS exerts effects in T1DM rats by regulating the three abnormal metabolic pathways synergistically. These findings provide supporting evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of this TCM formulation in the treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xue Ling
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kewei Ji
- Bengbu Food and Drug Inspection Center, Anhui Province 233000, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunli Yin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yiyi Mo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yating Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yonghong Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hua Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Holeček M, Vodeničarovová M, Fingrová R. Dual Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Amino Acid, Energy, and Protein Metabolism in the Liver and Muscles of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111475. [PMID: 33114049 PMCID: PMC7690735 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) is a unique product of leucine catabolism with positive effects on protein balance. We have examined the effects of HMB (200 mg/kg/day via osmotic pump for 7 days) on rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). STZ induced severe diabetes associated with muscle wasting, decreased ATP in the liver, and increased α-ketoglutarate in muscles. In plasma, liver, and muscles increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, isoleucine, and leucine) and decreased serine. The decreases in mass and protein content of muscles and increases in BCAA concentration were more pronounced in extensor digitorum longus (fast-twitch muscle) than in soleus muscle (slow-twitch muscle). HMB infusion to STZ-treated animals increased glycemia and serine in the liver, decreased BCAAs in plasma and muscles, and decreased ATP in the liver and muscles. The effects of HMB on the weight and protein content of tissues were nonsignificant. We concluded that fast-twitch muscles are more sensitive to STZ than slow-twitch muscles and that HMB administration to STZ-treated rats has dual effects. Adjustments of BCAA concentrations in plasma and muscles and serine in the liver can be considered beneficial, whereas the increased glycemia and decreased ATP concentrations in the liver and muscles are detrimental.
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Holeček M. Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103087. [PMID: 33050579 PMCID: PMC7600358 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are increased in starvation and diabetes mellitus. However, the pathogenesis has not been explained. It has been shown that BCAA catabolism occurs mostly in muscles due to high activity of BCAA aminotransferase, which converts BCAA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate. The loss of α-KG from the citric cycle (cataplerosis) is attenuated by glutamate conversion to α-KG in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase reactions, in which glycolysis is the main source of amino group acceptors, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Irreversible oxidation of BCKA by BCKA dehydrogenase is sensitive to BCKA supply, and ratios of NADH to NAD+ and acyl-CoA to CoA-SH. It is hypothesized that decreased glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation, characteristic features of starvation and diabetes, cause in muscles alterations resulting in increased BCAA levels. The main alterations include (i) impaired BCAA transamination due to decreased supply of amino groups acceptors (α-KG, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate) and (ii) inhibitory influence of NADH and acyl-CoAs produced in fatty acid oxidation on citric cycle and BCKA dehydrogenase. The studies supporting the hypothesis and pros and cons of elevated BCAA concentrations are discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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Huang Z, Huang L, Waters MJ, Chen C. Insulin and Growth Hormone Balance: Implications for Obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:642-654. [PMID: 32416957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of endocrine hormonal balance (i.e., increased levels of insulin, and reduced levels of growth hormone, GH) often occurs in pre-obesity and obesity. Using distinct intracellular signaling pathways to control cell and body metabolism, GH and insulin also regulate each other's secretion to maintain overall metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of insulin and GH balance is essential for understanding endocrine hormonal contributions to energy storage and utilization. In this review we summarize the actions of, and interactions between, insulin and GH at the cellular level, and highlight the association between the insulin/GH ratio and energy metabolism, as well as fat accumulation. Use of the [insulin]:[GH] ratio as a biomarker for predicting the development of obesity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Waters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
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Valero-Guzmán L, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Camacho-Cruz J, Maya-Hijuelos LC, Martínez-Lozada S, Rubiano-Acevedo AM, Lara-Bernal M, Diaz-Angarita T. Difference in the duration of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: Comparison of new-onset to known type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:791-799. [PMID: 32181961 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the duration (hours until HCO3- ≥ 15 mmol/L) of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episodes that are the first manifestation of new type 1 diabetes (NT1D) and those that are a complication in patients with previously diagnosed type 1 diabetes (PT1D). METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study was designed. The duration of DKA was measured from the start of the treatment. The primary outcome was the comparison of the time needed in each group to reach HCO3- ≥ 15 mmol/L. The secondary outcomes were the comparison of the time to reach pH ≥ 7.3 and length of hospital stay in each group. Data were analyzed with a bivariate analysis of the variables vs primary outcome. Then, a regression model was analyzed. Results There were 305 episodes included (NT1D: 115, PT1D: 190). DKA in the NT1D group lasted longer (NT1D 20 (16-19) vs PT1D 12 (8-16), hours, P < .01) with a significant difference in each level of DKA severity. This group also took longer to reach pH ≥ 7.3 (NT1D 16 (12-22) vs PT1D 9 (6-12), hours, P < .01) and had a longer hospital stay (NT1D 9 (6-12) vs PT1D 7 (4-10), hours, P < .01). CONCLUSION The duration of DKA is longer in patients with NT1D regardless of characteristics like DKA severity, duration of symptoms, and type of treatments received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Valero-Guzmán
