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De Toro V, Alberti G, Dominguez A, Carrasco-Negüe K, Ferrer P, Valenzuela R, Garmendia ML, Casanello P. Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 79:371-381. [PMID: 38922906 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery). METHODS This study evaluated the growth patterns during the first 4 months of life of 169 infants of the women that participated in the MIGHT study (NCT02574767). We included the infants of women from the PGO-200 (n = 81) and PGO-800 group (n = 88). The growth patterns (weight, length, and head circumference) and change in z-score (World health Organization charts) were evaluated. RESULTS Throughout the first 4 months of life, the infants of the PGO-800 group had lower weight-for-length z-score (coef. -0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.07, -0.22, p = 0.003) and lower body mass index-for-age z-score (coef. -0.56, 95% CI -0.99, -0.12, p = 0.012) compared with the PGO-200 group adjusted by maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, gestational age, insulin in cord blood and infant feeding (exclusive breastfed, not breastfed, and partially breastfed). CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with DHA during pregnancy could beneficially limit the offspring's postnatal weight gain during the first 4 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Toro
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gigliola Alberti
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Dominguez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Carrasco-Negüe
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ferrer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Garmendia
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dicklin MR, Anthony JC, Winters BL, Maki KC. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status Testing in Humans: A Narrative Review of Commercially Available Options. J Nutr 2024; 154:1487-1504. [PMID: 38522783 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing body of evidence supporting a link between low intakes of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and numerous diseases and health conditions. However, few people are achieving the levels of fish/seafood or eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intake recommended in national and international guidelines. Knowledge of a person's ω-3 LCPUFA status will benefit the interpretation of research results and could be expected to lead to an increased effort to increase intake. Dietary intake survey methods are often used as a surrogate for measuring ω-3 PUFA tissue status and its impact on health and functional outcomes. However, because individuals vary widely in their ability to digest and absorb ω-3 PUFA, analytical testing of biological samples is desirable to accurately evaluate ω-3 PUFA status. Adipose tissue is the reference biospecimen for measuring tissue fatty acids, but less-invasive methods, such as measurements in whole blood or its components (e.g., plasma, serum, red blood cell membranes) or breast milk are often used. Numerous commercial laboratories provide fatty acid testing of blood and breast milk samples by different methods and present their results in a variety of reports such as a full fatty acid profile, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid profiles, fatty acid ratios, as well as the Omega-3 Index, the Holman Omega-3 Test, OmegaScore, and OmegaCheck, among others. This narrative review provides information about the different ways to measure ω-3 LCPUFA status (including both dietary assessments and selected commercially available analytical tests of blood and breast milk samples) and discusses evidence linking increased ω-3 LCPUFA intake or status to improved health, focusing on cardiovascular, neurological, pregnancy, and eye health, in support of recommendations to increase ω-3 LCPUFA intake and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, United States; Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States.
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Zielinsky P, Alves DR, Foresti JDÁ, Guimarães DB, Zucatti KP, Vian I. Maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid does not cause constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus: randomized controlled trial. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:586-591. [PMID: 38214544 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recommended routinely in pregnancy to promote fetal development. DHA has anti-inflammatory activity, but its effects on the fetal heart and circulation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester affects maternal prostaglandin levels and fetal ductus arteriosus flow dynamics. METHODS This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with parallel groups conducted between 2018 and 2021. Pregnant women aged over 18 years with a normal fetus at 27-28 weeks' gestation showing no cardiac/extracardiac anomalies or ductal constriction were eligible for the trial. Women consuming substances with a known inhibitory effect on prostaglandin metabolism, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and polyphenol-rich foods, were excluded. The intervention group received oral supplementation of omega-3 with 450 mg/day of DHA for 8 weeks and the placebo group received capsules of soy lecithin for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, assessment of polyphenol and omega-3 consumption, fetal morphological ultrasound examination, fetal Doppler echocardiographic examination and blood sample collection were performed at the start of the study and the latter two were repeated at follow-up. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level and echocardiographic parameters were compared between the intervention and placebo groups and between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 24 participants were included in each group. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups in maternal serum PGE2 level or Doppler echocardiographic parameters of ductal flow. No case of ductus arteriosus constriction was observed. The expected intragroup changes in cardiac morphology, as a result of advancing gestation, were present. CONCLUSIONS Maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester at a clinically recommended dose did not result in inhibition of PGE2 or constriction of the ductus arteriosus. These findings should be confirmed in postmarket surveillance studies with larger patient numbers in order to test the full safety profile of DHA and provide robust clinical reassurance. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zielinsky
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D R Alves
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J D Á Foresti
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D B Guimarães
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K P Zucatti
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - I Vian
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Smolińska K, Szopa A, Sobczyński J, Serefko A, Dobrowolski P. Nutritional Quality Implications: Exploring the Impact of a Fatty Acid-Rich Diet on Central Nervous System Development. Nutrients 2024; 16:1093. [PMID: 38613126 PMCID: PMC11013435 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the comprehensive examination of the role of fatty acid-rich diets in central nervous system development in children, this study bridges significant gaps in the understanding of dietary effects on neurodevelopment. It delves into the essential functions of fatty acids in neurodevelopment, including their contributions to neuronal membrane formation, neuroinflammatory modulation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Despite the acknowledged importance of these nutrients, this review reveals a lack of comprehensive synthesis in current research, particularly regarding the broader spectrum of fatty acids and their optimal levels throughout childhood. By consolidating the existing knowledge and highlighting critical research gaps, such as the effects of fatty acid metabolism on neurodevelopmental disorders and the need for age-specific dietary guidelines, this study sets a foundation for future studies. This underscores the potential of nutritional strategies to significantly influence neurodevelopmental trajectories, advocating an enriched academic and clinical understanding that can inform dietary recommendations and interventions aimed at optimizing neurological health from infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolińska
- Chronic Wounds Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Oken E, Musci RJ, Westlake M, Gachigi K, Aschner JL, Barnes KL, Bastain TM, Buss C, Camargo CA, Cordero JF, Dabelea D, Dunlop AL, Ghassabian A, Hipwell AE, Hockett CW, Karagas MR, Lugo-Candelas C, Margolis AE, O’Connor TG, Shuster CL, Straughen JK, Lyall K. Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and n-3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO programme. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e94. [PMID: 38410088 PMCID: PMC10993063 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002400051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE n-3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or n-3 supplement intake. DESIGN Pooled pregnancy cohort studies. SETTING Cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium with births from 1999 to 2020. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 800 pregnant women in twenty-three cohorts with food frequency data on fish consumption; 12 646 from thirty-five cohorts with information on supplement use. RESULTS Overall, 24·6 % reported consuming fish never or less than once per month, 40·1 % less than once a week, 22·1 % 1-2 times per week and 13·2 % more than twice per week. The relative risk (RR) of ever (v. never) consuming fish was higher in participants who were older (1·14, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·18 for 35-40 v. <29 years), were other than non-Hispanic White (1·13, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·18 for non-Hispanic Black; 1·05, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·10 for non-Hispanic Asian; 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10 for Hispanic) or used tobacco (1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08). The RR was lower in those with overweight v. healthy weight (0·97, 95 % CI 0·95, 1·0). Only 16·2 % reported n-3 supplement use, which was more common among individuals with a higher age and education, a lower BMI, and fish consumption (RR 1·5, 95 % CI 1·23, 1·82 for twice-weekly v. never). CONCLUSIONS One-quarter of participants in this large nationwide dataset rarely or never consumed fish during pregnancy, and n-3 supplement use was uncommon, even among those who did not consume fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease research across the Lifecourse, Department of
Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care
Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | | | - Kennedy Gachigi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy L Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital,
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley,
NJ, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,
NY, USA
| | | | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University of
Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Health, Disease Research Program, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health,
University of Georgia, Athens, GA,
USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman
School of Medicine, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,
USA
| | | | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at
Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Amy E Margolis
- Columbia University Irving Medical center, New York,
NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O’Connor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester,
NY, USA
| | - Coral L Shuster
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and
Infants Hospital, Providence, RI,
USA
| | - Jennifer K Straughen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health
System, Detroit, MI, USA
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Eser B, Dogan I, Kayadibi H. The relationship between cognitive impairment and fatty acids and carnitine in hemodialysis patients. Nefrologia 2024; 44:40-49. [PMID: 36517361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is high in hemodialysis patients. In this study, the relationship between CI and serum carnitine, plasma omega-3, omega-6 and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio was evaluated in hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty two patients [male: 40 (64.5%), mean age 51±13 years] were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum total and free-carnitine levels were determined by ELISA. Plasma omega-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and omega-6 [arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo gamma linoleic acid (DGLA)] levels were measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, ≤24 points were considered as CI. MoCA score ≤24 and >24 were determined as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. RESULTS Group 1 had significantly higher AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios and lower free-carnitine, DHA and EPA+DHA levels compared to Group 2 (P=0.008, P=0.040, P=0.032, P=0.032, respectively). Group 1 had a statistically lower education level (P<0.05). Negative correlation was found between MoCA scores and AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios (rs=-0.284, P=0.026). Free-carnitine levels were positively correlated with EPA and EPA+DHA levels (rs=0.278, P=0.030 and rs=0.271, P=0.034, respectively), and negative correlated with AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios (rs=-0.414, P=0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MoCA scores was associated with AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratio (P=0.009) and education level (P<0.001). CONCLUSION It was determined that high AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratio and low education level could be independent risk factors of the CI. It has been shown that free-carnitine level can have positive effects on plasma EPA+DHA and AA+DGLA distributions. Low omega-3 fatty acid levels may be associated with CI in hemodialysis patients, and low carnitine level may contribute partially to this process. In addition, cognitive education programs may have an effect on preventing CI in hemodialysis patients with low education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Eser
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, 19200 Corum, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Dogan
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, 19200 Corum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadibi
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mietus-Snyder M, Perak AM, Cheng S, Hayman LL, Haynes N, Meikle PJ, Shah SH, Suglia SF. Next Generation, Modifiable Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Mitochondrial Adaptation and Metabolic Resilience: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:1827-1845. [PMID: 37902008 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk is increasing in prevalence across the life span with disproportionate ramifications for youth at socioeconomic disadvantage. Established risk factors and associated disease progression are harder to reverse as they become entrenched over time; if current trends are unchecked, the consequences for individual and societal wellness will become untenable. Interrelated root causes of ectopic adiposity and insulin resistance are understood but identified late in the trajectory of systemic metabolic dysregulation when traditional cardiometabolic risk factors cross current diagnostic thresholds of disease. Thus, children at cardiometabolic risk are often exposed to suboptimal metabolism over years before they present with clinical symptoms, at which point life-long reliance on pharmacotherapy may only mitigate but not reverse the risk. Leading-edge indicators are needed to detect the earliest departure from healthy metabolism, so that targeted, primordial, and primary prevention of cardiometabolic risk is possible. Better understanding of biomarkers that reflect the earliest transitions to dysmetabolism, beginning in utero, ideally biomarkers that are also mechanistic/causal and modifiable, is critically needed. This scientific statement explores emerging biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk across rapidly evolving and interrelated "omic" fields of research (the epigenome, microbiome, metabolome, lipidome, and inflammasome). Connections in each domain to mitochondrial function are identified that may mediate the favorable responses of each of the omic biomarkers featured to a heart-healthy lifestyle, notably to nutritional interventions. Fuller implementation of evidence-based nutrition must address environmental and socioeconomic disparities that can either facilitate or impede response to therapy.
