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Zhang A, Lu L, Yang F, Luo T, Yang S, Yang P, Li X, Deng X, Qiu Y, Chen L, Long K, Pan D, Jin L, Li M, Chen L. Effects of miR-29c on proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2365211. [PMID: 38858810 PMCID: PMC11174058 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2365211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), a subclass of noncoding short RNAs, direct cells fate decisions that are important for cell proliferation and cell lineage decisions. Adipogenic differentiation contributes greatly to the development of white adipose tissue, involving of highly organized regulation by miRNAs. In the present study, we screened and identified 78 differently expressed miRNAs of porcine BMSCs during adipogenic differentiation. Of which, the role of miR-29c in regulating the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation was proved and detailed. Specifically, over-expression miR-29c inhibits the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which were reversed upon miR-29c inhibitor. Interference of IGF1 inhibits the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, miR-29c regulates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting IGF1 and further regulating the MAPK pathway and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, respectively. In conclusion, we highlight the important role of miR-29c in regulating proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Zhang
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Litong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pig Production, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Evaluation and Utilization (Pigs), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
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Roy R, Man E, Aldakhlallah R, Gonzalez K, Merritt L, Daisy C, Lombardo M, Yordanova V, Sun L, Isaac B, Rockowitz S, Lotz M, Pories S, Moses MA. Mammary adipocytes promote breast tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis in the context of menopause and obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167325. [PMID: 38925485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying obesity-related postmenopausal (PM) breast cancer (BC) are not clearly understood. We hypothesized that the increased local presence of 'obese' mammary adipocytes within the BC microenvironment promotes the acquisition of an invasive and angiogenic BC cell phenotype and accelerates tumor proliferation and progression. BC cells, treated with primary mammary adipocyte secretome from premenopausal (Pre-M) and PM obese women (ObAdCM; obese adipocyte conditioned-media) upregulated the expression of several pro-tumorigenic factors including VEGF, lipocalin-2 and IL-6. Both Pre-M and PM ObAdCM stimulated endothelial cell recruitment and proliferation and significantly stimulated BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. IL-6 and LCN2 induced STAT3/Akt signaling in BC cells and STAT3 inhibition abrogated the ObAdCM-stimulated BC cell proliferation and migration. Expression of proangiogenic regulators including VEGF, NRP1, NRP2, IL8RB, TGFβ2, and TSP-1 were found to be differentially regulated in mammary adipocytes from obese PM women. Comparative RNAseq indicated an upregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interactions and lipid/fatty acid metabolism in PM versus Pre-M mammary adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that irrespective of menopausal status, cross-talk between obese mammary adipocytes and BC cells promotes tumor aggressiveness and suggest that targeting the LCN2/IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis may be a useful strategy in obesity-driven breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Roy
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily Man
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rama Aldakhlallah
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Merritt
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra Daisy
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Lombardo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing and Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biju Isaac
- Research Computing and Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Research Computing and Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Lotz
- Hoffman Breast Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Pories
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Hoffman Breast Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marsha A Moses
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Moran C, Herson J, Than S, Collyer T, Beare R, Syed S, Srikanth V. Interactions between age, sex and visceral adipose tissue on brain ageing. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3821-3829. [PMID: 38899555 PMCID: PMC11300145 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and brain structural measures at midlife and explore how these associations may be affected by age, sex and cardiometabolic factors. METHODS We used abdominal and brain magnetic resonance imaging data from a population-based cohort of people at midlife in the UK Biobank. Regression modelling was applied to study associations of VAT volume with total brain volume (TBV), grey matter volume (GMV), white matter volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and total hippocampal volume (THV), and whether these associations were altered by age, sex or cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS Complete data were available for 17 377 participants (mean age 63 years, standard deviation = 12, 53% female). Greater VAT was associated with lower TBV, GMV and THV (P < .001). We found an interaction between VAT and sex on TBV (P < .001), such that the negative association of VAT with TBV was greater in men (β = -2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.32 to -10.15) than in women (β = -1.32, 95% CI -0.49 to -3.14), with similar findings for GMV. We also found an interaction between VAT and age (but not sex) on WMHV (P < .001). The addition of other cardiometabolic factors or measures of physical activity resulted in little change to the models. CONCLUSIONS VAT volume is associated with poorer brain health in midlife and this relationship is greatest in men and those at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Moran
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, 24 Separation Street Mornington VIC 3931, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Home, Acute and Community, Alfred Health, 260 Kooyong Rd, Caulfield VIC 3162, Australia
| | - Jarin Herson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, 24 Separation Street Mornington VIC 3931, Australia
| | - Stephanie Than
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, 24 Separation Street Mornington VIC 3931, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Western Health, 160 Gordon Street, Footscray 3011, Australia
| | - Taya Collyer
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Syed
- Department of Home, Acute and Community, Alfred Health, 260 Kooyong Rd, Caulfield VIC 3162, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peninsula Health, 24 Separation Street Mornington VIC 3931, Australia
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, PO Box 52, Frankston VIC 3199, Australia
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Putra IGNE, Daly M, Sutin A, Steptoe A, Scholes S, Robinson E. Obesity, psychological well-being related measures, and risk of seven non-communicable diseases: evidence from longitudinal studies of UK and US older adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1283-1291. [PMID: 38824226 PMCID: PMC11347379 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the role of psychological well-being related measures in explaining the associations between obesity and increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs: hypertension, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and memory-related disease) in older adults. METHODS Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), UK (baseline: Wave 4-2008/2009; n = 8127) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), US (baseline: Waves 9 and 10-2008/2010; n = 12,477). Objective body mass index was used to define obesity. A range of psychological well-being related measures (e.g., depressive symptoms, life satisfaction) was available in ELSA (n = 7) and HRS (n = 15), and an index of overall psychological well-being was developed separately in each study. NCDs were from a self-reported doctor diagnosis and/or other assessments (e.g., biomarker data) in both studies; and in ELSA, NCDs from linked hospital admissions data were examined. Longitudinal associations between obesity status, psychological well-being measures, and NCDs were examined using Cox proportional hazard models (individual NCDs) and Poisson regression (a cumulative number of NCDs). Mediation by psychological well-being related measures was assessed using causal mediation analysis. RESULTS Obesity was consistently associated with an increased prospective risk of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and a cumulative number of NCDs in both ELSA and HRS. Worse overall psychological well-being (index measure) and some individual psychological well-being related measures were associated with an increased prospective risk of heart disease, stroke, arthritis, memory-related disease, and a cumulative number of NCDs across studies. Findings from mediation analyses showed that neither the index of overall psychological well-being nor any individual psychological well-being related measures explained (mediated) why obesity increased the risk of developing NCDs in both studies. CONCLUSION Obesity and psychological well-being may independently and additively increase the risk of developing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Angelina Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Bodduluri L, Dain SJ, Hameed S, Verge CF, Boon MY. Visual function and retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:739-747. [PMID: 38175925 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2288176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The possibility that changes in blue-yellow visual thresholds and some retinal thickness measures in children with diabetes mellitus may be observed before any visible fundus changes points to the possibility of these measures being a useful predictor that the risks of diabetic retinopathy are higher in some children than in others. INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed mixed results on chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivity early in the course of diabetes mellitus, and the findings of these studies may have been influenced by a lack of experimental sensitivity to visual deficits, a bias towards tritan-like errors or the cognitive demands of the tests and variations in sample composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate colour and contrast thresholds and retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with age-matched controls. METHODS A prospective case-control study was carried out on 9-14-year-old children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (49 cases) and age matched controls (49) in which isoluminant red-green and blue-yellow and achromatic luminance contrast thresholds were measured. Fundus photography was used to grade diabetic retinopathy. Retinal thickness parameters were measured using optical coherence tomography. Data on the duration of diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control (HbA1c), blood glucose level, body mass index, blood pressure and blood oxygenation at the time of testing were obtained. RESULTS The cases mostly had poorly controlled diabetes, HbA1c 8.6% (6.4-12.8%), for an average (range) duration of 5 (0.4-12) years. The cases had significantly higher blue-yellow thresholds (p = 0.02) and greater total retinal and inner retinal thickness (p < 0.05) than controls. No cases had diabetic retinopathy. Within the cases, poorer visual function and systemic health measures were associated with thinner retinal structures and greater global loss volume percentage in the ganglion cell complex. CONCLUSION Blue-yellow thresholds of cases were raised compared to normal. Within the cases, higher luminance contrast thresholds were also associated with, mostly, ganglion cell complex reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Bodduluri
