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Hetland RA, Wilsgaard T, Hopstock LA, Ariansen I, Johansson J, Jacobsen BK, Grimsgaard S. Social inequality in prevalence of NCD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis from the population-based Tromsø Study 2015-2016. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080611. [PMID: 38688673 PMCID: PMC11086291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine associations between educational level, serving as an indicator of socioeconomic position, and prevalence of WHO-established leading behavioural and biological risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in middle-aged to older women and men. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING All inhabitants of the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, aged ≥40 years, were invited to the seventh survey (2015-2016) of the Tromsø Study; an ongoing population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Of the 32 591 invited; 65% attended, and a total of 21 069 women (53%) and men aged 40-99 years were included in our study. OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed associations between educational level and NCD behavioural and biological risk factors: daily smoking, physical inactivity (sedentary in leisure time), insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (<5 units/day), harmful alcohol use (>10 g/day in women, >20 g/day in men), hypertension, obesity, intermediate hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. These were expressed as odds ratios (OR) per unit decrease in educational level, with 95% CIs, in women and men. RESULTS In women (results were not significantly different in men), we observed statistically significant associations between lower educational levels and higher odds of daily smoking (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.60 to 1.78), physical inactivity (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.46), insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.66), hypertension (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.30), obesity (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29), intermediate hyperglycaemia (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19), and hypercholesterolaemia (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12), and lower odds of harmful alcohol use (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.78). CONCLUSION We found statistically significant educational gradients in women and men for all WHO-established leading NCD risk factors within a Nordic middle-aged to older general population. The prevalence of all risk factors increased at lower educational levels, except for harmful alcohol use, which increased at higher educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hetland
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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S, Pandey A, Pang Z, Panza F, Paoli M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Pareja RG, Park SW, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pattussi M, Pavlyshyn H, Pechlaner R, Pećin I, Pednekar MS, Pedro JM, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Perez-Londoño A, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Petrovna Kovtun O, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pfeiffer N, Phall MC, Pham ST, Phiri FP, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pierre-Marie P, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Piler P, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Platonova AG, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Polka NS, Pop RM, Popkin BM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Posch G, Poudyal A, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Price AJ, Price JF, Prista A, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka S, Puiu M, Punab M, Qadir MS, Qasrawi RF, Qiao Q, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Quiroga-Padilla PJ, Quoc Bao T, Rach S, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajabov T, Rakhmatulloev S, Rakovac I, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramadan OPC, Ramires VV, Ramirez-Zea M, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Ramsay SE, Rangelova LS, Rarra V, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rashidi MM, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Renner JDP, Repasy JA, Reuter CP, Revilla L, Reynolds A, Rezaei N, Rezaianzadeh A, Rho Y, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rigotti A, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Risérus U, Rito AI, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Roa RG, Robinson L, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Rohner F, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rouzier V, Roy JGR, Ruano MH, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Ruiz Moreno E, Rusakova IA, Rusek W, Russell Jonsson K, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Saamel M, Saar CG, Sabanayagam C, Sabbaghi H, Sacchini E, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saieva C, Sakata S, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Salazar Martinez E, Salhanova A, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Samoutian M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sánchez Rodríguez I, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santacruz E, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos O, Santos R, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt B, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schneider A, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schultz G, Schulze MB, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera G, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševčíková Ľ, Sewpaul R, Shalnova S, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Sharman A, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, Silva CRDM, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina EV, Skoblina NA, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Solovieva YV, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stang A, Starc G, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Steinsbekk S, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suarez-Ortegón MF, Suebsamran P, Sugiyama M, Suka M, Sulo G, Sun CA, Sun L, Sund M, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Takuro F, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tessema M, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thrift AG, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Tomaszewski M, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Udoji N, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vatasescu R, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Viriyautsahakul N, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Vourli G, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Vuletić S, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang C, Wang H, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Wartha O, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wichstrøm L, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wirth JP, Wojtyniak B, Woldeyohannes M, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan L, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, Yépez García M, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Yotov Y, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zentai A, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmet P, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; 403:1027-1050. [PMID: 38432237 PMCID: PMC7615769 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. INTERPRETATION The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union.
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Ariansen I, Larsen IK. For tidlig død av ikke-smittsomme sykdommer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2024; 144:23-0849. [PMID: 38349090 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
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Anjum M, Ariansen I, Hjellvik V, Selmer R, Kjerpeseth LJ, Skovlund E, Myrstad M, Ellekjær H, Christophersen IE, Tveit A, Berge T. Stroke and bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation with CHA2DS2-VASC risk score of one: the Norwegian AFNOR study. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:57-66. [PMID: 37995254 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The benefit of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) and intermediate stroke risk is debated. In a nationwide Norwegian cohort with a non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk score of one, this study aimed to investigate (i) stroke and bleeding risk in AF patients with and without OAC treatment, and (ii) the risk of stroke in non-anticoagulated individuals with and without AF. METHODS A total of 1 118 762 individuals including 34 460 AF patients were followed during 2011-18 until ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, increased CHA2DS2-VASc score, or study end. One-year incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as events per 100 person-years (%/py). Cox regression models provided adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs [95% confidence intervals]). RESULTS Among AF patients, the ischaemic stroke IR was 0.51%/py in OAC users and 1.05%/py in non-users (aHR 0.47 [0.37-0.59]). Intracranial haemorrhage IR was 0.28%/py in OAC users and 0.19%/py in non-users (aHR 1.23 [0.88-1.72]). Oral anticoagulant use was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding (aHR 1.37 [1.16-1.63]) but lower risk of the combined outcome of ischaemic stroke, major bleeding, and mortality (aHR 0.57 [0.51-0.63]). Non-anticoagulated individuals with AF had higher risk of ischaemic stroke compared to non-AF individuals with the same risk profile (aHR 2.47 [2.17-2.81]). CONCLUSIONS In AF patients at intermediate risk of stroke, OAC use was associated with overall favourable clinical outcomes. Non-anticoagulated AF patients had higher risk of ischaemic stroke compared to the general population without AF with the same risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Anjum
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Selmer
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars J Kjerpeseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjær
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Ingrid E Christophersen
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
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Kaptoge S, Seshasai SRK, Sun L, Walker M, Bolton T, Spackman S, Ataklte F, Willeit P, Bell S, Burgess S, Pennells L, Altay S, Assmann G, Ben-Shlomo Y, Best LG, Björkelund C, Blazer DG, Brenner H, Brunner EJ, Dagenais GR, Cooper JA, Cooper C, Crespo CJ, Cushman M, D'Agostino RB, Daimon M, Daniels LB, Danker R, Davidson KW, de Jongh RT, Donfrancesco C, Ducimetiere P, Elders PJM, Engström G, Ford I, Gallacher I, Bakker SJL, Goldbourt U, de La Cámara G, Grimsgaard S, Gudnason V, Hansson PO, Imano H, Jukema JW, Kabrhel C, Kauhanen J, Kavousi M, Kiechl S, Knuiman MW, Kromhout D, Krumholz HM, Kuller LH, Laatikainen T, Lowler DA, Meyer HE, Mukamal K, Nietert PJ, Ninomiya T, Nitsch D, Nordestgaard BG, Palmieri L, Price JF, Ridker PM, Sun Q, Rosengren A, Roussel R, Sakurai M, Salomaa V, Schöttker B, Shaw JE, Strandberg TE, Sundström J, Tolonen H, Tverdal A, Verschuren WMM, Völzke H, Wagenknecht L, Wallace RB, Wannamethee SG, Wareham NJ, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Yamagishi K, Yeap BB, Harrison S, Inouye M, Griffin S, Butterworth AS, Wood AM, Thompson SG, Sattar N, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Tipping RW, Russell S, Johansen M, Bancks MP, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Magliano D, Barr ELM, Zimmet PZ, Knuiman MW, Whincup PH, Willeit J, Willeit P, Leitner C, Lawlor DA, Ben-Shlomo Y, Elwood P, Sutherland SE, Hunt KJ, Cushman M, Selmer RM, Haheim LL, Ariansen I, Tybjaer-Hansen A, Frikkle-Schmidt R, Langsted A, Donfrancesco C, Lo Noce C, Balkau B, Bonnet F, Fumeron F, Pablos DL, Ferro CR, Morales TG, Mclachlan S, Guralnik J, Khaw KT, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Stocker H, Nissinen A, Palmieri L, Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Harald K, Massaro JM, Pencina M, Lyass A, Susa S, Oizumi T, Kayama T, Chetrit A, Roth J, Orenstein L, Welin L, Svärdsudd K, Lissner L, Hange D, Mehlig K, Salomaa V, Tilvis RS, Dennison E, Cooper C, Westbury L, Norman PE, Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Hata J, Shibata M, Furuta Y, Bom MT, Rutters F, Muilwijk M, Kraft P, Lindstrom S, Turman C, Kiyama M, Kitamura A, Yamagishi K, Gerber Y, Laatikainen T, Salonen JT, van Schoor LN, van Zutphen EM, Verschuren WMM, Engström G, Melander O, Psaty BM, Blaha M, de Boer IH, Kronmal RA, Sattar N, Rosengren A, Nitsch D, Grandits G, Tverdal A, Shin HC, Albertorio JR, Gillum RF, Hu FB, Cooper JA, Humphries S, Hill- Briggs F, Vrany E, Butler M, Schwartz JE, Kiyama M, Kitamura A, Iso H, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Ferrieres J, Gansevoort RT, de Boer R, Kieneker L, Crespo CJ, Assmann G, Trompet S, Kearney P, Cantin B, Després JP, Lamarche B, Laughlin G, McEvoy L, Aspelund T, Thorsson B, Sigurdsson G, Tilly M, Ikram MA, Dorr M, Schipf S, Völzke H, Fretts AM, Umans JG, Ali T, Shara N, Davey-Smith G, Can G, Yüksel H, Özkan U, Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, Ishizaki M, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Mathiesen E, Sundström J, Buring J, Cook N, Arndt V, Rothenbacher D, Manson J, Tinker L, Shipley M, Tabak AG, Kivimaki M, Packard C, Robertson M, Feskens E, Geleijnse M, Kromhout D. Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:731-742. [PMID: 37708900 PMCID: PMC7615299 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly, particularly among younger age groups. Estimates suggest that people with diabetes die, on average, 6 years earlier than people without diabetes. We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the associations between age at diagnosis of diabetes and all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and reductions in life expectancy. METHODS For this observational study, we conducted a combined analysis of individual-participant data from 19 high-income countries using two large-scale data sources: the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (96 cohorts, median baseline years 1961-2007, median latest follow-up years 1980-2013) and the UK Biobank (median baseline year 2006, median latest follow-up year 2020). We calculated age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality according to age at diagnosis of diabetes using data from 1 515 718 participants, in whom deaths were recorded during 23·1 million person-years of follow-up. We estimated cumulative survival by applying age-specific HRs to age-specific death rates from 2015 for the USA and the EU. FINDINGS For participants with diabetes, we observed a linear dose-response association between earlier age at diagnosis and higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with participants without diabetes. HRs were 2·69 (95% CI 2·43-2·97) when diagnosed at 30-39 years, 2·26 (2·08-2·45) at 40-49 years, 1·84 (1·72-1·97) at 50-59 years, 1·57 (1·47-1·67) at 60-69 years, and 1·39 (1·29-1·51) at 70 years and older. HRs per decade of earlier diagnosis were similar for men and women. Using death rates from the USA, a 50-year-old individual with diabetes died on average 14 years earlier when diagnosed aged 30 years, 10 years earlier when diagnosed aged 40 years, or 6 years earlier when diagnosed aged 50 years than an individual without diabetes. Using EU death rates, the corresponding estimates were 13, 9, or 5 years earlier. INTERPRETATION Every decade of earlier diagnosis of diabetes was associated with about 3-4 years of lower life expectancy, highlighting the need to develop and implement interventions that prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and to intensify the treatment of risk factors among young adults diagnosed with diabetes. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health and Care Research, and Health Data Research UK.