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Hergenrader A, VanOrmer M, Slotkowski R, Thompson M, Freeman A, Paetz O, Sweeney S, Wegner L, Ali K, Bender N, Chaudhary R, Thoene M, Hanson C, Anderson-Berry A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Maternal and Cord Plasma Are Associated with Maternal Socioeconomic Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:4432. [PMID: 37892508 PMCID: PMC10609830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a crucial role in fetal growth and neurodevelopment, while omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic status (SES) influences dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, but few studies have evaluated the association between maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of PUFAs and socioeconomic markers. An IRB-approved study enrolled mother-infant pairs (n = 55) at the time of delivery. Maternal and cord plasma PUFA concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography. Markers of SES were obtained from validated surveys and maternal medical records. Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression models were utilized for statistical analysis. Maternal eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (p = 0.02), cord EPA (p = 0.04), and total cord n-3 PUFA concentrations (p = 0.04) were significantly higher in college-educated mothers vs. mothers with less than a college education after adjustment for relevant confounders. Insurance type and household income were not significantly associated with n-3 or n-6 PUFA plasma concentrations after adjustment. Our findings suggest that mothers with lower educational status may be at risk of lower plasma concentrations of n-3 PUFAs at delivery, which could confer increased susceptibility to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hergenrader
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Alyssa Freeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Olivia Paetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah Sweeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lauren Wegner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Khadijjta Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nicole Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education Program, College of Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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9
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Sauder KA, Cohen CC, Mueller NT, Hockett CW, Switkowski KM, Maldonado LE, Lyall K, Kerver JM, Dabelea D, O'Connor TG, Glueck DH, Melough MM, Couzens GL, Catellier DJ, Smith PB, Newby KL, Benjamin DK. Identifying Foods That Optimize Intake of Key Micronutrients During Pregnancy. J Nutr 2023; 153:3012-3022. [PMID: 37604382 PMCID: PMC10613721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy. METHODS In a previous analysis of 2,450 pregnant women, we calculated the range of additional intake needed to shift 90% of participants to intake above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper level for these 6 nutrients. Here, we identified foods and beverages from the 2019 to 2020 Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies that provide target levels of these nutrients without exceeding the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester (340 kilocalories). RESULTS We identified 2358 candidate foods meeting the target intake range for at least one nutrient. No candidate foods provided target amounts of all 6 nutrients. Seaweed (raw or cooked without fat) provided sufficient vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron, and omega-3s (5 of 6 nutrients) but would require an intake of >5 cups/d. Twenty-one other foods/beverages (mainly fish, vegetables, and beverages) provided target amounts of 4 of the 6 nutrients. Few foods met targets for vitamin D (n = 54) or iron (n = 93). CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the difficulty in meeting nutritional requirements from diet alone and imply that dietary supplements are likely necessary to meet vitamin D and iron targets in pregnancy, as well as omega-3 fatty acid targets for individuals who do not consume fish products. Other foods could be added in limited amounts to help meet intake targets without exceeding caloric recommendations or nutrient safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Catherine C Cohen
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christine W Hockett
- Avera Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Karen M Switkowski
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis E Maldonado
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jean M Kerver
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa M Melough
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - G Lance Couzens
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - P B Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - K L Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - D K Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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10
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Lamontagne-Kam DM, Davari S, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Cho S, Chalil D, Mielke JG, Stark KD. Sex differences in hippocampal-dependent memory and the hippocampal lipidome in adolescent rats raised on diets with or without DHA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 192:102569. [PMID: 36966673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the effects of DHA supplementation on human memory may differ between females and males during infancy, adolescence, and early adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. As a result, this study sought to examine the spatial memory and brain lipidomic profiles in female and male adolescent rats with or without a DHA-enriched diet that began perinatally with the supplementation of dams. Spatial learning and memory were examined in adolescent rats using the Morris Water Maze beginning at 6 weeks of age and animals were sacrificed at 7 weeks of age to permit isolation of brain tissue and blood samples. Behavioral testing showed that there was a significant diet x sex interaction for two key measures of spatial memory (distance to zone and time spent in the correct quadrant during the probe test), with female rats benefiting the most from DHA supplementation. Lipidomic analyses suggest levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) containing phospholipid species were lower in the hippocampus of DHA supplemented compared with control animals, and principal component analyses revealed a potential dietary treatment effect for hippocampal PUFA. Females fed DHA had slightly more PE P-18:0_22:6 and maintained levels of PE 18:0_20:4 in the hippocampus in contrast with males fed DHA. Understanding how DHA supplementation during the perinatal and adolescent periods changes cognitive function in a sex-specific manner has important implications for determining the dietary requirements of DHA. This study adds to previous work highlighting the importance of DHA for spatial memory and provides evidence that further research needs to consider how DHA supplementation can cause sex-specific changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lamontagne-Kam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Saeideh Davari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; BPGbio Inc., 500 Old Connecticut Path Building B, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Seungjae Cho
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John G Mielke
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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11
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Xie J, Wang Z, Wang J, Feng W, Shan T, Jing S, Xiao S, Li W, Liu N, Liu Y. Intakes of omega-3 fatty acids and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes: a cohort study based on NHANES 1999-2014. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:353-362. [PMID: 36527499 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with several health benefits, but the specific benefits in populations with diabetes have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between intake of omega-3 fatty acids and mortality in people with diabetes. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study and included 4854 participants with diabetes (mean age, 57.92 years; 50.9% male) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid intake were used as alternative markers of omega-3 fatty acids intake and calculated based on the sum of the 24-h dietary recall interviews and dietary supplements. Mortality data were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records by December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the relationship between EPA and DHA intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.2.0 software. RESULTS Compared with participants with a lower EPA + DHA intake, participants who had a higher EPA + DHA intake tended to be Non-Hispanic Black; were more likely to be obese; and had higher daily energy intake and family income. During 34,386 person-years of follow-up, 1102 deaths were documented, including 266 cardiovascular disease deaths and 152 cancer deaths. In multivariable regression analyses with adjustment of confounding factors, higher EPA + DHA intake was significantly and linearly related to lower all-cause mortality: there was a 25% reduced risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Higher omega-3 fatty acid intake was independently related to lower all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes, suggesting an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids may prevent premature death among the population with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenqi Jing
