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So J, Wu D, Tai AK, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Lamon-Fava S. Monocyte transcriptomic profile following EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women with low-grade chronic inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2024; 388:117407. [PMID: 38091778 PMCID: PMC10872449 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicate considerable variability in response to very long chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk. This inconsistency may be due to differential effects of EPA vs DHA and/or sex-specific responses. METHODS Sixteen subjects (eight men and eight women) 50-75 y and with low-grade chronic inflammation participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial comparing 3 g/d EPA, 3 g/d DHA, and placebo (3 g/d high oleic acid sunflower oil). Blood monocytes were isolated at the end of each phase for RNA-sequencing. RESULTS Sex dimorphism in monocyte gene expression was observed, therefore, data for men and women were analyzed separately. 1088 genes were differentially expressed in men and 997 in women (p < 0.05). In both men and women, EPA and DHA repressed genes involved in protein turnover and mitochondrial energy metabolism, relative to placebo. In men only, EPA and DHA upregulated genes related to wound healing and PPARα activation. In women only, EPA and DHA activated genes related to ER stress response. Relative to DHA, EPA resulted in lower expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in men, and lower expression of genes involved in ER stress response in women. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA supplementation elicited both similar and differential effects on monocyte transcriptome, some of which were sex specific. The observed variability in response to EPA and DHA in men and women could in part explain the conflicting results from previous cardiovascular clinical trials using omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun So
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Tan C, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Oilomics: An important branch of foodomics dealing with oil science and technology. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113301. [PMID: 37803609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil is one of three nutritious elements. The application of omics techniques in the field of oil science and technology is attracted increasing attention. Oilomics, which emerged as an important branch of foodomics, has been widely used in various aspects of oil science and technology. However, there are currently no articles systematically reviewing the application of oilomics. This paper aims to provide a critical overview of the advantages and value of oilomics technology compared to traditional techniques in various aspects of oil science and technology, including oil nutrition, oil processing, oil quality, safety, and traceability. Moreover, this article intends to review major issues in oilomics and give a comprehensive, critical overview of the current state of the art, future challenges and trends in oilomics, with a view to promoting the optimal application and development of oilomics technology in oil science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zhor C, Wafaa L, Ghzaiel I, Kessas K, Zarrouk A, Ksila M, Ghrairi T, Latruffe N, Masmoudi-Kouki O, El Midaoui A, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Hammami M, Lizard G, Vejux A, Kharoubi O. Effects of polyphenols and their metabolites on age-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115674. [PMID: 37414102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging contributes to the progressive loss of cellular biological functions and increases the risk of age-related diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, some neurological disorders and cancers are generally classified as age-related diseases that affect the lifespan of individuals. These diseases result from the accumulation of cellular damage and reduced activity of protective stress response pathways, which can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which play a key role in the aging process. There is now increasing interest in the therapeutic effects of edible plants for the prevention of various diseases, including those associated with aging. It has become clear that the beneficial effects of these foods are due, at least in part, to the high concentration of bioactive phenolic compounds with low side effects. Antioxidants are the most abundant, and their high consumption in the Mediterranean diet has been associated with slower ageing in humans. Extensive human dietary intervention studies strongly suggest that polyphenol supplementation protects against the development of degenerative diseases, especially in the elderly. In this review, we present data on the biological effects of plant polyphenols in the context of their relevance to human health, ageing and the prevention of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chouari Zhor
- University Oran 1 ABB: laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences. Oran Algeria.
| | - Lounis Wafaa
- University Oran 1 ABB: laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences. Oran Algeria.
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; University of Monastir: Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; University Tunis-El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Khadidja Kessas
- University Oran 1 ABB: laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences. Oran Algeria.
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- University of Monastir: Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; University of Sousse: Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; University Tunis-El Manar, Loboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMolecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- University Tunis-El Manar, Loboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMolecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- University Tunis-El Manar, Loboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMolecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB-UMR CNRS 6302, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9, avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Anne Vejux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA7270/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Omar Kharoubi
- University Oran 1 ABB: laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences. Oran Algeria.
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Lee HH, Jeong GW, Ye BJ, Yoo EJ, Son KS, Kim DK, Park HK, Kang BH, Lee-Kwon W, Kwon HM, Choi SY. TonEBP in Myeloid Cells Promotes Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Inflammation Through Adipose Tissue Remodeling. Diabetes 2022; 71:2557-2571. [PMID: 36170666 PMCID: PMC9862453 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional plasticity of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) during obesity plays a crucial role in orchestration of adipose and systemic inflammation. Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) (also called NFAT5) is a stress protein that mediates cellular responses to a range of metabolic insults. Here, we show that myeloid cell-specific TonEBP depletion reduced inflammation and insulin resistance in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity but did not affect adiposity. This phenotype was associated with a reduced accumulation and a reduced proinflammatory phenotype of metabolically activated macrophages, decreased expression of inflammatory factors related to insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. TonEBP expression was elevated in the ATMs of obese mice, and Sp1 was identified as a central regulator of TonEBP induction. TonEBP depletion in macrophages decreased induction of insulin resistance-related genes and promoted induction of insulin sensitivity-related genes under obesity-mimicking conditions and thereby improved insulin signaling and glucose uptake in adipocytes. mRNA expression of TonEBP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively correlated with blood glucose levels in mice and humans. These findings suggest that TonEBP in macrophages promotes obesity-associated systemic insulin resistance and inflammation, and downregulation of TonEBP may induce a healthy metabolic state during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Hee Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keoung Sun Son
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Heon Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Soo Youn Choi, , or Hyug Moo Kwon,
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Soo Youn Choi, , or Hyug Moo Kwon,
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Finicelli M, Di Salle A, Galderisi U, Peluso G. The Mediterranean Diet: An Update of the Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142956. [PMID: 35889911 PMCID: PMC9317652 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a term used to identify a dietary pattern originating from the unique multi-millennial interplay between natural food resources and the eating practices of people living in the Mediterranean basin. Scientific evidence has described the healthy properties of the MedDiet and its beneficial role in several pathological conditions. Nevertheless, current socio-economic trends have moved people away from this healthy lifestyle. Thus, clinical and biological evidence supporting the benefits of the MedDiet is needed to overcome these limitations. Clinical nutrition research examines the effects of dietary interventions on biological or health-related outcomes in a determined study population. The evidence produced by these studies is useful for dietary guidance and public health messaging. We provided an update of the clinical trials registered on the database clinicaltrials.gov evaluating the effects of the MedDiet on health and specific diseases. Our findings revealed an increased number of clinical trials in the last decade and found that most disease-related studies focused on cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The majority of MedDiet’s beneficial effects could be primarily related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as well as the effectiveness of this dietary pattern in controlling waist circumference and obesity. Moreover, strict and long-lasting adherence to the MedDiet as well as the beneficial effects of specific components (e.g., olive oil or its polyphenols) seem to emerge as useful insights for interventional improvements. These findings present further insights into the MedDiet’s resources and how it could strengthen overall public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-553 (M.F.); +39-081-6132-280 (G.P.)
| | - Anna Di Salle
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-553 (M.F.); +39-081-6132-280 (G.P.)
