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Larionova R, Byvaltsev K, Kravtsova О, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, Valeeva A, Shuralev E, Mukminov M, Renaudineau Y, Arleevskaya M. SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100154. [PMID: 35434592 PMCID: PMC9005220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and immunological spectrum of acute and post-active COVID-19 syndrome overlaps with criteria used to characterize autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, following SARS-Cov2 infection, the innate immune response is altered with an initial delayed production of interferon type I (IFN-I), while the NF-kappa B and inflammasome pathways are activated. In lung and digestive tissues, an alternative and extrafollicular immune response against SARS-Cov2 takes place with, consequently, an altered humoral and memory T cell response leading to breakdown of tolerance with the emergence of autoantibodies. However, the risk of developing severe COVID-19 among SLE and RA patients did not exceed the general population except in those having pre-existing neutralizing autoantibodies against IFN-I. Treatment discontinuation rather than COVID-19 infection or vaccination increases the risk of developing flares. Last but not least, a limited number of case reports of individuals having developed SLE or RA following COVID-19 infection/vaccination have been reported. Altogether, the SARS-Cov2 pandemic represents an unique opportunity to investigate the dangerous interplay between the immune response against infectious agents and autoimmunity, and to better understand the triggering role of infection as a risk factor in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease development.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- ACPA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoAb
- ANA, antinuclear autoAb
- AutoAb, autoantibodies
- BAFF/BlySS, B-cell-activating factor/B lymphocyte stimulator
- CCL, chemokine ligand
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
- E, envelope
- HEp-2, human epithelioma cell line 2
- IFN-I, interferon type I
- IFNAR, IFN-alpha receptors
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- ISGs, IFN-stimulated genes
- ITP, immune-thrombocytopenic purpura
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Jak, Janus kinase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M, membrane
- MDA-5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein
- MERS-Cov, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
- N, nucleocapsid
- NET, nuclear extracellular traps
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NK, natural killer
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor family
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Risk factors
- SARS-Cov2
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- T cell receptor, TLR
- Toll-like receptor, TMPRSS2
- aPL, antiphospholipid
- mAb, monoclonal Ab
- open reading frame, PACS
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns, pDC
- pattern recognition receptors, RA
- peptidylarginine deiminase 4, PAMPs
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells, PMN
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PRRs
- post-active COVID-19 syndrome, PAD-4
- primary Sjögren's syndrome, SLE
- pyrin domain containing 3, ORF
- reactive oxygen species, rt-PCR
- receptor binding domain, RF
- regulatory T cells, VDJ
- retinoic acid-inducible gene I, ROS
- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, S
- rheumatoid arthritis, RBD
- rheumatoid factor, RIG-I
- severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, SjS
- signal transducer and activator of transcription, TCR
- single-stranded ribonucleic acid, STAT
- spike, SAD
- systemic autoimmune disease, SARS-Cov2
- systemic lupus erythematosus, SSc
- systemic sclerosis, ssRNA
- transmembrane serine protease 2, TNF
- tumor necrosis factor, Treg
- variable, diversity and joining Ig genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - K Byvaltsev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Оlga Kravtsova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Takha
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Petrov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gevorg Kazarian
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Malik Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU Purpan Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Oduro PK, Zheng X, Wei J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu E, Gao X, Du M, Wang Q. The cGAS-STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:50-75. [PMID: 35127372 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling exert essential regulatory function in microbial-and onco-immunology through the induction of cytokines, primarily type I interferons. Recently, the aberrant and deranged signaling of the cGAS-STING axis is closely implicated in multiple sterile inflammatory diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, aortic aneurysm and dissection, obesity, etc. This is because of the massive loads of damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, DNA in extracellular vesicles) liberated from recurrent injury to metabolic cellular organelles and tissues, which are sensed by the pathway. Also, the cGAS-STING pathway crosstalk with essential intracellular homeostasis processes like apoptosis, autophagy, and regulate cellular metabolism. Targeting derailed STING signaling has become necessary for chronic inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, excessive type I interferons signaling impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health remain entirely elusive. In this review, we summarize the intimate connection between the cGAS-STING pathway and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We also discuss some potential small molecule inhibitors for the pathway. This review provides insight to stimulate interest in and support future research into understanding this signaling axis in cardiovascular and metabolic tissues and diseases.