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Ihle‐Hansen H, Vigen T, Berge T, Walle‐Hansen MM, Hagberg G, Ihle‐Hansen H, Thommessen B, Ariansen I, Røsjø H, Rønning OM, Tveit A, Lyngbakken M. Carotid Plaque Score for Stroke and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in a Middle-Aged Cohort From the General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030739. [PMID: 37609981 PMCID: PMC10547315 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the predictive value of the carotid plaque score, compared with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) risk prediction algorithm, on incident ischemic stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events and establish a prognostic cutoff of the carotid plaque score. Methods and Results In the prospective ACE 1950 (Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 study), carotid plaque score was calculated with ultrasonography at inclusion in 2012 to 2015. The largest plaque diameter in each extracranial segment of the carotid artery on both sides was scored from 0 to 3 points. The sum of points in all segments provided the carotid plaque score. The cohort was followed up by linkage to national registries for incident ischemic stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events (nonfatal ischemic stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) throughout 2020. Carotid plaque score was available in 3650 (98.5%) participants, with mean±SD age of 63.9±0.64 years at inclusion. Only 462 (12.7%) participants were free of plaque, and and 970 (26.6%) had a carotid plaque score of >3. Carotid plaque score predicted ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.15-1.36]) and major adverse cardiovascular events (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.14-1.27]) after adjustment for SCORE2 and provided strong incremental prognostic information to SCORE2. The best cutoff value of carotid plaque score for ischemic stroke was >3, with positive predictive value of 2.5% and negative predictive value of 99.3%. Conclusions The carotid plaque score is a strong predictor of ischemic stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events, and it provides incremental prognostic information to SCORE2 for risk prediction. A cutoff score of >3 seems to be suitable to discriminate high-risk subjects. Registration Information clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01555411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ihle‐Hansen
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
| | - Thea Vigen
- Division of Medicine, Department of NeurologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
| | - Marte M. Walle‐Hansen
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
- Stroke Unit, Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Hege Ihle‐Hansen
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
- Stroke Unit, Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Bente Thommessen
- Division of Medicine, Department of NeurologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Research and InnovationAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Ole Morten Rønning
- Division of Medicine, Department of NeurologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Department of Medical ResearchBærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital TrustGjettumNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Magnus Lyngbakken
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Medicine, Department of CardiologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
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Dalene KE, Lergenmuller S, Sund ER, Hopstock LA, Robsahm TE, Nilssen Y, Nystad W, Larsen IK, Ariansen I. Clustering and trajectories of key noncommunicable disease risk factors in Norway: the NCDNOR project. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14479. [PMID: 37660221 PMCID: PMC10475033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of premature death globally and have common preventable risk factors. In Norway, the NCDNOR-project aims at establishing new knowledge in the prevention of NCDs by combining information from national registries with data from population-based health studies. In the present study, we aimed to harmonize data on key NCD risk factors from the health studies, describe clustering of risk factors using intersection diagrams and latent class analysis, and identify long-term risk factor trajectories using latent class mixed models. The harmonized study sample consisted of 808,732 individuals (1,197,158 participations). Two-thirds were exposed to ≥ 1 NCD risk factor (daily smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia). In individuals exposed to ≥ 2 risk factors (24%), we identified five distinct clusters, all characterized by fewer years of education and lower income compared to individuals exposed to < 2 risk factors. We identified distinct long-term trajectories of smoking intensity, leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, and blood lipids. Individuals in the trajectories tended to differ across sex, education, and body mass index. This provides important insights into the mechanisms by which NCD risk factors can occur and may help the development of interventions aimed at preventing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway.
| | - Simon Lergenmuller
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, PO Box 5313, 0304, Oslo, Majorstuen, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Oslo, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Yngvar Nilssen
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, PO Box 5313, 0304, Oslo, Majorstuen, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway
| | - Inger Kristin Larsen
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, PO Box 5313, 0304, Oslo, Majorstuen, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway
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Ihle-Hansen H, Bøås H, Tapia G, Hagberg G, Ihle-Hansen H, Berild JD, Selmer R, Karlstad Ø, Gulseth HL, Ariansen I. Stroke After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine: A Nationwide Registry Study. Stroke 2023; 54:e190-e193. [PMID: 36994734 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Whether the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines may cause a transient increased stroke risk is uncertain.
METHODS:
In a registry-based cohort of all adult residents at December 27, 2020, in Norway, we linked individual-level data on COVID-19 vaccination, positive SARS-CoV-2 test, hospital admissions, cause of death, health care worker status, and nursing home resident status extracted from the Emergency Preparedness Register for COVID-19 in Norway. The cohort was followed for incident intracerebral bleeding, ischemic stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage within the first 28 days after the first/second or third dose of mRNA vaccination until January 24, 2022. Stroke risk after vaccination relative to time not exposed to vaccination was assessed by Cox proportional hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, risk groups, health care personnel, and nursing home resident.
RESULTS:
The cohort included 4 139 888 people, 49.8% women, and 6.7% were ≥80 years of age. During the first 28 days after an mRNA vaccine, 2104 people experienced a stroke (82% ischemic stroke, 13% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 5% subarachnoid hemorrhage). Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) after the first/second and after the third mRNA vaccine doses were 0.92 (0.85–1.00) and 0.89 (0.73–1.08) for ischemic stroke, 0.81 (0.67–0.98) and 1.05 (0.64–1.71) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 0.64 (0.46–0.87) and 1.12 (0.57–2.19) for subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
We did not find increased risk of stroke during the first 28 days after an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Norway (Håkon Ihle-Hansen)
| | - Håkon Bøås
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines (H.B., J.D.B.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Department of Chronic Diseases (G.T., R.S., Ø.K., I.A.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway (G.H., Hege Ihle-Hansen)
| | - Hege Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway (G.H., Hege Ihle-Hansen)
| | - Jacob Dag Berild
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines (H.B., J.D.B.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Selmer
- Department of Chronic Diseases (G.T., R.S., Ø.K., I.A.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Department of Chronic Diseases (G.T., R.S., Ø.K., I.A.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Løvdal Gulseth
- Division of Mental and Physical Health (H.L.G.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases (G.T., R.S., Ø.K., I.A.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Mishra A, Zhou B, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Bixby H, Singleton RK, Carrillo-Larco RM, Sheffer KE, Paciorek CJ, Bennett JE, Lhoste V, Iurilli MLC, Di Cesare M, Bentham J, Phelps NH, Sophiea MK, Stevens GA, Danaei G, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Riley LM, Gregg EW, Aekplakorn W, Ahmad NA, Baker JL, Chirita-Emandi A, Farzadfar F, Fink G, Heinen M, Ikeda N, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laatikainen T, Laxmaiah A, Ma J, Monroy-Valle M, Mridha MK, Padez CP, Reynolds A, Sorić M, Starc G, Wirth JP, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Ghaffar SA, Abdul Rahim HF, Abdurrahmonova Z, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Garba JA, Acosta-Cazares B, Adam I, Adamczyk M, Adams RJ, Adu-Afarwuah S, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agbor VN, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguenaou H, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmadi N, Ahmed I, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Aitmurzaeva G, Ajlouni K, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Lahou B, Al-Raddadi R, Al Hourani HM, Al Qaoud NM, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Aldwairji MA, Alexius S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Alkhatib BM, Allin K, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Etxezarreta PA, Amoah J, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Androutsos O, Ängquist L, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anufrieva E, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aseffa N, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assembekov B, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdičová M, Avi S, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Jørgensen MB, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Bakacs M, Balakrishna N, Balanova Y, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Banegas JR, Baran J, Baran R, Barbagallo CM, Filho VB, Barceló A, Baretić M, Barkat A, Barnoya J, Barrera L, Barreto M, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bartosiewicz A, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista AP, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Baur LA, Bayauli PM, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Rolandi GEB, Bere E, Bergh IH, Berhane Y, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Carrasola XB, Bettiol H, Beutel ME, Beybey AF, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Biasch K, Lele ECB, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard AA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Magnazu MB, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boer JMA, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Boymatova K, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Briceño Y, Brinduse L, Brito M, Brophy S, Brug J, Bruno G, Bugge A, Buntinx F, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Caixeta RB, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano R, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Casas M, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes‐Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan A, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Rahim NCA, Chee ML, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheng YJ, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chinapaw MJM, Chinnock A, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Cirillo M, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Cortés LY, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Cross AJ, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, Csányi T, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, Cuschieri S, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dacica L, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, de Assis MAA, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Curtis A, de Fragas Hinnig P, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Miguel-Etayo P, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro V, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Dereń K, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo A, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Fernández PD, Ripollés MPD, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Dominguez L, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Dong G, Dong Y, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Dragano N, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duleva VL, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dyussupova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Echeverría G, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ammari L, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Endevelt R, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Ergor G, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhradiyev I, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Sant’Angelo VF, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Fawzi WW, Feigl E, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari G, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fisberg M, Fischer K, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Fras Z, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furdela V, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Cuesta MG, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Gao P, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Mérida MJG, Solano MG, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, George R, Ghaderi E, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gieger C, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Glushkova N, Gluškova N, Godara R, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldberg M, Goltzman D, Gómez G, Gómez JHG, Gomez LF, Gómez SF, Gomula A, da Silva BGC, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, González-Alvarez AD, Gonzalez-Chica DA, González-Gil EM, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Gregório MJ, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guajardo V, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo XH, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, González EG, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Gwee X, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hanekom WA, Hange D, Hanif AAM, Hantunen S, Hao J, Hardman CM, Kumar RH, Lassen TH, Harooni J, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felső R, Heier M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, dos Santos Henrique R, Henriques A, Cadena LH, Herrala S, Herrera-Cuenca M, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Herzig KH, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Höfelmann DA, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huiart L, Petrescu CH, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Iakupova EM, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Ikram MA, Iñiguez C, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Isiguzo GC, Islam M, Islam SMS, Islek D, Ivanova-Pandourska IY, Iwasaki M, Jääskeläinen T, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jadoul M, Jafar T, Jallow B, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Jansson A, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Josipović J, Joukar F, Jóźwiak JJ, Judge DS, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Simina IJ, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kaj M, Kajantie EO, Kakutia N, Kállayová D, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kampmann FB, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karaglani E, Karakosta A, Kårhus LL, Karki KB, Katchunga PB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Kaze FF, Ke C, Keil U, Boker LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khaledifar A, Khalili D, Khaw KT, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl SJ, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Kingston A, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovács É, Kovacs VA, Kovalskys I, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratenova J, Kratzer W, Kriaucioniene V, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krizan H, Kroker-Lobos MF, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kruger R, Kryst Ł, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kulimbet M, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kutsenko V, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Lachat C, Lackner KJ, Laid Y, Lall L, Lam TH, Jimenez ML, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Larissa SP, Latt TS, Laurenzi M, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Coroller G, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Leskošek B, Leszczak J, Leth-Møller KB, Leung GM, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim C, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Lingam V, Linkohr B, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo WC, Loit HM, Long KQ, Abril GL, Lopes L, Lopes MVV, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Łuszczki E, M’Buyamba-Kabangu JR, Ma G, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Macia E, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Madsen AL, Maestre GE, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Rao KM, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Manix MI, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manyanga T, Manzato E, Marcil A, Margozzini P, Mariño J, Markaki A, Markey O, Ioannidou EM, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Maruszczak K, Marventano S, Masala G, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matłosz P, Matsha TE, Matsudo V, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNairy ML, McNulty BA, Benchekor SM, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Melgarejo JD, Melkumova M, Mello J, Méndez F, Mendivil CO, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Menzano MT, Meshram II, Meto DT, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miłkowska K, Miller JC, Milushkina O, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi MR, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Montenegro Mendoza RA, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moosazadeh M, Mopa HT, Moradpour F, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morey F, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Moslem A, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mostafavi SA, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Movsesyan Y, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Muca F, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Münzel T, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Milanović SM, Musil V, Musinguzi G, Muyer MTMC, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Nalecz H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Naseri T, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nekkantti C, Nelis K, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Ng TP, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Ni MY, Nicolescu R, Nie P, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishi N, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, Nunes B, Nurk E, Nuwaha F, Nyirenda M, O’Neill TW, O’Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Odili AN, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Omar SM, Onat A, Ong SK, Onland-Moret NC, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, de Paiva KM, Pająk A, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Paoli M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Pareja RG, Park SW, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pattussi M, Pavlyshyn H, Pechlaner R, Pećin I, Pednekar MS, Pedro JM, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Kovtun OP, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pfeiffer N, Phall MC, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Platonova AG, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Polka NS, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Posch G, Poudyal A, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Prista A, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puiu M, Punab M, Qadir MS, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Quiroga-Padilla PJ, Bao TQ, Rach S, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajabov T, Rakhmatulloev S, Rakovac I, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramadan OPC, Ramires VV, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangelova LS, Rarra V, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Renner JDP, Repasy JA, Reuter CP, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Rho Y, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Richter A, Rigo F, Rigotti A, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito AI, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Roa RG, Robinson L, Robitaille C, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Rohner F, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rouzier V, Roy JGR, Ruano MH, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Moreno ER, Rusakova IA, Jonsson KR, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Saamel M, Sabanayagam C, Sabbaghi H, Sacchini E, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Saleva C, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Samoutian M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Rodríguez IS, Sandjaja, Sans S, Marina LS, Santacruz E, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos O, Santos R, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Savy M, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schneider A, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schulze MB, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera G, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševčíková Ľ, Shalnova S, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, de Moura Silva CR, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina NA, Skodje G, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Jérome CS, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun CA, Sun L, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thuesen BH, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao YH, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojciech R, Wojtyniak B, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, García MY, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ezzati M. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development. Nature 2023; 615:874-883. [PMID: 36991188 PMCID: PMC10060164 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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Lyngbakken MN, Kvisvik B, Berge T, Pervez MO, Aagaard EN, Ariansen I, Omland T, Tveit A, Steine K, Røsjø H. Serial blood pressure measurements, left ventricular remodelling and cardiovascular outcomes. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13876. [PMID: 36120822 PMCID: PMC10078318 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Whether serial blood pressure (BP) measurements are more closely associated with subclinical left ventricular (LV) remodelling and better predict risk of cardiovascular events over individual BP measurements are not known. METHODS We assessed systolic BP, diastolic BP and pulse pressure at several time points during adulthood in 1333 women and 1211 men participating in the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. We defined serial BP measurements as the sum of averaged BPs from adjacent consecutive visits indexed to total exposure time between measurements. We assessed the associations between serial and individual BP measurements and (1) LV structure, function and volumes and (2) incident myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular death. RESULTS All indices of higher serial BP measurements were associated with increased indexed LV mass, and the associations were stronger than those of individual BP measurements. Serial diastolic BP pressure was strongly and inversely associated with LV systolic function, while higher serial systolic BP was primarily associated with higher LV volumes. Both serial systolic (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17) and diastolic BPs (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) were associated with increased incidence of clinical events. CONCLUSION In healthy community dwellers without established cardiovascular disease, different serial BP indices associate strongly with LV remodelling and cardiovascular outcomes. Whether the use of serial BP indices for guiding treatment is superior to individual measurements should be explored in additional prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brede Kvisvik
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Research, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Mohammad Osman Pervez
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Erika Nerdrum Aagaard
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Research, Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Kjetil Steine
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Hegelund ER, Kjerpeseth LJ, Mortensen LH, Igland J, Berge T, Anjum M, Tell GS, Ariansen I. Prevalence and Incidence Rates of Atrial Fibrillation in Denmark 2004–2018. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1193-1204. [PMCID: PMC9618383 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s374468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To estimate the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Denmark during 2004–2018 and to investigate whether methodological choices influence these estimates. Patients and Methods A register-based cohort study was conducted of all individuals aged ≥18 years in Denmark 2004–2018. The cumulative prevalence of AF at the end of the study period was calculated as the number of AF cases alive with at least one inpatient or two outpatient diagnoses during 1994–2018 divided by the number of Danish residents in 2018. Incidence rates were calculated as the number of annual AF cases with no previous diagnosis in the past 10 years (ie, a 10-year washout period) divided by the person-time contributed by the population free of AF on 1 January in the same calendar year. Furthermore, the influence of varying case definitions was investigated. Results The cumulative prevalence of AF was 3.0% in 2018. The incidence rate increased from 391 to 481 per 100,000 person-years (PYs) from 2004 to 2015 (1.7% average annual increase) after which it declined to 367 per 100,000 PYs in 2018 (8.5% average annual decrease). This pattern was observed in both sexes irrespective of age. Methodological choices, particularly the case definition’s strictness and the length of the washout period, had a substantial influence on the reported estimates. Conclusion The cumulative prevalence of AF is currently around 3.0% in the Danish population, but the incidence has declined since 2015. As these estimates are influenced by methodological choices, future studies should strive for precise reporting of study methodology. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ov6Ab_Q65eU
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie R Hegelund
- Methodology and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars J Kjerpeseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Methodology and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Mariam Anjum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Inger Ariansen, Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, Oslo, N-0213, Norway, Tel +47 21 07 70 00, Fax +47 22 35 36 05, Email
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Anjum M, Ariansen I, Hjellvik V, Kjerpeseth LJ, Selmer R, Skovlund E, Ellekjaer H, Christophersen IE, Myrstad M, Tveit A, Berge T. Stroke rates in non-anticoagulated individuals with and without atrial fibrillation and one non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor: a nationwide registry-based cohort (Atrial Fibrillation in Norway – AFNOR). Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stroke prevention is fundamental in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, in patients with intermediate risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score 2 in women; 1 in men) the net clinical benefit of oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment is uncertain, as the treatment effect must be carefully balanced against the potential bleeding risk. Moreover, multiple risk factors included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score increase the risk of stroke independent of AF.
