1
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van Breugel M, Bongers F, Norden N, Meave JA, Amissah L, Chanthorn W, Chazdon R, Craven D, Farrior C, Hall JS, Hérault B, Jakovac C, Lebrija-Trejos E, Martínez-Ramos M, Muñoz R, Poorter L, Rüger N, van der Sande M, Dent DH. Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:928-949. [PMID: 38226776 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant-environment feedback dynamics drive a directional change in the plant community. The most commonly studied feedback loops are those in which the regrowth of the plant community causes changes to the abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic (e.g. dispersers) environment, which differentially affect species availability or performance. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the species composition of the plant community. However, there are many other PE feedback loops that potentially drive succession, each of which can be considered a model of succession. While plant-environment feedback loops in principle generate predictable successional trajectories, succession is generally observed to be highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are the stochastic processes involved in feedback dynamics, such as individual mortality and seed dispersal, and extrinsic causes of succession, which are not affected by changes in the plant community but do affect species performance or availability. Both can lead to variation in the identity of dominant species within communities. This, in turn, leads to further contingencies if these species differ in their effect on their environment (priority effects). Predictability and variability are thus intrinsically linked features of ecological succession. We present a new conceptual framework of ecological succession that integrates the propositions discussed above. This framework defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance and land-use, biotic factors, abiotic factors, species availability, species performance, and the plant community. When involved in a feedback loop, these general causes drive succession and when not, they are extrinsic causes that create variability in successional trajectories and dynamics. The proposed framework provides a guide for linking these general causes into causal pathways that represent specific models of succession. Our framework represents a systematic approach to identifying the main feedback processes and causes of variation at different successional stages. It can be used for systematic comparisons among study sites and along environmental gradients, to conceptualise studies, and to guide the formulation of research questions and design of field studies. Mapping an extensive field study onto our conceptual framework revealed that the pathways representing the study's empirical outcomes and conceptual model had important differences, underlining the need to move beyond the conceptual models that currently dominate in specific fields and to find ways to examine the importance of and interactions among alternative causal pathways of succession. To further this aim, we argue for integrating long-term studies across environmental and anthropogenic gradients, combined with controlled experiments and dynamic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, 117570, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Centro de Estudios Socioecológicos y Cambio Global, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Circunvalar #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UPO Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, 10900, Thailand
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Caroline Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398 Montpellier, France & Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Str. 12, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
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2
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Schorn ME, Kambach S, Chazdon RL, Craven D, Farrior CE, Meave JA, Muñoz R, van Breugel M, Amissah L, Bongers F, Hérault B, Jakovac CC, Norden N, Poorter L, van der Sande MT, Wirth C, Delgado D, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Finegan B, Hall JS, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Lopez OR, Rüger N. Tree demographic strategies largely overlap across succession in Neotropical wet and dry forest communities. Ecology 2024:e4321. [PMID: 38763891 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Secondary tropical forests play an increasingly important role in carbon budgets and biodiversity conservation. Understanding successional trajectories is therefore imperative for guiding forest restoration and climate change mitigation efforts. Forest succession is driven by the demographic strategies-combinations of growth, mortality and recruitment rates-of the tree species in the community. However, our understanding of demographic diversity in tropical tree species stems almost exclusively from old-growth forests. Here, we assembled demographic information from repeated forest inventories along chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry (Mexico) Neotropical forests to assess whether the ranges of demographic strategies present in a community shift across succession. We calculated demographic rates for >500 tree species while controlling for canopy status to compare demographic diversity (i.e., the ranges of demographic strategies) in early successional (0-30 years), late successional (30-120 years) and old-growth forests using two-dimensional hypervolumes of pairs of demographic rates. Ranges of demographic strategies largely overlapped across successional stages, and early successional stages already covered the full spectrum of demographic strategies found in old-growth forests. An exception was a group of species characterized by exceptionally high mortality rates that was confined to early successional stages in the two wet forests. The range of demographic strategies did not expand with succession. Our results suggest that studies of long-term forest monitoring plots in old-growth forests, from which most of our current understanding of demographic strategies of tropical tree species is derived, are surprisingly representative of demographic diversity in general, but do not replace the need for further studies in secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus E Schorn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Kambach
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
- Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa de Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Omar R Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Clayton, Panama
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
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3
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Yu W, Albert G, Rosenbaum B, Schnabel F, Bruelheide H, Connolly J, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Trogisch S, Rüger N, Brose U. Systematic distributions of interaction strengths across tree interaction networks yield positive diversity-productivity relationships. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14338. [PMID: 38030225 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying diversity-productivity relationships (DPRs) is crucial to mitigating the effects of forest biodiversity loss. Tree-tree interactions in diverse communities are fundamental in driving growth rates, potentially shaping the emergent DPRs, yet remain poorly explored. Here, using data from a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China, we demonstrated that changes in individual tree productivity were driven by species-specific pairwise interactions, with higher positive net pairwise interaction effects on trees in more diverse neighbourhoods. By perturbing the interactions strength from empirical data in simulations, we revealed that the positive differences between inter- and intra-specific interactions were the critical determinant for the emergence of positive DPRs. Surprisingly, the condition for positive DPRs corresponded to the condition for coexistence. Our results thus provide a novel insight into how pairwise tree interactions regulate DPRs, with implications for identifying the tree mixtures with maximized productivity to guide forest restoration and reforestation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Albert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Schnabel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - John Connolly
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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4