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjue Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Vafai Y, Yeung E, Roy A, He D, Li M, Hinkle SN, Grobman WA, Newman R, Gleason JL, Tekola-Ayele F, Zhang C, Grantz KL. The association between first-trimester omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and fetal growth trajectories. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:224.e1-224.e16. [PMID: 35952840 PMCID: PMC9877160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, particularly docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, has been associated with greater birthweight in clinical trials; however, its effect on fetal growth throughout gestation is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between first-trimester docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation and growth trajectories of estimated fetal weight and specific fetal biometrics measured longitudinally from the second trimester of pregnancy to delivery. STUDY DESIGN In a multisite, prospective cohort of racially diverse, low-risk pregnant women, we used secondary data analysis to examine fetal growth trajectories in relation to self-reported (yes or no) first-trimester docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation. Fetal ultrasonographic measurements, including abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter, femur length, head circumference, and humerus length, were measured at enrollment (8-13 weeks) and up to 5 follow-up visits. Estimated fetal weight and head circumference-to-abdominal circumference ratio (a measure of growth symmetry) were calculated. Fetal growth trajectories were modeled for each measure using a linear mixed model with cubic splines. If significant differences in fetal growth trajectories between groups were observed (global P<.05), weekly comparisons were performed to determine when in gestation these differences emerged. Analyses were adjusted for maternal sociodemographics, parity, infant sex, total energy consumption, and diet quality score. All analyses were repeated using dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid intake, dichotomized at the recommended cutoff for pregnant and lactating women (≥0.25 vs <0.25 g/d), among women who did not report supplement intake in the first trimester of pregnancy were repeated. RESULTS Among 1535 women, 143 (9%) reported docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in the first trimester of pregnancy. Overall, first-trimester docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation was associated with statistically significant differences (P-value <.05) in fetal growth trajectories during pregnancy. Specifically, estimated fetal weight was larger among women with docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation than among those without supplementation (global P=.028) with significant weekly differences in median estimated fetal weight most apparent between 38 to 41 weeks of gestation (median estimated fetal weight difference at 40 weeks of gestation, 114 g). Differences in fetal growth trajectories for abdominal circumference (P=.003), head circumference (P=.003), and head circumference-to-abdominal circumference ratio (P=.0004) were also identified by supplementation status. In weekly comparisons, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplement use was associated with larger median abdominal circumference (changed from 2 to 9 mm) in midpregnancy onward (19 to 41 weeks), larger median head circumference between 30 to 33 weeks of gestation, and smaller median head circumference-to-abdominal circumference ratio in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. There was no specific weekly difference in fetal femur length or humerus length by docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation. First-trimester dietary sources of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid among women with no first-trimester docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation (n=1392) were associated with differences in fetal biparietal diameter (P=.043), but not other metrics of fetal growth. At the recommended dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels compared with below-recommended levels, biparietal diameter was larger between 38 to 41 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION In this racially diverse pregnancy cohort, first-trimester docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation was associated with significant increases in fetal growth, specifically greater estimated fetal abdominal circumference in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassaman Vafai
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edwina Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anindya Roy
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dian He
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; The Prospective Group, Inc, Fairfax, VA
| | - Mengying Li
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Roger Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jessica L Gleason
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Global Center for Asian Women's Health, Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Redruello-Requejo M, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Puga AM, Montero-Bravo A, Ruperto M, Rodríguez-Alonso P, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes, Determinants and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030562. [PMID: 36771269 PMCID: PMC9920307 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in growth and general health are well documented. However, available intake data for the Spanish population are limited and lack gender and age considerations. Therefore, our goal was to assess dietary intake adequacy of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, their determinants and their major food sources among the Spanish population. Due to their influence on various beneficial functions attributed to omega-3 PUFA, combined intake adequacy with folic acid (FA), vitamin B₁₂ and choline was also assessed. Intake data were obtained from the ANIBES cross-sectional study on a representative sample of the Spanish population (9-75 years; n = 2009), where dietary intake was analysed with a three-day dietary record. Median intake of total omega-3 PUFA stood at 0.81 g/day (0.56-1.19 g/day), with α-linolenic acid (ALA) at 0.61 g/day (0.45-0.85 g/day), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 0.03 g/day (0.01-0.12 g/day) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at 0.06 g/day (0.0-0.20 g/day). Accordingly, 65% of the Spanish population showed insufficient intakes for total omega-3 PUFA; 87% for ALA, and 83% for combined EPA and DHA. Inadequate intakes were significantly higher in children, adolescents, and younger women of childbearing age (18-30 years). In contrast, inadequacy due to excessive intakes was almost negligible. Regarding omega-6 PUFA, total intake was 10.1 g/day (7.0-14.0 g/day), 10.0 g/day (6.9-13.9 g/day) for linoleic acid (LA) and 0.08 g/day (0.05-0.13 g/day) for arachidonic acid (AA). Non-compliance due to either insufficient or excessive intakes of LA stood at around 5% of the sample, with the elderly showing significantly higher degrees of inadequacy due to insufficient intakes (10%; p ≤ 0.05). Median omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 12:1, and significantly higher in men compared to women (p ≤ 0.05); in children, adolescents and adults compared to the elderly (p ≤ 0.05); and in younger women of childbearing age compared to the older group (31-45 years) (p ≤ 0.001). Oils and fats and meat and meat products were the main dietary sources for the essential fatty acids LA and ALA, respectively. Meat and meat products were as well the main providers of AA, while fish and shellfish were almost exclusively the only sources of EPA and DHA. However, main food sources identified showed important differences across age groups. Finally, the total combined degree of inadequacy observed for omega-3 PUFA, FA, vitamin B₁₂ and choline reached 21.3% of the ANIBES population. The observed degree of inadequacy of omega-3 PUFA intakes among the Spanish population makes it urgent to increase its consumption and to consider the need for supplementation. This should also be the main strategy for the optimization of the omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as the adequacy observed for omega-6 intakes is relatively acceptable. Additional improvement of the dietary intake of FA, vitamin B12 and choline could contribute to the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Redruello-Requejo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana M. Puga
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Bravo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Mar Ruperto
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Paula Rodríguez-Alonso
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), c/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 apta, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-372-47-26
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Something Smells Fishy: How Lipid Mediators Impact the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Neonatal Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010171. [PMID: 36672679 PMCID: PMC9855822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy relies on inflammation for implantation, placentation, and parturition, but uncontrolled inflammation can lead to poor maternal and infant outcomes. Maternal diet is one modifiable factor that can impact inflammation. Omega-3 and -6 fatty acids obtained through the diet are metabolized into bioactive compounds that effect inflammation. Recent evidence has shown that the downstream products of omega-3 and -6 fatty acids may influence physiology during pregnancy. In this review, the current knowledge relating to omega-3 and omega-6 metabolites during pregnancy will be summarized.