Purpose
We aimed to compare rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke between non-anticoagulated individuals with and without AF in a nationwide cohort of individuals at intermediate risk of stroke.
Method
We identified a cohort of non-anticoagulated Norwegian individuals with and without non-valvular AF aged ≥18 years, with one non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor linking data from the Norwegian Population Registry, Patient Registry, Prescription Database and Cause of Death Registry. AF and comorbidities were identified with minimum three-year look-back period at study start and successively during follow up. Individuals without AF entered the study at date of first registered non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor while individuals with AF entered at the first date when both AF and first CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor were registered. Individuals with and without AF were followed from study start in 2011 until occurrence of stroke, death, emigration, OAC claim, increased CHA2DS2-VASc score or end of follow-up on December 31, 2018. Rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke were calculated as the number of stroke cases per 100 person-years with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
During 2011–2018, a total of 61,762 individuals with AF at intermediate risk of stroke and no previous OAC use were identified (mean age 63.2±7.6 years (SD); 37% women). In the AF population, a total of 1,304 ischemic strokes were registered during 109,881 person-years, and 127 haemorrhagic strokes during 109,559 person-years. In the corresponding intermediate risk non-AF population, 1,099,655 individuals (mean age 59.5±10.2 years (SD); 49.5% women) were identified, with a total of 6,081 ischemic strokes during 4,037,940 person-years and 3,037 haemorrhagic strokes during 4,022,952 person-years.
The rate of ischemic stroke was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.12–1.25) in AF-patients and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.15–0.15) in non-AF individuals per 100 person-years, corresponding to a rate difference of 1.04 excess stroke cases per 100 person-years in AF patients. The haemorrhagic stroke rate was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.10–0.14) in AF-patients and 0.08 (95% CI, 0.07–0.08) per 100 person-years in non-AF individuals. Similar rate differences were seen in both men and women.
Conclusion
In a nationwide population with one non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor and without OAC treatment, we found higher stroke rate in AF patients compared to the rest of the population without AF, with a stroke rate difference of ∼1% per year. Haemorrhagic stroke rates were generally low.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anjum
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research , Gjettum , Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases , Oslo , Norway
| | - V Hjellvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases , Oslo , Norway
| | - L J Kjerpeseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases , Oslo , Norway
| | - R Selmer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases , Oslo , Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health and Nursing , Trondheim , Norway
| | - H Ellekjaer
- St Olavs Hospital, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science , Trondheim , Norway
| | - I E Christophersen
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research , Gjettum , Norway
| | - M Myrstad
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research , Gjettum , Norway
| | - A Tveit
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research , Gjettum , Norway
| | - T Berge
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research , Gjettum , Norway
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Hagen AN, Ariansen I, Hanssen TA, Lappegård KT, Eggen AE, Løchen ML, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Hopstock LA. Achievements of primary prevention targets in individuals with high risk of cardiovascular disease: an 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø study. Eur Heart J Open 2022; 2:oeac061. [PMID: 36284643 PMCID: PMC9583183 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aims To study change over 8 years in cardiovascular risk, achievement of national guideline-based treatment targets of lipids, blood pressure (BP) and smoking in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medication use, and characteristics associated with target achievement among individuals with high CVD risk in a general population. Methods and results We followed 2524 women and men aged 40-79 years with high risk of CVD attending the population-based Tromsø study in 2007-08 (Tromsø6) to their participation in the next survey in 2015-16 (Tromsø7). We used descriptive statistics and regression models to study change in CVD risk and medication use, and characteristics associated with treatment target achievement. In total, 71.4% reported use of BP- and/or lipid-lowering medication at second screening. Overall, CVD risk decreased during follow-up, with a larger decrease among medication users compared with non-users. Treatment target achievement was 31.0% for total cholesterol <5 mmol/L, 27.3% for LDL cholesterol <3 mmol/L, 43.4% for BP <140/90 (<135/85 if diabetes) mmHg, and 85.4% for non-smoking. A total of 9.8% reached all treatment targets combined. Baseline risk factor levels and current medication use had the strongest associations with treatment target achievement. Conclusion We found an overall improvement in CVD risk factors among high-risk individuals over 8 years. However, guideline-based treatment target achievement was relatively low for all risk factors except smoking. Medication use was the strongest characteristic associated with achieving treatment targets. This study has demonstrated that primary prevention of CVD continues to remain a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Nilsen Hagen
- Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Parkveien 96, Nordland, 8005 Bodø, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Folkehelseinstituttet, Postboks 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Aminda Hanssen
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge HF Postboks 100, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Knut Tore Lappegård
- Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Parkveien 96, Nordland, 8005 Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge HF Postboks 100, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, UiT Noregs arktiske universitet Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Rønningen PS, Berge T, Solberg MG, Enger S, Pervez MO, Orstad EB, Kvisvik B, Aagaard EN, Lyngbakken MN, Ariansen I, Røsjø H, Steine K, Tveit A. Impact of Blood Pressure in the Early 40s on Left Atrial Volumes in the Mid-60s: Data From the ACE 1950 Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023738. [PMID: 35621203 PMCID: PMC9238725 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Echocardiographic measures of left atrial volumes are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events and important for assessing diastolic dysfunction. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of factors influencing left atrial remodeling. In particular, the impact of blood pressure in those in their early 40s on left atrial volumes later in life has not been sufficiently elucidated. Methods and Results We linked data from individuals born in 1950 who participated in the Age 40 Program, and the ACE (Akershus Cardiac Examination) 1950 Study. We divided the study population into quartiles of systolic blood pressure in their early 40s and assessed the proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium in their mid‐60s. The associations between blood pressure and left atrial volumes were assessed in linear regression analyses. Of the 2591 individuals included in this study, 1302 (50.3%) were women, and the mean age in the Age 40 Program was 40.1±0.3 years. Systolic blood pressure was 128.1±13.6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure was 78.3±9.5 mm Hg. Mean age in the ACE 1950 Study was 64.0±0.6 years. The proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium increased across the quartiles of systolic blood pressure (P=0.001). Systolic blood pressure was independently associated with left atrial volumes; the end‐systolic volume was 0.09 mL (95% CI, 0.04–0.14 mL) larger per 1‐mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that increased blood pressure in those in their early 40s is relevant for left atrial remodeling later in life. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01555411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Selmer Rønningen
- Department of Medical Research Bærum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital Trust Gjettum Norway.,Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research Bærum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital Trust Gjettum Norway
| | - Magnar Gangås Solberg
- Department of Medical Research Bærum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital Trust Gjettum Norway.,Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Steve Enger
- Department of Medical Research Bærum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital Trust Gjettum Norway
| | - Mohammad Osman Pervez
- Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Eivind Bjørkan Orstad
- Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Brede Kvisvik
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Erika Nerdrum Aagaard
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Deparment of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Division for Research and Innovation Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Kjetil Steine
- Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Division of Medicine Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Department of Medical Research Bærum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital Trust Gjettum Norway.,Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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15
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Caspersen NF, Søyseth V, Lyngbakken MN, Berge T, Ariansen I, Tveit A, Røsjø H, Einvik G. Treatable Traits in Misdiagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2022; 9:165-180. [PMID: 35158418 PMCID: PMC9166336 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often misdiagnosed. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of misdiagnosed COPD in middle-aged Norwegians, and to assess potentially treatable clinical traits in over- and undiagnosed individuals. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1950 Study is a population-based study of the 1950 birth cohort of Akershus county including 3706 participants aged 62-65 years at baseline. COPD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio < lower limit of normal (LLN). Misdiagnosed COPD was defined according to self-reported COPD. A total of 259 (7.1%) participants had spirometry confirmed COPD. Of these, only 72 (28%) reported having COPD, thus 187 (72%) were undiagnosed. A total of 92 (2.5%) of the 164 particpants who reported having COPD had an FEV1/FVC ratio ≥ LLN and were overdiagnosed. They had lower lung function, and more respiratory symptoms, self-reported asthma, eosinophils, and sleep apnea than other non-COPD participants . The main predictor of being overdiagnosed was overweight. Spirometry in participants reporting wheezing or cough and current smokers or participants with ≥20 tobacco pack-year history would have identified 85% of the undiagnosed cases. CONCLUSION Both over- and underdiagnosis of COPD is frequent. Undiagnosed individuals have better lung function and less symptoms, but similar prevalence of comorbidities and systemic inflammation. Overdiagnosed individuals have treatable traits including asthma, eosinophilic inflammation, and sleep apnea. The main predictor of being overdiagnosed was being overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Faksvåg Caspersen
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Søyseth
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunnar Einvik
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Saeed M, Stene LC, Ariansen I, Tell GS, Tapia G, Joner G, Skrivarhaug T. Nine-fold higher risk of acute myocardial infarction in subjects with type 1 diabetes compared to controls in Norway 1973-2017. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:59. [PMID: 35477506 PMCID: PMC9047315 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the cumulative incidence and risk factors (sex, age, calendar year of diabetes onset, country of origin and educational level) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and matched controls. METHODS A nationwide cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age < 15 years in Norway during 1973-2000 was followed until the first AMI event, emigration, death or 31st of December 2017. The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry was linked to five nationwide registries, and up to ten sex- and age-matched controls per case were included. RESULTS Among 7086 subjects with type 1 diabetes, 170 (2.4%) were identified with incident AMI, compared to 193 (0.3%) of 69,356 controls. Mean age and diabetes duration at first AMI was 40.8 years and 30.6 years, respectively. The probability of AMI after 40 years of follow-up was 8.0% in subjects with type 1 diabetes and 1.1% in controls, aHR 9.05 (95% CI 7.18-11.41). In type 1 diabetes, male sex (aHR 1.45), higher age at onset of diabetes and lower education (higher compared to lower, aHR 0.38) were significantly associated with higher risk of AMI. There was no significant time trend in AMI by calendar year of diabetes onset. CONCLUSIONS We found nine-fold excess risk of AMI in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and three-fold higher risk in subjects with low versus high education. These results highlight a strengthened focus on prevention of cardiovascular disease, and diabetes education tailored to the subjects' educational background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeed
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars C Stene
- Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Aagaard EN, Lyngbakken MN, Kvisvik B, Berge T, Pervez MO, Ariansen I, Tveit A, Steine K, Røsjø H, Omland T. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers, and left ventricular mechanical dispersion: insights from the ACE 1950 Study. European Heart Journal Open 2022; 2:oeac006. [PMID: 35919126 PMCID: PMC9242045 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims Mechanical dispersion measures left ventricular contraction heterogeneity and is associated with the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, the associations between mechanical dispersion and cardiovascular risk factors in early mid-life, and established biomarkers of sub-clinical myocardial injury and dysfunction are not known. We aimed to examine this in the general population. Methods and results During 2012–15, we included 2527 Norwegian individuals from the general population born in 1950, with measurements of mechanical dispersion by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography and concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) available. Mechanical dispersion was calculated as the standard deviation of the contraction duration of 17 strain segments. We assessed the associations between mechanical dispersion, concentrations of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular risk factors collected at a national health screening survey two decades earlier. At echocardiography baseline, median age was 64 (interquartile range 63.5–64.5) years, 49.8% were women, 59.1% had hypertension, and 5.9% reported established coronary artery disease. Median mechanical dispersion was 38.0 (29.5–47.0) ms, median hs-cTnT concentration 6 (4–8) ng/L, and the median NT-proBNP concentration 54 (34–93) ng/L. Mechanical dispersion was associated with both hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP concentrations in multivariable models adjusted for clinical and echocardiographic variables. High body mass index, serum triglyceride concentrations, and low resting heart rate at Age 40 were independently associated with increased mechanical dispersion two decades later. Conclusion Established risk factors at Age 40 are associated with mechanical dispersion two decades later, and mechanical dispersion is cross-sectionally associated with biomarkers of subclinical myocardial injury and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Aagaard
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus N Lyngbakken
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Brede Kvisvik
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Norway
| | - Mohammad O Pervez
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust , Norway
| | - Kjetil Steine
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
- Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital , Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is currently rising partly due to population ageing. However, reported trends in incidence rates are conflicting, and the comparability of existing reports is limited due to methodological inconsistencies across studies.