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6
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Jaroslawska J, Gospodarska E, Korytko A. Increasing energy expenditure through exercise and low ambient temperature offers oxidative protection to the hypothalamus after high-fat feeding to mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13095. [PMID: 35138671 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of weight loss produced by increased energy expenditure on measures of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have not been investigated in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice. The present study aimed to characterize the effects of either a low housing temperature of 17°C or daily exercise on a treadmill on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced abnormalities in the hypothalamic tissue of mice. Exercise and low ambient temperature protocols were designed to produce energy deficit through increased energy expenditure. Forty mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to one of four conditions: chow diet (n = 10), HFD (n = 10), HFD and 5 weeks of either exercise training (ET; n = 10) or an ambient temperature of 17°C (n = 10). Mice were killed at the age of 31 weeks. In comparison with HFD treatment alone, both interventions reduced body adiposity (14.6% and 27.6% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively). Moreover, exposing obese mice to ET and 17°C restored mitochondrial DNA content (41.3% and 32.6% increase for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively), decreased level of lipid peroxidation as assessed by the detection of 4-hydroxy-nonenal protein adducts (12.8% and 29.4% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively) and normalized the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tnfα: 73.9% and 62%; Il1β: 54.5% and 39.6%; Il6: 33.1% and 35.6% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively), as well as several proteins associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain (OxPhos Complex I: 75.7% and 53.9%; Complex III: 33% and 36%; Complex V: 42% and 36.9% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively) in hypothalamic cells. Negative energy balance induced through either lower ambient temperature or exercise resulted in substantial and similar improvements in markers of inflammation and mitochondrial damage in the hypothalamus of mice with diet-induced obesity, potentially by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaroslawska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Emilia Gospodarska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korytko
- Collegium Medicum, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Larsen SV, Holven KB, Christensen JJ, Flatberg A, Rundblad A, Leder L, Blomhoff R, Telle-Hansen V, Kolehmainen M, Carlberg C, Myhrstad MC, Thoresen M, Ulven SM. Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100633. [PMID: 34708513 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of replacing dietary saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using a whole transcriptome approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (n = 115) are randomly assigned to a control diet (C-diet) group or an experimental diet (Ex-diet) group receiving comparable food items with different fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention is analyzed by microarray technology (n = 95). By use of a linear regression model (n = 92), 14 gene transcripts are differentially altered in the Ex-diet group compared to the C-diet group. These include transcripts related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, low-density lipoprotein receptor folding, and regulation of blood pressure. Furthermore, pathways mainly related to immune response and inflammation, signal transduction, development, and cytoskeleton remodeling, gene expression and protein function, are differentially enriched between the groups. CONCLUSION Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for 8 weeks modulates PBMC gene expression and pathways related to CVD risk in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva V Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari C Myhrstad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Bagyi J, Sripada V, Aidone AM, Lin HY, Ruder EH, Crawford DR. Dietary rational targeting of redox-regulated genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:19-28. [PMID: 34274490 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics is the study of how food and associated nutrients affect gene expression. This field sits at the intersection of diet, the genome and health with the ultimate goal of exploiting its understanding to design a precision nutrition strategy for humans. We have studied diet and nutrigenomics in the context of something we call "dietary rational gene targeting." Here, healthy diet is used to alter disease-causing gene expression back toward the normal to treat various diseases and conditions while lowering treatment cost and toxicity. In this paper, we discuss the use of this strategy to modulate the expression of redox-associated genes to improve human health. Most human disorders are associated, at least to some extent, with oxidative stress and so treatments (including diet) that target redox-related genes have major potential clinical significance. Healthy dietary options here are wide-ranging and include whole foods and botanical-based beverages. In some cases, botanical supplements may also be useful gene modulators although their health benefits are less clear. Key redox gene targets for these dietary agents include antioxidant genes, related transcription factors, detoxification genes, and DNA repair genes. Other important considerations include bioavailability, the contribution of the microbiome, and advancing technologies. In this review, specific examples of redox associated genes and pathologies and their potential treatment with healthy diet are presented to illustrate our approach. This will also serve as a foundation for the design of future clinical studies to improve diet-related health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Bagyi
- Clinical Nutrition, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Veda Sripada
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Andrea M Aidone
- Clinical Nutrition, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - H-Y Lin
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Wan Fang Hospital, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth H Ruder
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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9
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Moreno LG, Evangelista‐Silva PH, Santos EC, Prates RP, Lima AC, Mendes MF, Ottone VO, Ottoni MHF, Pereira WF, Melo GEBA, Esteves EA. Pequi
Oil, a MUFA/Carotenoid‐Rich Oil, Exhibited Protective Effects against DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauane G. Moreno
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Evangelista‐Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Edivânia C. Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Prates
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Artenizia C. Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Mateus F. Mendes
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Vinícius O. Ottone
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. F. Ottoni
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Wagner F. Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Gustavo E. B. A. Melo
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
| | - Elizabethe A. Esteves
- Programa de Pós Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas UFVJM Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Diamantina 39100‐000 Brazil
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10
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Burton-Pimentel KJ, Pimentel G, Hughes M, Michielsen CC, Fatima A, Vionnet N, Afman LA, Roche HM, Brennan L, Ibberson M, Vergères G. Discriminating Dietary Responses by Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Data in Nutrition Intervention Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000647. [PMID: 33325641 PMCID: PMC8221028 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scope Combining different “omics” data types in a single, integrated analysis may better characterize the effects of diet on human health. Methods and results The performance of two data integration tools, similarity network fusion tool (SNFtool) and Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for “Omics” (DIABLO; MixOmics), in discriminating responses to diet and metabolic phenotypes is investigated by combining transcriptomics and metabolomics datasets from three human intervention studies: a postprandial crossover study testing dairy foods (n = 7; study 1), a postprandial challenge study comparing obese and non‐obese subjects (n = 13; study 2); and an 8‐week parallel intervention study that assessed three diets with variable lipid content on fasting parameters (n = 39; study 3). In study 1, combining datasets using SNF or DIABLO significantly improve sample classification. For studies 2 and 3, the value of SNF integration depends on the dietary groups being compared, while DIABLO discriminates samples well but does not perform better than transcriptomic data alone. Conclusion The integration of associated “omics” datasets can help clarify the subtle signals observed in nutritional interventions. The performance of each integration tool is differently influenced by study design, size of the datasets, and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Burton-Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hughes
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Charlotte Cjr Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Attia Fatima
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 C7X2, Ireland.,Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital IT, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, 3003, Switzerland
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11
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Corrêa TAF, Quintanilha BJ, Norde MM, Pinhel MADS, Nonino CB, Rogero MM. Nutritional genomics, inflammation and obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:205-222. [PMID: 32555987 PMCID: PMC10522224 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge - especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the potential application of Nutritional Genomics to modulate obesity-related inflammatory responses. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):205-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalFaculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marina Maintinguer Norde
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
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12
