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Bernacchio C, Couch R. Value creation and the internal goods of business. Front Sociol 2023; 7:980816. [PMID: 36687016 PMCID: PMC9849877 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.980816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In his early work, Moore argues that business itself was a MacIntyrean practice. He later rejected this view in response to criticisms from Beadle and others. Most subsequent work, including that of Moore, adopted a view of organizations, including firms, as institutions that house a core practice. We first recount Moore's early view, defend and it from various criticisms. We then briefly review research in management and finance arguing that this research supports a view of business consonant with Moore's early view. Thus, we argue that business is a distinct practice that integrates various productive and auxiliary practices to facilitate mutually beneficial transactions. We conclude by discussing implications of this view, noting that it might be viewed as a classical liberal appropriation of the MacIntyrean framework, and arguing that it poses a challenge to MacIntyreans working with a neo-Aristotelian perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Bernacchio
- College of Business, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, United States
| | - Robert Couch
- Business Department, Earlham College, Richmond, IN, United States
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Ward LM, Ma J, Robinson ME, Scharke M, Ho J, Houghton K, Huber A, Scuccimarri R, Barsalou J, Roth J, Shenouda N, Matzinger MA, Lentle B, Jaremko JL, Koujok K, Watanabe Duffy K, Stein R, Sbrocchi AM, Rodd C, Miettunen PM, LeBlanc CMA, Larche M, Jurencak R, Cummings EA, Couch R, Cabral DA, Atkinson S, Alos N, Sykes E, Konji VN, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Lang B. Osteoporotic Fractures and Vertebral Body Reshaping in Children With Glucocorticoid-treated Rheumatic Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5195-e5207. [PMID: 34232311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoporotic fractures are an important cause of morbidity in children with glucocorticoid-treated rheumatic disorders. OBJECTIVE This work aims to evaluate the incidence and predictors of osteoporotic fractures and potential for recovery over six years following glucocorticoid (GC) initiation in children with rheumatic disorders. METHODS Children with GC-treated rheumatic disorders were evaluated through a prospective inception cohort study led by the Canadian STeroid-induced Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) Consortium. Clinical outcomes included lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD), vertebral fractures (VF), non-VF, and vertebral body reshaping. RESULTS A total of 136 children with GC-treated rheumatic disorders were enrolled (mean age 9.9 years, SD 4.4). The 6-year cumulative fracture incidence was 16.3% for VF, and 10.1% for non-VF. GC exposure was highest in the first 6 months, and 24 of 38 VF (63%) occurred in the first 2 years. Following VF, 16 of 19 children (84%) had complete vertebral body reshaping. Increases in disease activity and body mass index z scores in the first year and declines in LS BMD z scores in the first 6 months predicted incident VF over the 6 years, while higher average daily GC doses predicted both incident VF and non-VF. LS BMD z scores were lowest at 6 months (mean -0.9, SD 1.2) and remained low by 6 years even when adjusted for height z scores (-0.6, SD 0.9). CONCLUSION VF occurred early and were more common than non-VF in children with GC-treated rheumatic disorders. Eighty-four percent of children with VF underwent complete vertebral body reshaping, whereas vertebral deformity persisted in the remainder of children. On average, LS BMD z scores remained low at 6 years, consistent with incomplete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Ward
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Maya Scharke
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- University of Calgary, Calgary T3B 6A8, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin Houghton
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Huber
- Dalhousie University, Halifax B3K 6R8, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Julie Barsalou
- Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johannes Roth
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian Lentle
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Robert Stein
- University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5A5, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Celia Rodd
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0Z3, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Maggie Larche
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Couch
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - David A Cabral
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Alos
- Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Sykes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Victor N Konji
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- McGill University, Montréal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Bianca Lang
- Dalhousie University, Halifax B3K 6R8, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Bauer GR, Pacaud D, Couch R, Metzger DL, Gale L, Gotovac S, Mokashi A, Feder S, Raiche J, Speechley KN, Temple Newhook J, Ghosh S, Sansfaçon AP, Susset F, Lawson ML. Transgender Youth Referred to Clinics for Gender-Affirming Medical Care in Canada. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-047266. [PMID: 34620727 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-047266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Referrals of transgender and gender-diverse (trans) youth to medical clinics for gender-affirming care have increased. We described characteristics of trans youth in Canada at first referral visit. METHODS Baseline clinical and survey data (2017-2019) were collected for Trans Youth CAN!, a 10-clinic prospective cohort of n = 174 pubertal and postpubertal youth <16 years with gender dysphoria, referred for hormonal suppression or hormone therapy, and 160 linked parent-participants. Measures assessed health, demographics, and visit outcome. RESULTS Of youth, 137 were transmasculine (assigned female) and 37 transfeminine (assigned male); 69.0% were aged 14 to 15, 18.8% Indigenous, 6.6% visible minorities, 25.7% from immigrant families, and 27.1% low income. Most (66.0%) were gender-aware before age 12. Only 58.1% of transfeminine youth lived in their gender full-time versus 90.1% of transmasculine (P < .001). Although transmasculine youth were more likely than transfeminine youth to report depressive symptoms (21.2% vs 10.8%; P = .03) and anxiety (66.1% vs 33.3%; P < .001), suicidality was similarly high overall (past-year ideation: 34.5%, attempts: 16.8%). All were in school; 62.0% reported strong parental gender support, with parents the most common support persons (91.9%). Two-thirds of families reported external gender-related stressors. Youth had met with a range of providers (68.5% with a family physician). At clinic visit, 62.4% were prescribed hormonal suppression or hormone therapy, most commonly depot leuprolide acetate. CONCLUSIONS Trans youth in Canada attending clinics for hormonal suppression or gender-affirming hormones were generally healthy but with depression, anxiety, and support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta R Bauer
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Robert Couch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel L Metzger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Gotovac
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Arati Mokashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Joe Raiche
- Foothills Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kathy Nixon Speechley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Shuvo Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Margaret L Lawson
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ma J, Siminoski K, Alos N, Halton J, Ho J, Cummings EA, Shenouda N, Matzinger MA, Lentle B, Jaremko JL, Wilson B, Stephure D, Stein R, Sbrocchi AM, Rodd C, Lewis VA, Laverdière C, Israels S, Grant RM, Fernandez CV, Dix DB, Couch R, Cairney E, Barr R, Atkinson S, Abish S, Moher D, Rauch F, Ward LM. Impact of Vertebral Fractures and Glucocorticoid Exposure on Height Deficits in Children During Treatment of Leukemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:213-222. [PMID: 30247635 PMCID: PMC6291659 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of vertebral fractures (VF) and glucocorticoid (GC) exposure on height deficits in children during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Children with ALL treated without cranial radiation therapy (n = 160; median age, 5.1 years; 58.1% male) were followed prospectively for 6 years. Spinal deformity index (SDI) was used to quantify VF status. RESULTS Baseline height z score ± SD was 0.3 ± 1.2. It fell by 0.5 ± 0.4 in the first 6 months for boys and by 0.4 ± 0.4 in the first 12 months for girls (P < 0.01 for both) and then subsequently recovered. The prevalence of VF peaked at 1 year (17.6%). Among those with VF, median SDI rose from 2 [interquartile range (IQR): 1, 7] at baseline to 8 (IQR: 1, 8) at 1 year. A mixed model for repeated measures showed that height z score declined by 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24; P = 0.02) for each 5-unit increase in SDI during the previous 12 months. Every 10 mg/m2 increase in average daily GC dose (prednisone equivalent) in the previous 12 months was associated with a height z score decrement of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.32; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS GC likely plays a major role in the observed height decline during therapy for ALL. Because only a minority of children had VF, fractures could not have contributed significantly to the height deficit in the entire cohort but may have been important among the subset with VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Lentle
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Robert Stein
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Celia Rodd
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Sara Israels
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - David B Dix
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Couch
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ronald Barr
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Leanne M Ward
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Leanne M. Ward, MD, University of Ottawa, Room 250H, Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada. E-mail:
