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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Pimentel Vera LN, Arozqueta Basurto J, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5654. [PMID: 38969669 PMCID: PMC11226701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system (CNS) through transplant-derived microglia-like cells. However, current conditioning approaches result in low and slow engraftment of transplanted cells in the CNS. Here we optimized a brain conditioning regimen that leads to rapid, robust, and persistent microglia replacement without adverse effects on neurobehavior or hematopoiesis. This regimen combines busulfan myeloablation and six days of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397. Single-cell analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity of microglia-like cells with most cells expressing genes characteristic of homeostatic microglia, brain-border-associated macrophages, and unique markers. Cytokine analysis in the CNS showed transient inductions of myeloproliferative and chemoattractant cytokines that help repopulate the microglia niche. Bone marrow transplant of progranulin-deficient mice conditioned with busulfan and PLX3397 restored progranulin in the brain and eyes and normalized brain lipofuscin storage, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. This study advances our understanding of CNS repopulation by hematopoietic-derived cells and demonstrates its therapeutic potential for treating progranulin-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Anay Limaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Kara L Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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2
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Orsenigo F, Stewart A, Hammer CP, Clarke E, Simpkin D, Attia H, Rockall T, Gordon S, Martinez FO. Unifying considerations and evidence of macrophage activation mosaicism through human CSF1R and M1/M2 genes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114352. [PMID: 38870011 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and macrophage M1/M2 activation is important in diagnosing hematological disorders and inflammatory pathologies and designing therapeutic tools. CSF1R is a reliable marker to identify all circulating MPS cells and tissue macrophages in humans using a single surface protein. CSF1R permits the quantification and isolation of monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subsets in conjunction with CD14, CD16, and CD1c and is stable across the lifespan and sexes in the absence of overt pathology. Beyond cell detection, measuring M1/M2 activation in humans poses challenges due to response heterogeneity, transient signaling, and multiple regulation steps for transcripts and proteins. MPS cells respond in a conserved manner to M1/M2 pathways such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), steroids, interferon-γ (IFNγ), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), for which we propose an ad hoc modular gene expression tool. Signature analysis highlights macrophage activation mosaicism in experimental samples, an emerging concept that points to mixed macrophage activation states in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Orsenigo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK
| | - Alexander Stewart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK; Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, APHA-Weybridge, KT15 3NB Addlestone, UK
| | - Clare P Hammer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, GU2 7XX Guildford, UK
| | - Emma Clarke
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, GU2 7XX Guildford, UK
| | - Daniel Simpkin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK
| | - Hossameldin Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK; Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, GU2 7XX Guildford, UK
| | - Timothy Rockall
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, GU2 7XX Guildford, UK
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, OX13RE Oxford, UK
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, UK.
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3
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Wang M, Caryotakis SE, Smith GG, Nguyen AV, Pleasure DE, Soulika AM. CSF1R antagonism results in increased supraspinal infiltration in EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:103. [PMID: 38643194 PMCID: PMC11031888 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the maintenance and function of various myeloid subsets. CSF1R antagonism was previously shown to mitigate clinical severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The associated mechanisms are still not well delineated. METHODS To assess the effect of CSF1R signaling, we employed the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622 formulated in chow (PLX5622 diet, PD) and its control chow (control diet, CD). We examined the effect of PD in steady state and EAE by analyzing cells isolated from peripheral immune organs and from the CNS via flow cytometry. We determined CNS infiltration sites and assessed the extent of demyelination using immunohistochemistry of cerebella and spinal cords. Transcripts of genes associated with neuroinflammation were also analyzed in these tissues. RESULTS In addition to microglial depletion, PD treatment reduced dendritic cells and macrophages in peripheral immune organs, both during steady state and during EAE. Furthermore, CSF1R antagonism modulated numbers and relative frequencies of T effector cells both in the periphery and in the CNS during the early stages of the disease. Classical neurological symptoms were milder in PD compared to CD mice. Interestingly, a subset of PD mice developed atypical EAE symptoms. Unlike previous studies, we observed that the CNS of PD mice was infiltrated by increased numbers of peripheral immune cells compared to that of CD mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CNS infiltrates in PD mice were mainly localized in the cerebellum while in CD mice infiltrates were primarily localized in the spinal cords during the onset of neurological deficits. Accordingly, during the same timepoint, cerebella of PD but not of CD mice had extensive demyelinating lesions, while spinal cords of CD but not of PD mice were heavily demyelinated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CSF1R activity modulates the cellular composition of immune cells both in the periphery and within the CNS, and affects lesion localization during the early EAE stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glendalyn G Smith
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alan V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Sutro Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David E Pleasure
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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4
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You Y, Chen Z, Hu WW. The role of microglia heterogeneity in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders: Will sequencing shed light on the discovery of new therapeutic targets? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108606. [PMID: 38346477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in interacting with neuronal synapses and modulating synaptic plasticity. This function is particularly significant during postnatal development, as microglia are responsible for removing excessive synapses to prevent neurodevelopmental deficits. Dysregulation of microglial synaptic function has been well-documented in various pathological conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The recent application of RNA sequencing has provided a powerful and unbiased means to decipher spatial and temporal microglial heterogeneity. By identifying microglia with varying gene expression profiles, researchers have defined multiple subgroups of microglia associated with specific pathological states, including disease-associated microglia, interferon-responsive microglia, proliferating microglia, and inflamed microglia in multiple sclerosis, among others. However, the functional roles of these distinct subgroups remain inadequately characterized. This review aims to refine our current understanding of the potential roles of heterogeneous microglia in regulating synaptic plasticity and their implications for various brain disorders, drawing from recent sequencing research and functional studies. This knowledge may aid in the identification of pathogenetic biomarkers and potential factors contributing to pathogenesis, shedding new light on the discovery of novel drug targets. The field of sequencing-based data mining is evolving toward a multi-omics approach. With advances in viral tools for precise microglial regulation and the development of brain organoid models, we are poised to elucidate the functional roles of microglial subgroups detected through sequencing analysis, ultimately identifying valuable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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5
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Keshvari S, Masson JJR, Ferrari-Cestari M, Bodea LG, Nooru-Mohamed F, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Batoon L, Patkar OL, Sullivan MA, Ebersbach H, Stutz C, Parton RG, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Reversible expansion of tissue macrophages in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) transforms systemic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E149-E165. [PMID: 38117267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages regulate metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1)-dependent macrophages contribute to homeostatic control of the size of the liver. This study aimed to determine the systemic metabolic consequences of elevating circulating CSF1. Acute administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein to mice led to monocytosis, increased resident tissue macrophages in the liver and all major organs, and liver growth. These effects were associated with increased hepatic glucose uptake and extensive mobilization of body fat. The impacts of CSF1 on macrophage abundance, liver size, and body composition were rapidly reversed to restore homeostasis. The effects of CSF1 on metabolism were independent of several known endocrine regulators and did not impact the physiological fasting response. Analysis using implantable telemetry in metabolic cages revealed progressively reduced body temperature and physical activity with no change in diurnal food intake. These results demonstrate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between CSF1, the mononuclear phagocyte system, and control of liver-to-body weight ratio, which in turn controls systemic metabolic homeostasis. This novel macrophage regulatory axis has the potential to promote fat mobilization, without changes in appetence, which may have novel implications for managing metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CSF1 administration expands tissue macrophages, which transforms systemic metabolism. CSF1 drives fat mobilization and glucose uptake to support liver growth. The effects of CSF1 are independent of normal hormonal metabolic regulation. The effects of CSF1 are rapidly reversible, restoring homeostatic body composition. CSF1-dependent macrophages and liver size are coupled in a dynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J R Masson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liviu-Gabriel Bodea
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing and Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fathima Nooru-Mohamed
