1
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Duan M, Gao G, Lin A, Mackey EJ, Banfield DK, Merz AJ. SM protein Sly1 and a SNARE Habc domain promote membrane fusion through multiple mechanisms. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202001034. [PMID: 38478017 PMCID: PMC10943372 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
SM proteins including Sly1 are essential cofactors of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. Using SNARE and Sly1 mutants and chemically defined in vitro assays, we separate and assess proposed mechanisms through which Sly1 augments fusion: (i) opening the closed conformation of the Qa-SNARE Sed5; (ii) close-range tethering of vesicles to target organelles, mediated by the Sly1-specific regulatory loop; and (iii) nucleation of productive trans-SNARE complexes. We show that all three mechanisms are important and operate in parallel, and that close-range tethering promotes trans-complex assembly when cis-SNARE assembly is a competing process. Further, we demonstrate that the autoinhibitory N-terminal Habc domain of Sed5 has at least two positive activities: it is needed for correct Sed5 localization, and it directly promotes Sly1-dependent fusion. "Split Sed5," with Habc presented solely as a soluble fragment, can function both in vitro and in vivo. Habc appears to facilitate events leading to lipid mixing rather than promoting opening or stability of the fusion pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guanbin Gao
- The Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ariel Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emma J. Mackey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David K. Banfield
- The Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alexey J. Merz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Duan M, Plemel RL, Takenaka T, Lin A, Delgado BM, Nattermann U, Nickerson DP, Mima J, Miller EA, Merz AJ. SNARE chaperone Sly1 directly mediates close-range vesicle tethering. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202001032. [PMID: 38478018 PMCID: PMC10943277 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The essential Golgi protein Sly1 is a member of the Sec1/mammalian Unc-18 (SM) family of SNARE chaperones. Sly1 was originally identified through remarkable gain-of-function alleles that bypass requirements for diverse vesicle tethering factors. Employing genetic analyses and chemically defined reconstitutions of ER-Golgi fusion, we discovered that a loop conserved among Sly1 family members is not only autoinhibitory but also acts as a positive effector. An amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS)-like helix within the loop directly binds high-curvature membranes. Membrane binding is required for relief of Sly1 autoinhibition and also allows Sly1 to directly tether incoming vesicles to the Qa-SNARE on the target organelle. The SLY1-20 mutation bypasses requirements for diverse tethering factors but loses this ability if the tethering activity is impaired. We propose that long-range tethers, including Golgins and multisubunit tethering complexes, hand off vesicles to Sly1, which then tethers at close range to initiate trans-SNARE complex assembly and fusion in the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachael L. Plemel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ariel Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | | | - Una Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Biophysics, Structure, and Design Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Joji Mima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Alexey J. Merz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Kim D, Olson JM, Cooper JA. N-cadherin dynamically regulates pediatric glioma cell migration in complex environments. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401057. [PMID: 38477830 PMCID: PMC10937189 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas are highly invasive and essentially incurable. Glioma cells migrate between neurons and glia, along axon tracts, and through extracellular matrix surrounding blood vessels and underlying the pia. Mechanisms that allow adaptation to such complex environments are poorly understood. N-cadherin is highly expressed in pediatric gliomas and associated with shorter survival. We found that intercellular homotypic N-cadherin interactions differentially regulate glioma migration according to the microenvironment, stimulating migration on cultured neurons or astrocytes but inhibiting invasion into reconstituted or astrocyte-deposited extracellular matrix. N-cadherin localizes to filamentous connections between migrating leader cells but to epithelial-like junctions between followers. Leader cells have more surface and recycling N-cadherin, increased YAP1/TAZ signaling, and increased proliferation relative to followers. YAP1/TAZ signaling is dynamically regulated as leaders and followers change position, leading to altered N-cadherin levels and organization. Together, the results suggest that pediatric glioma cells adapt to different microenvironments by regulating N-cadherin dynamics and cell-cell contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Kim
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James M. Olson
- Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Cooper
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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McQuade E, Sánchez H, Hidalgo J, Cabello R, Fernandez R, Jones J, Duerr A, Lankowski A. HIV Risk Behaviors and the Use of Geosocial Networking Dating Apps among Men Who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Lima, Peru: a Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04362-7. [PMID: 38755430 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Geosocial networking dating apps (GSN apps) are an increasingly widespread technology used by populations throughout the world to facilitate sexual encounters. Studies from a variety of settings suggest a possible association between GSN app use and HIV risk behaviors, including among sexual and gender minority populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). However, it remains unclear to what extent GSN apps play a causal role. We explored the relationship between GSN app use and sexual risk behaviors among MSM and TW in Lima, Peru by analyzing data from a multi-site cross-sectional survey assessing both general and partner-specific sexual behaviors. We performed bivariate analysis to estimate the association of GSN app use with different individual and partner-specific factors, then fit multivariable regression models adjusting for age and education. Among 741 total participants (698 MSM, 43 TW), 64% met at least one sex partner in the prior three months using a GSN app. GSN app users were significantly more likely to report engaging in HIV risk behaviors in general, including condomless receptive anal sex, group sex, transactional sex, and sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Having condomless anal sex with a given partner was not associated with meeting that partner via GSN app. These findings highlight GSN app users as a particularly vulnerable subpopulation among MSM and TW in Lima. GSN apps could provide a useful vehicle for targeted HIV prevention efforts for priority populations in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeb Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Duerr
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Lankowski
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Rojas Echeverri JC, Hause F, Iacobucci C, Ihling CH, Tänzler D, Shulman N, Riffle M, MacLean BX, Sinz A. A Workflow for Improved Analysis of Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Data Integrating Parallel Accumulation-Serial Fragmentation with MeroX and Skyline. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7373-7379. [PMID: 38696819 PMCID: PMC11099889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has evolved into a pivotal technique for probing protein interactions. This study describes the implementation of Parallel Accumulation-Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) on timsTOF instruments, enhancing the detection and analysis of protein interactions by XL-MS. Addressing the challenges in XL-MS, such as the interpretation of complex spectra, low abundant cross-linked peptides, and a data acquisition bias, our current study integrates a peptide-centric approach for the analysis of XL-MS data and presents the foundation for integrating data-independent acquisition (DIA) in XL-MS with a vendor-neutral and open-source platform. A novel workflow is described for processing data-dependent acquisition (DDA) of PASEF-derived information. For this, software by Bruker Daltonics is used, enabling the conversion of these data into a format that is compatible with MeroX and Skyline software tools. Our approach significantly improves the identification of cross-linked products from complex mixtures, allowing the XL-MS community to overcome current analytical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Rojas Echeverri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Hause
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Claudio Iacobucci
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Christian H. Ihling
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Tänzler
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nicholas Shulman
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael Riffle
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brendan X. MacLean
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Center
for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Martin-Luther-University
Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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6
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Vicente JJ, Khan K, Tillinghast G, McFaline-Figueroa JL, Sancak Y, Stella N. The microtubule targeting agent ST-401 triggers cell death in interphase and prevents the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:441. [PMID: 38730481 PMCID: PMC11084142 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are commonly prescribed to treat cancers and predominantly kill cancer cells in mitosis. Significantly, some MTA-treated cancer cells escape death in mitosis, exit mitosis and become malignant polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC). Considering the low number of cancer cells undergoing mitosis in tumor tissues, killing them in interphase may represent a favored antitumor approach. We discovered that ST-401, a mild inhibitor of microtubule (MT) assembly, preferentially kills cancer cells in interphase as opposed to mitosis, a cell death mechanism that avoids the development of PGCC. Single cell RNA sequencing identified mRNA transcripts regulated by ST-401, including mRNAs involved in ribosome and mitochondrial functions. Accordingly, ST-401 induces a transient integrated stress response, reduces energy metabolism, and promotes mitochondria fission. This cell response may underly death in interphase and avoid the development of PGCC. Considering that ST-401 is a brain-penetrant MTA, we validated these results in glioblastoma cell lines and found that ST-401 also reduces energy metabolism and promotes mitochondria fission in GBM sensitive lines. Thus, brain-penetrant mild inhibitors of MT assembly, such as ST-401, that induce death in interphase through a previously unanticipated antitumor mechanism represent a potentially transformative new class of therapeutics for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building G424, 1705 NE Pacific Str., Seattle, WA, 98195-7280, USA.
