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Liimatta J, du Toit T, Voegel CD, Jääskeläinen J, Lakka TA, Flück CE. Multiple androgen pathways contribute to the steroid signature of adrenarche. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112293. [PMID: 38838762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenarche is a normal developmental event in mid-childhood characterized by increasing adrenal androgen secretion. The role of the classic androgen pathway has been well described in adrenarche, but the role of newer active androgens and additional androgen pathways is less clear. OBJECTIVE To study the contribution of novel androgens and related steroid biosynthesis pathways to the development of adrenarche, and to identify additional steroid biomarkers of adrenarche. DESIGN A longitudinal study of children aged 6-8 years at baseline, followed up at ages 8-10 and 14-16 years. A total of 34 children (20 girls) with clinical and/or biochemical signs of adrenarche (cases) and 24 children (11 girls) without these signs (controls) at age 8-10 years were included. Serum steroid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-two steroids compartmentalized in progestagens, gluco- and mineralocorticoid pathways, and four androgen related pathways, including the classic, backdoor, 11-oxy, and 11-oxy backdoor pathways. RESULTS The classic and 11-oxy androgen pathways were more active, and serum concentrations of main androgens in the classic (dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and androsterone) and 11-oxy (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione, and 11-ketotestosterone) pathways were higher in cases at ages 6-8 and 8-10 years. Pregnenolone concentrations at adrenarchal age (8-10 years) and cortisol concentrations at adolescence (14-16 years) were higher in cases. 11β-hydroxyandrosterone and 11-ketoandrosterone tended to be higher in cases with clinical signs compared to cases who had only biochemical evidence of adrenarche, albeit they were detected at low levels. In biomarker analyses, calculated steroid ratios with cortisol, cortisone, or 11-deoxycortisone as dividers were better classifiers for adrenarche than single steroids. Among these ratios, androstenedione/cortisone was the best. CONCLUSIONS The classic and 11-oxy androgen pathways are active in adrenarche. Children with earlier timing of adrenarche have higher serum cortisol levels at late pubertal age, suggesting that early adrenarche might have long-term effects on adrenal steroidogenesis by increasing the activity of the glucocorticoid pathway. Future studies should employ comprehensive steroid profiling to define novel classifiers and biomarkers for adrenarche and premature adrenarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Liimatta
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Therina du Toit
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa D Voegel
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Piippo S, Hauta-Alus H, Viljanen M, Savilahti E, Kuitunen M. Dairy consumption and vitamin D concentration in adolescents with challenge-confirmed cow's milk allergy during infancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:897-904. [PMID: 39069532 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Milk is an important source of dietary calcium and, if fortified, vitamin D. Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is treated with a milk elimination diet. Although most children become tolerant by age 3 years, some continue dairy avoidance. It remains unclear whether adolescents with a history of CMA adopt similar milk consumption as their peers. We assessed dairy consumption and concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in adolescents with either confirmed CMA or a negative CMA challenge in infancy (CMA-refuted group) and age-matched controls. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study is based on a previously reported randomized controlled trial from 1999 to 2002 on the treatment effect of probiotics on atopic eczema in participants aged <12 months (n = 230) with data on CMA status. We followed up these participants, aged 15-18 years, in 2017 (n = 104). A 20-item food frequency questionnaire assessed dairy consumption. An automated immunoassay measured 25(OH)D concentration. RESULTS Median dairy product consumption did not differ between adolescents with CMA (449 g/d, n = 40), the CMA-refuted group (566 g/d, n = 36), and controls (235 g/d, n = 51) (P = 0.117). Median 25(OH)D concentrations were 76.0, 79.3, and 80.8 nmol/l, respectively (P = 0.844). Among participants, 93% were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l), with no differences between groups (P = 0.914). CONCLUSION Among adolescents with a history of CMA during infancy, our study found no reintroduction failure of milk and no difference in vitamin D insufficiency rate compared with peers. Current management of CMA seems to adequately minimize later nutritional disadvantages associated with a cow's milk elimination diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Piippo
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Hauta-Alus
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Public Health Research team, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirva Viljanen
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Ojanperä L, Lehtimäki L, Huhtala H, Csonka P. Inhaled corticosteroid delivery is markedly affected by breathing pattern and valved holding chamber model. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 39347594 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of high-quality research on the efficient delivery of inhaled corticosteroids using valved holding chambers (VHCs) in children. METHODS The delivered dose (DD) of fluticasone from a metered dose inhaler (pMDI) was tested using four VHCs: AeroChamber plus Flow-Vu (AC), Babyhaler (BH), EasyChamber (EC), and Optichamber Diamond (OD). The in vitro setup included an anatomical child throat model, Next Generation Impactor, and a breathing simulator to generate tidal breathing of a four and a 6-year-old child, and adult type single inhalation. RESULTS OD showed the lowest proportion of fluticasone trapped in the throat with all breathing patterns. AC showed similar fine particle dose (FPD) in the respirable range (1-5 µm) irrespective of the breathing pattern. For BH, the median FPD 1-5 µm was highest during adult breathing. OD and EC showed higher overall DD and higher doses in the 1-5 µm range with paediatric breathing profiles compared to adult inhalation. The median DD and FPD 1-5 µm were significantly lower with BH compared to any other VHCs during tidal breathing. Compared to EC, the FPD of the other VHCs were skewed towards <2 µm particles. CONCLUSION Fluticasone delivery is markedly affected by breathing pattern and VHC model. The observed differences in throat deposition and FPD delivered may have significant clinical implications for side effects and controlling airway inflammation. All VHCs intended for paediatric use should undergo testing using internationally recognised standardised methods incorporating clinically relevant paediatric breathing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ojanperä
- Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Tampere University Hospital, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Péter Csonka
- Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Terveystalo Healthcare, Rautatienkatu 27, Tampere, 33100, Finland
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Maharaj AV, Ishida M, Rybak A, Elfeky R, Andrews A, Joshi A, Elmslie F, Joensuu A, Kantojärvi K, Jia RY, Perry JRB, O'Toole EA, McGuffin LJ, Hwa V, Storr HL. QSOX2 Deficiency-induced short stature, gastrointestinal dysmotility and immune dysfunction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8420. [PMID: 39341815 PMCID: PMC11439042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal growth failure is often attributed to dysregulated somatotropin action, however marked genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity exist. We report five patients from three families who present with short stature, immune dysfunction, atopic eczema and gastrointestinal pathology associated with recessive variants in QSOX2. QSOX2 encodes a nuclear membrane protein linked to disulphide isomerase and oxidoreductase activity. Loss of QSOX2 disrupts Growth hormone-mediated STAT5B nuclear translocation despite enhanced Growth hormone-induced STAT5B phosphorylation. Moreover, patient-derived dermal fibroblasts demonstrate Growth hormone-induced mitochondriopathy and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Located at the nuclear membrane, QSOX2 acts as a gatekeeper for regulating stabilisation and import of phosphorylated-STAT5B. Altogether, QSOX2 deficiency modulates human growth by impairing Growth hormone-STAT5B downstream activities and mitochondrial dynamics, which contribute to multi-system dysfunction. Furthermore, our work suggests that therapeutic recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 may circumvent the Growth hormone-STAT5B dysregulation induced by pathological QSOX2 variants and potentially alleviate organ specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash V Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
| | - Miho Ishida
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Anna Rybak
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Reem Elfeky
- Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Afiya Andrews
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Aakash Joshi
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frances Elmslie
- Genomics Clinical Academic Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anni Joensuu
- THL Biobank, the Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- THL Biobank, the Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Liam J McGuffin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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Haapala EA, Leppänen MH, Skog H, Lubans DR, Viitasalo A, Lintu N, Jalanko P, Määttä S, Lakka TA. Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Study. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z. [PMID: 39251523 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence. METHODS The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6-9 years at baseline and 15-17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [Wmax]; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education. RESULTS Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [β] - 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.318 to - 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (β = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032-0.333) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028-0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (Wmax: β = - 0.166, 95% CI - 0.296 to - 0.036; VO2peak: β = - 0.149, 95% CI - 0.295 to - 0.002) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = - 0.276, 95% CI - 0.405 to - 0.147; VO2peak: β = - 0.247, 95% CI - 0.393 to - 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (Wmax: β = - 0.158, 95% CI - 0.312 to - 0.003; VO2peak: β = - 0.220, 95% CI - 0.395 to - 0.044) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = - 0.216, 95% CI - 0.371 to - 0.061; VO2peak: β = - 0.257, 95% CI - 0.433 to - 0.080). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Marja H Leppänen
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannamari Skog
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Jalanko
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Kasanen M, Sääkslahti A, Niemistö D, Tolvanen A, Luukkainen NM, Meklin E, Laukkanen A. Process- and Product-Oriented Fundamental Movement Skills in Early Childhood as Predictors of Later Health-Related Fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1722-1731. [PMID: 38640192 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skill domains of fundamental movement skills (FMS), emphasizing gross motor movements, including locomotor skills (LMS) and object control skills (OCS), along with process- and product-oriented measures of FMS, may predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) differently. This study investigates the longitudinal relationship from early childhood FMS, focusing on process-oriented LMS and OCS and product-oriented FMS, to CRF and MF in late childhood. METHODS The study involved 441 Finnish children (49.9% female; mean age at baseline, 5.5 yr) over a 6-yr period. FMS was evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development, third version, for process-oriented LMS and OCS, and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) was used to evaluate the product-oriented FMS. CRF was assessed through the total number of laps completed in the 20-m shuttle run test, whereas MF was measured via repetitions of curl-ups and push-ups. Employing a two-level cross-classified regression analysis and Cholesky decomposition, this study aimed to determine the contributions of product-oriented KTK and process-oriented LMS and OCS. Adjustments for variations in age, measurement intervals, and maturation were achieved through residualization. In addition, gender and body mass index were incorporated as covariates in the analysis. RESULTS The analysis revealed that process-oriented LMS (CRF: Δ R2 = 0.016; MF: Δ R2 = 0.014) significantly predicted later health-related fitness, whereas OCS did not. However, KTK exhibited a better ability to predict both CRF (Δ R2 = 0.092) and MF (Δ R2 = 0.032), overshadowing process-oriented measures. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings suggest that KTK, which potentially encompasses a broader spectrum of fitness elements along with FMS, more effectively predicts health-related fitness components than process-oriented FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kasanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Donna Niemistö