Purpose
The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of AF in the Danish adult population and time trends in incidence rates from 2004 through 2018. As a secondary purpose, the prevalence and incidence were compared to corresponding Norwegian estimates from 2004 through 2014 derived using the same methodology.
Methods
A register-based study was conducted including all individuals aged ≥18 years in Denmark from 2004–2018. AF cases were identified in the National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register, which comprise information on all hospital contacts and deaths in Denmark, respectively. The prevalence of AF was calculated as the number of individuals alive at the end of the study period with at least one registered diagnosis from 1994 through 2018 divided by the number of Danish residents aged ≥18 years. Incidence rates were calculated as the number of annual AF cases with no previous diagnosis noted in the past 10 years divided by the person-time contributed by the population free of AF on 1 January in the same calendar year. All incidence rates were standardized according to a Nordic standard population. The comparison of the Danish and Norwegian incidence estimates focused solely on AF hospitalizations and deaths from 2004 through 2014.
Results
The cumulative prevalence of AF was 3.0% in the Danish adult population. The incidence increased from 391 per 100,000 person-years in 2004 to 481 per 100,000 person-years in 2015, after which it declined to 367 per 100,000 person-years in 2018 (Figure 1). On average, the incidence increased by 1.7% annually until 2015 (IRR: 1.017 (95% CI: 1.016–1.018); p<0.001) and then declined by 8.5% (IRR: 0.915 (95% CI: 0.909–0.921); p<0.001). Although the incidence rates generally were higher among men and older individuals, a similar time trend was observed in both men and women irrespective of age. Focusing solely on AF hospitalizations and deaths did not change the interpretation of the results. The comparable Norwegian estimates will be presented at the conference.
Conclusions
The prevalence of AF is currently around 3.0% in the Danish adult population, but the incidence rate has declined steeply since 2015. The observed decline in new cases is promising from a public health perspective and its underlying causes warrant further investigation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk Foundation Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- E.R Hegelund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L.J Kjerpeseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - L.H Mortensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Igland
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Berge
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - M Anjum
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - G.S Tell
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Anjum M, Ariansen I, Hjellvik V, Kjerpeseth L, Selmer R, Skovlund E, Egeland G, Christophersen I, Myrstad M, Tveit A, Berge T. Oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients at intermediate risk of stroke: a nationwide registry-based cohort (Atrial Fibrillation in Norway – AFNOR). Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The effect of oral anticoagulants (OAC) on prevention of stroke must be carefully balanced against the potential risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The net benefit of OAC in AF patients at intermediate risk of stroke remains unclear.
Aim
We aimed to determine whether the rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke differ between users and non-users of OAC in a nationwide cohort of AF patients at intermediate risk of stroke.
Method
We investigated the association between initiation of OAC treatment and rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke in a cohort of Norwegian patients with non-valvular AF aged ≥18 years with one non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor registered from 2011 to 2018, linking data from the Norwegian Population Registry, Patient Registry, Prescription Database and Cause of Death Registry. Individuals using OAC at baseline were excluded. Each individual had at least a three years look-back period for identification of their first non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor, after which they entered the study cohort and were followed until occurrence of stroke, death, emigration, higher CHA2DS2-VASc score or end of follow-up on December 31, 2018. Individuals were defined as exposed to OAC from the first redeemed prescription of OAC with a reimbursement code for AF and throughout follow-up. Rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke were calculated as the number of stroke cases per 100 person-years, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
During 2011–2018, a total of 61,631 individuals with AF and intermediate risk of stroke were included (mean age 63,8±7,6 years (SD); 37% women), of whom 75% initiated OAC treatment. In total, 1709 ischemic strokes (405 cases in OAC users and 1304 in non-users) were registered during 214,738 person-years, and 378 haemorrhagic strokes (251 cases in OAC users and 127 in non-users) during 213,487 person-years. The rate of ischemic stroke was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.35–0.43) and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.12–1.25) per 100 person-years in OAC users and non-users, respectively. The haemorrhagic stroke rate was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.21–0-27) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.10–0.14) per 100 person-years in OAC users and non-users, respectively. Both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke rates were highest among those over 65 years of age (Figure 1).
Conclusion
In a nationwide cohort of Norwegian AF patients at intermediate risk of stroke, three out of four initiated treatment with OAC. Use of OAC was associated with a considerably lower rate of ischemic stroke compared to non-OAC use. Although haemorrhagic stroke rates were increased in the OAC-users vs. non-users, the hemorrhagic stroke rates were generally low.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Vestre Viken Health Trust Figure 1. Rates of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke per 100 person-years in AF-patients at intermediate risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 in men, score 2 in women) by OAC use during 2011 to 2018. Age corresponds to age at attainment of the first non-sex CHA2DS2-VASc risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anjum
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Hjellvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - L.J Kjerpeseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Selmer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G.M Egeland
- Norwegian National Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Registries, Bergen, Norway
| | - I.E Christophersen
- Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Myrstad
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - A Tveit
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - T Berge
- Baerum Hospital Vestre Viken Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
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20
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Zhou B, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, Riley LM, Paciorek CJ, Stevens GA, Gregg EW, Bennett JE, Solomon B, Singleton RK, Sophiea MK, Iurilli MLC, Lhoste VPF, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Woodward M, Balanova Y, Cifkova R, Damasceno A, Elliott P, Farzadfar F, He J, Ikeda N, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Kim HC, Laxmaiah A, Lin HH, Margozzini Maira P, Miranda JJ, Neuhauser H, Sundström J, Varghese C, Widyahening IS, Zdrojewski T, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdul Rahim HF, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmadi N, Ahmadizar F, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Al-Raddadi R, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Allin K, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansong D, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Auvinen J, Avdićová M, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Bahijri S, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Banadinović M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barreto M, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bartosiewicz A, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Benson LS, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bhargava SK, Bia D, Biasch K, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Boyer CB, Braeckman L, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Briceño Y, Brito M, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bueno G, Bugge A, Burns C, Bursztyn M, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cameron C, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carvalho J, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Chadjigeorgiou CA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Chee ML, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Cherkaoui Dekkaki I, Chetrit A, Chien KL, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, Csilla S, Cui L, Cureau FV, Cuschieri S, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro VJ, Delisle H, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Diaz A, Dickerson TT, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dörr M, Doua K, Dragano N, Drygas W, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Dulskiene V, Dushpanova A, Džakula A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elosua R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Felix SB, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fink G, Fischer K, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furdela V, Furer A, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galvano F, Gao J, Gao P, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garcia P, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geleijnse JM, George R, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gieger C, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Goldberg M, Goldsmith RA, Gomez LF, Gomula A, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gorbea MB, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hange D, Hanif AAM, Hantunen S, Hao J, Hardman CM, Hari Kumar R, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He Y, Heier M, Hendriks ME, Henrique RDS, Henriques A, Hernandez Cadena L, Herqutanto, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Horasan Dinc G, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huiart L, Huisman M, Husseini AS, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Isiguzo GC, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jóżwiak J, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jureša V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalpourtzi N, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kampmann FB, Kannan S, Karaglani E, Kårhus LL, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kemper HCG, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw KT, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim J, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Kontto JP, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratenova J, Kriaucioniene V, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kutsenko V, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Le Coroller G, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Lingam V, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Lo WC, Loit HM, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukačević Lovrenčić I, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Lustigová M, Luszczki E, Ma G, Ma J, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Macia E, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Marcil A, Mårild SB, Marinović Glavić M, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Matasin M, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matlosz P, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, Mbanya JCN, Mc Donald Posso AJ, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Mendoza Montano C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michels N, Mikkel K, Milkowska K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Mirjalili MR, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi MR, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moosazadeh M, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mostafavi SA, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Mridha MK, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muhihi AJ, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Musa KI, Musić Milanović S, Musil V, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Narake S, Ndiaye NC, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QV, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Niiranen TJ, Nikitin YP, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Njelekela MA, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noorbala AA, Norat T, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nunes B, O'Neill TW, O'Reilly D, Ochimana C, Oda E, Odili AN, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohtsuka R, Olié V, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pahomova E, Paiva KMD, Pająk A, Palli D, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Paoli M, Papandreou D, Park SW, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pavlyshyn H, Pećin I, Pednekar MS, Pedro JM, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres KGDA, Peres MA, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Polašek O, Porta M, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Providencia R, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Queiroz D, Quoc Bao T, Radić I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rakhimova EM, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangel Reina DA, Rarra V, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Ritti-Dias RM, Robitaille C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz-Castell M, Rusakova IA, Russo P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sabbaghi H, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saidi O, Sakarya S, Saki N, Salanave B, Salazar Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarganas G, Sarrafzadegan N, Sathish T, Saum KU, Savva S, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schargrodsky H, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran M, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva CRDM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Sorić M, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Starc G, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Suka M, Sun CA, Sung YT, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy RG, Syddall HE, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tai ES, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thinggaard M, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thuesen BH, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Toft U, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tsugane S, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ulmer H, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, van Zutphen EM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Vasan SK, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Verstraeten R, Victora CG, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen A, Wade AN, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams EA, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong TY, Woo J, Wu FC, Wu S, Wyszynska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zejglicova K, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhen S, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet 2021; 398:957-980. [PMID: 34450083 PMCID: PMC8446938 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 938] [Impact Index Per Article: 312.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING WHO.
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Degerud E, Høiseth G, Mørland J, Ariansen I, Graff-Iversen S, Ystrom E, Zuccolo L, Tell GS, Næss Ø. Associations of Binge Drinking With the Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke: A Study of Pooled Norwegian Health Surveys. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1592-1603. [PMID: 33720294 PMCID: PMC8489425 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Norwegian health survey data (1987-2003) were analyzed to determine if binge drinking increases the risk of incident major events from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Among current drinkers reporting average alcohol intakes of 2.00-59.99 g/day (n = 44,476), frequent binge drinking (≥5 units at least once per month) was not associated with a greater risk of IHD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 1.09) or stroke (adjusted HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.19), in comparison with participants who reported that they never or only infrequently (less than once per month) had episodes of binge drinking. Participants with an average alcohol intake of 2.00-59.99 g/day had a lower risk of IHD in comparison with participants with very low intakes (<2.00 g/day), both among frequent binge drinkers (adjusted HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.80) and among never/infrequent binge drinkers (adjusted HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84). The findings suggest that frequent binge drinking, independent of average alcohol intake, does not increase the risk of incident IHD or stroke events. However, the findings should be interpreted in light of the limitations of the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Degerud
- Correspondence to Dr Eirik Degerud, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway (e-mail: )
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de Vries TI, Cooney MT, Selmer RM, Hageman SHJ, Pennells LA, Wood A, Kaptoge S, Xu Z, Westerink J, Rabanal KS, Tell GS, Meyer HE, Igland J, Ariansen I, Matsushita K, Blaha MJ, Nambi V, Peters R, Beckett N, Antikainen R, Bulpitt CJ, Muller M, Emmelot-Vonk MH, Trompet S, Jukema W, Ference BA, Halle M, Timmis AD, Vardas PE, Dorresteijn JAN, De Bacquer D, Di Angelantonio E, Visseren FLJ, Graham IM. SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2455-2467. [PMID: 34120185 PMCID: PMC8248997 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to derive and validate the SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) risk model to estimate 5- and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals aged over 70 years in four geographical risk regions. METHODS AND RESULTS Sex-specific competing risk-adjusted models for estimating CVD risk (CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke) were derived in individuals aged over 65 without pre-existing atherosclerotic CVD from the Cohort of Norway (28 503 individuals, 10 089 CVD events). Models included age, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Four geographical risk regions were defined based on country-specific CVD mortality rates. Models were recalibrated to each region using region-specific estimated CVD incidence rates and risk factor distributions. For external validation, we analysed data from 6 additional study populations {338 615 individuals, 33 219 CVD validation cohorts, C-indices ranged between 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.65] and 0.67 (0.64-0.69)}. Regional calibration of expected-vs.-observed risks was satisfactory. For given risk factor profiles, there was substantial variation across the four risk regions in the estimated 10-year CVD event risk. CONCLUSIONS The competing risk-adjusted SCORE2-OP model was derived, recalibrated, and externally validated to estimate 5- and 10-year CVD risk in older adults (aged 70 years or older) in four geographical risk regions. These models can be used for communicating the risk of CVD and potential benefit from risk factor treatment and may facilitate shared decision-making between clinicians and patients in CVD risk management in older persons.