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J Dain
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shihab Hameed
- Endocrinology Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Charles F Verge
- Endocrinology Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mei Ying Boon
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Thanaj M, Basty N, Whitcher B, Bell JD, Thomas EL. MRI assessment of adipose tissue fatty acid composition in the UK Biobank and its association with diet and disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1699-1708. [PMID: 39051177 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the fatty acid (FA) composition of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (ASAT and VAT, respectively) in the UK Biobank imaging cohort (N = 33,823) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We measured the fractions of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA (fSFA, fMUFA, and fPUFA, respectively) in ASAT and VAT from multiecho MRI scans. We selected a subcohort of participants who followed a vegan and an omnivore diet (N = 36) to validate the effect of diet on adipose tissue. In the wider imaging cohort, we examined the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and various traits related to disease and body size. RESULTS We measured adipose tissue FA composition for over 33,000 participants, revealing higher fSFA and fPUFA and lower fMUFA in VAT (p < 0.00016). fMUFA and fPUFA were higher in ASAT and lower in VAT for women (p < 0.00016). Vegan participants exhibited lower fSFA in both ASAT and VAT (p < 0.00016). VAT fSFA and fMUFA showed significant associations with disease, as well as anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS This extensive analysis revealed the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and a range of factors in a diverse population, highlighting the importance of studying body adipose tissue beyond its quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjola Thanaj
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Xu S, Wen S, Yang Y, He J, Yang H, Qu Y, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Fang F, Song H. Association Between Body Composition Patterns, Cardiovascular Disease, and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disease in the UK Biobank. Neurology 2024; 103:e209659. [PMID: 39047204 PMCID: PMC11314951 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence connects diverse components of body composition (e.g., fat, muscle, and bone) to neurodegenerative disease risk, yet their interplay remains underexplored. This study examines the associations between patterns of body composition and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, exploring the mediating role of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS This retrospective analysis used data from the UK Biobank, a prospective community-based cohort study. We included participants free of neurodegenerative diseases and with requisite body composition measurements at recruitment, who were followed from 5 years after recruitment until April 1, 2023, to identify incident neurodegenerative diseases. We assessed the associations between different components and major patterns of body composition (identified by principal component analysis) with the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, using multivariable Cox models. Analyses were stratified by disease susceptibility, indexed by polygenetic risk scores for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, APOE genotype, and family history of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we performed mediation analysis to estimate the contribution of CVDs to these associations. In addition, in a subcohort of 40,790 participants, we examined the relationship between body composition patterns and brain aging biomarkers (i.e., brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease). RESULTS Among 412,691 participants (mean age 56.0 years, 55.1% female), 8,224 new cases of neurodegenerative diseases were identified over an average follow-up of 9.1 years. Patterns identified as "fat-to-lean mass," "muscle strength," "bone density," and "leg-dominant fat distribution" were associated with a lower rate of neurodegenerative diseases (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74-0.94) while "central obesity" and "arm-dominant fat distribution" patterns were associated with a higher rate (HR = 1.13-1.18). Stratification analysis yielded comparable risk estimates across different susceptibility groups. Notably, 10.7%-35.3% of the observed associations were mediated by CVDs, particularly cerebrovascular diseases. The subcohort analysis of brain aging biomarkers corroborated the findings for "central obesity," "muscle strength," and "arm-dominant fat distribution" patterns. DISCUSSION Our analyses demonstrated robust associations of body composition patterns featured by "central obesity," "muscle strength," and "arm-dominant fat distribution" with both neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging, which were partially mediated by CVDs. These findings underscore the potential of improving body composition and early CVD management in mitigating risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Xu
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Shu Wen
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Yao Yang
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Junhui He
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Huazhen Yang
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Yu Zeng
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
| | - Huan Song
- From the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (S.X., S.W., Y.Y., J.H., H.Y., Y.Q., Y.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Chengdu, China; and Karolinska Institutet (F.F.), Solna, Sweden
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Kwak H, Lee E, Karki R. DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA sensors generally initiate innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons. While extensively studied for host defense against invading pathogens, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of modified, damaged, or ectopically localized self-DNA and non-self-DNA have been observed in patients and animal models with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of cytosolic DNA aberrantly activates DNA signaling pathways, driving the pathological progression of these disorders. This review highlights the roles of specific DNA sensors, such as cyclic AMP-GMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in various metabolic disorders. We explore how DNA signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells contribute to the development of these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the intricate interplay between metabolic stress and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA sensor signaling in these contexts provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pervasive health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ein Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Nexus Institute of Research and Innovation (NIRI), Kathmandu, Nepal
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Cuevas-Sierra A, Chero-Sandoval L, Higuera-Gómez A, Vargas JA, Martínez-Urbistondo M, Castejón R, Martínez JA. Modulatory role of Faecalibacterium on insulin resistance and coagulation in patients with post-viral long haulers depending on adiposity. iScience 2024; 27:110450. [PMID: 39081294 PMCID: PMC11284562 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with Post-viral long hauler encompass lasting symptoms and comorbid complexities, often exacerbated in individuals with excessive body weight. The aim was to study gut microbiota in 130 patients with post-viral long hauler stratified by body mass index (BMI) and the relationship between inflammation and microbiota. Significant higher values were found for anthropometric variables and markers of glucose and dyslipidemia in individuals with higher BMI, as well as elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, uric acid, and D-dimer. An interactive association showed an interplay between Faecalibacterium, D-dimer levels, and insulin resistance. This investigation showed that anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory variables were impaired in patients with post-viral long haulers with higher BMI. In addition, gut microbiota differences were found between groups and a modification effect on Faecalibacterium abundance regarding insulin resistance and D-dimer. These findings suggest that considering adiposity and gut microbiota structure and composition may improve personalized clinical interventions in patients with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Chero-Sandoval
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition of the University Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrea Higuera-Gómez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Antonio Vargas
- Internal Medicine Service of Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, 2822 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Castejón
- Internal Medicine Service of Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital, 2822 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Medicina y Endocrinología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Arias C, Álvarez-Indo J, Cifuentes M, Morselli E, Kerr B, Burgos PV. Enhancing adipose tissue functionality in obesity: senotherapeutics, autophagy and cellular senescence as a target. Biol Res 2024; 57:51. [PMID: 39118171 PMCID: PMC11312694 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development. This review delves into the potential of autophagy modulation and the therapeutic application of senolytics and senomorphics as novel strategies to mitigate adipose tissue senescence. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction and the emerging role of natural compounds in senescence modulation, we underscore the promising horizon of senotherapeutics in restoring adipose health. This approach not only offers a pathway to combat the metabolic complications of obesity, but also opens new avenues for enhancing life quality and managing the global burden of obesity-related conditions. Our analysis aims to bridge the gap between current scientific progress and clinical application, offering new perspectives on preventing and treating obesity-induced adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, 7500922, Chile.