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - Elina Meklin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Arto Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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Räsänen K, Soisalo K, Markula-Patjas K, Kantanen S, Sipilä K, Lakka TA, Valve-Dietz AK, Piippo-Savolainen E, Arikoski P. Increased adiposity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis - A comparison of the bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body composition. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2072-2080. [PMID: 38847445 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Higher adiposity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have been reported in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but body composition measurements have produced inconsistent results. This controlled cross-sectional study assessed body composition with two methods to evaluate adiposity in children with JIA. METHODS We measured body composition by dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) from 79 JIA-patients in two Finish university hospitals in 2017-2019. Their age- and sex-matched controls (n = 79) were selected from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children- study and through National Registry. RESULTS Body fat percentage measured by BIA was higher (mean, SD) in patients compared to controls (23.1 ± 9.3% vs. 20.1 ± 7.5%, p = 0.047). Also, using DXA, there was a tendency of higher body fat percentage in patients (27.1 ± 9.1% vs. 24.6 ± 8.6, p = 0.106). BIA and DXA showed strong correlation (r from 0.810 to 0.977) in all body composition variables. CONCLUSION Increased adiposity was observed in patients with JIA. Evaluation of body composition should be included in the multidisciplinary care of JIA to reduce the possible risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. BIA could be a useful tool for assessing body composition due to its clinical availability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Räsänen
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Soisalo
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Markula-Patjas
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saija Kantanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kalle Sipilä
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Valve-Dietz
- Department of Clinical physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institution of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Piippo-Savolainen
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Arikoski
- Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Renlund-Vikström M, Jääskeläinen TJ, Kivelä A, Heinonen S, Laivuori H, Sarkola T. Cardiac Structure and Function in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children Following In-Utero Exposure to Preeclampsia (FINNCARE Study). J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034494. [PMID: 39011963 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated how elevated blood pressure in children exposed to preeclampsia (PE) impacted on their cardiac structure and function, as well as relations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors and child body size and composition. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 182 PE (46 early-onset preeclampsia) and 85 unexposed (non-PE) children were examined in the FINNCARE study 8 to 12 years after the index pregnancy with echocardiography; office, central, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures; and body anthropometrics and composition. PE children had lower right ventricular basal sphericity index (mean difference, -0.26 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.12) and lower mitral lateral E'-wave peak velocity (-1.4 cm/s [95% CI, -2.1 to -0.6]), as well as higher E to E' ratio (0.40 [95% CI, 0.15-0.65]) and indexed tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.05]) compared with non-PE children. These differences were accentuated in early-onset PE children. Left ventricular mass (LVM) or left atrial volume were not different between PE and non-PE children. Lean body mass, body fat percentage, and 24-hour systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of LVM. Lean body mass and body fat percentage were independent predictors of left atrial volume. No significant associations between LVM or left atrial volume and maternal, gestational, or perinatal parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS Preadolescent PE children display a more globular-shaped right ventricle with higher longitudinal systolic displacement as well as mildly altered diastolic indices, with the alterations being pronounced in early-onset preeclampsia. Lean body mass and adiposity are independently related with LVM and left atrial volume, and systolic blood pressure with LVM in both PE and non-PE children. These unfavorable associations indicate remodeling of cardiac structure in young children also reflected in mild functional changes in PE children. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT04676295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Renlund-Vikström
- Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Tiina J Jääskeläinen
- Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Anni Kivelä
- Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research Tampere Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
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Litwin L, Sundholm JKM, Olander RFW, Meinilä J, Kulmala J, Tammelin TH, Rönö K, Koivusalo SB, Eriksson JG, Sarkola T. Associations Between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Health in 6-Year-Old Children Born to Mothers With Increased Cardiometabolic Risk. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:146-154. [PMID: 38154001 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess associations between sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular health in early childhood. METHOD Cross-sectional study including 160 children (age 6.1 y [SD 0.5], 86 boys, 93 maternal body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, and 73 gestational diabetes) assessed for pulse wave velocity, echocardiography, ultra-high frequency 48-70 MHz vascular ultrasound, and accelerometery. RESULTS Boys had 385 (SD 53) minutes per day ST, 305 (SD 44) minutes per day light PA, and 81 (SD 22) minutes per day moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Girls had 415 (SD 50) minutes per day ST, 283 (SD 40) minutes per day light PA, and 66 (SD 19) minutes per day MVPA. In adjusted analyses, MVPA was inversely associated with resting heart rate (β = -6.6; 95% confidence interval, -12.5 to -0.7) and positively associated with left ventricular mass (β = 6.8; 1.4-12.3), radial intima-media thickness (β = 11.4; 5.4-17.5), brachial intima-media thickness (β = 8.0; 2.0-14.0), and femoral intima-media thickness (β = 1.3; 0.2-2.3). MVPA was inversely associated with body fat percentage (β = -3.4; -6.6 to -0.2), diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.05; -0.8 to -0.1), and femoral (β = -18.1; -32.4 to -0.8) and radial (β = -13.4; -24.0 to -2.9) circumferential wall stress in boys only. ST and pulse wave velocity showed no significant associations. CONCLUSIONS In young at-risk children, MVPA is associated with cardiovascular remodeling, partly in a sex-dependant way, likely representing physiological adaptation, but ST shows no association with cardiovascular health in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Litwin
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, FMS in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice,Poland
| | - Johnny K M Sundholm
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Rasmus F W Olander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Jelena Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Janne Kulmala
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Kristiina Rönö
- Women's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Saila B Koivusalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku,Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki,Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore,Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore,Singapore
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki,Finland
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10
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Mishina K, Kronström K, Heinonen E, Sourander A. Body dissatisfaction and dieting among Finnish adolescents: a 20-year population-based time-trend study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2605-2614. [PMID: 38168825 PMCID: PMC11272674 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Body image has an important role in the health and development of adolescents. Body dissatisfaction and dieting can become chronic and continue into adulthood. There is a lack of recent, comprehensive studies on ongoing trends on body dissatisfaction. This study assessed time-trend changes in self-reported body dissatisfaction and dieting among Finnish adolescents at four assessment points. Representative samples of adolescents (N = 6660) aged 13-16 years participated in school-based, cross-sectional studies in 1998 (N = 1458), 2008 (N = 2044), 2014 (N = 1809), and 2018 (N = 1349), respectively. The studies were similar in design, methodology, and geographical recruitment areas. Body dissatisfaction and dieting were assessed with a questionnaire including items derived from the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. From 1998 to 2018, dieting and fears related to gaining weight decreased among females. Body dissatisfaction reduced among females, and their wishes to become thinner became less prevalent. Consuming large amounts of food at one time consistently decreased among females and males and there were no changes in the rates of willful vomiting. The number of females in the 90th percentile with the most severe symptoms decreased. The results indicate that body dissatisfaction and disturbed dieting improved among females during the 20-year study. Despite these positive developments, the overall level of symptoms among females remained substantial, indicating that females have much higher levels of body dissatisfaction and dieting than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Mishina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kim Kronström
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emmi Heinonen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 20014, Turku, Finland
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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11
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Luukkainen N, Laukkanen A, Niemistö D, Kotkajuuri J, Meklin E, Sääkslahti A. Longitudinal relationship between organised and non-organised physical activities and overall physical activity in children aged 3-11 years. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1197-1206. [PMID: 39054814 PMCID: PMC11295102 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Young children's physical activity (PA) has been decreasing while their sports participation has been increasing. Therefore, the aim of this research was to longitudinally examine whether and, if so, how organised and non-organised PA participation by early childhood education and care (ECEC)-aged children (T1; 3-8 years) predicted their accelerometer-measured PA at primary school age (T2; 7-11 years). Secondarily, changes in organised and non-organised PA participation over time were investigated. The cluster-randomised study participants comprised 501 Finnish children (52.3% girls: T1, Mage = 5.57 ± 1.06; T2, Mage = 8.80 ± 1.07). PA participation was queried via guardian questionnaire at T1 and T2. Organised PA participation was operationalised as non-participation, participation in one sport or multisport (two or more) participation; non-organised PA was operationalised as time spent outdoors on weekdays and on weekend days. PA at T2 was measured using accelerometers. The primary outcome was tested using linear regressions, while a paired sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test assessed differences between T1 and T2. The results showed outdoor time and organised sports participation increased from T1 to T2. Moreover, outdoor time at T1 predicted more moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and less sedentary time at T2, while multisport participation predicted significantly more MVPA and less sedentary time at T2. Overall, being outdoors and multisport participation at younger ages appear to have predicted Finnish children's later (MV) PA and sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arto Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyvaskylaFinland
| | - Donna Niemistö
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyvaskylaFinland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyvaskylaFinland
| | - Elina Meklin
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyvaskylaFinland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyvaskylaFinland
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12
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Martikainen A, Eloranta AM, Schwab U, Örmälä T. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 1-year dietary and physical activity intervention of childhood obesity-study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:508. [PMID: 39068465 PMCID: PMC11283699 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate and try to find out the optimal duration and intensity for the treatment and content useful for clinical work. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of lifestyle intervention on the management of childhood overweight and to explore the factors that contribute to the outcome, as well as the costs for the health care system. The hypotheses of the study are that lifestyle intervention is efficient in reducing BMI-SDS and thus effective in preventing overweight from progressing to obesity, and it is also cost-effective. METHODS AND ANALYSES We aim to recruit 80 children and they randomize either to an intervention group or a control group with standard care. The intervention group receives intensive, family-based diet, and physical activity counseling, delivered by a multidisciplinary team of a pediatrician, a nurse, and a clinical nutritionist. The control group does not receive any lifestyle intervention during the study. The inclusion criteria are age of 6-12 years, weight-for-height ≥ + 40% or ≥ + 30%, and increasing curve. All participants fill out the study questionnaires and plasma samples are taken at baseline and at 12 months. Outcome variables will be compared between intervention and control groups. DISCUSSION If the effects of this lifestyle intervention are positive and it is also cost-effective, the implication of our study will be of great importance to the treatment of childhood obesity and to improve the health care system. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06126679. Registered on 25 October 2028 in Finland. ORCID 0009-0009-6659-5290.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martikainen
- Clinical Nutrition, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland.