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Balbino KP, Juvanhol LL, Epifânio ADPS, Marota LD, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Dietary intake as a predictor for all-cause mortality in hemodialysis subjects (NUGE-HD study). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226568. [PMID: 31846484 PMCID: PMC6917285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the factors capable of mortality prediction in patients on hemodialysis, using a prospective cohort with three years of follow-up. We hypothesized that lack of clinical-metabolic control, impairment of nutritional status, and inadequate food consumption are risk factors for mortality in this population. This is a longitudinal study on a non-probabilistic sample of 85 adults and elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, aged ≥ 18 years (66.0% male, 61.6±13.7 years). Data on anthropometric, biomarkers, body composition and food intake were obtained. Predictors of mortality were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. During the three years follow-up, 16 patients (18.8%) died. We observed that age (HR = 1.319, CI 95% = 1.131-1.538), calcium-phosphorus product (HR = 1.114, CI 95% = 1.031-1.205), ferritin (HR = 1.001, CI 95% = 1.001-1.002), nitric oxide (HR = 1.082, CI 95% = 1.006-1.164), and vitamin C intake (HR = 1.005, CI 95% = 1.001-1.009) were positively associated with mortality. Serum iron (HR = 0.717, CI 95% = 0.567-0.907), triceps skinfold thickness (HR = 0.704, CI 95% = 0.519-0.954), lean mass (HR = 0.863, CI 95% = 0.787-0.945), and the ratio of dietary monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fat (HR = 0.022, CI 95% = 0.001-0.549) were independent negative predictors of mortality. Our results suggest that dietary intake is also a predictor of mortality in patients on hemodialysis, besides nutritional status, body composition, oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone metabolism, indicating the importance of evaluation of these factors altogether for better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pereira Balbino
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Ulven SM, Holven KB, Rundblad A, Myhrstad MCW, Leder L, Dahlman I, de Mello VD, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Pihlajamäki J, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Kolehmainen M. An Isocaloric Nordic Diet Modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122932. [PMID: 31816875 PMCID: PMC6950764 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELAproto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22840208
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterlemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lena Leder
- Mills AS, Sofienberggt. 19, 0558 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 021100 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
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14
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Gluba-Brzozka A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. Cholesterol Disturbances and the Role of Proper Nutrition in CKD Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2820. [PMID: 31752189 PMCID: PMC6893650 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in the modern society. Lipid disturbances are common in this group of patients. In most patients with CKD atherogenic dyslipidemia is observed. Dyslipidemia in patients with renal diseases increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and it accelerates the progression of chronic kidney disease to its end stage. The amelioration of dyslipidemia and the lowering of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, insulin sensitivity and remnant lipoproteins levels may lead to the reduction in cardiovascular burden. Nutritional interventions can strengthen the beneficial effect of treatment and they play an important role in the preservation of overall well-being of the patients with CKD since the aim of appropriate diet is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, prevent malnutrition, and hamper the progression of kidney disease. The management of dyslipidemia, regardless of the presence of chronic kidney disease, should be initiated by the introduction of therapeutic lifestyle changes. The introduction of diet change was shown to exert beneficial effect on the lipid level lowering that reaches beyond pharmacological therapy. Currently available evidence give the impression that data on dietary interventions in CKD patients is not sufficient to make any clinical practice guidelines and is of low quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Brzozka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (B.F.); (J.R.)
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15
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Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Dahlman I, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Rundblad A, Carlberg C, Olstad OK, Pihlajamäki J, Holven KB, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Ulven SM. Healthy Nordic Diet Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to Mitochondrial Function and Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801405. [PMID: 30964598 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To explore the effect of a healthy Nordic diet on the global transcriptome profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects with metabolic syndrome undergo a 18/24 week randomized intervention study comparing an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet with an average habitual Nordic diet served as control (SYSDIET study). Altogether, 68 participants are included. PBMCs are obtained before and after intervention and total RNA is subjected to global transcriptome analysis. 1302 probe sets are differentially expressed between the diet groups (p-value < 0.05). Twenty-five of these are significantly regulated (FDR q-value < 0.25) and are mainly involved in mitochondrial function, cell growth, and cell adhesion. The list of 1302 regulated probe sets is subjected to functional analyses. Pathways and processes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, immune response, and cell cycle are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. In addition, gene transcripts with common motifs for 42 transcription factors, including NFR1, NFR2, and NF-κB, are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that benefits of a healthy diet may be mediated by improved mitochondrial function and reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC) and University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 61-701, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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16
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van Bussel IPG, Fazelzadeh P, Frost GS, Rundle M, Afman LA. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction. FASEB J 2019; 33:10280-10290. [PMID: 31238007 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900148r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic challenge tests may be a valuable tool to magnify the effects of diet on health. The use of transcriptomics enables a more extensive characterization of the effects of diet. The question remains whether transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests will deliver more information on the effect of diet than a static fasting measurement. A dietary intervention known to improve health is energy restriction (ER). Seventy-two healthy, overweight men and women aged 50-65 were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a mixed-meal test (MMT) before and after 12 wk of a 20% ER diet or control diet. Whole-genome gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed before and after the intervention. This was done during fasting, during the OGTT at 30, 60, and 120 min, and during the MMT at 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Upon ER, the OGTT resulted in a faster and more pronounced down-regulation in gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, and DNA replication compared with the control. The MMT showed less-consistent effects. The OGTT combined with transcriptomics can be used to measure dynamic cellular adaptation upon an intervention that cannot be determined with a static fasting measurement.-Van Bussel, I. P. G., Fazelzadeh, P., Frost, G. S., Rundle, M., Afman, L. A. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge P G van Bussel
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Michielsen CCJR, Hangelbroek RW, Feskens EJM, Afman LA. Disentangling the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids from Other Components of a Mediterranean Diet on Serum Metabolite Profiles: A Randomized Fully Controlled Dietary Intervention in Healthy Subjects at Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801095. [PMID: 30725537 PMCID: PMC6646913 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The Mediterranean (MED) diet has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is unclear whether this health effect can be mainly contributed to high intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), characteristic for the MED diet, or whether other components of a MED diet also play an important role. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized fully controlled parallel trial is performed to examine the effects of the consumption of a saturated fatty acid rich diet, a MUFA-rich diet, or a MED diet for 8 weeks on metabolite profiles, in 47 subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome. A total of 162 serum metabolites are assessed before and after the intervention by using a targeted NMR platform. Fifty-two metabolites are changed during the intervention (false discovery rate [FDR] p < 0.05). Both the MUFA and MED diet decrease exactly the same fractions of LDL, including particle number, lipid, phospholipid, and free cholesterol fraction (FDR p < 0.05). The MED diet additionally decreases the larger subclasses of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), related VLDL fractions, VLDL-triglycerides, and serum-triglycerides (FDR p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings clearly demonstrate that the MUFA component is responsible for reducing LDL subclasses and fractions, and therefore causes an antiatherogenic lipid profile. Interestingly, consumption of the other components in the MED diet show additional health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland W.J. Hangelbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen UniversityWageningenP.O. Box 17, 6700AAThe Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen UniversityWageningenP.O. Box 17, 6700AAThe Netherlands
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen UniversityWageningenP.O. Box 17, 6700AAThe Netherlands
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18
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O'Connor S, Rudkowska I. Dietary Fatty Acids and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Personalized Nutrition Approach. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 87:43-146. [PMID: 30678820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids are present in a wide variety of foods and appear in different forms and lengths. The different fatty acids are known to have various effects on metabolic health. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors of chronic diseases. The etiology of the MetS is represented by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Dietary fatty acids can be important contributors of the evolution or in prevention of the MetS; however, great interindividual variability exists in the response to fatty acids. The identification of genetic variants interacting with fatty acids might explain this heterogeneity in metabolic responses. This chapter reviews the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the different components of the MetS, dietary fatty acids and genes. Challenges surrounding the implementation of personalized nutrition are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Connor