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Maharaj A, Buonocore F, Meimaridou E, Ruiz-Babot G, Guasti L, Peng HM, Capper CP, Burgos-Tirado N, Prasad R, Hughes CR, Maudhoo A, Crowne E, Cheetham TD, Brain CE, Suntharalingham JP, Striglioni N, Yuksel B, Gurbuz F, Gupta S, Lindsay R, Couch R, Spoudeas HA, Guran T, Johnson S, Fowler DJ, Conwell LS, McInerney-Leo AM, Drui D, Cariou B, Lopez-Siguero JP, Harris M, Duncan EL, Hindmarsh PC, Auchus RJ, Donaldson MD, Achermann JC, Metherell LA. Predicted Benign and Synonymous Variants in CYP11A1 Cause Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Through Missplicing. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:201-221. [PMID: 30620006 PMCID: PMC6316989 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can present with nonspecific features and can be difficult to diagnose. We undertook next generation sequencing in a cohort of children and young adults with PAI of unknown etiology from around the world and identified a heterozygous missense variant (rs6161, c.940G>A, p.Glu314Lys) in CYP11A1 in 19 individuals from 13 different families (allele frequency within undiagnosed PAI in our cohort, 0.102 vs 0.0026 in the Genome Aggregation Database; P < 0.0001). Seventeen individuals harbored a second heterozygous rare disruptive variant in CYP11A1 and two had very rare synonymous changes in trans (c.990G>A, Thr330 = ; c.1173C>T, Ser391 =). Although p.Glu314Lys is predicted to be benign and showed no loss-of-function in an Escherichia coli assay system, in silico and in vitro studies revealed that the rs6161/c.940G>A variant, plus the c.990G>A and c.1173C>T changes, affected splicing and that p.Glu314Lys produces a nonfunctional protein in mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings show that compound heterozygosity involving a relatively common and predicted "benign" variant in CYP11A1 is a major contributor to PAI of unknown etiology, especially in European populations. These observations have implications for personalized management and demonstrate how variants that might be overlooked in standard analyses can be pathogenic when combined with other very rare disruptive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Meimaridou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Ruiz-Babot
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hwei-Ming Peng
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cameron P Capper
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neikelyn Burgos-Tirado
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire R Hughes
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwini Maudhoo
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Cheetham
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Brain
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niccolò Striglioni
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilgin Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gurbuz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sangay Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lindsay
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Couch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen A Spoudeas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tulay Guran
- Department Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stephanie Johnson
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dallas J Fowler
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise S Conwell
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Delphine Drui
- Department of Endocrinology, l’Institut du Thorax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Juan P Lopez-Siguero
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark Harris
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter C Hindmarsh
- Department of Paediatrics, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Malcolm D Donaldson
- Section of Child Health, Glasgow University School of Medicine, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Louise A. Metherell, PhD, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, Sikotra N, Simons L, Keaton N, Karounos D, Oremus R, Dye L, Myers L, Ballard D, Miers W, Sparks R, Thraikill K, Edwards K, Fowlkes J, Kinderman A, Kemp S, Morales A, Holland L, Johnson L, Paul P, Ghatak A, Phelen K, Leyland H, Henderson T, Brenner D, Law P, Oppenheimer E, Mamkin I, Moniz C, Clarson C, Lovell M, Peters A, Ruelas V, Borut D, Burt D, Jordan M, Leinbach A, Castilla S, Flores P, Ruiz M, Hanson L, Green-Blair J, Sheridan R, Wintergerst K, Pierce G, Omoruyi A, Foster M, Linton C, Kingery S, Lunsford A, Cervantes I, Parker T, Price P, Urben J, Doughty I, Haydock H, Parker V, Bergman P, Liu S, Duncum S, Rodda C, Thomas A, Ferry R, McCommon D, Cockroft J, Perelman A, Calendo R, Barrera C, Arce-Nunez E, Lloyd J, Martinez Y, De la Portilla M, Cardenas I, Garrido L, Villar M, Lorini R, Calandra E, D’Annuzio G, Perri K, Minuto N, Malloy J, Rebora C, Callegari R, Ali O, Kramer J, Auble B, Cabrera S, Donohoue P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Hessner M, Wolfgram P, Maddox K, Kansra A, Bettin N, McCuller R, Miller A, Accacha S, Corrigan J, Fiore E, Levine R, Mahoney T, Polychronakos C, Martin J, Gagne V, Starkman H, Fox M, Chin D, Melchionne F, Silverman L, Marshall I, Cerracchio L, Cruz J, Viswanathan A, Miller J, Wilson J, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn S, Lala A, Clesi P, Genet M, Uwaifo G, Charron A, Allerton T, Milliot E, Cefalu W, Melendez-Ramirez L, Richards R, Alleyn C, Gustafson E, Lizanna M, Wahlen J, Aleiwe S, Hansen M, Wahlen H, Moore M, Levy C, Bonaccorso A, Rapaport R, Tomer Y, Chia D, Goldis M, Iazzetti L, Klein M, Levister C, Waldman L, Muller S, Wallach E, Regelmann M, Antal Z, Aranda M, Reynholds C, Leech N, Wake D, Owens C, Burns M, Wotherspoon J, Nguyen T, Murray A, Short K, Curry G, Kelsey S, Lawson J, Porter J, Stevens S, Thomson E, Winship S, Wynn L, O’Donnell R, Wiltshire E, Krebs J, Cresswell P, Faherty H, Ross C, Vinik A, Barlow P, Bourcier M, Nevoret M, Couper J, Oduah V, Beresford S, Thalagne N, Roper H, Gibbons J, Hill J, Balleaut S, Brennan C, Ellis-Gage J, Fear L, Gray T, Pilger J, Jones L, McNerney C, Pointer L, Price N, Few K, Tomlinson D, Denvir L, Drew J, Randell T, Mansell P, Roberts A, Bell S, Butler S, Hooton Y, Navarra H, Roper A, Babington G, Crate L, Cripps H, Ledlie A, Moulds C, Sadler K, Norton R, Petrova B, Silkstone O, Smith C, Ghai K, Murray M, Viswanathan V, Henegan M, Kawadry O, Olson J, Stavros T, Patterson L, Ahmad T, Flores B, Domek D, Domek S, Copeland K, George M, Less J, Davis T, Short M, Tamura R, Dwarakanathan A, O’Donnell P, Boerner B, Larson L, Phillips M, Rendell M, Larson K, Smith C, Zebrowski K, Kuechenmeister L, Wood K, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels M, Speer H, Forghani N, Quintana R, Reh C, Bhangoo A, Desrosiers P, Ireland L, Misla T, Xu P, Torres C, Wells S, Villar J, Yu M, Berry D, Cook D, Soder J, Powell A, Ng M, Morrison M, Young K, Haslam Z, Lawson M, Bradley B, Courtney J, Richardson C, Watson C, Keely E, DeCurtis D, Vaccarcello-Cruz M, Torres Z, Alies P, Sandberg K, Hsiang H, Joy B, 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Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Ward LM, Ma J, Lang B, Ho J, Alos N, Matzinger MA, Shenouda N, Lentle B, Jaremko JL, Wilson B, Stephure D, Stein R, Sbrocchi AM, Rodd C, Lewis V, Israels S, Grant RM, Fernandez CV, Dix DB, Cummings EA, Couch R, Cairney E, Barr R, Abish S, Atkinson SA, Hay J, Rauch F, Moher D, Siminoski K, Halton J. Bone Morbidity and Recovery in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Six-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1435-1443. [PMID: 29786884 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our objective was to determine the incidence and predictors of fractures and recovery from osteoporosis in pediatric ALL over 6 years following glucocorticoid initiation. Vertebral fractures (VF) and vertebral body reshaping were assessed on annual spine radiographs, low-trauma non-VF were recorded at regular intervals and spine bone mineral density (BMD) was captured every 6 months for 4 years and then annually. A total of 186 children with ALL were enrolled (median age 5.3 years; range, 1.3 to 17.0 years). The cumulative fracture incidence was 32.5% for VF and 23.0% for non-VF; 39.0% of children with VF were asymptomatic. No fractures occurred in the sixth year and 71.3% of incident fractures occurred in the first 2 years. Baseline VF, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, and baseline lumbar spine (LS) BMD Z-score predicted both VF and non-VF. Vertebral body reshaping following VF was incomplete or absent in 22.7% of children. Those with residual vertebral deformity following VF were older compared to those without (median age 8.0 years at baseline [interquartile range {IQR}, 5.5 to 9.4] versus 4.8 years [IQR, 3.6 to 6.2], p = 0.04) and had more severe vertebral collapse (median maximum spinal deformity index 3.5 [IQR, 1.0 to 8.0] versus 0.5 [IQR, 0.0 to 1.0], p = 0.01). VF and low LS BMD Z-score at baseline as well as glucocorticoid exposure predicted incident VF and non-VF. Nearly 25% of children had persistent vertebral deformity following VF, more frequent in older children, and in those with more severe collapse. These results suggest the need for trials addressing interventions in the first 2 years of chemotherapy, targeting older children and children with more severe vertebral collapse, because these children are at greatest risk for incident VF and subsequent residual vertebral deformity. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nazih Shenouda
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lentle
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacob L Jaremko
- Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Beverly Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Stephure
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Victor Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sara Israels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ronald M Grant
- Department of Pediatics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David B Dix
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Robert Couch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Cairney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Abish
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - John Hay
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St, Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kerry Siminoski