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SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Ko Zaw K, Zdrojewski T, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Ezzati M, Filippi S. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. eLife 2021; 10:e60060. [PMID: 33685583 PMCID: PMC7943191 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nayu Ikeda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shoaib Afzal
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Ahmadi
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamel Ajlouni
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eman Aly
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
| | | | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana Araújo
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shina Avi
- Tel-Aviv University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Basit
- Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith Benedics
- Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yufang Bi
- Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Breda
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Chetrit
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cora L Craig
- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Dankner
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research
| | | | | | | | - Luc Dauchet
- University of Lille
- Lille University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Li Duan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anar Dushpanova
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
- University of Basel
| | | | | | | | - Heba M Fouad
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mihai Gafencu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Goldberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Paris University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yin Guo
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Hao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning
| | - Yuna He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Henriques
- Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yves Kameli
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Katz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Slawomir Koziel
- PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edwige Landais
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | - Vera Lanska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Lin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Liu
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Maggi
- Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Maire
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | - Päivi Mäki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaume Marrugat
- CIBERCV
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Mi
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - GK Mini
- Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie Moitry
- University of Strasbourg
- Strasbourg University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Motta
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jana Námešná
- Banska Bystrica Regional Authority of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keiu Nelis
- National Institute for Health Development
| | - Liis Nelis
- National Institute for Health Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yury P Nikitin
- SB RAS Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Marianna Noale
- Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eha Nurk
- National Institute for Health Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyungwon Oh
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Claes Ohlsson
- University of Gothenburg
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Panza
- IRCCS Ente Ospedaliero Specializzato in Gastroenterologia S. de Bellis
| | | | | | - Suyeon Park
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | - Ionela M Pascanu
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raluca M Pop
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures
| | | | - Miquel Porta
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Puiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manu Raj
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafel Ramos
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Rito
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nader Saki
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Savvas Savva
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health
| | - Mathilde Savy
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aletta E Schutte
- University of New South Wales
- The George Institute for Global Health
| | | | | | | | - Abhijit Sen
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences of the National Research Council
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liam Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lela Sturua
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucjan Szponar
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Traissac
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
| | | | | | | | - Oanh TH Trinh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilad Twig
- Tel-Aviv University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunice Ugel
- Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anette Varbo
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | - Tomas Vega
- Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucie Viet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ningli Wang
- Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adelheid Weber
- Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogdan Wojtyniak
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Woo
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jianfeng Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Haiquan Xu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
| | | | | | - Weili Yan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Educational Development Co. Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Zeng
- Peking University
- Duke University
| | | | | | - Dong Zhao
- Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital
| | | | - Wenhua Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Shiqi Zhen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | | | | | - Maigeng Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dan Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Marie Zins
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Paris University
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24
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Saeed M, Tapia G, Ariansen I, Stene LC, Seljeflot I, Tell GS, Skrivarhaug T, Joner G. Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:810-816. [PMID: 33408220 PMCID: PMC7896257 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether serum galectin-3 and other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based nationwide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Norway at <15 years of age during 1973-1982 was examined in 2002-2003 at a mean age of 33 years (range 21-44), with mean diabetes duration of 24 years (range 19-30). Subjects were followed through 31 December 2017 for their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using nationwide registries. Stored serum samples were available for 296 subjects and analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor, IL-18, hs-CRP, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), galectin-3, and high-sensitivity troponin T. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for CHD per SD increase in biomarker were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS Of 295 subjects, 40 (13.6%) had a documented CHD event during a mean follow-up of 14.4 years (range 0.5-16). IL-6 (aHR 1.32 [95% CI 1.07-1.63]), galectin-3 (aHR 1.44 [95% CI 1.09-1.80]), and TIMP-1 (aHR 1.37 [95% CI 1.04-1.81]) were significant predictors of CHD after adjustment for conventional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 was significantly associated with future CHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and if the results are replicated in larger studies, it may aid in prediction together with conventional risk factors for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeed
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars C Stene
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Ariansen I, Degerud E, Gjesdal K, Tell GS, Næss Ø. Examining the lower range of the association between alcohol intake and risk of incident hospitalization with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020; 31:100679. [PMID: 34095445 PMCID: PMC8164130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Evidence is sparse on the association between alcohol intakes in the lower range and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate self-reported low and moderate alcohol intakes and subsequent risk of incident AF among current drinkers. Methods Norwegian population-based health examination surveys assessing self-reported daily alcohol intake (mean grams per day) were linked to health and population registers. Hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence interval) for time to incident (first) hospitalization with AF by alcohol intake level were assessed by Cox regression, with adjustment for educational level and cardiovascular risk factors except blood pressure. Results The study population included 234,392 participants (49% men). Incident hospitalization with AF was identified in 5043 (2.2%) persons during a mean follow-up of 9 years. Compared to a very low alcohol intake of <1 unit weekly, a moderate consumption in the range of 1 to <2 units daily increased the risk of incident AF by 18% (HR 1.18 [1.06-1.32]). The average risk of incident AF increased by 9% per daily alcohol unit of 12 g (HR 1.09 [1.03, 1.14]). In sex-stratified analyses significant associations were found in men only. Conclusions We found that less than two alcohol units/day significantly increased the risk of incident AF, however, in men only. Reduction of even a moderate alcohol intake may thus reduce the risk of AF at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Degerud
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Gjesdal
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli MLC, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Danaei G, Chirita-Emandi A, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laxmaiah A, Malekzadeh R, Miranda JJ, Moon JS, Popovic SR, Sørensen TIA, Soric M, Starc G, Zainuddin AA, Gregg EW, Bhutta ZA, Black R, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdul Ghaffar S, Abdul Rahim HF, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Abubakar Garba J, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Aitmurzaeva G, Ajlouni K, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Allin K, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amiri P, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ängquist L, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Bæksgaard Jørgensen M, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Bennett JE, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bhutta ZA, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Brophy S, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro VJ, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, 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A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševcíková L, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran M, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skodje G, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Soric M, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Starc G, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanovic R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, 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Herck K, Van Minh H, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zocalo Y, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. Lancet 2020; 396:1511-1524. [PMID: 33160572 PMCID: PMC7658740 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5-19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. FINDINGS We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9-10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes-gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both-occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. INTERPRETATION The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU.
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Ariansen I, Igland J, Anjum M, Kjerpeseth L, Selmer R, Ellekjaer H, Kalstoe S, Christophersen I, Myrstad M, Ihle-Hansen H, Tveit A, Mortensen L, Tell G, Berge T. Time trends in incidence rates of atrial fibrillation-related strokes in Norway 2001–2014: a nationwide analysis using data from the cardiovascular disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stroke incidence rates declined in Norway during 2001 to 2014. Atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence rates were stable in the same period.
Purpose
We aimed to study time trends in incidence (first time) of acute stroke hospitalizations and stroke deaths associated with AF in Norway in the period 2001–2014.
Methods
Nationwide hospital discharge diagnoses in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) database and in the National Patient Registry were linked to the National Cause of Death Registry. All hospitalizations with acute stroke (including ischemic stroke, intracerebral bleeding and unspecified stroke) and out-of-hospital deaths with stroke as underlying cause in individuals 25 years and older were obtained during 1994–2014. Incident stroke was defined as the first hospitalization or out-of-hospital death due to stroke with no hospitalization for acute stroke or stroke sequela the past 7 years. Stroke was defined as AF-related if AF was registered during a hospitalization the past 7 years, or as underlying or contributing cause of death up to 28 days after the stroke hospitalization. Age-standardized incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using direct standardization to the age-distribution in the Norwegian population per 2001. Age-adjusted average yearly incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were estimated by negative binomial regression analyses.
Results
From 2001 to 2014 we identified 157 580 incident stroke cases of which 38 317 were AF-related. The proportion of incident strokes that were related to AF increased from 20.6% in 2001 to 26.3% in 2014. Age-standardized incidence rates of AF-related strokes per 100,000 person years were stable at 88 (85, 92) in 2001 and 79 (76, 83) in 2014, corresponding to a 0% average yearly change, IRR 1.00 (0.99, 1.00). The age-standardized incidence rates of non-AF-related strokes per 100,000 person years decreased from 334 (328, 341) in 2001 to 214 (209, 219) in 2014, corresponding to a 3% average yearly decrease, IRR 0.97 (0.97, 0.97).
Conclusion
The favourable trend in total stroke incidence rates from 2001 to 2014 does not include AF-related strokes. This may suggest that AF has become accountable for a higher proportion of incident strokes or that AF detection improved over this period.
Figure 1. Age-standardized incidence rates of stroke hospitalizations or out-of-hospital deaths per 100,000 person years (py) by year, illustrated as all strokes (blue horizontal line) and AF-related strokes (red horizontal line/height of red area). The height of the blue area illustrates the rate for non-AF related strokes.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Vestre Viken Hospital Trust (public hospital research fund)
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Igland
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Anjum
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - L.J Kjerpeseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Selmer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ellekjaer
- St Olavs Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Kalstoe
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - I Christophersen
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - M Myrstad
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - A Tveit
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - L.H Mortensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G.S Tell
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Berge
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
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Rabanal KS, Igland J, Tell GS, Jenum AK, Klemsdal TO, Ariansen I, Meyer HE, Selmer RM. Validation of the cardiovascular risk model NORRISK 2 in South Asians and people with diabetes. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2020; 55:56-62. [PMID: 33073627 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2020.1821909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the predictive ability of the previously published NORRISK 2 cardiovascular risk model in Norwegian-born and immigrants born in South Asia living in Norway, and to add information about diabetes and ethnicity in an updated model for South Asians and diabetics (NORRISK 2-SADia). Design. We included participants (30-74 years) born in Norway (n = 13,885) or South Asia (n = 1942) from health surveys conducted in Oslo 2000-2003. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor information including self-reported diabetes was linked with information on subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute cerebral stroke in hospital and mortality registry data throughout 2014 from the nationwide CVDNOR project. We developed an updated model using Cox regression with diabetes and South Asian ethnicity as additional predictors. We assessed model performance by Harrell's C and calibration plots. Results. The NORRISK 2 model underestimated the risk in South Asians in all quintiles of predicted risk. The mean predicted 13-year risk by the NORRISK 2 model was 3.9% (95% CI 3.7-4.2) versus observed 7.3% (95% CI 5.9-9.1) in South Asian men and 1.1% (95% CI 1.0-1.2) versus 2.7% (95% CI 1.7-4.2) observed risk in South Asian women. The mean predictions from the NORRISK 2-SADia model were 7.2% (95% CI 6.7-7.6) in South Asian men and 2.7% (95% CI 2.4-3.0) in South Asian women. Conclusions. The NORRISK 2-SADia model improved predictions of CVD substantially in South Asians, whose risks were underestimated by the NORRISK 2 model. The NORRISK 2-SADia model may facilitate more intense preventive measures in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Stormark Rabanal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe Seppola Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haakon Eduard Meyer
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Marie Selmer
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Nystad W, Hjellvik V, Larsen IK, Ariansen I, Helland E, Johansen KI, Gulbrandsen J, Gulseth HL, Eide HN, Håberg SE, Karlstad Ø, Bakken IJ. Underlying conditions in adults with COVID-19. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2020; 140:20-0512. [PMID: 32998491 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type-2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were initially noted as the most common diseases among individuals who were hospitalised for COVID-19. However, the evidence base is weak. The objective of this study is to describe how selected diseases were distributed among adults with confirmed COVID-19 (COVID-19 positive tests) and among those hospitalised for COVID-19 compared to the general population. MATERIAL AND METHOD We used data from the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases for adults from the age of 20 and older for the period 1 March 2020-13 May 2020. RESULTS Of all those who tested positive for COVID-19, 7 632 (94 %) were aged 20 years or older, and 1 025 (13.4 %) of these had been hospitalised. Among those hospitalised with COVID-19, there was a higher proportion of individuals with cardiovascular diseases (18.3 % versus 15.6 %), cancer (6.9 % versus 5.4 %), type-2 diabetes (8.6 % versus 5.2 %) and COPD (3.8 % versus 2.7 %) than in the general population as a whole after adjusting for age. The proportion of hospitalised patients with asthma, other chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, ongoing cancer treatment, complications related to hypertension, obesity and overweight, neurological disorders and cardiac and renal failure was also higher than in the general population. There were few differences between persons who had tested positive for COVID-19 and the general population in terms of underlying conditions. INTERPRETATION Among those hospitalised for COVID-19, there was a higher proportion of patients with underlying illnesses than in the general population. This may indicate that these patients tend to have a more severe course of disease or that they are more likely to be hospitalised compared to healthy individuals. The results must be interpreted with caution, since the sample of COVID-19 individuals is non-random.
