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Iori S, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, D'Onofrio C, Maietti F, Mucignat G, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A, Pauletto M, Dacasto M, Giantin M. New insights into aflatoxin B1 mechanistic toxicology in cattle liver: an integrated approach using molecular docking and biological evaluation in CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 knockout BFH12 cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3097-3108. [PMID: 38834875 PMCID: PMC11324698 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a pro-carcinogenic compound bioactivated in the liver by cytochromes P450 (CYPs). In mammals, CYP1A and CYP3A are responsible for AFB1 metabolism, with the formation of the genotoxic carcinogens AFB1-8,9-epoxide and AFM1, and the detoxified metabolite AFQ1. Due to climate change, AFB1 cereals contamination arose in Europe. Thus, cattle, as other farm animals fed with grains (pig, sheep and broiler), are more likely exposed to AFB1 via feed with consequent release of AFM1 in milk, posing a great concern to human health. However, knowledge about bovine CYPs involved in AFB1 metabolism is still scanty. Therefore, CYP1A1- and CYP3A74-mediated molecular mechanisms of AFB1 hepatotoxicity were here dissected. Molecular docking of AFB1 into CYP1A1 model suggested AFB1 8,9-endo- and 8,9-exo-epoxide, and AFM1 formation, while docking of AFB1 into CYP3A74 pointed to AFB1 8,9-exo-epoxide and AFQ1 synthesis. To biologically confirm these predictions, CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 knockout (KO) BFH12 cell lines were exposed to AFB1. LC-MS/MS investigations showed the abolished production of AFM1 in CYP1A1 KO cells and the strong increase of parent AFB1 in CYP3A74 KO cells; the latter result, coupled to a decreased cytotoxicity, suggested the major role of CYP3A74 in AFB1 8,9-exo-epoxide formation. Finally, RNA-sequencing analysis indirectly proved lower AFB1-induced cytotoxic effects in engineered cells versus naïve ones. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge on AFB1 metabolism and hepatotoxicity in cattle, and it provides the weight of evidence that CYP1A1 and CYP3A74 inhibition might be exploited to reduce AFM1 and AFBO synthesis, AFB1 toxicity, and AFM1 milk excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Iori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Maija Lahtela-Kakkonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne 3, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caterina D'Onofrio
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Maietti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Greta Mucignat
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Padua, Italy.
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2
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Tariq M, Liu Y, Rizwan A, Shoukat CA, Aftab Q, Lu J, Zhang Y. Impact of elevated CO 2 on soil microbiota: A meta-analytical review of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175354. [PMID: 39117202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In the face of 21st-century challenges driven by population growth and resource depletion, understanding the intricacies of climate change is crucial for environmental sustainability. This review systematically explores the interaction between rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and soil microbial populations, with possible feedback effects on climate change and terrestrial carbon (C) cycling through a meta-analytical approach. Furthermore, it investigates the enzymatic activities related to carbon acquisition, gene expression patterns governing carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic dynamics in response to elevated CO2 levels. The study reveals that elevated CO2 levels substantially influence soil microbial communities, increasing microbial biomass C and respiration rate by 15 % and upregulating genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism by 12 %. Despite a 14 % increase in C-acquiring enzyme activity, there is a 5 % decrease in N-acquiring enzyme activity, indicating complex microbial responses to CO2 changes. Additionally, fungal marker ratios increase by 14 % compared to bacterial markers, indicating potential ecosystem changes. However, the current inadequacy of data on metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic processes underscores the need for further research. Understanding soil microbial feedback mechanisms is crucial for elucidating the role of rising CO2 levels in carbon sequestration and climate regulation. Consequently, future research should prioritize a comprehensive elucidation of soil microbial carbon cycling, greenhouse gas emission dynamics, and their underlying drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tariq
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuexian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ali Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chaudhary Ammar Shoukat
- Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qudsia Aftab
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
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Arce-López B, Coton M, Coton E, Hymery N. Occurrence of the two major regulated mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1, in cereal and cereal-based products in Europe and toxicological effects: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104489. [PMID: 38844151 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Among cereal contaminants, mycotoxins are of concern due to their importance in terms of food and feed safety. The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis for mycotoxicosis relies on the fact that the effects are most often subclinical for chronic exposure and the most common scenario is multi-contamination by various toxins. Mycotoxin co-occurrence is a major food safety concern as additive or even synergic toxic impacts may occur, but also regarding current regulations as they mainly concern individual mycotoxin levels in specific foods and feed in the food chain. However, due to the large number of possible mycotoxin combinations, there is still limited knowledge on co-exposure toxicity data, which depends on several parameters. In this context, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of the toxic effects of two regulated mycotoxins, namely ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. This review focused on the 2012-2022 period and analysed the occurrence in Europe of the selected mycotoxins in different food matrices (cereals and cereal-derived products), and their toxic impact, alone or in combination, on in vitro intestinal and hepatic human cells. To better understand and evaluate the associated risks, further research is needed using new approach methodologies (NAM), such as in vitro 3D models. KEY CONTRIBUTION: Cereals and their derived products are the most important food source for humans and feed for animals worldwide. This manuscript is a state of the art review of the literature over the last ten years on ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 mycotoxins in these products in Europe as well as their toxicological effects, alone and in combination, on human cells. Future perspectives and some challenges regarding the assessment of toxicological effects of mycotoxins are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Arce-López
- Univ. Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané F-29280, France
| | - Monika Coton
- Univ. Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané F-29280, France
| | - Emmanuel Coton
- Univ. Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané F-29280, France
| | - Nolwenn Hymery
- Univ. Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané F-29280, France.
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Antonietta Carrera M, Martinez Martinez JA, Hernando MD, Fernández-Alba AR. Simultaneous analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins in primary processed foods: The case of bee pollen. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33512. [PMID: 39040399 PMCID: PMC11260969 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Processed Foods are a class of food items that are ready for consumption after minimal processing in the supply chain. These products are ubiquitous in our daily diet, but so far a limited number of studies dealt with the optimization of quality control methods to check their content of contaminants. Among primary processed foods, bee pollen is a nutritionally acclaimed food supplement, whose contamination with pesticides and mycotoxins has been largely proven. For this reason, the present study aimed at optimizing for the first time a comprehensive LC-MS/MS method capable of analyzing 282 pesticides and 8 mycotoxins in bee pollen. To obtain a suitable method, two extraction procedures (QuEChERS and Accelerated Solvent Extraction), as well as different chromatographic gradients and columns, were tested. The optimized methodology, comprehending an extraction based on semi-automated QuEChERS, and an analytical method including inert LC column technology, was validated and applied to a sample set of 34 bee pollens. The analyzed samples collectively showed the presence of 41 pesticides and 1 mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Carrera
- Department of Desertification and Geo-ecology, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - José Antonio Martinez Martinez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hernando
- Department of Desertification and Geo-ecology, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
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5
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Sparling TM, Offner C, Deeney M, Denton P, Bash K, Juel R, Moore S, Kadiyala S. Intersections of Climate Change with Food Systems, Nutrition, and Health: An Overview and Evidence Map. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100274. [PMID: 39019218 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific research linking climate change to food systems, nutrition, and nutrition-related health (FSNH) has proliferated, showing bidirectional and compounding dependencies that create cascading risks for human and planetary health. Within this proliferation, it is unclear which evidence to prioritize for action and which research gaps, if filled, would catalyze the most impact. We systematically searched for synthesis literature (i.e., reviews) related to FSNH published after 1 January, 2018. We screened and extracted characteristics of these reviews and mapped them in an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) supplemented by expert consultation. Eight hundred forty-four synthesis reports met inclusion criteria (from 2739 records) and were included in the EGM. The largest clusters of reports were those describing climate impacts on crop and animal-source food production and emissions from such (86%). Comparatively few reports assessed climate change impacts on nutrition-related health or food manufacture, processing, storage, and transportation. Reports focused on strategies of climate adaptation (40%), mitigation (29%), both (19%), or none (12%). Only 1 quarter of reports critically evaluated equity (25%), and fewer reports suggested that changes to equity and equitable practices would alter climate-FSNH dynamics (6%). The expert consultation mirrored the results of the EGM and contextualized findings further. This novel map describes a wide research landscape linking climate change to FSNH. We identified 4 key research gaps: 1) research on whole food systems or postharvest elements; 2) research evaluating relationships between climate change and nutrition-related health outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations; 3) promising methods (and additional data required) that can i) identify inflection points or levers for intervention, ii) incorporate complex dynamics and characterize trade-offs, iii) be understood and applied in context-specific, localized ways for decision making; and 4) research undertaken through interdisciplinary collaborations that enables producing and translating evidence to action, especially those that inherently consider coproduction and fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Morrow Sparling
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia Offner
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Deeney
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kristin Bash
- Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Juel
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Moore
- Health Sciences, School of Business, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Suneetha Kadiyala
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Rangel-Muñoz EJ, Valdivia-Flores AG, Cruz-Vázquez C, de-Luna-López MC, Hernández-Valdivia E, Vitela-Mendoza I, Medina-Esparza L, Quezada-Tristán T. Increased Dissemination of Aflatoxin- and Zearalenone-Producing Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. during Wet Season via Houseflies on Dairy Farms in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:302. [PMID: 39057942 PMCID: PMC11281273 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Crops contamination with aflatoxins (AFs) and zearalenone (ZEA) threaten human and animal health; these mycotoxins are produced by several species of Aspergillus and Fusarium. The objective was to evaluate under field conditions the influence of the wet season on the dissemination of AF- and ZEA-producing fungi via houseflies collected from dairy farms. Ten dairy farms distributed in the semi-arid Central Mexican Plateau were selected. Flies were collected in wet and dry seasons at seven points on each farm using entomological traps. Fungi were isolated from fly carcasses via direct seeding with serial dilutions and wet chamber methods. The production of AFs and ZEA from pure isolates was quantified using indirect competitive ELISA. A total of 693 Aspergillus spp. and 1274 Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained, of which 58.6% produced AFs and 50.0% produced ZEA (491 ± 122; 2521 ± 1295 µg/kg). Houseflies and both fungal genera were invariably present, but compared to the dry season, there was a higher abundance of flies as well as AF- and ZEA-producing fungi in the wet season (p < 0.001; 45.3/231 flies/trap; 8.6/29.6% contaminated flies). These results suggest that rainy-weather conditions on dairy farms increase the spread of AF- and ZEA-producing Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. through houseflies and the incorporation of their mycotoxins into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Janet Rangel-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (E.J.R.-M.); (M.C.d.-L.-L.); (E.H.-V.); (T.Q.-T.)