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Girard-Tercieux C, Maréchaux I, Clark AT, Clark JS, Courbaud B, Fortunel C, Guillemot J, Künstler G, le Maire G, Pélissier R, Rüger N, Vieilledent G. Rethinking the nature of intraspecific variability and its consequences on species coexistence. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9860. [PMID: 36911314 PMCID: PMC9992775 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variability (IV) has been proposed to explain species coexistence in diverse communities. Assuming, sometimes implicitly, that conspecific individuals can perform differently in the same environment and that IV increases niche overlap, previous studies have found contrasting results regarding the effect of IV on species coexistence. We aim at showing that the large IV observed in data does not mean that conspecific individuals are necessarily different in their response to the environment and that the role of high-dimensional environmental variation in determining IV has largely remained unexplored in forest plant communities. We first used a simulation experiment where an individual attribute is derived from a high-dimensional model, representing "perfect knowledge" of individual response to the environment, to illustrate how large observed IV can result from "imperfect knowledge" of the environment. Second, using growth data from clonal Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, we estimated a major contribution of the environment in determining individual growth. Third, using tree growth data from long-term tropical forest inventories in French Guiana, Panama and India, we showed that tree growth in tropical forests is structured spatially and that despite a large observed IV at the population level, conspecific individuals perform more similarly locally than compared with heterospecific individuals. As the number of environmental dimensions that are well quantified at fine scale is generally lower than the actual number of dimensions influencing individual attributes, a great part of observed IV might be represented as random variation across individuals when in fact it is environmentally driven. This mis-representation has important consequences for inference about community dynamics. We emphasize that observed IV does not necessarily impact species coexistence per se but can reveal species response to high-dimensional environment, which is consistent with niche theory and the observation of the many differences between species in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam T Clark
- Institute of Biology Karl-Franzens University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM St-Martin-d'Hères France
| | - Benoît Courbaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM St-Martin-d'Hères France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - Guerric le Maire
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France.,Department of Ecology French Institute of Pondicherry Puducherry India
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Department of Economics University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
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5
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Ohse B, Compagnoni A, Farrior CE, McMahon SM, Salguero-Gómez R, Rüger N, Knight TM. Demographic synthesis for global tree species conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:579-590. [PMID: 36822929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Conserving the tree species of the world requires syntheses on which tree species are most vulnerable to pressing threats, such as climate change, invasive pests and pathogens, or selective logging. Here, we review the population and forest dynamics models that, when parameterized with data from population studies, forest inventories, or tree rings, have been used for identifying life-history strategies of species and threat-related changes in population demography and dynamics. The available evidence suggests that slow-growing and/or long-lived species are the most vulnerable. However, a lack of comparative, multi-species studies still challenges more precise predictions of the vulnerability of tree species to threats. Improving data coverage for mortality and recruitment, and accounting for interactions among threats, would greatly advance vulnerability assessments for conservation prioritizations of trees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ohse
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Aldo Compagnoni
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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6
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Joswig JS, Wirth C, Schuman MC, Kattge J, Reu B, Wright IJ, Sippel SD, Rüger N, Richter R, Schaepman ME, van Bodegom PM, Cornelissen JHC, Díaz S, Hattingh WN, Kramer K, Lens F, Niinemets Ü, Reich PB, Reichstein M, Römermann C, Schrodt F, Anand M, Bahn M, Byun C, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Craine JM, Gonzalez-Melo A, Gutiérrez AG, He T, Higuchi P, Jactel H, Kraft NJB, Minden V, Onipchenko V, Peñuelas J, Pillar VD, Sosinski Ê, Soudzilovskaia NA, Weiher E, Mahecha MD. Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:36-50. [PMID: 34949824 PMCID: PMC8752441 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land-climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Joswig
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wirth
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meredith C. Schuman
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kattge
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Reu
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Ian J. Wright
- grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Sebastian D. Sippel
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.454322.60000 0004 4910 9859Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadja Rüger
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.438006.90000 0001 2296 9689Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
| | - Ronny Richter
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Institute for Geography, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael E. Schaepman
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. H. C. Cornelissen
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Díaz
- grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Koen Kramer
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Chairgroup Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands ,Land Life Company, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lens
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XResearch Group Functional Traits, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands ,grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter B. Reich
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales Australia ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Markus Reichstein
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Schrodt
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Madhur Anand
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Michael Bahn
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chaeho Byun
- grid.252211.70000 0001 2299 2686Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Andres Gonzalez-Melo
- grid.412191.e0000 0001 2205 5940Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tianhua He
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia Australia
| | - Pedro Higuchi
- grid.412287.a0000 0001 2150 7271Department of Forestry, Universidade do Estado de Santa, Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Hervé Jactel
- grid.508391.60000 0004 0622 9359INRAE University Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Vanessa Minden
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.5560.60000 0001 1009 3608Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain ,grid.452388.00000 0001 0722 403XCREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ênio Sosinski
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XEmbrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium ,grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Evan Weiher
- grid.267460.10000 0001 2227 2494Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI USA
| | - Miguel D. Mahecha
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Poorter L, Craven D, Jakovac CC, van der Sande MT, Amissah L, Bongers F, Chazdon RL, Farrior CE, Kambach S, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Norden N, Rüger N, van Breugel M, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Amani B, Andrade JL, Brancalion PHS, Broadbent EN, de Foresta H, Dent DH, Derroire G, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Fantini AC, Finegan B, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Hietz P, Junqueira AB, N'dja JK, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, López-Camacho R, Martínez-Ramos M, Melo FPL, Mora F, Müller SC, N'Guessan AE, Oberleitner F, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Pinho BX, Piotto D, Powers JS, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Rozendaal DMA, Ruíz J, Tabarelli M, Teixeira HM, Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio E, van der Wal H, Villa PM, Fernandes GW, Santos BA, Aguilar-Cano J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Alvarez-Davila E, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Cabral GAL, Castellanos-Castro C, de Jong BHJ, Nieto JE, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, García H, García-Villalobos D, Hall JS, Idárraga A, Jiménez-Montoya J, Kennard D, Marín-Spiotta E, Mesquita R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-Cárdenas N, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Villanueva LS, Schwartz NB, Steininger MK, Veloso MDM, Vester HFM, Vieira ICG, Williamson GB, Zanini K, Hérault B. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery. Science 2021; 374:1370-1376. [PMID: 34882461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephan Kambach