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Álvarez-Indo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Basal Ciencia & Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Müller L, Hoffmann A, Bernhart SH, Ghosh A, Zhong J, Hagemann T, Sun W, Dong H, Noé F, Wolfrum C, Dietrich A, Stumvoll M, Massier L, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Chakaroun R, Keller M. Blood methylation pattern reflects epigenetic remodelling in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105242. [PMID: 39002385 PMCID: PMC11284569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on DNA methylation following bariatric surgery have primarily focused on blood cells, while it is unclear to which extend it may reflect DNA methylation profiles in specific metabolically relevant organs such as adipose tissue. Here, we investigated whether adipose tissue depots specific methylation changes after bariatric surgery are mirrored in blood. METHODS Using Illumina 850K EPIC technology, we analysed genome-wide DNA methylation in paired blood, subcutaneous and omental visceral AT (SAT/OVAT) samples from nine individuals (N = 6 female) with severe obesity pre- and post-surgery. FINDINGS The numbers and effect sizes of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) post-bariatric surgery were more pronounced in AT (SAT: 12,865 DMRs from -11.5 to 10.8%; OVAT: 14,632 DMRs from -13.7 to 12.8%) than in blood (9267 DMRs from -8.8 to 7.7%). Cross-tissue DMRs implicated immune-related genes. Among them, 49 regions could be validated with similar methylation changes in blood from independent individuals. Fourteen DMRs correlated with differentially expressed genes in AT post bariatric surgery, including downregulation of PIK3AP1 in both SAT and OVAT. DNA methylation age acceleration was significantly higher in AT compared to blood, but remained unaffected after surgery. INTERPRETATION Concurrent methylation pattern changes in blood and AT, particularly in immune-related genes, suggest blood DNA methylation mirrors AT's inflammatory state post-bariatric surgery. FUNDING The funding sources are listed in the Acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Müller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tobias Hagemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Leipzig University Hospital, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Section of Bariatric Surgery, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Keller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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13
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Midtbø H, Ulvik A, Cramariuc D, Meyer K, Ueland PM, Halland H, Gerdts E. Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on obesity-associated inflammation in women and men: The FATCOR study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1942-1949. [PMID: 38749786 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiorespiratory fitness has been postulated to lower chronic inflammation in obesity. We assessed sex-specific associations of inflammation with cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese persons. METHODS AND RESULTS Peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured by treadmill in 566 participants (age 48 ± 9 years, 60% women) with body mass index >27.0 kg/m2 in the FAT associated CardiOvasculaR dysfunction (FATCOR) study. Fitness was identified from age- and sex specific reference levels of VO2max. The inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR) and pyriodoxic acid ratio (PAr) were measured by mass spectrometry. In the total study population 63% had obesity and 74% were cardiorespiratory unfit. Unfit women had the highest fat percentage and the highest serum levels of CRP and SAA (p < 0.05). In multivariable linear regression analyses in women, higher CRP (β -0.15, p = 0.001), SAA (β -0.10, p = 0.03) and PAr (β -0.09, p = 0.03) were associated with lower VO2max after adjusting for confounders. In multivariable analyses in men, higher PAr (β -0.14, p = 0.02) was associated with lower VO2max. In multivariable analyses in obese women, higher CRP and PAr remained associated with lower VO2max (p < 0.05), while in obese men there was no significant association. When normalizing VO2max for fat-free mass (VO2maxFFM) higher CRP, SAA and PAr index were associated with lower VO2maxFFM in women, while only higher PAr index was associated with lower VO2maxFFM in men. CONCLUSION The association of inflammation with lower cardiorespiratory fitness was more pronounced in women than men, in particular when obesity was present. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT02805478.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Midtbø
- Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Dana Cramariuc
- Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Halland
- Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Emergency Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Gerdts
- Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Ullah A, Singla RK, Batool Z, Cao D, Shen B. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:783-803. [PMID: 38709387 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The altered expression of immune system mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and others, caused inflammation, progression, and the development of pediatric obesity and linked illnesses such as diabetes and NAFLD. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), have been shown to have anti-diabetes and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anti-diabetic and pro-NAFLFD properties, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to have a dual role in managing diabetes and anti-NAFLD. In light of the substantial increase in childhood obesity-associated disorders such as diabetes and NAFLD and the absence of an effective pharmaceutical intervention to inhibit immune modulation factors, it is critical to consider the alteration of immune system components as a preventive and therapeutic approach. Thus, the current review focuses on the most recent information regarding the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and their molecular mechanisms on pediatric obesity-associated disorders (diabetes and NAFLD). Furthermore, we discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials in childhood obesity-associated diseases, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Zahra Batool
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Rajeev D, MacIver NJ. Metformin as a Therapeutic Agent for Obesity-Associated Immune Dysfunction. J Nutr 2024; 154:2534-2542. [PMID: 38972391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired immune function, characterized by inflammation, and leading to poor response to infection, impaired vaccine response, increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease, and increased risk of cancer and cancer mortality. Worse, there is evidence that weight loss alone may be insufficient to reverse the immune dysfunction caused by obesity. It is therefore critically important to identify alternative therapeutic approaches to decrease the negative effects of obesity-associated inflammation. In this article, we will review evidence that the antidiabetic drug metformin may be considered as a therapeutic agent for obesity-associated immune dysfunction. Metformin has immunomodulatory effects, stimulating or suppressing the immune response in both a cell-specific and disease-specific manner. Although the mechanism of action of metformin on the immune system remains to be fully elucidated, there is strong evidence that metformin enters select immune cells and disrupts electron transport, leading to both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent effects on immune cell differentiation and cytokine production. These effects of metformin on immune cells have been shown to improve immune responses to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Rajeev
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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16
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Ma Y, Nenkov M, Chen Y, Gaßler N. The Role of Adipocytes Recruited as Part of Tumor Microenvironment in Promoting Colorectal Cancer Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8352. [PMID: 39125923 PMCID: PMC11313311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction, which is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Obesity-related inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling promote colorectal cancer metastasis (CRCM) by shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). When CRC occurs, the metabolic symbiosis of tumor cells recruits adjacent adipocytes into the TME to supply energy. Meanwhile, abundant immune cells, from adipose tissue and blood, are recruited into the TME, which is stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors and triggers a chronic local pro-inflammatory TME. Dysregulated ECM proteins and cell surface adhesion molecules enhance ECM remodeling and further increase contractibility between tumor and stromal cells, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases tumor migration and invasion into surrounding tissues or vessels and accelerates CRCM. Colorectal symbiotic microbiota also plays an important role in the promotion of CRCM. In this review, we provide adipose tissue and its contributions to CRC, with a special emphasis on the role of adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, ECM, and symbiotic gut microbiota in the progression of CRC and their contributions to the CRC microenvironment. We highlight the interactions between adipocytes and tumor cells, and potential therapeutic approaches to target these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.N.)
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17
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Braga GDC, Simões JLB, Teixeira Dos Santos YJ, Filho JCM, Bagatini MD. The impacts of obesity in rheumatoid arthritis and insights into therapeutic purinergic modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112357. [PMID: 38810303 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition responsible for the impairment of synovia and joints, endangering the functionality of individuals and contributing to mortality. Currently, obesity is increasing worldwide, and recent studies have suggested an association between such condition and RA. In this sense, obese individuals present a lower capacity for achieving remission and present more intense symptoms of the disease, demonstrating a link between both disorders. Different studies aim to understand the possible connection between the conditions; however, few is known in this sense. Therefore, knowing that obesity can alter the activity of multiple body systems, this work's objective is to evaluate the main modifications caused by obesity, which can be linked to the pathophysiology of RA, highlighting as relevant topics obesity's negative impact triggering systemic inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, endocrine disbalances. Furthermore, the relationship between oxidative stress and obesity also deserves to be highlighted, considering the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in RA exacerbation. Additionally, many of those characteristics influenced by obesity, along with the classic peculiarities of RA pathophysiology, can also be associated with purinergic signaling. Hence, this work suggests possible connections between the purinergic system and RA, proposing potential therapeutic targets against RA to be studied.
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18
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Baldelli S, Aiello G, Mansilla Di Martino E, Campaci D, Muthanna FMS, Lombardo M. The Role of Adipose Tissue and Nutrition in the Regulation of Adiponectin. Nutrients 2024; 16:2436. [PMID: 39125318 PMCID: PMC11313710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, and immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted role of adiponectin, a predominant adipokine released by AT, in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. We explore the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin, its physiological effects and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve metabolic health. Our comprehensive review provides insights into the critical functions of adiponectin and its importance in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldelli
- Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy (E.M.D.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy (E.M.D.M.)
| | - Eliana Mansilla Di Martino
- Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy (E.M.D.M.)
| | - Diego Campaci
- Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy (E.M.D.M.)
| | - Fares M. S. Muthanna
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology-Aden, Alshaab Street, Enmaa City 22003, Yemen
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy (E.M.D.M.)