| | - Arturo Gerardo Valdivia-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (E.J.R.-M.); (M.C.d.-L.-L.); (E.H.-V.); (T.Q.-T.)
| | - Carlos Cruz-Vázquez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km 18 carretera Aguascalientes—San Luis Potosí, El Llano, Aguascalientes 20330, Mexico; (C.C.-V.); (I.V.-M.)
| | - María Carolina de-Luna-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (E.J.R.-M.); (M.C.d.-L.-L.); (E.H.-V.); (T.Q.-T.)
| | - Emmanuel Hernández-Valdivia
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (E.J.R.-M.); (M.C.d.-L.-L.); (E.H.-V.); (T.Q.-T.)
| | - Irene Vitela-Mendoza
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km 18 carretera Aguascalientes—San Luis Potosí, El Llano, Aguascalientes 20330, Mexico; (C.C.-V.); (I.V.-M.)
| | - Leticia Medina-Esparza
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km 18 carretera Aguascalientes—San Luis Potosí, El Llano, Aguascalientes 20330, Mexico; (C.C.-V.); (I.V.-M.)
| | - Teódulo Quezada-Tristán
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (E.J.R.-M.); (M.C.d.-L.-L.); (E.H.-V.); (T.Q.-T.)
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7
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Sarver RW, Kostin AT, Strong BF. Analytical Determination of Aflatoxin in Ground Corn Check Samples Completed by Multiple Laboratories over Several Years. Foods 2024; 13:1918. [PMID: 38928860 PMCID: PMC11202550 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic molecules produced by multiple fungal species, including Aspergillus and Fusarium. Fungal infection of crops can result in mycotoxins entering the animal and human food supply. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and other immunological assays have been developed to detect mycotoxins in foods. To calibrate the response of those methods, reference materials with known amounts of homogeneously dispersed mycotoxins are often utilized, where the mycotoxin concentrations have been determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with absorbance or fluorescence detection methods, or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection methods. Therefore, it is important that the analytical methods provide accurate and precise quantitation of mycotoxins. The reference materials must also contain homogeneously dispersed known quantities of mycotoxin. To evaluate the accuracy and precision of mycotoxin reference materials and the analytical methods, quantitative results from multiple laboratories were completed each year for several years on ground corn check samples containing known levels of mycotoxins. Results for the quantitation of aflatoxin-containing corn reference samples are presented in this article.
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8
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Su Y, Ngea GLN, Wang K, Lu Y, Godana EA, Ackah M, Yang Q, Zhang H. Deciphering the mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligases in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses and perspectives on PROTACs for crop resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38864414 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
With global climate change, it is essential to find strategies to make crops more resistant to different stresses and guarantee food security worldwide. E3 ubiquitin ligases are critical regulatory elements that are gaining importance due to their role in selecting proteins for degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis pathway. The role of E3 Ub ligases has been demonstrated in numerous cellular processes in plants responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. E3 Ub ligases are considered a class of proteins that are difficult to control by conventional inhibitors, as they lack a standard active site with pocket, and their biological activity is mainly due to protein-protein interactions with transient conformational changes. Proteolysis-targeted chimeras (PROTACs) are a new class of heterobifunctional molecules that have emerged in recent years as relevant alternatives for incurable human diseases like cancer because they can target recalcitrant proteins for destruction. PROTACs interact with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, principally the E3 Ub ligase in the cell, and facilitate proteasome turnover of the proteins of interest. PROTAC strategies harness the essential functions of E3 Ub ligases for proteasomal degradation of proteins involved in dysfunction. This review examines critical advances in E3 Ub ligase research in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It highlights how PROTACs can be applied to target proteins involved in plant stress response to mitigate pathogenic agents and environmental adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuchun Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Nizamani MM, Hughes AC, Zhang HL, Wang Y. Revolutionizing agriculture with nanotechnology: Innovative approaches in fungal disease management and plant health monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172473. [PMID: 38615773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in modern agriculture, offering innovative solutions to address challenges related to fungal plant diseases and overall agricultural productivity. Specifically, the antifungal activities of metal, metal oxide, bio-nanoparticles, and polymer nanoparticles were examined, highlighting their unique mechanisms of action against fungal pathogens. Nanoparticles can be used as carriers for fungicides, offering advantages in controlled release, targeted delivery, and reduced environmental toxicity. Nano-pesticides and nano-fertilizers can enhance nutrient uptake, plant health, and disease resistance were explored. The development of nanosensors, especially those utilizing quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles, promises early and accurate detection of fungal pathogens, a crucial step in timely disease management. However, concerns about their potential toxic effects on non-target organisms, environmental impacts, and regulatory hurdles underscore the importance of rigorous research and impact assessments. The review concludes by emphasizing the significant prospects of nanotechnology in reshaping the future of agriculture but advocates for a balanced approach that prioritizes safety, sustainability, and environmental stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Li Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Sim KH, Ho J, Lim JQ, Chan SH, Li A, Chng KR. A metagenomics-based workflow for the detection and genomic characterization of GBS in raw freshwater fish. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0327623. [PMID: 38712931 PMCID: PMC11237576 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03276-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The unexpected foodborne outbreak in Singapore in 2015 has accentuated Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) sequence type 283 as an emerging foodborne pathogen transmitted via the consumption of contaminated raw freshwater fish. Isolation-based workflows utilizing conventional microbiological and whole-genome sequencing methods are commonly used to support biosurveillance efforts critical for the control management of this emerging foodborne pathogen. However, these isolation-based workflows tend to have relatively long turnaround times that hamper a timely response for implementing risk mitigation. To address this gap, we have developed a metagenomics-based workflow for the simultaneous detection and genomic characterization of GBS in raw freshwater fish. Notably, our validation results showed that this metagenomics-based workflow could achieve comparable accuracy and potentially better detection limits while halving the turnaround time (from 2 weeks to 5 days) relative to an isolation-based workflow. The metagenomics-based workflow was also successfully adapted for use on a portable long-read nanopore sequencer, demonstrating its potential applicability for real-time point-of-need testing. Using GBS in freshwater fish as an example, this work represents a proof-of-concept study that supports the feasibility and validity of metagenomics as a rapid and accurate test methodology for the detection and genomic characterization of foodborne pathogens in complex food matrices. IMPORTANCE The need for a rapid and accurate food microbiological testing method is apparent for a timely and effective foodborne outbreak response. This is particularly relevant for emerging foodborne pathogens such as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) whose associated food safety risk might be undercharacterized. By using GBS in raw freshwater fish as a case example, this study describes the development of a metagenomics-based workflow for rapid food microbiological safety testing and surveillance. This study can inform as a working model for various foodborne pathogens in other complex food matrices, paving the way for future methodological development of metagenomics for food microbiological safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Hwan Sim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaying Ho
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Qi Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kern Rei Chng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Sideroglou T, Chrysostomou A, Politi L, Georgalis L, Mellou K. Gastroenteritis Outbreaks after Contamination of Water Supply Systems: Public Health Response Gaps and Challenges, Greece, 2004-2023. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:701. [PMID: 38928947 PMCID: PMC11203888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND waterborne disease outbreaks (WGDOs) following the contamination of drinking water remain a public health concern. METHODS The current study aims to assess the occurrence and identify gaps in the notification and investigation of WGDOs in Greece. Data for 2004-2023 were retrieved and summarized. RESULTS Thirty-five outbreaks with 6128 recorded cases were identified. The median time from the date of onset in the first cases to reporting was 7 days (range: 1-26 days). Authorities were informed by health care services in thirty (85.7%) outbreaks and by the media in five (14.3%). The investigation methods used varied. An analytical study was conducted in nine (25.7%) outbreaks and the testing of clinical samples in twenty-seven (77.1%). In three (11.1%) outbreaks, clinical samples were simultaneously tested for multiple bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Water samples were collected in nineteen (54.3%) outbreaks (in three after chlorination) with a mean time lag of 5 days (range: 1-20 days) from the first cases. A pathogen in clinical samples was identified in 20 (57.1%) outbreaks and, in 1 (6.25%), the same microorganism was isolated in both clinical and water samples. CONCLUSIONS delays in reporting and the heterogeneity of investigations depict that the surveillance of WGDOs and response practices should be strengthened, and operational procedures should be standardised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theologia Sideroglou