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Key Words
- AA, amino acids
- AAD, aortic aneurysm and dissection
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- CBD, C-binding domain
- CDG, c-di-GMP
- CDNs, cyclic dinucleotides
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- CTT, C-terminal tail
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Cys, cysteine
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DsbA-L, disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HAQ, R71H-G230A-R293Q
- HFD, high-fat diet
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1
- IFN, interferon
- IFN-I, type 1 interferon
- IFNAR, interferon receptors
- IFNIC, interferon-inducible cells
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL, interleukin
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- ISGs, IRF-3-dependent interferon-stimulated genes
- Inflammation
- LBD, ligand-binding pocket
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- MST1, mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1
- Metabolic diseases
- Mitochondria
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NLRP3, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
- NO2-FA, nitro-fatty acids
- NTase, nucleotidyltransferase
- PDE3B/4, phosphodiesterase-3B/4
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPI, protein–protein interface
- Poly: I.C, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAVI, STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- STIM1, stromal interaction molecule 1
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- Ser, serine
- TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- TM, transmembrane
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- TREX1, three prime repair exonuclease 1
- YAP1, Yes-associated protein 1
- cGAMP, 2′,3′-cyclic GMP–AMP
- cGAS
- cGAS, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- hSTING, human stimulator of interferon genes
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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Kim JK, Shin KK, Kim H, Hong YH, Choi W, Kwak YS, Han CK, Hyun SH, Cho JY. Korean Red Ginseng exerts anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting activities in aged mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:717-725. [PMID: 34764726 PMCID: PMC8569327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herb that has several beneficial properties including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy regulatory effects. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. In this report, the underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting effects were investigated in aged mice treated with KRG-water extract (WE) over a long period. METHODS The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and autophagy-promoting activities of KRG-WE were evaluated in kidney, lung, liver, stomach, and colon of aged mice using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis. RESULTS KRG-WE significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-6 in kidney, lung, liver, stomach, and colon of the aged mice. Furthermore, KRG-WE downregulated the expression of transcription factors and their protein levels associated with inflammation in lung and kidney of aged mice. KRG-WE also increased the expression of autophagy-related genes and their protein levels in colon, liver, and stomach. CONCLUSION The results suggest that KRG can suppress inflammatory responses and recover autophagy activity in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Kuk Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeop Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- R&D Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyun Han
- R&D Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- R&D Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Duan H, Liu Y, Gao Z, Huang W. Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting cancer stem cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:55-70. [PMID: 33532180 PMCID: PMC7838023 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation potential. In addition, CSCs have the ability to escape immune surveillance. Thus, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and they are closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. A series of corresponding promising therapeutic strategies based on CSC targeting, such as the targeting of CSC niche, CSC signaling pathways, and CSC mitochondria, are currently under development. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for CSC targeting are increasingly being developed. In this review, we summarize the advances in CSC-targeted DDSs. Furthermore, we highlight the latest developmental trends through the main line of CSC occurrence and development process; some considerations about the rationale, advantages, and limitations of different DDSs for CSC-targeted therapies were discussed.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP binding cassette
- AFN, apoferritin
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- BM-MSCs-derived Exos, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes
- Biomarker
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CL-siSOX2, cationic lipoplex of SOX2 small interfering RNA
- CMP, carbonate-mannose modified PEI
- CQ, chloroquine
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer treatment
- Cellular level
- DCLK1, doublecortin-like kinase 1
- DDSs, drug delivery systems
- DLE, drug loading efficiency
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DQA-PEG2000-DSPE, dequlinium and carboxyl polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery systems
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- EPND, nanodiamond-Epirubicin drug complex
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- GEMP, gemcitabine monophosphate
- GLUT1, glucose ligand to the glucose transporter 1