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19
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De Lorenzo A, Itani L, El Ghoch M, Gualtieri P, Frank G, Raffaelli G, Pellegrini M, Di Renzo L. Difference in Body Composition Patterns between Age Groups in Italian Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: When BMI Becomes a Misleading Tool in Nutritional Settings. Nutrients 2024; 16:2415. [PMID: 39125296 PMCID: PMC11314337 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the changes in body composition (BC) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in BC patterns in this population based on gender and age. A total of 2844 Italian adults of mixed gender and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 underwent a BC assessment by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was categorized into three age groups: 'young' (20-39 years), 'middle' (40-59 years), and 'older' (60-80 years) adults, after being matched by body weight and BMI. Males showed higher total body fat percentage (BF%) and a lower total lean mass (LM), progressively from the young to the middle to the older age groups, while females showed similar values for these total compartments between the three age groups. However, in both genders, participants in the middle and older groups were more likely to have a higher trunk fat percentage by +1.23% to +4.21%, and lower appendicular lean mass (ALM) by -0.81 kg to -2.63 kg with respect to the young group, indicating expression of major central adiposity and sarcopenia. While our findings underscore the limitations of BMI to detect these differences between age groups, the identification of new tools suitable for this aim is greatly needed in this population. Moreover, further investigation that clarifies the impact of these differences in BC patterns between gender and age groups on health outcomes is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Giulia Frank
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Glauco Raffaelli
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Center for the Study of Metabolism, Body Composition and Lifestyle, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
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20
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Mitoiu BI, Nartea R, Miclaus RS. Impact of Resistance and Endurance Training on Ghrelin and Plasma Leptin Levels in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8067. [PMID: 39125635 PMCID: PMC11311634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a valuable tool for improving body weight and composition in overweight or obese adults, which leads to a negative energy balance. It is relevant to consider whether exercise can help people lose weight or prevent weight gain because any energy expended in exercise increases the severity of hunger and promotes food consumption. Over the past decade, the identification of the circulating peptide ghrelin, which alerts the brain to the body's nutritional state, has significantly expanded our understanding of this homeostatic mechanism that controls appetite and body weight. To shed more light on this issue, we decided to investigate the effects of resistance and endurance training on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels. In addition, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which acute and chronic exercise can regulate hunger. This review analyzes studies published in the last fifteen years that focused on changes suffered by ghrelin, leptin, or both after physical exercise in overweight or obese individuals. Most studies have shown a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels in these cases. Exercise regimens that support weight maintenance need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 077016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Steliana Miclaus
- Department of Fundamental, Preventive, and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
- Neurorehabilitation Department, Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology, 500036 Brasov, Romania
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21
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Graybeal AJ, Brandner CF, Wise HL, Henderson A, Aultman RS, Vallecillo-Bustos A, Newsome TQA, Stanfield D, Stavres J. Near-infrared reactance spectroscopy-derived visceral adipose tissue for the assessment of metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24141. [PMID: 39034709 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is highly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is rapidly increasing in young adults. However, accessible VAT measurement methods are limited, restricting the use of VAT in early detection. This cross-sectional study sought to determine if near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived VAT (VATNIRS) was associated with MetS in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults. METHODS A total of 107 male and female (F:62, M:45) participants (age: 23.0 ± 4.3y; BMI: 27.1 ± 6.6 kg/m2) completed measurements of fasting blood pressure, blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and anthropometric assessments including waist circumference and VATNIRS. MetS severity (MetSindex) was calculated from the aforementioned risk factors using sex and race-specific equations. RESULTS VATNIRS was higher in participants with, and at risk for, MetS compared to those with lower risks (all p < .001). VATNIRS was positively associated with MetSindex for all groups (all p < .001). VATNIRS showed positive associations with systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), LDL-C and LDL-C-related biomarkers, and FBG; and negative associations with HDL-C and HDL-C-to-total cholesterol ratio (all p < .050). Associations between VATNIRS and blood pressure for females, and LDL-C and LDL-C-related biomarkers for males, were nonsignificant (all p > .050). VATNIRS was positively associated with DBP in African-American participants, and SBP in White participants, resulting in positive associations with MAP for both groups (all p < .050). CONCLUSIONS VATNIRS is associated with MetS and individual MetS risks factors in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults; providing a noninvasive, cost-effective, portable, and accessible method that may assist in the early detection of MetS and other cardiometabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Graybeal
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caleb F Brandner
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Havens L Wise
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Alex Henderson
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ryan S Aultman
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Ta' Quoris A Newsome
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Diavion Stanfield
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jon Stavres
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
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22
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Nuszkiewicz J, Kukulska-Pawluczuk B, Piec K, Jarek DJ, Motolko K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Woźniak A. Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4258. [PMID: 39064298 PMCID: PMC11278353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, driven by complex and multifaceted etiological factors. Metabolic dysregulation, gastrointestinal microbiome alterations, and systemic inflammation are emerging as significant contributors to AIS pathogenesis. This review addresses the critical need to understand how these factors interact to influence AIS risk and outcomes. We aim to elucidate the roles of dysregulated adipokines in obesity, the impact of gut microbiota disruptions, and the neuroinflammatory cascade initiated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in AIS. Dysregulated adipokines in obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing AIS risk and severity. Disruptions in the gut microbiota and subsequent LPS-induced neuroinflammation further link systemic inflammation to AIS. Advances in neuroimaging and biomarker development have improved diagnostic precision. Here, we highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to AIS management, integrating metabolic, microbiota, and inflammatory insights. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways could significantly improve AIS prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on further elucidating these pathways and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impacts of metabolic dysregulation, microbiome imbalances, and inflammation on AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kukulska-Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piec
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.-P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorian Julian Jarek
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karina Motolko
- Student Research Club of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 M. Skłodowskiej—Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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23
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Nowicka G. Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders-Editorial. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7954. [PMID: 39063196 PMCID: PMC11276991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related complications, including various metabolic diseases and cancers, are significant health problems in developed and developing countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Cifuentes M, Vahid F, Devaux Y, Bohn T. Biomarkers of food intake and their relevance to metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2024; 15:7271-7304. [PMID: 38904169 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a prevalent risk factor associated with non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A major factor impacting the etiology of MetS is diet. Dietary patterns and several individual food constituents have been related to the risk of developing MetS or have been proposed as adjuvant treatment. However, traditional methods of dietary assessment such as 24 h recalls rely greatly on intensive user-interaction and are subject to bias. Hence, more objective methods are required for unbiased dietary assessment and efficient prevention. While it is accepted that some dietary-derived constituents in blood plasma are indicators for certain dietary patterns, these may be too unstable (such as vitamin C as a marker for fruits/vegetables) or too broad (e.g. polyphenols for plant-based diets) or reflect too short-term intake only to allow for strong associations with prolonged intake of individual food groups. In the present manuscript, commonly employed biomarkers of intake including those related to specific food items (e.g. genistein for soybean or astaxanthin and EPA for fish intake) and novel emerging ones (e.g. stable isotopes for meat intake or microRNA for plant foods) are emphasized and their suitability as biomarker for food intake discussed. Promising alternatives to plasma measures (e.g. ethyl glucuronide in hair for ethanol intake) are also emphasized. As many biomarkers (i.e. secondary plant metabolites) are not limited to dietary assessment but are also capable of regulating e.g. anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, special attention will be given to biomarkers presenting a double function to assess both dietary patterns and MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cifuentes
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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25
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Mir MM, Alfaifi J, Sohail SK, Rizvi SF, Akhtar MT, Alghamdi MAA, Mir R, Wani JI, Sabah ZU, Alhumaydhi FA, Alremthi F, AlQahtani AAJ, Alharthi MH, Adam MIE, Elfaki I, Sonpol HMA. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5 in the Etiopathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Correlation with Different Degrees of Obesity. J Pers Med 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 39063997 PMCID: PMC11277753 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The high prevalence of obesity and related diabetes cases are attributed to rapid economic progress, physical inactivity, the consumption of high-calorie foods, and changing lifestyles. OBJECTIVES We investigated the roles of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL1, 2, 4, and 5 in T2DM with varying levels of obesity in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 170 confirmed T2DM subjects and a normal control group were enrolled. Demographic data, serum levels of CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5, and biochemical indices were assessed in the subjects and control groups by standard procedures. RESULTS T2DM subjects were divided into four groups: A (normal body weight), B (overweight), C (obese), and D (highly obese). We observed that male and female control subjects had similar mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. T2DM subjects in all the four groups showed significantly higher levels of all the four chemokines compared to the controls, regardless of gender. In T2DM subjects with obesity and severe obesity, the rise was most significant. There was a progressive rise in the concentrations of CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The increase in CCL5 was more predominant in normal-weight people, compared to overweight and obese T2DM subjects. CONCLUSIONS Male and female control subjects had similar serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. The progressive rise in blood concentrations of three pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI supports the idea that dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The selective and more pronounced increase in CCL5 in the T2DM group with normal BMI, compared to subjects with varying degrees of obesity, was rather surprising. Further research is needed to determine if CCL5 underexpression in overweight and obese T2DM subjects is due to some unexplained counterbalancing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzada Khalid Sohail
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Syeda Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Md Tanwir Akhtar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mushabab Ayed Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Rashid Mir
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Iqbal Wani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Zia Ul Sabah
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Alremthi
- Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Abdullah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany M. A. Sonpol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
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26
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Oliveira THCD, Gonçalves GKN. Effect of Ovariectomy and High-fat Diet on the Expression of Estrogen Receptors and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Wistar Rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112327. [PMID: 38996834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the increasing prevalence of obesity, especially among postmenopausal. Estrogen plays a crucial role in regulating adipose tissue in women, with its absence after menopause associated with metabolic complications. The study aimed to determine the lipolytic activity in different adipose tissue depots of ovariectomized rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Also, to analyze the expression of estrogen receptors in adipose tissues and perform histological and morphometric analyzes of these deposits. Female rats were ovariectomized (O) or sham operated (S). The animals were divided into groups: ovariectomized with high-fat diet (OF), sham-operated with high-fat diet (SF), ovariectomized with control diet (OC) or sham-operated with control diet as the control group (SC). After 24 weeks of consuming the diets, rats were killed and adipose tissue deposits were removed. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression of estrogen receptors in adipose tissues, lipolysis assay and histological analysis. Both the high-fat diet and ovariectomy increased body weight and adiposity. There was hypertrophy of adipocytes. Estrogen replacement therapy modulate lipolytic activity in different adipose depots, with different responses in relation to estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptor expression varied between fat depots. Mesenteric adipose tissue showed greater sensitivity to estrogen compared with others. Estrogen increased lipolytic activity in some fat depots, reducing in others. Expression of ERs depends of hormonal status and adipose tissue location, which may explain distinct actions of estrogen on the metabolism of adipose tissue and on the production of adipokines by them.