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Yi HS, Chang JY, Shong M. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitohormesis: a perspective on metabolic diseases. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R91-R105. [PMID: 30307158 PMCID: PMC6145237 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform essential roles as crucial organelles for cellular and systemic energy homeostasis, and as signaling hubs, which coordinate nuclear transcriptional responses to the intra- and extra-cellular environment. Complex human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, fatty liver disease and aging-related degenerative diseases are associated with alterations in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) function. However, a recent series of studies in animal models have revealed that an integrated response to tolerable mitochondrial stress appears to render cells less susceptible to subsequent aging processes and metabolic stresses, which is a key feature of mitohormesis. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a central part of the mitohormetic response and is a retrograde signaling pathway, which utilizes the mitochondria-to-nucleus communication network. Our understanding of the UPRmt has contributed to elucidating the role of mitochondria in metabolic adaptation and lifespan regulation. In this review, we discuss and integrate recent data from the literature on the present status of mitochondrial OxPhos function in the development of metabolic diseases, relying on evidence from human and other animal studies, which points to alterations in mitochondrial function as a key factor in the regulation of metabolic diseases and conclude with a discussion on the specific roles of UPRmt and mitohormesis as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Shong:
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20
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Allison KC, Goel N. Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:158-166. [PMID: 29486170 PMCID: PMC6019166 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Timing of eating is recognized as a significant contributor to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal (daytime) to a delayed (evening) lifestyle leads to altered circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. This article reviews current evidence for timed and delayed eating in individuals of normal weight and those with overweight or obesity: although some findings indicate a benefit of eating earlier in the daytime on weight and/or metabolic outcomes, results have not been uniformly consistent, and more rigorous and longer-duration studies are needed. We also review potential circadian mechanisms underlying the metabolic- and weight-related changes resulting from timed and delayed eating. Further identification of such mechanisms using deep phenotyping is required to determine targets for medical interventions for obesity and for prevention of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and to inform clinical guidelines regarding eating schedules for management of weight and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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de Souza RGM, Gomes AC, de Castro IA, Mota JF. A baru almond-enriched diet reduces abdominal adiposity and improves high-density lipoprotein concentrations: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition 2018; 55-56:154-160. [PMID: 30086484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nut consumption is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease. Baru almonds have a high protein content and high quantities of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a baru almond-enriched diet on body composition and markers of lipid metabolism in overweight and obese women. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, 8-wk clinical trial of 46 overweight and obese women was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 normocaloric and isoenergetic diets: baru almond-enriched diet or baru almond-free diet. Both groups received dietary instructions. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids, as well as apolipoproteins, angiopoietin-like-3, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression, were determined at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS The consumption of baru almonds reduced waist circumference (-2.45 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.90 to -0.23; P = 0.03), cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression (-0.23 mcg/mL; 95% CI, -1.24 to-0.08; P = 0.03), and increased high-density lipoprotein concentrations (+4.82 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.03-8.88; P = 0.04) compared with baru almond-free diet. CONCLUSIONS A baru almond-enriched diet for 8-wk reduced abdominal adiposity and improved high-density lipoprotein in overweight and obese women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as RBR-2 wpryx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Inar Alves de Castro
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition, Goiás Federal University, Goiania, GO, Brazil..
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22
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Lopes LL, Rocha DMUP, Silva AD, Peluzio MDCG, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Postprandial Lipid Response to High-Saturated and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals in Normal-Weight or Overweight Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:308-315. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1399835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lílian L. Lopes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Corella D, Coltell O, Macian F, Ordovás JM. Advances in Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Mediterranean Diet Effect. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:227-249. [PMID: 29400994 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032217-020802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, studies showing the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on different diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, some cancers, and even total mortality and aging indicators) are being published. The scientific evidence level for each outcome is variable, and new studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases but also discussing other related diseases. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a critical review of the limitations of the studies undertaken and propose new analyses and greater bioinformatic integration to better understand the most important molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet as a whole, or its main food components, may exercise their protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain; .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Computer Languages and Systems, School of Technology and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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24
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Fazelzadeh P, Hangelbroek RWJ, Joris PJ, Schalkwijk CG, Esser D, Afman L, Hankemeier T, Jacobs DM, Mihaleva VV, Kersten S, van Duynhoven J, Boekschoten MV. Weight loss moderately affects the mixed meal challenge response of the plasma metabolome and transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in abdominally obese subjects. Metabolomics 2018; 14:46. [PMID: 29527144 PMCID: PMC5838115 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The response to dietary challenges has been proposed as a more accurate measure of metabolic health than static measurements performed in the fasted state. This has prompted many groups to explore the potential of dietary challenge tests for assessment of diet and lifestyle induced shifts in metabolic phenotype. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the response to a mixed-meal challenge could provide a readout for a weight loss (WL)-induced phenotype shift in abdominally obese male subjects. The underlying assumption of a mixed meal challenge is that it triggers all aspects of phenotypic flexibility and provokes a more prolonged insulin response, possibly allowing for better differentiation between individuals. METHODS Abdominally obese men (n = 29, BMI = 30.3 ± 2.4 kg/m2) received a mixed-meal challenge prior to and after an 8-week WL or no-WL control intervention. Lean subjects (n = 15, BMI = 23.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2) only received the mixed meal challenge at baseline to have a benchmark for WL-induced phenotype shifts. RESULTS Levels of several plasma metabolites were significantly different between lean and abdominally obese at baseline as well as during postprandial metabolic responses. Genes related to oxidative phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were expressed at higher levels in abdominally obese subjects as compared to lean subjects at fasting, which was partially reverted after WL. The impact of WL on the postprandial response was modest, both at the metabolic and gene expression level in PBMCs. CONCLUSION We conclude that mixed-meal challenges are not necessarily superior to measurements in the fasted state to assess metabolic health. Furthermore, the mechanisms accounting for the observed differences between lean and abdominally obese in the fasted state are different from those underlying the dissimilarity observed during the postprandial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W J Hangelbroek
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Doris M Jacobs
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Velitchka V Mihaleva
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Greater expression of postprandial inflammatory genes in humans after intervention with saturated when compared to unsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2887-2895. [PMID: 29098425 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Fatty acids and fiber intake can selectively alter gene expression by modifying inflammation. PURPOSE We compared the postprandial expression of inflammatory genes after 2 distinct high-fat breakfast meals, before and after 1-month dietary interventions. METHODS This crossover clinical trial included 18 individuals at low-to-moderate cardiometabolic risk participating in evaluations before and after two 4-week breakfast interventions-one rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the other in unsaturated fatty acids (unSFA) and fiber. Participants underwent meal tests with similar compositions to the breakfasts. Variables were compared by Student t test. The expression of inflammatory genes in leukocytes was analyzed using RT-PCR. RESULTS Before and after the intervention with the SFA-enriched breakfast, this meal test induced a higher relative postprandial IL-1β expression compared to the responses to the unSFA and fiber-enriched meal (p = 0.02). On the other hand, following the intervention with the unSFA-fiber-enriched breakfast, postprandial IL-6 expression showed a reduction tendency comparing to the pre-intervention value (p = 0.08). Although fasting IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ expressions had not changed after interventions, their circulating levels increased after the SFA-enriched meal test but not after the unSFA meal (p value between changes < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that a single SFA-enriched meal is able to acutely induce the IL-1β expression and regularly consumed could trigger systemic inflammation, while increased unSFA consumption could attenuate the inflammatory status. Further investigations are needed to deepen understanding how dietary fatty acids and fiber influence cardiometabolic risk profile by modulating inflammatory gene expression and circulating biomarkers. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION This study is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC ID: RBR-98x6b5). Available at: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br .