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilmar Ebersbach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cian Stutz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Shaikh SN, Willis EF, Dierich M, Xu Y, Stuart SJS, Gobe GC, Bashaw AA, Rawashdeh O, Kim SJ, Vukovic J. CSF-1R inhibitor PLX3397 attenuates peripheral and brain chronic GVHD and improves functional outcomes in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:300. [PMID: 38102698 PMCID: PMC10725001 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication of otherwise curative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Chronic GVHD induces pathological changes in peripheral organs as well as the brain and is a frequent cause of late morbidity and death after bone-marrow transplantation. In the periphery, bone-marrow-derived macrophages are key drivers of pathology, but recent evidence suggests that these cells also infiltrate into cGVHD-affected brains. Microglia are also persistently activated in the cGVHD-affected brain. To understand the involvement of these myeloid cell populations in the development and/or progression of cGVHD pathology, we here utilized the blood-brain-barrier permeable colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib) at varying doses to pharmacologically deplete both cell types. We demonstrate that PLX3397 treatment during the development of cGVHD (i.e., 30 days post-transplant) improves disease symptoms, reducing both the clinical scores and histopathology of multiple cGVHD target organs, including the sequestration of T cells in cGVHD-affected skin tissue. Cognitive impairments associated with cGVHD and neuroinflammation were also attenuated by PLX3397 treatment. PLX3397 treatment prior to the onset of cGVHD (i.e., immediately post-transplant) did not change in clinical scores or histopathology. Overall, our data demonstrate significant benefits of using PLX3397 for the treatment of cGVHD and associated organ pathologies in both the periphery and brain, highlighting the therapeutic potential of pexidartinib for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen N Shaikh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Max Dierich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel J S Stuart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Abate A Bashaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Bhattacharyya ND, Kyaw W, McDonald MM, Dhenni R, Grootveld AK, Xiao Y, Chai R, Khoo WH, Danserau LC, Sergio CM, Timpson P, Lee WM, Croucher PI, Phan TG. Minimally invasive longitudinal intravital imaging of cellular dynamics in intact long bone. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3856-3880. [PMID: 37857852 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intravital two-photon microscopy enables deep-tissue imaging at high temporospatial resolution in live animals. However, the endosteal bone compartment and underlying bone marrow pose unique challenges to optical imaging as light is absorbed, scattered and dispersed by thick mineralized bone matrix and the adipose-rich bone marrow. Early bone intravital imaging methods exploited gaps in the cranial sutures to bypass the need to penetrate through cortical bone. More recently, investigators have developed invasive methods to thin the cortical bone or implant imaging windows to image cellular dynamics in weight-bearing long bones. Here, we provide a step-by-step procedure for the preparation of animals for minimally invasive, nondestructive, longitudinal intravital imaging of the murine tibia. This method involves the use of mixed bone marrow radiation chimeras to unambiguously double-label osteoclasts and osteomorphs. The tibia is exposed by a simple skin incision and an imaging chamber constructed using thermoconductive T-putty. Imaging sessions up to 12 h long can be repeated over multiple timepoints to provide a longitudinal time window into the endosteal and marrow niches. The approach can be used to investigate cellular dynamics in bone remodeling, cancer cell life cycle and hematopoiesis, as well as long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. The procedure requires an hour to complete and is suitable for users with minimal prior expertise in small animal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Deger Bhattacharyya
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abigail K Grootveld
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ya Xiao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Chai
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda C Danserau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Marcelo Sergio
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ACRF INCITe Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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8
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Waddell LA, Wu Z, Sauter KA, Hope JC, Hume DA. A novel monoclonal antibody against porcine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) detects expression on the cell surface of macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 266:110681. [PMID: 37992576 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system through binding to the receptor CSF1R. The expression and function of CSF1 has been well-studied in rodents and humans, but knowledge is lacking in other veterinary species. The development of a novel mouse anti-porcine CSF1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) facilitates the characterisation of this growth factor in pigs. Cell surface expression of CSF1 was confirmed on differentiated macrophage populations derived from blood and bone marrow monocytes, and on lung resident macrophages, the first species for this to be confirmed. However, monocytes isolated from blood and bone marrow lacked CSF1 expression. This species-specific mAb delivers the opportunity to further understanding of porcine myeloid cell biology. This is not only vital for the role of pigs as a model for human health, but also as a veterinary species of significant economic and agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Waddell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jayne C Hope
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4104, Australia
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9
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Claeys W, Verhaege D, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Van Acker L, Amelinck L, De Ponti FF, Scott C, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Limitations of PLX3397 as a microglial investigational tool: peripheral and off-target effects dictate the response to inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283711. [PMID: 38077359 PMCID: PMC10703484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in CNS homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Pexidartinib (PLX3397), a colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) receptor inhibitor, is widely used to deplete microglia, offering flexible options for both long-term depletion and highly versatile depletion-repopulation cycles. However, the potential impact of PLX3397 on peripheral (immune) cells remains controversial. Until now, the microglia-specificity of this type of compounds has not been thoroughly evaluated, particularly in the context of peripherally derived neuroinflammation. Our study addresses this gap by examining the effects of PLX3397 on immune cells in the brain, liver, circulation and bone marrow, both in homeostasis and systemic inflammation models. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that PLX3397 treatment not only influences the levels of tissue-resident macrophages, but also affects circulating and bone marrow immune cells beyond the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). These alterations in peripheral immune cells disrupt the response to systemic inflammation, consequently impacting the phenotype irrespective of microglial depletion. Furthermore, we observed that a lower dose of PLX3397, which does not deplete microglia, demonstrates similar (non-)MPS effects, both in the periphery and the brain, but fails to fully replicate the peripheral alterations seen in the higher doses, questioning lower doses as a 'peripheral control' strategy. Overall, our data highlight the need for caution when interpreting studies employing this compound, as it may not be suitable for specific investigation of microglial function in the presence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Claeys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Verhaege
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Acker
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Amelinck
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federico F. De Ponti
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB–UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Scott
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB–UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Antwerp University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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McKendrick JG, Jones GR, Elder SS, Watson E, T'Jonck W, Mercer E, Magalhaes MS, Rocchi C, Hegarty LM, Johnson AL, Schneider C, Becher B, Pridans C, Mabbott N, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Bajenoff M, Gentek R, Bain CC, Emmerson E. CSF1R-dependent macrophages in the salivary gland are essential for epithelial regeneration after radiation-induced injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4374. [PMID: 37922341 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands often become damaged in individuals receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in chronic dry mouth. This leads to detrimental effects on their health and quality of life, for which there is no regenerative therapy. Macrophages are the predominant immune cell in the salivary glands and are attractive therapeutic targets due to their unrivaled capacity to drive tissue repair. Yet, the nature and role of macrophages in salivary gland homeostasis and how they may contribute to tissue repair after injury are not well understood. Here, we show that at least two phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct CX3CR1+ macrophage populations are present in the adult salivary gland, which occupy anatomically distinct niches. CD11c+CD206-CD163- macrophages typically associate with gland epithelium, whereas CD11c-CD206+CD163+ macrophages associate with blood vessels and nerves. Using a suite of complementary fate mapping systems, we show that there are highly dynamic changes in the ontogeny and composition of salivary gland macrophages with age. Using an in vivo model of radiation-induced salivary gland injury combined with genetic or antibody-mediated depletion of macrophages, we demonstrate an essential role for macrophages in clearance of cells with DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that epithelial-associated macrophages are indispensable for effective tissue repair and gland function after radiation-induced injury, with their depletion resulting in reduced saliva production. Our data, therefore, provide a strong case for exploring the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophages to promote tissue repair and thus minimize salivary gland dysfunction after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gareth-Rhys Jones
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sonia S Elder
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Erin Watson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wouter T'Jonck
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ella Mercer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marlene S Magalhaes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Cecilia Rocchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lizi M Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Amanda L Johnson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neil Mabbott
- Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, INSERM, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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11
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Hume DA, Teakle N, Keshvari S, Irvine KM. Macrophage deficiency in CSF1R-knockout rat embryos does not compromise placental or embryo development. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:421-433. [PMID: 37167456 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an abundant cell population in the placenta and developing embryo and appear to be involved in processes of vascularization, morphogenesis, organogenesis, and hematopoiesis. The proliferation, differentiation, and survival are dependent on signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, CSF1R. Aside from the role in macrophages, Csf1r mRNA is highly expressed in placental trophoblasts. To explore the function of macrophages and Csf1r in placental and embryonic development, we analyzed the impact of homozygous Csf1r null mutation (Csf1rko) in the rat. In late gestation, IBA1+ macrophages were abundant in control embryos in all tissues, including the placenta, and greatly reduced in the Csf1rko. CSF1R was also detected in stellate macrophage-like cells and in neurons using anti-CSF1R antibody but was undetectable in trophoblasts. However, the neuronal signal was not abolished in the Csf1rko. CD163 was most abundant in cells forming the center of erythroblastic islands in the liver and was also CSF1R dependent. Despite the substantial reduction in macrophage numbers, we detected no effect of the Csf1rko on development of the placenta or any organs, the relative abundance of vascular elements (CD31 staining), or cell proliferation (Ki67 staining). The loss of CD163+ erythroblastic island macrophages in the liver was not associated with anemia or any reduction in the proliferative activity in the liver, but there was a premature expansion of CD206+ cells, presumptive precursors of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. We suggest that many functions of macrophages in development of the placenta and embryo can be provided by other cell types in their absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woollongabba, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woollongabba, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woollongabba, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woollongabba, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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12