| | - Kainat Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Health Sciences Center F404A, 1959 NE Pacific Str., Seattle, WA, 98195-7280, USA
| | - Grant Tillinghast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | | | - Yasemin Sancak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Health Sciences Center F404A, 1959 NE Pacific Str., Seattle, WA, 98195-7280, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Health Sciences Center F404A, 1959 NE Pacific Str., Seattle, WA, 98195-7280, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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7
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Arends T, Tsuchida H, Adeyemi RO, Tapscott SJ. DUX4-induced HSATII transcription causes KDM2A/B-PRC1 nuclear foci and impairs DNA damage response. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202303141. [PMID: 38451221 PMCID: PMC10919155 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes regulate developmental gene programs, promote DNA damage repair, and mediate pericentromeric satellite repeat repression. Expression of pericentromeric satellite repeats has been implicated in several cancers and diseases, including facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Here, we show that DUX4-mediated transcription of HSATII regions causes nuclear foci formation of KDM2A/B-PRC1 complexes, resulting in a global loss of PRC1-mediated monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Loss of PRC1-ubiquitin signaling severely impacts DNA damage response. Our data implicate DUX4-activation of HSATII and sequestration of KDM2A/B-PRC1 complexes as a mechanism of regulating epigenetic and DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Arends
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchida
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard O. Adeyemi
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Tapscott
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Hendrickson AS, Francis KL, Kumar A, Le JP, Scarlett JM, Keene CD, Tovar DA, Alonge KM. Assessing translational applicability of perineuronal net dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease across species. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1396101. [PMID: 38745932 PMCID: PMC11091253 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1396101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, the brain's extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a critical regulator for neuronal health and cognitive function. Within the extracellular space, proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan attachments play essential roles in forming, stabilizing, and protecting neural circuits throughout neurodevelopment and adulthood. Recent studies in rodents reveal that chondroitin sulfate-glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) containing perineuronal nets (PNNs) exhibit both structural and compositional differences throughout the brain. While animal studies are illuminating, additional research is required to translate these interregional PNN/CS-GAG variations to human brain tissue. In this perspective article, we first investigate the translational potential for interregional CS-GAG variances across species as novel targets for region-specific therapeutic development. We specifically focus on the observation that alterations in brain PNN-associated CS-GAGs have been linked with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in humans, but these changes have not been fully recapitulated in rodent models of this disease. A second highlight of this perspective article investigates whether AD-associated shifts in CS-GAGs in humans may be dependent on region-specific baseline differences in CS-GAG sulfation patterning. The current findings begin to disentangle the intricate relationships between the interregional differences in brain PNN/CS-GAG matrices across species, while emphasizing the need to better understand the close relationship between dementia and changes in brain CS-GAG sulfation patterns in patients with AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarun S. Hendrickson
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kendra L. Francis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Asmit Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jaden P. Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jarrad M. Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David A. Tovar
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Alonge
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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9
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Kafka JM, Schleimer JP, Toomet O, Chen K, Ellyson A, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Measuring interpersonal firearm violence: natural language processing methods to address limitations in criminal charge data. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024:ocae082. [PMID: 38607336 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Firearm violence constitutes a public health crisis in the United States, but comprehensive data infrastructure is lacking to study this problem. To address this challenge, we used natural language processing (NLP) to classify court record documents from alleged violent crimes as firearm-related or non-firearm-related. MATERIALS AND METHODS We accessed and digitized court records from the state of Washington (n = 1472). Human review established a gold standard label for firearm involvement (yes/no). We developed a key term search and trained supervised machine learning classifiers for this labeling task. Results were evaluated in a held-out test set. RESULTS The decision tree performed best (F1 score: 0.82). The key term list had perfect recall (1.0) and a modest F1 score (0.65). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This case report highlights the accuracy, feasibility, and potential time-saved by using NLP to identify firearm involvement in alleged violent crimes based on digitized narratives from court documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Kafka
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Julia P Schleimer
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ott Toomet
- Information School, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Kaidi Chen
- Information School, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Alice Ellyson
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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10
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Chiam SY, Lee HL, Bedrossian AE, Xu Q, Kuykendall W, Ren A, Hess TA, Ramos V, Chung KH. Retention of titanium copings to implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:340-347. [PMID: 37203989 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of using different cements and titanium copings designs on the retention of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) using a pull-out test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty zirconia (ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) and 20 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin (AvaDent) rectangular (36 mm × 12 mm × 8 mm) specimens were milled to mimic the lower left segmental portion of the All-on-Four IFDPs. Cylindrical titanium copings (Variobase; Straumann) (V) were used in 2 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin groups (n = 10) while conical titanium copings (Straumann) (C) were used as a control group for zirconia with 4 groups using cylindrical titanium copings. Before cementation, the outer surfaces of all titanium copings and the intaglio bonding surface of prosthetic specimens were airborne-particle abraded. All specimens were cemented following the manufacturer's recommendations and instructions according to the experimental design. After artificial aging (5000 cycles of 5°C 55°C, dwelling time 20 s; 150 N, 1.5 Hz in a 37°C water bath), all specimens were subjected to retention force testing using a pull-out test using a universal testing machine and a custom fixture with a crosshead speed 5 mm/min. Modes of failure were classified as Type 1, 2, or 3. Retention force values were analyzed by the t-test for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups, and 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey test for the zirconia groups at α = 0.05. RESULTS Mean and standard deviation retention force values varied from 101.1 ± 67.1 to 509.0 ± 65.2 N for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups. The zirconia groups ranged from 572.8 ± 274.7 to 1416.1 ± 258.0 N. There is no statistically significant difference in retention force values between V and C specimens cementing to zirconia with Panavia SA cement (Kuraray Noritake) (p = 0.587). The retention forces and failure modes were influenced by the cement used (p < 0.05). Modes of failure were predominantly Type 2 (mixed failure) and Type 1 (adhesive fracture from prosthetic materials) except for the quick-set resin group (Type 3, adhesive failure from coping). CONCLUSIONS When bonding IFDPs onto titanium copings, quick-set resin provided significantly higher retention force for prepolymerized denture acrylic resin prostheses. Conical and cylindrical titanium copings performed similarly when cemented to zirconia with Panavia SA cement under the same protocol. The stability of the bonded interface and retention forces between zirconia prostheses and titanium copings varied from the cement used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieu Yien Chiam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hsin Lin Lee
- Department of Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Armand E Bedrossian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qianhui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - William Kuykendall
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Ren
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy A Hess
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Van Ramos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kwok-Hung Chung
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Klabbers RE, Parrish C, Iraguha P, Ntuyenabo MK, Ajidiru S, Nshimiyimana V, Caroline K, Faustin Z, Sveum EM, Muwonge TR, O’Laughlin KN. Characterizing Mobility and its Association with HIV Outcomes in Refugee Settlements in Uganda. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:23. [PMID: 38550610 PMCID: PMC10976981 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of refugee mobility is needed to optimize HIV care in refugee settlements. Objectives We aimed to characterize mobility patterns among people living with HIV in refugee settlements in Uganda and evaluate the association between mobility and retention in HIV care. Methods Refugees and Ugandan nationals accessing HIV services at seven health centers in refugee settlements across Uganda, with access to a phone, were recruited and followed for six months. Participants received an intake survey and monthly phone surveys on mobility and HIV. Clinic visit and viral suppression data were extracted from clinic registers. Mobility and HIV data were presented descriptively, and an alluvial plot was generated characterizing mobility for participants' most recent trip. Bivariate Poisson regression models were used to describe the associations between long-term mobility (≥1 continuous month away in the past year) and demographic characteristics, retention (≥1 clinic visit/6 months) and long-term mobility, and retention and general mobility (during any follow-up month: ≥2 trips, travel outside the district or further, or spending >1-2 weeks (8-14 nights) away). Findings Mobility data were provided by 479 participants. At baseline, 67 participants (14%) were considered long-term mobile. Male sex was associated with an increased probability of long-term mobility (RR 2.02; 95%CI: 1.30-3.14, p < 0.01). In follow-up, 185 participants (60% of respondents) were considered generally mobile. Reasons for travel included obtaining food or supporting farming activities (45% of trips) and work or trade (33% of trips). Retention in HIV care was found for 417 (87%) participants. Long-term mobility was associated with a 14% (RR 0.86; 95%CI: 0.75-0.98) lower likelihood of retention (p = 0.03). Conclusions Refugees and Ugandan nationals accessing HIV care in refugee settlements frequently travel to support their survival needs. Mobility is associated with inferior retention and should be considered in interventions to optimize HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Klabbers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Canada Parrish
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Patient Iraguha
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Scovia Ajidiru
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Kampire Caroline
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zikama Faustin
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elinor M. Sveum
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Kelli N. O’Laughlin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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12
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Mangal S, Niño de Rivera S, Reading Turchioe M, Myers A, Benda N, Goyal P, Dugdale L, Masterson Creber R. Perceptions of patient-reported outcome data access and sharing among patients with heart failure: ethical implications for research. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:145-151. [PMID: 37172035 PMCID: PMC10640657 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the face of growing expectations for data transparency and patient engagement in care, we evaluated preferences for patient-reported outcome (PRO) data access and sharing among patients with heart failure (HF) using an ethical framework. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of patients with HF who participated in a larger 8-week study that involved the collection and return of PROs using a web-based interface. Guided by an ethical framework, patients were asked questions about their preferences for having PRO data returned to them and shared with other groups. Interview transcripts were coded by three study team members using directed content analysis. A total of 22 participants participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were mostly male (73%), White (68%) with a mean age of 72. Themes were grouped into priorities, benefits, and barriers to data access and sharing. Priorities included ensuring anonymity when data are shared, transparency with intentions of data use, and having access to all collected data. Benefits included: using data as a communication prompt to discuss health with clinicians and using data to support self-management. Barriers included: challenges with interpreting returned results, and potential loss of benefits and anonymity when sharing data. CONCLUSION Our interviews with HF patients highlight opportunities for researchers to return and share data through an ethical lens, by ensuring privacy and transparency with intentions of data use, returning collected data in comprehensible formats, and meeting individual expectations for data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mangal