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Camacho-Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Maya-Hijuelos
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, UCIKids, Hospital Infantil Rafael Henao Toro, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Susan Martínez-Lozada
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Marleny Lara-Bernal
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Rosario, Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tomas Diaz-Angarita
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Infantil de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
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33
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Miotto PM, Petrick HL, Holloway GP. Acute insulin deprivation results in altered mitochondrial substrate sensitivity conducive to greater fatty acid transport. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E345-E353. [PMID: 32543943 PMCID: PMC7473910 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are both tightly associated with impaired glucose control. Although both pathologies stem from different mechanisms, a reduction in insulin action coincides with drastic metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle and metabolic inflexibility. However, the underlying explanation for this response remains poorly understood, particularly since it is difficult to distinguish the role of attenuated insulin action from the detrimental effects of reactive lipid accumulation, which impairs mitochondrial function and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission. We therefore utilized streptozotocin to examine the effects of acute insulin deprivation, in the absence of a high-lipid/nutrient excess environment, on the regulation of mitochondrial substrate sensitivity and ROS emission. The ablation of insulin resulted in reductions in absolute mitochondrial oxidative capacity and ADP-supported respiration and reduced the ability for malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) and suppress fatty acid-supported respiration. These bioenergetic responses coincided with increased mitochondrial-derived H2O2 emission and lipid transporter content, independent of major mitochondrial substrate transporter proteins and enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Together, these data suggest that attenuated/ablated insulin signaling does not affect mitochondrial ADP sensitivity, whereas the increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation in situations where insulin action is reduced may occur as a result of altered regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid transport through CPT-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather L Petrick
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Batista TM, Garcia-Martin R, Cai W, Konishi M, O'Neill BT, Sakaguchi M, Kim JH, Jung DY, Kim JK, Kahn CR. Multi-dimensional Transcriptional Remodeling by Physiological Insulin In Vivo. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3429-3443.e3. [PMID: 30893613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is an important aspect of insulin action but in vivo is intertwined with changing levels of glucose and counter-regulatory hormones. Here we demonstrate that under euglycemic clamp conditions, physiological levels of insulin regulate interrelated networks of more than 1,000 transcripts in muscle and liver. These include expected pathways related to glucose and lipid utilization, mitochondrial function, and autophagy, as well as unexpected pathways, such as chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and Notch signaling. These acutely regulated pathways extend beyond those dysregulated in mice with chronic insulin deficiency or insulin resistance and involve a broad network of transcription factors. More than 150 non-coding RNAs were regulated by insulin, many of which also responded to fasting and refeeding. Pathway analysis and RNAi knockdown revealed a role for lncRNA Gm15441 in regulating fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes. Altogether, these changes in coding and non-coding RNAs provide an integrated transcriptional network underlying the complexity of insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruben Garcia-Martin
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masahiro Konishi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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El-Hafidi M, Correa F, Zazueta C. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiolipin remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165744. [PMID: 32105822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an acidic phospholipid almost exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, that not only stabilizes the structure and function of individual components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, but regulates relevant mitochondrial processes, like mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure maintenance among others. Alterations in CL due to peroxidation, correlates with loss of such mitochondrial activities and disease progression. In this review it is recapitulated the current state of knowledge of the role of cardiolipin remodeling associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Correa
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch. 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
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36