- Department of Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases, Directorate of Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Anthi Chrysostomou
- Department of Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases, Directorate of Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Lida Politi
- Department of Microbial Resistance and Infections in Health Care Settings, Directorate of Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Leonidas Georgalis
- Department of Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases, Directorate of Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Kassiani Mellou
- Directorate of Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece
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12
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Charusalaipong P, Gordon MJ, Cantlay L, De Souza N, Horgan GW, Bates R, Gratz SW. Frequent Dietary Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in UK Children and Its Association with Dietary Intake. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:251. [PMID: 38922145 PMCID: PMC11209425 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are potent fungal toxins that frequently contaminate agricultural crops and foods. Mycotoxin exposure is frequently reported in humans, and children are known to be particularly at risk of exceeding safe levels of exposure. Urinary biomonitoring is used to assess overall dietary exposure to multiple mycotoxins. This study aims to quantify multi-mycotoxin exposure in UK children and to identify major food groups contributing to exposure. Four repeat urine samples were collected from 29 children (13 boys and 16 girls, aged 2.4-6.8 years), and food diaries were recorded to assess their exposure to eleven mycotoxins. Urine samples (n = 114) were hydrolysed with β-glucuronidase, enriched through immunoaffinity columns and analysed by LC-MS/MS for deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2/HT-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins. Food diaries were analysed using WinDiet software, and the daily intake of high-risk foods for mycotoxin contamination summarised. The most prevalent mycotoxins found in urine samples were DON (95.6% of all samples), OTA (88.6%), HT-2 toxin (53.5%), ZEN (48.2%) and NIV (26.3%). Intake of total cereal-based foods was strongly positively associated with urinary levels of DON and T-2/HT-2 and oat intake with urinary T-2/HT-2. Average daily mycotoxin excretion ranged from 12.10 µg/d (DON) to 0.03 µg/d (OTA), and co-exposure to three or more mycotoxins was found in 66% of samples. Comparing mycotoxin intake estimates to tolerable daily intakes (TDI) demonstrates frequent TDI exceedances (DON 34.2% of all samples, T-2/HT-2 14.9%, NIV 4.4% and ZEN 5.2%). OTA was frequently detected at low levels. When mean daily OTA intake was compared to the reference value for non-neoplastic lesions, the resulting Margin of Exposure (MoE) of 65 was narrow, indicating a health concern. In conclusion, this study demonstrates frequent exposure of UK children to multiple mycotoxins at levels high enough to pose a health concern if exposure is continuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praosiri Charusalaipong
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.C.); (M.-J.G.); (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Margaret-Jane Gordon
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.C.); (M.-J.G.); (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Louise Cantlay
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.C.); (M.-J.G.); (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Nicosha De Souza
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.S.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Graham W. Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (N.D.S.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Ruth Bates
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.C.); (M.-J.G.); (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Silvia W. Gratz
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (P.C.); (M.-J.G.); (L.C.); (R.B.)
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13
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Ssekkadde P, Tomberge VMJ, Brugger C, Atuhaire A, Dalvie MA, Rother HA, Röösli M, Inauen J, Fuhrimann S. Evaluating and Enhancing an Educational Intervention to Reduce Smallholder Farmers' Exposure to Pesticides in Uganda Through a Digital, Systematic Approach to Behavior Change: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55238. [PMID: 38718387 PMCID: PMC11112482 DOI: 10.2196/55238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smallholder farmers receive educational interventions on safe pesticide handling by governmental agencies, industries, or nongovernmental organizations to reduce exposure risks. However, existing educational interventions have limited effects on changing behaviors. Targeting psychosocial determinants of behavior change in educational interventions through theory- and evidence-based approaches may enhance their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE We aim at describing the intervention development and study design of a 3-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess the effects in improving safe pesticide handling and reducing pesticide exposure of (1) an existing educational intervention and (2) a newly developed SMS text messaging intervention based on the Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) behavior change approach. METHODS We enrolled 539 Ugandan smallholder farmers in 12 clusters (subcounties). The clusters, each with 45 farmers, were randomly allocated to one of the three arms: (1) educational intervention, (2) educational intervention+RANAS-based SMS text messages, or (3) control group. The educational intervention comprised a 2-day workshop that targeted multiple aspects of safe pesticide handling, whereas the SMS text messages targeted the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and were based on the RANAS approach. For intervention development in this study, this approach includes identifying psychosocial determinants of PPE use at baseline and selecting behavior change techniques to target them in SMS text messages. The primary outcomes of the study are (1) pesticide knowledge, attitude, and practice scores indicating performance throughout the educational intervention; and (2) frequency of PPE use. Secondary outcomes are the RANAS-based behavioral determinants of PPE use, the frequency of glove use, algorithm-based pesticide exposure intensity scores, and signs and symptoms of pesticide poisoning. The outcomes were assessed in structured interviews before the intervention (baseline) and at the 12-month follow-up. The effect of the interventions among the arms will be analyzed using the intervention arms and baseline measures as predictors and the follow-up measures as outcomes in linear multivariable mixed models including the clusters as random effects. The mediating psychosocial determinants of the interventions will be assessed in multiple mediation models. RESULTS The study was conducted from 2020 to 2021-baseline interviews were conducted in October 2020, and the educational intervention was delivered in November 2020. The RANAS-based SMS text messages were developed based on the baseline data for relevant behavioral determinants of PPE use and sent between February 2021 and September 2021. Follow-up interviews were conducted in October 2021. Overall, 539 farmers were enrolled in the study at baseline; 8.3% (45/539) were lost to follow-up by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS This study will contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness and behavior change mechanisms of educational interventions by using an experimental, cluster-randomized study design to improve pesticide handling among smallholder farmers. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 18237656; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18237656. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ssekkadde
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vica Marie Jelena Tomberge
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Brugger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Inauen
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Drakopoulou SK, Kokolakis SE, Karagiannidis AL, Dasenaki ME, Maragou NC, Thomaidis NS. A comprehensive HRMS methodology using LC-(ESI)-/GC-(APCI)-QTOF MS complementary platforms for wide-scope target screening of >750 pesticides in olive oil. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2684-2692. [PMID: 38623768 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the development and validation of a comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methodology for the detection of 771 pesticides in olive oil, using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization, operating in positive and negative mode, and gas chromatography with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization in positive mode, both coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-(ESI)-/GC-(APCI)-QTOF MS). Special reference is made to the post-acquisition evaluation step, in which all LC/GC-HRMS analytical evidence (i.e. mass accuracy, retention time, isotopic pattern, MS/MS fragmentation) is taken into account in order to successfully identify the compounds. The sample preparation of the method involves a QuEChERS-based protocol, common for both techniques, differentiated only on the reconstitution step, making the method highly applicable in routine analysis. A smart evaluation of method's performance was carried out, with 65 representative analytes comprising the validation set. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, matrix effect and precision, while the limits of detection and quantification of the method were estimated. Finally, twenty Greek olive oil samples were analysed in both analytical platforms and the findings included the pesticides lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl and esprocarb at low ng g-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefanos E Kokolakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Apostolos L Karagiannidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marilena E Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Niki C Maragou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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15