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Hume DA, Millard SM, Pettit AR. Macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell era: facts and artifacts. Blood 2023; 142:1339-1347. [PMID: 37595274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this spotlight, we review technical issues that compromise single-cell analysis of tissue macrophages, including limited and unrepresentative yields, fragmentation and generation of remnants, and activation during tissue disaggregation. These issues may lead to a misleading definition of subpopulations of macrophages and the expression of macrophage-specific transcripts by unrelated cells. Recognition of the technical limitations of single-cell approaches is required in order to map the full spectrum of tissue-resident macrophage heterogeneity and assess its biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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13
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Karg MM, Moorefield M, Hoffmann E, Philipose H, Krasniqi D, Hoppe C, Shu DY, Shirahama S, Ksander BR, Saint-Geniez M. Microglia preserve visual function loss in the aging retina by supporting retinal pigment epithelial health. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:53. [PMID: 37838654 PMCID: PMC10576380 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased age is a risk factor for the development and progression of retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Understanding the changes that occur in the eye due to aging is important in enhancing our understanding of AMD pathogenesis and the development of novel AMD therapies. Microglia, the resident brain and retinal immune cells are associated with both maintaining homeostasis and protection of neurons and loss of microglia homeostasis could be a significant player in age related neurodegeneration. One important characteristic of retinal aging is the migration of microglia from the inner to outer retina where they reside in the subretinal space (SRS) in contact with the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The role of aged subretinal microglia is unknown. Here, we depleted microglia in aged C57/BL6 mice fed for 6 weeks with a chow containing PLX5622, a small molecule inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (Csf1r) required for microglial survival. RESULTS The subretinal P2RY12 + microglia in aged mice displayed a highly amoeboid and activated morphology and were filled with autofluorescence droplets reminiscent of lipofuscin. TEM indicates that subretinal microglia actively phagocytize shed photoreceptor outer segments, one of the main functions of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. PLX5622 treatment depleted up to 90% of the retinal microglia and was associated with significant loss in visual function. Mice on the microglia depletion diet showed reduced contrast sensitivity and significantly lower electroretinogram for the c-wave, a measurement of RPE functionality, compared to age-matched controls. The loss of c-wave coincided with a loss of RPE cells and increased RPE swelling in the absence of microglia. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that microglia preserve visual function in aged mice and support RPE cell function, by phagocytosing shed photoreceptor outer segments and lipids, therefore compensating for the known age-related decline of RPE phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete M Karg
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May Moorefield
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emma Hoffmann
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Philipose
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Drenushe Krasniqi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Cindy Hoppe
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shintaro Shirahama
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Ibrahim T, Wu P, Wang LJ, Fang-Mei C, Murillo J, Merlo J, Shein SS, Tumanov AV, Lai Z, Weldon K, Chen Y, Ruparel S. Sex-dependent differences in the genomic profile of lingual sensory neurons in naïve and tongue-tumor bearing mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13117. [PMID: 37573456 PMCID: PMC10423281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of sex-dependent orofacial pain are widely understudied. A significant gap in knowledge exists about comprehensive regulation of tissue-specific trigeminal sensory neurons in diseased state of both sexes. Using RNA sequencing of FACS sorted retro-labeled sensory neurons innervating tongue tissue, we determined changes in transcriptomic profiles in males and female mice under naïve as well as tongue-tumor bearing conditions Our data revealed the following interesting findings: (1) FACS sorting obtained higher number of neurons from female trigeminal ganglia (TG) compared to males; (2) Naïve female neurons innervating the tongue expressed immune cell markers such as Csf1R, C1qa and others, that weren't expressed in males. This was validated by Immunohistochemistry. (3) Accordingly, immune cell markers such as Csf1 exclusively sensitized TRPV1 responses in female TG neurons. (4) Male neurons were more tightly regulated than female neurons upon tumor growth and very few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapped between the sexes, (5) Male DEGs contained higher number of transcription factors whereas female DEGs contained higher number of enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Collectively, this is the first study to characterize the effect of sex as well as of tongue-tumor on global gene expression, pathways and molecular function of tongue-innervating sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chang Fang-Mei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jaclyn Merlo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sergey S Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children's Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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15
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Hume DA. Letter to the Editor: Questioning the existence of Aif1+ , Csf1r+ mesenchymal stem cells. Hepatology 2023; 78:E25. [PMID: 36166318 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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16
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Sehgal A, Carter-Cusack D, Keshvari S, Patkar O, Huang S, Summers KM, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Intraperitoneal transfer of wild-type bone marrow repopulates tissue macrophages in the Csf1r knockout rat without contributing to monocytopoiesis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250312. [PMID: 37059596 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous null mutation of the Csf1r gene (Csf1rko) in rats leads to the loss of most tissue macrophage populations and pleiotropic impacts on postnatal growth and organ maturation, leading to early mortality. The phenotype can be reversed by intraperitoneal transfer of WT BM cells (BMT) at weaning. Here, we used a Csf1r-mApple transgenic reporter to track the fate of donor-derived cells. Following BMT into Csf1rko recipients, mApple+ve cells restored IBA1+ tissue macrophage populations in every tissue. However, monocytes, neutrophils, and B cells in the BM, blood, and lymphoid tissues remained of recipient (mApple-ve ) origin. An mApple+ve cell population expanded in the peritoneal cavity and invaded locally in the mesentery, fat pads, omentum, and diaphragm. One week after BMT, distal organs contained foci of mApple+ve , IBA1-ve immature progenitors that appeared to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate locally. We conclude that rat BM contains progenitor cells that are able to restore, replace, and maintain all tissue macrophage populations in a Csf1rko rat directly without contributing to the BM progenitor or blood monocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dylan Carter-Cusack
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Omkar Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Huang
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Ibrahim T, Wu P, Wang LJ, Fang-Mei C, Murillo J, Merlo J, Tumanov A, Lai Z, Weldon K, Chen Y, Ruparel S. Sex-dependent Differences in the Genomic Profile of Lingual Sensory Neurons in Naïve and Tongue-Tumor Bearing Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.14.524011. [PMID: 36711730 PMCID: PMC9882171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.14.524011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of sex-dependent orofacial pain are widely understudied. A significant gap in knowledge exists about comprehensive regulation of tissue-specific trigeminal sensory neurons in diseased state of both sexes. Using RNA sequencing of FACS sorted retro-labeled sensory neurons innervating tongue tissue, we determined changes in transcriptomic profiles in males and female mice under naïve as well as tongue-tumor bearing conditions Our data revealed the following interesting findings: 1) Tongue tissue of female mice was innervated with higher number of trigeminal neurons compared to males; 2) Naïve female neurons innervating the tongue exclusively expressed immune cell markers such as Csf1R, C1qa and others, that weren't expressed in males. This was validated by Immunohistochemistry. 4) Accordingly, immune cell markers such as Csf1 exclusively sensitized TRPV1 responses in female TG neurons. 3) Male neurons were more tightly regulated than female neurons upon tumor growth and very few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapped between the sexes, 5) Male DEGs contained higher number of transcription factors whereas female DEGs contained higher number of enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Collectively, this is the first study to characterize the effect of sex as well as of tongue-tumor on global gene expression, pathways and molecular function of tongue-innervating sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, USA
| | - Chang Fang-Mei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Jaclyn Merlo
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Alexei Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, USA
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, USA
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18
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Grootveld AK, Kyaw W, Panova V, Lau AWY, Ashwin E, Seuzaret G, Dhenni R, Bhattacharyya ND, Khoo WH, Biro M, Mitra T, Meyer-Hermann M, Bertolino P, Tanaka M, Hume DA, Croucher PI, Brink R, Nguyen A, Bannard O, Phan TG. Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center. Cell 2023; 186:1144-1161.e18. [PMID: 36868219 PMCID: PMC7614509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by intracellular self antigens. We show by multiple redundant and complementary methods that TBMs derive from a lymph node-resident, CD169-lineage, CSF1R-blockade-resistant precursor that is prepositioned in the follicle. Non-migratory TBMs use cytoplasmic processes to chase and capture migrating dead cell fragments using a "lazy" search strategy. Follicular macrophages activated by the presence of nearby apoptotic cells can mature into TBMs in the absence of GCs. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a TBM cell cluster in immunized lymph nodes which upregulated genes involved in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, apoptotic B cells in early GCs trigger activation and maturation of follicular macrophages into classical TBMs to clear apoptotic debris and prevent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Grootveld
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veera Panova
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica W Y Lau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Ashwin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Guillaume Seuzaret