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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- Canadian Pediatric Bone Health Working Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Rosolowsky E, Yaskina M, Couch R. Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Patients' and Caregivers' Perceptions of Glycemic Control. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:302-307.e1. [PMID: 28843470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) to describe pediatric patients with T1D and their caregivers' perceptions of measures of glycemic control (hemoglobin [A1C] and blood glucose [BG] levels) and (2) to determine the relationship between patients' and caregivers' perceptions of measures of glycemic control with actual A1C levels and adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors. METHODS Patients (8 to 18 years) with T1D and caregivers completed questionnaires that queried their perceptions of (1) what the A1C level assesses, (2) the ideal A1C target, and (3) the ideal BG range. Point-of-care A1C levels were measured for each patient. They also completed the Self-Care Inventory Revised (SCI-R) to assess adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors. RESULTS Among 253 dyads, the frequencies of patients compared to caregivers who could accurately describe what the A1C level assesses, identify the ideal A1C target, and identify the ideal BG range were 20 vs. 66, 31 vs. 56, and 72 vs. 76%, respectively. Patients' accuracy in reporting ideal targets for glycemic control was significantly associated with caregivers' accuracy. There was a trend for lower median A1C levels in patients who were part of a dyad wherein both had accurate perceptions of glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Patients and caregivers had accurate knowledge of ideal BG range but were less knowledgeable about the meaning of A1C levels and ideal A1C targets. Nevertheless, whether glycemic control was perceived as an A1C measurement or a BG range, A1C levels trended lower for patients when both they and their caregivers had accurate perceptions of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rosolowsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Maryna Yaskina
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Couch
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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LeBlanc CMA, Ma J, Taljaard M, Roth J, Scuccimarri R, Miettunen P, Lang B, Huber AM, Houghton K, Jaremko JL, Ho J, Shenouda N, Matzinger MA, Lentle B, Stein R, Sbrocchi AM, Oen K, Rodd C, Jurencak R, Cummings EA, Couch R, Cabral DA, Atkinson S, Alos N, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. Incident Vertebral Fractures and Risk Factors in the First Three Years Following Glucocorticoid Initiation Among Pediatric Patients With Rheumatic Disorders. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1667-75. [PMID: 25801315 PMCID: PMC4556451 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral fractures are an important yet underrecognized manifestation of osteoporosis in children with chronic, glucocorticoid-treated illnesses. Our goal was to determine the incidence and clinical predictors of vertebral fractures in the 3 years following glucocorticoid initiation among pediatric patients with rheumatic disorders. Incident vertebral fractures were evaluated according to the Genant semiquantitative method on lateral radiographs at baseline and then annually in the 3 years following glucocorticoid initiation. Extended Cox models were used to assess the association between vertebral fractures and clinical risk predictors. A total of 134 children with rheumatic disorders were enrolled in the study (mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 9.9 ± 4.4 years; 65% girls). The unadjusted vertebral fracture incidence rate was 4.4 per 100 person-years, with a 3-year incidence proportion of 12.4%. The highest annual incidence occurred in the first year (6.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9% to 11.7%). Almost one-half of the patients with fractures were asymptomatic. Every 0.5 mg/kg increase in average daily glucocorticoid (prednisone equivalents) dose was associated with a twofold increased fracture risk (hazard ratio (HR) 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5). Other predictors of increased vertebral fracture risk included: (1) increases in disease severity scores between baseline and 12 months; (2) increases in body mass index Z-scores in the first 6 months of each 12-month period preceding the annual fracture assessment; and (3) decreases in lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores in the first 6 months of glucocorticoid therapy. As such, we observed that a clinically significant number of children with rheumatic disorders developed incident vertebral fractures in the 3 years following glucocorticoid initiation. Almost one-half of the children were asymptomatic and thereby would have been undiagnosed in the absence of radiographic monitoring. In addition, discrete clinical predictors of incident vertebral fractures were evident early in the course of glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhui Ma
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Taljaard
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Johannes Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paivi Miettunen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bianca Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam M Huber
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kristin Houghton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacob L Jaremko
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nazih Shenouda
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brian Lentle
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kiem Oen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roman Jurencak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Couch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David A Cabral
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Alos
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerry Siminoski
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Cummings EA, Ma J, Fernandez CV, Halton J, Alos N, Miettunen PM, Jaremko JL, Ho J, Shenouda N, Matzinger MA, Lentle B, Stephure D, Stein R, Sbrocchi AM, Rodd C, Lang B, Israels S, Grant RM, Couch R, Barr R, Hay J, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. Incident Vertebral Fractures in Children With Leukemia During the Four Years Following Diagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3408-17. [PMID: 26171800 PMCID: PMC4909472 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to determine the incidence and predictors of vertebral fractures (VF) during the 4 years after diagnosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Children were enrolled within 30 days of chemotherapy initiation, with incident VF assessed annually on lateral spine radiographs according to the Genant method. Extended Cox models were used to assess the association between incident VF and clinical predictors. RESULTS A total of 186 children with ALL completed the baseline evaluation (median age, 5.3 years; interquartile range, 3.4-9.7 years; 58% boys). The VF incidence rate was 8.7 per 100 person-years, with a 4-year cumulative incidence of 26.4%. The highest annual incidence occurred at 12 months (16.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2-22.7), falling to 2.9% at 4 years (95% CI, 1.1-7.3). Half of the children with incident VF had a moderate or severe VF, and 39% of those with incident VF were asymptomatic. Every 10 mg/m(2) increase in average daily glucocorticoid dose (prednisone equivalents) was associated with a 5.9-fold increased VF risk (95% CI, 3.0-11.8; P < .01). Other predictors of increased VF risk included VF at diagnosis, younger age, and lower spine bone mineral density Z-scores at baseline and each annual assessment. CONCLUSIONS One quarter of children with ALL developed incident VF in the 4 years after diagnosis; most of the VF burden was in the first year. Over one third of children with incident VF were asymptomatic. Discrete clinical predictors of a VF were evident early in the patient's clinical course, including a VF at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Cummings
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Halton
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Paivi M Miettunen
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jacob L Jaremko
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Josephine Ho
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Nazih Shenouda
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mary Ann Matzinger
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brian Lentle
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - David Stephure
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert Stein
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Sbrocchi
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Celia Rodd
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Bianca Lang
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sara Israels
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ronald M Grant
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert Couch
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ronald Barr
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - John Hay
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kerry Siminoski
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Dalhousie University (E.A.C., C.V.F., B.La.), Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; University of Ottawa (H.M., J.Ha., N.S., M.A.M., L.M.W.), Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Université de Montréal (N.A.), Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada; University of Calgary (P.M.M., J.Ho., D.S.), Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; University of Alberta (J.L.J., R.C., K.S.), Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; University of British Columbia (B.Le.), Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; University of Western Ontario (R.S.), London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; McGill University (A.M.S., F.R.), Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; University of Manitoba (C.R., S.I.), Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; University of Toronto (R.M.G.), Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada; McMaster University (R.B.), Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; and Brock University (J.H.), St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Couch
- Atkinson Graduate School of Management; Willamette University; Salem Oregon USA