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bienvenu Amani
- UFR Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hubert de Foresta
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Kassi N'dja
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Heitor Mancini Teixeira
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco, México
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Geraldo W Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | | | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lucía Sanaphre Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc K Steininger
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.,Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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8
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Crawford MS, Barry KE, Clark AT, Farrior CE, Hines J, Ladouceur E, Lichstein JW, Maréchaux I, May F, Mori AS, Reineking B, Turnbull LA, Wirth C, Rüger N. The function-dominance correlation drives the direction and strength of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1762-1775. [PMID: 34157796 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Community composition is a primary determinant of how biodiversity change influences ecosystem functioning and, therefore, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). We examine the consequences of community composition across six structurally realistic plant community models. We find that a positive correlation between species' functioning in monoculture versus their dominance in mixture with regard to a specific function (the "function-dominance correlation") generates a positive relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning across species richness treatments. However, because realised diversity declines when few species dominate, a positive function-dominance correlation generates a negative relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning within species richness treatments. Removing seed inflow strengthens the link between the function-dominance correlation and BEF relationships across species richness treatments but weakens it within them. These results suggest that changes in species' identities in a local species pool may more strongly affect ecosystem functioning than changes in species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Crawford
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Land-Use Management, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam T Clark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,Biodiversity Synthesis, Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Maréchaux
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, IRD, France.,Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Felix May
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Gartenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Björn Reineking
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,University of Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, Grenoble, France.,Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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9
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Compagnoni A, Levin S, Childs DZ, Harpole S, Paniw M, Römer G, Burns JH, Che-Castaldo J, Rüger N, Kunstler G, Bennett JM, Archer CR, Jones OR, Salguero-Gómez R, Knight TM. Herbaceous perennial plants with short generation time have stronger responses to climate anomalies than those with longer generation time. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1824. [PMID: 33758189 PMCID: PMC7988175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to synthesize the state of our knowledge on plant responses to climate. The availability of open-access data provide opportunities to examine quantitative generalizations regarding which biomes and species are most responsive to climate drivers. Here, we synthesize time series of structured population models from 162 populations of 62 plants, mostly herbaceous species from temperate biomes, to link plant population growth rates (λ) to precipitation and temperature drivers. We expect: (1) more pronounced demographic responses to precipitation than temperature, especially in arid biomes; and (2) a higher climate sensitivity in short-lived rather than long-lived species. We find that precipitation anomalies have a nearly three-fold larger effect on λ than temperature. Species with shorter generation time have much stronger absolute responses to climate anomalies. We conclude that key species-level traits can predict plant population responses to climate, and discuss the relevance of this generalization for conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Compagnoni
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sam Levin
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stan Harpole
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gesa Römer
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Judy Che-Castaldo
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joanne M Bennett
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, The University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Owen R Jones
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Tiffany M Knight
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
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10
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Rüger N, Condit R, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Hubbell SP, Lichstein JW, Lopez OR, Wirth C, Farrior CE. Demographic trade-offs predict tropical forest dynamics. Science 2020; 368:165-168. [PMID: 32273463 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding tropical forest dynamics and planning for their sustainable management require efficient, yet accurate, predictions of the joint dynamics of hundreds of tree species. With increasing information on tropical tree life histories, our predictive understanding is no longer limited by species data but by the ability of existing models to make use of it. Using a demographic forest model, we show that the basal area and compositional changes during forest succession in a neotropical forest can be accurately predicted by representing tropical tree diversity (hundreds of species) with only five functional groups spanning two essential trade-offs-the growth-survival and stature-recruitment trade-offs. This data-driven modeling framework substantially improves our ability to predict consequences of anthropogenic impacts on tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Straße 12, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA.,Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rte. 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy W Lichstein
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Omar R Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Edificio 209, Clayton, Panama
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Thomas HJD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Kattge J, Diaz S, Vellend M, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Normand S, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Cornwell WK, Beck PSA, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Rüger N, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Te Beest M, Berner LT, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Carbognani M, Christie KS, Collier LS, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Heijmans MMPD, Hermanutz L, Hudson JMG, Johnstone JF, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Kaarlejarvi E, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz TC, Lévesque E, Little CJ, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Petraglia A, Rumpf SB, Shetti R, Speed JDM, Suding KN, Tape KD, Tomaselli M, Trant AJ, Treier UA, Tremblay M, Venn SE, Vowles T, Weijers S, Wookey PA, Zamin TJ, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Craine JM, Dainese M, Green WA, Jansen S, Kleyer M, Manning P, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ozinga WA, Peñuelas J, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp BS, Sheremetiev SN, de Vries FT. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1351. [PMID: 32165619 PMCID: PMC7067758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J D Thomas
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK.