| | - A M Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - U Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Örmälä
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
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13
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Healy DR, Zarei I, Mikkonen S, Soininen S, Viitasalo A, Haapala EA, Auriola S, Hanhineva K, Kolehmainen M, Lakka TA. Longitudinal associations of an exposome score with serum metabolites from childhood to adolescence. Commun Biol 2024; 7:890. [PMID: 39039257 PMCID: PMC11263428 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle factors, including air pollution, impaired diet, and low physical activity, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. However, environmental and lifestyle exposures do not exert their physiological effects in isolation. This study investigated associations between an exposome score to measure the impact of multiple exposures, including diet, physical activity, sleep duration, air pollution, and socioeconomic status, and serum metabolites measured using LC-MS and NMR, compared to the individual components of the score. A general population of 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline was followed up for eight years. Data were analysed with linear mixed-effects models using the R software. The exposome score was associated with 31 metabolites, of which 12 metabolites were not associated with any individual exposure category. These findings highlight the value of a composite score to predict metabolic changes associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle exposures since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Healy
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
| | - Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Zarei I, Eloranta AM, Klåvus A, Väistö J, Lehtonen M, Mikkonen S, Koistinen VM, Sallinen T, Haapala EA, Lintu N, Soininen S, Haikonen R, Atalay M, Schwab U, Auriola S, Kolehmainen M, Hanhineva K, Lakka TA. Eight-year diet and physical activity intervention affects serum metabolites during childhood and adolescence: A nonrandomized controlled trial. iScience 2024; 27:110295. [PMID: 39055945 PMCID: PMC11269805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term lifestyle interventions in childhood and adolescence can significantly improve cardiometabolic health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an 8-year diet and physical activity intervention in a general population of children. The research revealed that the intervention influenced 80 serum metabolites over two years, with 17 metabolites continuing to be affected after eight years. The intervention primarily impacted fatty amides, including palmitic amide, linoleamide, oleamide, and others, as well as unsaturated fatty acids, acylcarnitines, phospholipids, sterols, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, amino acids, and purine metabolites. Particularly noteworthy were the pronounced changes in serum fatty amides. These serum metabolite alterations could represent molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed benefits of long-term lifestyle interventions on cardiometabolic and overall health since childhood. Understanding these metabolic changes may provide valuable insights into the prevention of cardiometabolic and other non-communicable diseases since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville M. Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Retu Haikonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Tennilä J, Muukkonen L, Utriainen P, Voutilainen R, Jääskeläinen J, Liimatta J. Cognitive performance in young adult women with a history of premature adrenarche. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03380-4. [PMID: 38969813 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Girls with premature adrenarche (PA) mature earlier than peers and have been found to have greater symptom accounts reflecting anxiety compared to peers. It is not known, however, whether PA effects cognitive development. This longitudinal case-control cohort study aimed: (1) To investigate whether a history of PA leads to measurable changes in adulthood cognitive performance, and (2) to assess whether findings characteristic of PA girls predict adulthood cognitive performance. METHODS Twenty-seven girls with PA and 27 age-matched control girls were examined and followed from mid-childhood (mean age 7.2 years) until early adult age (18.5 years). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition scores were used as main outcome measure. RESULTS Allostatic load (AL) scores, which compile multisystem variables to reflect the overall wear and tear of the body from increased and prolonged stress, were higher in the PA group in both prepuberty and adulthood, but there were no differences in WAIS-IV results between the groups (full-scale IQ 92.7 vs. 97.5, p 0.376; no differences in separate indexes). Childhood androgen levels, glucose metabolism biomarkers, and AL scores failed to predict adulthood cognitive performance outcomes. CONCLUSION The study suggests that PA does not predispose to adverse adulthood outcomes of cognitive development. IMPACT The study suggests that a history of premature adrenarche (PA) does not affect cognitive performance in adult age. Childhood androgen levels and biomarkers of glucose metabolism failed to predict adulthood cognitive outcomes in this study. Allostatic load scores were elevated in the PA group both in childhood and adulthood but did not predict adulthood cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Tennilä
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Liimatta
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Kanervo M, Luoto L, Tupola S, Nikkola E, Kahila H, Rantakari K. Intrauterine exposure to maternal opioid maintenance treatment and associated risk factors may impair child growth. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1579-1591. [PMID: 38456564 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM How maternal opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) affects children is under-researched. This population-based registry study investigated child growth and somatic health following intrauterine exposure to this treatment. METHODS Children born between 1 March 2011 and 30 May 2021 to mothers who used buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone, or methadone throughout their pregnancies were followed for 2 years at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the treatment groups. RESULTS Of the 67 neonates, 52% were male, 96% were born full-term and 63% were treated for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Otherwise, the children were predominantly healthy, although relatively small: 22% were small for gestational age, the methadone group children being the smallest. Foetal exposure to maternal methadone treatment, illicit drugs, hepatitis C and smoking were associated with small for gestational age; the former two were also associated with later slower growth, especially head growth and weight gain (p < 0.001). However, 29% were overweight at 2 years. CONCLUSION Using child growth as the outcome, we found that buprenorphine-naloxone and buprenorphine-monotherapy had equal effects as forms of maternal OMT. Exposure to multiple risk factors may harm foetal and subsequent growth. We recommend long-term follow-up of children exposed to maternal OMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Kanervo
- University of Helsinki Doctoral School, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liina Luoto
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarimari Tupola
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Nikkola
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Rantakari
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Woo SW, Kim M, Kang D, Choe YH, Oh SJ, You AS, Lee SL, Kim J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Somatic Mutation Patterns in Cloned Dogs Reveals Implications for Neuronal Function, Tumorigenesis, and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:801. [PMID: 38927737 PMCID: PMC11202621 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on somatic mutations in cloned animals have revealed slight genetic variances between clones and their originals, but have yet to identify the precise effects of these differences within the organism. Somatic mutations contribute to aging and are implicated in tumor development and other age-related diseases. Thus, we compared whole genome sequencing data from an original dog with that of cloned dogs, identifying candidate somatic mutations that were disproportionately located within genes previously implicated in aging. The substitutional signature of cloning-specific somatic mutations mirrored the uniform distribution characteristic of the signature associated with human aging. Further analysis of genes revealed significant enrichment of traits associated with body size as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal function and tumorigenesis. Overall, the somatic mutations found in cloned dogs may indicate a conserved mechanism driving aging across species and a broad spectrum of pathway alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Woo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Miju Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dayeon Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Are-Sun You
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
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Kanervo M, Tupola S, Nikkola E, Rantakari K, Kahila H. Extended-release versus oral buprenorphine as opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy-maternal and neonatal outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 297:106-110. [PMID: 38608352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To get information on subcutaneous extended-release buprenorphine as opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy, we compared it to orally administered buprenorphine and buprenorphine-naloxone treatments. We hypothesized that maternal and neonatal outcomes do not differ between the treatment groups. Study design In this population-based cohort study, 60 pregnant individuals receiving non-changed opioid maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder with a buprenorphine product from the time before conception to the time after delivery and their newborns were included. They were divided into three groups based on the pharmacotherapy with subcutaneous extended-release buprenorphine, sublingual buprenorphine, or buprenorphine-naloxone. Statistical analyses were conducted using Fischer's exact tests, ANOVA tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. All the statistical tests were two-tailed. RESULTS The frequency of pregnancy or delivery complications did not significantly differ between the group receiving extended-release buprenorphine and the other groups. During pregnancy, 38 % of the women used illicit drugs concomitantly, with equal frequency in the extended-release buprenorphine group and the other groups. Of the neonates, 93 % were born full-term and 90 % got at least eight Apgar points in one minute age, without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.57). The need for pharmacotherapy for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome was the lowest in the extended-release buprenorphine group (25 %) and highest in the sublingual buprenorphine group (67 %). Still, the difference between the treatment groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17). Among all neonates, the breastfed infants were less likely to receive pharmacotherapy for withdrawal symptoms than the formula-fed ones (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Extended-release buprenorphine with steady drug concentration seems to be a promising pharmacotherapy option during pregnancy for mothers. Maternal health during pregnancy may contribute to the well-being of newborns. Larger trials are urgently needed to confirm these results..
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Kanervo
- University of Helsinki Doctoral School, P.O. box 4, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. box 347, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sarimari Tupola
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. box 347, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Nikkola
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. box 347, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Rantakari
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. box 347, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. box 140, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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de Ruyter H, Aitokari L, Lahti S, Riekki H, Huhtala H, Lakka T, Laivuori H, Kurppa K. Maternal gestational hypertension, smoking and pre-eclampsia are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight offspring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:1183-1191. [PMID: 38433535 PMCID: PMC11103127 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to a steep increase in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has also become the most common chronic hepatic condition among children and adolescents. Various maternal and pregnancy-related factors have also been implicated in the development of MAFLD, but human studies remain scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehensive data of 460 overweight or obese children aged 2-16 years were collected and combined with data on selected maternal and pregnancy-related factors for a case-control study. MALFD was defined as alanine aminotransferase >2× upper limit of normal. Children with and without MAFLD were compared regarding to the study variables and multivariable regression analysis was utilized. RESULTS Median age of the study children was 11.8 (quartiles 9.1-14.2) years; 44% were girls and 17.8% had MAFLD. Children with MAFLD were older (12.7 vs. 11.6 years, p = 0.002), while the groups did not differ age-standardized body mass index (BMI-SDS) or gender. Factors associated with MAFLD in a multivariable model considering also the offspring's present BMI-SDS, sex, and maternal prepregnancy overweight, were child's older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.28), maternal gestational smoking (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16-3.47), gestational hypertension (OR 3.44, 95% CI: 1.08-11.0) and pre-eclampsia (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.15-7.45). There was no significant association between MAFLD and maternal BMI, birth anthropometrics or perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were associated with MAFLD among overweight or obese children. Further prospective studies are needed to verify causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna de Ruyter
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Linnea Aitokari
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Siiri Lahti
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Hanna Riekki
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of PirkanmaaTampereFinland
- Celiac Disease Research CenterTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- University Consortium of SeinäjokiSeinäjokiFinland
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20
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de Oliveira MH, Costa RFD, Fisberg M, Kruel LFM, Conde WL. Comparison of international height and BMI-for-age growth references and their correlation with adiposity in Brazilian schoolchildren. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1699-1708. [PMID: 38258413 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study verified the diagnostic accuracy of the nutritional status classified by the international height and BMI references of the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO/2007), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF/2012) and MULT (2023). The data pool was composed by 22 737 subjects aged five to 16 years from the Santos and Porto Alegre surveys. A correlation matrix between the z-scores of the BMI references and the skinfold measurements was calculated through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and the subject's nutritional status was classified according to the international growth references. The accuracy for diagnosing obesity was performed separately by sex and using the 95th percentile of the triceps and subscapular skinfold sum, while Lin's concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient (Kappa) were used to verify the concordance and reliability among the BMI references. The correlation matrix showed a high positive correlation among the BMI z-scores (r ≥ 0·99) and among the skinfold measurements (r ≥ 0·86). The prevalence of stunting was higher when applying the MULT reference (3·4 %) compared with the WHO reference (2·3 %). The Bland-Altman plots showed the lowest critical difference (CD) between the height references of WHO and MULT (CD = 0·22). Among the BMI references, the WHO obesity percentile presented lower performance than MULT for boys, presenting a lower +LR value (WHO = 6·99/MULT 18 years = 10·99; 19 years = 8·99; 20 years = 8·09) for the same -LR values (0·04). Therefore, MULT reference holds promise as a valuable tool for diagnosing childhood obesity, particularly when considering sex differences. This enhances its suitability for assessing the nutritional status of Brazilian schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Helen de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Fisberg
- Department of Paediatrics', Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolney Lisboa Conde
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo01246-904, Brazil
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21
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Vänni P, Turunen J, Äijälä VK, Tapiainen VV, Paalanne M, Pokka T, Paalanne N, Tejesvi MV, Ruuska TS. Gut Mycobiome in Atopic Dermatitis and in Overweight Young Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in Finland. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:333. [PMID: 38786688 PMCID: PMC11122208 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut bacterial alterations have been previously linked to several non-communicable diseases in adults, while the association of mycobiome is not well understood in these diseases, especially in infants and children. Few studies have been conducted on the association between gut mycobiome and non-communicable diseases in children. We investigated gut mycobiome composition using 194 faecal samples collected at birth, 6 months after birth, and 18 months after birth in relation to atopic dermatitis (AD) and overweight diagnoses at the age of 18 or 36 months. The mycobiome exhibited distinct patterns, with Truncatella prevalent in the meconium samples of both overweight and non-overweight groups. Saccharomyces took precedence in overweight cases at 6 and 18 months, while Malassezia dominated non-overweight samples at 6 months. Saccharomyces emerged as a consistent high-abundance taxon across groups that had dermatitis and were overweight. We found a weak association between gut mycobiome and AD at birth and overweight at 18 months when using machine learning (ML) analyses. In ML, unidentified fungi, Alternaria, Rhodotorula, and Saccharomyces, were important for classifying AD, while Saccharomyces, Thelebolus, and Dothideomycetes were important for classifying overweight. Gut mycobiome might be associated with the development of AD and overweight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Vänni
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
| | - Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville K. Äijälä
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (V.K.Ä.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vilja V. Tapiainen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (V.K.Ä.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Marika Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (V.K.Ä.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Tytti Pokka
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Research Service Unit, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (V.K.Ä.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Mysore V. Tejesvi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi S. Ruuska
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (J.T.); (M.P.); (T.P.); (N.P.); (M.V.T.); (T.S.R.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 8000 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, 8000 Oulu, Finland; (V.K.Ä.); (V.V.T.)