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Kjerpeseth LJ, Igland J, Selmer R, Ellekjær H, Tveit A, Berge T, Kalstø SM, Christophersen IE, Myrstad M, Skovlund E, Egeland GM, Tell GS, Ariansen I. Prevalence and incidence rates of atrial fibrillation in Norway 2004-2014. Heart 2020; 107:201-207. [PMID: 32820014 PMCID: PMC7815897 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study time trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the entire Norwegian population from 2004 to 2014, by age and sex, and to estimate the prevalence of AF at the end of the study period. Methods A national cohort of patients with AF (≥18 years) was identified from inpatient admissions with AF and deaths with AF as underlying cause (1994–2014), and AF outpatient visits (2008–2014) in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project. AF admissions or out-of-hospital death from AF, with no AF admission the previous 10 years defined incident AF. Age-standardised incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. All AF cases identified through inpatient admissions and outpatient visits and alive as of 31 December 2014 defined AF prevalence. Results We identified 175 979 incident AF cases (30% primary diagnosis, 69% secondary diagnosis, 0.6% out-of-hospital deaths). AF IRs (95% confidence intervals) per 100 000 person years were stable from 2004 (433 (426–440)) to 2014 (440 (433–447)). IRs were stable or declining across strata of sex and age with the exception of an average yearly increase of 2.4% in 18–44 year-olds: IRR 1.024 (1.014–1.034). In 2014, the prevalence of AF in the adult population was 3.4%. Conclusions We found overall stable IRs of AF for the adult Norwegian population from 2004 to 2014. The prevalence of AF was 3.4% at the end of 2014, which is higher than reported in previous studies. Signs of an increasing incidence of early-onset AF (<45 years) are worrying and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jøran Kjerpeseth
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Randi Selmer
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjær
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Silje Madeleine Kalstø
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Ingrid Elisabeth Christophersen
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Eva Skovlund
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grace Margrethe Egeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway.,Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe Seppola Tell
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Background The goal of this literature review was to assess sex differences in the quality of life (QoL) in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and, if possible, to determine if these are due to AF . Methods and Results The electronic database PubMed was searched on January 23, 2018, using the search terms "QoL", gender differences, " AF " female, and gender to find potential articles that assessed sex differences in QoL in AF patients. In all, 851 articles were identified, from which 25 original studies were eligible for this systematic review. Female AF patients were found to have poorer QoL and more symptoms than male AF patients. They scored lower, predominantly on the physical component score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 Health Survey. Conclusions The available literature consistently describes poorer QoL in female AF patients but does not clearly address whether this is a reflection of sex differences seen in the general population or is related to AF per se. It is also questionable whether the relatively poorer QoL in women is large enough to be of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Ree
- 1 Faculty of Medicine Oslo University Oslo Norway
| | - Knut Gjesdal
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo University Oslo Norway.,3 Department of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål Oslo Norway
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Taddei C, Zhou B, Bixby H, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, Jackson RT, Farzadfar F, Sophiea MK, Di Cesare M, Iurilli MLC, Martinez AR, Asghari G, Dhana K, Gulayin P, Kakarmath S, Santero M, Voortman T, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Bennett JE, Stevens GA, Paciorek CJ, Aekplakorn W, Cifkova R, Giampaoli S, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Kuulasmaa K, Laxmaiah A, Margozzini P, Mathur P, Nordestgaard BG, Zhao D, Aadahl M, Abarca-Gómez L, Rahim HA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahluwalia TS, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Ali MM, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assunção MCF, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Azmin M, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Benn M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhargava SK, Bi Y, Bienek A, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Boehm BO, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Bovet P, Brajkovich I, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Bruno G, Bugge A, Busch MA, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carvalho J, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Chadjigeorgiou CA, Chamukuttan S, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen S, Cheng CY, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chiou ST, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cui L, Cureau FV, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du Y, Duante CA, Duda RB, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elosua R, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Fattahi MR, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gupta R, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hantunen S, Kumar RH, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Hendriks ME, Henriques A, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Homayounfar R, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huisman M, Hunsberger ML, Husseini AS, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Iglesia I, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, al-Safi Ismail A, Iwasaki M, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jensen GB, Jeong SL, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Kamstrup PR, Karki KB, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khateeb M, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim HC, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kohler HP, Kohler IV, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kowlessur S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kyobutungi C, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou CP, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Laugsand LE, Lazo-Porras M, Lee J, Lee J, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lin YT, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Liu J, Loit HM, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Ma G, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Rao KM, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Mathiesen EB, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Merat S, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metcalf P, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michels N, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Mirrakhimov E, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Yusoff MFM, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio-Flores E, Moosazadeh M, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nihal T, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, O’Neill TW, O’Reilly D, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oh K, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olié V, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Parnell WR, Patel ND, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pigeot I, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Plata S, Pohlabeln H, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price JF, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Punab M, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Raitakari O, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribeiro R, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Ruidavets JB, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safiri S, Saidi O, Saki N, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Santos DA, Santos MP, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva SC, Sawada N, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Schargrodsky H, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Sebert S, Sein AA, Sen A, Sepanlou SG, Servais J, Shakeri R, Shalnova SA, Shamah-Levy T, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Shirani M, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Skaaby T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA, Jérome CS, Soumaré A, Sozmen K, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Suárez-Medina R, Sun CA, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tai ES, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tell GS, Tello T, Thankappan KR, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Toft U, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Traissac P, Trinh OTH, Truthmann J, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Venero-Fernández SJ, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Vidiawati D, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen A, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wedderkopp N, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yeow TP, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zali MR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Vrkic TZ, Zhang ZY, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhussupov B, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Gregg EW, Ezzati M. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol. Nature 2020; 582:73-77. [PMID: 32494083 PMCID: PMC7332422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular risk-changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
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Melbye H, Helgeland J, Karlstad Ø, Ariansen I, Langhammer A, Wisløff T, Nafstad P, Nystad W. Is the Disease Burden from COPD in Norway Falling off? A Study of Time Trends in Three Different Data Sources. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:323-334. [PMID: 32103931 PMCID: PMC7024866 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s235106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Less smoking should lead to fewer COPD cases. We aimed at estimating time trends in the prevalence and burden of COPD in Norway from 2001 to 2017. Methods We used pre-bronchodilator spirometry and other health data from persons aged 40–84 years in three surveys of the Tromsø Study, 2001–2002, 2007–2008 and 2015–2016. We applied spirometry lower limits of normal (LLN) according to Global Lung Initiative 2012. Age-standardized prevalence was determined. We defined COPD as FEV1/FVC<LLN in subjects reporting dyspnea or coughing, and moderate to severe COPD when FEV1 <LLN was found in addition. We identified hospitalizations due to COPD exacerbations in the Norwegian Patient Registry 2010–2017, and retrieved the use of COPD medication from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Change in prevalence was analyzed by logistic regression. Results In the Tromsø Study, the age-standardized prevalence of daily smoking dropped from 29.9% to 14.1% among women and from 31.4% to 12.8% among men (P<0.0001). The age-standardized prevalence of COPD dropped from 7.6% to 5.6% among women (P=0.2) and from 7.3% to 5.6% among men (P=0.003) and of moderate to severe COPD from 5.2% to 2.7% among women (P=0.0003) and from 4.6% to 3.2% among men (P=0.0008). Among men, the yearly age-standardized prevalence of hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation decreased from 3.6 to 3.0 per 1000 inhabitants aged 40–84 years (P<0.0001). Correspondingly, dispensing oral corticosteroids or/and antibiotics for COPD exacerbations dropped from 6.6 to 5.8 per 1000 (P<0.0001), while dispensing maintenance treatment increased (P<0.0001). Conclusion COPD morbidity decreased between 2001 and 2017, which might partly be due to less smoking. The drop in smoking prevalence gives promise of a further substantial decrease in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasse Melbye
- General Practice Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Helgeland
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Health Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Wisløff
- General Practice Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per Nafstad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Oslo, Norway
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Taddei C, Jackson R, Zhou B, Bixby H, Danaei G, Di Cesare M, Kuulasmaa K, Hajifathalian K, Bentham J, Bennett JE, Aekplakorn W, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, DeBacquer D, Giampaoli S, Gudnason V, Khang YH, Laatikainen T, Mann J, Marques-Vidal P, Mensah GA, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ninomiya T, Petkeviciene J, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Servais J, Söderberg S, Stavreski B, Wilsgaard T, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Stevens GA, Savin S, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Ezzati M, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Ahrens W, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Anderssen SA, Ariansen I, Arveiler D, Aspelund T, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Bata I, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bennett JE, Bernotiene G, Bi Y, Bienek A, Björkelund C, Bo S, Boehm BO, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Borchini R, Borghs H, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Bruno G, Busch MA, Cabrera de León A, Capuano V, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Censi L, Chen F, Chen S, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Cui L, D'Arrigo G, Dallongeville J, Dauchet L, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Smedt D, Dennison E, Deschamps V, DiCastelnuovo A, Dobson AJ, Donfrancesco C, Döring A, Drygas W, Du Y, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, Elosua R, Eriksson JG, Evans A, Faeh D, Felix-Redondo FJ, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrari M, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Frontera G, Fujita Y, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Goltzman D, GonzalezGross M, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guallar-Castillón P, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guessous I, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gutzwiller F, Hardy R, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Herrala S, TapaniHihtaniemi I, Hobbs M, Hopman WM, MaríaHuerta J, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ikeda N, Iwasaki M, Jackson R, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jennings G, Jeong SL, QiangJiang C, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jóźwiak J, Kajantie EO, Kauhanen J, Keil U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kersting M, Khang YH, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Ko S, Kolle E, Korpelainen R, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Krokstad S, Kujala UM, Kurjata P, Kuulasmaa K, Laatikainen T, HingLam T, Lanska V, Lappas G, Laugsand LE, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lin X, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu J, Lopez-Garcia E, Lorbeer R, EugenioLozano J, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lytsy P, Ma G, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Mann J, Manzato E, Marques-Vidal P, Mathiesen EB, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Metcalf P, Mi J, Miller JC, Moreno LA, Morin S, Mossakowska M, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Mursu J, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nauck M, MariaNavarrete-Muñoz E, Neal WA, Nenko I, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Norie S, Noto D, O'Neill T, O'Reilly D, Oh K, Olafsson Ö, MichelPaccaud F, Pajak A, Palmieri L, Panza F, Parnell WR, Peltonen M, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Pigeot I, Pilotto L, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Porta M, Price JF, Puder JJ, Puhakka SE, Radisauskas R, Raitakari O, Ramos R, Redon J, Rigo F, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez M, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Ruidavets JB, Rutkowski M, Salanave B, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sans S, Saramies JL, Saum KU, Scheidt-Nave C, Schienkiewitz A, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Sebert S, Sen A, Servais J, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, WookShin D, Shiri R, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Söderberg S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Soumare A, Staessen JA, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Tamosiunas A, JooTan E, Taylor A, Tell G, Thijs L, Tolonen H, Topór-Madry R, JoséTormo M, Torrent M, Tsugane S, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Tzourio C, Uusitalo HMT, Van Herck K, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Veronesi G, Vioque J, Virtanen J, Visvikis-Siest S, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Wagner A, Wagner A, Wang MD, Wang Q, XingWang Y, Wannamethee SG, Wei W, Whincup PH, Wiecek A, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong A, Woodward M, GiwercmanWu A, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yan W, Yang X, Ye X, Yoshihara A, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zhao D, Zhao W. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:173-192. [PMID: 31321439 PMCID: PMC7245049 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. METHODS We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. RESULTS Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. CONCLUSIONS HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
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Selmer Roenningen P, Berge T, Solberg MG, Enger S, Nygaard S, Pervez O, Orstad EB, Kvisvik BA, Aagaard EN, Lyngbakken MN, Ariansen I, Rosjo H, Steine K, Tveit A. P1270 Systolic blood pressure at age 40 is associated with left atrial volumes at age 64. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Vestre Viken Hospital Trust
Background
Left atrial (LA) enlargement is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the assessment of LA size, echocardiographic guidelines recommend the use of LA end-systolic volume (LAVmax). LA end-diastolic volume (LAVmin) and LA emptying fraction (LAEF) may add valuable information in risk assessment. The knowledge of early adulthood BP and its association to LA volumes and LAEF later in life is limited.
Purpose
To explore the association between systolic BP at age 40 and LA volumes and LAEF at age 64.
Methods
We linked data from subjects who had participated in both a nationwide cardiovascular screening survey (1990-1991) at the age of 40, and the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1950 Study (2012-2015) at the age of 64 (n = 2,597). In the ACE 1950 Study, LAVmax and LAVmin were measured with echocardiography according to the summation of discs method. LAEF was calculated as (LAVmax-LAVmin/LAVmax)x100%. The association between systolic BP at age 40 and LA volumes and LAEF at age 64 was assessed in univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results
Systolic BP at age 40 was associated with LAVmax and LAVmin but not with LAEF at age 64. In our multivariate model, a 10 mm Hg higher systolic BP at age 40 was associated with a 0.9 ml greater LA end-systolic volume and a 0.5 ml greater LA end-diastolic volume at age 64.
Conclusion
Early adulthood systolic BP is associated with LA volumes 24 years later in life.