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15
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Yin Y, Chen X, Gui Y, Zou J, Wang Q, Qiu L, Fan L, Meng S, Song C. Risk and benefit assessment of potential neurodevelopment effect resulting from consumption of cultured largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89788-89795. [PMID: 35854072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the net effects of dietary consumption on the potential neurodevelopmental effects of largemouth bass (Micropterus Salmoides, simplify as bass) cultured in China, especially when the bait of largemouth bass is changed from iced trash fish to formulated feed. A total of three bait group bass samples were collected from main producing areas during harvest period, including formulated feed group, iced trash fish group, and both group (converting from iced trash fish to formulated feed). Net neurodevelopment value (expressed as intelligence quotient or IQ) was calculated using FAO/WHO deterministic methods and probabilistic assessment model. The results showed net IQ of largemouth bass fed by the three baits groups all showed positive or beneficial neurodevelopmental effects, with the values of 1.55 ± 0.97 (formulated feed group), 3.17 ± 1.76 (iced trash fish group), and 2.65 ± 1.29 (both group) respectively. Bass samples fed with ice trash fish showed the highest neurodevelopmental effect. The present study suggested that more valuable formulated feed should be developed to improve the quality of cultured largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Gui
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products On Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100141, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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16
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Takey M, Giannini DT, Kuschnir MCC. ERICA: prevalence of fish consumption and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and healthy behavior in Brazilian adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:599-606. [PMID: 35381207 PMCID: PMC9617277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of fish consumption and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and healthy behavior in Brazilian adolescents. METHOD The authors investigated data from 71,533 participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA), a nationwide, cross-sectional, school-based study. Of these, 37,815 adolescents were included for blood analyses. All prevalence estimates were presented proportionally with their 95% confidence intervals. Bivariate relationships were evaluated with Pearson's Chi-square test, and a multinomial logistic regression model was applied, considering p < 0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of fish consumption in the 7 days prior to the interview was 28.6% (95%CI 26.9-30.3), significantly higher among male adolescents (p = 0.0049), Asian descendants (p = 0.0270), private and rural school students (p < 0.001), and who resided in the Northern region (p < 0.001). A positive association between fish consumption and healthy behavior (breakfast consumption: OR=1.16; 95%CI 1.10-1.22; meals with family members: lunch: OR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.01-1.13; dinner: OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.04-1.23; physical activity: OR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.02-1.28) and an inverse association with hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.84; 95%CI 0.73-0.98) remained significant even after adjustment for possible confounding factors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that fish consumption was associated with lower cardiovascular risk and may represent a marker of a healthy lifestyle in Brazilian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Takey
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Denise Tavares Giannini
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Caetano Kuschnir
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Taylor VF, Karagas MR. Exposure to arsenolipids and inorganic arsenic from marine-sourced dietary supplements. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133930. [PMID: 35182530 PMCID: PMC9007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements sourced from marine environments, such as fish oils and seaweed-based supplements, are widely consumed to boost nutrient intakes, including by vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. Like other marine foods, these supplements are also a potential source of exposure to arsenic, including the known toxic species, inorganic arsenic, and the cytotoxic, lipid-soluble arsenic compounds, arsenic hydrocarbons. A study of 32 marine-sourced supplements found higher total arsenic concentrations (>1000 ng g-1) in supplements made from seaweed, krill and calanus oil, and in fish and fish liver products marketed as "unprocessed". Inorganic arsenic was only detectable in the seaweed samples, and was elevated (8900 ng g-1) in one product. Arsenic hydrocarbons were not detected in krill oil samples but were present at concentrations from 169 to 2048 ng g-1 in "unprocessed" fish and fish liver oil, and calanus oil. Survey data from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) found 13.5% of pregnant women (n = 1997) reported taking fish oil supplements; and of those, most did so daily (75.6%, 6 or more times per week). Only a small percentage (9%) of those who reported consuming fish oil used products associated with higher arsenic levels. Higher urinary arsenic concentrations were found among women who consumed fish oil compared with those who did not, and specifically higher arsenobetaine and dimethyl arsenic concentrations. Dietary supplements are becoming common components of modern diets, and some marine-sourced dietary supplements are a source of inorganic arsenic and arsenic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien F Taylor
- Department of Earth Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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18
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Fischer P, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, Gonzales I, Conde PA, Galano JM, Durand T, Oger C. Straightforward Syntheses of Phytoprostanes and dihomo‐Phytoprostanes − Non‐enzymatic Metabolites of γ‐Linolenic, dihomo‐γ‐Linolenic and Stearidonic acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fischer
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Alexandre Guy
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Ilyana Gonzales
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Pierre-Alexis Conde
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Synthesis of Bioactive Lipids 1919 route de MendePôle Chimie Balard Recherche 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Bioactive Lipids Synthesis Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
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19
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Lin XL, Baisley J, Bier A, Vora D, Holub B. Transgenic Canola Oil Improved Blood Omega-3 Profiles: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847114. [PMID: 35360684 PMCID: PMC8960439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-ω3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play key roles in physiological functions and disease prevention. The nutrient gap in meeting LC-ω3 intake recommendations in the U.S. and globally can be addressed by alternative sources of LC-ω3. This randomized, placebo-controlled, seamless phase I/II study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a transgenic LC-ω3-rich canola oil in healthy adults. Participants (n = 33/group) were randomized to receive low-, mid-, or high-dose of the LC-ω3-rich oil (providing 285, 570, or 1,140 mg LC-ω3 PUFA, respectively) or placebo (corn oil). After one dose, plasma ω3 (primary outcome) levels were assessed over a 72 h pharmacokinetic period. Whole blood and red blood cells (RBC) ω3 and serum cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed during a 16-week continuation period with daily supplementation. Compared to low-dose and placebo, high-dose group showed greater DHA AUC0−72h and Cmax. A linear response was observed for DHA and EPA AUC0−72h. Compared to placebo, high- and mid-dose groups showed increased whole blood DHA, EPA, α-linolenic acids (ALA) (high-dose only), omega-3 score, and omega-3 index after 4 weeks, and increased DHA and EPA in RBC after 16 weeks (P < 0.05). No changes in cardiovascular biomarkers were seen. Overall, this LC-ω3-rich oil demonstrated good DHA bioavailability and significantly improved short and long-term blood LC-ω3 profiles. Sixteen weeks of daily supplementation of the LC-ω3-rich oil was safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lois Lin
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Baisley
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joshua Baisley
| | - Anthony Bier
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Drasty Vora
- Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Holub
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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20
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Hanson C, Ponce J, Isaak M, Heires A, Nordgren T, Wichman C, Furtado JD, LeVan T, Romberger D. Fatty Acids, Amphiregulin Production, and Lung Function in a Cohort of Midwestern Veterans. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:773835. [PMID: 36188926 PMCID: PMC9397678 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.773835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The relationship between many fatty acids and respiratory outcomes remains unclear, especially with regard to mechanistic actions. Altered regulation of the process of lung repair is a key feature of chronic lung disease and may impact the potential for pulmonary rehabilitation, but underlying mechanisms of lung repair following injury or inflammation are not well-studied. The epidermal growth factor receptor agonist amphiregulin (AREG) has been demonstrated to promote lung repair following occupational dust exposure in animals. Studies suggest the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may enhance the production of AREG. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatty acids and lung function in a population of veterans and determine if fatty acid status is associated with concentrations of AREG. Materials and Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of veterans within the Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System. Whole blood assays were performed to quantify AREG concentrations via a commercially available ELISA kit. Fatty acids from plasma samples from the same patients were measured using gas-liquid chromatography. Intakes of fatty acids were quantified with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine whether plasma fatty acids or intakes of fatty acids predicted lung function or AREG concentrations. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Ninety participants were included in this analysis. In fully adjusted models, plasma fatty acids were associated with AREG production, including the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = 0.33, p = 0.03) and the monounsaturated fatty acid octadecenoic acid: (β = −0.56, p = 0.02). The omega-3 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with lung function (β = 0.28, p = 0.01; β = 26.5, p = 0.05 for FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 % predicted, respectively), as were the omega-6 PUFAs eicosadienoic acid (β = 1.13, p < 0.001; β = 91.2, p = 0.005 for FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 % predicted, respectively) and docosadienoic acid (β = 0.29, p = 0.01 for FEV1/FVC ratio). Plasma monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with lung function. Conclusion Opposing anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of different fatty acids may be associated with lung function in this population, in part by regulating AREG induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Corrine Hanson
| | - Jana Ponce
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mia Isaak
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Art Heires
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tara Nordgren
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chris Wichman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tricia LeVan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Debra Romberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
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21
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Eser B, Dogan I, Kayadibi H. The relationship between cognitive impairment and fatty acids and carnitine in hemodialysis patients. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Ulu A, Velazquez JV, Burr A, Sveiven SN, Yang J, Bravo C, Hammock BD, Nordgren TM. Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785193. [PMID: 35095496 PMCID: PMC8793679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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23
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Crawford SA, Christifano DN, Kerling EH, Gajewski BJ, Valentine CJ, Gustafson KM, Mathis NB, Camargo JT, Gibbs HD, Sullivan DK, Sands SA, Carlson SE. Validation of an abbreviated food frequency questionnaire for estimating DHA intake of pregnant women in the United States. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102398. [PMID: 35063884 PMCID: PMC8825687 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was estimated in pregnant women between 12- and 20-weeks' gestation using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Diet History Questionnaire-II (DHQ-II) and a 7-question screener designed to capture DHA intake (DHA Food Frequency Questionnaire, DHA-FFQ). Results from both methods were compared to red blood cell phospholipid DHA (RBC-DHA) weight percent of total fatty acids. DHA intake from the DHA-FFQ was more highly correlated with RBC-DHA (rs=0.528) than the DHQ-II (rs=0.352). Moreover, the DHA-FFQ allowed us to obtain reliable intake data from 1355 of 1400 participants. The DHQ-II provided reliable intake for only 847 of 1400, because many participants only partially completed it and it was not validated for Hispanic participants. Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic status (SES) were also significant predictors of RBC-DHA. When included with estimated intake from the DHA-FFQ, the model accounted for 36% of the variation in RBC-DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Crawford
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - D N Christifano
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; The University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - E H Kerling
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - B J Gajewski
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - C J Valentine
- Banner University Medical Center, The University of Arizona, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - K M Gustafson
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - N B Mathis
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - J T Camargo
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - H D Gibbs
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - D K Sullivan
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - S A Sands
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - S E Carlson
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS, United States of America.
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24
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Thompson M, Ulu A, Yuil-Valdes AG, Mukherjee M, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Slotkowski R, Lyden E, Anderson Berry A, Hanson CK, Nordgren TM, Natarajan SK. Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins from the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Plasma at Delivery and Their Relationship with Infant Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020708. [PMID: 35054892 PMCID: PMC8775763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman's correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda Thompson
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Ana G. Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Cytotechnology Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Pediatrics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.T.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (R.S.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Corrine K. Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.U.); (T.M.N.)