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Annie Myers
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Benda
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia Dugdale
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Jung Y, Luo O, Sen N, Li FM, Hasan RA, Hess AS, Hess JR, Sabath DE, Tsang HC, Pagano MB. The safety of ABO minor incompatible platelets transfusions using a rapid infuser. Transfusion 2024; 64:449-453. [PMID: 38299721 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administering platelets through a rapid infuser is proven to be safe. However, the clinical significance of infusing ABO-incompatible platelets with red blood cells (RBCs) in a rapid infuser remains unclear. There is a theoretical risk that isoagglutinin in the plasma of a platelet unit can interact with RBCs and induce hemolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven in vitro studies were performed including five cases (type A RBCs and type O platelets) and two controls (type A RBCs and platelets). Anti-A titers were measured in platelet units. An RBC unit and a platelet unit were mixed in the rapid infuser reservoir and incubated for 30 min. The primary outcome was the presence of hemolysis based on the following parameters: free hemoglobin concentration, hemolysis check, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and direct agglutination. RESULTS The post-mix DAT was positive for IgG in all test samples (5/5), and weakly positive for complement in 3/5. The changes in free Hb in test cases between measured and calculated post-mix spanned -2.2 to +3.4 mg/dL. Post-mix hemolysis check was negative in 3/5 and slightly positive in 2/5 cases, with no significant differences compared to the control case. Anti-A titers ranged from 16 to 512 and were not associated with hemolysis. All samples were negative for direct agglutination. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that mixing ABO-incompatible platelets with RBCs in a rapid infuser does not induce in vitro hemolysis. These findings support the use of rapid infusers regardless of platelet compatibility in support of hemostatic resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujung Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oscar Luo
- American Red Cross Northern California Coastal Region, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Nina Sen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Flora M Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rida A Hasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron S Hess
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John R Hess
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel E Sabath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hamilton C Tsang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Monica B Pagano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Todd ZR, Wogan NF, Catling DC. Favorable Environments for the Formation of Ferrocyanide, a Potentially Critical Reagent for Origins of Life. ACS Earth Space Chem 2024; 8:221-229. [PMID: 38379837 PMCID: PMC10875668 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyanide and its derivatives play important roles in prebiotic chemistry through a variety of possible mechanisms. In particular, cyanide has been shown to allow for the synthesis of ribonucleotides and amino acids. Although dissolved hydrogen cyanide can be lost as a gas or undergo hydrolysis reactions, cyanide can also potentially be stored and stockpiled as ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)6-4), which is more stable. Furthermore, ferrocyanide aids in some prebiotic synthetic reactions. Here, we investigate the formation rates and yields of ferrocyanide as a function of various environmental parameters, such as the pH, temperature, and concentration. We find that ferrocyanide formation rates and yields are optimal at slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8-9) and moderate temperatures (≈20-30 °C). Given the wide range of possible lake environments likely available on early Earth, our results help to constrain the environmental conditions that would favor cyanide- and ferrocyanide-based prebiotic chemistries. We construct lake box models and find that ferrocyanide may be able to form and reach significant concentrations for prebiotic chemistry on the time scale of years under favorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R. Todd
- Department
of Earth and Space Sciences, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Departments
of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Wogan
- Department
of Earth and Space Sciences, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David C. Catling
- Department
of Earth and Space Sciences, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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15
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Makhsous N, Goya S, Avendaño CC, Rupp J, Kuypers J, Jerome KR, Boeckh M, Waghmare A, Greninger AL. Within-Host Rhinovirus Evolution in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Highlights Capsid Variability and Mutation-Independent Compartmentalization. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:403-412. [PMID: 37486790 PMCID: PMC10873175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infections can progress from the upper (URT) to lower (LRT) respiratory tract in immunocompromised individuals, causing high rates of fatal pneumonia. Little is known about how RV evolves within hosts during infection. METHODS We sequenced RV complete genomes from 12 hematopoietic cell transplant patients with infection for up to 190 days from both URT (nasal wash, NW) and LRT (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL). Metagenomic and amplicon next-generation sequencing were used to track the emergence and evolution of intrahost single nucleotide variants (iSNVs). RESULTS Identical RV intrahost populations in matched NW and BAL specimens indicated no genetic adaptation is required for RV to progress from URT to LRT. Coding iSNVs were 2.3-fold more prevalent in capsid over nonstructural genes. iSNVs modeled were significantly more likely to be found in capsid surface residues, but were not preferentially located in known RV-neutralizing antibody epitopes. Newly emergent, genotype-matched iSNV haplotypes from immunocompromised individuals in 2008-2010 could be detected in Seattle-area community RV sequences in 2020-2021. CONCLUSIONS RV infections in immunocompromised hosts can progress from URT to LRT with no specific evolutionary requirement. Capsid proteins carry the highest variability and emergent mutations can be detected in other, including future, RV sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Makhsous
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stephanie Goya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Carlos C Avendaño
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jason Rupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
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16
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Ndegwa S, Pavlik M, Gallagher ER, King’e M, Bocha M, Mokoh LW, Macharia I, Stringer P, Njuguna I, Wamalwa D, Benki-Nugent S. Hearing Loss Detection and Early Intervention Strategies in Kenya. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:10. [PMID: 38344005 PMCID: PMC10854416 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thirty-four million children globally have disabling hearing loss, with the highest prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early identification and management is crucial, yet barriers to screening and treatment of hearing loss are extensive in LMICs. Unaddressed hearing loss negatively impacts individuals and communities. The WHO's 2021 World Report on Hearing urges the development of Ear and Hearing Care (EHC) programs to improve access to all aspects of care, including screening, diagnostics, management, and developmental support. A joint Nairobi- and Seattle-based group convened in 2021 to discuss strategies for program development in Kenya, as presented in this paper. Findings Developing a national EHC program must include the necessary support services for a child with a diagnosed hearing loss, while simultaneously promoting engagement of family, community, and healthcare workers. Existing government and healthcare system policies and priorities can be leveraged for EHC programming. Strategies for success include strengthening connections between policymakers at national, county, and municipal levels and local champions for the EHC agenda, with a concurrent focus on policy, early detection and intervention, habilitation, and family-centered care. Updates to health policy and funding to support the accessibility of services and equipment should focus on leveraging national healthcare coverage for hearing technologies and services, strengthening referral pathways, training to bolster the workforce, and metrics for monitoring and evaluation. Additional strategies to support forward progress include strategic engagement of partners and leveraging local partners for phased scale-up. Conclusions and Recommendations Recommendations to strengthen EHC within the Kenyan health system include concurrent leverage of existing health policies and priorities, partner engagement, and strengthening referral pathways, monitoring and evaluation, and training. These strategies may be generalized to other countries too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serah Ndegwa
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michelle Pavlik
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily R. Gallagher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maureen King’e
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Manaseh Bocha
- Clinical Services, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Isaac Macharia
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paige Stringer
- Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss, Poulsbo, WA, USA
| | - Irene Njuguna
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dalton Wamalwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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17
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Harris MJ, Murtfeldt R, Wang S, Mordecai EA, West JD. Perceived experts are prevalent and influential within an antivaccine community on Twitter. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae007. [PMID: 38328781 PMCID: PMC10847722 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Perceived experts (i.e. medical professionals and biomedical scientists) are trusted sources of medical information who are especially effective at encouraging vaccine uptake. The role of perceived experts acting as potential antivaccine influencers has not been characterized systematically. We describe the prevalence and importance of antivaccine perceived experts by constructing a coengagement network of 7,720 accounts based on a Twitter data set containing over 4.2 million posts from April 2021. The coengagement network primarily broke into two large communities that differed in their stance toward COVID-19 vaccines, and misinformation was predominantly shared by the antivaccine community. Perceived experts had a sizable presence across the coengagement network, including within the antivaccine community where they were 9.8% of individual, English-language users. Perceived experts within the antivaccine community shared low-quality (misinformation) sources at similar rates and academic sources at higher rates compared to perceived nonexperts in that community. Perceived experts occupied important network positions as central antivaccine users and bridges between the antivaccine and provaccine communities. Using propensity score matching, we found that perceived expertise brought an influence boost, as perceived experts were significantly more likely to receive likes and retweets in both the antivaccine and provaccine communities. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of the influence boost for perceived experts between the two communities. Social media platforms, scientific communications, and biomedical organizations may focus on more systemic interventions to reduce the impact of perceived experts in spreading antivaccine misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J Harris
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan Murtfeldt
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Shufan Wang
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jevin D West
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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18
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Irwin T, Yeung CCS, Shinohara MM. Desmoplakin I/II immunohistochemical staining may be a helpful tool in differentiating cutaneous graft versus host disease from the erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum disorders. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:76-82. [PMID: 37691139 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous graft versus host disease (cGVHD) has substantial clinical and histopathologic overlap with erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This overlap can make it difficult to distinguish these disorders in patients who have received hematopoietic transplants. We sought to evaluate the utility of Dp I/II immunohistochemical stain in differentiating EM/SJS/TEN and cGVHD in a large cohort. Skin biopsy specimens from patients with cGVHD (n = 58) and EM/SJS/TEN (n = 60) were evaluated for Dp I/II expression by immunohistochemistry. We found a statistically significant difference in Dp I/II staining between cGVHD (all grades) and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 1.62 and 2.14, respectively; p < 0.005), as well as between Grades 2 + 3 cGVHD and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 2.26 and 1.62, respectively; p < 0.005), while we did not find a significant difference between Grade 4 cGVHD and EM/SJS/TEN (mean scores 1.69 and 1.62, respectively; p = 0.71). Dp I/II immunostain may be useful for differentiating EM/SJS/TEN from Grade 2 and Grade 3 cGVHD, especially in clinically ambiguous cases without extracutaneous GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cecilia C S Yeung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michi M Shinohara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Popsuj S, Di Gregorio A, Swalla BJ, Stolfi A. Loss of collagen gene expression in the notochord of the tailless tunicate Molgula occulta. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:990-998. [PMID: 37403333 PMCID: PMC10714901 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In tunicates, several species in the Molgulidae family have convergently lost the tailed, swimming larval body plan, including the morphogenesis of the notochord, a major chordate-defining trait. Through the comparison of tailless M. occulta and a close relative, the tailed species M. oculata, we show that notochord-specific expression of the Collagen Type I/II Alpha (Col1/2a) gene appears to have been lost specifically in the tailless species. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the tailed laboratory model tunicate Ciona robusta, we demonstrate that Col1/2a plays a crucial role in the convergent extension of notochord cells during tail elongation. Our results suggest that the expression of Col1/2a in the notochord, although necessary for its morphogenesis in tailed species, is dispensable for tailless species. This loss is likely a result of the accumulation of cis-regulatory mutations in the absence of purifying selective pressure. More importantly, the gene itself is not lost, likely due to its roles in other developmental processes, including during the adult stage. Our study further confirms the Molgulidae as an interesting family in which to study the evolutionary loss of tissue-specific expression of indispensable genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Popsuj