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Ruegsegger GN, Manjunatha S, Summer P, Gopala S, Zabeilski P, Dasari S, Vanderboom PM, Lanza IR, Klaus KA, Nair KS. Insulin deficiency and intranasal insulin alter brain mitochondrial function: a potential factor for dementia in diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 33:4458-4472. [PMID: 30676773 PMCID: PMC6404590 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802043r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong association between diabetes and dementia, it remains to be fully elucidated how insulin deficiency adversely affects brain functions. We show that insulin deficiency in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice decreased mitochondrial ATP production and/or citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase activities in the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Concomitant decrease in mitochondrial fusion proteins and increased fission proteins in these brain regions likely contributed to altered mitochondrial function. Although insulin deficiency did not cause any detectable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission, inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters increased ROS emission and further reduced ATP production, indicating the causative roles of elevated ketones and lactate in counteracting oxidative stress and as a fuel source for ATP production during insulin deficiency. Moreover, in healthy mice, intranasal insulin administration increased mitochondrial ATP production, demonstrating a direct regulatory role of insulin on brain mitochondrial function. Proteomics analysis of the cerebrum showed that although insulin deficiency led to oxidative post-translational modification of several proteins that cause tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary degeneration, insulin administration enhanced neuronal development and neurotransmission pathways. Together these results render support for the critical role of insulin to maintain brain mitochondrial homeostasis and provide mechanistic insight into the potential therapeutic benefits of intranasal insulin.-Ruegsegger, G. N., Manjunatha, S., Summer, P., Gopala, S., Zabeilski, P., Dasari, S., Vanderboom, P. M., Lanza, I. R., Klaus, K. A., Nair, K. S. Insulin deficiency and intranasal insulin alter brain mitochondrial function: a potential factor for dementia in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Shankarappa Manjunatha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Priska Summer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Piotr Zabeilski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick M. Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Katherine A. Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
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37
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O'Neill BT, Bhardwaj G, Penniman CM, Krumpoch MT, Suarez Beltran PA, Klaus K, Poro K, Li M, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Nair KS, Kahn CR. FoxO Transcription Factors Are Critical Regulators of Diabetes-Related Muscle Atrophy. Diabetes 2019; 68:556-570. [PMID: 30523026 PMCID: PMC6385751 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency and uncontrolled diabetes lead to a catabolic state with decreased muscle strength, contributing to disease-related morbidity. FoxO transcription factors are suppressed by insulin and thus are key mediators of insulin action. To study their role in diabetic muscle wasting, we created mice with muscle-specific triple knockout of FoxO1/3/4 and induced diabetes in these M-FoxO-TKO mice with streptozotocin (STZ). Muscle mass and myofiber area were decreased 20-30% in STZ-Diabetes mice due to increased ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and autophagy alterations, characterized by increased LC3-containing vesicles, and elevated levels of phosphorylated ULK1 and LC3-II. Both the muscle loss and markers of increased degradation/autophagy were completely prevented in STZ FoxO-TKO mice. Transcriptomic analyses revealed FoxO-dependent increases in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways in STZ-Diabetes, including regulation of Fbxo32 (Atrogin1), Trim63 (MuRF1), Bnip3L, and Gabarapl. These same genes were increased 1.4- to 3.3-fold in muscle from humans with type 1 diabetes after short-term insulin deprivation. Thus, FoxO-regulated genes play a rate-limiting role in increased protein degradation and muscle atrophy in insulin-deficient diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T O'Neill
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gourav Bhardwaj
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christie M Penniman
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Megan T Krumpoch
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pablo A Suarez Beltran
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Katherine Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Kennedy Poro
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mengyao Li
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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38
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Voss TS, Vendelbo MH, Kampmann U, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Johannsen M, Svart MV, Jessen N, Møller N. Substrate metabolism, hormone and cytokine levels and adipose tissue signalling in individuals with type 1 diabetes after insulin withdrawal and subsequent insulin therapy to model the initiating steps of ketoacidosis. Diabetologia 2019; 62:494-503. [PMID: 30506451 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lack of insulin and infection/inflammation are the two most common causes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We used insulin withdrawal followed by insulin administration as a clinical model to define effects on substrate metabolism and to test whether increased levels of counter-regulatory hormones and cytokines and altered adipose tissue signalling participate in the early phases of DKA. METHODS Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes, without complications, were randomly studied twice, in a crossover design, for 5 h followed by 2.5 h high-dose insulin clamp: (1) insulin-controlled euglycaemia (control) and (2) after 14 h of insulin withdrawal in a university hospital setting. RESULTS Insulin