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Herrera-Marcos LV, Lou-Bonafonte JM, Arnal C, Navarro MA, Osada J. Transcriptomics and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:E472. [PMID: 28486416 PMCID: PMC5452202 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and in decreasing overall mortality. Nowadays, transcriptomics is gaining particular relevance due to the existence of non-coding RNAs capable of regulating many biological processes. The present work describes a systematic review of current evidence supporting the influence of the Mediterranean diet on transcriptomes of different tissues in various experimental models. While information on regulatory RNA is very limited, they seem to contribute to the effect. Special attention has been given to the oily matrix of virgin olive oil. In this regard, monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets prevented the expression of inflammatory genes in different tissues, an action also observed after the administration of olive oil phenolic compounds. Among these, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and secoiridoids have been found to be particularly effective in cell cycle expression. Less explored terpenes, such as oleanolic acid, are important modulators of circadian clock genes. The wide range of studied tissues and organisms indicate that response to these compounds is universal and poses an important level of complexity considering the different genes expressed in each tissue and the number of different tissues in an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímicay Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22002 Huesca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María A Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímicay Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímicay Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Palmer SC, Maggo JK, Campbell KL, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Sutanto B, Ruospo M, Tong A, Strippoli GFM. Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 4:CD011998. [PMID: 28434208 PMCID: PMC6478277 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011998.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary changes are routinely recommended in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the basis of randomised evidence in the general population and non-randomised studies in CKD that suggest certain healthy eating patterns may prevent cardiovascular events and lower mortality. People who have kidney disease have prioritised dietary modifications as an important treatment uncertainty. OBJECTIVES This review evaluated the benefits and harms of dietary interventions among adults with CKD including people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Specialised Register (up to 31 January 2017) through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies contained in the Specialised Register are identified through search strategies specifically designed for CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE; handsearching conference proceedings; and searching the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised RCTs of dietary interventions versus other dietary interventions, lifestyle advice, or standard care assessing mortality, cardiovascular events, health-related quality of life, and biochemical, anthropomorphic, and nutritional outcomes among people with CKD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. Results were summarised as risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes or mean differences (MD) or standardised MD (SMD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) or in descriptive format when meta-analysis was not possible. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 studies involving 1639 people with CKD. Three studies enrolled 341 people treated with dialysis, four studies enrolled 168 kidney transplant recipients, and 10 studies enrolled 1130 people with CKD stages 1 to 5. Eleven studies (900 people) evaluated dietary counselling with or without lifestyle advice and six evaluated dietary patterns (739 people), including one study (191 people) of a carbohydrate-restricted low-iron, polyphenol enriched diet, two studies (181 people) of increased fruit and vegetable intake, two studies (355 people) of a Mediterranean diet and one study (12 people) of a high protein/low carbohydrate diet. Risks of bias in the included studies were generally high or unclear, lowering confidence in the results. Participants were followed up for a median of 12 months (range 1 to 46.8 months).Studies were not designed to examine all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events. In very-low quality evidence, dietary interventions had uncertain effects on all-cause mortality or ESKD. In absolute terms, dietary interventions may prevent one person in every 3000 treated for one year avoiding ESKD, although the certainty in this effect was very low. Across all 17 studies, outcome data for cardiovascular events were sparse. Dietary interventions in low quality evidence were associated with a higher health-related quality of life (2 studies, 119 people: MD in SF-36 score 11.46, 95% CI 7.73 to 15.18; I2 = 0%). Adverse events were generally not reported.Dietary interventions lowered systolic blood pressure (3 studies, 167 people: MD -9.26 mm Hg, 95% CI -13.48 to -5.04; I2 = 80%) and diastolic blood pressure (2 studies, 95 people: MD -8.95, 95% CI -10.69 to -7.21; I2 = 0%) compared to a control diet. Dietary interventions were associated with a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (5 studies, 219 people: SMD 1.08; 95% CI 0.26 to 1.97; I2 = 88%) and serum albumin levels (6 studies, 541 people: MD 0.16 g/dL, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.24; I2 = 26%). A Mediterranean diet lowered serum LDL cholesterol levels (1 study, 40 people: MD -1.00 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.56 to -0.44). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Dietary interventions have uncertain effects on mortality, cardiovascular events and ESKD among people with CKD as these outcomes were rarely measured or reported. Dietary interventions may increase health-related quality of life, eGFR, and serum albumin, and lower blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels.Based on stakeholder prioritisation of dietary research in the setting of CKD and preliminary evidence of beneficial effects on risks factors for clinical outcomes, large-scale pragmatic RCTs to test the effects of dietary interventions on patient outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suetonia C Palmer
- University of Otago ChristchurchDepartment of Medicine2 Riccarton AvePO Box 4345ChristchurchNew Zealand8140
| | - Jasjot K Maggo
- University of Otago ChristchurchDepartment of Medicine2 Riccarton AvePO Box 4345ChristchurchNew Zealand8140
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Bond UniversityFaculty of Health Science and Medicine2 Promenthean WayRobinaQueenslandAustralia4226
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- The University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthEdward Ford Building A27SydneyNSWAustralia2006
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | - David W Johnson
- Princess Alexandra HospitalDepartment of Nephrology199 Ipswich RdWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia4102
| | - Bernadet Sutanto
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCentre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | - Marinella Ruospo
- DiaverumMedical Scientific OfficeLundSweden
- Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern PiedmontDivision of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Translational MedicineVia Solaroli 17NovaraItaly28100
| | - Allison Tong
- The University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthEdward Ford Building A27SydneyNSWAustralia2006
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCentre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | - Giovanni FM Strippoli
- The University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthEdward Ford Building A27SydneyNSWAustralia2006
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
- DiaverumMedical Scientific OfficeLundSweden
- University of BariDepartment of Emergency and Organ TransplantationBariItaly
- Diaverum AcademyBariItaly
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Ameer F, Munir R, Usman H, Rashid R, Shahjahan M, Hasnain S, Zaidi N. Lipid-load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Impact of food-consumption, dietary-macronutrients, extracellular lipid availability and demographic factors. Biochimie 2017; 135:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Caloric dose-responsive genes in blood cells differentiate the metabolic status of obese men. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:156-165. [PMID: 28319853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the postprandial transcriptional response of blood cells to increasing caloric doses of a meal challenge to test whether the dynamic response of the human organism to the ingestion of food is dependent on metabolic health. The randomized crossover study included seven normal weight and seven obese men consuming three doses (500/1000/1500 kcal) of a high-fat meal. The blood cell transcriptome was measured before and 2, 4, and 6 h after meal ingestion (168 samples). We applied univariate and multivariate statistics to investigate differentially expressed genes in both study groups. We identified 624 probe sets that were up- or down-regulated after the caloric challenge in a dose-dependent manner. These transcripts were most responsive to the 1500 kcal challenge in the obese group and were associated with postprandial insulin and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the data revealed a separation of the obese group into individuals whose response was close to the normal weight group and individuals with a transcriptional response indicative of a loss of metabolic flexibility. The molecular signature provided by the postprandial transcriptomic response of blood cells to increasing caloric doses of a high-fat meal challenge may represent a sensitive way to evaluate the qualitative impact of food on human health.