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Département de Biologie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanmay Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Gu X, Heinrich A, Li SY, DeFalco T. Testicular macrophages are recruited during a narrow fetal time window and promote organ-specific developmental functions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1439. [PMID: 36922518 PMCID: PMC10017703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that fetal-derived tissue-resident macrophages have developmental functions. It has been proposed that macrophages promote testicular functions, but which macrophage populations are involved is unclear. Previous studies showed that macrophages play critical roles in fetal testis morphogenesis and described two adult testicular macrophage populations, interstitial and peritubular. There has been debate regarding the hematopoietic origins of testicular macrophages and whether distinct macrophage populations promote specific testicular functions. Here our hematopoietic lineage-tracing studies in mice show that yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the earliest testicular macrophages, while fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate monocytes that colonize the gonad during a narrow time window in a Sertoli-cell-dependent manner and differentiate into adult testicular macrophages. Finally, we show that yolk-sac-derived versus HSC-derived macrophages have distinct functions during testis morphogenesis, while interstitial macrophages specifically promote adult Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Our findings provide insight into testicular macrophage origins and their tissue-specific roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gu
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Anna Heinrich
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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21
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Zhong L, Lu J, Fang J, Yao L, Yu W, Gui T, Duffy M, Holdreith N, Bautista CA, Huang X, Bandyopadhyay S, Tan K, Chen C, Choi Y, Jiang JX, Yang S, Tong W, Dyment N, Qin L. Csf1 from marrow adipogenic precursors is required for osteoclast formation and hematopoiesis in bone. eLife 2023; 12:e82112. [PMID: 36779854 PMCID: PMC10005765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 (Csf1) is an essential growth factor for osteoclast progenitors and an important regulator for bone resorption. It remains elusive which mesenchymal cells synthesize Csf1 to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. We recently identified a novel mesenchymal cell population, marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs), in bone. Compared to other mesenchymal subpopulations, MALPs expressed Csf1 at a much higher level and this expression was further increased during aging. To investigate its role, we constructed MALP-deficient Csf1 CKO mice using AdipoqCre. These mice had increased femoral trabecular bone mass, but their cortical bone appeared normal. In comparison, depletion of Csf1 in the entire mesenchymal lineage using Prrx1Cre led to a more striking high bone mass phenotype, suggesting that additional mesenchymal subpopulations secrete Csf1. TRAP staining revealed diminished osteoclasts in the femoral secondary spongiosa region of Csf1 CKOAdipoq mice, but not at the chondral-osseous junction nor at the endosteal surface of cortical bone. Moreover, Csf1 CKOAdipoq mice were resistant to LPS-induced calvarial osteolysis. Bone marrow cellularity, hematopoietic progenitors, and macrophages were also reduced in these mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that MALPs synthesize Csf1 to control bone remodeling and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Michael Duffy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Catherine A Bautista
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathanial Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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22
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Batoon L, Koh AJ, Kannan R, McCauley LK, Roca H. Caspase-9 driven murine model of selective cell apoptosis and efferocytosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:58. [PMID: 36693838 PMCID: PMC9873735 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and efficient efferocytosis are integral to growth, development, and homeostasis. The heterogeneity of these mechanisms in different cells across distinct tissues renders it difficult to develop broadly applicable in vivo technologies. Here, we introduced a novel inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9) mouse model which allowed targeted cell apoptosis and further facilitated investigation of concomitant efferocytosis. We generated iCasp9+/+ mice with conditional expression of chemically inducible caspase-9 protein that is triggered in the presence of Cre recombinase. In vitro, bone marrow cells from iCasp9+/+ mice showed expression of the iCasp9 protein when transduced with Cre-expressing adenovirus. Treatment of these cells with the chemical dimerizer (AP20187/AP) resulted in iCasp9 processing and cleaved caspase-3 upregulation, indicating successful apoptosis induction. The in vivo functionality and versatility of this model was demonstrated by crossing iCasp9+/+ mice with CD19-Cre and Osteocalcin (OCN)-Cre mice to target CD19+ B cells or OCN+ bone-lining osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence and/or immunohistochemical staining in combination with histomorphometric analysis of EGFP, CD19/OCN, and cleaved caspase-3 expression demonstrated that a single dose of AP effectively induced apoptosis in CD19+ B cells or OCN+ osteoblasts. Examination of the known efferocytes in the target tissues showed that CD19+ cell apoptosis was associated with infiltration of dendritic cells into splenic B cell follicles. In the bone, where efferocytosis remains under-explored, the use of iCasp9 provided direct in vivo evidence that macrophages are important mediators of apoptotic osteoblast clearance. Collectively, this study presented the first mouse model of iCasp9 which achieved selective apoptosis, allowing examination of subsequent efferocytosis. Given its unique feature of being controlled by any Cre-expressing mouse lines, the potential applications of this model are extensive and will bring forth more insights into the diversity of mechanisms and cellular effects induced by apoptosis including the physiologically important efferocytic process that follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rahasudha Kannan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hernan Roca
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Kabir I, Zhang X, Dave JM, Chakraborty R, Qu R, Chandran RR, Ntokou A, Gallardo-Vara E, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Garcia-Milian R, Hwa J, Kluger Y, Martin KA, Fernández-Hernando C, Greif DM. The age of bone marrow dictates the clonality of smooth muscle-derived cells in atherosclerotic plaques. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:64-81. [PMID: 36743663 PMCID: PMC9894379 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the predominant risk factor for atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death. Rare smooth muscle cell (SMC) progenitors clonally expand giving rise to up to ~70% of atherosclerotic plaque cells; however, the effect of age on SMC clonality is not known. Our results indicate that aged bone marrow (BM)-derived cells non-cell autonomously induce SMC polyclonality and worsen atherosclerosis. Indeed, in myeloid cells from aged mice and humans, TET2 levels are reduced which epigenetically silences integrin β3 resulting in increased tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α signaling. TNFα signals through TNF receptor 1 on SMCs to promote proliferation and induces recruitment and expansion of multiple SMC progenitors into the atherosclerotic plaque. Notably, integrin β3 overexpression in aged BM preserves dominance of the lineage of a single SMC progenitor and attenuates plaque burden. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism of aged macrophage-induced SMC polyclonality and atherogenesis and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Kabir
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jui M. Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachana R. Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Bioinformatics Support Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
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24
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Lieske A, Agyeman-Duah E, Selich A, Dörpmund N, Talbot SR, Schambach A, Maetzig T. A pro B cell population forms the apex of the leukemic hierarchy in Hoxa9/Meis1-dependent AML. Leukemia 2023; 37:79-90. [PMID: 36517672 PMCID: PMC9883166 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is a major challenge to therapeutic success in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can be partly associated with heterogeneous leukemic stem cell (LSC) properties. In the murine Hoxa9/Meis1-dependent (H9M) AML model, LSC potential lies in three defined immunophenotypes, including Lin-cKit+ progenitor cells (Lin-), Gr1+CD11b+cKit+ myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells (Lym+). Previous reports demonstrated their interconversion and distinct drug sensitivities. In contrast, we here show that H9M AML is hierarchically organized. We, therefore, tracked the developmental potential of LSC phenotypes. This unexpectedly revealed a substantial fraction of Lin- LSCs that failed to regenerate Lym+ LSCs, and that harbored reduced leukemogenic potential. However, Lin- LSCs capable of producing Lym+ LSCs as well as Lym+ LSCs triggered rapid disease development suggestive of their high relapse-driving potential. Transcriptional analyses revealed that B lymphoid master regulators, including Sox4 and Bach2, correlated with Lym+ LSC development and presumably aggressive disease. Lentiviral overexpression of Sox4 and Bach2 induced dedifferentiation of H9M cells towards a lineage-negative state in vitro as the first step of lineage conversion. This work suggests that the potency to initiate a partial B lymphoid primed transcriptional program as present in infant AML correlates with aggressive disease and governs the H9M LSC hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lieske
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Agyeman-Duah
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Dörpmund
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Hume DA, Batoon L, Sehgal A, Keshvari S, Irvine KM. CSF1R as a Therapeutic Target in Bone Diseases: Obvious but Not so Simple. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:516-531. [PMID: 36197652 PMCID: PMC9718875 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to summarize the expression and function of CSF1R and its ligands in bone homeostasis and constraints on therapeutic targeting of this axis. RECENT FINDINGS Bone development and homeostasis depends upon interactions between mesenchymal cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage (MPS), macrophages, and osteoclasts (OCL). The homeostatic interaction is mediated in part by the systemic and local production of growth factors, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1), and interleukin 34 (IL34) that interact with a receptor (CSF1R) expressed exclusively by MPS cells and their progenitors. Loss-of-function mutations in CSF1 or CSF1R lead to loss of OCL and macrophages and dysregulation of postnatal bone development. MPS cells continuously degrade CSF1R ligands via receptor-mediated endocytosis. As a consequence, any local or systemic increase or decrease in macrophage or OCL abundance is rapidly reversible. In principle, both CSF1R agonists and antagonists have potential in bone regenerative medicine but their evaluation in disease models and therapeutic application needs to carefully consider the intrinsic feedback control of MPS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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26
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Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic landscape of macrophages in mouse tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7389. [PMID: 36450731 PMCID: PMC9712610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in tissue homeostasis and are critical for innate immune responses, yet distinct macrophage populations in different tissues exhibit diverse gene expression patterns and biological processes. While tissue-specific macrophage epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles have been reported, proteomes of different macrophage populations remain poorly characterized. Here we use mass spectrometry and bulk RNA sequencing to assess the proteomic and transcriptomic patterns, respectively, of 10 primary macrophage populations from seven mouse tissues, bone marrow-derived macrophages and the cell line RAW264.7. The results show distinct proteomic landscape and protein copy numbers between tissue-resident and recruited macrophages. Construction of a hierarchical regulatory network finds cell-type-specific transcription factors of macrophages serving as hubs for denoting tissue and functional identity of individual macrophage subsets. Finally, Il18 is validated to be essential in distinguishing molecular signatures and cellular function features between tissue-resident and recruited macrophages in the lung and liver. In summary, these deposited datasets and our open proteome server ( http://macrophage.mouseprotein.cn ) integrating all information will provide a valuable resource for future functional and mechanistic studies of mouse macrophages.