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-805-7520
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25
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Magoni C, Bertacchi S, Giustra CM, Guzzetti L, Cozza R, Ferrari M, Torelli A, Marieschi M, Porro D, Branduardi P, Labra M. Could microalgae be a strategic choice for responding to the demand for omega-3 fatty acids? A European perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Brandley ET, Kirkland AE, Baron M, Baraniuk JN, Holton KF. The Effect of the Low Glutamate Diet on the Reduction of Psychiatric Symptoms in Veterans With Gulf War Illness: A Pilot Randomized-Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:926688. [PMID: 35795023 PMCID: PMC9251130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effects of the low glutamate diet on anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression in veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI). The low glutamate diet removes dietary excitotoxins and increases consumption of micronutrients which are protective against glutamatergic excitotoxicity. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT#03342482). Forty veterans with GWI completed psychiatric questionnaires at baseline and after 1-month following the low glutamate diet. Participants were then randomized into a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover challenge with monosodium glutamate (MSG; a dietary excitotoxin) vs. placebo over three consecutive days per week, with assessments on day three. Data were analyzed across the full sample and with participants categorized by baseline symptom severity. Pre-post-dietary intervention change scores were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and paired sample t-tests across the full sample, and changes across symptom severity categories were analyzed using ANOVA. Crossover challenge results were analyzed with linear mixed modeling accounting for challenge material (MSG v. placebo), sequence (MSG/placebo v. placebo/MSG), period (challenge week 1 v. week 2), pre-diet baseline symptom severity category (minimal/mild, moderate, or severe), and the challenge material*symptom severity category interaction. A random effect of ID (sequence) was also included. All three measures showed significant improvement after 1 month on the diet, with significant differences between baseline severity categories. Individuals with severe psychological symptoms at baseline showed the most improvement after 1 month on the diet, while those with minimal/mild symptoms showed little to no change. Modeling results from the challenge period demonstrated a significant worsening of anxiety from MSG in only the most severe group, with no significant effects of MSG challenge on depression nor PTSD symptoms. These results suggest that the low glutamate diet may be an effective treatment for depression, anxiety, and PTSD, but that either (a) glutamate is only a direct cause of symptoms in anxiety, or (b) underlying nutrient intake may prevent negative psychiatric effects from glutamate exposure. Future, larger scale clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and to further explore the potential influence of increased micronutrient intake on the improvements observed across anxiety, PTSD, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Brandley
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael Baron
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - James N Baraniuk
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathleen F Holton
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United States.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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27
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Nevins JEH, Donovan SM, Snetselaar L, Dewey KG, Novotny R, Stang J, Taveras EM, Kleinman RE, Bailey RL, Raghavan R, Scinto-Madonich SR, Venkatramanan S, Butera G, Terry N, Altman J, Adler M, Obbagy JE, Stoody EE, de Jesus J. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplements Consumed During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2021; 151:3483-3494. [PMID: 34383914 PMCID: PMC8764572 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation has profound effects on the development and lifelong health of the child. Long-chain PUFAs are particularly important for myelination and the development of vision during the perinatal period. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and/or lactation and neurodevelopment in children, to inform the Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. METHODS We identified articles on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in pregnant and lactating women that included measures of neurodevelopment in their children (0-18 y) by searching PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and CINAHL Plus. After dual screening articles for inclusion, we qualitatively synthesized and graded the strength of evidence using pre-established criteria for assessing risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision, and generalizability. RESULTS We included 33 articles from 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 prospective cohort study. Of the 8 RCTs that delivered omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplements during pregnancy alone (200-2200 mg/d DHA and 0-1100 mg/d EPA for approximately 20 wk), 5 studies reported ≥1 finding that supplementation improved measures of cognitive development in the infant or child by 6%-11% (P < 0.05), but all 8 studies also reported ≥1 nonsignificant (P > 0.05) result. There was inconsistent or insufficient evidence for other outcomes (language, social-emotional, physical, motor, or visual development; academic performance; risks of attention deficit disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, or depression) and for supplementation during lactation or both pregnancy and lactation. Populations with a lower socioeconomic status and adolescents were underrepresented and studies lacked racial and ethnic diversity. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may result in favorable cognitive development in the child. There was insufficient evidence to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on other developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E H Nevins
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI, USA
| | - Jamie Stang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald E Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sara R Scinto-Madonich
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Sudha Venkatramanan
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Gisela Butera
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Jean Altman
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Meghan Adler
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Julie E Obbagy
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Janet de Jesus
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, HHS, United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Ulu A, Burr A, Heires AJ, Pavlik J, Larsen T, Perez PA, Bravo C, DiPatrizio NV, Baack M, Romberger DJ, Nordgren TM. A high docosahexaenoic acid diet alters lung inflammation and recovery following repetitive exposure to aqueous organic dust extracts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108797. [PMID: 34126202 PMCID: PMC8725620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural workers, especially those who work in swine confinement facilities, are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis due to exposures to fumes, vapors, and organic dust. Repetitive exposure to agricultural dust leads to unresolved inflammation, a common underlying mechanism that worsens lung disease. Besides occupational exposure to dusts, diet also significantly contributes to inflammation and disease progression. Since DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid and its bioactive metabolites have key roles in inflammation resolution, we rationalized that individuals chronically exposed to organic dusts can benefit from dietary modifications. Here, we evaluated the role of DHA in modifying airway inflammation in a murine model of repetitive exposure to an aqueous extract of agricultural dust (three-week exposure to swine confinement dust extract, HDE) and after a one-week resolution/recovery period. We found that mice fed a high DHA diet had significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of DHA-derived resolvins and lower TNFα along with altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. Following the one-week recovery we identified significantly reduced BALF cellularity and cytokine/chemokine release along with increased BALF amphiregulin and resolvins in DHA diet-fed versus control diet-fed mice challenged with HDE. We further report observations on the effects of repetitive HDE exposure on lung Ym1+ and Arg-1+ macrophages. Overall, our findings support a protective role for DHA and identify DHA-derived resolvins and endocannabinoids among the potential mediators of DHA in altering airway inflammation in chronic agricultural dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pavlik
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michelle Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Division of Neonatology, University of South Dakota-Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101627. [PMID: 34679761 PMCID: PMC8533147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega−3 (n−3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid are well known to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, consumer interest and demand are rapidly increasing for natural dietary sources of n−3 PUFAs. Among the plant sources, seed oils from chia (Salvia hispanica), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) are now widely considered to increase α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet. Moreover, seed oil of Echium plantagineum, Buglossoides arvensis, and Ribes sp. are widely explored as a source of stearidonic acid (SDA), a more effective source than is ALA for increasing the EPA and DHA status in the body. Further, the oil from microalgae and thraustochytrids can also directly supply EPA and DHA. Thus, these microbial sources are currently used for the commercial production of vegan EPA and DHA. Considering the nutritional and commercial importance of n−3 PUFAs, this review critically discusses the nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids. Moreover, we discuss issues related to oxidative stability and bioavailability of n−3 PUFAs and future prospects in these areas.