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Rocha DM, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HH. The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:157-168. [PMID: 28076613 PMCID: PMC9977342 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.008607072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diet is an important modifiable factor involved in obesity-induced inflammation. We reviewed clinical trials that assessed the effect of consumption of different fatty acids on the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as cytokines, adipokines, chemokines and transcription factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review study conducted at a research center. METHODS: This was a review on the effect of fat intake on inflammatory gene expression in humans. RESULTS: Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was related to postprandial upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. In addition, acute intake of a high-SFA meal also induced a postprandial pro-inflammatory response for several inflammatory genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both high-MUFA and high-PUFA diets showed anti-inflammatory profiles, or at least a less pronounced pro-inflammatory response than did SFA consumption. However, the results concerning the best substitute for SFAs were divergent because of the large variability in doses of MUFA (20% to 72% of energy intake) and n3 PUFA (0.4 g to 23.7% of energy intake) used in interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of the diet can modulate the genes relating to postprandial and long-term inflammation in PBMCs and adipose tissue. Identifying the optimal fat profile for inflammatory control may be a promising approach for treating chronic diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mayumi Rocha
- RD, MSc. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- RD, MSc, PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Hermsdorff
- RD, MSc, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil
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Keramat L, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Sotoudeh G, Zamani E, Eshraghian M, Mansoori A, Koohdani F. Apolipoprotein A2 -265 T>C polymorphism interacts with dietary fatty acids intake to modulate inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutrition 2016; 37:86-91. [PMID: 28359369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several investigations have been conducted regarding the interaction between Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) -265 T>C polymorphism and dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on obesity in healthy individuals or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) patients. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of this interaction on inflammatory markers in T2 DM patients. METHODS This is a comparative cross-sectional study on 180 T2 DM patients with known APOA2 genotype. Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire and serum levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-18, pentraxin 3, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were measured. The subjects were dichotomized into "high" and "low" categories, based on the median dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and SFAs. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance multivariate interaction model. RESULTS In CC genotype, higher median intake of ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs was associated with decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hs-CRP (P = 0.014 and 0.008, respectively). In T-allele carriers, higher median intake of SFAs was associated with increased serum hs-CRP level (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between APOA2 polymorphism and ω-3 PUFA intake on serum IL-18 level (P interaction = 0.03). Moreover, the relationship between this polymorphism and SFA and MUFA intake on serum hs-CRP level was statistically significant (P interaction = 0.03 and 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In T2 DM patients, the dietary intake of antiinflammatory fatty acids, such as ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs, could reduce the inflammatory effects associated with the CC genotype. In addition, proinflammatory fatty acids, such as SFAs, could overcome the antiinflammatory effect of the T-allele. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
AbstractPlasma apoB is a more accurate marker of the risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) than LDL-cholesterol; however, nutritional reviews targeting apoB are scarce. Here we reviewed eighty-seven nutritional studies and present conclusions in order of strength of evidence. Plasma apoB was reduced in all studies that induced weight loss of 6–12 % using hypoenergetic diets (seven studies; 5440–7110 kJ/d; 1300–1700 kcal/d; 34–50 % carbohydrates; 27–39 % fat; 18–24 % protein). When macronutrients were compared in isoenergetic diets (eleven studies including eight randomised controlled trials (RCT); n 1189), the diets that reduced plasma apoB were composed of 26–51 % carbohydrates, 26–46 % fat, 11–32 % protein, 10–27 % MUFA, 5–14 % PUFA and 7–13 % SFA. Replacement of carbohydrate by MUFA, not SFA, decreased plasma apoB. Moreover, dietary enriching with n-3 fatty acids (FA) (from fish: 1·1–1·7 g/d or supplementation: 3·2–3·4 g/d EPA/DHA or 4 g/d EPA), psyllium (about 8–20 g/d), phytosterols (about 2–4 g/d) or nuts (30–75 g/d) also decreased plasma apoB, mostly in hyperlipidaemic subjects. While high intake of trans-FA (4·3–9·1 %) increased plasma apoB, it is unlikely that these amounts represent usual consumption. Inconsistent data existed on the effect of soya proteins (25–30 g/d), while the positive association of alcohol consumption with low plasma apoB was reported in cross-sectional studies only. Five isoenergetic studies using Mediterranean diets (including two RCT; 823 subjects) reported a decrease of plasma apoB, while weaker evidence existed for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), vegetarian, Nordic and Palaeolithic diets. We recommend using a Mediterranean dietary pattern, which also encompasses the dietary components reported to reduce plasma apoB, to target hyperapoB and reduce the risks of CVD and T2D.
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Myhrstad MCW, Ottestad I, Günther CC, Ryeng E, Holden M, Nilsson A, Brønner KW, Kohler A, Borge GIA, Holven KB, Ulven SM. The PBMC transcriptome profile after intake of oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: an explorative study in healthy subjects. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:16. [PMID: 27551317 PMCID: PMC4968435 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3). METHODS In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. RESULTS No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group. CONCLUSION The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01034423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Ryeng
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsti W Brønner
- TINE SA, Centre for Research and Development, P.O. Box 7, Kalbakken, 0902 Oslo, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway ; Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Grethe I A Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Leder L, Kolehmainen M, Narverud I, Dahlman I, Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Paananen J, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thoresen M, Arner P, Poutanen KS, Uusitupa M, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:3. [PMID: 27482295 PMCID: PMC4959556 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diet has a great impact on the risk of developing features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated whether a long-term healthy Nordic diet (ND) can modify the expression of inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with MetS. Methods A Nordic multicenter randomized dietary study included subjects (n = 213) with MetS, randomized to a ND group or a control diet (CD) group applying an isocaloric study protocol. In this sub-study, we included subjects (n = 89) from three Nordic centers: Kuopio (n = 26), Lund (n = 30), and Oulu (n = 33) with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration ≤10 mg L−1, and baseline body mass index <39 kg m−2. PBMCs were isolated, and the mRNA gene expression analysis was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We analyzed the mRNA expression changes of 44 genes before and after a 2hOGTT at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results The healthy ND significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 (IL18), and thrombospondin receptor (CD36) mRNA transcripts and significantly up-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) mRNA transcript after the 2hOGTT compared to the CD. Conclusions A healthy ND is able to modify the gene expression in PBMCs after a 2hOGTT. However, more studies are needed to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Leder
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Lopes LL, Peluzio MDCG, Hermsdorff HHM. Ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e metabolismo lipídico. J Vasc Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Esta revisão teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir os achados mais recentes do efeito dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI) sobre marcadores plasmáticos do metabolismo lipídico em estudos pós-prandiais e de intervenção clínica nutricional. Realizou-se busca em diferentes bases de dados entre 2010 e 2014, usando os seguintes termos de indexação: MUFA, Lipemia, Lipid Metabolism, Triglycerides e Postprandial. O consumo de refeição com alto conteúdo de AGMI tem demonstrado efeito benéfico na resposta lipidêmica pós-prandial, mas se essa resposta pode ser alterada em indivíduos com excesso de peso e/ou outras doenças crônicas após consumo de AGMI, ainda não está totalmente elucidado. De modo geral, após a intervenção com AGMI, os fatores de risco cardiovascular diminuíram, além de haver melhora no perfil lipídico. Em conclusão, os estudos recentes têm demonstrado um efeito benéfico do consumo de AGMI em curto e longo prazos, mediante aumento/manutenção das concentrações de HDL colesterol e diminuição do LDL colesterol.