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Paolicelli RC, Sierra A, Stevens B, Tremblay ME, Aguzzi A, Ajami B, Amit I, Audinat E, Bechmann I, Bennett M, Bennett F, Bessis A, Biber K, Bilbo S, Blurton-Jones M, Boddeke E, Brites D, Brône B, Brown GC, Butovsky O, Carson MJ, Castellano B, Colonna M, Cowley SA, Cunningham C, Davalos D, De Jager PL, de Strooper B, Denes A, Eggen BJL, Eyo U, Galea E, Garel S, Ginhoux F, Glass CK, Gokce O, Gomez-Nicola D, González B, Gordon S, Graeber MB, Greenhalgh AD, Gressens P, Greter M, Gutmann DH, Haass C, Heneka MT, Heppner FL, Hong S, Hume DA, Jung S, Kettenmann H, Kipnis J, Koyama R, Lemke G, Lynch M, Majewska A, Malcangio M, Malm T, Mancuso R, Masuda T, Matteoli M, McColl BW, Miron VE, Molofsky AV, Monje M, Mracsko E, Nadjar A, Neher JJ, Neniskyte U, Neumann H, Noda M, Peng B, Peri F, Perry VH, Popovich PG, Pridans C, Priller J, Prinz M, Ragozzino D, Ransohoff RM, Salter MW, Schaefer A, Schafer DP, Schwartz M, Simons M, Smith CJ, Streit WJ, Tay TL, Tsai LH, Verkhratsky A, von Bernhardi R, Wake H, Wittamer V, Wolf SA, Wu LJ, Wyss-Coray T. Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads. Neuron 2022; 110:3458-3483. [PMID: 36327895 PMCID: PMC9999291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic classification of good or bad microglia is inconsistent with the wide repertoire of microglial states and functions in development, plasticity, aging, and diseases that were elucidated in recent years. New designations continuously arising in an attempt to describe the different microglial states, notably defined using transcriptomics and proteomics, may easily lead to a misleading, although unintentional, coupling of categories and functions. To address these issues, we assembled a group of multidisciplinary experts to discuss our current understanding of microglial states as a dynamic concept and the importance of addressing microglial function. Here, we provide a conceptual framework and recommendations on the use of microglial nomenclature for researchers, reviewers, and editors, which will serve as the foundations for a future white paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa C Paolicelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Glial Cell Biology Lab, Leioa, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, (HHMI), MD, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bahareh Ajami
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mariko Bennett
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Bennett
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alain Bessis
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Knut Biber
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Staci Bilbo
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, UCI MIND, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bert Brône
- BIOMED Research Institute, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica J Carson
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Unidad de Histología Medica, Depto. Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bart de Strooper
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adam Denes
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ukpong Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica, Unitat de Bioquímica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; College de France, Paris, France
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ozgun Gokce
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig Maximillian's University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Berta González
- Unidad de Histología Medica, Depto. Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología and Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan (ROC); Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel B Graeber
- Ken Parker Brain Tumour Research Laboratories, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew D Greenhalgh
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soyon Hong
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Greg Lemke
- MNL-L, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marina Lynch
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ania Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tarja Malm
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Microglia and Inflammation in Neurological Disorders (MIND) Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michelle Monje
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, (HHMI), MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Agnes Nadjar
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jonas J Neher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Urte Neniskyte
- VU LSC-EMBL Partnership for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Francesca Peri
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Hugh Perry
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael W Salter
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Schaefer
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Center for Glial Biology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Koeln, Germany
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Cody J Smith
- Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tuan Leng Tay
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Glial Cell Biology Lab, Leioa, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Valérie Wittamer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Experimental Ophthalmology and Neuroimmunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Dai Y, Wu S, Cao C, Xue R, Luo X, Wen Z, Xu J. Csf1rb regulates definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:276084. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In vertebrates, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are capable of self-renewal and continuously replenishing all mature blood lineages throughout life. However, the molecular signaling regulating the maintenance and expansion of HSPCs remains incompletely understood. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is believed to be the primary regulator for the myeloid lineage but not HSPC development. Here, we show a surprising role of Csf1rb, a zebrafish homolog of mammalian CSF1R, in preserving the HSPC pool by maintaining the proliferation of HSPCs. Deficiency of csf1rb leads to a reduction in both HSPCs and their differentiated progenies, including myeloid, lymphoid and erythroid cells at early developmental stages. Likewise, the absence of csf1rb conferred similar defects upon HSPCs and leukocytes in adulthood. Furthermore, adult hematopoietic cells from csf1rb mutants failed to repopulate immunodeficient zebrafish. Interestingly, loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays suggested that the canonical ligands for Csf1r in zebrafish, including Csf1a, Csf1b and Il34, were unlikely to be ligands of Csf1rb. Thus, our data indicate a previously unappreciated role of Csf1r in maintaining HSPCs, independently of known ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Dai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Canran Cao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongtao Xue
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University 3 Department of Hematology , , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515 , China
| | - Xuefen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 Division of Life Science , , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen Peking University−Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center 4 , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology 1 Laboratory of Immunology & Regeneration , , Guangzhou 510006, China
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Rumianek AN, Davies B, Channon KM, Greaves DR, Purvis GSD. A Human CD68 Promoter-Driven Inducible Cre-Recombinase Mouse Line Allows Specific Targeting of Tissue Resident Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918636. [PMID: 35874787 PMCID: PMC9298978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current genetic tools designed to target macrophages in vivo often target cells from all myeloid lineages. Therefore, we sought to generate a novel transgenic mouse which has a tamoxifen inducible Cre-recombinase under the control of the human CD68 promoter (hCD68-CreERT2). To test the efficiency and specificity of the of Cre-recombinase activity we crossed the hCD68-CreERT2 mice with a loxP-flanked STOP cassette red fluorescent protein variant (tdTomato) mouse. We established that orally dosing mice with 2 mg of tamoxifen for 5 consecutive days followed by a 5-day induction period resulted in robust expression of tdTomato in CD11b+ F4/80+ tissue resident macrophages. Using this induction protocol, we demonstrated tdTomato expression within peritoneal, liver and spleen macrophages and blood Ly6Clow monocytes. Importantly there was limited or no inducible tdTomato expression within other myeloid cells (neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and eosinophils), T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells (CD19+). We also demonstrated that the level of tdTomato expression can be used as a marker to identify different populations of peritoneal and liver macrophages. We next assessed the longevity of tdTomato expression in peritoneal macrophages, liver and splenic macrophages and demonstrated high levels of tdTomato expression as long as 6 weeks after the last tamoxifen dose. Importantly, hCD68-CreERT2 expression is more restricted than that of LysM-Cre which has significant expression in major myeloid cell types (monocytes and neutrophils). To demonstrate the utility of this novel macrophage-specific Cre driver line we demonstrated tdTomato expression in recruited CD11b+CD64+F4/80+ monocyte-derived macrophages within the atherosclerotic lesions of AAV8-mPCSK9 treated mice, with limited expression in recruited neutrophils. In developing this new hCD68-CreERT2 mouse we have a tool that allows us to target tissue resident macrophages, with the advantage of not targeting other myeloid cells namely neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata N. Rumianek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth S. D. Purvis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Filipović M, Flegar D, Šućur A, Šisl D, Kavazović I, Antica M, Kelava T, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Inhibition of Notch Signaling Stimulates Osteoclastogenesis From the Common Trilineage Progenitor Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902947. [PMID: 35865541 PMCID: PMC9294223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) can be derived from a common trilineage myeloid progenitor of hematopoietic origin. Progenitor commitment is susceptible to regulation through Notch signaling. Our aim was to determine the effects of Notch modulation on trilineage progenitor commitment and functional properties of differentiated cells under inflammatory conditions. We used the conditional inducible CX3CR1CreERT2 mouse strain to achieve overexpression of the Notch 1 intracellular domain (NICD1) or to inhibit Notch signaling via deletion of the transcription factor RBP-J in a bone marrow population, used as a source of the trilineage progenitor (CD45+Ly6G−CD3−B220−NK1.1−CD11b–/loCD115+). Cre-recombinase, under the control of the CX3CR1 promoter, expressed in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, was induced in vitro by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Differentiation of osteoclasts was induced by M-CSF/RANKL; macrophages by M-CSF; DCs by IL-4/GM-CSF, and inflammation by LPS. Functionally, DCs were tested for the ability to process and present antigen, macrophages to phagocytose E. coli particles, and osteoclasts to resorb bone and express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). We found that Notch 1 signal activation suppressed osteoclast formation, whereas disruption of the Notch canonical pathway enhanced osteoclastogenesis, resulting in a higher number and size of osteoclasts. RANK protein and Ctsk gene expression were upregulated in osteoclastogenic cultures from RBP-J+ mice, with the opposing results in NICD1+ mice. Notch modulation did not affect the number of in vitro differentiated macrophages and DCs. However, RBP-J deletion stimulated Il12b and Cd86 expression in macrophages and DCs, respectively. Functional assays under inflammatory conditions confirmed that Notch silencing amplifies TRAP expression by osteoclasts, whereas the enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages was observed in both NICD1+ and RBP-J+ strains. Finally, antigen presentation by LPS-stimulated DCs was significantly downregulated with NICD1 overexpression. This experimental setting allowed us to define a cell-autonomous response to Notch signaling at the trilineage progenitor stage. Although Notch signaling modulation affected the activity of all three lineages, the major effect was observed in osteoclasts, resulting in enhanced differentiation and function with inhibition of canonical Notch signaling. Our results indicate that Notch signaling participates as the negative regulator of osteoclast activity during inflammation, which may be relevant in immune and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Filipović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darja Flegar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Tomislav Kelava