| | - A D Bjorkman
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I H Myers-Smith
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - S C Elmendorf
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - J Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Diaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Av.Velez Sarsfield 299, Cordoba, Argentina
- FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boul. de l'Université Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D Blok
- Dutch Research Council, (NWO), Postbus 93460, 2509 AL, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - G H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - R D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, 3300a Kindschi Hall of Science, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - S Normand
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Prevéy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - C Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - G Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Runatsch 124, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, 7530, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - W K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - P S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - D Georges
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
- International Agency for Research in Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - S J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, Maine, 04544, USA
| | - N Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue, Bldg. 401 Tupper, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - N A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Life Sciences Building, Eucalyptus Dr #2710, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - J M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - H D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Angers-Blondin
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Scotland, UK
| | - M Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1295S Knoles Dr, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Buchwal
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznan, Poland
- University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - A Buras
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Carbognani
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - K S Christie
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - L S Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - E J Cooper
- Deptartment of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscences Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland
| | - E R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - O Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - P Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - J M G Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - K Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6134, USA
| | - F Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - E Kaarlejarvi
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Brussles, Belgium
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box, 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - L J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - T C Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, David Turpin Building, B243, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - C J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, the Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S S Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - V G Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University, 119234, Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - A Petraglia
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - K D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Engineering Learning and Innovation Facility (ELIF), Suite 240, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA
| | - M Tomaselli
- Deptartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A J Trant
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - U A Treier
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, Québec, Canada
| | - S E Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - T Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - P A Wookey
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - T J Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 3 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 8000 Co Rd 317, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94706, USA
| | - P M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - G Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine-Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Univeristy of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - B E L Cerabolini
- DBSV-University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F S Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - J M Craine
- Jonah Ventures, 1600 Range Street Suite 201, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - M Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC Research, Viale Druso, 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - W A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - S Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Kleyer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - P Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ü Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Y Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W A Ozinga
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - B Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - B S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste., Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - S N Sheremetiev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popova Street, 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - F T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T, Abedi M, Acosta ATR, Adamidis GC, Adamson K, Aiba M, Albert CH, Alcántara JM, Alcázar C C, Aleixo I, Ali H, Amiaud B, Ammer C, Amoroso MM, Anand M, Anderson C, Anten N, Antos J, Apgaua DMG, Ashman TL, Asmara DH, Asner GP, Aspinwall M, Atkin O, Aubin I, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Baker T, Baker WJ, Bakker JP, Baldocchi D, Baltzer J, Banerjee A, Baranger A, Barlow J, Barneche DR, Baruch Z, Bastianelli D, Battles J, Bauerle W, Bauters M, Bazzato E, Beckmann M, Beeckman H, Beierkuhnlein C, Bekker R, Belfry G, Belluau M, Beloiu M, Benavides R, Benomar L, Berdugo-Lattke ML, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Bergmann J, Bergmann Carlucci M, Berner L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bigler C, Bjorkman AD, Blackman C, Blanco C, Blonder B, Blumenthal D, Bocanegra-González KT, Boeckx P, Bohlman S, Böhning-Gaese K, Boisvert-Marsh L, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Boom A, Boonman CCF, Bordin K, Boughton EH, Boukili V, Bowman DMJS, Bravo S, Brendel MR, Broadley MR, Brown KA, Bruelheide H, Brumnich F, Bruun HH, Bruy D, Buchanan SW, Bucher SF, Buchmann N, Buitenwerf R, Bunker DE, Bürger J, Burrascano S, Burslem DFRP, Butterfield BJ, Byun C, Marques M, Scalon MC, Caccianiga M, Cadotte M, Cailleret M, Camac J, Camarero JJ, Campany C, Campetella G, Campos JA, Cano-Arboleda L, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Carvalho F, Casanoves F, Castagneyrol B, Catford JA, Cavender-Bares J, Cerabolini BEL, Cervellini M, Chacón-Madrigal E, Chapin K, Chapin FS, Chelli S, Chen SC, Chen A, Cherubini P, Chianucci F, Choat B, Chung KS, Chytrý M, Ciccarelli D, Coll L, Collins CG, Conti L, Coomes D, Cornelissen JHC, Cornwell WK, Corona P, Coyea M, Craine J, Craven D, Cromsigt JPGM, Csecserits A, Cufar K, Cuntz M, da Silva AC, Dahlin KM, Dainese M, Dalke I, Dalle Fratte M, Dang-Le AT, Danihelka J, Dannoura M, Dawson S, de Beer AJ, De Frutos A, De Long JR, Dechant B, Delagrange S, Delpierre N, Derroire G, Dias AS, 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M, Walther G, Wang H, Wang F, Wang W, Watkins H, Watkins J, Weber U, Weedon JT, Wei L, Weigelt P, Weiher E, Wells AW, Wellstein C, Wenk E, Westoby M, Westwood A, White PJ, Whitten M, Williams M, Winkler DE, Winter K, Womack C, Wright IJ, Wright SJ, Wright J, Pinho BX, Ximenes F, Yamada T, Yamaji K, Yanai R, Yankov N, Yguel B, Zanini KJ, Zanne AE, Zelený D, Zhao YP, Zheng J, Zheng J, Ziemińska K, Zirbel CR, Zizka G, Zo-Bi IC, Zotz G, Wirth C. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:119-188. [PMID: 31891233 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paul Leadley
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gijsbert D A Werner
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | | | - George C Adamidis
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kairi Adamson
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Izabela Aleixo
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hamada Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Ammer
- Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano M Amoroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolyn Anderson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Niels Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Degi Harja Asmara
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Atkin
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan P Bakker
- Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Diego R Barneche
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denis Bastianelli
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Montpellier, France
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
| | - John Battles
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Renee Bekker
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Belfry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Michael Belluau
- Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bergamin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Bergmann Carlucci
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Blackman
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dana Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly T Bocanegra-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Boisvert-Marsh
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
| | | | - Arnoud Boom
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kauane Bordin
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sandra Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Marco Richard Brendel
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Federico Brumnich
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jana Bürger
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Bradley J Butterfield
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chaeho Byun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marcia Marques
- Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR - Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marina C Scalon
- Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Cadotte