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Sun L, Chen W, Shang L, Li J, Hou T, Li B. Regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism and application based on the colloidal nutrition science properties of konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121849. [PMID: 38388033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hydration properties, adsorption properties, rheological properties, have an important influence on the physiological process of host digestion and absorption, leading to the differences in satiety and glucose and lipid metabolisms. Based on the diversified physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM), it is meaningful to review the relationship of structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and glycose and lipid metabolism. Firstly, this paper bypassed the category of intestinal microbes, and explained the potential of dietary fiber in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism during nutrient digestion and absorption from the perspective of colloidal nutrition. Secondly, the modification methods of KGM to regulate its physicochemical properties were discussed and the relationship between KGM's molecular structure types and glycose and lipid metabolism were summarized. Finally, based on the characteristics of KGM, the application of KGM in the main material and ingredients of fat reduction food was reviewed. We hope this work could provide theoretical basis for the study of dietary fiber colloid nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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16
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Corrente A, Pace MC, Fiore M. Climate change and human health: Last call to arms for us. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1870-1874. [PMID: 38660546 PMCID: PMC11036518 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change, now the foremost global health hazard, poses multifaceted challenges to human health. This editorial elucidates the extensive impact of climate change on health, emphasising the increasing burden of diseases and the exacerbation of health disparities. It highlights the critical role of the healthcare sector, particularly anaesthesia, in both contributing to and mitigating climate change. It is a call to action for the medical community to recognise and respond to the health challenges posed by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Corrente
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, The Anastasia Guerriero Hospital, Marcianise 81025, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
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17
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Furlong EB, Buffon JG, Cerqueira MB, Kupski L. Mitigation of Mycotoxins in Food-Is It Possible? Foods 2024; 13:1112. [PMID: 38611416 PMCID: PMC11011883 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Among microorganisms found in food, fungi stand out because they are adaptable and competitive in a large range of water activities, temperatures, pHs, humidities and substrate types. Besides sporulating, some species are toxigenic and produce toxic metabolites, mycotoxins, under adverse biotic and abiotic variables. Microorganisms are inactivated along the food chain, but mycotoxins have stable structures and remain in ready-to-eat food. The most prevalent mycotoxins in food, which are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, tenuazonic acid, trichothecenes and zearalenone, have maximum tolerable limits (MTLs) defined as ppb and ppt by official organizations. The chronic and acute toxicities of mycotoxins and their stability are different in a chemical family. This critical review aims to discuss promising scientific research that successfully mitigated levels of mycotoxins and focus the results of our research group on this issue. It highlights the application of natural antifungal compounds, combinations of management, processing parameters and emergent technologies, and their role in reducing the levels and bioaccessibility. Despite good crop management and processing practices, total decontamination is almost impossible. Experimental evidence has shown that exposure to mycotoxins may be mitigated. However, multidisciplinary efforts need to be made to improve the applicability of successful techniques in the food supply chain to avoid mycotoxins' impact on global food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larine Kupski
- Laboratory of Mycotoxins and Food Science (LAMCA), School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (E.B.F.); (J.G.B.); (M.B.C.)
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18
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Modrzewska M, Popowski D, Błaszczyk L, Stępień Ł, Urbaniak M, Bryła M, Cramer B, Humpf HU, Twarużek M. Antagonistic properties against Fusarium sporotrichioides and glycosylation of HT-2 and T-2 toxins by selected Trichoderma strains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5865. [PMID: 38467671 PMCID: PMC10928170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the ability of Trichoderma to combat F. sporotrichioides, focusing on their antagonistic properties. Tests showed that Trichoderma effectively inhibited F. sporotrichioides mycelial growth, particularly with T. atroviride strains. In co-cultures on rice grains, Trichoderma almost completely reduced the biosynthesis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium. T-2 toxin-α-glucoside (T-2-3α-G), HT-2 toxin-α-glucoside (HT-2-3α-G), and HT-2 toxin-β-glucoside (HT-2-3β-G) were observed in the common culture medium, while these substances were not present in the control medium. The study also revealed unique metabolites and varying metabolomic profiles in joint cultures of Trichoderma and Fusarium, suggesting complex interactions. This research offers insights into the processes of biocontrol by Trichoderma, highlighting its potential as a sustainable solution for managing cereal plant pathogens and ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Modrzewska
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Popowski
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- Plant Microbiomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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19
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Babangida AA, Uddin A, Stephen KT, Yusuf BA, Zhang L, Ge D. A Roadmap from Functional Materials to Plant Health Monitoring (PHM). Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300283. [PMID: 37815087 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics have great potential for the early diagnosis of plant diseases and the mitigation of adverse outcomes such as reduced crop yields and stunted growth. Over the past decade, bioelectronic interfaces have evolved into miniaturized conformal electronic devices that integrate flexible monitoring systems with advanced electronic functionality. This development is largely attributable to advances in materials science, and micro/nanofabrication technology. The approach uses the mechanical and electronic properties of functional materials (polymer substrates and sensing elements) to create interfaces for plant monitoring. In addition to ensuring biocompatibility, several other factors need to be considered when developing these interfaces. These include the choice of materials, fabrication techniques, precision, electrical performance, and mechanical stability. In this review, some of the benefits plants can derive from several of the materials used to develop soft bioelectronic interfaces are discussed. The article describes how they can be used to create biocompatible monitoring devices that can enhance plant growth and health. Evaluation of these devices also takes into account features that ensure their long-term durability, sensitivity, and reliability. This article concludes with a discussion of the development of reliable soft bioelectronic systems for plants, which has the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar A Babangida
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Azim Uddin
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kukwi Tissan Stephen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bashir Adegbemiga Yusuf
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214126, China
| | - Daohan Ge
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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20
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Gianfredi V, Mazziotta F, Clerici G, Astorri E, Oliani F, Cappellina M, Catalini A, Dell’Osso BM, Pregliasco FE, Castaldi S, Benatti B. Climate Change Perception and Mental Health. Results from a Systematic Review of the Literature. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:215-229. [PMID: 38248134 PMCID: PMC10814599 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the main global challenges and influences various aspects of human health. Numerous studies have indeed demonstrated an association between extreme climate-related events and physical and mental health outcomes, but little is still known about the association between the perception/awareness of climate change and mental health. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. The included studies were original observational studies published in English, reporting the association between the perception/awareness of climate change and mental health. A total of 3018 articles were identified. A total of 10 observational studies were included. The period covered in the included studies ranged between 2012 and 2022. Climate change perception is consistently associated with adverse mental health effects across different types of estimates. In particular, the studies identified an association between a higher level of perception/awareness of climate change and depression, anxiety, eco-anxiety, stress, adjustment disorder, substance use, dysphoria, and even thoughts of suicide. Qualitative data underscore the impact on daily activities, contributing to feelings of loss and suicidal ideation. Moreover, climate change perception correlates with lower well-being and resilience. The association between awareness of climate change and mental health is a complex and still poorly explored phenomenon. The main limitations are the high heterogeneity in terms of exposure assessment and data reporting, which hinders quantitative analysis. These results show that climate change perception impacts mental health. Better understanding the phenomenon represents an opportunity to inform public health interventions that promote mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesco Mazziotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Giovanna Clerici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Elisa Astorri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesco Oliani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Martina Cappellina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Catalini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Maria Dell’Osso
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (B.M.D.)
- Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ernesto Pregliasco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.); (E.A.); (F.O.); (M.C.); (F.E.P.); (S.C.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Benatti
- “Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (B.M.D.)
- Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Macioszek VK, Marciniak P, Kononowicz AK. Impact of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Survival and Phenolics Content-A Case Study in a Horticulture Farm in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 38133299 PMCID: PMC10747159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cause of a prevalent and destructive disease that attacks many horticultural food crops, such as lettuce. This soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen causes significant economic losses in worldwide lettuce production annually. Furthermore, current methods utilized for management and combatting the disease, such as biocontrol, are insufficient. In this study, three cultivars of lettuce (one Crispy and two Leafy cultivars of red and green lettuce) were grown in central Poland (Lodz Voivodeship), a widely known Polish horticultural region. In the summer and early autumn, lettuce cultivars were grown in control and S. sclerotiorum-infected fields. The lettuce cultivars (Templin, Lollo Rossa, and Lollo Bionda) differed phenotypically and in terms of the survival of the fungal infection. The Crispy iceberg Templin was the most susceptible to S. sclerotiorum infection compared to the other cultivars during both vegetation seasons. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins varied among cultivars and fluctuated during infection. Moreover, phenolic content was affected by vegetation season with alterable environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, and pH. The most increased levels of phenolics, both flavonoids and anthocyanins in infected plants, were observed in the Leafy red Lollo Rossa cultivar in both crops. However, the highest survival/resistance to the fungus was noticed for Lollo Rossa in the summer crop and Lollo Bionda in the autumn crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Katarzyna Macioszek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Marciniak
- Wiesław and Izabela Królikiewicz Horticulture Market Farm, 97-306 Majków Średni, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kiejstut Kononowicz
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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Ramos Guerrero FG, Signorini M, Garre A, Sant'Ana AS, Ramos Gorbeña JC, Silva Jaimes MI. Quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment caused by fungi in sports drinks through multilevel modelling. Food Microbiol 2023; 116:104368. [PMID: 37689415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The risk of fungal spoilage of sports drinks produced in the beverage industry was assessed using quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment (QMSRA). The most relevant pathway was the contamination of the bottles during packaging by mould spores in the air. Mould spores' concentration was estimated by longitudinal sampling for 6 years (936 samples) in different production areas and seasons. This data was analysed using a multilevel model that separates the natural variability in spore concentration (as a function of sampling year, season, and area) and the uncertainty of the sampling method. Then, the expected fungal contamination per bottle was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, considering their settling velocity and the time and exposure area. The product's shelf life was estimated through the inoculation of bottles with mould spores, following the determination of the probability of visual spoilage as a function of storage time at 20 and 30 °C using logistic regression. The Monte Carlo model estimated low expected spore contamination in the product (1.7 × 10-6 CFU/bottle). Nonetheless, the risk of spoilage is still relevant due to the large production volume and because, as observed experimentally, even a single spore has a high spoilage potential. The applicability of the QMSRA during daily production was made possible through the simplification of the model under the hypothesis that no bottle will be contaminated by more than one spore. This simplification allows the calculation of a two-dimensional performance objective that combines the spore concentration in the air and the exposure time, defining "acceptable combinations" according to an acceptable level of spoilage (ALOS; the proportion of spoiled bottles). The implementation of the model at the operational level was done through the representation of the simplified model as a two-dimensional diagram that defines acceptable and unacceptable areas. The innovative methodology employed here for defining and simplifying QMSRA models can be a blueprint for future studies aiming to quantify the risk of spoilage of other beverages with a similar scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix G Ramos Guerrero
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación de Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 1, Peru.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805 (3080), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Garre
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (ETSIA), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan C Ramos Gorbeña
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru
| | - Marcial I Silva Jaimes
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Peru
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23
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Shang H, Tan BZ, Dakwa V, D'Agnese E, Stanley RA, Sassi H, Lai YW, Deaker R, Bowman JP. Effect of pre-harvest sanitizer treatments on Listeria survival, sensory quality and bacterial community dynamics on leafy green vegetables grown under commercial conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113341. [PMID: 37803650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Leafy green vegetables (LGVs) have large surface areas and can be colonized by various microorganisms including pathogens. In this study, we investigated the effect of pre-harvest sanitizer treatments on the survival of inoculated proxy pathogen Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and the natural microbial community of mizuna, rocket (arugula), red chard and spinach grown under commercial conditions. Electrolyzed water (e-water), peracetic acid (PAA), and 1-bromo-3-chloro-5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) were tested against water controls. We also observed the subsequent sensorial changes of harvested, bagged LGV leaves over a period of 12 days within chill storage alongside the growth, diversity and structure of bacterial populations determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and total viable counts (TVC). Treatment with PAA resulted in the highest reductions of L. innocua (2.4-5.5 log units) compared to the other treatments (0.25-2.5 log units). On day 0 (24 h after sanitizer application), the TVC on sanitizer treated LGVs were significantly reduced compared to water controls, except for rocket. During storage at 4.5 (±0.5)°C sanitisers only hindered microbial growth on LGVs initially and did not influence final bacterial population levels, growth rates or changes in LGV sample colour, decay, odour and texture compared to water controls. Shelf-life was not extended nor was it reduced. The community structure on LGV types differed though a core set of bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were present across all samples. No significant differences were observed in bacterial diversity between sanitizer treatments, however sanitizer treated LGV samples had initially reduced diversity compared to water treated samples. The bacterial compositions observed at the end point of storage considerably differed from what was observed at initial point owing to the increase in abundance of specific bacterial taxa, mainly Pseudomonas spp., the abundance and growth responses differing between LGV types studied. This study provides a better understanding on the microbiology and sensory impact of pre-harvest applied sanitiser treatments on different LGVs destined for commercial food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Shang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, F22 - LEES Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Bi Zheng Tan
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vongai Dakwa
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Erin D'Agnese
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Roger A Stanley
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Hannah Sassi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, F22 - LEES Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Lai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, F22 - LEES Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosalind Deaker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, F22 - LEES Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John P Bowman
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia.
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Wu J, Gathman RJ, Quintanilla Portillo J, Gaulke C, Kim M, Stasiewicz MJ. Aggregative Soil Sampling Using Boot Covers Compared to Soil Grabs From Commercial Romaine Fields Shows Similar Indicator Organism and Microbial Community Recoveries. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100177. [PMID: 37805043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregative boot cover sampling may be a more representative, practical, and powerful method for preharvest produce soil testing than grab sampling because boot covers aggregate soil from larger areas. Our study tests if boot cover sampling results reflect quality and safety indicator organisms and community diversity of grab sampling. We collected soil samples from commercial romaine lettuce fields spanning 5060 m2 using boot covers (n = 28, m = 1.1 ± 0.4 g; wearing boot covers and walking along the path), composite grabs (n = 28, m = 231 ± 24 g; consisting of 60 grabs of 3-5 g each), and high-resolution grabs (n = 72, m = 56 ± 4 g; taking one sample per stratum). Means and standard deviations of log-transformed aerobic plate counts (APCs) were 7.0 ± 0.3, 7.1 ± 0.2, and 7.3 ± 0.2 log(CFU/g) for boot covers, composite grabs, and high-resolution grabs, respectively. APCs did not show biologically meaningful differences between sample types. Boot covers recovered on average 0.6 log(CFU/g) more total coliforms than both grabs (p < 0.001) where means and standard deviations of log-transformed counts were 3.2 ± 1.0, 2.6 ± 0.6, and 2.6 ± 1.0 log(CFU/g) for boot covers, composite grabs, and high-resolution grabs, respectively. There were no generic E. coli detected in any sample by enumeration methods with LODs of 1.3-2.1 log(CFU/g) for boot covers and 0.5 log(CFU/g) for both grabs. By 16S rRNA sequencing, community species diversity (alpha diversity) was not significantly different within collection methods. While communities differed (p < 0.001) between soil sampling methods (beta diversity), variance in microbial communities was not significantly different. Of the 28 phyla and 297 genera detected, 25 phyla (89%) and 258 genera (87%) were found by all methods. Overall, aggregative boot cover sampling is similar to both grab methods for recovering quality and safety indicator organisms and representative microbiomes. This justifies future work testing aggregative soil sampling for foodborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rachel J Gathman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jorge Quintanilla Portillo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher Gaulke
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Personalized Nutrition Initiative, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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25
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Radić B, Radović R, Janić Hajnal E, Mandić A, Đekić S, Stojanović Z, Kos J. Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:634. [PMID: 37999497 PMCID: PMC10675640 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Moniliformin (MON) represents one of the most widespread emerging mycotoxins, whose presence in food and feed can potentially cause harmful effects on the health of both the public and animals. In order to investigate MON occurrence, a total of four hundred (n = 400) samples of unprocessed maize were sampled from different regions (Bačka, Banat, and Srem) of Serbia during a period of four years (2018-2021) and were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The influence of regional differences and variations from year to year in terms of weather conditions on the occurrence of MON was also assessed. The obtained validation parameters indicated that the LC-MS/MS method is applicable to the determination of MON in maize samples. It can be observed from the acquired findings that all samples were contaminated with MON, while concentration levels varied between the samples, especially from different sampling years. The maize samples showed the greatest levels of MON concentration during the dry and hot climatic conditions experienced in 2021. In maize samples harvested in the period 2018-2020, the MON concentration levels detected were about two to three times lower compared to the year 2021. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation into the correlation between weather conditions and the occurrence of MON in maize grown in Serbia was undertaken by reviewing the outcomes of research undertaken in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Radić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.R.); (E.J.H.); (A.M.); (J.K.)