withdrawal increased levels of glucose (6.1 ± 0.5 vs 18.6 ± 0.5 mmol/l), NEFA, 3-OHB (127 ± 18 vs 1837 ± 298 μmol/l), glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone and decreased HCO3- and pH, without affecting catecholamine or cytokine levels. Whole-body energy expenditure, endogenous glucose production (1.55 ± 0.13 vs 2.70 ± 0.31 mg kg-1 min-1), glucose turnover, non-oxidative glucose disposal, lipid oxidation, palmitate flux (73 [range 39-104] vs 239 [151-474] μmol/min), protein oxidation and phenylalanine flux all increased, whereas glucose oxidation decreased. In adipose tissue, Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt and mRNA levels of G0S2 decreased, whereas CGI-58 (also known as ABHD5) mRNA increased. Protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylations were unaltered. Insulin therapy decreased plasma glucose concentrations dramatically after insulin withdrawal, without any detectable effect on net forearm glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Release of counter-regulatory hormones and overall increased catabolism, including lipolysis, are prominent features of preacidotic ketosis induced by insulin withdrawal, and dampening of Akt insulin signalling and transcriptional modulation of ATGL activity are involved. The lack of any increase in net forearm glucose uptake during insulin therapy after insulin withdrawal indicates muscle insulin resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02077348 FUNDING: This study was supported by Aarhus University and the KETO Study Group/Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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39
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Wolf P, Fellinger P, Pfleger L, Smajis S, Beiglböck H, Gajdošík M, Anderwald CH, Trattnig S, Luger A, Winhofer Y, Krššák M, Krebs M. Reduced hepatocellular lipid accumulation and energy metabolism in patients with long standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2576. [PMID: 30796305 PMCID: PMC6385341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome increases in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the general population this is linked with ectopic lipid accumulation in liver (HCL) and skeletal muscle (IMCL), representing hallmarks in the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, hepatic mitochondrial activity is lower in newly diagnosed patients with T1DM. If this precedes later development of diabetes related fatty liver disease is currently not known. This study aims to investigate energy metabolism in liver (kATP) and skeletal muscle (kCK) and its impact on HCL, IMCL, cardiac fat depots and heart function in 10 patients with long standing T1DM compared to 11 well-matched controls by 31P/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HCL was almost 70% lower in T1DM compared to controls (6.9 ± 5% vs 2.1 ± 1.3%; p = 0.030). Also kATP was significantly reduced (0.33 ± 0.1 s-1 vs 0.17 ± 0.1 s-1; p = 0.018). In T1DM, dose of basal insulin strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.676, p = 0.032) and HCL (r = 0.643, p = 0.045), but not with kATP. In the whole cohort, HCL was significantly associated with BMI (r = 0.615, p = 0.005). In skeletal muscle kCK was lower in patients with T1DM (0.25 ± 0.05 s-1 vs 0.31 ± 0-04 s-1; p = 0.039). No significant differences were found in IMCL. Cardiac fat depots as well as heart function were not different. Our results in patients with long standing T1DM show that HCL is lower compared to matched controls, despite reduced energy metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Fellinger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Centre of Excellence - High Field MR, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Smajis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Beiglböck
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gajdošík
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Centre of Excellence - High Field MR, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian-Heinz Anderwald
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Centre of Excellence - High Field MR, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Winhofer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Centre of Excellence - High Field MR, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Ruegsegger GN, Creo AL, Cortes TM, Dasari S, Nair KS. Altered mitochondrial function in insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant states. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3671-3681. [PMID: 30168804 DOI: 10.1172/jci120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes profoundly alters fuel metabolism; both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are characterized by inefficient mitochondrial coupling and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) despite their association with normal to high oxygen consumption. Altered mitochondrial function in diabetes can be traced to insulin's pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial proteome abundance and quality by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and preventing proteome damage and degradation, respectively. Although insulin enhances gene transcription, it also induces decreases in amino acids. Thus, if amino acid depletion is not corrected, increased transcription will not result in enhanced translation of transcripts to proteins. Mitochondrial biology varies among tissues, and although most studies in humans are performed in skeletal muscle, abnormalities have been reported in multiple organs in preclinical models of diabetes. Nutrient excess, especially fat excess, alters mitochondrial physiology by driving excess ROS emission that impairs insulin action. Excessive ROS irreversibly damages DNA and proteome with adverse effects on cellular functions. In insulin-resistant people, aerobic exercise stimulates both mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency concurrent with enhancement of insulin action. This Review discusses the association between both insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes and alterations in mitochondrial proteome homeostasis and function that adversely affect cellular functions, likely contributing to many diabetic complications.