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- IRSTEA Aix-en-Provence, UMR RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James Camac
- Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Juan Antonio Campos
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Cano-Arboleda
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cervellini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lluís Coll
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marie Coyea
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Katarina Cufar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Igor Dalke
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- University of Science - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jirí Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Samantha Dawson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arend Jacobus de Beer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel De Frutos
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada
- UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Institut für Physische Geographie, Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark Dobrowolski
- Iluka Resources, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Doktor
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Dřevojan
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Dressler
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leandro Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilie Ducouret
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Durka
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Remko Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olga Dymova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences - Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - James Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Engemann
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerd Esser
- Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Spanish National Research Council - CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Fagúndez
- Campus da Zapateira, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Fan
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Mendez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Colombia
| | | | | | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dan F B Flynn
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika Fontana
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Estelle Forey
- Laboratoire ECODIV URA, IRSTEA/EA 1293, Normandie Université, UFR ST, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Cristiane Forgiarini
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louis François
- Unit of Research SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Frangipani
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, Moulis, France
| | - Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environment Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Guilherme G Mazzochini
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Gachet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ganga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Verónica Gargaglione
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Eric Garnier
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Luis Garrido
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - David Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Aelton Giroldo
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Crateús, Brazil
| | | | - Sean Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mariana Gliesch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bastian Göldel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrés González-Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Elena Granda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Walton A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gregor
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gross
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Greg R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alvaro G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lillie Haddock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anna Haines
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jefferson Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Wesley Hattingh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Pengcheng He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Hentschel
- Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytehcnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Katharina Herz
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
- The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - James Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Karen Holl
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Enqing Hou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Knut Anders Hovstad
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Boris Igić
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estela Illa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masae Ishihara
- Ashiu Forest Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leonid Ivanov
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Larissa Ivanova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Jordi Izquierdo
- Barcelona School of Agricultural Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
| | | | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kornik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Jenkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- BayCEER, Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | | | | | - Eric J Jokela
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Stuart Joseph
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Decky Junaedi
- Cibodas Botanical Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School Of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Robert R Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eric Justes
- PERSYST Department, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Richard Kabzems
- BC Ministry Forest, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Dawson Creek, BC, Canada
| | | | - Zdenek Kaplan
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prùhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teja Kattenborn
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Mohammed I Khalil
- Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wilm Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Joice Klipel
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Klotz
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Fumito Koike
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Christian König
- Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dushan Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lafleur
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Lallai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eric Lamb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tali Lee
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yuanzhi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xine Li
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Jun Ying Lim
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joan Llusià
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department for Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Lukeš
- Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yunjian Luo
- Department of Ecology, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Siyan Ma
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Azim Mallik
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuleica Marchetti
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luca Marchino
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Adam Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Tereza Mašková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Mason
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Norman Mason
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Beira, Sofala Province, Mozambique
| | - Jacynthe Masse
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James McCarthy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ian R McFadden
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mara Y McPartland
- Department of Geography, Environment & Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Belinda Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zia Mehrabi
- Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chrysanthi Michelaki
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Svetlana Migalina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | | | - Vanessa Minden
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ray Ming
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Attila Molnár
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Martin Molz
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaud Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Alvaro Moreno-Martínez
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Dave Morris
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Morrison
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra Mueller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Randall W Myster
- Biology Department, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | | | - Shawna Naidu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ayyappan Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Luka Negoita
- Galápagos Verde 2050, Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rachael Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Novakovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Kristin Odden Nystuen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, NORD University, Steinkjer, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kevin O'Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Simon Oakley
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Ricardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Renske E Onstein
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny C Ordonez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Equador
| | | | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sarah Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Pahl
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Patacca
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Paula
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Luis Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | | | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, Voluntari, Romania
| | | | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Hendrik Poorter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - A Shafer Powell
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Rennes, France
| | | | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Raevel
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Courtenay A Ray
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Douglas E B Reid
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiamma Riviera