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Anna Di Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Billie J Swalla
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alberto Stolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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20
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Rappleye M, Wait SJ, Lee JD, Siebart JC, Torp L, Smith N, Muster J, Matreyek KA, Fowler DM, Berndt A. Optogenetic Microwell Array Screening System: A High-Throughput Engineering Platform for Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4233-4244. [PMID: 37956352 PMCID: PMC10683761 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) are protein-based optogenetic tools that change their fluorescence intensity when binding specific ligands in cells and tissues. GEFI encoding DNA can be expressed in cell subtypes while monitoring cellular physiological responses. However, engineering GEFIs with physiological sensitivity and pharmacological specificity often requires iterative optimization through trial-and-error mutagenesis while assessing their biophysical function in vitro one by one. Here, the vast mutational landscape of proteins constitutes a significant obstacle that slows GEFI development, particularly for sensors that rely on mammalian host systems for testing. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a multiplexed high-throughput engineering platform called the optogenetic microwell array screening system (Opto-MASS) that functionally tests thousands of GEFI variants in parallel in mammalian cells. Opto-MASS represents the next step for engineering optogenetic tools as it can screen large variant libraries orders of magnitude faster than current methods. We showcase this system by testing over 13,000 dopamine and 21,000 opioid sensor variants. We generated a new dopamine sensor, dMASS1, with a >6-fold signal increase to 100 nM dopamine exposure compared to its parent construct. Our new opioid sensor, μMASS1, has a ∼4.6-fold signal increase over its parent scaffold's response to 500 nM DAMGO. Thus, Opto-MASS can rapidly engineer new sensors while significantly shortening the optimization time for new sensors with distinct biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rappleye
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Sarah J. Wait
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Molecular
Engineering and Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Justin Daho Lee
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Molecular
Engineering and Sciences Institute, University
of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jamison C. Siebart
- The Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lily Torp
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Netta Smith
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jeanot Muster
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Matreyek
- Department
of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Wolstein Research Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Douglas M. Fowler
- Department
of Genome Sciences, Foege
Building S-250, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, United States
| | - Andre Berndt
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute
of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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21
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Fabian KE, Foster KT, Chwastiak L, Turner M, Wagenaar BH. Adapting a transdiagnostic digital mental health intervention for use among immigrant and refugee youth in Seattle: a human-centered design approach. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:867-875. [PMID: 37418614 PMCID: PMC11009687 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital mental health interventions show promise in addressing mental health needs, especially among youth and marginalized communities. This study adapted the World Health Organization -developed STARS (Sustainable Technology for Adolescents to Reduce Stress) digital mental health intervention for use among youth and young adults aged 14-25 from immigrant and refugee communities in Seattle, Washington. Human-centered design methods centered around qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to contextually and culturally adapt the intervention and prioritize the needs and preferences of the intended end user. Intervention prototypes were modified and then presented to the target groups in iterative cycles until saturation was achieved. Qualitative interviews occurred in three iterations of five participants each. Modifications were documented according to the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) implementation science framework. Modifications aligned with the FRAME process elements: (a) tailoring/refining, which included adapting language to less resemble digital phishing scams; (b) changes in packaging or materials, which included naming the chatbot and adopting a corresponding avatar; (c) adding/removing, which included changing existing emojis and adding additional media types including graphics interchange format images, pictures, and voice memos; (d) shortening/condensing, which included shortening the length of individual text sections as well as deleting redundant language; (e) lengthening/extending, which included allowing the user to choose to receive content catered to teenagers or to adults; and (f) loosening structure, including giving users options to skip parts of modules or to engage with additional material. The modified STARS intervention shows promise for engagement with immigrant and refugee youth in Seattle and can be examined for clinical effectiveness. Adaptations increased the relevance of content to the intended end user, expanded options for personalization and customization of the user experience, and utilized language that was age appropriate, engaging, and did not invoke feelings of stigma or distrust. Adaptations of digital mental health interventions should focus on modifications that maximize acceptability and appropriateness to intended audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Fabian
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine T Foster
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Chwastiak
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Turner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Martin BT, Spencer Suarez K, Giuffre A, Edgemon TG, Horowitz V. Factoring in Family: Considerations of Parenthood in the Assessment, Enforcement, and Collection of Legal Financial Obligations (LFOs). Br J Criminol 2023; 63:1574-1590. [PMID: 37986717 PMCID: PMC10657359 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has yet to address how criminal legal system actors take parenthood into account when imposing and enforcing LFOs. Drawing on evidence from 205 semi-structured interviews conducted across four states, this study explores the relationship between monetary punishment and parenthood from the perspectives of court and community corrections professionals. Engaging Kathleen Daly's framework of familial paternalism (1987a, 1987b, 1989a, 1989b), we find that system actors obtain and interpret information about defendant circumstances to (1) consider family complexity, (2) construct deservingness and (3) curb spill-over punishment. Ultimately, we find that system actors consider parental status in relation to LFOs and defendants' ability to pay, though their decisions also hinge on gender and the nature of parental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T Martin
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Western Kentucky University
| | | | - Andrea Giuffre
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, The University of Missouri, St. Louis
| | - Timothy G Edgemon
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Auburn University
| | - Veronica Horowitz
- Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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23
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Jemaà M. Demystification and feasibility of CRISPR technology and gene editing in African laboratories. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060122. [PMID: 37855383 PMCID: PMC10602005 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, or CRISPR, is a powerful molecular biology tool that is enabling high-quality genetic research and engineering. However, for practical reasons, but more specifically because of the lack of training and the rapid development of gene-editing technology, the technique is still not well established in African laboratories. For this reason, a consortium formed by the Institut Pasteur of Tunis and Learn and Win decided to organise an international conference and workshop on CRISPR technology in particular and gene editing in general, focusing on the low-budget model more appropriate to the African context. From 12 to 17 June 2023, more than 200 interdisciplinary researchers and students from the life sciences and more than 20 international speakers and trainers gathered at the Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunisia, for the First African Conference and Workshop on CRISPR to discuss the latest gene editing technologies and discoveries. This Meeting Review describes the scientific event and highlights the main outcomes of both the conferences and the practical sessions. The symposium was a real success and thrives to educate, train and network international and young scientists in the field of gene editing and gene engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jemaà
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Young Tunisian Researchers in Biology (YTRB) Network, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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24
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Gomes KM, Nunn BL, Chappell PD, Jenkins BD. Subcellular proteomics for determining iron-limited remodeling of plastids in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyta). J Phycol 2023; 59:1085-1099. [PMID: 37615442 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are important primary producers in the world's oceans, yet their growth is constrained in large regions by low bioavailable iron (Fe). Low-Fe stress-induced limitation of primary production is due to requirements for Fe in components of essential metabolic pathways including photosynthesis and other chloroplast plastid functions. Studies have shown that under low-Fe stress, diatoms alter plastid-specific processes, including components of electron transport. These physiological changes suggest changes of protein content and in protein abundances within the diatom plastid. While in silico predictions provide putative information on plastid-localized proteins, knowledge of diatom plastid proteins remains limited in comparison to well-studied model photosynthetic organisms. To address this, we employed shotgun proteomics to investigate the proteome of subcellular plastid-enriched fractions from Thalassiosira pseudonana to gain a better understanding of how the plastid proteome is remodeled in response to Fe limitation. Using mass spectrometry-based peptide identification and quantification, we analyzed T. pseudonana grown under Fe-replete and -limiting conditions. Through these analyses, we inferred the relative quantities of each protein, revealing that Fe limitation regulates major metabolic pathways in the plastid, including the Calvin cycle. Additionally, we observed changes in the expression of light-harvesting proteins. In silico localization predictions of proteins identified in this plastid-enriched proteome allowed for an in-depth comparison of theoretical versus observed plastid-localization, providing evidence for the potential of additional protein import pathways into the diatom plastid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer M Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
| | - Brook L Nunn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - P Dreux Chappell
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Florida, St. Petersburg, USA
| | - Bethany D Jenkins
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Narragansett, USA
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25
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Chhonker YS, Aldhafiri WN, Soni D, Trivedi N, Steinbronn C, Johnson C, Karita HCS, Paasche-Orlow MK, Barnabas R, Arnold SL, Murry DJ. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in SARS-CoV-2(-/ +) populations using dried blood spots. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16428. [PMID: 37777555 PMCID: PMC10542348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early in the pandemic, efforts were made to test the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral efficacy of repurposed medications that were already approved and available for other indications, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZI). To reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure for clinical-trial study participants and to conform with lockdowns and social distancing guidelines, biospecimen collection for HCQ and AZI included at-home dried blood spot (DBS) collection rather than standard venipuncture by trained clinicians. In this study, we developed and validated the first sensitive and selective simultaneous LC-MS/MS method to accurately quantitate the concentration of HCQ, HCQ metabolites (Desethylchloroquine [DCQ], Bisdesethylchloroquine [BDCQ], Monodesethylhydroxychloroquine [DHCQ]) and AZI extracted from DBS. The validated method was successfully applied for the quantification of over 2000 DBS specimens to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of AZI, HQC, and its metabolites. This new method has a small sample volume requirement (~ 10 µL), results in high sensitivity (1 ng/mL), and would facilitate remotely conducted therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal S Chhonker
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA.