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27
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Emamat H, Jamshidi A, Farhadi A, Ghalandari H, Ghasemi M, Tangestani H. The association between the visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1827. [PMID: 38982435 PMCID: PMC11232263 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality globally. The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide; there seems to be a significant positive association between obesity and CVDs. The distribution of fat in the abdominal area in the form of visceral (VAT) or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) affects the risk of CVDs. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the available literature regarding the association between the VAT-to-SAT ratio and CVDs. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used to retrieve all human observational studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases/search engines (from Jan 2000 up to Oct 2023). The VAT-to-SAT or SAT-to-VAT ratio was an independent variable and various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and heart failure, were considered as outcomes of interest. RESULTS Out of 1173 initial studies, 910 papers were screened. Based on the inclusion criteria, 883 papers were excluded. Finally, 27 papers (18 cross-sectional and 9 cohort studies) published between 2010 and 2023 which met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of abdominal fat seems to be associated with the risk of CVDs; the majority of the evidence suggests that a higher abdominal VAT-to-SAT ratio is associated with the development of CVDs. Therefore, this ratio can be used as a prognostic indicator for CVDs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Ghasemi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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28
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Nazari M, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Pashayee-Khamene F, Bagheri R, Goudarzi K, Hosseinnia NV, Dolatshahi S, Omran HS, Amirani N, Ashtary-Larky D, Asbaghi O, Ghanavati M. Zinc Supplementation in Individuals with Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2966-2990. [PMID: 37870684 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc supplementation has therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation as the main contributors to CVD pathogenesis. Since CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this study aimed to overview the potential effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors in T2DM patients. To determine appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors, electronic sources including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched until January 2023. The heterogeneity of trials was checked using the I2 statistic. According to the heterogeneity tests, random-effects models were estimated, and pooled data were defined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 4004 initial records, 23 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated the significant lowering effects of zinc supplementation on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and C-reactive protein (CRP), while high-density cholesterol (HDL) concentrations showed an elevation after zinc supplementation. In addition to statistical significance, the effect of zinc supplementation on most of the variables was clinically significant; however, the quality of evidence in the included studies is regarded as low or very low for most variables. Our study demonstrated that zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on glycemic control markers, lipid profile, and CRP levels as a classic marker of inflammation in T2DM. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity between studies and the low rate of quality in them, further well-designed studies are necessitated to strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Nazari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Vahid Hosseinnia
- Sport Management Department, Human Science Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Tan JTM, Cheney CV, Bamhare NES, Hossin T, Bilu C, Sandeman L, Nankivell VA, Solly EL, Kronfeld-Schor N, Bursill CA. Female Psammomys obesus Are Protected from Circadian Disruption-Induced Glucose Intolerance, Cardiac Fibrosis and Adipocyte Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7265. [PMID: 39000372 PMCID: PMC11242371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increases the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We found that circadian disruption causes glucose intolerance, cardiac fibrosis and adipocyte tissue dysfunction in male sand rats, Psammomys obesus. Whether these effects occur in female P. obesus is unknown. Male and female P. obesus were fed a high energy diet and exposed to a neutral (12 light:12 dark, control) or short (5 light:19 dark, circadian disruption) photoperiod for 20 weeks. Circadian disruption impaired glucose tolerance in males but not females. It also increased cardiac perivascular fibrosis and cardiac expression of inflammatory marker Ccl2 in males, with no effect in females. Females had reduced proapoptotic Bax mRNA and cardiac Myh7:Myh6 hypertrophy ratio. Cardiac protection in females occurred despite reductions in the clock gene Per2. Circadian disruption increased adipocyte hypertrophy in both males and females. This was concomitant with a reduction in adipocyte differentiation markers Pparg and Cebpa in males and females, respectively. Circadian disruption increased visceral adipose expression of inflammatory mediators Ccl2, Tgfb1 and Cd68 and reduced browning marker Ucp1 in males. However, these changes were not observed in females. Collectively, our study show that sex differentially influences the effects of circadian disruption on glucose tolerance, cardiac function and adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne T M Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Cate V Cheney
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nicole E S Bamhare
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tasnim Hossin
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lauren Sandeman
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Victoria A Nankivell
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Christina A Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Balcaen T, Benova A, de Jong F, de Oliveira Silva R, Cajka T, Sakellariou D, Tencerova M, Kerckhofs G, De Borggraeve WM. Exploring contrast-enhancing staining agents for studying adipose tissue through contrast-enhanced computed tomography. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100572. [PMID: 38823780 PMCID: PMC11259937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography offers a nondestructive approach to studying adipose tissue in 3D. Several contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs) have been explored, whereof osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is the most popular nowadays. However, due to the toxicity and volatility of the conventional OsO4, alternative CESAs with similar staining properties were desired. Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix have proven effective for structural analysis of adipocytes using contrast-enhanced computed tomography but fail to provide chemical information. This study introduces isotonic Lugol's iodine (IL) as an alternative CESA for adipose tissue analysis, comparing its staining potential with Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix in murine caudal vertebrae and bovine muscle tissue strips. Single and sequential staining protocols were compared to assess the maximization of information extraction from each sample. The study investigated interactions, distribution, and reactivity of iodine species towards biomolecules using simplified model systems and assesses the potential of the CESA to provide chemical information. (Bio)chemical analyses on whole tissues revealed that differences in adipocyte gray values post-IL staining were associated with chemical distinctions between bovine muscle tissue and murine caudal vertebrae. More specific, a difference in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids was identified as a likely contributor, though not the sole determinant of gray value differences. This research sheds light on the potential of IL as a CESA, offering both structural and chemical insights into adipose tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Balcaen
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Benova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo de Oliveira Silva
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitrios Sakellariou
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nikolic M, Jeremic N, Lazarevic N, Stojanovic A, Milojevic Samanovic A, Novakovic J, Zivkovic V, Nikolic M, Nedeljkovic N, Mitrovic S, Jakovljevic V. Sacubitril/valsartan promotes white adipose tissue browning in rats with metabolic syndrome through activation of mTORC1. Biofactors 2024; 50:772-793. [PMID: 38284316 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In addition to their usual use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, weak evidence is available for the potential of combined use of neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and AT1 receptor antagonist (valsartan) to promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study involved 32 male Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: CTRL-healthy control rats; ENT-healthy rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan; MS-rats with MetS; MS + ENT-rats with MetS treated with sacubitril/valsartan. After finishing the experimental protocol, different WAT depots were isolated for further analysis of molecular pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were used for in silico assessment of the binding affinity of sacubitril and valsartan towards subunits of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sacubitril/valsartan treatment markedly diminished morphological changes in adipose tissue, resulting in smaller lipid size and multilocular lipid droplet structure in WAT. We showed significantly higher protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and mTORC1 in WAT of MS + ENT rats, correlating with increased relative gene expression of browning-related markers in tissue of rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared with MS group of rats. In silico analysis showed that sacubitrilat and valsartan exhibited the highest binding affinity against mTOR and mLST8, forming stable complexes with these mTORC1 subunits. The observed results confirmed strong potential of combined sacubitril/valsartan treatment to increase browning markers expression in different WAT depots in MetS condition and to form permanent complexes with mTOR and mLST8 subunits over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Lazarevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Stojanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjela Milojevic Samanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Novakovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Nedeljkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