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22
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Hauta-Alus HH, Rosendahl J, Holmlund-Suila EM, Valkama SM, Enlund-Cerullo M, Nurhonen M, Kajantie E, Mäkitie O, Andersson S. Low-grade inflammation from prenatal period to age 6-8 years in a Vitamin D trial. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1578-1586. [PMID: 38225452 PMCID: PMC11126391 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade systemic inflammation measured as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with non-communicable disease risk. We assessed whether prenatal inflammation and early-childhood vitamin D are associated with inflammation until age 6-8. METHODS We analyzed blood hs-CRP and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] in pregnancy, at birth from umbilical cord blood (UCB), from offspring at ages 1, 2, and 6-8 years in the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study. VIDI was a randomized-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation of 10 μg/day or 30 μg/day from age 2 weeks until 2 years in 975 infants recruited in 2013-14, with follow-up at age 6-8 in 2019-21 (n = 283). RESULTS Pregnancy hs-CRP was associated with UCB hs-CRP (r = 0.18, p < 0.001) but not independently with childhood hs-CRP (Estimate [95% CI] 0.04 [<-0.00, 0.09]). Higher UCB hs-CRP was associated independently with higher hs-CRP until 6-8 years (0.20 [0.12, 0.29]). Infant vitamin D dose had no effect on longitudinal hs-CRP (6-8 years, 0.11 [-0.04, 0.25]). Childhood 25(OH)D were associated positively with hs-CRP until age 6-8 (0.01 [>0.00, 0.01]). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in children, inflammation, assessed by hs-CRP, persists from birth until 6-8 years. We observed positive associations between 25(OH)D and hs-CRP in vitamin D-sufficient children. IMPACT High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations tract from birth to age 8 years Our novel finding suggests a long-lasting pro-inflammatory phenotype in the child Higher vitamin D concentration - but not dose - is associated with higher childhood hs-CRP Chronic disease risk related to inflammation may in part originate from the prenatal period or early childhood Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of inflammation on long-term clinical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa M Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara M Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Nurhonen
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Jalanko P, Bond B, Laukkanen JA, Brage S, Ekelund U, Laitinen T, Määttä S, Kähönen M, Haapala EA, Lakka TA. Association between arterial health and cognition in adolescents: The PANIC study. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16024. [PMID: 38697946 PMCID: PMC11065692 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of the measures of arterial health with cognition in adolescents and whether physical activity (PA) or sedentary time (ST) confounds these associations. One hundred sixteen adolescents (71 boys) aged 15.9 ± 0.4 participated in the study. PA and ST were assessed using a combined accelerometer/heart rate monitor. Overall cognition was computed from the results of psychomotor function, attention, working memory, and paired-associate learning tests. Pulse wave velocity was measured by impedance cardiography, carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid artery distensibility by carotid ultrasonography. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. SBP was inversely associated with overall cognition (standardized regression coefficient [β] = -0.216, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.406 to -0.027, p = 0.025). Pulse wave velocity (β = -0.199, 95% CI -0.382 to -0.017, p = 0.033) was inversely associated with working memory task accuracy. SBP was directly associated with reaction time in the attention (β = 0.256, 95% CI 0.069 to 0.443, p = 0.008) and errors in the paired-associate learning tasks (β = 0.308, 95% CI 0.126 to 0.489, p = 0.001). Blood pressure was inversely associated with overall cognition. PA or ST did not confound the associations. Results suggest that preventing high blood pressure is important for promoting cognition in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Jalanko
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise MedicineFoundation for Sports and Exercise MedicineHelsinkiFinland
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of MedicineCentral Finland Health Care District Hospital DistrictJyväskyläFinland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyTampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
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Ylöstalo T, Saha MT, Nummi T, Harjunmaa U, Salo MK, Vuorela N. Maternal weight, smoking, and diabetes provided early predictors of longitudinal body mass index growth patterns in childhood. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1076-1086. [PMID: 38324472 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting overweight growth development using extended body mass index (BMI) data combined with birth and maternal records from Finnish national registries. METHODS The longitudinal data consist of growth measurements of 7372 from six birth cohorts in Finland: 1974 (n = 1109), 1981 (n = 983), 1991 (n = 607), 1994-1995 (n = 829), 2001 (n = 821), and 2003-2004 (n = 3023). Anthropometric data were collected from birth to age 15 years from the health records. Pregnancy health data were included for the four most recent birth cohorts (n = 2810). A statistical method called trajectory analysis was used to identify different BMI development trajectories. Factors associated with abnormal growth tracks were analysed using logistic regression models. RESULTS High pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal smoking, and greater gestational weight gain than the Institute of Medicine (United States) recommendations were associated with the overweight growth track. Two of the trajectories didn't seem to follow the normal growth pattern: overweight growth track appeared to lead to overweight, while low birth BMI track showed accelerating growth after the adiposity rebound point of BMI growth. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that maternal overweight before pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes mellitus, and smoking could potentially be associated with the risk of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Ylöstalo
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Terttu Saha
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Harjunmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti K Salo
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Vuorela
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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25
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Abdollahi AM, Li X, Merikanto I, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto R, Rahkola J, Nissinen K, Kanerva N, Roos E, Erkkola M. A tendency toward evening chronotype associates with less healthy diet among preschoolers: cross-sectional findings from the DAGIS study. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae026. [PMID: 38737796 PMCID: PMC11085840 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Evidence suggests that adolescents and adults with a later chronotype have poorer sleep habits and are more susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, but little is known about these associations in younger children. The objective of the study was to (1) identify and compare individual chronotype tendencies among preschool-aged children and (2) investigate associations of sleep dimensions and chronotype with diet. Methods Participants were 636 3-6 years old (mean ± SD age: 4.74 ± 0.89 years, 49% girls) preschoolers from the cross-sectional Increased Health and Well-Being in Preschoolers (DAGIS) study in Finland. Sleep duration, sleep variability (in duration and midpoint), social jetlag, and midsleep on weekends adjusted for sleep debt (MSWEadj) were measured with 7-day actigraphy. Morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype tendencies were defined based on the lowest and highest 10th percentile cutoffs of MSWEadj. Food, energy, and macronutrient intake were assessed from 3-day records. Associations between sleep dimensions and diet were assessed with regression models. Results MSWEadj was 1:13 ± 14 minutes for morning (n = 64), 2:25 ± 28 minutes for intermediate (n = 560), and 3:38 ± 15 minutes for evening (n = 64) chronotype tendency. Children with an evening chronotype tendency had greater social jetlag and sleep variability. Having an evening chronotype tendency was associated with higher added sugar, higher sugary food consumption, and lower vegetable consumption compared to intermediate tendency types. A later chronotype (MSWEadj) was associated with higher sugary food consumption, as well as lower vegetable and fiber intake. Sleep duration, social jetlag, and sleep variability were not associated with diet. Conclusions Several less healthy sleep and diet behaviors were observed among children with later chronotypes. Future public health interventions aimed towards children would benefit from taking into account chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenna Rahkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Noora Kanerva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Haapala EA, Leppänen MH, Lee E, Savonen K, Laukkanen JA, Kähönen M, Brage S, Lakka TA. Accumulating Sedentary Time and Physical Activity From Childhood to Adolescence and Cardiac Function in Adolescence. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031837. [PMID: 38497441 PMCID: PMC11010014 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity (PA) may mitigate the negative cardiovascular health effects of sedentary behavior in adolescents. However, the relationship of PA and sedentary time from childhood with cardiac function in adolescence remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associations of cumulative sedentary time and PA from childhood to adolescence with cardiac function in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were 153 adolescents (69 girls) who were aged 6 to 8 years at baseline, 8 to 10 years at 2-year follow-up, and 15 to 17 years at 8-year follow-up. Cumulative sedentary time and PA exposure between baseline and 2-year follow-up and between baseline and 8-year follow-up were measured using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. Cardiac function was assessed using impedance cardiography at 8-year follow-up. The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. Cumulative moderate to vigorous PA (standardized regression coefficient [β]=-0.323 [95% CI, -0.527 to -0.119]) and vigorous PA (β=-0.295 [95% CI, -0.508 to -0.083]) from baseline to 8-year follow-up were inversely associated with cardiac work at 8-year follow-up. Conversely, cumulative sedentary time had a positive association (β=0.245 [95% CI, 0.092-0.398]). Cumulative vigorous PA from baseline to 8-year follow-up was inversely associated with cardiac work index at 8-year follow-up (β=-0.218 [95% CI, -0.436 to 0.000]). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of sedentary time and lower levels of PA during childhood were associated with higher cardiac work in adolescence, highlighting the importance of increasing PA and reducing sedentary time from childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Earric Lee
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of MedicineWellbeing Services County of Central FinlandJyväskyläFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
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Rahkola J, Lehtimäki AV, Abdollahi AM, Merikanto I, Vepsäläinen H, Björkqvist J, Roos E, Erkkola M, Lehto R. Association of the timing of evening eating with BMI Z-score and waist-to-height ratio among preschool-aged children in Finland. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:911-920. [PMID: 37905570 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Later timing of eating has been associated with higher adiposity among adults and children in several studies, but not all. Moreover, studies in younger children are scarce. Hence, this study investigated the associations of the timing of evening eating with BMI Z-score and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and whether these associations were moderated by chronotype among 627 preschoolers (3-6-year-olds) from the cross-sectional DAGIS survey in Finland. Food intake was measured with 3-d food records, and sleep was measured with hip-worn actigraphy. Three variables were formed to describe the timing of evening eating: (1) clock time of the last eating occasion (EO); (2) time between the last EO and sleep onset; and (3) percentage of total daily energy intake (%TDEI) consumed 2 h before sleep onset or later. Chronotype was assessed as a sleep debt-corrected midpoint of sleep on the weekend (actigraphy data). The data were analysed with adjusted linear mixed effects models. After adjusting for several confounders, the last EO occurring closer to sleep onset (estimate = -0·006, 95 % CI (-0·010, -0·001)) and higher %TDEI consumed before sleep onset (estimate = 0·0004, 95 % CI (0·00003, 0·0007)) were associated with higher WHtR. No associations with BMI Z-score were found after adjustments. Clock time of the last EO was not significantly associated with the outcomes, and no interactions with chronotype emerged. The results highlight the importance of studying the timing of eating relative to sleep timing instead of only as clock time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Rahkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
| | | | - Anna M Abdollahi
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josefine Björkqvist
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Uppsala University, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