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Pottecher J, Adamopoulos C, Lejay A, Bouitbir J, Charles AL, Meyer A, Singer M, Wolff V, Diemunsch P, Laverny G, Metzger D, Geny B. Diabetes Worsens Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis After Lower-Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion: Implication of the RISK and SAFE Pathways? Front Physiol 2018; 9:579. [PMID: 29872405 PMCID: PMC5972292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetic patients respond poorly to revascularization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether diabetes worsens ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced muscle dysfunction and the involvement of endogenous protective kinases in this process. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats were randomized to control or to IR injury (3 h of aortic cross-clamping and 2 h of reperfusion). Mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and endogenous protective kinases (RISK and SAFE pathways) were investigated in rat gastrocnemius, together with upstream (GSK-3β) and downstream (cleaved caspase-3) effectors of apoptosis. Results: Although already impaired when compared to non-diabetic controls at baseline, the decline in mitochondrial respiration after IR was more severe in diabetic rats. In diabetic animals, IR-triggered oxidative stress (increased ROS production and reduced SOD2 levels) and effectors of apoptosis (reduced GSK-3β inactivation and higher cleaved caspase-3 levels) were increased to a higher level than in the non-diabetics. IR had no effect on the RISK pathway in non-diabetics and diabetic rats, but increased STAT 3 only in the latter. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes worsens IR-induced skeletal muscle injury, endogenous protective pathways not being efficiently stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pottecher
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chris Adamopoulos
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Cardiology, St. Paul General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anne Lejay
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Wolff
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Diemunsch
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Sedivy P, Dezortova M, Drobny M, Vlasakova Z, Herynek V, Hajek M. Differences in muscle metabolism in patients with type I diabetes - influence of gender and nephropathy studied by (31)P MR spectroscopy. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527910 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a complex disease with adverse effects on organs and tissues despite compensation by insulin treatment. The goal of our study was to study how kidney diseases change (31)P MR parameters of muscle metabolism in DM1 patients with respect to gender. 51 DM1 patients (19 m/14 f without and 13 m/5 f with nephropathy) and 26 (14 m/12 f) healthy volunteers were examined using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T tomograph at rest, and during and after a calf muscle exercise. The exercise consisted of a six-minute plantar flexion using a pedal ergometer followed by a six-minute recovery. It is reflected by reduced relative beta-ATP and increased Pi and phosphodiester signals to phosphocreatine (PCr) at rest and prolongation of the PCr recovery time after the exercise. Measurement on healthy volunteers indicated differences between males and females in pH at the rest and after the exercise only. These differences between patients groups were not significant. We have proven that nephropathy affects the metabolism in diabetic patients and our results confirm significant difference between patients with and without nephropathy. Gender differences in pH were observed only between male and female healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sedivy
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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43
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The effect of blood glucose regulation on sarcopenia parameters in obese and diabetic patients. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 64:72-79. [PMID: 31453492 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2018.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effect of blood glucose regulation on sarcopenia parameters in sarcopenic, obese, and poorly- regulated diabetic patients. Patients and methods Between June 2013 and December 2013, a total of 147 patients (64 males, 83 females; mean age 70.3±6.3 years; range, 60 to 90 years) who were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria were included in the study. All patients were obese with a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2 and their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were above 8%. Sarcopenia parameters including the gait speed, muscle strength, muscle mass, and handgrip strength were assessed. After a six-month treatment period, the patients were divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels as having <8% or >8%. Sarcopenia parameters were evaluated before and after receiving treatment. Results The mean disease duration was 16±6.2 years. Sixty patients were found to have a HbA1c level of <8% and 45 patients with a HbA1c level of ≥8% at sixth months of follow-up. In better regulated group, sarcopenia parameters such as gait speed, muscle mass, and handgrip strength improved; however, only the change in the muscle mass was found to be statistically significant (p=0.041). There was no significant change in the parameters of sarcopenia in the patient group with a HbA1c level ≥8%. A negative correlation was found between the muscle mass and HbA1c levels in good- and poorly-regulated groups (p=0.039 r:-0.327 and p=0.044 r:-0.183, respectively). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that lowering HbA1c levels may have positive effects on the muscle mass even in diabetic and sarcopenic obese elderly individuals.