| | - Wafaa N Aldhafiri
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA
| | - Neerja Trivedi
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA
| | - Claire Steinbronn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Ruanne Barnabas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samuel L Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6025, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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26
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Sedano S, Kronman MP, Whitlock KB, Zhou C, Coffin SE, Hauptman JS, Heller E, Mangano FT, Pollack IF, Schaffzin JK, Thorell E, Warf BC, Simon TD. Associations of Standard Care, Intrathecal Antibiotics, and Antibiotic-Impregnated Catheters With Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection Organisms and Resistance. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:504-512. [PMID: 37681670 PMCID: PMC10848219 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection prevention techniques used during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery include: (1) standard perioperative intravenous antibiotics, (2) intrathecal (IT) antibiotics, (3) antibiotic-impregnated catheter (AIC) shunt tubing, or (4) Both IT and AIC. These techniques have not been assessed against one another for their impact on the infecting organisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study of children with initial CSF shunt placement between January 2007 and December 2012 at 6 US hospitals. Data were collected electronically from the Pediatric Health Information Systems+ (PHIS+) database, and augmented with standardized chart review. Only subjects with positive CSF cultures were included in this study. RESULTS Of 1,723 children whose initial shunt placement occurred during the study period, 196 (11%) developed infection, with 157 (80%) having positive CSF cultures. Of these 157 subjects, 69 (44%) received standard care, 28 (18%) received AIC, 55 (35%) received IT antibiotics, and 5 (3%) received Both at the preceding surgery. The most common organisms involved in monomicrobial infections were Staphylococcus aureus (38, 24%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (36, 23%), and Cutibacterium acnes (6, 4%). Compared with standard care, the other infection prevention techniques were not significantly associated with changes to infecting organisms; AIC was associated with decreased odds of methicillin resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS Because no association was found between infection prevention technique and infecting organisms when compared to standard care, other considerations such as tolerability, availability, and cost should inform decisions about infection prevention during CSF shunt placement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sedano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Kronman
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Chuan Zhou
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan E Coffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason S Hauptman
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan Heller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua K Schaffzin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Thorell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tamara D Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
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27
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Kamin AA, Clayton TD, Otteson CE, Gannon PM, Krajewski S, Kaminsky W, Jasti R, Xiao DJ. Synthesis and metalation of polycatechol nanohoops derived from fluorocycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9724-9732. [PMID: 37736630 PMCID: PMC10510647 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique topology and distinct physical properties, cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are attractive building blocks for new materials synthesis. While both noncovalent interactions and irreversible covalent bonds have been used to link CPP monomers into extended materials, a coordination chemistry approach remains less explored. Here we show that nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be leveraged to rapidly introduce donor groups (-OR, -SR) onto polyfluorinated CPP rings. Demethylation of methoxide-substituted CPPs produces polycatechol nanohoop ligands that are readily metalated to produce well-defined, multimetallic CPP complexes. As catechols are recurring motifs throughout coordination chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, the polycatechol nanohoops reported here open the door to new strategies for the bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise CPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn A Kamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Tara D Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Paige M Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Sebastian Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Dianne J Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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28
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Arnold EA, Kaai RJ, Leung K, Brinkley MR, Kelnhofer-Millevolte LE, Guo MS, Avgousti DC. Adenovirus protein VII binds the A-box of HMGB1 to repress interferon responses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011633. [PMID: 37703278 PMCID: PMC10519595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses hijack host proteins to promote infection and dampen host defenses. Adenovirus encodes the multifunctional protein VII that serves both to compact viral genomes inside the virion and disrupt host chromatin. Protein VII binds the abundant nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and sequesters HMGB1 in chromatin. HMGB1 is an abundant host nuclear protein that can also be released from infected cells as an alarmin to amplify inflammatory responses. By sequestering HMGB1, protein VII prevents its release, thus inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling. However, the consequences of this chromatin sequestration on host transcription are unknown. Here, we employ bacterial two-hybrid interaction assays and human cell culture to interrogate the mechanism of the protein VII-HMGB1 interaction. HMGB1 contains two DNA binding domains, the A- and B-boxes, that bend DNA to promote transcription factor binding while the C-terminal tail regulates this interaction. We demonstrate that protein VII interacts directly with the A-box of HMGB1, an interaction that is inhibited by the HMGB1 C-terminal tail. By cellular fractionation, we show that protein VII renders A-box containing constructs insoluble, thereby acting to prevent their release from cells. This sequestration is not dependent on HMGB1's ability to bind DNA but does require post-translational modifications on protein VII. Importantly, we demonstrate that protein VII inhibits expression of interferon β, in an HMGB1-dependent manner, but does not affect transcription of downstream interferon-stimulated genes. Together, our results demonstrate that protein VII specifically harnesses HMGB1 through its A-box domain to depress the innate immune response and promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robin J. Kaai
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katie Leung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mia R. Brinkley
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Monica S. Guo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daphne C. Avgousti
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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29
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Li Y, Moser C, Aga E, Currier JS, Wohl DA, Daar ES, Ritz J, Greninger AL, Sieg S, Parikh UM, Coombs RW, Hughes MD, Eron JJ, Smith DM, Chew KW, Li JZ. Immune Status and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S111-S116. [PMID: 37650232 PMCID: PMC10469582 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are disproportionately affected by severe coronavirus disease 2019, but immune compromise is heterogenous, and viral dynamics may vary by the degree of immunosuppression. In this study, we categorized ACTIV-2/A5401 participants based on the extent of immunocompromise into none, mild, moderate, and severe immunocompromise. Moderate/severe immunocompromise was associated with higher nasal viral load at enrollment (adjusted difference in means: 0.47 95% confidence interval, .12-.83 log10 copies/mL) and showed a trend toward higher cumulative nasal RNA levels and plasma viremia compared to nonimmunocompromised individuals. Immunosuppression leads to greater viral shedding and altered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral decay kinetics. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlee Moser
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evgenia Aga
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Eric S Daar
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Justin Ritz
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Scott Sieg
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Urvi M Parikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert W Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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30
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Gomez MG, Muchongwe ST, Graddy CMR. Biomediated control of colloidal silica grouting using microbial fermentation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14184. [PMID: 37648736 PMCID: PMC10468516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal silica grouting is a ground improvement technique capable of stabilizing weak problematic soils and achieving large reductions in soil hydraulic conductivities for applications including earthquake-induced liquefaction mitigation and groundwater flow control. In the conventional approach, chemical accelerants are added to colloidal silica suspensions that are introduced into soils targeted for improvement and the formation of a semi-solid silica gel occurs over time at a rate controlled by suspension chemistry and in situ geochemical conditions. Although the process has been extensively investigated, controlling the rate of gel formation in the presence of varying subsurface conditions and the limited ability of conventional methods to effectively monitor the gel formation process has posed practical challenges. In this study, a biomediated soil improvement process is proposed which utilizes enriched fermentative microorganisms to control the gelation of colloidal silica grouts through solution pH reductions and ionic strength increases. Four series of batch experiments were performed to investigate the ability of glucose fermenting microorganisms to be enriched in natural sands to induce geochemical changes capable of mediating silica gel formation and assess the effect of treatment solution composition on pH reduction behaviors. Complementary batch and soil column experiments were subsequently performed to upscale the process and explore the effectiveness of chemical, hydraulic, and geophysical methods to monitor microbial activity, gel formation, and engineering improvements. Results demonstrate that fermentative microorganisms can be successfully enriched and mediate gel formation in suspensions that would otherwise remain highly stable, thereby forgoing the need for chemical accelerants, increasing the reliability and control of colloidal silica grouting, enabling new monitoring approaches, and affording engineering enhancements comparable to conventional colloidal silica grouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Gomez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Samantha T Muchongwe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles M R Graddy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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31