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M R Robert
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Bjorn Robroek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, Upton, USA
| | - Emily Rollinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Victor Rolo
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dina Ronzhina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Geoinformation, Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - David B Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
- Departamento de Dinamica y Gestion Forestal, INIA-CIFOR, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Saldaña
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ignacio Santa-Regina
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Santacruz-García
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Joaquim Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon D Schowanek
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colleen Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Julia C Sfair
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Satomi Shiodera
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bill Shipley
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlos Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Vasco Silva
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Professor Baeta Neves" (CEABN), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mateus Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Henrik Sjöman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Darwin Sodhi
- Forest Sciences Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marko Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda B Stan
- Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan B Stojanovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maria Laura Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivana Svitková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Ecology and General Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emily Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nathan Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Japan
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rubén Tarifa
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain
| | - Simon Tauugourdeau
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
- CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominik Thom
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Ken Thompson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Yue Phin Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Qld, Australia
| | - Joseph Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Péter Török
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Soil and Plant Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Treurnicht
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Franck Trolliet
- Unit for Modelling of Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles, UR-SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James L Tsakalos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ioannis Tsiripidis
- School of Biology, Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, France
| | | | - Vladimir Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- College Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Elisa Van Cleemput
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Mark Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Kim André Vanselow
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
- Laboratorio de invasiones Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark Vellend
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jaime Villacís
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Pandi Vivek
- Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Katrin Wagner
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Waldram
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony Waldron
- Zoology Department, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martyn Waller
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Gabriel Walther
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Harry Watkins
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - James T Weedon
- Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Wei
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Weiher
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Aidan W Wells
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- Maritime and Science Technology Academy, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip John White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mathew Williams
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Chevonne Womack
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ximenes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ruth Yanai
- SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay Yankov
- Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Benjamin Yguel
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Chad R Zirbel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Georg Zizka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Kupers SJ, Wirth C, Engelbrecht BMJ, Hernández A, Condit R, Wright SJ, Rüger N. Performance of tropical forest seedlings under shade and drought: an interspecific trade-off in demographic responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18784. [PMID: 31827158 PMCID: PMC6906455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedlings in moist tropical forests must cope with deep shade and seasonal drought. However, the interspecific relationship between seedling performance in shade and drought remains unsettled. We quantified spatiotemporal variation in shade and drought in the seasonal moist tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and estimated responses of naturally regenerating seedlings as the slope of the relationship between performance and shade or drought intensity. Our performance metrics were relative height growth and first-year survival. We investigated the relationship between shade and drought responses for up to 63 species. There was an interspecific trade-off in species responses to shade versus species responses to dry season intensity; species that performed worse in the shade did not suffer during severe dry seasons and vice versa. This trade-off emerged in part from the absence of species that performed particularly well or poorly in both drought and shade. If drought stress in tropical forests increases with climate change and as solar radiation is higher during droughts, the trade-off may reinforce a shift towards species that resist drought but perform poorly in the shade by releasing them from deep shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Kupers
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
- Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60532-1293, USA
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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14
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Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Normand S, Rüger N, Beck PSA, Blach-Overgaard A, Blok D, Cornelissen JHC, Forbes BC, Georges D, Goetz SJ, Guay KC, Henry GHR, HilleRisLambers J, Hollister RD, Karger DN, Kattge J, Manning P, Prevéy JS, Rixen C, Schaepman-Strub G, Thomas HJD, Vellend M, Wilmking M, Wipf S, Carbognani M, Hermanutz L, Lévesque E, Molau U, Petraglia A, Soudzilovskaia NA, Spasojevic MJ, Tomaselli M, Vowles T, Alatalo JM, Alexander HD, Anadon-Rosell A, Angers-Blondin S, Beest MT, Berner L, Björk RG, Buchwal A, Buras A, Christie K, Cooper EJ, Dullinger S, Elberling B, Eskelinen A, Frei ER, Grau O, Grogan P, Hallinger M, Harper KA, Heijmans MMPD, Hudson J, Hülber K, Iturrate-Garcia M, Iversen CM, Jaroszynska F, Johnstone JF, Jørgensen RH, Kaarlejärvi E, Klady R, Kuleza S, Kulonen A, Lamarque LJ, Lantz T, Little CJ, Speed JDM, Michelsen A, Milbau A, Nabe-Nielsen J, Nielsen SS, Ninot JM, Oberbauer SF, Olofsson J, Onipchenko VG, Rumpf SB, Semenchuk P, Shetti R, Collier LS, Street LE, Suding KN, Tape KD, Trant A, Treier UA, Tremblay JP, Tremblay M, Venn S, Weijers S, Zamin T, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Gould WA, Hik DS, Hofgaard A, Jónsdóttir IS, Jorgenson J, Klein J, Magnusson B, Tweedie C, Wookey PA, Bahn M, Blonder B, van Bodegom PM, Bond-Lamberty B, Campetella G, Cerabolini BEL, Chapin FS, Cornwell WK, Craine J, Dainese M, de Vries FT, Díaz S, Enquist BJ, Green W, Milla R, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Ordoñez JC, Ozinga WA, Penuelas J, Poorter H, Poschlod P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schamp B, Sheremetev S, Weiher E. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. Nature 2018; 562:57-62. [PMID: 30258229 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Bjorkman
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Signe Normand
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Pieter S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daan Blok
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce C Forbes
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Damien Georges
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,International Agency for Research in Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin C Guay
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet S Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tage Vowles
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heather D Alexander
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alba Anadon-Rosell
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agata Buchwal
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Allan Buras
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esther R Frei
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Grau
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hallinger
- Biology Department, Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen A Harper
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Monique M P D Heijmans
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Hudson
- British Columbia Public Service, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maitane Iturrate-Garcia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rasmus Halfdan Jørgensen
- Forest and Landscape College, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Nødebo, Denmark
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Klady
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Kuleza
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aino Kulonen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Trevor Lantz
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chelsea J Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - James D M Speed
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sigrid Schøler Nielsen
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josep M Ninot
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohan Shetti
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Lorna E Street