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Radmila Radović
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.R.); (E.J.H.); (A.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Elizabet Janić Hajnal
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.R.); (E.J.H.); (A.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Anamarija Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.R.); (E.J.H.); (A.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanja Đekić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Sudentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Zorica Stojanović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Kos
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.R.); (E.J.H.); (A.M.); (J.K.)
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Siri Y, Precha N, Sirikanchana K, Haramoto E, Makkaew P. Antimicrobial resistance in southeast Asian water environments: A systematic review of current evidence and future research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165229. [PMID: 37394072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been a serious and complex issue for over a decade. Although research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has mainly focused on clinical and animal samples as essential for treatment, the AMR situation in aquatic environments may vary and have complicated patterns according to geographical area. Therefore, this study aimed to examine recent literature on the current situation and identify gaps in the AMR research on freshwater, seawater, and wastewater in Southeast Asia. The PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for relevant publications published from January 2013 to June 2023 that focused on antimicrobial resistance bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among water sources. Based on the inclusion criteria, the final screening included 41 studies, with acceptable agreement assessed using Cohen's inter-examiner kappa equal to 0.866. This review found that 23 out of 41 included studies investigated ARGs and ARB reservoirs in freshwater rather than in seawater and wastewater, and it frequently found that Escherichia coli was a predominant indicator in AMR detection conducted by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Different ARGs, such as blaTEM, sul1, and tetA genes, were found to be at a high prevalence in wastewater, freshwater, and seawater. Existing evidence highlights the importance of wastewater management and constant water monitoring in preventing AMR dissemination and strengthening effective mitigation strategies. This review may be beneficial for updating current evidence and providing a framework for spreading ARB and ARGs, particularly region-specific water sources. Future AMR research should include samples from various water systems, such as drinking water or seawater, to generate contextually appropriate results. Robust evidence regarding standard detection methods is required for prospective-era work to raise practical policies and alerts for developing microbial source tracking and identifying sources of contamination-specific indicators in aquatic environment markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadpiroon Siri
- Environmental, Safety Technology and Health Program, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Nopadol Precha
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Eiji Haramoto
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Prasert Makkaew
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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27
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Tang X, Sun F, Zhang N, Rana BB, Kharel R, Luo P, Si H. RNA-seq provides insights into potato deubiquitinase responses to drought stress in seedling stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268448. [PMID: 37780518 PMCID: PMC10539648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a specific protein degradation and reversible post-translational modification process that can be reversed by deubiquitinase (DUBs). DUBs can hydrolyze and release ubiquitin in the substrate protein so that the substrate can avoid degradation or change its activity, and it has an impact on plant growth and development, cell cycle, abiotic stress response, and other biological processes. Transcript sequences of potato varieties "DM1-3", "Atlantic" and "Cooperation-88" downloaded from Potato Genome Resources were used for genome-wide identification of the DUB gene family using Hidden Markov Models and verified in the NCBI CD-Search tool. The characteristics of DUB genes from different potato varieties were analyzed including subcellular localization, gene structural motifs, phylogenetic tree, and sequence homology. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) induced drought stress transcriptome analysis was performed on the "Atlantic", and differentially expressed genes were screened, with emphasis on the characterization of deubiquitinase. DUB genes have a complex gene structure, often with a large number of exons and alternative splicing. Their promoters contain abundant abiotic stress-responsive elements, such as 425 MYC, 325 ABRE, and 320 MYB. There are also a large number of orthologous genes in the DUBs of the three potato varieties, and these genes are often clustered in similar regions on the genome. We performed transcriptome sequencing of the potato under PEG-induced drought stress and analyzed it for the first time using the Atlantic as a reference genome. We identified a total of 6067 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4950 up-regulated DEGs under PEG-induced drought stress. We screened the expression of DUBs and observed that 120 DUBs were up-regulated where most of them functioned in the nucleus, and the interacting proteins of DUBs were also localized in the nucleus. We have comprehensively identified and analyzed potato DUBs, and the accurately aligned transcriptome data which will further deepen the understanding of DUBs involved in the regulation of osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Birendra Bahadur Rana
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Potato Research Program, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Raju Kharel
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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KhokharVoytas A, Shahbaz M, Maqsood MF, Zulfiqar U, Naz N, Iqbal UZ, Sara M, Aqeel M, Khalid N, Noman A, Zulfiqar F, Al Syaad KM, AlShaqhaa MA. Genetic modification strategies for enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stresses in the context of climate change. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:283. [PMID: 37642792 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the resilience of plants to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold, is crucial for ensuring global food security challenge in the context of climate change. The adverse effects of climate change, characterized by rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, pose significant threats to agricultural systems worldwide. Genetic modification strategies offer promising approaches to develop crops with improved abiotic stress tolerance. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of various genetic modification techniques employed to enhance plant resilience. These strategies include the introduction of stress-responsive genes, transcription factors, and regulatory elements to enhance stress signaling pathways. Additionally, the manipulation of hormone signaling pathways, osmoprotectant accumulation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms is discussed. The use of genome editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, for precise modification of target genes related to stress tolerance is also explored. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of genetic modification for abiotic stress tolerance are highlighted. Understanding and harnessing the potential of genetic modification strategies can contribute to the development of resilient crop varieties capable of withstanding adverse environmental conditions caused by climate change, thereby ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Usama Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Sara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Al Syaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Viegas C, Gomes B, Cervantes R, Moreira S, Dias M, Pena P, Carolino E, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Soszczyńska E, Caetano LA, Cañas L, Pozdniakova S, Borràs S, Viegas S. Microbial contamination in grocery stores from Portugal and Spain - The neglected indoor environment to be tackled in the scope of the One Health approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162602. [PMID: 36878289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination in grocery shops (GS) should be evaluated since food commodities are commonly handled by workers and customers increasing the risk of food contamination and disease transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination in Portuguese and Spanish GS with a multi-approach protocol using passive (electrostatic dust cloths and surface swabs) sampling methods. The molecular detection of Aspergillus sections, mycotoxin analysis, screening of azole resistance as well as cytotoxicity measurement were conducted to better estimate the potential health risks of exposure and to identify possible relations between the risk factors studied. Fruits/vegetables sampling location was the one identified has being the most contaminated (bacteria and fungi) area in GS from both countries. Aspergillus section Fumigati and Fusarium species were observed in samples from Portuguese groceries with reduced susceptibilities to azoles commonly used in the clinical treatment of fungal infections. Fumonisin B2 was detected in Portuguese GS possible unveiling this emergent threat concerning occupational exposure and food safety. Overall, the results obtained raise concerns regarding human health and food safety and must be surveilled applying a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bianca Gomes
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Cervantes
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Moreira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pena
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ewelina Soszczyńska
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lídia Cañas
- AIRLAB, Climate and Health Program, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofya Pozdniakova
- AIRLAB, Climate and Health Program, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Borràs
- AIRLAB, Climate and Health Program, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rowan NJ. Current decontamination challenges and potentially complementary solutions to safeguard the vulnerable seafood industry from recalcitrant human norovirus in live shellfish: Quo Vadis? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162380. [PMID: 36841407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Safeguarding the seafood industry is important given its contribution to supporting our growing global population. However, shellfish are filter feeders that bioaccumulate microbial contaminants in their tissue from wastewater discharged into the same coastal growing environments leading to significant human disease outbreaks unless appropriately mitigated. Removal or inactivation of enteric viruses is very challenging particularly as human norovirus (hNoV) binds to specific histo-blood ligands in live oyster tissue that are consumed raw or lightly cooked. The regulatory framework that sets out use of clean seawater and UV disinfection is appropriate for bacterial decontamination at the post-harvest land-based depuration (cleaning) stage. However, additional non-thermal technologies are required to eliminate hNoV in live shellfish (particularly oysters) where published genomic studies report that low-pressure UV has limited effectiveness in inactivating hNoV. The use of the standard genomic detection method (ISO 15, 216-1:2017) is not appropriate for assessing the loss of infectious hNoV in treated live shellfish. The use of surrogate viral infectivity methods appear to offer some insight into the loss of hNoV infectiousness in live shellfish during decontamination. This paper reviews the use of existing and potentially other combinational treatment approaches to enhance the removal or inactivation of enteric viruses in live shellfish. The use of alternative and complementary novel diagnostic approaches to discern viable hNoV are discussed. The effectiveness and virological safety of new affordable hNoV intervention(s) require testing and validating at commercial shellfish production in conjunction with laboratory-based research. Appropriate risk management planning should encompass key stakeholders including local government and the wastewater industry. Gaining a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between hNoV response at molecular and structural levels in individually treated oysters as a unit will inform predictive modeling and appropriate treatment technologies. Global warming of coastal growing environments may introduce additional contaminant challenges (such as invasive species); thus, underscoring need to develop real-time ecosystem monitoring of growing environments to alert shellfish producers to appropriately mitigate these threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Rowan
- Centre for Sustainable Disinfection and Sterilization, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, Athlone Campus, Ireland.