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Kamp KJ, Hawes SE, Tse CS, Singh S, Dang N, Oberai R, Weaver SA, Melmed GY, Siegel CA, van Deen WK. Concordance and Discordance Between Patient-reported Remission, Patient-reported Outcomes, and Physician Global Assessment. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1255-1262. [PMID: 36179129 PMCID: PMC10393067 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements can categorize patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into clinical remission or active disease, patients may have different definitions of remission. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-defined remission to remission based on PRO measures and physician global assessment (PGA) and to understand the clinical and demographic factors associated with disagreements. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 3257 de-identified surveys from 2004 IBD patients who consented to participate in the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation's IBD Qorus Learning Health System between September 2019 and February 2021. We used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to analyze the clinical and demographic factors (eg, age, disease duration, health confidence) associated with discordance between patient-defined remission (yes/no) and PRO-defined remission for ulcerative colitis (UC; PRO2: stool frequency, rectal bleeding) and Crohn's disease (CD; PRO-3: average number of liquid stools, abdominal pain, well-being). RESULTS Among patients with UC, overall concordance was 79% between patient self-report and PRO2-defined remission and 49% between patient self-report and PGA-defined remission. Among patients with CD, overall concordance was 69% between patient self-report and PRO3-defined remission and 54% between patient self-report and PGA-defined remission. Patients in PRO-defined remission were more likely to report active disease if they had IBD <5 years and low health confidence. Patients with PRO-defined active disease were more likely to report remission if they were not using prednisone and had high health confidence. CONCLUSION Discordance exists between how remission is defined by patients, PRO measures, and PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra J Kamp
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Chung Sang Tse
- University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Siddharth Singh
- University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nhu Dang
- Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ridhima Oberai
- Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gil Y Melmed
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Corey A Siegel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Welmoed K van Deen
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kim S, Li H, Jin Y, Armad J, Gu H, Mani S, Cui JY. Maternal PBDE exposure disrupts gut microbiome and promotes hepatic proinflammatory signaling in humanized PXR-transgenic mouse offspring over time. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:209-225. [PMID: 37267213 PMCID: PMC10375318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to the persistent environmental pollutant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is associated with increased diabetes prevalence. The microbial tryptophan metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and lower-grade inflammation and is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) activator. To explore the role of IPA in modifying the PBDE developmental toxicity, we orally exposed humanized PXR-transgenic (hPXR-TG) mouse dams to vehicle, 0.1 mg/kg/day DE-71 (an industrial PBDE mixture), DE-71+IPA (20 mg/kg/day), or IPA, from 4 weeks preconception to the end of lactation. Pups were weaned at 21 days of age and IPA supplementation continued in the corresponding treatment groups. Tissues were collected at various ages until 6 months of age (n = 5 per group). In general, the effect of maternal DE-71 exposure on the gut microbiome of pups was amplified over time. The regulation of hepatic cytokines and prototypical xenobiotic-sensing transcription factor target genes by DE-71 and IPA was age- and sex-dependent, where DE-71-mediated mRNA increased selected cytokines (Il10, Il12p40, Il1β [both sexes], and [males]). The hepatic mRNA of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene Cyp1a2 was increased by maternal DE-71 and DE-71+IPA exposure at postnatal day 21 but intestinal Cyp1a1 was not altered by any of the exposures and ages. Maternal DE-71 exposure persistently increased serum indole, a known AhR ligand, in age- and sex-dependent manner. In conclusion, maternal DE-71 exposure produced a proinflammatory signature along the gut-liver axis, including gut dysbiosis, dysregulated tryptophan microbial metabolism, attenuated PXR signaling, and elevated AhR signaling in postweaned hPXR-TG pups over time, which was partially corrected by IPA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology, and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987-2352, USA
| | - Jasmine Armad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987-2352, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology, and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Julia Y Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Dombrowski JC, Ramchandani MS, Golden MR. Implementation of Low-Barrier Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care: Lessons Learned From the Max Clinic in Seattle. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:252-257. [PMID: 37021670 PMCID: PMC10371304 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-barrier care (LBC) for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a differentiated service delivery strategy to engage people in HIV treatment who are not well-engaged in conventionally organized HIV medical care. The LBC approach is flexible, but experience suggests that the intervention has distinct core components. This review summarizes our experience implementing one model of LBC, the Max Clinic in Seattle; describes the core components of the intervention; and presents a framework for implementing low-barrier HIV care with the goal of providing a practical guide for clinical and public health leaders seeking to implement a new LBC program. A systematic approach to addressing key factors during LBC implementation can support practitioners to design an LBC approach that fits the local context while maintaining essential elements of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Dombrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health–Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meena S Ramchandani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health–Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew R Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health–Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kent BV, Upenieks L, Kanaya AM, Warner ET, Cozier YC, Daviglus ML, Eliassen H, Jang DY, Shields AE. Religion/Spirituality and Prevalent Hypertension among Ethnic Cohorts in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:649-661. [PMID: 37265144 PMCID: PMC10354840 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a significant public health issue, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and South Asians who are at greater risk than whites. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be protective, but this has been identified primarily in whites with limited R/S measures examined (i.e., religious service attendance). PURPOSE To assess hypertension prevalence (HP) in four racial/ethnic groups while incorporating an array of R/S variables, including individual prayer, group prayer, nontheistic daily spiritual experiences, yoga, gratitude, positive religious coping, and negative religious coping. METHODS Data were drawn from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health, a consortium of ethnically diverse U.S. cohorts. The sample included 994 Black women, 838 Hispanic/Latino men and women, 879 South Asian men and women, and 3681 white women. Using a cross-sectional design, prevalence ratios for R/S and hypertension were reported for each cohort, in addition to pooled analyses. Given differences in R/S among men and women, all models were stratified by gender. RESULTS Different patterns of associations were found between women and men. Among women: 1) religious attendance was associated with lower HP among Black and white women; 2) gratitude was linked to lower HP among Hispanic/Latino, South Asian, and white women; 3) individual prayer was associated with higher HP among Hispanic/Latino and white women; 4) yoga was associated with higher HP among South Asian women, and 5) negative religious coping was linked to higher HP among Black women. Among men: significant results were only found among Hispanic/Latino men. Religious attendance and individual prayer were associated with higher HP, while group prayer and negative religious coping were associated with lower HP. CONCLUSION Religion/spirituality is a multifaceted construct that manifests differently by race/ethnicity and gender. Medical practitioners should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to this topic when evaluating prevalent hypertension in diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Victor Kent
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Warner
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Y Jang
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Lybarger K, Bear Don’t Walk OJ, Yetisgen M, Uzuner Ö. Advancements in extracting social determinants of health information from narrative text. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1363-1366. [PMID: 37466054 PMCID: PMC10354776 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lybarger
- Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Oliver J Bear Don’t Walk
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meliha Yetisgen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Özlem Uzuner
- Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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36
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Cox E, Sanchez M, Taylor K, Baxter C, Crary I, Every E, Futa B, Adams Waldorf KM. A Mother's Dilemma: The 5-P Model for Vaccine Decision-Making in Pregnancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1248. [PMID: 37515063 PMCID: PMC10383354 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are a highly vaccine-resistant population and face unique circumstances that complicate vaccine decision-making. Pregnant women are also at increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Several models have been proposed to describe factors informing vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. However, none of these existing models are applicable to the complex decision-making involved with vaccine acceptance during pregnancy. We propose a model for vaccine decision-making in pregnancy that incorporates the following key factors: (1) perceived information sufficiency regarding vaccination risks during pregnancy, (2) harm avoidance to protect the fetus, (3) relationship with a healthcare provider, (4) perceived benefits of vaccination, and (5) perceived disease susceptibility and severity during pregnancy. In addition to these factors, the availability of research on vaccine safety during pregnancy, social determinants of health, structural barriers to vaccine access, prior vaccine acceptance, and trust in the healthcare system play roles in decision-making. As a final step, the pregnant individual must balance the risks and benefits of vaccination for themselves and their fetus, which adds greater complexity to the decision. Our model represents a first step in synthesizing factors informing vaccine decision-making by pregnant women, who represent a highly vaccine-resistant population and who are also at high risk for adverse outcomes for many infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cox
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Magali Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katherine Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Carly Baxter
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Isabelle Crary
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emma Every
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brianne Futa
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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37
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Balasubramaniam B, Topalidou I, Kelley M, Meadows SM, Funk O, Ailion M, Fay DS. Effectors of anterior morphogenesis in C. elegans embryos. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059982. [PMID: 37345480 PMCID: PMC10339035 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis the nascent Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis secretes an apical extracellular matrix (aECM) that serves as an external stabilizer, preventing deformation of the epidermis by mechanical forces exerted during morphogenesis. At present, the factors that contribute to aECM function are mostly unknown, including the aECM components themselves, their posttranslational regulators, and the pathways required for their secretion. Here we showed that two proteins previously linked to aECM function, SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44, colocalize to intracellular and membrane-associated puncta and likely function in a complex. Proteomics experiments also suggested potential roles for SYM-3/FAM102A and SYM-4/WDR44 family proteins in intracellular trafficking. Nonetheless, we found no evidence to support a critical function for SYM-3 or SYM-4 in the apical deposition of two aECM components, NOAH-1 and FBN-1. Moreover, loss of a key splicing regulator of fbn-1, MEC-8/RBPMS2, had surprisingly little effect on the abundance or deposition of FBN-1. Using a focused screening approach, we identified 32 additional proteins that likely contribute to the structure and function of the embryonic aECM. We also characterized morphogenesis defects in embryos lacking mir-51 microRNA family members, which display a similar phenotype to mec-8; sym double mutants. Collectively, these findings add to our knowledge of factors controlling embryonic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boopathi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Irini Topalidou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7350, WA, USA