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Pasupuleti SK, Kapur R. The impact of obesity-induced inflammation on clonal hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:193-198. [PMID: 38640133 PMCID: PMC11197996 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review meticulously delves into existing literature and recent findings to elucidate the intricate link between obesity and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) associated clonal hematopoiesis. It aims to enhance our comprehension of this multifaceted association, offering insights into potential avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent insights reveal that mutations in CHIP-associated genes are not limited to symptomatic patients but are also present in asymptomatic individuals. This section focuses on the impact of obesity-induced inflammation and fatty bone marrow (FBM) on the development of CHIP-associated diseases. Common comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and infection, fostering pro-inflammatory environments, play a pivotal role in the acceleration of these pathologies. Our research underscores a notable association between CHIP and an increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), emphasizing the link between obesity and myeloid leukemia. Recent studies highlight a strong correlation between obesity and myeloid leukemias in both children and adults, with increased risks and poorer survival outcomes in overweight individuals. SUMMARY We discuss recent insights into how CHIP-associated pathologies respond to obesity-induced inflammation, offering implications for future studies in the intricate field of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Włodarczyk M, Nowicka G. DNA damage, obesity and obesity-related health complications: what are new data telling us? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:325-330. [PMID: 38652557 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions. RECENT FINDINGS Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity. Two of the identified genes are linked to DNA damage and DNA repair, suggesting that DNA damage itself may play a role in the cause of obesity. It has also been recognized that obesity increases DNA damage in breast tissue of carriers of BRCA mutations and rates of tumour formation in BRCA1+ mice, indicating effect of obesity on cancer development in high-risk populations. In addition, obesity promotes cancer cell chemoresistance by decreasing fatty acid oxidation involved in cellular DNA damage response, leading to apoptotic cellular death. Obesity is also associated with a reduced capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage, leading to lower in-vitro fertilization rates in women with obesity. SUMMARY DNA damage and cellular responses to DNA damage can be both the result and the cause of obesity and can strongly influence the development and treatment of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, and the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Eligini S, Banfi C. Mass spectrometry for the study of adipocyte cell secretome in cardiovascular diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:752-781. [PMID: 36161723 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is classically considered the primary site of lipid storage, but in recent years has garnered appreciation for its broad role as an endocrine organ, capable of remotely signaling to other tissues to alter their metabolic program. The adipose tissue is now recognized as a crucial regulator of cardiovascular health, mediated by the secretion of several bioactive products, with a wide range of endocrine and paracrine effects on the cardiovascular system. Thanks to the development and improvement of high-throughput mass spectrometry, the size and components of the human secretome have been characterized. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in mass spectrometry-based studies of the cell and tissue secretome for the understanding of adipose tissue biology, which may help to decipher the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system, and their possible clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics and Network Analysis, Milan, Italy
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Meher AK, McNamara CA. B-1 lymphocytes in adipose tissue as innate modulators of inflammation linked to cardiometabolic disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:95-103. [PMID: 38747455 PMCID: PMC11262958 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fat is stored in distinct depots with unique features in both mice and humans and B cells reside in all adipose depots. We have shown that B cells modulate cardiometabolic disease through activities in two of these key adipose depots: visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). VAT refers to the adipose tissue surrounding organs, within the abdomen and thorax, and is comprised predominantly of white adipocytes. This depot has been implicated in mediating obesity-related dysmetabolism. PVAT refers to adipose tissue surrounding major arteries. It had long been thought to exist to provide protection and insulation for the vessel, yet recent work demonstrates an important role for PVAT in harboring immune cells, promoting their function and regulating the biology of the underlying vessel. The role of B-2 cells and adaptive immunity in adipose tissue biology has been nicely reviewed elsewhere. Given that, the predominance of B-1 cells in adipose tissue at homeostasis, and the emerging role of B-1 cells in a variety of disease states, we will focus this review on how B-1 cells function in VAT and PVAT depots to promote homeostasis and limit inflammation linked to cardiometabolic disease and factors that regulate this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K. Meher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Wang L, Liu Y, Li K, Zhang W, Yuan Y, Ma K, Zhou F, Cheng Z, Geng J, Su Y, Guo Z, Blake GM, Cheng X, Liu Y, Engelke K, Vlug AG. Age and BMI have different effects on subcutaneous, visceral, liver, bone marrow, and muscle adiposity, as measured by CT and MRI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1339-1348. [PMID: 38783517 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed quantitative computed tomography (CT) and chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a Chinese cohort to investigate the effects of BMI and aging on different adipose tissue (AT) depots. METHODS In 400 healthy, community-dwelling individuals aged 22 to 83 years, we used MRI to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) bone marrow AT (BMAT), the psoas major and erector spinae (ES) muscles, and the liver. Abdominal total AT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) areas were measured at the L2-L3 level using quantitative CT. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of each AT variable with age and BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in which each AT variable was evaluated in turn as a function of age and the other five independent AT measurements. RESULTS Of the 168 men, 29% had normal BMI (<24.0 kg/m2), 47% had overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m2), and 24% had obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m2). In the 232 women, the percentages were 46%, 32%, and 22%, respectively. Strong or very strong correlations with BMI were found for total AT, VAT, and SAT in both sexes. BMAT and ES PDFF was strongly correlated with age in women and moderately correlated in men. In both sexes, BMAT PDFF correlated only with age and not with any of the other AT depots. Psoas PDFF correlated only with ES PDFF and not with age or the other AT depots. Liver PDFF correlated with BMI and VAT and weakly with SAT in men. VAT and SAT correlated with age and each other in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Age and BMI are both associated with adiposity, but their effects differ depending on the type of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Ma
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbin Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Glen M Blake
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annegreet G Vlug
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal-Dembowska A, Stasik K, Filip R. Common Denominator of MASLD and Some Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6690-6709. [PMID: 39057041 PMCID: PMC11275402 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, steatohepatitis has been designated as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD). MASLD risk factors mainly include metabolic disorders but can also include genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Disease entities such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and MASLD share similar pathomechanisms and risk factors. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship is observed between the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and MASLD. These conditions represent a global public health problem that is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality. It seems that paying holistic attention to these problems will not only help increase the chances of reducing the incidence of these diseases but also assist in the prevention, treatment, and support of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
| | - Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Stasik
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Cayir A, Tannæs TM, Saeed S, Blüher M, Böttcher Y. Protocol for chromatin immunoprecipitation of histone modifications in frozen adipose tissue. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103163. [PMID: 38941184 PMCID: PMC11261134 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) combined with sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation; however, its application to frozen adipose tissue presents unique challenges due to the high levels of lipid content. Here, we present a protocol for ChIP of histone modifications in human frozen adipose tissue. We describe steps for tissue preparation, chromatin isolation, sonication, pre-clearing of chromatin, and immunoprecipitation. We then detail procedures for elution, crosslink reversal, chromatin purification, quality control, and library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Cayir
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tone M Tannæs
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sadia Saeed
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, EpiGen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 1171 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, EpiGen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 1171 Oslo, Norway.