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Hermanns P, Couch R, Leonard N, Klotz C, Pohlenz J. A novel deletion in the thyrotropin Beta-subunit gene identified by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis causes central congenital hypothyroidism in a boy originating from Turkey. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 82:201-5. [PMID: 25012771 DOI: 10.1159/000362413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated central congenital hypothyroidism (ICCH) is rare but important. Most ICCH patients are diagnosed later, which results in severe growth failure and intellectual disability. OBJECTIVE We describe a boy with ICCH due to a large homozygous TSHβ gene deletion. RESULTS A 51-day-old male Turkish infant, whose parents were first cousins, was admitted for evaluation of prolonged jaundice. His clinical appearance was compatible with hypothyroidism. Venous thyrotropin (TSH) was undetectably low, with a subsequent low free T4 and a low free T3, suggestive of central hypothyroidism. Using different PCR protocols, we could not amplify both coding exons of the boy's TSHβ gene, which suggested a deletion. An array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using specific probes around the TSHβ gene locus showed him to be homozygous for a 6-kb deletion spanning all exons and parts of the 5' untranslated region of the gene. CONCLUSIONS Infants who are clinically suspected of having hypothyroidism should be evaluated thoroughly, even if their TSH-based screening result is normal. In cases with ICCH and undetectably low TSH serum concentrations, a TSHβ gene deletion should be considered; aCGH should be performed when gene deletions are suspected. In such cases, PCR-based sequencing techniques give negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hermanns
- Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical School, Mainz, Germany
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Ma J, Siminoski K, Alos N, Halton J, Ho J, Lentle B, Matzinger M, Shenouda N, Atkinson S, Barr R, Cabral DA, Couch R, Cummings EA, Fernandez CV, Grant RM, Rodd C, Sbrocchi AM, Scharke M, Rauch F, Ward LM. The choice of normative pediatric reference database changes spine bone mineral density Z-scores but not the relationship between bone mineral density and prevalent vertebral fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1018-27. [PMID: 25494661 PMCID: PMC4519277 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to assess the magnitude of the disparity in lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) Z-scores generated by different reference databases and to evaluate whether the relationship between LSBMD Z-scores and vertebral fractures (VF) varies by choice of database. PATIENTS AND DESIGN Children with leukemia underwent LSBMD by cross-calibrated dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, with Z-scores generated according to Hologic and Lunar databases. VF were assessed by the Genant method on spine radiographs. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between fractures and LSBMD Z-scores. Net reclassification improvement and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of LSBMD Z-scores for VF. RESULTS For the 186 children from 0 to 18 years of age, 6 different age ranges were studied. The Z-scores generated for the 0 to 18 group were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.90), but the proportion of children with LSBMD Z-scores ≤-2.0 among those with VF varied substantially (from 38-66%). Odds ratios (OR) for the association between LSBMD Z-score and VF were similar regardless of database (OR = 1.92, 95% confidence interval 1.44, 2.56 to OR = 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.70, 4.28). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and net reclassification improvement ranged from 0.71 to 0.75 and -0.15 to 0.07, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although the use of a LSBMD Z-score threshold as part of the definition of osteoporosis in a child with VF does not appear valid, the study of relationships between BMD and VF is valid regardless of the BMD database that is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
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- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
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Weselake SV, Foulds JL, Couch R, Witmans MB, Rubin D, Haqq AM. Prader-Willi syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, and narcoleptic symptoms: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:127. [PMID: 24742112 PMCID: PMC4000141 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep abnormalities, including narcolepsy and cataplexy, are a common feature of Prader-Willi syndrome. Long-term treatment with the central nervous system stimulant modafinil has not been reported. In this case report we present a longitudinal perspective of sleep abnormalities in a nine-year-old Caucasian girl with Prader-Willi syndrome from age two to age nine, and detail the response to treatment with the central nervous system stimulant modafinil. Case presentation Our patient presented at two years of age with hypersomnia and narcoleptic episodes with cataplectic features. Initial polysomnograph testing revealed adequate sleep efficiency, but increased sleep fragmentation especially during rapid eye movement sleep. The narcoleptic episodes continued and a repeat polysomnograph at age five years confirmed features consistent with narcolepsy. Further sleep studies at six years, including a multiple sleep latency test, demonstrated signs of excessive daytime sleepiness. Treatment with modafinil was initiated at age seven years six months due to persistent hypersomnia and narcoleptic symptoms. Two polysomnograph studies were performed following treatment with modafinil, at age eight years six months and nine years three months. These studies showed excellent sleep efficiency and improvement of rapid eye movement sleep parameters, supporting the beneficial effects of long-term modafinil therapy. Conclusions Long-term modafinil therapy may ameliorate the sleep disturbances of Prader-Willi syndrome and should be the focus of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 1C4,09 Walter C, Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
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15
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Phan V, Blydt-Hansen T, Feber J, Alos N, Arora S, Atkinson S, Bell L, Clarson C, Couch R, Cummings EA, Filler G, Grant RM, Grimmer J, Hebert D, Lentle B, Ma J, Matzinger M, Midgley J, Pinsk M, Rodd C, Shenouda N, Stein R, Stephure D, Taback S, Williams K, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. Skeletal findings in the first 12 months following initiation of glucocorticoid therapy for pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:627-37. [PMID: 23948876 PMCID: PMC4100956 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Incident vertebral fractures and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed in the 12 months following glucocorticoid initiation in 65 children with nephrotic syndrome. The incidence of vertebral fractures was low at 12 months (6 %) and most patients demonstrated recovery in BMD Z-scores by this time point. INTRODUCTION Vertebral fracture (VF) incidence following glucocorticoid (GC) initiation has not been previously reported in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. METHODS VF was assessed on radiographs (Genant method); lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Sixty-five children were followed to 12 months post-GC initiation (median age, 5.4 years; range, 2.3-17.9). Three of 54 children with radiographs (6 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 2-15 %) had incident VF at 1 year. The mean LS BMD Z-score was below the healthy average at baseline (mean ± standard deviation (SD), -0.5 ± 1.1; p = 0.001) and at 3 months (-0.6 ± 1.1; p < 0.001), but not at 6 months (-0.3 ± 1.3; p = 0.066) or 12 months (-0.3 ± 1.2; p = 0.066). Mixed effect modeling showed a significant increase in LS BMD Z-scores between 3 and 12 months (0.22 SD; 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.36; p = 0.003). A subgroup (N = 16; 25 %) had LS BMD Z-scores that were ≤-1.0 at 12 months. In these children, each additional 1,000 mg/m(2) of GC received in the first 3 months was associated with a decrease in LS BMD Z-score by 0.39 at 12 months (95 % CI, -0.71 to -0.07; p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VF at 1 year was low and LS BMD Z-scores improved by 12 months in the majority. Twenty-five percent of children had LS BMD Z-scores ≤-1.0 at 12 months. In these children, LS BMD Z-scores were inversely associated with early GC exposure, despite similar GC exposure compared to the rest of the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Phan
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Johnston GM, Johnston KD, Couch R. Self-Study Course versus Group Workshop Education for Pediatric Patients Starting Multiple Daily Injection Therapy. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Siminoski K, Lee KC, Abish S, Alos N, Bell L, Blydt-Hansen T, Couch R, Cummings EA, Ellsworth J, Feber J, Fernandez CV, Halton J, Huber AM, Israels S, Jurencak R, Lang B, Laverdière C, LeBlanc C, Lewis V, Midgley J, Miettunen PM, Oen K, Phan V, Pinsk M, Rauch F, Rodd C, Roth J, Saint-Cyr C, Scuccimarri R, Stephure D, Taback S, Wilson B, Ward LM. The development of bone mineral lateralization in the arms. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:999-1006. [PMID: 22744715 PMCID: PMC4105250 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone mineral content (BMC) is known to be greater in the dominant arm after the age of 8 years. We studied a group of children and found that BMC sidedness gradually increased up to the age of 6 years and then remained stable into late adolescence. INTRODUCTION Bone mineral content (BMC) exhibits sidedness in the arms after the age of 8 years, but it is not known whether BMC is greater in the dominant arm from birth or whether lateralization develops in early childhood. To address this, we examined bone mineral status in relation to handedness and age. METHODS Subjects (N = 158) were children recently initiating glucocorticoids for underlying disease (leukemia 43 %, rheumatic conditions 39 %, nephrotic syndrome 18 %). Handedness was determined by questionnaire and BMC by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Median age was 7.2 years (range, 1.5 to 17.0 years), 49 % was male, and the spine BMD Z-score was -0.9 (SD, 1.3). By linear regression, BMC sidedness in the arms was significantly related to age (r = 0.294, p = 0.0005). Breakpoint analysis revealed two lines with a knot at 6.0 years (95 % CI, 4.5-7.5 years). The formula for the first line was: dominant:nondominant arm BMC ratio = 0.029 × age [in years] + 0.850 (r = 0.323, p = 0.017). The slope of the second line was not different from 0 (p = 0.332), while the slopes for the two lines were significantly different (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS These results show that arm BMC sidedness in this patient group develops up to age 6 years and then remains stable into late adolescence. This temporal profile is consistent with mechanical stimulation of the skeleton in response to asymmetrical muscle use as handedness becomes manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siminoski
- University of Alberta, 6628-123 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3T6.