- Glu, glucose
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HH, Hedgehog
- HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IONP, iron oxide nanoparticle
- LAC, lung adenocarcinoma
- LNCs, lipid nanocapsules
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MB, methylene blue
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MNP, micellar nanoparticle
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Molecular level
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nav, navitoclax
- Niche
- PBAEs, poly(β-aminoester)
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PEG-PCD, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate-graft-dodecanol)
- PEG-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide)
- PEG-b-PLA, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide)
- PLGA, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)
- PTX, paclitaxel
- PU-PEI, polyurethane-short branch-polyethylenimine
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SSCs, somatic stem cells
- Sali-ABA, 4-(aminomethyl) benzaldehyde-modified Sali
- TNBC, triple negative breast cancer
- TPZ, tirapazamine
- Targeting strategies
- cRGD, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp
- iTEP, immune-tolerant, elastin-like polypeptide
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPEG-b-PCC-g-GEM-g-DC-g-CAT, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-cationic ligands)
- ncRNA, non-coding RNAs
- uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Wang XY, Bian JS. Implications of hydrogen sulfide in liver pathophysiology: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. J Adv Res 2020; 27:127-135. [PMID: 33318872 PMCID: PMC7728580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last several decades, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to exert multiple physiological functions in mammal systems. The endogenous production of H2S is primarily mediated by cystathione β-synthase (CBS), cystathione γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes are widely expressed in the liver tissues and regulate hepatic functions by acting on various molecular targets. Aim of Review In the present review, we will highlight the recent advancements in the cellular events triggered by H2S under liver diseases. The therapeutic effects of H2S donors on hepatic diseases will also be discussed. Key Scientific Concepts of Review As a critical regulator of liver functions, H2S is critically involved in the etiology of various liver disorders, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, and liver cancer. Targeting H2S-producing enzymes may be a promising strategy for managing hepatic disorders.
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Key Words
- 3-MP, 3-mercaptopyruvate
- 3-MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- AGTR1, angiotensin II type 1 receptor
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Akt, protein kinase B
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathione β-synthase
- CO, carbon monoxide
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CSE, cystathione γ-lyase
- CX3CR1, chemokine CX3C motif receptor 1
- Cancer
- DAO, D-amino acid oxidase
- DATS, Diallyl trisulfide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- Fibrosis
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- HFD, high fat diet
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- Hydrogen sulfide
- IR, ischemia/reperfusion
- Liver disease
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase 2
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NaHS, sodium hydrosulfide
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PLP, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate
- PPG, propargylglycine
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten
- SAC, S-allyl-cysteine
- SPRC, S-propargyl-cysteine
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Steatosis
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518037, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Research Institute, Suzhou 215000, China
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Lv C, Huang L. Xenobiotic receptors in mediating the effect of sepsis on drug metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:33-41. [PMID: 31993305 PMCID: PMC6977532 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome. The immune response in sepsis is characterized by the activation of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. When sepsis occurs, the expression and activity of many inflammatory cytokines are markedly affected. Xenobiotic receptors are chemical-sensing transcription factors that play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Xenobiotic receptors mediate the functional crosstalk between sepsis and drug metabolism because the inflammatory cytokines released during sepsis can affect the expression and activity of xenobiotic receptors and thus impact the expression and activity of DMEs. Xenobiotic receptors in turn may affect the clinical outcomes of sepsis. This review focuses on the sepsis-induced inflammatory response and xenobiotic receptors such as pregnane X receptor (PXR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), DMEs such as CYP1A, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, and drug transporters such as p-glycoprotein (P-gp), and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRPs) that are affected by sepsis. Understanding the xenobiotic receptor-mediated effect of sepsis on drug metabolism will help to improve the safe use of drugs in sepsis patients and the development of new xenobiotic receptor-based therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Key Words
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- AP-1, adaptor protein 1
- ARNT, AHR nuclear translocator
- CLP, cecum ligation and puncture