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Comi M, Becot F, Bendixsen C. Automation, Climate Change, and the Future of Farm Work: Cross-Disciplinary Lessons for Studying Dynamic Changes in Agricultural Health and Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4778. [PMID: 36981685 PMCID: PMC10049460 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we first assess the state of agricultural health and safety research as it pertains to the dynamic challenges facing automating agriculture on a warming planet. Then, we turn to social science fields such as rural sociology, science and technology studies, and environmental studies to leverage relevant insights on the introduction of new technologies, environmental risks, and associated workplace hazards. Increased rates of automation in agriculture alongside new risks associated with climate change create the need for anticipatory governance and adaptive research to study novel mechanisms of worker health and safety. The use of the PRISMA framework led to the 137 articles for our review. We identify three themes in the literature on agricultural health and safety: (1) adoption outcomes, (2) discrete cases of health risks, and (3) an emphasis on care and wellbeing in literature on dairy automation Our review led to the identification of research gaps, noting that current research (a) tends to examine these forces separately, instead of together, (b) has not made robust examination of these forces as socially embedded, and (c) has hesitated to examine the broad, transferable themes for how these forces work across industries. In response to these gaps, we suggest that attention to outside disciplines may provide agricultural health and safety research with a toolset to examine needed inquiry into the multiplicity of experiences of rural stakeholders, the industry specific problems arising from automation and climate change, and the socially embedded aspects of agricultural work in the future.
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Bastos-Amador P, Duarte EL, Torres J, Caldeira AT, Silva I, Salvador C, Assunção R, Alvito P, Ferreira M. Maternal dietary exposure to mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 promotes intestinal immune alterations and microbiota modifications increasing infection susceptibility in mouse offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113596. [PMID: 36603704 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi occurring in food that are toxic to animals and humans. Early-life mycotoxins exposure has been linked to diverse pathologies. However, how maternal exposure to mycotoxins impacts on the intestinal barrier function of progeny has not been explored. Here, exposure of pregnant and lactating C57Bl/6J female mice to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 400 μg/kg body weight/day; 3 times a week) in gelatine pellets, from embryonic day (E)11.5 until weaning (postnatal day 21), led to gut immunological changes in progeny. The results showed an overall increase of lymphocyte number in intestine, a reduction of expression of epithelial genes related to microbial defence, as well as a decrease in cytokine production by intestinal type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). While susceptibility to chemically induced colitis was not worsened, immune alterations were associated with changes in gut microbiota and with a higher vulnerability to infection by the protozoan Eimeria vermiformis at early-life. Together these results show that maternal dietary exposure to AFB1 can dampen intestinal barrier homeostasis in offspring decreasing their capability to tackle intestinal pathogens. These data provide insights to understand AFB1 potential harmfulness in early-life health in the context of intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bastos-Amador
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Leclerc Duarte
- University of Évora, School of Science and Technology, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal; MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Júlio Torres
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Silva
- University of Évora, School of Science and Technology, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal; MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal; HERCULES Laboratory, Universidade de Évora, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Cátia Salvador
- HERCULES Laboratory, Universidade de Évora, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- IUEM, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829 - 511, Caparica, Portugal; University of Aveiro, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvito
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Aveiro, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Nemati S, Shalileh F, Mirjalali H, Omidfar K. Toward waterborne protozoa detection using sensing technologies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118164. [PMID: 36910193 PMCID: PMC9999019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and limited sufficient water resources will be the main challenges for humankind during the coming years. The lack of water resources for washing, bathing, and drinking increases the use of contaminated water and the risk of waterborne diseases. A considerable number of waterborne outbreaks are due to protozoan parasites that may remain active/alive in harsh environmental conditions. Therefore, a regular monitoring program of water resources using sensitive techniques is needed to decrease the risk of waterborne outbreaks. Wellorganized point-of-care (POC) systems with enough sensitivity and specificity is the holy grail of research for monitoring platforms. In this review, we comprehensively gathered and discussed rapid, selective, and easy-to-use biosensor and nanobiosensor technologies, developed for the early detection of common waterborne protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nemati
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shalileh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Galanakis CM. The "Vertigo" of the Food Sector within the Triangle of Climate Change, the Post-Pandemic World, and the Russian-Ukrainian War. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040721. [PMID: 36832796 PMCID: PMC9956103 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the world has been facing dramatic changes due to a condensed period of multiple crises, including climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Although different, these consecutive crises share common characteristics (e.g., systemic shocks and non-stationary nature) and impacts (e.g., disruption of markets and supply chains), questioning food safety, security, and sustainability. The current article analyses the effects of the noted crises in the food sector before proposing target mitigation measures to address the different challenges. The goal is to transform the food systems to increase their resilience and sustainability. This goal can only be achieved if all relevant actors within the supply chain (e.g., governments, companies, distributors, farmers, etc.) play their role by designing and implementing target interventions and policies. In addition, the transformation of the food sector should be proactive concerning food safety, circular (valorizing several bioresources under the principles of climate neutral economy and blue bioeconomy), digital (based on Industry 4.0 applications), and inclusive (ensuring that all citizens are actively engaged). Food production modernization (e.g., by implementing emerging technologies) and developing shorter and more domestic supply chains are also critical to achieving food resilience and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis M. Galanakis
- Galanakis Laboratories, Research & Innovation Department, 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Mokarram M, Mohammadi-Khoramabadi A, Zarei AR. Fuzzy AHP-based spatial distribution of fig tree cultivation in Zaprionus indianus infection risk for sustainable agriculture development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16510-16524. [PMID: 36190624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of fig trees infected by Zaprionus indianus (ZI) disease, an invasive pest, was analyzed as a control solution to determine the prone area of their growth and cultivation prevention in Southwest Iran. With this aim, the study presented the use of 9 suitability variables for fig tree cultivation mapping in 3 main steps: (i) pre-processing data of each input variable with fuzzy membership function, (ii) land suitability mapping (LSM) by using the pair-wise comparison matrix of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique, (iii) exclusion layers of Zaprionus indianus from the temperature data and growing degree days (GDD) (from April to October) with the support of inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The results show that the central regions and parts of the east and northwest of the region (16%) are more suitable for fig cultivation. Compared to 7 growth periods, the insect is more active in the southern parts of the region than in the northern parts. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate figs with high yield in parts of the region where the land is suitable for growing this crop with the lowest activity of ZI. The overlay results show that the suitability distribution of fig cultivation in high and very high levels is mainly in the central regions (13,300 km2, 10%), parts of the east (5320 km2, 4%), and northwest (2660 km2, 2%) of the region. The proposed approach can be useful for management, planners, and local people in the development of agricultural production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mokarram
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi-Khoramabadi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Fars, Iran
| | - Abdol Rassoul Zarei
- Department of Range and Watershed Management (Nature Engineering), College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
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Smith JC, Whiley H, Ross KE. Climate Change and Health: Local Government Capacity for Health Protection in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1750. [PMID: 36767114 PMCID: PMC9914245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is the greatest global health threat of the 21st century, with numerous direct and indirect human health consequences. Local governments play a critical role in communities' response to climate change, both through strategies to reduce emissions and adaption plans to respond to changing climate and extreme weather events. Australian local government environmental health officers (EHOs) have the relevant skills and expertise to inform and develop adaptation plans for health protection in the context of climate change. This study used an online survey followed by phone interviews of local government management to determine the extent to which EHOs are involved in adaptation planning in health protection climate change plans. Questions were also asked to determine whether local councils are aware of EHOs' capability to contribute and to gauge the willingness of management to provide EHOs with the workload capacity to do so. The findings demonstrated that although climate adaptation and mitigation planning is occurring in local government, it is not including or considering the public health impacts on the community. Primarily, it was found that this oversight was due to a lack of awareness of the health impacts of climate change outside of a disaster or emergency scenario. Currently, EHOs are an untapped source of knowledge and skills that can contribute to climate change adaption planning. To support this, a framework of local environmental health practice was developed to assist the reconceptualization of the scope of practice required for the planning and response to climate change.