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Vepsäläinen H, Korkalo L, Skaffari E, Abdollahi AM, Pajulahti R, Lehto R, Engberg E, Leppänen MH, Lehto E, Ray C, Roos E, Erkkola M. How energy balance-related behaviours, temperament, stress and overweight associate: a cross-sectional study of Finnish preschoolers. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e93. [PMID: 38433593 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) examine the clustering of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and (2) investigate whether EBRB clusters, temperament and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) associate with overweight. DESIGN We assessed food consumption using food records, screen time (ST) using sedentary behaviour diaries, sleep consistency and temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control) using questionnaires and HCC using hair samples. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity (PA) intensities, sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Researchers measured each child's weight and height. We used finite mixture models to identify EBRB clusters and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the associations between EBRB clusters, temperament, HCC and overweight. SETTING The cross-sectional DAGIS survey, data collected in 2015-2016. PARTICIPANTS Finnish 3-6-year-olds (n 864) recruited through preschools. RESULTS One-third of the participants were categorised into the cluster labelled 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time', characterised by unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. greater consumption of high-fat, high-sugar dairy products) and longer ST. Two-thirds were categorised into the second cluster, labelled 'Healthy diet, moderate screen time'. PA and sleep were irrelevant for clustering. Higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control associated with the 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time' cluster. EBRB clusters and HCC did not associate with overweight, but surgency was positively associated with overweight (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·25). CONCLUSIONS Of the EBRB, food consumption and ST seem to associate. As temperament associates with EBRB clusters and overweight, tailored support acknowledging the child's temperament could be profitable in maintaining a healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Skaffari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elviira Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Huttunen H, Kärkinen J, Varimo T, Miettinen PJ, Raivio T, Hero M. Central precocious puberty in boys: secular trend and clinical features. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:211-219. [PMID: 38523472 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that boys enter puberty at a younger age, and the incidence of male central precocious puberty (CPP) is increasing. In this study, we explore the incidence of male CPP and identify key clinical and auxological indicators for organic CPP (OCPP). DESIGN A retrospective registry-based study. METHODS The medical records of 43 boys treated with CPP at the Helsinki University Hospital between 1985 and 2014 were reviewed. Clinical, auxological, and endocrine data of the CPP patients were included in the analyses. RESULTS Based on brain MRI, 26% of patients had OCPP. Between 2010 and 2014, the CPP incidence in boys was 0.34 per 10 000 (95% CI 0.20-0.60). Between 1990 and 2014, the male CPP incidence increased (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.10, P = .001). This increase was driven by rising idiopathic CPP (ICPP) incidence (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.19, P < .001), while OCPP incidence remained stable (P = .41). Compared with the patients with ICPP, the patients with OCPP were younger (P = .006), were shorter (P = .003), and had higher basal serum testosterone levels (P = .038). Combining 2 to 4 of these readily available clinical cues resulted in good to excellent (all, area under the curve 0.84-0.97, P < .001) overall performance, differentiating organic etiology from idiopathic. CONCLUSIONS The estimated incidence of CPP in boys was 0.34 per 10 000, with 26% of cases associated with intracranial pathology. The increase in CPP incidence was driven by rising ICPP rates. Patients with OCPP were characterized by shorter stature, younger age, and higher basal testosterone levels, providing valuable cues for differentiation in addition to brain MRI. Utilizing multiple cues could guide diagnostic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Huttunen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Juho Kärkinen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tero Varimo
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Taneli Raivio
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Matti Hero
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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30
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Terho AM, Tiitinen A, Salo J, Martikainen H, Gissler M, Pelkonen S. Growth of singletons born after frozen embryo transfer until early adulthood: a Finnish register study. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:604-611. [PMID: 38177081 PMCID: PMC10905505 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there growth differences between singleton children born after frozen embryo transfer (FET), fresh embryo transfer (ET), and natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Adolescent boys born after FET have a higher mean proportion and increased odds of overweight compared to those born after fresh ET. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Children born after FET have higher mean birthweights and an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age compared to those born after fresh ET and even NC. This raises questions about possible growth differences later in childhood. Previous studies on child growth after FET report partly conflicting results and lack long-term data until adolescence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a cohort study based on national population-based registers, the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Register of Primary Health Care visits, including singletons born after FET (n = 1825), fresh ET (n = 2933), and NC (n = 31 136) in Finland between the years 1995 and 2006. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The proportions of overweight (i.e. age- and sex-adjusted ISO-BMI for children ≥ 25) were compared between the groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of overweight were calculated. Adjustments were made for birth year, preterm birth, maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic status. Mean heights, weights, and BMIs were compared between the groups each year between the ages of 7 and 18. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE FET boys had a higher mean proportion of overweight (28%) compared to fresh ET (22%, P < 0.001) and NC (26%, P = 0.014) boys. For all ages combined, the aOR of overweight was increased (1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) for FET boys compared to fresh ET boys. For girls, the mean proportions of overweight were 18%, 19%, and 22% for those born after FET, fresh ET, and NC, respectively (P = 0.169 for FET vs fresh ET, P < 0.001 for FET vs NC). For all ages combined, FET girls had a decreased aOR of overweight (0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99) compared to NC girls. Growth measurements were available for 6.9% to 30.6% of FET boys and for 4.7% to 29.4% of FET girls at different ages. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Unfortunately, we were not able to adjust for parental anthropometric characteristics. The growth data were not available for the whole cohort, and the proportion of children with available measurements was limited at the start and end of the follow-up. During the study period, mainly cleavage stage embryos were transferred, and slow freezing was used for ART. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The risk of overweight among FET boys warrants further research. Future studies should aim to investigate the mechanisms that explain this sex-specific finding and combine growth data with long-term health data to explore the possible risks of overweight and cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was obtained from the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, the Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation (personal grants to A.M.T.), and the Finnish Government Research Funding. The funding sources were not involved in the planning or execution of the study. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Terho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine & Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Tiitinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Salo
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine & Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Martikainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine & Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Pelkonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine & Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Aitokari L, Lahti S, Kivelä L, Riekki H, Hiltunen P, Vuorela N, Viitasalo A, Soininen S, Huhtala H, Lakka T, Kurppa K. Alanine aminotransferase cutoffs for the pediatric fatty liver disease: Major impact of the reference population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:488-496. [PMID: 38314943 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND STUDY The often-recommended alanine aminotransferase (ALT) cutoffs (girls 21 U/l, boys 25 U/l) are based on a NHANES cohort. A novel concept of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes the role of ALT. We tested the prevalence of increased ALT and MASLD in children with overweight or obesity applying population-based and NHANES-based cut-offs. METHODS Six- to seventeen-year-old children underwent data collection in a prospective Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study. ALT 95th percentiles were calculated from 1167 separate measurements considering various confounders. Test cohort comprised 1044 children with overweight/obesity. RESULTS ALT values increased at puberty onset (p = 0.031) and correlated negatively with age in girls (r = -0.222, p < 0.001). Particularly overall and central obesity increased ALT, whereas underweight or metabolic abnormalities had smaller effect. After applying the tested exclusions, the age-related ALT 95th percentiles were 24-29 U/l for girls and 29-32 U/l for boys. In 6-8-year-old children with overweight/obesity, the prevalence of increased ALT and MASLD were 21.6% and 2.4% with age-specific PANIC cutoffs. In older children, when NHANES-based cutoffs were used, there was a trend for higher prevalence of increased ALT and MASLD in all age groups for both sexes, reaching significance for increased ALT in 12-16-year-old boys (NHANES 63.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.4%-70.0% vs. PANIC 47.1%, 95% CI [40.1%-54.2%]) and 9-11-year-old girls (60.0% [49.4%-69.8%] vs. 31.8% [22.8%-42.3%]), respectively. Increased ALT/MASLD were more common in boys than in girls, and in boys these increased with age, whereas in girls these peaked at age 9-12 years. CONCLUSION A reference population impacts on the prevalence of increased ALT and MASLD. Considering this help optimizing screening while avoiding unnecessary investigations and surveillance. The prospective part of this study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov; identifier NCT01803776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Aitokari
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Siiri Lahti
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Kivelä
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Riekki
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hiltunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Vuorela
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- The University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Salava A, Remitz A. Safety of topical tacrolimus and corticosteroids in young children with atopic dermatitis: a 5-year questionnaire-based follow-up study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:276-280. [PMID: 37936295 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously conducted a randomized double-blinded clinical cohort study on topical tacrolimus safety issues in 1–3-year-old children with atopic dermatitis. Five years on, the participants were contacted via a postal questionnaire to obtain long-term data. There were no significant differences regarding infections, growth parameters (height, weight, body mass index), quality of life and disease severity between use of topical tacrolimus and topical corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Salava
- Helsinki University Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Remitz
- Helsinki University Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Tuomi AK, Rebane K, Arnstad ED, Berntson L, Fasth A, Glerup M, Herlin T, Kautiainen H, Nordal E, Peltoniemi S, Rygg M, Rypdal V, Zak M, Aalto K. Body mass index is associated with health-related quality of life and disease characteristics in young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38308280 PMCID: PMC10837959 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest concerning the relationship between obesity and several medical conditions and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies regarding body mass index (BMI) among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our aim was to investigate the impact of BMI on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with a 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), disease activity, and disability in young adults with JIA. METHODS This study is a part of the population-based Nordic JIA cohort study. All newly diagnosed patients with JIA were recruited consecutively between 1997-2000 in specific regions in the Nordic countries. Patients in this sub-study were enrolled from 434 patients who attended their 18-year follow-up visit. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) into four groups based on their BMI. HRQoL, disease characteristics, disability, fatigue, sleep quality, physical activity, pain, comorbidities, and social status were assessed. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-five patients from the original study cohort were enrolled in this study and 72% of them were female. Mean age was 23.9 (± SD 4.4) years. A significant relationship was found between the JIA categories and BMI groups (p = 0.014). A significant relationship was also found between BMI and disease activity scores (DAS28) (p = 0.028), disability (p < 0.001), pain (p = 0.013), fatigue (p = 0.035), and sleep quality (p = 0.044). Moreover, a significant relationship between BMI and HRQoL regarding bodily pain (p = 0.010) and general health (p = 0.048) was revealed when adjusted for sex, age, and JIA subtype. CONCLUSION We discovered that BMI was significantly related to HRQoL, disease activity, and disability. BMI deserves more attention considering the treatment options and outcome of JIA in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kaisa Tuomi
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbackinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, FIN-00029 HUS, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katariina Rebane