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CYPs, cytochrome P450s
- DMEs, drug-metabolizing enzymes
- DREs, dioxin response elements
- Drug metabolism
- Drug transporters
- Drug-metabolizing enzymes
- GC, glucocorticoid
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- GREs, glucocorticoid receptor response elements
- Gsts, phase II glutathione S-transferase
- HSP90, heat shock protein 90
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- IRF7, interferon regulatory factor 7
- Inflammatory cytokines
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Mrp, phase III multidrug-resistant protein
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NR, nuclear receptor
- Oatp2, organic anion transport polypeptide 2
- P-gp, p-glycoprotein
- PAS, Per/ARNT/Sim
- PCN, pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- SRC1, steroid receptor coactivator 1
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- Sepsis
- Sult, sulfonyl transferase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor
- Ugts, UDP-glucuronic transferase
- Xenobiotic receptors
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Itaba N, Noda I, Oka H, Kono Y, Okinaka K, Yokobata T, Okazaki S, Morimoto M, Shiota G. Hepatic cell sheets engineered from human mesenchymal stem cells with a single small molecule compound IC-2 ameliorate acute liver injury in mice. Regen Ther 2018; 9:45-57. [PMID: 30525075 PMCID: PMC6222293 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that transplantation of hepatic cell sheets from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with hexachlorophene, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, ameliorated acute liver injury. In a further previous report, we identified IC-2, a newly synthesized derivative of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor ICG-001, as a potent inducer of hepatic differentiation of BM-MSCs. METHODS We manufactured hepatic cell sheets by engineering from human BM-MSCs using the single small molecule IC-2. The therapeutic potential of IC-2-induced hepatic cell sheets was assessed by transplantation of IC-2- and hexachlorophene-treated hepatic cell sheets using a mouse model of acute liver injury. RESULTS Significant improvement of liver injury was elicited by the IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The expression of complement C3 was enhanced by IC-2, followed by prominent hepatocyte proliferation stimulated through the activation of NF-κB and its downstream molecule STAT-3. Indeed, IC-2 also enhanced the expression of amphiregulin, resulting in the activation of the EGFR pathway and further stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation. As another important therapeutic mechanism, we revealed prominent reduction of oxidative stress mediated through upregulation of the thioredoxin (TRX) system by IC-2-treated hepatic cell sheets. The effects mediated by IC-2-treated sheets were superior compared with those mediated by hexachlorophene-treated sheets. CONCLUSION The single compound IC-2 induced hepatic cell sheets that possess potent regeneration capacity and ameliorate acute liver injury.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- A1AT, α1-antitrypsin
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- AREG, amphiregulin
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute liver failure
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- C3, complement C3
- C4A, complement C4A
- C5aR, complement C5a receptor
- CBP, CREB-binding protein
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CP, ceruloplasmin
- ChREBP, Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
- ChoREs, carbohydrate response elements
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GRX, glutaredoxin
- GSH, glutathione
- HB-EGF, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
- HGFR, hepatocyte growth factor receptor
- Hepatic cell sheets
- IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- LXR, liver X receptor
- Liver regeneration
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PRX, peroxiredoxin
- RBP4, retinol binding protein 4
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT-3, Signal Tranducer and Activator of Transcription 3
- TF, transferrin
- TGFα, transforming growth factor alpha
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TRX, thioredoxin
- TRXR, thioredoxin reductase
- Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitor
- hGAPDH, human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- mActb, mouse actin, beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Itaba
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ikuya Noda
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Okinaka
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokobata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shizuma Okazaki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Research Initiative Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Smith SA, Samokhin AO, Alfadi M, Murphy EC, Rhodes D, Holcombe WML, Kiss-Toth E, Storey RF, Yee SP, Francis SE, Qwarnstrom EE. The IL-1RI Co-Receptor TILRR ( FREM1 Isoform 2) Controls Aberrant Inflammatory Responses and Development of Vascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:398-414. [PMID: 28920098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The IL-1RI co-receptor, TILRR, is a potent amplifier of IL-1–induced responses. Blocking TILRR inhibits IL-1 receptor function and activation of inflammatory genes. TILRR expression is high in atherosclerotic lesions but low in healthy tissue, allowing distinct inhibition at sites of inflammation. Genetic deletion of TILRR and antibody blocking of TILRR function reduce plaque development and progression of atherosclerosis. Lesions exhibit low levels of macrophages and increased levels of smooth muscle cells and collagen, characteristics of stable plaques.
Expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) co-receptor Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator (TILRR) is significantly increased in blood monocytes following myocardial infarction and in the atherosclerotic plaque, whereas levels in healthy tissue are low. TILRR association with IL-1RI at these sites causes aberrant activation of inflammatory genes, which underlie progression of cardiovascular disease. The authors show that genetic deletion of TILRR or antibody blocking of TILRR function reduces development of atherosclerotic plaques. Lesions exhibit decreased levels of monocytes, with increases in collagen and smooth muscle cells, characteristic features of stable plaques. The results suggest that TILRR may constitute a rational target for site- and signal-specific inhibition of vascular disease.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- DK, double knockout
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL, interleukin
- IL-1RI
- IL-1RI, interleukin-1 receptor type I
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IκBα, inhibitor kappa B alpha
- KO, knockout
- LDLR–/–, low-density lipoprotein receptor–/–
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- TILRR
- TILRR, toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- iBALT, inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- interleukin-1 receptor
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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9
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Hayakawa H, Hayakawa M, Tominaga SI. Soluble ST2 suppresses the effect of interleukin-33 on lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:401-407. [PMID: 28955848 PMCID: PMC5600343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in lungs produce interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-33 and may contribute to the development of allergic diseases such as asthma. However, little is known about negative regulators and effective inhibitors controlling ILC2 function. Here, we show that soluble ST2, a member of the IL-1 receptor family, suppresses the effect of IL-33 on lung ILC2 in vitro. Stimulation with IL-33 to naïve ILC2 induced morphological change and promoted cell proliferation. In addition, IL-33 upregulated expression of cell surface molecules including IL-33 receptor and induced production of IL-5 and IL-13, but not IL-4. Pretreatment with soluble ST2 suppressed IL-33-mediated responses of ILC2. The results suggest that soluble ST2 acts as a decoy receptor for IL-33 and protects ILC2 from IL-33 stimulation. Expression of IL-33 receptor in lung ILC2 is upregulated by IL-33 stimulation. Soluble ST2 functions as a decoy receptor for IL-33. Soluble ST2 protects naïve lung ILC2 from stimulation by IL-33.
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Key Words
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester
- Decoy receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FSC, forward scatter
- IL, interleukin
- ILC2, type 2 innate lymphoid cells
- Interleukin-33
- JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinases
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- SSC, side scatter
- Soluble ST2
- Th2, type 2 helper T
- Type 2 innate lymphoid cells
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10
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Sun J, Shigemi H, Tanaka Y, Yamauchi T, Ueda T, Iwasaki H. Tetracyclines downregulate the production of LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines in THP-1 cells via ERK, p38, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:397-404. [PMID: 29124230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that antibiotics such as macrolide, aminoglycoside, and tetracyclines have immunomodulatory effects in addition to essential antibiotic effects. These agents may have important effects on the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production. However, the precise mechanism is unknown. This time, we used Multi Plex to measure the production of cytokines and chemokines following tetracycline treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. The signaling pathways were investigated with Western blotting analysis. Three tetracyclines significantly suppressed the expression of cytokines and chemokines induced by LPS. Minocycline (50 μg/ml), tigecycline (50 μg/ml), or doxycycline (50 μg/ml) were added after treatment with LPS (10 μg/ml). Tumor necrosis factor-α was downregulated to 16%, 14%, and 8%, respectively, after 60 min compared to treatment with LPS without agents. Interleukin-8 was downregulated to 43%, 32%, and 26% at 60 min. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α was downregulated to 23%, 33%, and 16% at 120 min. MIP-1β was downregulated to 21%, 11%, and 2% at 120 min. Concerning about signaling pathways, the mechanisms of the three tetracyclines might not be the same. Although the three tetracyclines showed some differences in the time course, tetracyclines modulated phosphorylation of the NF-κB pathway, p38 and ERK1/2/MAPK pathways, resulting in inhibition of cytokine and chemokine production. In addition, SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. And further, the NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, almost completely suppressed LPS-induced these two cytokines production. Thus, more than one signaling pathway may be involved in tetracyclines downregulation of the expression of LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines in THP-1 cells. And among the three signaling pathways, NF-κB pathway might be the dominant pathway on tetracyclines modification the LPS-induced cytokines production in THP-1 cells. In general, minocycline and doxycycline suppressed the production of cytokines and chemokines in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell lines via mainly the inhibition of phosphorylation of NF-κB pathways. Tigecycline has the same structure as the other tetracyclines, however, it showed the different properties of cytokine modulation in the experimental time course.