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Danka Grčević,
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31
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Poh AR, Love CG, Chisanga D, Steer JH, Baloyan D, Chopin M, Nutt S, Rautela J, Huntington ND, Etemadi N, O’Brien M, O’Keefe R, Ellies LG, Macri C, Mintern JD, Whitehead L, Gangadhara G, Boon L, Chand AL, Lowell CA, Shi W, Pixley FJ, Ernst M. Therapeutic inhibition of the SRC-kinase HCK facilitates T cell tumor infiltration and improves response to immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7882. [PMID: 35731867 PMCID: PMC9216510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, many immunogenic tumors remain refractory to treatment. This can be largely attributed to an immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment characterized by an accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and exclusion of activated T cells. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation or therapeutic inhibition of the myeloid-specific hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) enables activity of antagonistic anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1), anti-CTLA4, or agonistic anti-CD40 immunotherapies in otherwise refractory tumors and augments response in treatment-susceptible tumors. Mechanistically, HCK ablation reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells toward an inflammatory endotype and enhances CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation when combined with immunotherapy in mice. Meanwhile, therapeutic inhibition of HCK in humanized mice engrafted with patient-derived xenografts counteracts tumor immunosuppression, improves T cell recruitment, and impairs tumor growth. Collectively, our results suggest that therapeutic targeting of HCK activity enhances response to immunotherapy by simultaneously stimulating immune cell activation and inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R. Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Love
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - James H. Steer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia
| | - Nicholas D. Huntington
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia
- oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3186, Australia
| | - Nima Etemadi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Megan O’Brien
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Keefe
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Justine D. Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gangadhara Gangadhara
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | | | - Ashwini L. Chand
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | | | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Fiona J. Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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32
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Kiani Shabestari S, Morabito S, Danhash EP, McQuade A, Sanchez JR, Miyoshi E, Chadarevian JP, Claes C, Coburn MA, Hasselmann J, Hidalgo J, Tran KN, Martini AC, Chang Rothermich W, Pascual J, Head E, Hume DA, Pridans C, Davtyan H, Swarup V, Blurton-Jones M. Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimer's disease mice. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110961. [PMID: 35705056 PMCID: PMC9285116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are strongly implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their impact on pathology and lifespan remains unclear. Here we utilize a CSF1R hypomorphic mouse to generate a model of AD that genetically lacks microglia. The resulting microglial-deficient mice exhibit a profound shift from parenchymal amyloid plaques to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes, greatly increased brain calcification and hemorrhages, and premature lethality. Remarkably, a single injection of wild-type microglia into adult mice repopulates the microglial niche and prevents each of these pathological changes. Taken together, these results indicate the protective functions of microglia in reducing CAA, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and brain calcification. To further understand the clinical implications of these findings, human AD tissue and iPSC-microglia were examined, providing evidence that microglia phagocytose calcium crystals, and this process is impaired by loss of the AD risk gene, TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and System Biology (MCSB) Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emma Pascal Danhash
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jessica Ramirez Sanchez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christel Claes
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Morgan Alexandra Coburn
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kayla Nhi Tran
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Jesse Pascual
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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33
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Stables J, Green EK, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Keshvari S, Taylor I, Ashcroft ME, Grabert K, Wollscheid-Lengeling E, Szymkowiak S, McColl BW, Adamson A, Humphreys NE, Mueller W, Starobova H, Vetter I, Shabestari SK, Blurton-Jones MM, Summers KM, Irvine KM, Pridans C, Hume DA. A kinase-dead Csf1r mutation associated with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy has a dominant inhibitory impact on CSF1R signalling. Development 2022; 149:274819. [PMID: 35333324 PMCID: PMC9002114 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain of the human CSF1R gene are associated with autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). To model the human disease, we created a disease-associated mutation (pGlu631Lys; E631K) in the mouse Csf1r locus. Homozygous mutation (Csf1rE631K/E631K) phenocopied the Csf1r knockout, with prenatal mortality or severe postnatal growth retardation and hydrocephalus. Heterozygous mutation delayed the postnatal expansion of tissue macrophage populations in most organs. Bone marrow cells from Csf1rE631K/+mice were resistant to CSF1 stimulation in vitro, and Csf1rE631K/+ mice were unresponsive to administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein, which expanded tissue macrophage populations in controls. In the brain, microglial cell numbers and dendritic arborisation were reduced in Csf1rE631K/+ mice, as in patients with ALSP. The microglial phenotype is the opposite of microgliosis observed in Csf1r+/- mice. However, we found no evidence of brain pathology or impacts on motor function in aged Csf1rE631K/+ mice. We conclude that heterozygous disease-associated CSF1R mutations compromise CSF1R signalling. We speculate that leukoencephalopathy associated with dominant human CSF1R mutations requires an environmental trigger and/or epistatic interaction with common neurodegenerative disease-associated alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stables
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Emma K Green
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Isis Taylor
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Maisie E Ashcroft
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Evi Wollscheid-Lengeling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4401, Luxembourg
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil E Humphreys
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Werner Mueller
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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34
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Spiteri AG, Ni D, Ling ZL, Macia L, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ, King NJC. PLX5622 Reduces Disease Severity in Lethal CNS Infection by Off-Target Inhibition of Peripheral Inflammatory Monocyte Production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851556. [PMID: 35401512 PMCID: PMC8990748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PLX5622 is a CSF-1R inhibitor and microglia-depleting reagent, widely used to investigate the biology of this central nervous system (CNS)-resident myeloid population, but the indirect or off-target effects of this agent remain largely unexplored. In a murine model of severe neuroinflammation induced by West Nile virus encephalitis (WNE), we showed PLX5622 efficiently depleted both microglia and a sub-population of border-associated macrophages in the CNS. However, PLX5622 also significantly depleted mature Ly6Chi monocytes in the bone marrow (BM), inhibiting their proliferation and lethal recruitment into the infected brain, reducing neuroinflammation and clinical disease scores. Notably, in addition, BM dendritic cell subsets, plasmacytoid DC and classical DC, were depleted differentially in infected and uninfected mice. Confirming its protective effect in WNE, cessation of PLX5622 treatment exacerbated disease scores and was associated with robust repopulation of microglia, rebound BM monopoiesis and markedly increased inflammatory monocyte infiltration into the CNS. Monoclonal anti-CSF-1R antibody blockade late in WNE also impeded BM monocyte proliferation and recruitment to the brain, suggesting that the protective effect of PLX5622 is via the inhibition of CSF-1R, rather than other kinase targets. Importantly, BrdU incorporation in PLX5622-treated mice, suggest remaining microglia proliferate independently of CSF-1 in WNE. Our study uncovers significantly broader effects of PLX5622 on the myeloid lineage beyond microglia depletion, advising caution in the interpretation of PLX5622 data as microglia-specific. However, this work also strikingly demonstrates the unexpected therapeutic potential of this molecule in CNS viral infection, as well as other monocyte-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna G Spiteri
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Chronic Diseases Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zheng Lung Ling
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Chronic Diseases Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iain L Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Kosti CN, Vaitsi PC, Pappas AG, Iliopoulou MP, Psarra KK, Magkouta SF, Kalomenidis IT. CSF1/CSF1R signaling mediates malignant pleural effusion formation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155300. [PMID: 35315360 PMCID: PMC8986064 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is an incurable common manifestation of many malignancies. Its formation is orchestrated by complex interactions among tumor cells, inflammatory cells, and the vasculature. Tumor-associated macrophages present the dominant inflammatory population of MPE, and M2 macrophage numbers account for dismal prognosis. M2 polarization is known to be triggered by CSF1/CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling. We hypothesized that CSF1R+ M2 macrophages favor MPE formation and could be therapeutically targeted to limit MPE. We generated mice with CSF1R-deficient macrophages and induced lung and colon adenocarcinoma–associated MPE. We also examined the therapeutic potential of a clinically relevant CSF1R inhibitor (BLZ945) in lung and colon adenocarcinoma–induced experimental MPE. We showed that CSF1R+ macrophages promoted pleural fluid accumulation by enhancing vascular permeability, destabilizing tumor vessels, and favoring immune suppression. We also showed that CSF1R inhibition limited MPE in vivo by reducing vascular permeability and neoangiogenesis and impeding tumor progression. This was because apart from macrophages, CSF1R signals in cancer-associated fibroblasts leading to macrophage inflammatory protein 2 secretion triggered the manifestation of suppressive and angiogenic properties in macrophages upon CXCR2 paracrine activation. Pharmacological targeting of the CSF1/CSF1R axis can therefore be a vital strategy for limiting MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysavgi N Kosti