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James HA, O'Neill BT, Nair KS. Insulin Regulation of Proteostasis and Clinical Implications. Cell Metab 2017; 26:310-323. [PMID: 28712655 PMCID: PMC8020859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance and modification of the cellular proteome are at the core of normal cellular physiology. Although insulin is well known for its control of glucose homeostasis, its critical role in maintaining proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) is less appreciated. Insulin signaling regulates protein synthesis and degradation as well as posttranslational modifications at the tissue level and coordinates proteostasis at the organism level. Here, we review regulation of proteostasis by insulin in postabsorptive, postprandial, and diabetic states. We present the effects of insulin on amino acid flux in skeletal muscle and splanchnic tissues, the regulation of protein quality control, and turnover of mitochondrial protein pools in humans. We also review the current evidence for the mechanistic control of proteostasis by insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss irreversible posttranslational modifications of the proteome in diabetes and how future investigations will provide new insights into mechanisms of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh A James
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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45
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Franko A, Kunze A, Böse M, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Paulsson M, Hartmann U, Wiesner RJ. Impaired Insulin Signaling is Associated with Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction in IR +/--IRS-1 +/- Double Heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061156. [PMID: 28556799 PMCID: PMC5485980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, but whether insulin signaling per se could regulate mitochondrial function has not been identified yet. To investigate whether mitochondrial function is regulated by insulin signaling, we analyzed muscle and liver of insulin receptor (IR)+/−-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)+/− double heterozygous (IR-IRS1dh) mice, a well described model for insulin resistance. IR-IRS1dh mice were studied at the age of 6 and 12 months and glucose metabolism was determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Mitochondrial enzyme activities, oxygen consumption, and membrane potential were assessed using spectrophotometric, respirometric, and proton motive force analysis, respectively. IR-IRS1dh mice showed elevated serum insulin levels. Hepatic mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced in IR-IRS1dh animals at 12 months of age. Furthermore, 6-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice demonstrated enhanced mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle, but a tendency of impaired glucose tolerance. On the other hand, 12-month-old IR-IRS1dh mice showed improved glucose tolerance, but normal muscle mitochondrial function. Our data revealed that deficiency in IR/IRS-1 resulted in normal or even elevated skeletal muscle, but impaired hepatic mitochondrial function, suggesting a direct cross-talk between insulin signaling and mitochondria in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kunze
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marlen Böse
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jürgen-Christoph von Kleist-Retzow
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Köln, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Köln, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Early energy metabolism-related molecular events in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats: The effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:188-196. [PMID: 28483572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital role of skeletal muscle in control of whole-body metabolism and the severity of long-term diabetic complications, we aimed to reveal the molecular pattern of early diabetes-related skeletal muscle phenotype in terms of energy metabolism, focusing on regulatory mechanisms, and the possibility to improve it using two redox modulators, l-arginine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats (120 mg/kg) were treated with l-arginine or the highly specific SOD mimic, M40403, for 7 days. As appropriate controls, non-diabetic rats received the same treatments. We found that l-arginine and M40403 restored diabetes-induced impairment of phospho-5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling by upregulating AMPKα protein itself and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1. Also, there was a restitution of the protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation components (complex I, complex II and complex IV) and mitofusin 2. Furthermore, l-arginine and M40403 induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the membrane and upregulation of protein of phosphofructokinase and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, diminishing negative diabetic effects on limiting factors of glucose and lipid metabolism. Both treatments abolished diabetes-induced downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase proteins (SERCA 1 and 2). Similar effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic treatments suggest that disturbances in the superoxide/nitric oxide ratio may be responsible for skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic impairment in early diabetes. Our results provide evidence that l-arginine and SOD mimics have potential in preventing and treating metabolic disturbances accompanying this widespread metabolic disease.