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Monnard C, Fleith M. Total Fat and Fatty Acid Intake among 1-7-Year-Old Children from 33 Countries: Comparison with International Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:3547. [PMID: 34684548 PMCID: PMC8537778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews available data on dietary intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in children in different countries worldwide and for the first time, compares them with recent international recommendations. Studies published before June 2021 reporting total fat, total SFA and individual PUFA intakes in children aged 1-7 y were included. Observed intakes were evaluated against FAO/WHO and EFSA recommendations. 65 studies from 33 countries were included. Fat intake was too low in 88% of studies in young children (1-3 y). SFA intake was >10%E in 69-73% of children, especially in Europe. Linoleic acid intake was <3%E in 24% of studies in 1-2 y olds and within FAO/WHO recommendations among all other ages. Alpha-linolenic acid intake was <0.5%E in almost half of studies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid + DHA intakes were below recommendations in most studies. In summary, while total fat intake was too low among younger children, SFA intake was above, especially in Europe and n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA, were below recommendations for all ages. Intake of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, is generally suboptimal. More data, particularly from developing countries, are required to refine these findings and guide implementation of adapted nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona Monnard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Kalache A, Bazinet RP, Carlson S, Evans WJ, Kim CH, Lanham-New S, Visioli F, Griffiths JC. Science-based policy: targeted nutrition for all ages and the role of bioactives. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1-17. [PMID: 34427766 PMCID: PMC8383919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Globally, there has been a marked increase in longevity, but it is also apparent that significant inequalities remain, especially the inequality related to insufficient 'health' to enjoy or at least survive those later years. The major causes include lack of access to proper nutrition and healthcare services, and often the basic information to make the personal decisions related to diet and healthcare options and opportunities. Proper nutrition can be the best predictor of a long healthy life expectancy and, conversely, when inadequate and/or improper a prognosticator of a sharply curtailed expectancy. There is a dichotomy in both developed and developing countries as their populations are experiencing the phenomenon of being 'over fed and under nourished', i.e., caloric/energy excess and lack of essential nutrients, leading to health deficiencies, skyrocketing global obesity rates, excess chronic diseases, and premature mortality. There is need for new and/or innovative approaches to promoting health as individuals' age, and for public health programs to be a proactive blessing and not an archaic status quo 'eat your vegetables' mandate. A framework for progress has been proposed and published by the World Health Organization in their Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health (WHO (2017) Advancing the right to health: the vital role of law. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/252815/9789241511384-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y . Accessed 07 Jun 2021; WHO (2020a) What is Health Promotion. www.who.int/healthpromotion/fact-sheet/en/ . Accessed 07 Jun 2021; WHO (2020b) NCD mortality and morbidity. www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/en/ . Accessed 07 Jun 2021). Couple this WHO mandate with current academic research into the processes of ageing, and the ingredients or regimens that have shown benefit and/or promise of such benefits. Now is the time for public health policy to 'not let the perfect be the enemy of the good,' but to progressively make health-promoting nutrition recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kalache
- International Longevity Centre-Brazil, Rio de Janiero, Brazil
- Age Friendly Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chi Hee Kim
- Global Government Affairs, Herbalife Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
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Santander Ballestín S, Giménez Campos MI, Ballestín Ballestín J, Luesma Bartolomé MJ. Is Supplementation with Micronutrients Still Necessary during Pregnancy? A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3134. [PMID: 34579011 PMCID: PMC8469293 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proper nutrition during pregnancy is important to prevent nutritional imbalances that interfere with pregnancy. Micronutrients play critical roles in embryogenesis, fetal growth, and maternal health, as energy, protein, vitamin, and mineral needs can increase during pregnancy. Increased needs can be met by increasing the intake of dietary micronutrients. Severe micronutrient deficiency or excess during pregnancy can have negative effects on fetal growth (intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, or congenital malformations) and pregnancy development (pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes). We investigate whether it is necessary to continue micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy to improve women's health in this stage and whether this supplementation could prevent and control pathologies associated with pregnancy. AIM The present review aims to summarize evidence on the effects of nutritional deficiencies on maternal and newborn morbidity. METHODS This aim is addressed by critically reviewing results from published studies on supplementation with different nutrients during pregnancy. For this, major scientific databases, scientific texts, and official webpages have been consulted. PubMed searches using the terms "pregnancy" OR "maternal-fetal health" AND "vitamins" OR "minerals" OR "supplementation" AND "requirement" OR "deficiency nutrients" were performed. RESULTS There are accepted interventions during pregnancy, such as folic acid supplementation to prevent congenital neural tube defects, potassium iodide supplementation to correct neurodevelopment, and oral iron supplementation during the second half of pregnancy to reduce the risk of maternal anemia and iron deficiency. A number of micronutrients have also been associated with pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. In general, experimental studies are necessary to demonstrate the benefits of supplementation with different micronutrients and to adjust the recommended daily doses and the recommended periconceptional nutrition for mothers. CONCLUSIONS Presently, there is evidence of the benefits of micronutrient supplementation in perinatal results, but indiscriminate use is discouraged due to the fact that the side effects of excessive doses are not known. Evidence supports the idea that micronutrient deficiencies negatively affect maternal health and the outcome of pregnancy. No single micronutrient is responsible for the adverse effects; thus, supplementing or correcting one deficiency will not be very effective while other deficiencies exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Santander Ballestín
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Luesma Bartolomé
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Crawford C, Boyd C, Deuster PA. Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Optimizing Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:940-958. [PMID: 34370563 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements promoted for brain health and enhanced cognitive performance are widely available. Claims made for these products are directed not only to the elderly wishing to prevent or mitigate cognitive decline, but also young healthy populations looking to boost their cognitive performance. It is unclear whether these claims made on product bottles and through advertising match the science. Objectives: To explore the evidence on the efficacy and safety of single dietary supplement ingredients frequently marketed with claims of enhanced cognitive performance among healthy adults. Design: A systematic review. Results: Nine of 54 dietary supplement ingredients identified through a scoping review met the eligibility criteria with at least 3 published studies identified per ingredient, yielding 69 unique publications. Ingredients evaluated included Bacopa monnieri, choline, creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, tyrosine, and valerian root, all in supplement form and compared with a placebo, at various serving sizes and durations of use. Conclusions: The low level of certainty in the state of the science, coupled with not always knowing what is in a dietary supplement product, make weighing risks and benefits difficult; these data hinder the ability to develop recommendations about using such ingredients for consumers interested in boosting their cognitive performance. Whereas certain trends regarding promising serving sizes or duration for use, are pointed to in this synthesis, when combined, studies are inconsistent and imprecise, and many are methodologically flawed. Potential solutions to address research gaps are offered, for future research next steps, which is needed to strengthen the evidence and inform decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lee SH, Kim YB, Kim DH, Lee DW, Lee HG, Jha R, Lee KW. Dietary soluble flaxseed oils as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101276. [PMID: 34229219 PMCID: PMC8264210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of dietary soluble flaxseed oil (SFO), as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and various indices including laying performance, egg quality, nutrient composition of eggs, egg stability upon storage, and serum characteristics in laying hens. A total of 210 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were assigned to one of 5 experimental diets. A corn-soybean meal-based control diet was mixed without or with SFO to reach the concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% in diets and fed for 4 wk. Dietary SFO did not affect laying performance and egg quality. Increasing dietary SFO linearly increased the pH of yolk at 7, 14, and 28 d following storage at room temperature (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde contents in egg yolks were quadratically increased (P < 0.05) at 0, 7, and 21 d following storage as the inclusion levels of SFO increased in diets. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid, but not α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, was deposited in egg yolks at 2 and 4 wk following the SFO feeding. Finally, dietary SFO did not affect serum parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and nitric oxide. It is concluded that adding SFO into the diets of laying hens can be an efficient strategy to enrich the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Haitnim Bio Inc., Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17346, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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Virani SS, Morris PB, Agarwala A, Ballantyne CM, Birtcher KK, Kris-Etherton PM, Ladden-Stirling AB, Miller M, Orringer CE, Stone NJ. 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:960-993. [PMID: 34332805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rausch JA, Gillespie S, Orchard T, Tan A, McDaniel JC. Secondary data analysis investigating effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin in older adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102302. [PMID: 34077887 PMCID: PMC9022442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels have been linked to progressing systemic inflammation and diseases of aging. Among older adults with obesity and an inflammatory conditions, we quantified effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR). We also examined associations among adipokine and cytokine levels. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, participants (mean age 61.3 ± 2.1) received 1.5 g EPA + 1.0 g DHA (n = 14) or mineral oil (n = 18) daily. Plasma adipokine and cytokine levels were quantified by electrochemiluminescence at all study intervals. RESULTS While no between-group differences were detected, there was a reduction in the LAR (by 23%, p=.065) between weeks 4 and 8 among the EPA+DHA group. Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with IL-1β levels at week 4 (p=.02) and TNF-α levels at week 8 (p=.03). CONCLUSION Potential benefits of EPA+DHA supplementation among aging populations warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rausch
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
| | - S Gillespie
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - T Orchard
- The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - A Tan
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J C McDaniel