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Acharjee A, Wijesinghe SN, Russ D, Gkoutos G, Jones SW. Cross-species transcriptomics identifies obesity associated genes between human and mouse studies. J Transl Med 2024; 22:592. [PMID: 38918843 PMCID: PMC11197204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamentally defined by an imbalance in energy consumption and energy expenditure, obesity is a significant risk factor of several musculoskeletal conditions including osteoarthritis (OA). High-fat diets and sedentary lifestyle leads to increased adiposity resulting in systemic inflammation due to the endocrine properties of adipose tissue producing inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. We previously showed serum levels of specific adipokines are associated with biomarkers of bone remodelling and cartilage volume loss in knee OA patients. Whilst more recently we find the metabolic consequence of obesity drives the enrichment of pro-inflammatory fibroblast subsets within joint synovial tissues in obese individuals compared to those of BMI defined 'health weight'. As such this present study identifies obesity-associated genes in OA joint tissues which are conserved across species and conditions. METHODS The study utilised 6 publicly available bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets from human and mice studies downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Machine learning models were employed to model and statistically test datasets for conserved gene expression profiles. Identified genes were validated in OA tissues from obese and healthy weight individuals using quantitative PCR method (N = 38). Obese and healthy-weight patients were categorised by BMI > 30 and BMI between 18 and 24.9 respectively. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants who were scheduled to undergo elective arthroplasty. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the variations between classes of mouse and human data which confirmed variation between obese and healthy populations. Differential gene expression analysis filtered on adjusted p-values of p < 0.05, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse and human datasets. DEGs were analysed further using area under curve (AUC) which identified 12 genes. Pathway enrichment analysis suggests these genes were involved in the biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids and the transport, oxidation, and catabolic processing of lipids. qPCR validation found the majority of genes showed a tendency to be upregulated in joint tissues from obese participants. Three validated genes, IGFBP2 (p = 0.0363), DOK6 (0.0451) and CASP1 (0.0412) were found to be significantly different in obese joint tissues compared to lean-weight joint tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study has employed machine learning models across several published obesity datasets to identify obesity-associated genes which are validated in joint tissues from OA. These results suggest obesity-associated genes are conserved across conditions and may be fundamental in accelerating disease in obese individuals. Whilst further validations and additional conditions remain to be tested in this model, identifying obesity-associated genes in this way may serve as a global aid for patient stratification giving rise to the potential of targeted therapeutic interventions in such patient subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Susanne N Wijesinghe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominic Russ
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgios Gkoutos
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Health Data Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lee JC, Ray RM, Scott TA. Prospects and challenges of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00408-8. [PMID: 38910325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered a vital component of cell-to-cell communication and represent a new frontier in diagnostics and a means to identify pathways for therapeutic intervention. Recently, studies have revealed the importance of tissue-derived EVs (Ti-EVs), which are EVs present in the interstitial spaces between cells, as they better represent the underlying physiology of complex, multicellular tissue microenvironments in biology and disease. EVs are native, lipid bilayer membraned nano-sized particles produced by all cells that are packaged with varied functional biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are implicated in short- and long-range cellular communication and may elicit functional responses in recipient cells. To date, studies have often utilized cultured cells or biological fluids as a source for EVs that do not capture local molecular signatures of the tissue microenvironment. Recent work utilizing Ti-EVs has elucidated novel biomarkers for disease and provided insights into disease mechanisms that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents. Still, there are considerable challenges facing current studies. This review explores the vast potential and unique challenges for Ti-EV research and provides considerations for future studies that seek to advance this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roslyn M Ray
- Gene Therapy Research, CSL Behring, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
| | - Tristan A Scott
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute and Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Khan MM, Khan ZA, Khan MA. Metabolic complications of psychotropic medications in psychiatric disorders: Emerging role of de novo lipogenesis and therapeutic consideration. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:767-783. [PMID: 38984346 PMCID: PMC11230099 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in understanding the patho-physiology of psychiatric disorders (PDs), therapeutic advances have not been very convincing. While psychotropic medications can reduce classical symptoms in patients with PDs, their long-term use has been reported to induce or exaggerate various pre-existing metabolic abnormalities including diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanism(s) underlying these metabolic abnormalities is not clear; however, lipid/fatty acid accumulation due to enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been shown to reduce membrane fluidity, increase oxidative stress and inflammation leading to the development of the aforementioned metabolic abnormalities. Intriguingly, emerging evidence suggest that DNL dysregulation and fatty acid accumulation could be the major mechanisms associated with the development of obesity, diabetes and NAFLD after long-term treatment with psychotropic medications in patients with PDs. In support of this, several adjunctive drugs comprising of anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, that are used in treating PDs in combination with psychotropic medications, have been shown to reduce insulin resistance and development of NAFLD. In conclusion, the above evidence suggests that DNL could be a potential pathological factor associated with various metabolic abnormalities, and a new avenue for translational research and therapeutic drug designing in PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Khan
- Laboratory of Translational Neurology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, and Faculty of Science, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
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Karimi R, Yanovich A, Elbarbry F, Cleven A. Adaptive Effects of Endocrine Hormones on Metabolism of Macronutrients during Fasting and Starvation: A Scoping Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:336. [PMID: 38921471 PMCID: PMC11205672 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food deprivation can occur for different reasons. Fasting (<24 h duration) occurs to meet religious or well-being goals. Starvation (>1-day duration) occurs when there is intentional (hunger strike or treatment of a medical condition) or unintentional (anorexia nervosa, drought, epidemic famine, war, or natural disaster) food deprivation. A scoping review was undertaken using the PubMed database to explore 1805 abstracts and review 88 eligible full-text articles to explore the adaptive relationships that emerge between cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones on the metabolic pathways of macronutrients in humans during fasting and starvation. The collected data indicate that fasting and starvation prime the human body to increase cortisol levels and decrease the insulin/glucagon ratio and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. During fasting, increased levels of cortisol and a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio enhance glycogenolysis and reduce the peripheral uptake of glucose and glycogenesis, whereas decreased T3 levels potentially reduce glycogenolysis. During starvation, increased levels of cortisol and a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio enhance lipolysis, proteolysis, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and ureagenesis, and decreased T3 levels reduce thermogenesis. We present a potential crosstalk between T3 and the above hormones, including between T3 and leptin, to extend their adaptive roles in the metabolism of endogenous macronutrients during food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karimi
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, HPC-Ste 451, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (A.Y.); (F.E.); (A.C.)
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Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Wang W, Liu K, Xu H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Ding M, Xing C, Huang X, Wen Q, Lu C, Song L. Sleep deprivation induced fat accumulation in the visceral white adipose tissue by suppressing SIRT1/FOXO1/ATGL pathway activation. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01024-z. [PMID: 38856814 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is critical for maintaining overall health. Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with various physical and mental health risks and chronic diseases. To date, plenty of epidemiological research has shown that sleep disorders are associated with the risk of obesity, which is usually featured by the expansion of adipose tissue. However, the underlying mechanism of increased fat accumulation upon sleep disorders remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that sleep deprivation (SD) caused triglycerides (TG) accumulation in the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), accompanied by a remarkable decrease in the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and other two rate-limiting lipolytic enzymes. Due to the key role of ATGL in initiating and controlling lipolysis, we focused on investigating the signaling pathway leading to attenuated ATGL expression in vWAT upon SD in the following study. We observed that ATGL downregulation resulted from the suppression of ATGL transcription, which was mediated by the reduction of the transcriptional factor FOXO1 and its upstream regulator SIRT1 expression in vWAT after SD. Furthermore, impairment of SIRT1/FOXO1/ATGL pathway activation and lipolysis induced by SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 in the 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were efficiently rescued by the SIRT1 activator resveratrol. Most notably, resveratrol administration in SD mice revitalized the SIRT1/FOXO1/ATGL pathway activation and lipid mobilization in vWAT. These findings suggest that targeting the SIRT1/FOXO1/ATGL pathway may offer a promising strategy to mitigate fat accumulation in vWAT and reduce obesity risk associated with sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamus University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chongchong Zhang
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Henan University Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, 357 Ximen Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengnan Ding
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamus University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Huzhou University, 158 Xushi Road, Huzhou, 313002, China.