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Sarina M. Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Owen Funk
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7350, WA, USA
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071-3944, WY, USA
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Rice A, Sather O, Wright KP, Vetter C, Martin MA, de la Iglesia HO. COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions increase the alignment in sleep and light exposure between school days and weekends in university students. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad059. [PMID: 36883614 PMCID: PMC10334482 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Younger adults have a biological disposition to sleep and wake at later times that conflict with early morning obligations like work and school; this conflict leads to inadequate sleep duration and a difference in sleep timing between school days and weekends. The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities and workplaces to shut down in person attendance and implement remote learning and meetings that decreased/removed commute times and gave students more flexibility with their sleep timing. To determine the impact of remote learning on the daily sleep-wake cycle we conducted a natural experiment using wrist actimetry monitors to compare activity patterns and light exposure in three cohorts of students: pre-shutdown in-person learning (2019), during-shutdown remote learning (2020), and post-shutdown in-person learning (2021). Our results show that during-shutdown the difference between school day and weekend sleep onset, duration, and midsleep timing was diminished. For instance, midsleep during school days pre-shutdown occurred 50 min later on weekends (5:14 ± 12 min) than school days (4:24 ± 14 min) but it did not differ under COVID restrictions. Additionally, we found that while the interindividual variance in sleep parameters increased under COVID restrictions the intraindividual variance did not change, indicating that the schedule flexibility did not cause more irregular sleep patterns. In line with our sleep timing results, school day vs. weekend differences in the timing of light exposure present pre- and post-shutdown were absent under COVID restrictions. Our results provide further evidence that increased freedom in class scheduling allows university students to better and consistently align sleep behavior between school days and weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rice
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia Sather
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Circadian and Sleep Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Melanie A Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Moura AJ, Garner AM, Narvaez CA, Cucchiara JP, Stark AY, Russell MP. Hyposalinity reduces coordination and adhesion of sea urchin tube feet. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245750. [PMID: 37326213 PMCID: PMC10323246 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of low-salinity (hyposalinity) events in coastal marine habitats. Sea urchins are dominant herbivores in these habitats and are generally intolerant of salinity fluctuations. Their adhesive tube feet are essential for survival, effecting secure attachment and locomotion in high wave energy habitats, yet little is known about how hyposalinity impacts their function. We exposed green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) to salinities ranging from ambient (32‰) to severe (14‰) and assessed tube feet coordination (righting response, locomotion) and adhesion [disc tenacity (force per unit area)]. Righting response, locomotion and disc tenacity decreased in response to hyposalinity. Severe reductions in coordinated tube foot activities occurred at higher salinities than those that affected adhesion. The results of this study suggest moderate hyposalinities (24-28‰) have little effect on S. droebachiensis dislodgement risk and survival post-dislodgment, while severe hyposalinity (below 24‰) likely reduces movement and prevents recovery from dislodgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Moura
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- Department of Biology and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Austin M. Garner
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- Department of Biology and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Carla A. Narvaez
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Jack P. Cucchiara
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Alyssa Y. Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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40
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Shapiro AE, Gupta A, Lan K, Kim HN. Latent Tuberculosis Screening Cascade for Non-US-Born Persons in a Large Health System. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad303. [PMID: 37426951 PMCID: PMC10323726 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Review of electronic health records revealed substantial drop-off at each stage of the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) care cascade among non-US-born persons in an academic primary care system. Of 5148 persons eligible for LTBI screening, 1012 (20%) had an LTBI test, and 140 (48%) of 296 LTBI-positive persons received LTBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Shapiro
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristine Lan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - H Nina Kim
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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41
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Crockett KB, Schember CO, Bian A, Rebeiro PF, Keruly J, Mayer K, Mathews C, Moore RD, Crane H, Geng E, Napravnik S, Shepherd BE, Mugavero MJ, Turan B, Pettit AC. Relationships Between Patient Race and Residential Race Context With Missed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Visits in the United States, 2010-2015. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:2163-2170. [PMID: 36757336 PMCID: PMC10273374 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial inequities exist in retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and multilevel analyses are needed to contextualize and address these differences. Leveraging data from a multisite clinical cohort of people with HIV (PWH), we assessed the relationships between patient race and residential characteristics with missed HIV care visits. METHODS Medical record and patient-reported outcome (PRO; including mental health and substance-use measures) data were drawn from 7 participating Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) sites including N = 20 807 PWH from January 2010 through December 2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for nesting within individuals and within census tracts in multivariable models assessing the relationship between race and missed HIV care visits, controlling for individual demographic and health characteristics and census tract characteristics. RESULTS Black PWH resided in more disadvantaged census tracts, on average. Black PWH residing in census tracts with higher proportion of Black residents were more likely to miss an HIV care visit. Non-Black PWH were less likely to miss a visit regardless of where they lived. These relationships were attenuated when PRO data were included. CONCLUSIONS Residential racial segregation and disadvantage may create inequities between Black PWH and non-Black PWH in retention in HIV care. Multilevel approaches are needed to retain PWH in HIV care, accounting for community, healthcare setting, and individual needs and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee B Crockett
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cassandra O Schember
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aihua Bian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeanne Keruly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Mathews
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard D Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi Crane
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elvin Geng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bulent Turan
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - April C Pettit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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42
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den Hartigh LJ, May KS, Zhang XS, Chait A, Blaser MJ. Serum amyloid A and metabolic disease: evidence for a critical role in chronic inflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1197432. [PMID: 37396595 PMCID: PMC10311072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1197432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) subtypes 1-3 are well-described acute phase reactants that are elevated in acute inflammatory conditions such as infection, tissue injury, and trauma, while SAA4 is constitutively expressed. SAA subtypes also have been implicated as playing roles in chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and possibly in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Distinctions between the expression kinetics of SAA in acute inflammatory responses and chronic disease states suggest the potential for differentiating SAA functions. Although circulating SAA levels can rise up to 1,000-fold during an acute inflammatory event, elevations are more modest (∼5-fold) in chronic metabolic conditions. The majority of acute-phase SAA derives from the liver, while in chronic inflammatory conditions SAA also derives from adipose tissue, the intestine, and elsewhere. In this review, roles for SAA subtypes in chronic metabolic disease states are contrasted to current knowledge about acute phase SAA. Investigations show distinct differences between SAA expression and function in human and animal models of metabolic disease, as well as sexual dimorphism of SAA subtype responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karolline S. May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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43
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Han Y, Yuan Z, Zhong SL, Xu H, Jiang S. Minimizing the off-target frequency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system via zwitterionic polymer conjugation and peptide fusion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6375-6382. [PMID: 37325144 PMCID: PMC10266473 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc07067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is a powerful genome-editing tool that is widely used in many different applications. However, the high-frequency mutations induced by RNA-guided Cas9 at sites other than the intended on-target sites are a major concern that impedes therapeutic and clinical applications. A deeper analysis shows that most off-target events result from the non-specific mismatch between single guide RNA (sgRNA) and target DNA. Therefore, minimizing the non-specific RNA-DNA interaction can be an effective solution to this issue. Here we provide two novel methods at the protein and mRNA levels to minimize this mismatch issue by chemically conjugating Cas9 with zwitterionic pCB polymers or genetically fusing Cas9 with zwitterionic (EK)n peptides. The zwitterlated or EKylated CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) show reduced off-target DNA editing while maintaining a similar level of on-target gene editing activity. Results show that the off-target efficiency of zwitterlated CRISPR/Cas9 is reduced on average by 70% and can be as high as 90% when compared with naive CRISPR/Cas9 editing. These approaches provide a simple and effective way to streamline the development of genome editing with the potential to accelerate a wide array of biological and therapeutic applications based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Han
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington WA 98195 USA
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Sijin Luo Zhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Haoxian Xu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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44