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18
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Shiff NJ, Brant R, Guzman J, Cabral DA, Huber AM, Miettunen P, Roth J, Scuccimarri R, Alos N, Atkinson SA, Collet JP, Couch R, Cummings EA, Dent PB, Ellsworth J, Hay J, Houghton K, Jurencak R, Lang B, Larche M, Leblanc C, Rodd C, Saint-Cyr C, Stein R, Stephure D, Taback S, Rauch F, Ward LM. Glucocorticoid-related changes in body mass index among children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:113-21. [PMID: 22826190 PMCID: PMC4459861 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the temporal and dose-related effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on body mass index (BMI) in children with rheumatic diseases. METHODS Children initiating GCs for a rheumatic disease (n = 130) were assessed every 3 months for 18 months. BMI, weight, and height Z score trajectories were described according to GC starting dosage in prednisone equivalents: high (≥1.0 mg/kg/day), low (<0.2 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 7.5 mg/day), and moderate (between high and low) dosage. The impact of GC dosing, underlying diagnosis, pubertal status, physical activity, and disease activity on BMI Z scores and on percent body fat was assessed with longitudinal mixed-effects growth curve models. RESULTS The GC starting dose was high in 59% and moderate in 39% of patients. The peak BMI Z score was +1.29 at 4 months with high-dose GCs and +0.69 at 4.2 months with moderate-dose GCs (P < 0.001). Overall, 50% (95% confidence interval 41-59%) of the children returned to within +0.25 SD of their baseline BMI Z score. Oral GC dose over the preceding 3 months was the most significant determinant of BMI Z score and percent body fat. The proportion of days in receipt of GCs, disease activity, and a diagnosis of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis were also associated with BMI Z scores. The correlation between changes in BMI and changes in percent body fat was 0.09. CONCLUSION In children with rheumatic diseases starting moderate and high doses of GCs, BMI Z scores peaked at 4 months, and only half returned to within +0.25 SD of their baseline BMI Z score after 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Shiff
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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19
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Alos N, Grant RM, Ramsay T, Halton J, Cummings EA, Miettunen PM, Abish S, Atkinson S, Barr R, Cabral DA, Cairney E, Couch R, Dix DB, Fernandez CV, Hay J, Israels S, Laverdière C, Lentle B, Lewis V, Matzinger M, Rodd C, Shenouda N, Stein R, Stephure D, Taback S, Wilson B, Williams K, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. High incidence of vertebral fractures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 12 months after the initiation of therapy. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2760-7. [PMID: 22734031 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.40.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis are a potential complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To date, the incidence of vertebral fractures during ALL treatment has not been reported. PATIENT AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated 155 children with ALL during the first 12 months of leukemia therapy. Lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs were obtained at baseline and 12 months. Vertebral bodies were assessed for incident vertebral fractures using the Genant semiquantitative method, and relevant clinical indices such as spine bone mineral density (BMD), back pain, and the presence of vertebral fractures at baseline were analyzed for association with incident vertebral fractures. RESULTS Of the 155 children, 25 (16%; 95% CI, 11% to 23%) had a total of 61 incident vertebral fractures, of which 32 (52%) were moderate or severe. Thirteen (52%) of the 25 children with incident vertebral fractures also had fractures at baseline. Vertebral fractures at baseline increased the odds of an incident fracture at 12 months by an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% CI, 2.3 to 23.1; P = .001). In addition, for every one standard deviation reduction in spine BMD Z-score at baseline, there was 1.8-fold increased odds of incident vertebral fracture at 12 months (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7; P = .006). CONCLUSION Children with ALL have a high incidence of vertebral fractures after 12 months of chemotherapy, and the presence of vertebral fractures and reductions in spine BMD Z-scores at baseline are highly associated clinical features.
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20
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Abstract
Premature infants are known to have elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone and adrenal androgen concentrations immediately after birth, but the levels decrease rapidly. Virilization of normal premature female infants as a result of these high androgens has not been described. Three premature female infants born at 24 to 25 weeks' gestation, with birth weights 550 to 880 g and significant neonatal complications were noted to develop clitoromegaly 2 weeks to 3 months after birth. All 3 had elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone >100 nmol/L and testosterone >3 nmol/L concentrations. All were treated as simple virilizing 21-hydroxylase deficiency, but subsequent genetic analysis revealed no CYP21 mutations. Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment revealed no recurrent virilization and normal adrenal steroid levels. Postnatal virilization in sick premature girls may occur, and investigations may suggest 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Genetic analysis of CYP21 should be performed before the diagnosis is confirmed. Further studies are needed to better document the natural history and possible causes of postnatal adrenal androgen secretion in sick premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Couch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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21
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Rodd C, Lang B, Ramsay T, Alos N, Huber AM, Cabral DA, Scuccimarri R, Miettunen PM, Roth J, Atkinson SA, Couch R, Cummings EA, Dent PB, Ellsworth J, Hay J, Houghton K, Jurencak R, Larché M, LeBlanc C, Oen K, Saint-Cyr C, Stein R, Stephure D, Taback S, Lentle B, Matzinger M, Shenouda N, Moher D, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. Incident vertebral fractures among children with rheumatic disorders 12 months after glucocorticoid initiation: a national observational study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:122-31. [PMID: 22213727 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of incident vertebral fractures (IVF) 12 months after glucocorticoid (GC) initiation in children with rheumatic diseases and to identify children at higher risk. METHODS Children with rheumatic diseases initiating GC were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Annual spine radiographs were evaluated using the Genant semiquantitative method. Spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured every 6 months. Clinical features, including cumulative GC dose, back pain, disease and physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, and spine aBMD Z scores, were analyzed for association with IVF. RESULTS Seven (6%) of 118 children (95% confidence interval 2.9-11.7%) had IVF. Their diagnoses were: juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 2), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 3), systemic vasculitis (n = 1), and mixed connective tissue disease (n = 1). One child was omitted from the analyses after 4 months because of osteoporosis treatment for symptomatic IVF. Children with IVF received on average 50% more GC than those without (P = 0.030), had a greater increase in body mass index (BMI) at 6 months (P = 0.010), and had greater decrements in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months (P = 0.048). Four (67%) of 6 children with IVF and data to 12 months had spine aBMD Z scores less than -2.0 at 12 months compared to 16% of children without IVF (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The incidence of VF 12 months following GC initiation was 6%; most children were asymptomatic. Children with IVF received more GC, had greater increases in BMI, and had greater declines in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodd
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Couch R, Jetha M, Dryden DM, Hooten N, Liang Y, Durec T, Sumamo E, Spooner C, Milne A, O'Gorman K, Klassen TP. Diabetes education for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2008:1-144. [PMID: 18620470 PMCID: PMC4781150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of diabetes education on metabolic control, diabetes-related hospitalizations, complications, and knowledge, quality of life and other psychosocial outcomes for children with type 1 diabetes and their families. DATA SOURCES A systematic and comprehensive literature review was conducted in 21 electronic databases of medical and health education literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of diabetes education. REVIEW METHODS Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by several investigators in duplicate. A descriptive analysis is presented. RESULTS From 12,756 citations, 80 studies were identified and included in the review (53 RCTs or CCTs, 27 observational studies). The methodological quality of studies was generally low. Most studies (35/52) that examined the effect of educational interventions on HbA1c found no evidence of increased effectiveness of the interventions over the education provided as part of standard care. Successful interventions were heterogeneous and included cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, skills training and general diabetes education. Most studies reported a positive effect on health service utilization (i.e., reduced use), although less than half were statistically significant. There was no clear evidence that educational interventions had an effect on short-term complications. The effect of educational interventions on diabetes knowledge was unclear with 12/30 studies reporting a significant improvement. Interventions which had varying effects on knowledge scores included diabetes camp, general diabetes education, and cognitive behavioral therapy. In the area of self management/regimen adherence, 10/21 studies reported improving this outcome significantly. Successful interventions included general diabetes education and cognitive behavioral therapy. Educational interventions were successful in improving various psychosocial outcomes. The results of two studies examining refinements to intensive therapy education suggest that educational interventions may enhance the effects of intensive diabetes management in reducing HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Due to the heterogeneity of reported diabetes education interventions, outcome measures, and duration of followup, there is insufficient evidence to identify a particular intervention that is more effective than standard care to improve diabetes control or quality of life or to reduce short-term complications.