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ken D Tape
- Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Andrew Trant
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urs A Treier
- Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie, Centre d'études nordiques and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Tremblay
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement et Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stef Weijers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tara Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William A Gould
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - David S Hik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Janet Jorgenson
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Philip A Wookey
- Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Walton Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Milla
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Team Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Evan Weiher
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
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15
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Kissling WD, Walls R, Bowser A, Jones MO, Kattge J, Agosti D, Amengual J, Basset A, van Bodegom PM, Cornelissen JHC, Denny EG, Deudero S, Egloff W, Elmendorf SC, Alonso García E, Jones KD, Jones OR, Lavorel S, Lear D, Navarro LM, Pawar S, Pirzl R, Rüger N, Sal S, Salguero-Gómez R, Schigel D, Schulz KS, Skidmore A, Guralnick RP. Towards global data products of Essential Biodiversity Variables on species traits. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1531-1540. [PMID: 30224814 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) allow observation and reporting of global biodiversity change, but a detailed framework for the empirical derivation of specific EBVs has yet to be developed. Here, we re-examine and refine the previous candidate set of species traits EBVs and show how traits related to phenology, morphology, reproduction, physiology and movement can contribute to EBV operationalization. The selected EBVs express intra-specific trait variation and allow monitoring of how organisms respond to global change. We evaluate the societal relevance of species traits EBVs for policy targets and demonstrate how open, interoperable and machine-readable trait data enable the building of EBV data products. We outline collection methods, meta(data) standardization, reproducible workflows, semantic tools and licence requirements for producing species traits EBVs. An operationalization is critical for assessing progress towards biodiversity conservation and sustainable development goals and has wide implications for data-intensive science in ecology, biogeography, conservation and Earth observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Daniel Kissling
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Anne Bowser
- Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC, USA
| | - Matthew O Jones
- University of Montana, W. A. Franke Department of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Josep Amengual
- Area de Conservacion, Seguimiento y Programas de la Red, Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Basset
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen G Denny
- USA National Phenology Network, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle Ecology, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Katherine D Jones
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle Ecology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Owen R Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dan Lear
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Laetitia M Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Rebecca Pirzl
- CSIRO and Atlas of Living Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Sofia Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Roberto Salguero-Gómez
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Evolutionary Demography Laboratory, Max Plank Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dmitry Schigel
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Secretariat, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja-Sabine Schulz
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA
| | - Andrew Skidmore
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Rüger N, Comita LS, Condit R, Purves D, Rosenbaum B, Visser MD, Wright S, Wirth C. Beyond the fast–slow continuum: demographic dimensions structuring a tropical tree community. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1075-1084. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado0843‐03092 Ancón Panama
| | - Liza S. Comita
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado0843‐03092 Ancón Panama
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT06511 USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago IL60605 USA
- Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Rte. 53 Lisle IL60532 USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Str. 159 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Marco D. Visser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ08544 USA
| | - S.J Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado0843‐03092 Ancón Panama
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- AG Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 21 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry Hans‐Knöll‐Str. 10 07743 Jena Germany
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17
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Prevéy J, Vellend M, Rüger N, Hollister RD, Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Clark K, Cooper EJ, Elberling B, Fosaa AM, Henry GHR, Høye TT, Jónsdóttir IS, Klanderud K, Lévesque E, Mauritz M, Molau U, Natali SM, Oberbauer SF, Panchen ZA, Post E, Rumpf SB, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Semenchuk PR, Troxler T, Welker JM, Rixen C. Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:2660-2671. [PMID: 28079308 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high-latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high-latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona. These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Prevéy
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
- USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert D Hollister
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49041, USA
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, NT X1A 3S8, Canada
| | - Elisabeth J Cooper
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna M Fosaa
- Faroese Museum of Natural History, Hoyvík 188, Faroe Islands
| | - Gregory H R Henry
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Toke T Høye
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg S Jónsdóttir
- The University Centre in Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Marguerite Mauritz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Center, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Zoe A Panchen
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Eric Post
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Niels M Schmidt
- Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Center, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Phillip R Semenchuk
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jeffrey M Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
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18
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Díaz S, Kattge J, Cornelissen JHC, Wright IJ, Lavorel S, Dray S, Reu B, Kleyer M, Wirth C, Prentice IC, Garnier E, Bönisch G, Westoby M, Poorter H, Reich PB, Moles AT, Dickie J, Gillison AN, Zanne AE, Chave J, Wright SJ, Sheremet'ev SN, Jactel H, Baraloto C, Cerabolini B, Pierce S, Shipley B, Kirkup D, Casanoves F, Joswig JS, Günther A, Falczuk V, Rüger N, Mahecha MD, Gorné LD. The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 2015; 529:167-71. [PMID: 26700811 DOI: 10.1038/nature16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1000] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinations have proved evolutionarily viable in today's terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traits critical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we found that occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Three-quarters of trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One major dimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economics spectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides a backdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improving models that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Dray
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Björn Reu
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra. 27 Calle 9, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,AXA Chair in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Eric Garnier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS-Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gerhard Bönisch
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John Dickie
- Collections , The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Andrew N Gillison
- Center for Biodiversity Management, P.O. Box 120, Yungaburra, Queensland 4884, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.,Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS &Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Serge N Sheremet'ev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popov Street 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France.,Université de Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.,INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Cerabolini
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Donald Kirkup
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Jodrell Building, The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), 7170 Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Julia S Joswig
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Valeria Falczuk
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Miguel D Mahecha
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucas D Gorné
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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19