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Deem JD, Phan BA, Ogimoto K, Cheng A, Bryan CL, Scarlett JM, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Warm Responsive Neurons in the Hypothalamic Preoptic Area are Potent Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad074. [PMID: 37279930 PMCID: PMC10653198 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When mammals are exposed to a warm environment, overheating is prevented by activation of "warm-responsive" neurons (WRNs) in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) that reduce thermogenesis while promoting heat dissipation. Heat exposure also impairs glucose tolerance, but whether this also results from activation of POA WRNs is unknown. To address this question, we sought in the current work to determine if glucose intolerance induced by heat exposure can be attributed to activation of a specific subset of WRNs that express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (ie, POAPacap neurons). We report that when mice are exposed to an ambient temperature sufficiently warm to activate POAPacap neurons, the expected reduction of energy expenditure is associated with glucose intolerance, and that these responses are recapitulated by chemogenetic POAPacap neuron activation. Because heat-induced glucose intolerance was not blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of POAPacap neurons, we conclude that POAPacap neuron activation is sufficient, but not required, to explain the impairment of glucose tolerance elicited by heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Caeley L Bryan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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45
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Song J, Forrest N, Gordon A, Kottyan L, Mittendorf KF, Wei WQ, Ramsey-Goldman R, Walunas T, Kho A. Utilization of electronic health record data to evaluate the association of urban environment with systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:e180-e181. [PMID: 36383166 PMCID: PMC10234196 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Song
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Noah Forrest
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leah Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresa Walunas
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abel Kho
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Beers J, Authement AK, Isoherranen N, Jackson KD. Cytosolic Enzymes Generate Cannabinoid Metabolites 7-Carboxycannabidiol and 11-Nor-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:614-620. [PMID: 37197460 PMCID: PMC10184666 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) undergo extensive oxidative metabolism in the liver. Although cytochromes P450 form the primary, pharmacologically active, hydroxylated metabolites of CBD and THC, less is known about the enzymes that generate the major in vivo circulating metabolites of CBD and THC, 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC, respectively. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the enzymes involved in forming these metabolites. Cofactor dependence experiments with human liver subcellular fractions revealed that 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC formation is largely dependent on cytosolic NAD+-dependent enzymes, with lesser contributions from NADPH-dependent microsomal enzymes. Experiments with chemical inhibitors provided evidence that 7-carboxy-CBD formation is mainly dependent on aldehyde dehydrogenases and 11-carboxy-THC formation is mediated also in part by aldehyde oxidase. This study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzymes in generating major in vivo metabolites of CBD and THC and addresses a knowledge gap in cannabinoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
L. Beers
- Division
of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aurora K. Authement
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington
School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington
School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Klarissa D. Jackson
- Division
of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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47
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Zhang S, Hettige JJ, Li Y, Jian T, Yang W, Yao YC, Zheng R, Lin Z, Tao J, De Yoreo JJ, Baer M, Noy A, Chen CL. Co-Assembly of Carbon Nanotube Porins into Biomimetic Peptoid Membranes. Small 2023; 19:e2206810. [PMID: 36811318 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Robust and cost-effective membrane-based separations are essential to solving many global crises, such as the lack of clean water. Even though the current polymer-based membranes are widely used for separations, their performance and precision can be enhanced by using a biomimetic membrane architecture that consists of highly permeable and selective channels embedded in a universal membrane matrix. Researchers have shown that artificial water and ion channels, such as carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), embedded in lipid membranes can deliver strong separation performance. However, their applications are limited by the relative fragility and low stability of the lipid matrix. In this work, we demonstrate that CNTPs can co-assemble into two dimension (2D) peptoid membrane nanosheets, opening up a way to produce highly programmable synthetic membranes with superior crystallinity and robustness. A combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements to verify the co-assembly of CNTP and peptoids are used and show that it does not disrupt peptoid monomer packing within the membrane. These results provide a new option for designing affordable artificial membranes and highly robust nanoporous solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jeevapani J Hettige
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Tengyue Jian
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Renyu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Zhixing Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Marcel Baer
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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48
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Rico-Guevara A, Hurme KJ, Rubega MA, Cuban D. Nectar feeding beyond the tongue: hummingbirds drink using phase-shifted bill opening, flexible tongue flaps and wringing at the tips. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:306218. [PMID: 37010268 PMCID: PMC10112966 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Hummingbirds are the most speciose group of vertebrate nectarivores and exhibit striking bill variation in association with their floral food sources. To explicitly link comparative feeding biomechanics to hummingbird ecology, deciphering how they move nectar from the tongue to the throat is as important as understanding how this liquid is collected. We employed synced, orthogonally positioned, high-speed cameras to describe the bill movements, and backlight filming to track tongue and nectar displacements intraorally. We reveal that the tongue base plays a central role in fluid handling, and that the bill is neither just a passive vehicle taking the tongue inside the flower nor a static tube for the nectar to flow into the throat. Instead, we show that the bill is actually a dynamic device with an unexpected pattern of opening and closing of its tip and base. We describe three complementary mechanisms: (1) distal wringing: the tongue is wrung out as soon as it is retracted and upon protrusion, near the bill tip where the intraoral capacity is decreased when the bill tips are closed; (2) tongue raking: the nectar filling the intraoral cavity is moved mouthwards by the tongue base, leveraging flexible flaps, upon retraction; (3) basal expansion: as more nectar is released into the oral cavity, the bill base is open (phase-shifted from the tip opening), increasing the intraoral capacity to facilitate nectar flow towards the throat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rico-Guevara
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kristiina J Hurme
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Margaret A Rubega
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - David Cuban
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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49
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Urbina EM, Isom S, Dabelea D, D’Agostino R, Daniels SR, Dolan LM, Imperatore G, Lustigova E, Marcovina S, Mottl A, Pihoker C, Shah AS. Association of Elevated Arterial Stiffness With Cardiac Target Organ Damage and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Young Adults With Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:786-793. [PMID: 36730642 PMCID: PMC10090911 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with diabetes are at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, possibly due to increased arterial stiffness (AS) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We sought to determine whether 1) AS is associated with cardiac target organ damage in young adults with youth-onset diabetes, 2) whether CAN is associated with AS, as one possible etiology for increased AS in this cohort, and 3) whether these relationships differ by type of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (type 1 diabetes [T1D], n = 222; type 2 diabetes [T2D], n = 177; mean age 23 years) had clinical, echocardiographic, AS, and CAN assessed. Linear regression was performed to determine whether AS was associated with cardiac changes and CAN and whether relationships differed by diabetes type. RESULTS AS was significantly associated with cardiac structure (left ventricular mass index, P < 0.0001), systolic function (ejection fraction, P = 0.03) and diastolic function (transmitral peak early [E]/atrial [A] wave velocities ratio, P = 0.008; early [e']/atrial [a'] waves, P = 0.02) after adjustments for CV risk factors. The association between AS and CAN was not significant when other important covariates were added. These relationships were mostly similar in both T1D and T2D. CONCLUSIONS AS is associated with cardiac changes in young adults with diabetes. CAN-induced AS does not appear to be an etiology for cardiac abnormalities in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M. Urbina
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Scott Isom
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz), Aurora, CO
| | - Ralph D’Agostino
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen R. Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz), Aurora, CO
| | - Lawrence M. Dolan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Giuseppina Imperatore
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eva Lustigova
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Amy Mottl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Amy S. Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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50
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Peterman E, Quitevis EJA, Black EC, Horton EC, Aelmore RL, White E, Sagasti A, Rasmussen JP. Zebrafish cutaneous injury models reveal that Langerhans cells engulf axonal debris in adult epidermis. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049911. [PMID: 36876992 PMCID: PMC10110399 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons extend enormous peripheral axons to the skin, where they detect diverse environmental stimuli. Somatosensory peripheral axons are easily damaged due to their small caliber and superficial location. Axonal damage results in Wallerian degeneration, creating vast quantities of cellular debris that phagocytes must remove to maintain organ homeostasis. The cellular mechanisms that ensure efficient clearance of axon debris from stratified adult skin are unknown. Here, we established zebrafish scales as a tractable model to study axon degeneration in the adult epidermis. Using this system, we demonstrated that skin-resident immune cells known as Langerhans cells engulf the majority of axon debris. In contrast to immature skin, adult keratinocytes did not significantly contribute to debris removal, even in animals lacking Langerhans cells. Our study establishes a powerful new model for studying Wallerian degeneration and identifies a new function for Langerhans cells in maintenance of adult skin homeostasis following injury. These findings have important implications for pathologies that trigger somatosensory axon degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Erik C. Black
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emma C. Horton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rune L. Aelmore
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ethan White
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Rasmussen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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