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Photene C Vaitsi
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos G Pappas
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi P Iliopoulou
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherina K Psarra
- Department of Immunology - Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia F Magkouta
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis T Kalomenidis
- Marianthi Simou Laboratory, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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36
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Identification of macrophages in normal and injured mouse tissues using reporter lines and antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4542. [PMID: 35296717 PMCID: PMC8927419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable tools for macrophage identification in mouse tissues are critical for studies investigating inflammatory and reparative responses. Transgenic reporter mice and anti-macrophage antibodies have been used as “specific pan-macrophage” markers in many studies; however, organ-specific patterns of expression and non-specific labeling of other cell types, such as fibroblasts, may limit their usefulness. Our study provides a systematic comparison of macrophage labeling patterns in normal and injured mouse tissues, using the CX3CR1 and CSF1R macrophage reporter lines and anti-macrophage antibodies. Moreover, we tested the specificity of macrophage antibodies using the fibroblast-specific PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α reporter line. Mouse macrophages exhibit organ-specific differences in expression of macrophage markers. Hepatic macrophages are labeled for CSF1R, Mac2 and F4/80, but lack CX3CR1 expression, whereas in the lung, the CSF1R+/Mac2+/Mac3+ macrophage population is not labeled with F4/80. In the splenic red pulp, subpopulations of CSF1R+/F4/80+/Mac3+cells were labeled with Mac2, CX3CR1 and lysozyme M. In the kidney, Mac2, Mac3 and lysozyme M labeled a fraction of the CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ macrophages, but also stained tubular epithelial cells. In normal hearts, the majority of CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ cells were not detected with anti-macrophage antibodies. Myocardial infarction was associated with marked expansion of the CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ populations that peaked during the proliferative phase of cardiac repair, and also expressed Mac2, Mac3 and lysozyme M. In normal mouse tissues, a small fraction of cells labeled with anti-macrophage antibodies were identified as PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α+ fibroblasts, using a reporter system. The population of PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α+ cells expressing macrophage markers expanded following injury, likely reflecting emergence of cellular phenotypes with both fibroblast and macrophage characteristics. In conclusion, mouse macrophages exhibit remarkable heterogeneity. Selection of the most appropriate markers for identification of macrophages in mouse tissues is dependent on the organ and the pathologic condition studied.
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37
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Keshvari S, Genz B, Teakle N, Caruso M, Cestari MF, Patkar OL, Tse BWC, Sokolowski KA, Ebersbach H, Jascur J, MacDonald KPA, Miller G, Ramm GA, Pettit AR, Clouston AD, Powell EE, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Therapeutic potential of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in chronic liver disease. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274391. [PMID: 35169835 PMCID: PMC9044210 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and recruited macrophages control the development and proliferation of the liver. We showed previously in multiple species that treatment with a macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF1)-Fc fusion protein initiated hepatocyte proliferation and promoted repair in models of acute hepatic injury in mice. Here we investigated the impact of CSF1-Fc on resolution of advanced fibrosis and liver regeneration, utilizing a non-resolving toxin-induced model of chronic liver injury and fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. Co-administration of CSF1-Fc with exposure to thioacetamide (TAA) exacerbated inflammation consistent with monocyte contributions to initiation of pathology. After removal of TAA, either acute or chronic CSF1-Fc treatment promoted liver growth, prevented progression and promoted resolution of fibrosis. Acute CSF1-Fc treatment was also anti-fibrotic and pro-regenerative in a model of partial hepatectomy in mice with established fibrosis. The beneficial impacts of CSF1-Fc treatment were associated with monocyte-macrophage recruitment and increased expression of remodeling enzymes and growth factors. These studies indicate that CSF1-dependent macrophages contribute to both initiation and resolution of fibrotic injury and that CSF1-Fc has therapeutic potential in human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Berit Genz
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle F Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilmar Ebersbach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Jascur
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew D Clouston
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powell
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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Millard SM, Heng O, Opperman KS, Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Kaur S, Sandrock CJ, Wu AC, Magor GW, Batoon L, Perkins AC, Noll JE, Zannettino ACW, Sester DP, Levesque JP, Hume DA, Raggatt LJ, Summers KM, Pettit AR. Fragmentation of tissue-resident macrophages during isolation confounds analysis of single-cell preparations from mouse hematopoietic tissues. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110058. [PMID: 34818538 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse hematopoietic tissues contain abundant tissue-resident macrophages that support immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone homeostasis. A systematic strategy to characterize macrophage subsets in mouse bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lymph node unexpectedly reveals that macrophage surface marker staining emanates from membrane-bound subcellular remnants associated with unrelated cells. Intact macrophages are not present within these cell preparations. The macrophage remnant binding profile reflects interactions between macrophages and other cell types in vivo. Depletion of CD169+ macrophages in vivo eliminates F4/80+ remnant attachment. Remnant-restricted macrophage-specific membrane markers, cytoplasmic fluorescent reporters, and mRNA are all detected in non-macrophage cells including isolated stem and progenitor cells. Analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, including publicly available datasets, indicates that macrophage fragmentation is a general phenomenon that confounds bulk and single-cell analysis of disaggregated hematopoietic tissues. Hematopoietic tissue macrophage fragmentation undermines the accuracy of macrophage ex vivo molecular profiling and creates opportunity for misattribution of macrophage-expressed genes to non-macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ostyn Heng
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Khatora S Opperman
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cheyenne J Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Graham W Magor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - David P Sester
- TRI Flow Cytometry Suite, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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40
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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41
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Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101509. [PMID: 34742624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is the primary growth factor required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation, survival, proliferation and renewal. Although the cDNAs encoding multiple isoforms of human CSF1 were cloned in the 1980s, and recombinant proteins were available for testing in humans, CSF1 has not yet found substantial clinical application. Here we present an overview of CSF1 biology, including evolution, regulation and functions of cell surface and secreted isoforms. CSF1 is widely-expressed, primarily by cells of mesenchymal lineages, in all mouse tissues. Cell-specific deletion of a floxed Csf1 allele in mice indicates that local CSF1 production contributes to the maintenance of tissue-specific macrophage populations but is not saturating. CSF1 in the circulation is controlled primarily by receptor-mediated clearance by macrophages in liver and spleen. Administration of recombinant CSF1 to humans or animals leads to monocytosis and expansion of tissue macrophage populations and growth of the liver and spleen. In a wide variety of tissue injury models, CSF1 administration promotes monocyte infiltration, clearance of damaged cells and repair. We suggest that CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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42
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Batoon L, McCauley LK. Cross Talk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells in the Bone Metastatic Environment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763846. [PMID: 34803925 PMCID: PMC8597897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a common site for cancer metastases with the bone microenvironment providing the appropriate conditions for cancer cell colonization. Once in bone, cancer cells effectively manipulate their microenvironment to support their growth and survival. Despite previous efforts to improve treatment modalities, skeletal metastases remain with poor prognoses. This warrants an improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to bone metastasis that will aid development of effective treatments. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are termed tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their crosstalk with cancer cells is critical in regulating tumorigenicity in multiple cancers. In bone metastases, this crosstalk is also being increasingly implicated but the specific signaling pathways remain incompletely understood. Here, we summarize the reported functions, interactions, and signaling of macrophages with cancer cells during the metastatic cascade to bone. Specifically, we review and discuss how these specific interactions impact macrophages and their profiles to promote tumor development. We also discuss the potential of targeting this crosstalk to inhibit disease progression. Finally, we identify the remaining knowledge gaps that will need to be addressed in order to fully consider therapeutic targeting to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Bones and Immunology Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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43
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Lévesque JP, Summers KM, Bisht K, Millard SM, Winkler IG, Pettit AR. Macrophages form erythropoietic niches and regulate iron homeostasis to adapt erythropoiesis in response to infections and inflammation. Exp Hematol 2021; 103:1-14. [PMID: 34500024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of several stem cell niches orchestrating tissue formation during development, as well as postnatally, when they also organize the repair and regeneration of many tissues including the hemopoietic tissue. The fact that macrophages are also master regulators and effectors of innate immunity and inflammation allows them to coordinate hematopoietic response to infections, injuries, and inflammation. After recently reviewing the roles of phagocytes and macrophages in regulating normal and pathologic hematopoietic stem cell niches, we now focus on the key roles of macrophages in regulating erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis. We review herein the recent advances in understanding how macrophages at the center of erythroblastic islands form an erythropoietic niche that controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts into reticulocytes; how red pulp macrophages in the spleen control iron recycling and homeostasis; how these macrophages coordinate emergency erythropoiesis in response to blood loss, infections, and inflammation; and how persistent infections or inflammation can lead to anemia of inflammation via macrophages. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges associated with the molecular characterization of erythroid island macrophages and red pulp macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kavita Bisht