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbackinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, FIN-00029 HUS, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ellen Dalen Arnstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Glerup
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Primary Health Care Unit Kuopio, Pohjois-Savo, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ellen Nordal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway and Pediatric Research Group, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Suvi Peltoniemi
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS Inflammation Center, Rheumatology and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veronika Rypdal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway and Pediatric Research Group, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marek Zak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristiina Aalto
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbackinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, FIN-00029 HUS, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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Abdollahi AM, Li X, Merikanto I, Leppänen MH, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto R, Ray C, Erkkola M, Roos E. Comparison of actigraphy-measured and parent-reported sleep in association with weight status among preschool children. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13960. [PMID: 37282765 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compared weekday and weekend actigraphy-measured and parent-reported sleep in relation to weight status among preschool-aged children. Participants were 3-6 years old preschoolers from the cross-sectional DAGIS-study with sleep data for ≥2 weekday and ≥2 weekend nights. Parents-reported sleep onset and wake-up times were gathered alongside 24 h hip-worn actigraphy. An unsupervised Hidden-Markov Model algorithm provided actigraphy-measured night time sleep without the guidance of reported sleep times. Waist-to-height ratio and age-and-sex-specific body mass index characterised weight status. Comparison of methods were assessed with consistency in quintile divisions and Spearman correlations. Associations between sleep and weight status were assessed with adjusted regression models. Participants included 638 children (49% girls) with a mean ± SD age of 4.76 ± 0.89. On weekdays, 98%-99% of actigraphy-measured and parent-reported sleep estimates were classified in the same or adjacent quintile and were strongly correlated (rs = 0.79-0.85, p < 0.001). On weekends, 84%-98% of actigraphy-measured and parent-reported sleep estimates were respectively classified and correlations were moderate to strong (rs = 0.62-0.86, p < 0.001). Compared with actigraphy-measured sleep, parent-reported sleep had consistently earlier onset, later wake-up, and greater duration. Earlier actigraphy-measured weekday sleep onset and midpoint were associated with a higher body mass index (respective β-estimates: -0.63, p < 0.01 and -0.75, p < 0.01) and waist-to-height ratio (-0.004, p = 0.03 and -0.01, p = 0.02). Though the sleep estimation methods were consistent and correlated, actigraphy measures should be favoured as they are more objective and sensitive to identifying associations between sleep timing and weight status compared with parent reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja H Leppänen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tamer G, Arets HGM, van der Ent CK, van Santen HM, van der Kamp HJ. BMI increase during early childhood in boys with cystic fibrosis and early adrenarche. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38270329 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase in body mass index (BMI) in early childhood (1-6 years) was found to be a contributing factor for impaired final height in boys with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Early adrenarche (before age 9 years in boys) may contribute to an impaired final height by triggering an early acceleration of bone age resulting in a compromised growth spurt during puberty. We aimed to analyze the timing of adrenarche in boys with CF and to associate BMI increase in early childhood to timing of adrenarche. METHODS Boys with CF, aged 8-9 years, visiting the CF expertize center Utrecht were included. Since 2018, anthropomorphic, pubertal and endocrine data were collected. Early adrenarche in boys was defined as a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) ≥ 1 µmol/L before the age of 9 years. RESULTS Thirteen boys (mean age 8.55 ± 0.27 years) were enrolled. The median (IQR) DHEAS-level was 1.3 µmol/L (0.71-2.40). Eight boys (61.5%) had an early rise in DHEAS-levels ≥ 1 µmol/L. Mean increase in BMI Z-score between 1 and 6 years of age (ΔBMI1-6 ) was -0.07 ± 0.86. A significant correlation was found between ΔBMI1-6 and DHEAS-levels at the age of 8-9 years (r = 0.624, p = 0.040). In five boys with early rise in DHEAS, accelerated bone age was found (average 1.55 ± 0.96 years). CONCLUSION In this small cohort, 61.5% of boys with CF between 8 and 9 years had an early rise of DHEAS, which was correlated to ΔBMI1 -6 between 1 and 6 years. Early adrenarche may be caused by ΔBMI1 -6 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tamer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubertus Gerardus Maria Arets
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Kors van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Margo van Santen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty Jacoba van der Kamp
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Skinner AM, Barker AR, Moore SA, Soininen S, Haapala EA, Väistö J, Westgate K, Brage S, Lakka TA, Vlachopoulos D. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-hour movement behaviours, including muscle and bone strengthening activity, with bone and lean mass from childhood to adolescence. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38238707 PMCID: PMC10797891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sport and exercise as a proxy measure of muscle and bone strengthening activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were associated with total-body-less-head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and TBLH lean mass cross-sectionally and longitudinally from age 6 to 9 years and age 9 to 11 years to age 15 to 17 years. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a population sample of Finnish children from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study (age 6 to 9 years: n = 478, 229 females; age 9 to 11 years: n = 384, 197 females; age 15 to 17 years: n = 222, 103 females). Linear regression analysed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, sedentary time and sleep, and questionnaire-assessed sport and exercise participation and screen time with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed TBLH BMC and lean mass. RESULTS In females, MVPA at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC at age 15 to 17 years (β = 0.008, p = 0.010). Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.020, p = 0.002) and lean mass (β = 0.343, p = 0.040) at age 15 to 17 years. MVPA at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.272, p = 0.004) at age 15 to 17 years. In males, sleep at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.382, p = 0.003) at age 15 to 17 years. Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.027, p = 0.012) and lean mass (β = 0.721, p < 0.001) at age 15 to 17 years. CONCLUSIONS Promoting engagement in the 24-hour movement behaviours in childhood, particularly sport and exercise to strengthen muscle and bone, is important in supporting bone and lean mass development in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01803776; first trial registration date: 04/03/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Skinner
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Thaventhiran T, Orr J, Morris JK, Hsu A, Martin L, Davies KM, Harding V, Chapple P, Dunkel L, Storr HL. A Digital Health Solution for Child Growth Monitoring at Home: Testing the Accuracy of a Novel "GrowthMonitor" Smartphone Application to Detect Abnormal Height and Body Mass Indices. MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 1:498-509. [PMID: 38169882 PMCID: PMC10759636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpdig.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate a smartphone application that accurately measures height and provides notifications when abnormalities are detected. Patients and Methods A total of 145 (75 boys) participants with a mean age ± SD of 8.7±4.5 years (range, 1.0-17.0 years), from the Children's Hospital at Barts Health Trust, London, United Kingdom, were enrolled in the study. "GrowthMonitor" (UCL Creatives) iPhone application (GMA) measures height using augmented reality. Using population-based (UK-WHO) references, algorithms calculated height SD score (HSDS), distance from target height (THSDSDEV), and HSDS change over time (ΔHSDS). Pre-established thresholds discriminated normal/abnormal growth. The GMA and a stadiometer (Harpenden; gold standard) measured standing heights of children at routine clinic visits. A subset of parents used GMA to measure their child's height at home. Outcome targets were 95% of GMA measurements within ±0.5 SDS of the stadiometer and the correct identification of abnormal HSDS, THSDSDEV, and ΔHSDS. Results Bland-Altman plots revealed no appreciable bias in differences between paired study team GMA and stadiometer height measurements, with a mean of the differences of 0.11 cm with 95% limits of agreement of -2.21 to 2.42 cm. There was no evidence of greater bias occurring for either shorter/younger children or taller/older children. The 2 methods of measurements were highly correlated (R=0.999). GrowthMonitor iPhone application measurements performed by parents in clinic and at home were slightly less accurate. The κ coefficient indicated reliable and consistent agreement of flag alerts for HSDS (κ=0.74) and THSDSDEV (κ=0.88) between 83 paired GMA and stadiometer measurements. GrowthMonitor iPhone application yielded a detection rate of 96% and 97% for HSDS-based and THSDSDEV-based red flags, respectively. Forty-two (18 boys) participants had GMA calculated ΔHSDS using an additional height measurement 6-16 months later, and no abnormal flag alerts were triggered for ΔHSDS values. Conclusion GrowthMonitor iPhone application provides the potential for parents/carers and health care professionals to capture serial height measurements at home and without specialized equipment. Reliable interpretation and flagging of abnormal measurements indicate the potential of this technology to transform childhood growth monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilipan Thaventhiran
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Orr
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Joan K. Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Hsu
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Martin
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital at The Royal London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M. Davies
- Department of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Harding
- UCL Digital Experience, Information Services Division, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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Tauriainen A, Harju S, Raitio A, Hyvärinen A, Tauriainen T, Helenius I, Vanamo K, Saari A, Sankilampi U. Longitudinal growth of children born with gastroschisis or omphalocele. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5615-5623. [PMID: 37819418 PMCID: PMC10746581 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Normal childhood growth is an indicator of good health, but data addressing the growth of children born with abdominal wall defects (AWDs) are limited. The detailed growth phenotypes of children born with gastroschisis or omphalocele are described and compared to peers without AWDs from birth to adolescence. Data from 183 gastroschisis and 144 omphalocele patients born between 1993 and 2017 were gathered from Finnish nationwide registers and electronic health records. Weight (n = 3033), length/height (n = 2034), weight-for-length (0-24 months, n = 909), and body mass index measures (2-15 years, n = 423) were converted into sex- and age-specific Z-scores. Linear mixed models were used for comparisons. Intrauterine growth failure was common in infants with gastroschisis. Birth weight Z-scores in girls and boys were - 1.2 (0.2) and - 1.3 (0.2) and length Z-scores - 0.7 (0.2) and - 1.0 (0.2), respectively (p < 0.001 for all comparisons to infants without AWDs). During early infancy, growth failure increased in infants with gastroschisis, and thereafter, catch-up growth was prominent and faster in girls than in boys. Gastroschisis children gained weight and reached their peers' weights permanently at 5 to 10 years. By 15 years or older, 30% of gastroschisis patients were overweight. Infants with omphalocele were born with a normal birth size but grew shorter and weighing less than the reference population until the teen-age years. CONCLUSION Children with gastroschisis and omphalocele have distinct growth patterns from fetal life onwards. These growth trajectories may also provide some opportunities to modulate adult health. WHAT IS KNOWN • Intrauterine and postnatal growth failure can be seen frequently in gastroschisis and they often show significant catch-up growth later in infancy. It is assumed that part of the children with gastroschisis will become overweight during later childhood. WHAT IS NEW • The longitudinal growth of girls and boys with gastroschisis or omphalocele is described separately until the teenage years. The risk of gaining excessive weight in puberty was confirmed in girls with gastroschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Tauriainen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Samuli Harju
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arimatias Raitio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Hyvärinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Mehiläinen Länsi-Pohja Oy, Kemi, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Tauriainen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Helenius
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Vanamo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Saari