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Cassetti MC, Couch R, Wood J, Pervikov Y. Report of meeting on the development of influenza vaccines with broad spectrum and long-lasting immune responses, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 26–27 February 2004. Vaccine 2005; 23:1529-33. [PMID: 15754468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Cassetti
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kuschel CA, Austerberry L, Cornwell M, Couch R, Rowley RSH. Can methadone concentrations predict the severity of withdrawal in infants at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004; 89:F390-3. [PMID: 15321955 PMCID: PMC1721744 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2003.036863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the usefulness of cord and serum methadone concentrations at 2 days of age in predicting the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants whose mothers received methadone during pregnancy. METHODS After informed consent, infants were enrolled if they were delivered at 35 weeks gestation or greater. Relevant information was collected from maternal notes. A sample of cord blood was taken at delivery, with a follow up sample at 48 hours of age. The samples were analysed in batches, and the results were unavailable to the attending clinical staff. Infants were treated for NAS on clinical grounds according to a standardised scoring system. RESULTS Twenty five of 36 eligible infants over the 21 month period of the study were enrolled. Of these, 12 required treatment for NAS. Maternal methadone dose did not predict the need for treatment. However, infants who required treatment had significantly lower methadone concentrations in cord blood than the group who did not receive treatment (31 v 88 ng/ml respectively; p = 0.029). Paired blood samples for methadone concentrations were available for 17 infants. All but one of the 12 infants who required treatment had undetectable concentrations of methadone in the postnatal sample, whereas the median postnatal methadone concentration in untreated infants was 23 ng/ml (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Methadone concentrations taken from cord blood may identify infants at greater risk of neonatal withdrawal and therefore requiring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Kuschel
- National Women's Hospital, Private Bag 92 189, Auckland, New Zealand.
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25
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Espinosa G, Santos E, Cervera R, Piette JC, de la Red G, Gil V, Font J, Couch R, Ingelmo M, Asherson RA. Adrenal involvement in the antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic characteristics of 86 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003; 82:106-18. [PMID: 12640187 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-200303000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the clinical and immunologic characteristics of patients with adrenal involvement and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), we conducted a computer-assisted (PubMed) search of the literature to identify all cases of primary adrenal insufficiency associated with antiphospholipid antibodies published in English, French, and Spanish from 1983 (when APS was first defined) through March 2002. We reviewed 86 patients (80 from the literature plus 6 from our cohort); 55% were male, and the mean age at presentation was 43 +/- 16 years. Sixty-one (71%) patients had primary APS, and 14 (16%) had systemic lupus erythematosus. In 31 (36%) patients, adrenal insufficiency was the first clinical manifestation of APS. Abdominal pain was present in 55% of patients, followed by hypotension (54%), fever (40%), nausea or vomiting (31%), weakness or fatigue (31%), and lethargy or altered mental status (19%). The main finding in imaging techniques was compatible with adrenal hemorrhage (59%) and in histopathologic study was a hemorrhagic infarction with vessel thrombosis (55%). Lupus anticoagulant was detected in 97% of patients and the anticardiolipin antibodies titer was positive in 93% of patients. Most patients (95%) were positive for the IgG isotype of anticardiolipin antibodies, whereas 40% were positive for the IgM isotype. Baseline cortisol levels were decreased in 98% of patients, ACTH hormone levels were increased in 96% of patients, and the cosyntropin stimulation test was positive in 100% of patients tested. Steroid replacement therapy was the most frequent treatment (84%), followed by anticoagulation (52%) and aspirin (6%). Thirty-two of 35 (91%) patients with prolonged anticoagulant therapy were in good health with a mean follow-up of 25 months, whereas 25 of the 69 (36%) patients with outcome data available had died. The results of the present review stress the clinical importance of systematic screening for lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in all cases of adrenal hemorrhage or infarction. An initial screening for hypoadrenalism is mandatory in any antiphospholipid antibody-positive patient who complains of abdominal pain and undue weakness or asthenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Espinosa
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut Clínic d'Infeccions i Immunologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Salvatori R, Fan X, Veldhuis JD, Couch R. Serum GH response to pharmacological stimuli and physical exercise in two siblings with two new inactivating mutations in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 147:591-6. [PMID: 12444890 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1470591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivating mutations of the GH-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) gene (GHRHR) cause familial isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) type IB. The GH response to physical exercise (PE) in patients lacking GHRHR has never been studied. We hypothesized that subjects lacking functional GHRHR may be a model to study GH response to PE. DESIGN We have analyzed peripheral genomic DNA of a family with two sibs affected by IGHD IB for mutations in the GHRHR, studied the patients' GH response to different GH secretagogues and to PE, and examined the morphology of their pituitary gland by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS The GHRHR was analyzed by direct sequencing of the 13 exons, intron-exon boundaries, and of the proximal 327 bp of the promoter region in the index case. The patients' GH response to GHRH and standardized PE was studied twice, using a GH ultrasensitive assay in the second round of testing. RESULTS Both subjects were compound heterozygotes for two previously undescribed mutations in the GHRHR that are predicted to cause complete lack of functional GHRHR protein: a nonsense mutation in codon 43 (Q43X), and a splice mutation at the beginning of intron 3 (IVS3+1G-->A). MRI showed hypoplasia of their anterior pituitaries. Both subjects had a small but detectable increase in serum GH after maximal PE. CONCLUSIONS GHRHR mutations need to be considered in IGHD IB patients even in the absence of parental consanguinity, and patients lacking GHRHR may provide a model to study the mechanism by which PE influences GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and The Ilyssa Center for Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter C MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Evans
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190-3048, USA
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McLean A, Browne S, Zhang Y, Slaughter E, Halstenson C, Couch R. The influence of food on the bioavailability of a twice-daily controlled release carbamazepine formulation. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41:183-6. [PMID: 11210399 DOI: 10.1177/00912700122010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbatrol, a new dosage form of carbamazepine (CBZ), was developed consisting of three different types of pellets (immediate release, controlled release, and enteric release). The objective of this study was to explore the influence of food on absorption of CBZ. This was a randomized, open-label, single-dose crossover study conducted in 12 healthy volunteers. Treatments were 2 x 200 mg Carbatrol with a high-fat meal, fasted, or sprinkled over applesauce (but otherwise fasted). Each subject received one dose of each treatment separated by a washout period of at least 2 weeks. CBZ bioequivalence was established based on the equivalence of AUC (extent of absorption) in all three conditions. Carbatrol may be taken with or without food or the capsule opened and sprinkled on food.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McLean
- Shire Laboratories, Inc., 1550 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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30
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review the emergency department management of children presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to determine if current recommendations for fluid therapy are practiced. A 5-year retrospective chart review was conducted of all pediatric patients admitted with DKA to the University of Alberta Hospital. Presenting clinical and laboratory data, the initial fluid therapy, and insulin dose were analyzed. The therapy was also compared between sites of initial presentation (primary, secondary, or tertiary hospital). A total of 49 cases of DKA in 37 patients were reviewed. There were no significant clinical or biochemical differences between patients presenting at the three levels of hospital. Forty-one cases (84%) were given a saline bolus and the mean fluid volume given by 1 hour was 18.3 mL/kg. In the first hour 82% of patients presenting at a primary or secondary centre and 67% of those at the tertiary centre received more than 10 mL/kg. This excessive fluid therapy was also evident after 4 hours. Fluid management of children in DKA is excessive and not in keeping with current recommendations. Education of emergency physicians is needed to reduce fluid therapy and the risk of neurologic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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31
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Ghosh S, Champlin R, Couch R, Englund J, Raad I, Malik S, Luna M, Whimbey E. Rhinovirus infections in myelosuppressed adult blood and marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:528-32. [PMID: 10530441 DOI: 10.1086/598627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scant data are available on the clinical significance of rhinovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. We reviewed the clinical courses of and outcomes for 22 myelosuppressed adult blood and marrow transplant recipients with rhinovirus infections who were hospitalized at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) from January 1992 to January 1997. In 15 patients (68%), illnesses remained confined to the upper respiratory tract. Seven patients (32%) developed fatal pneumonia. These patients had profound respiratory failure a mean of 12 days (range, 3-21 days) after the onset of symptoms. In six of these seven cases, rhinovirus was isolated before death from a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen and/or an endotracheal aspirate. Five patients underwent autopsies, one of which revealed disseminated aspergillosis and four of which revealed interstitial pneumonitis and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome and no other organisms. In conclusion, rhinovirus infections may be associated with considerable pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality in severely myelosuppressed immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Medical Specialities, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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32