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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44
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Lévesque JP, Summers KM, Millard SM, Bisht K, Winkler IG, Pettit AR. Role of macrophages and phagocytes in orchestrating normal and pathologic hematopoietic niches. Exp Hematol 2021; 100:12-31.e1. [PMID: 34298116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) contains a mosaic of niches specialized in supporting different maturity stages of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid progenitors. Recent advances in BM imaging and conditional gene knockout mice have revealed that niches are a complex network of cells of mesenchymal, endothelial, neuronal, and hematopoietic origins, together with local physicochemical parameters. Within these complex structures, phagocytes, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, all of which are of hematopoietic origin, have been found to be important in regulating several niches in the BM, including hematopoietic stem cell niches, erythropoietic niches, and niches involved in endosteal bone formation. There is also increasing evidence that these macrophages have an important role in adapting hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and bone formation in response to inflammatory stressors and play a key part in maintaining the integrity and function of these. Likewise, there is also accumulating evidence that subsets of monocytes, macrophages, and other phagocytes contribute to the progression and response to treatment of several lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as lymphoblastic leukemia, and may also play a role in myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with Noonan syndrome and aplastic anemia. In this review, the potential functions of macrophages and other phagocytes in normal and pathologic niches are discussed, as are the challenges in studying BM and other tissue-resident macrophages at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kavita Bisht
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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45
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Guo L, Ikegawa S. From HDLS to BANDDOS: fast-expanding phenotypic spectrum of disorders caused by mutations in CSF1R. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:1139-1144. [PMID: 34135456 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) plays key roles in the development and function of the cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, including microglia and osteoclasts. It is well known that mono-allelic mutations of CSF1R cause hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS, OMIM # 221820), an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Recently, a more severe phenotypic spectrum has been identified in individuals with bi-allelic mutations of CSF1R. In addition to leukoencephalopathy of earlier onset than HDLS, the new disease shows brain malformations and skeletal dysplasia compatible with dysosteosclerosis (DOS), thus named "brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis" (BANDDOS, OMIM # 618476). In addition, some individuals with bi-allelic missense mutations of CSF1R have been found to present with incomplete BANDDOS where skeletal dysplasia is absent. In this review, we summarize the monogenic disorders caused by mutations in CSF1R and their mutational spectra, and propose a dose-dependent model to explain the complex genotype-phenotype association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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47
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Keshvari S, Caruso M, Teakle N, Batoon L, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Ferrari-Cestari M, Snell CE, Chen C, Stevenson A, Davis FM, Bush SJ, Pridans C, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Irvine KM, Hume DA. CSF1R-dependent macrophages control postnatal somatic growth and organ maturation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009605. [PMID: 34081701 PMCID: PMC8205168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutation of the Csf1r locus (Csf1rko) in mice, rats and humans leads to multiple postnatal developmental abnormalities. To enable analysis of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic impacts of Csf1r mutation, we bred a rat Csf1rko allele to the inbred dark agouti (DA) genetic background and to a Csf1r-mApple reporter transgene. The Csf1rko led to almost complete loss of embryonic macrophages and ablation of most adult tissue macrophage populations. We extended previous analysis of the Csf1rko phenotype to early postnatal development to reveal impacts on musculoskeletal development and proliferation and morphogenesis in multiple organs. Expression profiling of 3-week old wild-type (WT) and Csf1rko livers identified 2760 differentially expressed genes associated with the loss of macrophages, severe hypoplasia, delayed hepatocyte maturation, disrupted lipid metabolism and the IGF1/IGF binding protein system. Older Csf1rko rats developed severe hepatic steatosis. Consistent with the developmental delay in the liver Csf1rko rats had greatly-reduced circulating IGF1. Transfer of WT bone marrow (BM) cells at weaning without conditioning repopulated resident macrophages in all organs, including microglia in the brain, and reversed the mutant phenotypes enabling long term survival and fertility. WT BM transfer restored osteoclasts, eliminated osteopetrosis, restored bone marrow cellularity and architecture and reversed granulocytosis and B cell deficiency. Csf1rko rats had an elevated circulating CSF1 concentration which was rapidly reduced to WT levels following BM transfer. However, CD43hi non-classical monocytes, absent in the Csf1rko, were not rescued and bone marrow progenitors remained unresponsive to CSF1. The results demonstrate that the Csf1rko phenotype is autonomous to BM-derived cells and indicate that BM contains a progenitor of tissue macrophages distinct from hematopoietic stem cells. The model provides a unique system in which to define the pathways of development of resident tissue macrophages and their local and systemic roles in growth and organ maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Omkar L. Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Cameron E. Snell
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Alex Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Allison R. Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
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48
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Hume DA, Caruso M, Keshvari S, Patkar OL, Sehgal A, Bush SJ, Summers KM, Pridans C, Irvine KM. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System of the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2251-2263. [PMID: 33965905 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory rat continues to be the model of choice for many studies of physiology, behavior, and complex human diseases. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) are abundant residents in every tissue in the body and regulate postnatal development, homeostasis, and innate and acquired immunity. Recruitment and proliferation of MPS cells is an essential component of both initiation and resolution of inflammation. The large majority of current knowledge of MPS biology is derived from studies of inbred mice, but advances in technology and resources have eliminated many of the advantages of the mouse as a model. In this article, we review the tools available and the current state of knowledge of development, homeostasis, regulation, and diversity within the MPS of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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49
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Bijnen M, Bajénoff M. Gland Macrophages: Reciprocal Control and Function within Their Niche. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:120-136. [PMID: 33423933 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human body contains dozens of endocrine and exocrine glands, which regulate physiological processes by secreting hormones and other factors. Glands can be subdivided into contiguous tissue modules, each consisting of an interdependent network of cells that together perform particular tissue functions. Among those cells are macrophages, a diverse type of immune cells endowed with trophic functions. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how resident macrophages support tissue modules within glands via the creation of mutually beneficial cell-cell circuits. A better comprehension of gland macrophage function and local control within their niche is essential to achieve a refined understanding of gland physiology in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bijnen
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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50
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Kaur S, Sehgal A, Wu AC, Millard SM, Batoon L, Sandrock CJ, Ferrari-Cestari M, Levesque JP, Hume DA, Raggatt LJ, Pettit AR. Stable colony-stimulating factor 1 fusion protein treatment increases hematopoietic stem cell pool and enhances their mobilisation in mice. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:3. [PMID: 33402221 PMCID: PMC7786999 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior chemotherapy and/or underlying morbidity commonly leads to poor mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation in cancer patients. Increasing the number of available HSC prior to mobilisation is a potential strategy to overcome this deficiency. Resident bone marrow (BM) macrophages are essential for maintenance of niches that support HSC and enable engraftment in transplant recipients. Here we examined potential of donor treatment with modified recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) to influence the HSC niche and expand the HSC pool for autologous transplantation. Methods We administered an acute treatment regimen of CSF1 Fc fusion protein (CSF1-Fc, daily injection for 4 consecutive days) to naive C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment impacts on macrophage and HSC number, HSC function and overall hematopoiesis were assessed at both the predicted peak drug action and during post-treatment recovery. A serial treatment strategy using CSF1-Fc followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used to interrogate HSC mobilisation impacts. Outcomes were assessed by in situ imaging and ex vivo standard and imaging flow cytometry with functional validation by colony formation and competitive transplantation assay. Results CSF1-Fc treatment caused a transient expansion of monocyte-macrophage cells within BM and spleen at the expense of BM B lymphopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis. During the recovery phase after cessation of CSF1-Fc treatment, normalisation of hematopoiesis was accompanied by an increase in the total available HSPC pool. Multiple approaches confirmed that CD48−CD150+ HSC do not express the CSF1 receptor, ruling out direct action of CSF1-Fc on these cells. In the spleen, increased HSC was associated with expression of the BM HSC niche macrophage marker CD169 in red pulp macrophages, suggesting elevated spleen engraftment with CD48−CD150+ HSC was secondary to CSF1-Fc macrophage impacts. Competitive transplant assays demonstrated that pre-treatment of donors with CSF1-Fc increased the number and reconstitution potential of HSPC in blood following a HSC mobilising regimen of G-CSF treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that CSF1-Fc conditioning could represent a therapeutic strategy to overcome poor HSC mobilisation and subsequently improve HSC transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Andy C Wu
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheyenne J Sandrock
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Liza J Raggatt
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
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