Table. Association of systolic blood pressure at age 40 to left atrial (LA) volumes and LAEF at age 64 Univariate Multivariate* Dependent variable B (95% CI) p-value B (95% CI) p-value LAVmax (ml) 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) <0.001 0.9 (0.4, 1.4) 0.001 LAVmin (ml) 1.5 (1.1, 1.8) <0.001 0.5 (0.1, 0.9) 0.015 LAEF (%) -0.01 (-0.3, 0.3) 0.938 0.2 (-0.2, 0.5) 0.294 *Adjusted for gender, body mass index, smoking, resting heart rate and antihypertensive treatment, all assessed at age 40. B (95% CI), regression coefficient for systolic blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg) with 95% confidence interval; LAVmax, LA end-systolic volume; LAVmin LA end-diastolic volume; LAEF, LA emptying fraction
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Berge
- Baerum Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Baerum, Norway
| | - M G Solberg
- Baerum Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Baerum, Norway
| | - S Enger
- Baerum Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Baerum, Norway
| | - S Nygaard
- University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Pervez
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - E B Orstad
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - B A Kvisvik
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - E N Aagaard
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - M N Lyngbakken
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Rosjo
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - K Steine
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Akershus, Norway
| | - A Tveit
- Baerum Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Baerum, Norway
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Graff-Iversen S, Hewitt S, Forsén L, Grøtvedt L, Ariansen I. Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1439. [PMID: 31675936 PMCID: PMC6825363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997-99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39-44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. RESULTS Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. CONCLUSIONS The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Graff-Iversen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Medical Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Forsén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,National Resource Centre for Women's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Grøtvedt
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kjerpeseth LJ, Igland J, Selmer R, Ellekjaer H, Berge T, Kalsto SM, Christophersen IE, Myrstad M, Skovlund E, Egeland GM, Thell GS, Ariansen I. P6563Time trends in incidence rates of atrial fibrillation in Norway 2004–2014. A CVDNOR project. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The reported incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been inconsistent among studies.
Purpose
We aimed to study time trends in incidence (first time) of AF hospitalizations or AF deaths in Norway in the period 2004–2014 by age and sex.
Methods
Nationwide hospital discharge diagnoses in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) database and in the National Patient Registry were linked to the National Cause of Death Registry. All hospitalizations with AF as primary or secondary diagnosis and out-of-hospital deaths with AF as underlying cause (ICD-9: 427.3 or ICD 10: I48; AF or atrial flutter) in individuals ≥18 years were obtained during 1994–2014. Incident AF was defined as first hospitalization or out-of-hospital death due to AF with no previous hospitalization for AF the past 10 years. Age-standardized incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using direct standardization to the age-distribution in the Norwegian population per Jan 1st 2004. Age-adjusted average yearly incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were estimated by Poisson regression analyses. Accumulated prevalence during 1994–2014 was assessed in Norwegian residents 18 years and older per Dec 31st 2014.
Results
During 39,865,498 person years of follow up from 2004 to 2014 we identified 175,979 incident AF cases of which 30% were registered with AF as primary diagnosis, 69% as secondary diagnosis and 1% as out-of-hospital cause of death. The age-standardized incidence rate of AF hospitalization or out-of-hospital death per 100,000 person years was stable at 433 (426–440) in 2004 and 440 (433–447) in 2014. IRR were stable or declining across age groups of both sexes, except for the youngest age group 18–44 years, where incidence rates of AF hospitalization or out-of-hospital death increased by 2% per year, IRR 1.02 (1.01, 1.03). By 2014, the prevalence of AF assessed from hospital or death records was 2.9% in the adult population 18 years and older.
Conclusion
We found overall stable incidence rates of AF from 2004 to 2014 in the adult Norwegian population. Increased incidence rates of AF in the population 18–44 years are worrying and need further investigation.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Norwegian Atrial Fibrillation Reseach Network
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kjerpeseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Igland
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Selmer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ellekjaer
- St Olavs Hospital, Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Berge
- Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - S M Kalsto
- Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | | | - M Myrstad
- Baerum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G M Egeland
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Registries, Bergen, Norway
| | - G S Thell
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Oslo, Norway
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Grøtvedt L, Forsén L, Ariansen I, Graff-Iversen S, Lingaas Holmen T. Impact of snus use in teenage boys on tobacco use in young adulthood; a cohort from the HUNT Study Norway. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1265. [PMID: 31519157 PMCID: PMC6743150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As smoking rates decreased, the use of Swedish snus (smokeless tobacco) concordantly increased in Norway. The role of snus as possible contributor to the reduction of smoking has been widely discussed. Our aim was to quantitate transitions in snus use, smoking and dual use of snus and cigarettes in a young male population. Methods This prospective cohort study includes 1346 boys participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Young-HUNT1 1995–97, age 13–19 and in HUNT3 2006–08, age 23–30. Participants reported on tobacco use at both points of time. Models with binominal regression were applied to examine relative risks (RRs), of adolescent ever snus users, dual users or smokers (reference: never tobacco use), to be current snus only users, smokers (including dual users), or tobacco free in adulthood. Results Current tobacco use in this male cohort increased from 27% in adolescence to 49% in adulthood, increasing more for snus only use and dual use than for smoking only. The adjusted RR (95% CI) of becoming a smoker as young adult, was 2.2 (CI 1.7–2.7) for adolescent snus users, 3.6 (CI 3.0–4.3) for adolescent dual users, and 2.7 (CI 2.2–3.3) for adolescent smokers. RR to become snus only users as adults was 3.1 (2.5–3.9) for adolescent dual users, 2.8 (2.2–3.4) for adolescent snus users and 1.5 (1.0–2.2) for adolescent smokers. The adjusted RR for the transition from adolescent tobacco use to no tobacco use in adulthood was similar for snus users and smokers with RR 0.5 (CI 0.4–0.7), but considerably lower for dual users with RR 0.2 (CI 0.2–0.3). Conclusions The use of snus, with or without concurrent smoking, carried a high risk of adult smoking as well as adult snus only use. Dual use seemed to promote the opportunity to become snus only users in adulthood, but made it also more difficult to quit. The benefit of snus use for harm reduction is not evident in our cohort, as the combination of smoking and dual use resulted in high smoking rates among the young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Grøtvedt
- Department of Health and Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lisa Forsén
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sidsel Graff-Iversen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, HUNT Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
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Kjerpeseth LJ, Selmer R, Ariansen I, Karlstad Ø, Ellekjær H, Skovlund E. Comparative effectiveness of warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A nationwide pharmacoepidemiological study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221500. [PMID: 31449560 PMCID: PMC6709911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare effectiveness and safety of warfarin and the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in non-valvular atrial fibrillation in routine care. METHODS From nationwide registries, we identified treatment-naïve patients initiating warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban for non-valvular atrial fibrillation from July 2013 to December 2015 in Norway. We assessed prescription duration using reverse waiting time distribution. Adjusting for confounding in a Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated one-year risks for ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or systemic embolism, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding; intracranial; gastrointestinal; and other bleeding. We censored at switch of treatment or 365 days of follow-up. RESULTS We included 30,820 treatment-naïve patients. Compared to warfarin, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for ischemic stroke, TIA or systemic embolism were 0.96 (95% CI 0.71-1.28) for dabigatran, 1.12 (95% CI 0.87-1.45) for rivaroxaban and 0.97 (95% CI 0.75-1.26) for apixaban. Corresponding hazard ratios for major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding were 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.86) for dabigatran, 0.97 (95% CI 0.84-1.12) for rivaroxaban and 0.71 (95% CI 0.62-0.82) for apixaban. Statistically significant differences of other safety outcomes compared to warfarin were fewer intracranial bleedings with dabigatran (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14-0.56), rivaroxaban (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23-0.69) and apixaban (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.92); fewer gastrointestinal bleedings with apixaban (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.93); and fewer other bleedings with dabigatran (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55-0.81) and apixaban (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.83). CONCLUSION After 1 year follow-up in treatment-naïve patients initiating oral anticoagulation for non-valvular atrial fibrillation, all DOACs were similarly effective as warfarin in prevention of ischemic stroke, TIA or systemic embolism. Safety from bleedings was similar or better, including fewer intracranial bleedings with all direct oral anticoagulants, fewer gastrointestinal bleedings with apixaban and fewer other bleedings with dabigatran and apixaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J. Kjerpeseth
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Randi Selmer
- Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjær
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Ariansen I, Strand BH, Kjøllesdal MKR, Steingrímsdóttir ÓA, Mortensen LH, Stigum H, Graff-Iversen S, Næss Ø. The educational gradient in premature cardiovascular mortality: Examining mediation by risk factors in cohorts born in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1096-1103. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319826274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims Educational inequality in cardiovascular disease and in modifiable risk factors changes over time and between birth cohorts. We aimed to assess how cardiovascular disease risk factors mediate educational differences in premature cardiovascular disease mortality and how this varies over birth cohorts and sex. Methods We followed 360,008 40–45-year-olds born in the 1930s, 1940s or 1950s from Norwegian health examination surveys (1974–1997) for premature cardiovascular disease mortality. Cox proportional hazard and Aalen’s additive survival analyses provided hazard ratios and rate differences of excess deaths in participants with basic versus tertiary education. Results Relative educational differences in premature cardiovascular disease mortality were stable, whereas absolute differences narrowed from the 1930s to the 1950s cohorts; rate differences per 100 000 person years declined from 170 (95% confidence interval 117, 224) to 49 (36, 61) in men and from 60 (34, 85) to 23 (16, 29) in women. Cardiovascular disease risk factors attenuated rate differences by 69% in both cohorts in men, and in women by 102% in 1930s and 61% in 1950s cohorts. Smoking had the single strongest influence on the educational differences for men in all three cohorts, and for women in the two most recent cohorts. Conclusion Smoking appeared to be the driving force behind educational differences in premature cardiovascular disease mortality in the 1930s to 1950s birth cohorts for men and in the two recent birth cohorts for women. This suggests that strategies for smoking prevention and cessation might have the strongest impact for reducing educational inequality in premature cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ariansen
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Norway
| | | | | | | | - Hein Stigum
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sidsel Graff-Iversen
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, the Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway
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Degerud E, Ystrom E, Tambs K, Ariansen I, Mørland J, Magnus P, Davey Smith G, Næss Ø. The interplay between cognitive ability, alcohol consumption, and health characteristics. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2011-2022. [PMID: 29239293 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher cognitive ability is associated with favourable health characteristics. The relation between ability and alcohol consumption, and their interplay with other health characteristics, is unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive ability and alcohol consumption and to assess whether alcohol consumption relates differently to health characteristics across strata of ability. METHODS For 63 120 Norwegian males, data on cognitive ability in early adulthood were linked to midlife data on alcohol consumption frequency (times per month, 0-30) and other health characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors and mental distress. Relations were assessed using linear regression and reported as unstandardised beta coefficients [95% confidence interval (CI)]. RESULTS The mean ± s.d. frequency of total alcohol consumption in the sample was 4.0 ± 3.8 times per month. In the low, medium, and high group of ability, the frequencies were 3.0 ± 3.3, 3.7 ± 3.5, and 4.7 ± 4.1, respectively. In the full sample, alcohol consumption was associated with physical activity, heart rate, fat mass, smoking, and mental distress. Most notably, each additional day of consumption was associated with a 0.54% (0.44-0.64) and 0.14% (0.09-0.18) increase in the probability of current smoking and mental distress, respectively. In each strata of ability (low, medium, high), estimates were 0.87% (0.57-1.17), 0.48% (0.31-0.66) and 0.49% (0.36-0.62) for current smoking, and 0.44% (0.28-0.60), 0.10% (0.02-0.18), and 0.09% (0.03-0.15) for mental distress, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Participants with low cognitive ability drink less frequently, but in this group, more frequent alcohol consumption is more strongly associated with adverse health characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Degerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - E Ystrom
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - K Tambs
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - J Mørland
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - P Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
| | - G Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit,School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Senate House,Tyndall Avenue,Bristol BS8 1TH,UK
| | - Ø Næss
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health,P.O Box 4404,N-0403 Oslo,Norway
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Graff-Iversen S, Ariansen I, Næss Ø, Selmer RM, Strand BH. Educational inequalities in midlife risk factors for non-communicable diseases in two Norwegian counties 1974-2002. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:705-712. [PMID: 30080116 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818789325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The absolute educational differences in the mortality of Norwegian women and men increased during 1960-2000 and thereafter levelled off in men, but continued to widen in women. Which of the risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) might explain these trends? Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate trends in gender-specific, absolute educational differences in established risk factors during 1974-2002. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 40-45-year-old women and men who participated in one of three health surveys in two counties, from the years 1974-1978, 1985-1988 and 2001-2002. To account for increasing educational attainment through the period we used a regression-based index of inequality (Slope Index of Inequality) to assess the educational gradients over time. Results: From 1974 to 2002, the mean levels of serum total cholesterol and blood pressure decreased and body mass index (BMI) increased in all subgroups by education in both sexes. In men, the educational gradient tended to diminish toward the null for serum total cholesterol and narrowed for systolic blood pressure, but increased for BMI. In women, the educational gradient increased to the double for smoking and increased for triglycerides. Conclusions: In two Norwegian counties, the NCD risk factors showed dynamic patterns during 1974-2002. For blood pressure and serum total cholesterol, the levels showed consistent beneficial changes in all educational subgroups, with a narrowing tendency for educational gradients in men. In women, the educational gradient for smoking increased markedly. Knowledge on midlife trends in the educational gradients of risk factors may help to explain recent and future NCD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Graff-Iversen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health Management and Economics, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi M Selmer
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Berge T, Ariansen I, Ihle-Hansen H, Brynildsen J, Lyngbakken MN, Christophersen IE, Myrstad M, Omland T, Steine K, Rosjo H, Smith P, Tveit A. P6622Risk factors for atrial fibrillation at the age of 40 years: 24-year follow-up data from the Norwegian Age 40 program and the Akershus cardiac examination (ACE) 1950 Study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Berge
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - I Ariansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Physical and Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Ihle-Hansen
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - J Brynildsen
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - M N Lyngbakken
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - I E Christophersen
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - M Myrstad
- Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Department of Medical Research, Gjettum, Norway
| | - T Omland
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Steine
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - H Rosjo
- Akershus University Hospital, Division of Medicine, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - P Smith
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Tveit