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33
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O'Connor A, Cluroe A, Couch R, Galler L, Lawrence J, Synek B. Death from hyponatraemia-induced cerebral oedema associated with MDMA ("Ecstasy") use. N Z Med J 1999; 112:255-6. [PMID: 10448984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A O'Connor
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland Hospital
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34
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Yousuf HM, Englund J, Couch R, Rolston K, Luna M, Goodrich J, Lewis V, Mirza NQ, Andreeff M, Koller C, Elting L, Bodey GP, Whimbey E. Influenza among hospitalized adults with leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24:1095-9. [PMID: 9195063 DOI: 10.1086/513648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most important respiratory diseases of mankind, yet scant data exist concerning the frequency and clinical course of influenza in severely immunocompromised adults. From October 1993 to September 1994, we cultured the respiratory secretions of all adults with leukemia who were hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. During a 9-week period from 29 November 1993 to 29 January 1994, influenza virus type A (H3N2) was isolated from 15 (33%) of these 45 hospitalized adults. Twelve (80%) of the cases of influenza were associated with pneumonia, and four patients (33%) with pneumonia died. Patients who died tended to have received chemotherapy more recently and to be more myelosuppressed. Autopsy examination in two cases revealed histopathologic changes consistent with viral pneumonia. During community outbreaks, influenza is a frequent cause of serious respiratory disease in hospitalized adults with leukemia. Effective prophylactic and therapeutic regimens need to be defined for immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yousuf
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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35
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Lewis VA, Champlin R, Englund J, Couch R, Goodrich JM, Rolston K, Przepiorka D, Mirza NQ, Yousuf HM, Luna M, Bodey GP, Whimbey E. Respiratory disease due to parainfluenza virus in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:1033-7. [PMID: 8922798 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/23.5.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the frequency and clinical course of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in 1,173 adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients cared for at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston). Between January 1991 and September 1994, PIV was isolated from the respiratory secretions of 61 (5.2%) of these patients. Thirty-four (56%) of the 61 patients had uncomplicated upper respiratory tract illnesses and survived. The remaining 27 patients (44%) developed pneumonia, and the associated mortality was 37% (10 of 27 patients). Twenty-three (85%) of the patients with pneumonia had had preceding upper respiratory illnesses. Of the 10 patients who died, nine died within 100 days after transplantation. Histopathologic examination of lung tissue from seven patients revealed intracytoplasmic viral inclusions in six, a finding consistent with invasive PIV pneumonia, and viral changes in the seventh patient. Seven of the 10 patients who died had other serious concurrent infections. Of 42 patients who developed PIV infection early after transplantation (i.e., < 100 days), the frequency of pneumonia was higher among the 18 allogeneic BMT recipients (61%) than among the 24 autologous BMT recipients (42%), and the associated mortality was also higher (55% vs. 30%, respectively). PIVs are an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult BMT recipients, particularly patients who have recently undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Lewis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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36
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Abstract
This article examines the applicability of a "report card" strategy as a means of differentiating among providers on the basis of performance. The specific focus is on the potential effect of differences in data collection processes on the meaningfulness of subsequent comparisons among similar types of providers. Variations in reported nosocomial infection rates are analyzed in light of differences in reported surveillance practices; data for similar nursing units are analyzed as well. Thirty-one rural, rural referral, and urban acute care hospitals in the midwest participated in the study. The reported nosocomial infection rates for different types of nursing units and different hospital groups varied substantially. Likewise, there were marked variations in the nosocomial infection surveillance practices at the hospitals, which were found to explain some of the variation in the reported nosocomial infection rates for specific types of nursing units and nosocomial infections. The study conclude that differences in data collection processes may result in incorrect conclusions about differences in the quality of care provided by various providers.
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37
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Couch R, Ehrenberg L, Magnusson AL, Nilsson R, de la Rosa ME, Törnqvist M. In vivo dosimetry of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the cynomolgus monkey. Mutat Res 1996; 357:17-23. [PMID: 8876676 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(96)00066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, including the cynomolgus monkey, a striking difference between the potencies of ethylene oxide (EO)* and propylene oxide (PO) with respect to induction of certain clastogenic effects has previously been observed. In order to clarify to what extent such differences can be ascribed to a difference in detoxification rate, cynomolgus monkeys were administered an equimolar mixture of the two epoxides at two dose levels, and the blood doses were determined by measurement of the degree of alkylation of N-terminal valines in hemoglobin (Hb). For the highest exposure a saturation in the detoxification of PO was evident from a marked increase in adduct level. At the lower exposure, the dose in blood resulting from exposure to PO was about one fourth of that from EO. Although playing a great role, differences in detoxification rate, therefore, cannot fully account for the much lower clastogenic potency of PO, which has been found in earlier studies. Furthermore, the determination of doses in blood gives data on relationship between in vivo dose and exposure dose (accounting for detoxification), with relevance for risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Couch
- Experimental and Applied Division, Coulston Foundation, White Sands Research Center, Alamogordo, NM 88310, USA
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38
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Khan AS, Polezhaev F, Vasiljeva R, Drinevsky V, Buffington J, Gary H, Sominina A, Keitel W, Regnery H, Lonskaya NL, Doroshenko E, Gavrilov A, Ivakhov I, Arden N, Schonberger LB, Couch R, Kendal A, Cox N. Comparison of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted trivalent influenza vaccines in Russian schoolchildren. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:453-6. [PMID: 8568310 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.2.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a blinded, placebo-controlled study, the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of single doses of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines were compared in 555 schoolchildren in Vologda, Russia. Serial serum samples were collected and school absenteeism was assessed. Systemic reactions were rare, but local reactions (primarily erythema at the injection site) were observed in 27% of the inactivated vaccine group, and coryza (12%) and sore throat (8%) were observed in the attenuated vaccine group. At 4 weeks after vaccination a > or = 4-fold rise in titer of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B was noted, respectively, among 78%, 88%, and 53% of children who received inactivated vaccine and among 55%, 79%, and 30% of children who received attenuated vaccine. The vaccine efficacy for preventing school absenteeism due to respiratory illness during the period of peak influenza activity was 56% for inactivated vaccine and 47% for attenuated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Khan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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39
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Abstract
Most mammals methylate inorganic arsenic (As) to methylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid, which are rapidly excreted in the urine. Previous studies have shown that, in contrast to humans, all experimental animals excrete very little MMA. With the aim of finding an appropriate animal model for studies on inorganic As metabolism and toxicity, we have investigated the metabolism of As in two male chimpanzees after a single iv dose of [73As]arsenate (5.8 micrograms As/kg body wt). The initial clearance from plasma was rapid with an apparent half-time of about 1 hr. Urine was found to constitute the major excretory pathway with very little excretion in the feces. About 60% of the administered 73As dose was excreted in the urine within 96 hr in a biphasic manner. The second phase of slow urinary excretion was characterized by first-order kinetics with a half-time of about 7 days. Upon ion-exchange chromatography of ultrafiltrated plasma and urine, only inorganic As could be detected, a finding confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Thus, the results indicate that the chimpanzee, as previously shown for the marmoset monkey, but unlike all other mammals studied so far, including humans, is unable to methylate and detoxify inorganic As.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Elting LS, Whimbey E, Lo W, Couch R, Andreeff M, Bodey GP. Epidemiology of influenza A virus infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. Support Care Cancer 1995; 3:198-202. [PMID: 7655781 DOI: 10.1007/bf00368891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Influenza infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, but its importance in adult cancer patients is largely undescribed. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the incidence and clinical features of influenza infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. The cohort, which consisted of all adult leukemia patients undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy during the 1991-1992 influenza epidemic, was followed prospectively for development of signs and symptoms of acute infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Of these 294 patients, 111 received chemotherapy as inpatients and 183 as outpatients. Throat swabs and nasal washes for viral culture were obtained from all symptomatic patients, who were then followed until all signs and symptoms resolved. Symptoms of respiratory tract infection developed in 37 leukemia patients (13%). Among these, influenza (A/Beijing/ H3N2) caused 3 (21%) of the 14 infections that developed during hospitalization but only 1 (4%) of the 23 that developed in the community (P = 0.14). Influenza patients presented with fever, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, headache, and myalgia; those with other infections presented with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (productive cough, rales, or rhonchi). Development of pneumonia was common in influenza patients, 1 of whom died from secondary fungal and gram-negative pneumonia. Influenza A virus infections accounted for a substantial portion of acute respiratory infections among adult leukemia patients during a community epidemic. Most infections appeared to be nosocomial and the most likely sources were visitors or hospital personnel. Immunization of household contacts and hospital staff may reduce the risk of influenza infection and its pulmonary complications in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Elting