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiamus University, 258 Xuefu Street, Jiamusi, 154007, China.
- Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 473007, China.
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Zhang X, Ma N, Lin Q, Chen K, Zheng F, Wu J, Dong X, Niu W. Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2415051. [PMID: 38837158 PMCID: PMC11154161 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is an established risk factor associated with all-cause mortality. However, the inadequacy of conventional anthropometric measures in assessing fat distribution necessitates a more comprehensive indicator, body roundness index (BRI), to decipher its population-based characteristics and potential association with mortality risk. Objective To evaluate the temporal trends of BRI among US noninstitutionalized civilian residents and explore its association with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cohort study, information on a nationally representative cohort of 32 995 US adults (age ≥20 years) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 and NHANES Linked Mortality File, with mortality ascertained through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed between April 1 and September 30, 2023. Exposures Biennial weighted percentage changes in BRI were calculated. Restricted cubic spline curve was used to determine optimal cutoff points for BRI. Main Outcome and Measures The survival outcome was all-cause mortality. Mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website and linked to the NHANES database using the unique subject identifier. Weibull regression model was adopted to quantify the association between BRI and all-cause mortality. Results Among 32 995 US adults, the mean (SD) age was 46.74 (16.92) years, and 16 529 (50.10%) were women. Mean BRI increased gradually from 4.80 (95% CI, 4.62-4.97) to 5.62 (95% CI, 5.37-5.86) from 1999 through 2018, with a biennial change of 0.95% (95% CI, 0.80%-1.09%; P < .001), and this increasing trend was more obvious among women, elderly individuals, and individuals who identified as Mexican American. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.98 (5.33-14.33) years, 3452 deaths (10.46% of participants) from all causes occurred. There was a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality, with the risk increased by 25% (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.47) for adults with BRI less than 3.4 and by 49% (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.70) for those with BRI of 6.9 or greater compared with the middle quintile of BRI of 4.5 to 5.5 after full adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance This national cohort study found an increasing trend of BRI during nearly 20-year period among US adults, and importantly, a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality. These findings provide evidence for proposing BRI as a noninvasive screening tool for mortality risk estimation, an innovative concept that could be incorporated into public health practice pending consistent validation in other independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushi Lin
- Sanofi Aventis, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kening Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangjieyi Zheng
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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Bansal SK, Bansal MB. Pathogenesis of MASLD and MASH - role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S10-S22. [PMID: 38451123 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and lipotoxicity are extremely interconnected but fundamental in setting the stage for the development of MASLD/MASH. AIM/METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed and key themes were synthesised to provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in the liver, muscle, pancreas and adipose tissue and how organ cross-talk is fundamental to driving disease pathogenesis. RESULTS Classical thinking postulates that excess FFA load exceeds the storage capacity of adipose tissue, which is predicated upon both genetic and environmental factors. This results in insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia by pancreatic beta cells to overcome target organ insulin resistance. As adipocyte dysfunction worsens, not only are excess FFA delivered to other organs, including skeletal muscle, pancreas and liver but a pro-inflammatory milieu is established with increases in IL-6, TNF-α and changes in adipokine levels (increased leptin and decreased adiponectin). With increased intramuscular lipid accumulation, lipotoxic species decrease insulin signalling, reduce glucose uptake by downregulation of GLUT4 and decrease glycogen synthesis. With this additional reduced capacity, hyperglycaemia is further exacerbated and increased FFA are delivered to the liver. The liver has the largest capacity to oxidise fat and to adapt to these stressors and, therefore, has become the last line of defence for excess lipid storage and utilisation, the capacity of which may be impacted by genetic and environmental factors. However, when the liver can no longer keep up with increasing FFA delivery and DNL, lipotoxic species accumulate with ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ER stress, oxidant stress and inflammasome activation, all of which drive hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. The resulting wound healing response, marked by stellate cell activation, drives collagen accumulation, progressive fibrosis, and, ultimately, end organ failure and death. This vicious cycle and complex interplay between insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, lipotoxicity and multi-directional cross-talk among different target organs are critical drivers of MASLD/MASH. CONCLUSIONS Targeting tissue-specific insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia while decreasing FFA load (lipotoxicity) through dietary and lifestyle changes remain the best upstream interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini K Bansal
- Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meena B Bansal
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Aksoy AN, Abayomi J, Relph N, Butler T. Physiological and psychological determinants of long-term diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remission: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13733. [PMID: 38511597 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, causing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with related complications and anti-diabetes drug prescriptions. Recently, it was demonstrated that T2DM can be put into remission via significant weight loss using low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low-energy diets (VLEDs) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Clinical trials demonstrated remission rates of 25-77%, and metabolic improvements such as improved blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed. In contrast, clinical trials showed that remission rate declines with time, concurrent with weight gain, or diminished weight loss. This review aims to discuss existing literature regarding underlying determinants of long-term remission of T2DM including metabolic adaptations to weight loss (e.g., role of gastrointestinal hormones), type of dietary intervention (i.e., LCDs or VLEDs), maintaining beta (β)-cell function, early glycemic control, and psychosocial factors. This narrative review is significant because determining the factors that are associated with challenges in maintaining long-term remission may help in designing sustainable interventions for type 2 diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Aksoy
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Julie Abayomi
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Nicola Relph
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Thomas Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Cardio-Respiratory Research Centre, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Freitas RGBON, Vasques ACJ, da Rocha Fernandes G, Ribeiro FB, Solar I, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, de Almeida-Pititto B, Geloneze B, Ferreira SRG. Gut bacterial markers involved in association of dietary inflammatory index with visceral adiposity. Nutrition 2024; 122:112371. [PMID: 38430843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To deepen the understanding of the influence of diet on weight gain and metabolic disturbances, we examined associations between diet-related inflammation and body composition and fecal bacteria abundances in participants of the Nutritionists' Health Study. METHODS Early-life, dietary and clinical data were obtained from 114 women aged ≤45 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). Participants' data were compared by E-DII quartiles using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Associations of DXA-determined body composition with the E-DII were tested by multiple linear regression using DAG-oriented adjustments. Fecal microbiota was analyzed targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test linear associations; differential abundance of genera across the E-DII quartiles was assessed by pair-wise comparisons. RESULTS E-DII score was associated with total fat (b=1.80, p<0.001), FMI (b=0.08, p<0.001) and visceral fat (b=1.19, p=0.02), independently of maternal BMI, birth type and breastfeeding. E-DII score was directly correlated to HOMA-IR (r=0.30; p=0.004), C-reactive protein (r=0.29; p=0.003) and to the abundance of Actinomyces, and inversely correlated to the abundance of Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group. Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in the highest (most proinflammatory) E-DII quartile. CONCLUSIONS Association of E-DII with markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, body adiposity and certain gut bacteria are consistent with beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory diet on body composition and metabolic profile. Bacterial markers, such as Actinomyces, could be involved in the association between the dietary inflammation with visceral adiposity. Studies designed to explore how a pro-inflammatory diet affects both central fat deposition and gut microbiota are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G B O N Freitas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina J Vasques
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francieli B Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Solar
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Adamidis N, Papalexis P, Adamidis S. Exploring the Link Between Metabolic Syndrome and Cellulite. Cureus 2024; 16:e63464. [PMID: 38947139 PMCID: PMC11214470 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia, increasing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risks. Cellulite, a cosmetic condition marked by dimpled skin, predominantly affects women and shares risk factors with MetS, such as obesity and hormonal imbalances. This review examines the potential link between MetS and cellulite, focusing on shared pathophysiological pathways and implications for clinical practice and future research. Common factors such as inflammation, hormonal changes, and adipose tissue dysfunction are explored. The review highlights the importance of longitudinal studies to track cellulite progression in MetS patients, biomarker identification for early detection, intervention trials to assess therapeutic efficacy, mechanistic studies to elucidate underlying pathways and the impact of comorbidities on cellulite development. Understanding these relationships can enhance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for both MetS and cellulite, addressing significant public health and cosmetic concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Endocrinology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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