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Sankilampi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Wu Y, Hao X, Zhu K, Zheng C, Guan F, Zeng P, Wang T. Long-term adverse influence of smoking during pregnancy on height and body size of offspring at ten years old in the UK Biobank cohort. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101506. [PMID: 37692834 PMCID: PMC10492214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the long-term relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and early childhood growth in the UK Biobank cohort. Methods To estimate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring height and body size at ten years old, we performed binary logistic analyses and reported odds ratios (OR) as well as 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). We also implemented the cross-contextual comparison study to examine whether such influence could be repeatedly observed among three different ethnicities in the UK Biobank cohort (n = 22,140 for White, n = 7094 for South Asian, and n = 5000 for Black). In particular, we conducted the sibling cohort study in White sibling cohort (n = 9953 for height and n = 7239 for body size) to control for unmeasured familial confounders. Results We discovered that children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had greater risk of being shorter or plumper at age ten in the full UK Biobank White cohort, with 15.3% (95% CIs: 13.0%∼17.7%) higher risk for height and 32.4% (95%CIs: 29.5%∼35.4%) larger risk for body size. Similar associations were identified in the South Asian and Black ethnicities. These associations were robust and remained significant in the White sibling cohort (12.6% [95%CIs: 5.0%∼20.3%] for height and 36.1% [95%CIs: 26.3%∼45.9%] for body size) after controlling for family factors. Conclusion This study robustly confirms that maternal smoking during pregnancy can promote height deficit and obesity for offspring at ten years old. Our findings strongly encourage mothers to quit smoking during pregnancy for improving growth and development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kexuan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Chu Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Fengjun Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Liimatta J, Flück CE, Mäntyselkä A, Häkkinen MR, Auriola S, Voutilainen R, Jääskeläinen J, Lakka TA. Effects of 2-Year Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention on Adrenarchal and Pubertal Development: The PANIC Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1603-e1613. [PMID: 37329220 PMCID: PMC10655527 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood overweight has been linked to earlier development of adrenarche and puberty, but it remains unknown if lifestyle interventions influence sexual maturation in general populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate if a 2-year lifestyle intervention influences circulating androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of children. METHODS We conducted a 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention study in which 421 prepubertal and mostly normal-weight 6- to 9-year-old children were allocated either to a lifestyle intervention group (119 girls, 132 boys) or a control group (84 girls, 86 boys). The main outcome measures were serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), and testosterone concentrations, and clinical adrenarchal and pubertal signs. RESULTS The intervention and control groups had no differences in body size and composition, clinical signs of androgen action, and serum androgens at baseline. The intervention attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .032), DHEAS (P = .001), A4 (P = .003), and testosterone (P = .007) and delayed pubarche (P = .038) in boys but it only attenuated the increase of DHEA (P = .013) and DHEAS (P = .003) in girls. These effects of lifestyle intervention on androgens and the development of pubarche were independent of changes in body size and composition, but the effects of intervention on androgens were partly explained by changes in fasting serum insulin. CONCLUSION A combined physical activity and dietary intervention attenuates the increase of serum androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of prepubertal and mostly normal-weight children, independently of changes in body size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Liimatta
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aino Mäntyselkä
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Renlund M, Jääskeläinen T, Kivelä A, Heinonen S, Laivuori H, Sarkola T. Determinants of vascular structure and function in at-risk children born to mothers managed for pre-eclampsia (FINNCARE study). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264921. [PMID: 37859683 PMCID: PMC10582712 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pre-eclampsia (PE) is related to elevated blood pressure (BP) in children. The study aims to investigate if elevated BP is reflected in child arterial health and how anthropometrics, body composition, and gestational and perinatal factors influenced this. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we assessed the arteries of 182 children exposed (46 had an early onset, with a diagnosis before 34 gestational weeks, and 136 had a late onset) and 85 children unexposed (non-PE) to PE at 8-12 years from delivery using ultra-high-frequency ultrasound in addition to ambulatory and central BPs, body composition and anthropometrics, and tonometry-derived pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results No differences were found in intima-media thickness (IMT), adventitia thickness (AT), lumen diameter (LD), local carotid artery stiffness, distensibility, or wall stress between PE-exposed and non-PE-exposed children. All children's brachial, radial, and femoral artery IMTs were associated with 24-h systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure, carotid-femoral PWV, and anthropometric measures. The 24-h SBP and anthropometrics, notably lean body mass, were independent predictors of peripheral artery IMTs (brachial R2 = 0.217, radial R2 = 0.208, femoral R2 = 0.214; p < 0.001). Head circumference predicted carotid artery IMT and LD (β = 0.163, p = 0.009; β = 0.417, p < 0.001, respectively), but carotid artery IMT was not associated with BP. No independent associations were found for peripheral artery ATs. Local carotid artery stiffness, distensibility, and wall stress were independently associated with adiposity. No significant associations were found between gestational or perinatal factors and child vascular health parameters. Conclusions The peripheral artery IMT of PE-exposed children is identical to that of non-PE-exposed children, but associated with BP. Adiposity is related to local carotid artery stiffness. These adverse associations in arterial health may reflect the early progression of cardiovascular disease in PE-exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Renlund
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Jääskeläinen
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Kivelä
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Pontán F, Hauta-Alus H, Valkama S, Rosendahl J, Enlund-Cerullo M, Andersson S, Mäkitie O, Holmlund-Suila E. Alkaline Phosphatase and Hyperphosphatasemia in Vitamin D Trial in Healthy Infants and Toddlers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1082-e1091. [PMID: 37061810 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood hyperphosphatasemia is usually transient and may be associated with infections. It remains less well known how hyperphosphatasemia is related to growth and bone mineralization. OBJECTIVE We explored alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia, and their association with vitamin D, growth, infections, and bone parameters in healthy children. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of a vitamin D intervention trial. Participants received vitamin D3 10 or 30 µg daily from age 2 weeks to 2 years. Children with data on ALP at 12 and/or 24 months (n = 813, girls 51.9%) were included. Anthropometrics and bone parameters were measured at 12 and 24 months. Infections were recorded prospectively by the parents. RESULTS Boys had higher ALP than girls at 12 months (median [IQR] 287 [241-345] U/L vs 266 [218-341] U/L; P = .02). At 24 months concentrations were lower than at 12 months (240 [202-284]; P < .001) but without sex difference. The prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia (ALP > 1000 U/L) at 12 months was 5.3% and at 24 months 0.6%. Body size, growth rate, and bone mineral content associated positively with ALP, while vitamin D intervention had no effect. Infants with hyperphosphatasemia were smaller than infants with ALP ≤ 1000 U/L. Hyperphosphatasemia was not associated with previous infections. CONCLUSION Approximately 5% of infants had hyperphosphatasemia at 12 months, but <1% at 24 months. ALP concentrations and hyperphosphatasemia were associated with sex, anthropometry, and bone mineralization. Infections did not contribute to hyperphosphatasemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Pontán
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Renlund MAK, Jääskeläinen TJ, Kivelä AS, Heinonen ST, Laivuori HM, Sarkola TA. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk profiles in 8-12-year-old children following preeclampsia (FINNCARE-study). J Hypertens 2023; 41:1429-1437. [PMID: 37337860 PMCID: PMC10399950 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to study if children following preeclampsia (PE) develop alterations in blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness already early in life, and how this is associated with gestational, perinatal and child cardiovascular risk profiles. METHODS One hundred eighty-two PE (46 early-onset with diagnosis before 34 gestational weeks, and 136 late-onset) and 85 non-PE children were assessed 8-12 years from delivery. Office and 24-h ambulatory BP, body composition, anthropometrics, lipids, glucose, inflammatory markers, and tonometry-derived pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central BPs were assessed. RESULTS Office BP, central BPs, 24-h systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were higher in PE compared with non-PE. Early-onset PE children had the highest SBP, SBP-loads, and PP. SBP nondipping during night-time was common among PE. The higher child 24-h mean SBP among PE was explained by maternal SBP at first antenatal visit and prematurity (birth weight or gestational weeks), but child 24-h mean PP remained related with PE and child adiposity after adjustments. Central and peripheral PWVs were elevated in late-onset PE subgroup only and attributed to child age and anthropometrics, child and maternal office SBP at follow-up, but relations with maternal antenatal SBPs and prematurity were not found. There were no differences in body anthropometrics, composition, or blood parameters. CONCLUSIONS PE children develop an adverse BP profile and arterial stiffness early in life. PE-related BP is related with maternal gestational BP and prematurity, whereas arterial stiffness is determined by child characteristics at follow-up. The alterations in BP are pronounced in early-onset PE.Clinical Trial Registration information: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04676295ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04676295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A.-K. Renlund
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina J. Jääskeläinen
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni S.E. Kivelä
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo T. Heinonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele M. Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taisto A. Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Mäki P, Levälahti E, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Laatikainen T. Overweight and Obesity in Finnish Children by Parents' Socioeconomic Position-A Registry-Based Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605901. [PMID: 37719660 PMCID: PMC10502218 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine associations between parents' socioeconomic position (SEP) and child overweight and obesity, using registry data. Methods: Data (final n = 194,423) on children's height, weight and parents' SEP were drawn from the national Register of Primary Health Care Visits (Avohilmo) and Statistics Finland. Risk ratios for bernoulli-distributed overweight (RROW) and obesity (RROB) according to SEP were estimated using generalized linear models and using a log -link. Results: The risk for obesity was lower in boys from high-income families (RROB 0.76), for overweight and obesity was lower in boys (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.54) with highly educated fathers, in boys (RROW 0.79, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.78, RROB 0.56) with high-educated mothers and in boys (RROW 0.85, RROB 0.77) and girls (RROW 0.80, RROB 0.69) living in urban areas, as compared to low-income families, low-educated parents, and rural residence, respectively. Conclusion: The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in children with low SEP or rural residence. Administrative registers are a valid approach to monitor childhood obesity by parents' SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Mäki
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Levälahti
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
- The Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Haapala EA, Widlund A, Poikkeus AM, Lima RA, Brage S, Aunio P, Lakka TA. Cross-Lagged Associations between Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Academic Skills in Primary School Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1465-1470. [PMID: 36897825 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few longitudinal studies have investigated the interwoven longitudinal dynamics between physical activity (PA), motor performance, and academic skills in middle childhood. Therefore, we investigated the cross-lagged associations between PA, motor performance, and academic skills from grade 1 to grade 3 in Finnish primary school children. METHODS A total of 189 children 6-9 yr old at baseline comprised the study sample. Total PA was assessed using a questionnaire filled out by parents, moderate-to-vigorous PA by combined heart rate and body movement monitor, motor performance by 10 × 5-m shuttle run test, and academic skills by arithmetic fluency and reading comprehension tests in grade 1 and grade 3. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling adjusted for gender, parental education, and household income. RESULTS The final model fitted the data very well ( χ237 = 68.516, P = 0.0012, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.067, comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.89) and explained 91% of variance in the latent academic skills variable, 41% of the variance in the latent PA variable, and 32% of variance in motor performance in grade 3. Better motor performance in grade 1 was associated with higher academic skills in grade 3, but it did not predict PA. PA was not directly or indirectly associated with academic skills. However, higher levels of PA in grade 1 predicted better motor performance in grade 3. Academic skills did not predict PA or motor performance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that better motor performance, but not PA, predicts later academic skills. Academic skills in grade 1 do not contribute to PA or motor performance in the early school years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna-Maija Poikkeus