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Moser O, Eckstein ML, McCarthy O, Deere R, Bain SC, Haahr HL, Zijlstra E, Bracken RM. Poor glycaemic control is associated with reduced exercise performance and oxygen economy during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:93. [PMID: 29201153 PMCID: PMC5697085 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the impact of glycaemic control (HbA1c) on functional capacity during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Sixty-four individuals with type 1 diabetes (age: 34 ± 8 years; 13 females, HbA1c: 7.8 ± 1% (62 ± 13 mmol/mol), duration of diabetes: 17 ± 9 years) performed a cardio-pulmonary cycle ergometer exercise test until volitional exhaustion. Stepwise linear regression was used to explore relationships between HbA1c and cardio-respiratory data with p ≤ 0.05. Furthermore, participants were divided into quartiles based on HbA1c levels and cardio-respiratory data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the relationships between changes in time to exhaustion and cardio-respiratory data. Data were adjusted for confounder. RESULTS HbA1c was related to time to exhaustion and oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the sub-maximal threshold of the heart rate turn point (r = 0.47, R2 = 0.22, p = 0.03). Significant differences were found at time to exhaustion between QI vs. QIV and at oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the heart rate turn point between QI vs. QII and QI vs. QIV (p < 0.05). Changes in oxygen uptake, power output and in oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the heart rate turn point and at maximum power output explained 55% of the variance in time to exhaustion (r = 0.74, R2 = 0.55, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Poor glycaemic control is related to less economical use of oxygen at sub-maximal work rates and an earlier time to exhaustion during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing. However, exercise training could have the same potential to counteract the influence of poor glycaemic control on functional capacity. Trial registration NCT01704417. Date of registration: October 11, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar Moser
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Max L. Eckstein
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Olivia McCarthy
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Rachel Deere
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - Hanne L. Haahr
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 108, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | | | - Richard M. Bracken
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
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Robinson MM, Dasari S, Karakelides H, Bergen HR, Nair KS. Release of skeletal muscle peptide fragments identifies individual proteins degraded during insulin deprivation in type 1 diabetic humans and mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E628-37. [PMID: 27436610 PMCID: PMC5142007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00175.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates skeletal muscle protein degradation, but the types of proteins being degraded in vivo remain to be determined due to methodological limitations. We present a method to assess the types of skeletal muscle proteins that are degraded by extracting their degradation products as low-molecular weight (LMW) peptides from muscle samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify the original intact proteins that generated the LMW peptides, which we validated in rodents and then applied to humans. We deprived insulin from insulin-treated streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice for 6 and 96 h and for 8 h in type 1 diabetic humans (T1D) for comparison with insulin-treated conditions. Protein degradation was measured using activation of autophagy and proteasome pathways, stable isotope tracers, and LMW approaches. In mice, insulin deprivation activated proteasome pathways and autophagy in muscle homogenates and isolated mitochondria. Reproducibility analysis of LMW extracts revealed that ∼80% of proteins were detected consistently. As expected, insulin deprivation increased whole body protein turnover in T1D. Individual protein degradation increased with insulin deprivation, including those involved in mitochondrial function, proteome homeostasis, nDNA support, and contractile/cytoskeleton. Individual mitochondrial proteins that generated more LMW fragment with insulin deprivation included ATP synthase subunit-γ (+0.5-fold, P = 0.007) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6 (+0.305-fold, P = 0.03). In conclusion, identifying LMW peptide fragments offers an approach to determine the degradation of individual proteins. Insulin deprivation increases degradation of select proteins and provides insight into the regulatory role of insulin in maintaining proteome homeostasis, especially of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | | | - H Robert