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Robinson DT, Van Horn L, Balmert L, Silver RM, Parry S, Haas DM, Wing DA, Grobman WA. Dietary Fat and Fatty Acid Intake in Nulliparous Women: Associations with Preterm Birth and Distinctions by Maternal BMI. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab074. [PMID: 34104849 PMCID: PMC8178106 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence documenting whether diet quality, particularly dietary fatty acids, is associated with preterm birth (PTB) is limited. OBJECTIVE The aim was to measure associations between dietary fatty acid intake prior to pregnancy, specifically n-3 (ɷ-3) PUFAs and odds of PTB in US women and determine if associations differed by prepregnancy BMI. METHODS We designed a secondary analysis of dietary intake in nulliparous women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort (NCT01322529). Participants completed an FFQ, modified to assess detailed PUFA intake, during the 3 mo preceding pregnancy. Inclusion in this analytic cohort required total energy intake within 2 SDs of the group mean. Prepregnancy BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. The primary exposure was estimated intake of EPA and DHA (combined EPA+DHA), in the context of a recommended intake of 250 mg. The primary outcome was PTB (<37 wk). Adjusted regression models controlled for maternal factors relevant to PTB and evaluated associations with PUFAs. Interaction terms estimated effect modification of BMI. A false discovery rate (FDR) correction accounted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Median daily intake of combined EPA+DHA in 7365 women was 70 mg (IQR: 32, 145 mg). A significant interaction term indicated the effects of EPA+DHA on odds of PTB were different for different BMI categories (P < 0.01). Specifically, higher intake of combined EPA+DHA was nominally associated with reduced odds of PTB in women with underweight (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.98) and normal BMI (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.96), yet was associated with increased odds of overweight BMI (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44). Associations remained significant after FDR correction. CONCLUSIONS Based on a cohort of US women designed to identify predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes, dietary intake of combined EPA+DHA was considerably lower than recommended. Associations between intake of these recommended n-3 fatty acids and risk of PTB differ by maternal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Robinson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Balmert
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Silver
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Haas
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - William A Grobman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Marriott BP, Turner TH, Hibbeln JR, Newman JC, Pregulman M, Malek AM, Malcolm RJ, Burbelo GA, Wismann JW. Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Performance among United States (US) Military Officers: The Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid-Bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061854. [PMID: 34072293 PMCID: PMC8228047 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have assessed omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline among older adults and cognitive development among children, although less is known about cognitive or neurological effects among young adults. We examined whether omega-3 supplementation from krill oil could improve cognition and resilience among young military officers compared to a control. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 555 officers (mean age 23.4 ± 2.8, 98.6% male) entering the United States (US) Army Infantry Basic Officer Leaders Course (IBOLC) with the intention to complete the US Ranger Course. Volunteer participants consumed eight dietary supplements daily of krill oil containing 2.3 g omega-3 or control (macadamia nut oil) over an approximate 20-week period. Cognitive functioning, resilience, and mood were assessed during a well-rested period at approximately 14 weeks and after a battlefield simulation at 16 weeks. Blood spot samples were collected to monitor compliance and dietary intake was assessed. All hypotheses were tested using both ‘Intention to Treat’ (ITT) and ‘As Per Protocol’ (APP) approaches. Of the 555 randomized individuals, 245 (44.1%) completed the study. No statistically significant group-by-time interactions indicating treatment effect were found on any outcomes. Poor compliance was indicated by lower than expected omega-3 elevations in the treatment group, and may have contributed to a failure to detect a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette P. Marriott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-696-3208
| | - Travis H. Turner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 301 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Barton Health, 2209 Second Avenue, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150, USA;
| | - Jill C. Newman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Marcie Pregulman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB, HE814, MSC629, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Angela M. Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303C, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Robert J. Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Gregory A. Burbelo
- LTC, Infantry, United States Army, 432 Lee Road.2069, Smiths Station, AL 36877, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W. Wismann
- Major, US Army Battalion Operations Officer, 4-23 Infantry Regiment, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98433, USA;
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Edible Far Eastern Ferns as a Dietary Source of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061220. [PMID: 34071261 PMCID: PMC8228775 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Young fronds of ferns are consumed as a vegetable in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze three fern species that are available for sale in the Russian Far East as dietary sources in terms of fatty acids that are important for human physiology: arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and other valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The content of ARA and EPA was 5.5 and 0.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively, in Pteridium aquilinum, 4.1 and 1.1 in Matteuccia struthiopteris, and 2.2 and 0.8 in Osmundastrum asiaticum. Salted fronds of P. aquilinum contained less these fatty acids than the raw fronds, with a decrease of up to 49% for ARA and 65% for EPA. These losses were less pronounced or even insignificant in dried fronds. Cooked ferns preserved significant portions of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: cooked P. aquilinum contained 4.4 mg/g dry weight ARA and 0.3 mg/g dry weight EPA. The ferns may provide a supplemental dietary source of these valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially for vegetarian diets.
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Murphy RA, Devarshi PP, Ekimura S, Marshall K, Hazels Mitmesser S. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid serum concentrations across life stages in the USA: an analysis of NHANES 2011-2012. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043301. [PMID: 33972333 PMCID: PMC8112395 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine reference ranges of circulating long-chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a nationally representative population of Americans. To provide context, serum concentrations of LC omega-3 were compared with concentrations associated with consuming the recommended amount of EPA and DHA by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and the Omega-3 Index (EPA+DHA). DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 cycle. PARTICIPANTS Participants with fatty acids measured in serum: 945 children, age 3-19 years, and 1316 adults, age 20 and older. MAIN MEASURE Serum EPA, DPA, DHA and sum of LC omega-3 fatty acids expressed as per cent of total fatty acids. RESULTS Among children, mean (SE) serum concentrations of EPA, DHA and omega-3s were 0.28% (0.01), 1.07% (0.02) and 1.75% (0.03). Among adults, mean (SE) of EPA, DHA and omega-3s were 0.61% (0.02), 1.38% (0.05) and 2.43% (0.08), all of which were significantly higher than corresponding serum fatty acid concentrations in children (p<0.001). Despite recommendations for higher intake, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women had mean (SE) EPA, DHA and LC omega-3 concentrations of 0.34% (0.07), 1.52% (0.08) and 2.18% (0.15), which were comparable to women of childbearing age; p=0.17, p=0.10 and p=0.73. Over 95% of children and 68% of adults had LC omega-3 concentrations below those associated with the DGA recommendation. Approximately 89% of adults had an Omega-3 Index in the high cardiovascular risk category. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary reference ranges for circulating LC omega-3s are critical for setting public health recommendations. Our findings show the need for continued emphasis on regular consumption of LC omega-3s among Americans, particularly considering the importance of LC omega-3s in cardiovascular health, brain health and development throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Murphy
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Panjwani AA, Cowan AE, Jun S, Bailey RL. Trends in Nutrient- and Non-Nutrient-Containing Dietary Supplement Use among US Children from 1999 to 2016. J Pediatr 2021; 231:131-140.e2. [PMID: 33340548 PMCID: PMC8005463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize dietary supplement use among US children, including product type, motivations, user characteristics, and trends over time with a primary focus on non-vitamin/non-mineral dietary supplements (NVNM). STUDY DESIGN Overall, NVNM, and vitamin and/or mineral dietary supplement only (VM-only) use; motivations for use; and trends in use over time were examined in children (≤19 years of age) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016 data (n = 42 510). RESULTS Between 1999 and 2016, overall dietary supplement and VM-only dietary supplement use among all children remained relatively stable at ∼30%; yet, NVNM dietary supplement use increased from 2.9% to 6.4%, mainly due to increased use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. NVNM use was greater in boys than in girls (3.9% vs 3.3%), and greater in older children than in younger children (Ptrend < .0001), the opposite of what was observed with VM-only dietary supplement use. Although both user groups shared 2 primary motivations, both motivations were reported by a significantly greater percent of vitamin and/or mineral dietary supplement users vs NVNM users: to maintain health (38.7% vs 23.1%) and to improve health (33.1% vs 22.6%). NVNM users were much more likely to use dietary supplement for relaxation, stress, and sleep; for mental health; and for colon and bowel health. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of any dietary supplement and VM-only dietary supplement use among US children has both remained stable, the prevalence of NVNM use has increased substantially over time. Yet, NVNM use remains relatively low overall. NVNM use exhibited different patterns by sex, age, and motivations when compared with vitamin and/or mineral dietary supplement use. Despite increasing NVNM use, high-quality evidence supporting their use is lacking, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A. Panjwani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Cowan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ren X, Vilhjálmsdóttir BL, Rohde JF, Walker KC, Runstedt SE, Lauritzen L, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development. Front Nutr 2021; 8:625596. [PMID: 33842522 PMCID: PMC8027310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.625596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses >650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3-122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5-10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Christina Walker
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Paediatric and International Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sydney Medical School, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Woodard V, Thoene M, Van Ormer M, Thompson M, Hanson C, Natarajan SK, Mukherjee M, Yuil-Valdes A, Nordgren TM, Ulu A, Harris Jackson K, Anderson-Berry A. Intrauterine Transfer of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Mother-Infant Dyads as Analyzed at Time of Delivery. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030996. [PMID: 33808763 PMCID: PMC8003544 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal development, and intrauterine transfer is the only supply of PUFAs to the fetus. The prevailing theory of gestational nutrient transfer is that certain nutrients (including PUFAs) may have prioritized transport across the placenta. Numerous studies have identified correlations between maternal and infant fatty acid concentrations; however, little is known about what role maternal PUFA status may play in differential intrauterine nutrient transfer. Twenty mother–infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue samples. Plasma concentrations of PUFAs were assessed using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Intrauterine transfer percentages for each fatty acid were calculated as follows: ((cord blood fatty acid level/maternal blood fatty acid level) × 100). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare transfer percentages between maternal fatty acid tertile groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. There were statistically significant differences in intrauterine transfer percentages of arachidonic acid (AA) (64% vs. 65% vs. 45%, p = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (41% vs. 19% vs. 17%, p = 0.03), and total fatty acids (TFA) (27% vs. 26% vs. 20%, p = 0.05) between maternal plasma fatty acid tertiles. Intrauterine transfer percentages of AA, EPA, and TFA were highest in the lowest tertile of respective maternal fatty acid concentration. These findings may indicate that fatty acid transfer to the fetus is prioritized during gestation even during periods of maternal nutritional inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Woodard
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ana Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.M.N.); (A.U.)