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Holzwarth F, Rüger N, Wirth C. Taking a closer look: disentangling effects of functional diversity on ecosystem functions with a trait-based model across hierarchy and time. R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:140541. [PMID: 26064620 PMCID: PMC4448832 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has progressed from the detection of relationships to elucidating their drivers and underlying mechanisms. In this context, replacing taxonomic predictors by trait-based measures of functional composition (FC)-bridging functions of species and of ecosystems-is a widely used approach. The inherent challenge of trait-based approaches is the multi-faceted, dynamic and hierarchical nature of trait influence: (i) traits may act via different facets of their distribution in a community, (ii) their influence may change over time and (iii) traits may influence processes at different levels of the natural hierarchy of organization. Here, we made use of the forest ecosystem model 'LPJ-GUESS' parametrized with empirical trait data, which creates output of individual performance, community assembly, stand-level states and processes. To address the three challenges, we resolved the dynamics of the top-level ecosystem function 'annual biomass change' hierarchically into its various component processes (growth, leaf and root turnover, recruitment and mortality) and states (stand structures, water stress) and traced the influence of different facets of FC along this hierarchy in a path analysis. We found an independent influence of functional richness, dissimilarity and identity on ecosystem states and processes and hence biomass change. Biodiversity effects were only positive during early succession and later turned negative. Unexpectedly, resource acquisition (growth, recruitment) and conservation (mortality, turnover) played an equally important role throughout the succession. These results add to a mechanistic understanding of biodiversity effects and place a caveat on simplistic approaches omitting hierarchical levels when analysing BEF relationships. They support the view that BEF relationships experience dramatic shifts over successional time that should be acknowledged in mechanistic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Holzwarth
- AG Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panama
| | - Christian Wirth
- AG Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Grote S, Condit R, Hubbell S, Wirth C, Rüger N. Response of demographic rates of tropical trees to light availability: can position-based competition indices replace information from canopy census data? PLoS One 2013; 8:e81787. [PMID: 24324723 PMCID: PMC3855810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For trees in tropical forests, competition for light is thought to be a central process that offers opportunities for niche differentiation through light gradient partitioning. In previous studies, a canopy index based on three-dimensional canopy census data has been shown to be a good predictor of species-specific demographic rates across the entire tree community on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and has allowed quantifying between-species variation in light response. However, almost all other forest census plots lack data on the canopy structure. Hence, this study aims at assessing whether position-based neighborhood competition indices can replace information from canopy census data and produce similar estimates of the interspecific variation of light responses. We used inventory data from the census plot at Barro Colorado Island and calculated neighborhood competition indices with varying relative effects of the size and distance of neighboring trees. Among these indices, we selected the one that was most strongly correlated with the canopy index. We then compared outcomes of hierarchical Bayesian models for species-specific recruitment and growth rates including either the canopy index or the selected neighborhood competition index as predictor. Mean posterior estimates of light response parameters were highly correlated between models (r>0.85) and indicated that most species regenerate and grow better in higher light. Both light estimation approaches consistently found that the interspecific variation of light response was larger for recruitment than for growth rates. However, the classification of species into different groups of light response, e.g. weaker than linear (decelerating) vs. stronger than linear (accelerating) differed between approaches. These results imply that while the classification into light response groups might be biased when using neighborhood competition indices, they may be useful for determining species rankings and between-species variation of light response and therefore enable large comparative studies between different forest census plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Grote
- Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Stephen Hubbell
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Wirth
- Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Relationships between functional traits and average or potential demographic rates have provided insight into the functional constraints and trade-offs underlying life-history strategies of tropical tree species. We have extended this framework by decomposing growth rates of -130 000 trees of 171 Neotropical tree species into intrinsic growth and the response of growth to light and size. We related these growth characteristics to multiple functional traits (wood density, adult stature, seed mass, leaf traits) in a hierarchical Bayesian model that accounted for measurement error and intraspecific variability of functional traits. Wood density was the most important trait determining all three growth characteristics. Intrinsic growth rates were additionally strongly related to adult stature, while all traits contributed to light response. Our analysis yielded a predictive model that allows estimation of growth characteristics for rare species on the basis of a few easily measurable morphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rüger
- Universität Leipzig, AG Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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23
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Rüger N, Berger U, Hubbell SP, Vieilledent G, Condit R. Growth strategies of tropical tree species: disentangling light and size effects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25330. [PMID: 21966498 PMCID: PMC3178650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the drivers of tree growth at the species level is required to predict likely changes of carbon stocks and biodiversity when environmental conditions change. Especially in species-rich tropical forests, it is largely unknown how species differ in their response of growth to resource availability and individual size. We use a hierarchical Bayesian approach to quantify the impact of light availability and tree diameter on growth of 274 woody species in a 50-ha long-term forest census plot in Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Light reaching each individual tree was estimated from yearly vertical censuses of canopy density. The hierarchical Bayesian approach allowed accounting for different sources of error, such as negative growth observations, and including rare species correctly weighted by their abundance. All species grew faster at higher light. Exponents of a power function relating growth to light were mostly between 0 and 1. This indicates that nearly all species exhibit a decelerating increase of growth with light. In contrast, estimated growth rates at standardized conditions (5 cm dbh, 5% light) varied over a 9-fold range and reflect strong growth-strategy differentiation between the species. As a consequence, growth rankings of the species at low (2%) and high light (20%) were highly correlated. Rare species tended to grow faster and showed a greater sensitivity to light than abundant species. Overall, tree size was less important for growth than light and about half the species were predicted to grow faster in diameter when bigger or smaller, respectively. Together light availability and tree diameter only explained on average 12% of the variation in growth rates. Thus, other factors such as soil characteristics, herbivory, or pathogens may contribute considerably to shaping tree growth in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rüger
- Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Schlüter M, Rüger N, Savitsky AG, Novikova NM, Matthies M, Lieth H. TUGAI: An integrated simulation tool for ecological assessment of alternative water management strategies in a degraded river delta. Environ Manage 2006; 38:638-53. [PMID: 16933083 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-005-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of ecologically sound water allocation strategies that account for the needs of riverine ecosystems is a pressing issue, especially in semiarid river basins. In the Aral Sea Basin, a search for strategies to mitigate ecological and socioeconomic deterioration has been in process since the early 1990s. The Geographic Information System-based simulation tool TUGAI has been developed to support the policy determination process by providing a simple, problem-oriented method to assess ecological effects of alternative water management strategies for the Amudarya River. It combines a multiobjective water allocation model with simple, spatially explicit statistical and rule-based models of landscape dynamics. Changes in environmental conditions are evaluated by a fuzzy habitat suitability index for Populus euphratica, which is the dominant species of the characteristic riverine Tugai forests. Water management scenarios can be developed by altering spatiotemporal water distribution in the delta area or the amount of water inflow into the delta. Outcomes of scenario analysis are qualitative comparisons of the ecological effects of different options for a time period of up to 28 years. The given approach utilizes different types of knowledge, from quantitative hydrological data to qualitative local expert knowledge. The main purpose of the tool is to integrate the knowledge in a comprehensive way to make it available for discussions on alternative policies in moderated workshops with stakeholders. In this article, the modules of the tool, their integration, and three hypothetical scenarios are presented. Based on the experience gained when developing the TUGAI tool, we propose that the general framework can be transferred to other areas where tradeoffs in water allocation between the environment and other water users are of major concern. The potential for a simulation tool to structure and inform a complex resource management situation by involving local experts and stakeholders in the development of possible future scenarios will become increasingly valuable for transparent and participatory resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Schlüter
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Grimm V, Berger U, Bastiansen F, Eliassen S, Ginot V, Giske J, Goss-Custard J, Grand T, Heinz SK, Huse G, Huth A, Jepsen JU, Jørgensen C, Mooij WM, Müller B, Pe’er G, Piou C, Railsback SF, Robbins AM, Robbins MM, Rossmanith E, Rüger N, Strand E, Souissi S, Stillman RA, Vabø R, Visser U, DeAngelis DL. A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecol Modell 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1080] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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