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Ruiz-Páez R, Díaz J, López-Bueno JA, Navas MA, Mirón IJ, Martínez GS, Luna MY, Linares C. Does the meteorological origin of heat waves influence their impact on health? A 6-year morbidity and mortality study in Madrid (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158900. [PMID: 36155828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Spain, two synoptic-scale conditions influence heat wave formation. The first involves advection of warm and dry air masses carrying dust of Saharan origin (North African Dust (NAF) = 1). The second entails anticyclonic stagnation with high insolation and stability (NAF) = 0). Some studies show that the meteorological origin of these heat waves may affect their impact on morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the impact of heat waves on health outcomes in Madrid (Spain) during 2013-2018 varied by synoptic-scale condition. METHODOLOGY Outcome data consist of daily mortality and daily hospital emergency admissions (morbidity) for natural, circulatory, and respiratory causes. Predictors include daily maximum and minimum temperatures and daily mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3. Analyses adjust for insolation, relative humidity, and wind speed. Generalized linear models were performed with Poisson link between the variables controlling for trend, seasonality, and auto-regression in the series. Relative Risks (RR) and Attributable Risks (AR) were determined. The RRs for mortality attributable to high temperatures were similar regardless of NAF status. For hospital admissions, however, the RRs for hot days with NAF = 0 are higher than for days with NAF = 1. We also found that atmospheric pollutants worsen morbidity and mortality, especially PM10 concentrations when NAF = 1 and O3 concentrations when NAF = 0. RESULTS The effect of heat waves on morbidity and mortality depends on the synoptic situation. The impact is greater under anticyclonic stagnation conditions than under Saharan dust advection. Further, the health impact of pollutants such as PM10 and O3 varies according to the synoptic situation. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we strongly recommend prevention plans to include data on the meteorological situation originating the heat wave, on a synoptic-scale, as well as comprehensive preventive measures against the compounding effect of high temperatures and pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Díaz
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - M A Navas
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Department of Health, Community Board of Castile La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - M Y Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Mirón IJ, Linares C, Díaz J. The influence of climate change on food production and food safety. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114674. [PMID: 36341795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food security and food safety are two concepts related to food risks. The majority of studies regarding climate change and food risks are related to the security of food provision. The objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge of the influence of climate change on food production and food safety. The literature search was carried out by specifying each area individually (crops, ranching, fishing, food safety, etc.), including the term "climate change" and other specific factors such as CO2, ozone, biotoxins, mortality, heat, etc.) The increase in carbon dioxide concentrations together with the increase in global temperatures theoretically produces greater yields in crops destined for human and animal consumption. However, the majority of studies have shown that crop yields are decreasing, due to the increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Furthermore, these climate anomalies are irregularly distributed, with a greater impact on developing countries that have a lower capacity to address climate change. All of these factors result in greater uncertainty in terms of food provision and market speculation. An increase in average temperatures could lead to an increased risk of proliferation of micro-organisms that produce food-borne illnesses, such as salmonella and campylobacter. However, in developed countries with information systems that document the occurrence of these diseases over time, no clear trend has been determined, in part because of extensive food conservation controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Robinson Y, Khorram-Manesh A, Arvidsson N, Sinai C, Taube F. Does climate change transform military medicine and defense medical support? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1099031. [PMID: 37213601 PMCID: PMC10194660 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change has effects on multiple aspects of human life, such as access to food and water, expansion of endemic diseases as well as an increase of natural disasters and related diseases. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on climate change effects on military occupational health, military healthcare in a deployed setting, and defense medical logistics. Methods Online databases and registers were searched on August 22nd, 2022 and 348 papers retrieved, published between 2000 and 2022, from which we selected 8 publications that described climate effects on military health. Papers were clustered according to a modified theoretical framework for climate change effects on health, and relevant items from each paper were summarized. Results During the last decades a growing body of climate change related publications was identified, which report that climate change has a significant impact on human physiology, mental health, water- and vector borne infectious diseases, as well as air pollution. However, regarding the specific climate effects on military health the level of evidence is low. The effects on defense medical logistics include vulnerabilities in the cold supply chain, in medical devices functioning, in need for air conditioning, and in fresh water supply. Conclusions Climate change may transform both the theoretical framework and practical implementations in military medicine and military healthcare systems. There are significant knowledge gaps on climate change effects on the health of military personnel in operations of both combat and non-combat nature, alerting the need for prevention and mitigation of climate-related health issues. Further research within the fields of disaster and military medicine is needed to explore this novel field. As climate effects on humans and the medical supply chain may degrade military capability, significant investments in military medical research and development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Robinson
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yohan Robinson
| | | | - Niclas Arvidsson
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cave Sinai
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fabian Taube
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Manca G, Ru A, Siddi G, Murittu G, Luigi De Santis EP. The effect of seasonality on the biogenic amines, free amino acids, and physico-chemical composition of raw milk Fiore Sardo cheese produced in Sardinia (Italy). Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang P, Asare E, Pitzer VE, Dubrow R, Chen K. Associations between long-term drought and diarrhea among children under five in low- and middle-income countries. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3661. [PMID: 35773263 PMCID: PMC9247069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is projected to intensify drought conditions, which may increase the risk of diarrheal diseases in children. We constructed log-binomial generalized linear mixed models to examine the association between diarrhea risk, ascertained from global-scale nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys, and drought, represented by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, among children under five in 51 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Exposure to 6-month mild or severe drought was associated with an increased diarrhea risk of 5% (95% confidence interval 3-7%) or 8% (5-11%), respectively. The association was stronger among children living in a household that needed longer time to collect water or had no access to water or soap/detergent for handwashing. The association for 24-month drought was strong in dry zones but weak or null in tropical or temperate zones, whereas that for 6-month drought was only observed in tropical or temperate zones. In this work we quantify the associations between exposure to long-term drought and elevated diarrhea risk among children under five in LMICs and suggest that the risk could be reduced through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, made more urgent by the likely increase in drought due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ernest Asare
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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The Epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors among Domestic and Imported Patients in Taiwan during the 2011-2020 Period. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060820. [PMID: 35744083 PMCID: PMC9228342 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Amebiasis remains an important public health problem worldwide, and immigration and increased international travel have affected incident disease cases. This study assesses the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica in Taiwan between 2011 and 2020 by analyzing data from surveillance programs conducted by the Centers for Disease Control of Taiwan (TCDC) on laboratory-confirmed cases. Materials and Methods: The E. histolytica infection-related data reported to the National Infectious Diseases Statistics System at the TCDC from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020 were collected, including age, gender, place of residence, and the geographic season of exposure for each case. Results: In total, 3066 cases with E. histolytica infections were included in our analysis. Among them, 1735 (57%) cases were imported, and 1331 (43%) were locally acquired. The average annual incidence rate of E. histolytica infections in Taiwan between 2011 and 2020 was 10.6 and 16.1 per 1,000,000 patients. There were statistical differences in gender, age group, and place of residence (p < 0.001) by the source distribution of cases. Also, these differences were found every year (p < 0.05). There were statistical differences in gender and age group (p < 0.001) by place of residence (p < 0.001). The only difference between the distribution of cases and age group was in gender (p < 0.001). Eight patients with amebiasis died, and the fatality rate was 0.3% (8/3066), of whom 75% (6/8) were male, and 75% (6/8) were over 45 years old. This study demonstrates that multiple linear regression analysis shows positive associations between NO2 concentration and amebiasis cases (B value = 2.569, p = 0.019), O3 concentration and amebiasis cases (B value = 0.294, p = 0.008), and temperature and amebiasis cases (B value = 1.096, p = 0.046). Conclusions: This study is the first report of confirmed E. histolytica cases from TCDC surveillance data between 2011 and 2020. This study showed the importance of long periods, air pollutants, and geographically comprehensive analysis for estimating the effect of amebiasis transmission in Taiwan’s populations.
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Hendrickson OD, Zvereva EA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Ultrasensitive lateral flow immunoassay of phycotoxin microcystin-LR in seafood based on magnetic particles and peroxidase signal amplification. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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