Bergen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Manjunatha S, Distelmaier K, Dasari S, Carter RE, Kudva YC, Nair KS. Functional and proteomic alterations of plasma high density lipoproteins in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2016; 65:1421-31. [PMID: 27506748 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is linked to lower cardiovascular risk but individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with normal or high HDL-C have higher cardiovascular events compared to age matched non-diabetic controls (ND). We determined whether altered HDL functions despite having normal HDL-C concentration may explain increased cardiovascular risk in T1DM individuals. We also determined whether irreversible posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of HDL bound proteins occur in T1DM individuals with altered HDL functions. METHODS T1DM with poor glycemic control (T1D-PC, HbA1c≥8.5%, n=15) and T1DM with good glycemic control (T1D-GC, HbA1c≤6.6%, n=15) were compared with equal numbers of NDs, ND-PC and ND-GC respectively, matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). We measured cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL in the serum using J774 macrophages, antioxidant function of HDL as the ability to reverse the oxidative damage of LDL and PON1 activity using commercially available kit. For proteomic analysis, HDL was isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and was analyzed by mass spectrometry and shotgun proteomics method. RESULTS Plasma HDL-C concentrations in both T1DM groups were similar to their ND. However, CEC (%) of T1D-PC (16.9±0.8) and T1D-GC (17.1±1) were lower than their respective ND (17.9±1, p=0.01 and 18.2±1.4, p=0.02). HDL antioxidative function also was lower (p<0.05). The abundance of oxidative PTMs of apolipoproteins involved in CEC and antioxidative functions of HDL were higher in T1D-PC (ApoA4, p=0.041) and T1D-GC (ApoA4, p=0.025 and ApoE, p=0.041) in comparison with ND. Both T1D-PC and T1D-GC groups had higher abundance of amadori modification of ApoD (p=0.002 and p=0.041 respectively) and deamidation modification of ApoA4 was higher in T1D-PC (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS Compromised functions of HDL particles in T1DM individuals, irrespective of glycemic control, could be explained by higher abundance of irreversible PTMs of HDL proteins. These results lend mechanistic support to the hypothesis that HDL quality rather than quantity determines HDL function in T1DM and suggest that measurements of concentrations of HbA1c and HDL-C are not sufficient as biomarkers of effective treatment to lower cardiovascular risk in T1DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Distelmaier
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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50
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Combining biochemical with (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach unravels the antidiabetic activity of genipin and its possible mechanism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:80-89. [PMID: 27411170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a typical heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Genipin possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities including ameliorating effects on diabetes, but the definite mechanism of this effect remains unknown. To investigate the antidiabetic activities of genipin and explore the biochemical changes of serum endogenous metabolites on diabetic rats induced by alloxan, (1)H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to. All rats were randomly divided into six groups including negative control (NC) group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, metformin hydrochloride group, high dose group of genipin, middle dose group of genipin and low dose group of genipin. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 120mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Serum samples were collected for the (1)H NMR-based metabolomics and clinical biochemical analysis. Daily oral administration of genipin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight) and metformin hydrochloride (125mg/kg) for two weeks showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.01). Significant differences in the metabolic profile as well as the result of biochemical parameters between the diabetic group and the control group were observed. The PLS-DA scores and corresponding loading plots demonstrated that genipin significantly restored the abnormal metabolic state. Detailed analysis of the altered metabolite levels indicated that genipin significantly ameliorated the disturbance in glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Genipin showed the best anti-diabetic effects at a dose of 100mg/kg in rats. This finding indicates that chemical and metabolomic approaches could be powerful tools for the investigation of the biochemical changes in pathological conditions or drug treatment.
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