- Department of Medical Specialities, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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41
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Abstract
A maternal history of Graves' disease places the fetus at risk for thyrotoxicosis in utero via the placental transfer of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. Methods for prediction of fetal hyperthyroidism are available, but are not widely used. Clinical assessment of fetal thyroid status by monitoring of fetal heart rate and growth may be inaccurate. This raises some uncertainty in the initial diagnosis of fetal thyrotoxicosis and complicates the assessment of fetal response to maternal propylthiouracil therapy. A case illustrating these pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of fetal hyperthyroidism is presented. The condition was correctly diagnosed, but treatment based on fetal heart rate resulted in biochemical hypothyroidism in the infant at birth. Current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of fetal hyperthyroidism are reviewed along with recent developments in the field. A modified approach is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wallace
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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42
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Holford N, Black P, Couch R, Kennedy J, Briant R. Theophylline target concentration in severe airways obstruction - 10 or 20 mg/L? A randomised concentration-controlled trial. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993; 25:495-505. [PMID: 8119049 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-199325060-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The optimal serum concentration of theophylline for the management of acute airways obstruction was evaluated by comparing the response to target concentrations at the extremes of the usual therapeutic range. 174 patients requiring intravenous theophylline were randomly assigned to a target concentration of 10 or 20 mg/L. Control of theophylline dosage using measured theophylline concentrations and evaluation of efficacy and toxicity was performed under double-blind conditions. 87 patients (50%) required hospital admission. Of these, 54 patients (62%) were followed throughout their hospital admission and reviewed at an outpatient clinic approximately 1 week after discharge. The duration of hospital stay, and rate and extent of improvement in peak expiratory flow rate were not different between the groups. There was significantly more toxicity in the 20 mg/L group. The initial target concentration for theophylline in the management of acute airway obstruction should be 10 mg/L under circumstances where concentration is used to control theophylline dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Holford
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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43
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Lo W, Whimbey E, Elting L, Couch R, Cabanillas F, Bodey G. Antibody response to a two-dose influenza vaccine regimen in adult lymphoma patients on chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12:778-82. [PMID: 8307050 DOI: 10.1007/bf02098469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine if a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine would enhance the immunologic response of 41 patients with lymphoma receiving chemotherapy. Hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses to influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B virus occurred in 32%, 24% and 20% of patients following one dose, and in 49%, 41% and 46% of patients following two doses, respectively. Responses to one or more vaccine components occurred in 42% of patients after one dose and in 71% after two doses. Fifty percent of the patients who did not respond after one dose responded after two doses. A two-dose regimen of influenza immunization may significantly enhance the response rate of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lo
- Department of Medical Specialities, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
The safety of licensed influenza virus vaccine (IVV) combined with a novel adjuvant containing muramyl tripeptide (MTP) conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was evaluated in a randomized pilot study. Ten healthy 23-30-year-old men were given a single intramuscular dose of IVV combined with saline (n = 5) or with 100 micrograms of MTP-PE in the MF59 adjuvant emulsion (MF59-100) (n = 5). Evaluations were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 28 after inoculation. IVV alone was well tolerated. All volunteers immunized with IVV/MF59-100 experienced moderate to severe local and systemic reactions which interfered with usual activities. Discomfort at the injection site was first noted at 2-6 h; induration (5/5), erythema (3/5), and regional adenopathy (3/5) persisted for up to 4 days. Systemic symptoms including chills (5/5), fever (3/5), nausea (3/5) and/or dizziness (2/5) developed within 12 h of inoculation and resolved by 48 h. Elevated white blood cell count (days 1 and 2), erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum fibrinogen were transiently observed. Although peak serum neutralizing antibody titres versus influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B antigens were higher in the group given IVV with MF59-100, these unexpected reactions indicate that this dose of adjuvant is unsuitable for use in combination with this IVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Keitel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Houston, TX 77030
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45
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Couch R, Scott BL. Relativistic calculations of K alpha satellite properties for medium-Z elements. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:3016-3022. [PMID: 9906302 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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46
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Brazzell RK, Park YH, Wooldridge CB, McCue B, Barker R, Couch R, York B. Interspecies comparison of the pharmacokinetics of aldose reductase inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 1990; 18:435-40. [PMID: 1976064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of three aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) were evaluated in various species, including rat, dog, cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, and man. The three ARIs (AL01567, AL01576, and AL01750) were administered intravenously as a single dose to all species except rat, which was dosed orally with AL01750, and man, who was dosed orally with AL01567 and AL01576. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by HPLC or liquid scintillation spectrometry and various pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, CL; Vd, volume of distribution; and t1/2) were calculated from the data. Overall the pharmacokinetics of the three compounds were quite similar, each being characterized by low CL, intermediate Vd, and long t1/2. For AL01576, mean CL ranged from 0.21 ml/min/kg in cynomolgus monkey to 0.91 ml/min/kg in dog, mean Vd from 0.66 liter/kg in cynomolgus monkey to 2.4 liters/kg in dog and man and mean t1/2 from 29 hr in dog to 72 hr in man. Mean CL of AL01567 ranged from 0.14 ml/min/kg in man to 1.4 ml/min/kg in dog, mean Vd from 0.45 liter/kg in rat to 3.5 liters/kg in dog and mean t1/2 from 22 hr in rhesus monkey to 63 hr in man. Mean CL of AL01750 ranged from 0.13 ml/min/kg in chimpanzee to 1.3 ml/min/kg in dog, mean Vd from 0.40 liter/kg in rat to 1.8 liters/kg in dog and mean t1/2 from 12 hr in rhesus monkey to 62 hr in chimpanzee. For all three drugs, CL and Vd corrected for body weight were quite similar in all species except dog, whose CL and Vd were two- to fourfold greater than the other animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
The air transport of patients began over seventy years ago in primitive biplanes. The ability to fly over the obstacles of the battlefield created enthusiasm in both the military and the medical communities. With the advent of vertical flight, the need for conventional runways was obviated allowing for casualties to be transported directly from the site of injury. After their introduction as air ambulances in 1945, helicopters soon supplanted ground ambulances with their speed and versatility. By the mid-1960s, civilian casualties were being transported by helicopter as regional trauma care developed in the United States. Today aeromedical programs continue to expand rapidly, even as closer scrutiny of their efficacy, cost, and safety are explored. A pictorial review highlighting the evolution of air transport systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY 40292
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48
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49
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50
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Abstract
Among 38 children with pseudotumor cerebri only 3 cases were due to ear disease or its complications. The commonest cause was a refeeding syndrome either due to nutritional deprivation or as an early finding in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. It is uncommon to find the cause of pseudotumor in older children but in those under 6 years the cause was found in 85%. Because of the adverse effects of steroids we use this treatment in the more resistant cases.
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