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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Zhou B, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Bixby H, Danaei G, Hajifathalian K, Taddei C, Carrillo-Larco RM, Djalalinia S, Khatibzadeh S, Lugero C, Peykari N, Zhang WZ, Bennett J, Bilano V, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Chen Z, Hambleton IR, Jackson RT, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laxmaiah A, Liu J, Malekzadeh R, Neuhauser HK, Sorić M, Starc G, Sundström J, Woodward M, Ezzati M, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad NA, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Akhtaeva N, Al-Raddadi R, Ali MM, Ali O, Alkerwi A, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ängquist LH, Anjana RM, Ansong D, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arlappa N, Arveiler D, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Babu BV, Bahijri S, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MV, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Romdhane HB, Benet M, Benson LS, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi Y, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bongard V, Borchini R, Bovet P, Braeckman L, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Burns C, Bursztyn M, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cameron C, Can G, Cândido APC, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carvalho MJ, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Dekkaki IC, Chetrit A, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger TC, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Diaz A, Dickerson TT, Djalalinia S, Do HTP, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Doua K, Drygas W, Dulskiene V, Džakula A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eggertsen R, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Elliott P, Elosua R, Erasmus RT, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, do Carmo Franco M, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Galvano F, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Geleijnse JM, Ghasemian A, Ghimire A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Goldsmith RA, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, Gorbea MB, Gottrand F, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Grujic V, Gu D, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter M, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Hadaegh F, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hardy R, Hari Kumar R, Hata J, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, Elisabeth M, Henriques A, Cadena LH, Herrala S, Heshmat R, Hihtaniemi IT, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Dinc GH, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Than Htike MM, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huisman M, Husseini AS, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibrahim MM, Wong NI, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Irazola VE, Islam M, al-Safi Ismail A, Ivkovic V, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou H, Jafar T, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jeong SL, Jiang CQ, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Jóźwiak J, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jureša V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Karki KB, Kasaeian A, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Boker LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khang YH, Khateeb M, Khaw KT, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim J, Kim YY, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, Korrovits P, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kuh D, Kujala UM, Kulaga Z, Krishna Kumar R, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Lam TH, Landrove O, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Laugsand LE, Laxmaiah A, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le TD, Leclercq C, Lee J, Lee J, Lehtimäki T, León-Muñoz LM, Levitt NS, Li Y, Lilly CL, Lim WY, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lin X, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Lorbeer R, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lytsy P, Ma G, Ma J, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machi S, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Majer M, Makdisse M, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina S, Manios Y, Mann JI, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martorell R, Mathiesen EB, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mbanya JCN, Mc Donald Posso AJ, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Meirhaeghe A, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Mikkel K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Francisco J, Miranda JJ, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Modesti PA, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Esmaeel Motlagh M, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Musil V, Nabipour I, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Narake S, Nauck M, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Ndiaye NC, Neal WA, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Neuhauser HK, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nguyen QV, Nieto-Martínez RE, Niiranen TJ, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noorbala AA, Norat T, Noto D, Al Nsour M, O'Reilly D, Oda E, Oehlers G, Oh K, Ohara K, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palli D, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park SW, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Patel ND, Pecin I, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peeters PH, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Polašek O, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price JF, Puder JJ, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramos E, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangel Reina DA, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinke de Wit TF, Ritti-Dias RM, Robinson SM, Robitaille C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt B, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Saidi O, Sakarya S, Salanave B, Salazar Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sans S, Santos DA, Santos IS, Nunes dos Santos R, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarganas G, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva S, Scazufca M, Schargrodsky H, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sein AA, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, Shin DW, Shin Y, Si-Ramlee K, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Santos Silva DA, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Skovbjerg S, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Smith MC, Snijder MB, So HK, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Soric M, Jérome CS, Soumare A, Staessen JA, Starc G, Stathopoulou MG, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sun CA, Sundström J, Sung YT, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sy RG, Shyong Tai E, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Tautu OF, Taylor A, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Torrent M, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tshepo L, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Tynelius P, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel EE, Ulmer H, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Veronesi G, Monique Verschuren WM, Verstraeten R, Victora CG, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Wang MD, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams EA, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong JYY, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Giwercman Wu A, Wu FC, Wu S, Xu H, Yan W, Yang X, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoshihara A, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Cisneros JZ. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:872-883i. [PMID: 29579276 PMCID: PMC6005056 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. METHODS We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. RESULTS In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. CONCLUSIONS Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.
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Sulo G, Igland J, Vollset SE, Ebbing M, Egeland GM, Ariansen I, Tell GS. Trends in incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway: An updated analysis to 2014 using national data from the CVDNOR project. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1031-1039. [PMID: 29808757 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318780033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway, focusing on whether the observed trends during 2001-2009 continued throughout 2014. Methods All incident (first) acute myocardial infarctions in Norwegian residents age 25 years and older were identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 1994-2014 project. We analysed overall and age group-specific (25-64 years, 65-84 years and 85 + years) trends by gender using Poisson regression analyses and report the average annual changes in rates with their 95% confidence intervals. Results During 2001-2014, 221,684 incident acute myocardial infarctions (59.4% men) were identified. Hospitalised cases accounted for 79.9% of all incident acute myocardial infarctions. Overall, incident acute myocardial infarction rates declined on average 2.6% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.974, 95% confidence interval 0.972-0.977) in men and 2.8% per year (incidence rate ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.971-0.974) in women, contributed by declining rates of hospitalisations (1.8% and 1.9% per year in men and women, respectively) and deaths (6.0% and 5.8% per year in men and women, respectively). Declining rates were observed in all three age groups. The overall acute myocardial infarction incidence rates continued to decline from 2009 onwards, with a steeper decline compared to 2001-2009. During 2009-2014, gender-adjusted acute myocardial infarction incidence among adults age 25-44 years declined 5.3% per year, contributed mostly by declines in hospitalisation rates (5.1% per year). Conclusion Acute myocardial infarction incidence rates continued to decline after 2009 in Norway in both men and women. The decline started to involve individuals aged 25-44 years, marking a turning point in the previously reported stagnation of rates during 2001-2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sulo
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,2 Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Marta Ebbing
- 3 Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Grace M Egeland
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,3 Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- 4 Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- 1 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,4 Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
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Fossum S, Halvorsen S, Vikanes ÅV, Roseboom TJ, Ariansen I, Næss Ø. Cardiovascular risk profile at the age of 40-45 in women with previous hyperemesis gravidarum or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A population-based study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 12:129-135. [PMID: 29858105 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess midlife cardiovascular risk profiles in women with a history of hyperemesis or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy compared to women with none of the studied pregnancy complications. STUDY DESIGN Population-based study. Cardiovascular risk factors at the age of 40-45 among women with previous singleton births only were studied through linkage of the Norwegian Birth Registry and a Norwegian screening program (the Age 40 Program). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Family history of coronary heart disease, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, antihypertensive treatment and diabetes. RESULTS Among 178,231 women participating in the Age 40 Program with previous singleton births; 2140 (1.2%) had experienced hyperemesis and 13,348 (7.5%) hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Women who had suffered from hyperemesis were less physically active. The differences in mean systolic blood pressure and body mass index were probably clinically irrelevant. In women with a history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index were higher, and they were more likely to report diabetes in midlife. Women who had suffered from hyperemesis or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were less likely to be daily smokers. CONCLUSION Women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy seemed to have an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile in midlife compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. In contrast there was no consistent evidence of increased risk subsequent to hyperemesis gravidarum. The proportion of daily smokers was lower in women with either of the two pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Fossum
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division for Mental and Physical Health, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Åse V Vikanes
- The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Division for Health Data and Digitalisation, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Gebremariam MK, Arah OA, Lien N, Naess O, Ariansen I, Kjollesdal MK. Change in BMI Distribution over a 24-Year Period and Associated Socioeconomic Gradients: A Quantile Regression Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:769-775. [PMID: 29498224 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the change in body mass index (BMI) distribution among 18- or 19-year-olds over 24 years. It also investigated parallel changes in the distribution of birth weight and in the association between birth weight and later risk of overweight and/or obesity. Parental educational variations in the trends and associations were explored. METHODS The study used data on 606,832 male military conscripts enlisted between 1985 and 2008. Quantile regression was used to assess the temporal change in BMI and birth weight distribution. The association between birth weight and overweight and/or obesity at age 18 or 19 years was quantified by using logistic regression. RESULTS Increases in BMI over time were found namely in the 90th, 95th, 97th, and 99th percentiles. Socioeconomic differences in this increase were documented in the 75th to 97th percentiles. The distribution of birth weight and the association between birth weight and the risk of overweight and/or obesity at age 18 or 19 years remained stable over time. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the increase in BMI between low and high percentiles indicates the limited role of mean BMI in reflecting population changes. The results suggest a need to focus on those with low socioeconomic position in the upper ends of the BMI distribution to combat increasing disparities in obesity-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oyvind Naess
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte K Kjollesdal
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Although commonly associated with cardiovascular disease or other medical conditions, atrial fibrillation may also occur in individuals without any known underlying conditions. This manifestation of atrial fibrillation has been linked to extensive and long-term exercise, as prolonged endurance exercise has shown to increase prevalence and risk of atrial fibrillation. In contrast, more modest physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation, and current research indicates a J-shaped association between atrial fibrillation and the broad range of physical activity and exercise. This has led to the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying an increased risk of atrial fibrillation with intensive exercise are different from those underlying a reduced risk with moderate physical activity, possibly linked to distinctive characteristics of the population under study. High volumes of exercise over many years performed by lean, healthy endurance trained athletes may lead to cardiac (patho)physiological alterations involving the autonomic nervous system and remodelling of the heart. The mechanisms underlying a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation with light and moderate physical activity may involve a distinctive pathway, as physical activity can potentially reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation through favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Morseth
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway Trust, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Ariansen
- Physical and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Medical Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum Hospital, Norway
| | - Dag S Thelle
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Sweden
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Degerud E, Ariansen I, Ystrom E, Graff-Iversen S, Høiseth G, Mørland J, Davey Smith G, Næss Ø. Life course socioeconomic position, alcohol drinking patterns in midlife, and cardiovascular mortality: Analysis of Norwegian population-based health surveys. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002476. [PMID: 29293492 PMCID: PMC5749685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to experience more harm from the same level of exposure to alcohol as advantaged groups. Alcohol has multiple biological effects on the cardiovascular system, both potentially harmful and protective. We investigated whether the diverging relationships between alcohol drinking patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality differed by life course socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS AND FINDINGS From 3 cohorts (the Counties Studies, the Cohort of Norway, and the Age 40 Program, 1987-2003) containing data from population-based cardiovascular health surveys in Norway, we included participants with self-reported information on alcohol consumption frequency (n = 207,394) and binge drinking episodes (≥5 units per occasion, n = 32,616). We also used data from national registries obtained by linkage. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality was estimated using Cox models, including alcohol, life course SEP, age, gender, smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides, diabetes, history of CVD, and family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Analyses were performed in the overall sample and stratified by high, middle, and low strata of life course SEP. A total of 8,435 CVD deaths occurred during the mean 17 years of follow-up. Compared to infrequent consumption ( CONCLUSIONS Moderately frequent consumers had a lower risk of CVD mortality compared with infrequent consumers, and we observed that this association was more pronounced among participants with higher SEP throughout their life course. Frequent binge drinking was associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality, but it was more uncertain whether the risk differed by life course SEP. It is unclear if these findings reflect differential confounding of alcohol consumption with health-protective or damaging exposures, or differing effects of alcohol on health across socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eivind Ystrom
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gudrun Høiseth
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Center for Psychopharmacology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørg Mørland
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Acuin C, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, Akhtaeva N, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Al Buhairan F, Al Dhukair S, Ali MM, Ali O, Alkerwi A, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Andrade DS, Ängquist LH, Anjana RM, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arlappa N, Arveiler D, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Babu BV, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Romdhane HB, Benedics J, Benet M, Bennett JE, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bhatti Z, Bhutta ZA, Bi H, Bi Y, Biehl A, Bikbov M, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Boissonnet CP, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, de León AC, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana M, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carvalho MJ, Casanueva FF, Casas JP, Caserta CA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Cho Y, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clays E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Cooper R, Coppinger TC, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crujeiras AB, Cucu A, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Danaei G, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder K, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante C, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El Ati J, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, la Peña JED, Evans A, Faeh D, Fall CH, Sant'Angelo VF, Farzadfar F, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferrieres J, Finn JD, Fischer K, Flores EM, Föger B, Foo LH, Forslund AS, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujita Y, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galeone D, Galvano F, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gates L, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghasemian A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Giwercman A, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gonçalves H, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, Gonzalez-Gross M, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Grujic V, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Guan OP, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter M, Guo X, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Si-Ramlee K, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hardy R, Kumar RH, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Hayes AJ, He J, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hendriks ME, Henriques A, Cadena LH, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hihtaniemi IT, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Petrescu CH, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Iannone AG, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Irazola VE, Islam M, Ismail AAS, Ivkovic V, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou H, Jafar T, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Jarani J, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jeong SL, Jiang CQ, Jiménez-Acosta SM, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Jovic DP, Józwiak J, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jureša V, Kaaks R, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kamaruddin NA, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Kasaeian A, Katz J, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva G, Keil U, Boker LK, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khang YH, Khateeb M, Khaw KT, Khouw IMSL, 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Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017; 390:2627-2642. [PMID: 29029897 PMCID: PMC5735219 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3623] [Impact Index Per Article: 517.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). FINDINGS Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. INTERPRETATION The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
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