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Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E. Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles in Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies: What Do They Tell? Curr Nutr Rep 2015; 4:377-386. [PMID: 26568898 PMCID: PMC4639574 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In nutrigenomics, gene expression profiling is used to investigate transcriptional mechanisms associated with nutrients and diet. Blood samples collected in the framework of dietary interventions and epidemiological studies allow the use of humans as the model system, as opposed to using cell lines or animal models. Here, we review recent publications in the field of gene expression profiling, based on a systematic literature search focusing on studies from the last 5 years and including studies that investigated either single nutrients, foods, food groups, or dietary patterns. Findings highlight the role of inflammatory processes as key mediators of the association between diet and disease and point to the relevance of using blood as the target tissue in nutrigenomics. However, recurring challenges include study design issues, practical and statistical challenges, and biological interpretation of the results. Many of the published studies have small sample size, and given the nature of gene expression data, their conclusions have limited impact. These challenges should be addressed by future nutrigenomics studies in order to increase their relevance and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Matone A, O'Grada CM, Dillon ET, Morris C, Ryan MF, Walsh M, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Gibney MJ, Morine MJ, Roche HM. Body mass index mediates inflammatory response to acute dietary challenges. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2279-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
| | - Colm M. O'Grada
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eugene T. Dillon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara Morris
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Marianne Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Melissa J. Morine
- The Microsoft Research; University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI); Rovereto Italy
- Department of Mathematics; University of Trento; Trento Italy
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; School of Public Health and Population Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
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Díaz-Rúa R, Keijer J, Caimari A, van Schothorst EM, Palou A, Oliver P. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source to detect markers of homeostatic alterations caused by the intake of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient composition. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:398-407. [PMID: 25660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are accessible in humans, and their gene expression pattern was shown to reflect overall physiological response of the body to a specific stimulus, such as diet. We aimed to study the impact of sustained intake (4months) of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient proportion (rich in fat or protein) administered isocalorically to a balanced control diet, as physiological stressors on PBMC whole-genome gene expression in rats, to better understand the effects of these diets on metabolism and health and to identify biomarkers of nutritional imbalance. Dietary macronutrient composition (mainly increased protein content) altered PBMC gene expression, with genes involved in immune response being the most affected. Intake of a high-fat (HF) diet decreased the expression of genes related to antigen recognition/presentation, whereas the high-protein (HP) diet increased the expression of these genes and of genes involved in cytokine signaling and immune system maturation/activation. Key energy homeostasis genes (mainly related to lipid metabolism) were also affected, reflecting an adaptive response to the diets. Moreover, HF diet feeding impaired expression of genes involved in redox balance regulation. Finally, we identified a common gene expression signature of 7 genes whose expression changed in the same direction in response to the intake of both diets. These genes, individually or together, constitute a potential risk marker of diet macronutrient imbalance. In conclusion, we newly show that gene expression analysis in PBMCs allows for detection of diet-induced physiological deviations that distinguish from a diet with a proper and equilibrated macronutrient composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Díaz-Rúa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Murphy AM, Lyons CL, Finucane OM, Roche HM. Interactions between differential fatty acids and inflammatory stressors-impact on metabolic health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:49-55. [PMID: 24947613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current interest in obesity has established a clear link between diets high in fat and metabolic complications such as Type 2 Diabetes. Dietary fats and their metabolites act as stressors to induce a pro-inflammatory immune response which dysregulates many essential metabolic functions. Recent research suggests that different dietary fats may have varying inflammatory potentials. However the molecular mechanisms involved in the cross talk between dietary fat composition and the 'immuno-metabolism' remain enigmatic. It is probable that lipids, and their derivatives, differentially regulate IL-1β activation and inflammatory signaling via the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Also from the translational perspective, certain nutrient sensitive genotypes and potential gene nutrient interactions offer the possibility to reduce inflammation through personalized nutrition approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Murphy
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire L Lyons
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Orla M Finucane
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute & UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland..
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The intake of a high-fat diet and grape seed procyanidins induces gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hamsters: capturing alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolisms. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 10:438. [PMID: 25403094 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that hamsters that were fed either a standard diet (STD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) showed decreased adiposity and circulating levels of free fatty acids compared with hamsters treated with a vehicle (Caimari et al. in Int J Obes 37:576-83, 2013, doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.75 ). Here, we tested whether the gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can reflect these metabolic effects and the dyslipidaemia produced by the HFD feeding in the same cohort of animals. The mRNA levels of a subset of genes were also studied in the liver in order to evaluate the capacity of PBMCs to reflect the metabolic adaptations that occur in this organ. In PBMCs, we reported a simultaneous up-regulation of the lipid-related genes involved in both the anabolic (pparγ, acc1 and gpat) and the catabolic (pparα, ucp2, atgl and hsl) pathways in response to the GSPE treatment, similar but no identical to previous observations in retroperitoneal white adipose tissues of these animals. Furthermore, the key cholesterol metabolism genes srebp2 and ldlr were significantly down-regulated in PBMCs of both HFD-fed groups compared with the STD groups. Although the expression of srebp2 in the liver followed a similar pattern to that obtained in PBMCs, no comparable changes were found between the liver and PBMCs in the expression of most of the studied genes. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of PBMCs as a high accessible tissue for the indirect study of cholesterol and adipose tissue metabolism dynamics.
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Metabolic profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: influence of vitamin d status and gender. Metabolites 2014; 4:248-59. [PMID: 24957025 PMCID: PMC4101505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could serve as a less invasive and more direct alternative to tissue biopsies or serum in metabolomic research. We conducted two exploratory independent studies in order to characterise PBMC’s metabolomic profile following short-term vitamin D3 supplementation and to determine gender effects. In the first study, eight healthy males and females aged 40–65 y were randomly selected for profiling of PBMCs after receiving either 15 µg of vitamin D3 or placebo for four weeks. In the second study, twenty younger healthy males and females were studied. Cell metabolites were extracted and deproteinised using methanol/chloroform/water method and analysed by GC-MS. Higher vitamin D status had no effect on the fatty acid profile of PBMCs, but inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines correlated positively with stearic acid levels. In the second study, no gender-specific metabolites were identified. Valine, leucine and aspartic acid were identified as potential BMI-sensitive amino acids. Larger studies are needed to confirm the influence of BMI on these parameters. This work clearly demonstrates the utility of metabolomics profiling of PBMCs and paves the way for future applications of metabolomics in identifying metabolic profiles of blood cells as a measure for dietary intakes or physiological status.