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.M.N.); (A.U.)
| | - Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics LLC, 5009 W. 12th St., Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.W.); (M.T.); (M.V.O.); (M.T.); (A.Y.-V.); (A.A.-B.)
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Sugano M, Matsuoka R. Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol. Foods 2021; 10:494. [PMID: 33669005 PMCID: PMC7996514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most current epidemiologic studies indicate no significant association between consuming one egg daily and blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, arguments still persist with a positive association. Since the diet is one of the most influential factors for this association, we illustrate characteristic features in Japanese people whose dietary pattern is distinct from that, for example, the US (United States) population. Available epidemiologic studies in healthy Japanese people show no association between consumption of one egg daily and blood cholesterol level, consistent with those observed in the US population. However, when consumption of major nutrients and food sources of cholesterol are compared to the US population, Japanese people may have an extra-reserve against the influence of eggs on cardiovascular risk markers, despite consuming relatively more eggs. Further discussion on the influence of nutrients contained in the egg and dietary pattern, including interaction with gut microbes, is necessary. In addition, special consideration at the personalized level is needed for judgment regarding dietary cholesterol not only for hypercholesterolemic patients but for hyper-responsive healthy persons. Although randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the association between consumption of eggs and human health, available information, at least from the nutritional viewpoint, suggests that egg is a healthy and cost-efficient food worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Sugano
- Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
- Japan Egg Science Society, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
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Changes in Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acids in German Employees upon Dietary Advice by Corporate Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113267. [PMID: 33113826 PMCID: PMC7693012 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The erythrocyte ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over total fatty acids, the omega-3 index (O3I), has been suggested as an overall health marker and to motivate corporate health recommendations. We set out to assess the O3I status in a working population, the differences between normal and rotating shift employees, the consumption of omega-3 rich food and whether recommendations to increase intake of omega-3 rich foods can improve the O3I. Methods: Employees registered for their occupational health check-up were offered to participate in a pre-post study at the Ludwigshafen (Germany) site including an assessment of their O3I at baseline and after 4 months (follow-up) and two subsequent food frequency questionnaires. For those with O3I below 8%, a recommendation was provided to increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acid rich food and to take advantage of the employees’ catering service with its enhanced fatty seafood offer during the study period. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA, erythrocyte fatty acid profiles, clinical and lifestyle parameters were assessed. Results: In 500 employees (26.6% female, 21–64 years, median age: 47 years [IQR: 37–53]), at baseline the overall mean O3I was 4.1 ± 1.1% (99.6% of O3I assessed were below 8%), higher in women, in participants with “normal” body weight, upper employment grade, and non-smokers, but not different between regular and rotating shift workers. The three fifths of the cohort also participating in the follow-up increased their EPA and DHA intake by 0.1 g/d and their O3I by 0.5 percentage points. Conclusion: This study provides essential data on omega-3 erythrocyte concentrations in a clinically healthy German working population and the challenges of increasing the O3I with dietary recommendations even in study participants motivated to follow up on their omega-3 status.
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Sun L, Li Y, Xie W, Xue X. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and lower risk of preterm delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2294-2303. [PMID: 32942938 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1785423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with lower risk of preterm delivery. METHODS Searching the RCTs which were compared preterm birth between women with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and without before December 2019 on Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane's Library, then performing a meta-analysis. RESULTS 26 trials were identified, included 20124 women. There was almost no association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and lower risk of preterm delivery (risk ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.01, I2 = 9%), gestational duration (0.30, -0.05 to 0.64, I2 = 48%). In subgroup analyses, preterm delivery lower rate occurred in groups with mixed DHA and EPA supplementation not only DHA supplementation groups (P for interaction = 0.02); The dose of equivalent greater than 1 g made a higher reduction in preterm birth significantly. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was not associated with reduced risk of preterm delivery compared with placebo or no treatment during pregnancy. Relationship between Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and other pregnant outcomes need more evidence and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China and China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China and China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China and China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China and China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Beyene HB, Olshansky G, T. Smith AA, Giles C, Huynh K, Cinel M, Mellett NA, Cadby G, Hung J, Hui J, Beilby J, Watts GF, Shaw JS, Moses EK, Magliano DJ, Meikle PJ. High-coverage plasma lipidomics reveals novel sex-specific lipidomic fingerprints of age and BMI: Evidence from two large population cohort studies. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000870. [PMID: 32986697 PMCID: PMC7544135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic diseases show clear sex-related differences. The growing burden of these diseases calls for better understanding of the age- and sex-related metabolic consequences. High-throughput lipidomic analyses of population-based cohorts offer an opportunity to identify disease-risk-associated biomarkers and to improve our understanding of lipid metabolism and biology at a population level. Here, we comprehensively examined the relationship between lipid classes/subclasses and molecular species with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, we evaluated sex specificity in the association of the plasma lipidome with age and BMI. Some 747 targeted lipid measures, representing 706 molecular lipid species across 36 classes/subclasses, were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometer on a total of 10,339 participants from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), with 563 lipid species being validated externally on 4,207 participants of the Busselton Health Study (BHS). Heat maps were constructed to visualise the relative differences in lipidomic profile between men and women. Multivariable linear regression analyses, including sex-interaction terms, were performed to assess the associations of lipid species with cardiometabolic phenotypes. Associations with age and sex were found for 472 (66.9%) and 583 (82.6%) lipid species, respectively. We further demonstrated that age-associated lipidomic fingerprints differed by sex. Specific classes of ether-phospholipids and lysophospholipids (calculated as the sum composition of the species within the class) were inversely associated with age in men only. In analyses with women alone, higher triacylglycerol and lower lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine species were observed among postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. We also identified sex-specific associations of lipid species with obesity. Lysophospholipids were negatively associated with BMI in both sexes (with a larger effect size in men), whilst acylcarnitine species showed opposing associations based on sex (positive association in women and negative association in men). Finally, by utilising specific lipid ratios as a proxy for enzymatic activity, we identified stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD-1), fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3), and plasmanylethanolamine Δ1-desaturase activities, as well as the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, as constituent perturbations of cardiometabolic phenotypes. Our analyses elucidate the effect of age and sex on lipid metabolism by offering a comprehensive view of the lipidomic profiles associated with common cardiometabolic risk factors. These findings have implications for age- and sex-dependent lipid metabolism in health and disease and suggest the need for sex stratification during lipid biomarker discovery, establishing biological reference intervals for assessment of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu B. Beyene
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Cinel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - John Beilby
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Eric K. Moses
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dianna J. Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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48
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Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Leis R, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Valero T, Lara Villoslada F, Martínez de Victoria E, Moreno JM, Ortega RM, Ruiz-López MD, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2467. [PMID: 32824377 PMCID: PMC7468841 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707) who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, toddler's milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) (n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of total fat and different FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products. The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting effective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich foods in this stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - María José Soto-Méndez
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), c/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Pediatric Department, University of Navarra Clinic, Calle Marquesado de Sta. Marta, 1, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.M.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, crta. Boadilla km. 5.3, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.); (Á.G.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II University of Granada, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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49
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Cave C, Hein N, Smith LM, Anderson-Berry A, Richter CK, Bisselou KS, Appiah AK, Kris-Etherton P, Skulas-Ray AC, Thompson M, Nordgren TM, Hanson C, Thoene M. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake by Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2045. [PMID: 32660046 PMCID: PMC7400855 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes (p < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity (p < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the "Other" category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Cave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicholas Hein
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chesney K. Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Karl Stessy Bisselou
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Adams Kusi Appiah
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.H.); (L.M.S.); (K.S.B.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.K.R.); (A.C.S.-R.)
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
| | - Tara M. Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.C.); (A.A.-B.); (M.T.)
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50
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Pregnancy-The Case for a Target Omega-3 Index. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040898. [PMID: 32224878 PMCID: PMC7230742 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific societies recommend increasing intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 200 mg/day during pregnancy. However, individually, clinical events correlate quite strongly with levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in blood, but these levels poorly correlate with amounts ingested. EPA and DHA in erythrocytes (Omega-3 Index) have a low biologic variability. If analyzed with a standardized analytical procedure (HS-Omega-3 Index®), analytical variability is low. Thus, the largest database of any fatty acid analytical method was provided. Pregnant women in Germany had a mean Omega-3 Index below the target range suggested for cardiovascular disease of 8–11%, with large interindividual variation, and quite independent of supplementation with EPA and DHA. In Germany, premature birth is a major health issue. Premature birth and other health issues of pregnant women and their offspring correlate with levels of EPA and DHA in blood and can be reduced by increasing intake of EPA and DHA, according to individual trials and pertinent meta-analyses. Very high intake or levels of EPA and DHA may also produce health issues, like bleeding, prolonged gestation, or even premature birth. While direct evidence remains to be generated, evidence from various scientific approaches supports that the target range for the Omega-3 Index of 8–11% might also pertain to pregnancy and lactation.
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