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Pirjo Aunio
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Sievänen H, Kari J, Aarnivala H, Becker S, Huurre A, Långström S, Palmu S. Success and complications in lumbar punctures of pediatric patients with leukemia: a study protocol for a randomized clinical crossover trial of a bioimpedance needle system versus conventional procedure. Trials 2023; 24:464. [PMID: 37475006 PMCID: PMC10360266 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in children. At present, the long-term survival from pediatric ALL is well over 90%. However, the probability of event-free survival is reduced if the lumbar puncture (LP) procedures at the beginning of the patient's intrathecal therapy cause blood leakage into the spinal canal and blast cells contaminate the cerebrospinal fluid. According to the literature, such traumatic LP procedures concern one out of five pediatric patients with ALL. Recently, a novel medical device measuring the tissue bioimpedance at the tip of a spinal needle was found feasible in pediatric patients with ALL. The LP procedure was successful at the first attempt in 80% of procedures, and the incidence of traumatic LPs was then 11%. The purpose of the present study is to compare the bioimpedance spinal needle system with the standard clinical practice resting on a conventional spinal needle and investigate its efficacy in clinical practice. METHODS The study is a multicenter, randomized, two-arm crossover noninferiority trial of pediatric hemato-oncology patients that will be conducted within the usual clinical workflow. Patients' LP procedures will be performed alternately either with the IQ-Tip system (study arm A) or a conventional Quincke-type 22G spinal needle (study arm B). For each enrolled patient, the order of procedures is randomly assigned either as ABAB or BABA. The total number of LP procedures will be at least 300, and the number of procedures per patient between two and four. After each study LP procedure, the performance will be recorded immediately, and 1-week diary-based and 4-week record-based follow-ups on symptoms, complications, and adverse events will be conducted thereafter. The main outcomes are the incidence of traumatic LP, first puncture success rate, and incidence of post-dural puncture headache. DISCUSSION The present study will provide sound scientific evidence on the clinical benefit, performance, and safety of the novel bioimpedance spinal needle compared with the standard clinical practice of using conventional spinal needles in the LP procedures of pediatric patients with leukemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN ISRCTN16161453. Registered on 8 July 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henri Aarnivala
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Huurre
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Hematology and Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Långström
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sauli Palmu
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Riekki H, Aitokari L, Kivelä L, Lahti S, Hiltunen P, Vuorela N, Huhtala H, Lakka TA, Kurppa K. Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in overweight Finnish children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1090344. [PMID: 37409224 PMCID: PMC10319394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data on the prevalence of pediatric fatty liver disease remain limited, partly due to challenges in diagnosis. A novel concept of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) makes it possible to establish the diagnosis in overweight children with sufficiently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and metabolic co-morbidities of MAFLD in a large group of overweight children. Methods Data on 703 patients aged 2-16 years examined due to overweight in different levels of healthcare in 2002-2020 were collected retrospectively from patient records. MAFLD was here defined as ALT >2x reference (>44 U/l in girls and >50 U/l in boys) in overweight children according to recently updated definition. Patients with MAFLD and without it were compared, and subgroup analyses were conducted among boys and girls. Results Median age was 11.5 years, and 43% were girls. Altogether 11% were overweight, 42% obese and 47% severely obese. Abnormal glucose metabolism was present in 44%, dyslipidemia in 51%, hypertension in 48% and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 2%. MAFLD prevalence varied between 14-20% in examined years without significant change (p=0.878). The pooled prevalence over the years was 15% (boys 18%, girls 11%; p=0.018), peaking in girls at early puberty and increasing in boys with age and puberty. Associated factors in boys were T2D (OR 7.55, 95% CI 1.23-46.2), postpubertal stage (5.39, 2.26-12.8), increased fasting insulin (3.20, 1.44-7.10), hypertriglyceridemia (2.97, 1.67-5.30), hyperglycemia (2.88, 1.64-5.07), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (2.16, 1.18-3.99), older age (1.28, 1.15-1.42) and higher body-mass-index (1.01, 1.05-1.15), and in girls T2D (18.1, 3.16-103), hypertriglyceridemia (4.28, 1.99-9.21), and decreased HDL (4.06, 1.87-8.79). Conclusion Prevalence of MAFLD was 15%, with no statistically significant increase in the 2000s. The condition was associated in general with male gender, puberty stage and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, and higher age and BMI in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Riekki
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Linnea Aitokari
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Kivelä
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siiri Lahti
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hiltunen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Vuorela
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Koskinen MK, Aatsinki A, Kortesluoma S, Mustonen P, Munukka E, Lukkarinen M, Perasto L, Keskitalo A, Karlsson H, Karlsson L. Hair cortisol, cortisone and DHEA concentrations and the composition of microbiota in toddlers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106309. [PMID: 37257330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Animal research suggests that the gut microbiota and the HPA axis communicate in a bidirectional manner. However, human data, especially on early childhood, remain limited. In this exploratory design, we investigated the connections between long-term HPA axis functioning, measured as cortisol, cortisone or dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations and their ratios from hair segments of three centimeters, and gut microbiota profiles, (measured as diversity and bacterial composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing) in healthy 2.5-year-old toddlers (n = 135) recruited from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. The alpha diversity of the microbiota was studied by linear regression. Beta diversity analyses with weighted UniFrac or Bray-Curtis distances were performed using PERMANOVA. The bacterial core genus level analyses were conducted using DESeq2 and ALDEx2. These analyses suggested that hair sample concentrations of separate hormones, cortisol/cortisone and cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratios were associated with various gut bacterial genera such as the Veillonella, the [Ruminococcus] torques group and [Eubacterium] hallii group, although multiple testing correction attenuated the p-values. Alpha or beta diversity was not linked with either steroid concentrations or ratios. These findings in toddlers suggest that long-term HPA axis activity may be related to genera abundancies but not to ecosystem-level measures in gut microbiota. The influence of these observed interrelations on later child health and development warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit K Koskinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland.
| | - Anna Aatsinki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Paula Mustonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Laura Perasto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Anniina Keskitalo
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
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Mistry JN, Silvennoinen S, Zaman F, Sävendahl L, Mariniello K, Hall C, Howard SR, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U, Guasti L. The crosstalk between FGF21 and GH leads to weakened GH receptor signaling and IGF1 expression and is associated with growth failure in very preterm infants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1105602. [PMID: 37251684 PMCID: PMC10213667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an essential metabolic regulator that adapts to changes in nutritional status. Severe childhood undernutrition induces elevated FGF21 levels, contributing to growth hormone (GH) resistance and subsequent linear growth attenuation potentially through a direct action on chondrocytes. Methods In this study, we assessed expression of the components of both GH and FGF21 pathways in rare and unique human growth plates obtained from children. Moreover, we investigated the mechanistic interplay of FGF21 on GH receptor (GHR) signaling in a heterologous system. Results Chronic FGF21 exposure increased GH-induced GHR turnover and SOCS2 expression, leading to the inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation and IGF-1 expression. The clinical significance of FGF21 signaling through GH receptors was tested in nutritionally driven growth failure seen in very preterm (VPT) infants right after birth. VPT infants display an immediate linear growth failure after birth followed by growth catch-up. Consistent with the in vitro model data, we show that circulating FGF21 levels were elevated during deflection in linear growth compared to catch-up growth and were inversely correlated with the length velocity and circulating IGF1 levels. Conclusions This study further supports a central role of FGF21 in GH resistance and linear growth failure and suggests a direct action on the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayna N. Mistry
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanna Silvennoinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Katia Mariniello
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R. Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Sankilampi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Airaksinen M, Taylor E, Gallen A, Ilén E, Saari A, Sankilampi U, Räsänen O, Haataja LM, Vanhatalo S. Charting infants' motor development at home using a wearable system: validation and comparison to physical growth charts. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104591. [PMID: 37137181 PMCID: PMC10176156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurodevelopmental care and research are in urgent need of practical methods for quantitative assessment of early motor development. Here, performance of a wearable system in early motor assessment was validated and compared to developmental tracking of physical growth charts. METHODS Altogether 1358 h of spontaneous movement during 226 recording sessions in 116 infants (age 4-19 months) were analysed using a multisensor wearable system. A deep learning-based automatic pipeline quantified categories of infants' postures and movements at a time scale of seconds. Results from an archived cohort (dataset 1, N = 55 infants) recorded under partial supervision were compared to a validation cohort (dataset 2, N = 61) recorded at infants' homes by the parents. Aggregated recording-level measures including developmental age prediction (DAP) were used for comparison between cohorts. The motor growth was also compared with respective DAP estimates based on physical growth data (length, weight, and head circumference) obtained from a large cohort (N = 17,838 infants; age 4-18 months). FINDINGS Age-specific distributions of posture and movement categories were highly similar between infant cohorts. The DAP scores correlated tightly with age, explaining 97-99% (94-99% CI 95) of the variance at the group average level, and 80-82% (72-88%) of the variance in the individual recordings. Both the average motor and the physical growth measures showed a very strong fit to their respective developmental models (R2 = 0.99). However, single measurements showed more modality-dependent variation that was lowest for motor (σ = 1.4 [1.3-1.5 CI 95] months), length (σ = 1.5 months), and combined physical (σ = 1.5 months) measurements, and it was clearly higher for the weight (σ = 1.9 months) and head circumference (σ = 1.9 months) measurements. Longitudinal tracking showed clear individual trajectories, and its accuracy was comparable between motor and physical measures with longer measurement intervals. INTERPRETATION A quantified, transparent and explainable assessment of infants' motor performance is possible with a fully automated analysis pipeline, and the results replicate across independent cohorts from out-of-hospital recordings. A holistic assessment of motor development provides an accuracy that is comparable with the conventional physical growth measures. A quantitative measure of infants' motor development may directly support individual diagnostics and care, as well as facilitate clinical research as an outcome measure in early intervention trials. FUNDING This work was supported by the Finnish Academy (314602, 335788, 335872, 332017, 343498), Finnish Pediatric Foundation (Lastentautiensäätiö), Aivosäätiö, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, and HUS Children's Hospital/HUS diagnostic center research funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Airaksinen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elisa Taylor
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Gallen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ilén
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Antti Saari
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Sankilampi
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Okko Räsänen
- Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena M Haataja
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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