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Corella D, Ordovás JM. How does the Mediterranean diet promote cardiovascular health? Current progress toward molecular mechanisms: gene-diet interactions at the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic levels provide novel insights into new mechanisms. Bioessays 2014; 36:526-37. [PMID: 24706458 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports a health-promoting effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), especially in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. These cardiovascular benefits have been attributed to a number of components of the MedDiet such as monounsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins and phytochemicals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Likewise, little is known about the genes that define inter-individual variation in response to the MedDiet, although the TCF7L2 gene is emerging as an illustrative candidate for determining relative risk of cardiovascular events in response to the MedDiet. Moreover, omics technologies are providing evidence supporting potential mechanisms, some of them implicating epigenetics (i.e. microRNAs, methylation), and certain data suggest that some traditional foods could contribute via microRNAs possibly acting as exogenous regulators of gene expression. Future research should aim at increasing and consolidating the nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic knowledge of the MedDiet in order to provide sound, personalized and optimized nutritional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Jungmann PM, Kraus MS, Alizai H, Nardo L, Baum T, Nevitt MC, McCulloch CE, Joseph GB, Lynch JA, Link TM. Association of metabolic risk factors with cartilage degradation assessed by T2 relaxation time at the knee: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 65:1942-50. [PMID: 23926027 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of metabolic risk factors with severity and 2-year progression of early degenerative cartilage changes at the knee, measured with T2 relaxation times in middle-aged subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. METHODS Cartilage segmentation and T2 map generation were performed in knee 3T magnetic resonance images from 403 subjects ages 45-60 years without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). The influence of risk factors on baseline T2 and longitudinal progression of T2 was analyzed using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and other OA risk factors. RESULTS Four metabolic risk factors, i.e., high abdominal circumference (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.041), high fat consumption (P = 0.023), and self-reported diabetes mellitus (P = 0.010), were individually associated with higher baseline T2. When the 4 metabolic risk factors were considered in a multivariate regression model, higher T2 remained significantly associated with abdominal circumference (P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.026), and there was a trend for high fat consumption (P = 0.096). For the individual risk factors, only diabetes mellitus remained associated with higher baseline T2 after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). After adjustment for BMI, baseline T2 increased in a dose-response manner with the number of metabolic risk factors present (P = 0.032 for linear trend), and subjects with ≥3 metabolic factors (versus <3) had significantly higher baseline T2 (mean difference 1.2 msec [95% confidence interval 0.3, 2.1]; P = 0.011). Metabolic risk factors were not significantly associated with increases in T2 during followup. CONCLUSION Metabolic risk factors are associated with higher T2, suggesting that increased cartilage degeneration may be caused by modifiable metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Jungmann
- University of California, San Francisco; Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Afman L, Milenkovic D, Roche HM. Nutritional aspects of metabolic inflammation in relation to health--insights from transcriptomic biomarkers in PBMC of fatty acids and polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1708-20. [PMID: 24449395 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted potential important interaction between metabolism and inflammation, within the context of metabolic health and nutrition, with a view to preventing diet-related disease. In addition to this, there is a paucity of evidence in relation to accurate biomarkers that are capable of reflecting this important biological interplay or relationship between metabolism and inflammation, particularly in relation to diet and health. Therefore the objective of this review is to highlight the potential role of transcriptomic approaches as a tool to capture the mechanistic basis of metabolic inflammation. Within this context, this review has focused on the potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells transcriptomic biomarkers, because they are an accessible tissue that may reflect metabolism and subacute chronic inflammation. Also these pathways are often dysregulated in the common diet-related diseases obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, thus may be used as markers of systemic health. The review focuses on fatty acids and polyphenols, two classes of nutrients/nonnutrient food components that modulate metabolism/inflammation, which we have used as an example of a proof-of-concept with a view to understanding the extent to which transcriptomic biomarkers are related to nutritional status and/or sensitive to dietary interventions. We show that both nutritional components modulate inflammatory markers at the transcriptomic level with the capability of profiling pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in a bidirectional fashion; to this end transcriptomic biomarkers may have potential within the context of metabolic inflammation. This transcriptomic biomarker approach may be a sensitive indicator of nutritional status and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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Wild CP, Scalbert A, Herceg Z. Measuring the exposome: a powerful basis for evaluating environmental exposures and cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:480-99. [PMID: 23681765 DOI: 10.1002/em.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in laboratory sciences offer much in the challenge to unravel the complex etiology of cancer and to therefore provide an evidence-base for prevention. One area where improved measurements are particularly important to epidemiology is exposure assessment; this requirement has been highlighted through the concept of the exposome. In addition, the ability to observe genetic and epigenetic alterations in individuals exposed to putative risk factors also affords an opportunity to elucidate underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis, which in turn may allow earlier detection and more refined molecular classification of disease. In this context the application of omics technologies to large population-based studies and their associated biobanks raise exciting new avenues of research. This review considers the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and metabolomics and the evidence to date that people exposed to well-defined factors (for example, tobacco, diet, occupational exposures, environmental pollutants) have specific omics profiles. Although in their early stages of development these approaches show promising evidence of distinct exposure-derived biological effects and indicate molecular pathways that may be particularly relevant to the carcinogenic process subsequent to environmental and lifestyle exposures. Such an interdisciplinary approach is vital if the full benefits of advances in laboratory sciences and investments in large-scale prospective cohort studies are to be realized in relation to cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Wild
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France.
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Marks KA, Kitson AP, Shaw B, Mutch DM, Stark KD. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, elongase 6 and their fatty acid products and precursors are altered in ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol and progesterone treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:89-96. [PMID: 23777599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels suggest ovarian hormones may affect MUFA biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks of age) were ovariectomized or sham operated with ovariectomized rats implanted with a constant-release hormone pellet providing 17β-estradiol, progesterone, both or neither at 10 weeks of age. After 14 days, rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed to collect plasma and livers for analysis. Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) expression was unchanged between ovariectomized and sham controls, as determined by microarray and immunoblotting. However, SCD1 protein was increased in rats treated with estradiol plus progesterone. Elongase 6 protein levels were increased with 17β-estradiol treatment compared with sham. Rats treated with 17β-estradiol and 17β-estradiol plus progesterone had increased 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 in hepatic and plasma phospholipids. Ovarian hormones appear to be involved with MUFA biosynthesis, but the relationship appears complex and involves elongase 6 and SCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Marks
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss recent studies reporting on the influence of fatty acids on gene expression in relation to inflammation and immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS Saturated fatty acids promote, whereas several n-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, some isomers of conjugated linoleic acid, and punicic acid suppress, expression of inflammatory genes. The most common targets of fatty acids are genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinases. The anti-inflammatory actions of fatty acids often involve inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-κB and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. Common upstream events include actions on Toll-like receptors and via G-protein coupled receptors. Fatty acids can influence expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory cell development and differentiation. Recent studies using genome-wide analyses demonstrate that dietary fatty acids can alter expression of a large number (many hundreds) of genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SUMMARY A wide range of fatty acids alter expression of genes involved in development, differentiation, and function of cells involved in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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van der Velpen V, Geelen A, Schouten EG, Hollman PC, Afman LA, van 't Veer P. Estrogen receptor-mediated effects of isoflavone supplementation were not observed in whole-genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in postmenopausal, equol-producing women. J Nutr 2013; 143:774-80. [PMID: 23616509 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are suggested to have benefits as well as risks for human health. Approximately one-third of the Western population is able to metabolize daidzein into the more potent metabolite equol. Having little endogenous estradiol, equol-producing postmenopausal women who use isoflavone supplements to relieve their menopausal symptoms could potentially be at high risk of adverse effects of isoflavone supplementation. The current trial aimed to study the effects of intake of an isoflavone supplement rich in daidzein compared with placebo on whole-genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in equol-producing, postmenopausal women. Thirty participants received an isoflavone supplement or a placebo for 8 wk each in a double-blind, randomized cross-over design. The isoflavone supplement was rich in daidzein (60%) and provided 94 mg isoflavones (aglycone equivalents) daily. Gene expression in PBMCs was significantly changed (P < 0.05) in 357 genes after the isoflavone intervention compared with placebo. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed downregulated clusters of gene sets involved in inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes and gene sets related to ER signaling were not significantly altered, which may be explained by the low ERα and ERβ expression in PBMCs. The observed downregulated gene sets point toward potential beneficial effects of isoflavone supplementation with respect to prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, whether ER-related effects of isoflavones are beneficial or harmful should be studied in tissues that express ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10497-538. [PMID: 23698776 PMCID: PMC3676851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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