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11
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Dong F, Zhou X, Li C, Yan S, Deng X, Cao Z, Li L, Tang B, Allen TD, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin targets VEGFR2 via the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1479-88. [PMID: 25482945 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.955728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-malarial agent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has strong anti-angiogenic activity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this effect of DHA on angiogenesis. We found that DHA shows a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and migration of in HUVECs. DHA specifically down-regulates the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells. Treatment with DHA increases IκB-α protein and blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, DHA directly regulates VEGFR2 promoter activity through p65 binding motif, and decreases the binding activity of p65 and VEGFR2 promoter, suggesting defective NF-κB signaling may underlie the observed effects of DHA on VEGFR2 expression. In the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, DHA could not further repress VEGFR2. Co-treatment with PDTC and DHA produced minimal changes compared to the effects of either drug alone in in vitro angiogenesis assays. Similar findings were found in vivo through a mouse retinal neovascularization model examining the effects of PDTC and DHA. Our data suggested that DHA inhibits angiogenesis largely through repression of the NF-κB pathway. DHA is well tolerated, and therefore may be an ideal candidate to use clinically as an angiogenesis inhibitor for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Dong
- a Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine; Medical Research Center; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital ; Shandong University ; Jinan , Shandong , China
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12
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Cho JY, Kim HY, Kim SK, Park JHY, Lee HJ, Chun HS. β-Caryophyllene attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via modulation of gene expression associated mainly with colon inflammation. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1039-1045. [PMID: 28962446 PMCID: PMC5598479 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the modulatory activity of β-caryophyllene (CA) and gene expression in colitic colon tissues in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced by exposing male BALB/c mice to 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. CA (30 or 300 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day together with DSS. CA administration attenuated the increases in the disease activity index, colon weight/length ratio, inflammation score, and myeloperoxidase activity in DSS-treated mice. Microarray analysis showed that CA administration regulated the expression in colon tissue of inflammation-related genes including those for cytokines and chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl11, Ifitm3, IL-1β, IL-28, Tnfrsf1b, Tnfrsf12a); acute-phase proteins (S100a8, Saa3, Hp); adhesion molecules (Cd14, Cd55, Cd68, Mmp3, Mmp10, Sema6b, Sema7a, Anax13); and signal regulatory proteins induced by DSS. CA significantly suppressed NF-κB activity, which mediates the expression of a different set of genes. These results suggest that CA attenuates DSS-induced colitis, possibly by modulating the expression of genes associated mainly with colon inflammation through inhibition of DSS-induced NF-κB activity.
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Key Words
- CA, β-caryophyllene
- CD, crohn disease
- Cebpb, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein &beta
- Colitis
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dextran sulfate sodium
- Gene expression
- Hp, haptoglobin
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- IκB, inhibitor κB
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- S100a8, S100 calcium binding protein a8
- SAL, sulfasalazine
- Saa3, serum amyloid A3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- β-Caryophyllene (PubChem CID5281515)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Cho
- CKD Research Institute, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero 315-20, Yungin, Kyonggi 446-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Kim
- Nutra R&BT Inc., 371-47 Gasan, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 153-788, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 39, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
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Ding L, Yang L, Wang Z, Huang W. Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:135-44. [PMID: 26579439 PMCID: PMC4629217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are not only digestive surfactants but also important cell signaling molecules, which stimulate several signaling pathways to regulate some important biological processes. The bile-acid-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), plays a pivotal role in regulating bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as in regulating the inflammatory responses, barrier function and prevention of bacterial translocation in the intestinal tract. As expected, FXR is involved in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases of gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the roles of FXR in physiology of the digestive system and the related diseases. Better understanding of the roles of FXR in digestive system will accelerate the development of FXR ligands/modulators for the treatment of digestive system diseases.
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Key Words
- 6-ECDCA, 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid
- AF2, activation domain
- ANGTPL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3
- AOM, azoxymethane
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAAT, bile acid-CoA amino acid N-acetyltransferase
- BACS, bile acid-CoA synthetase
- BAs, bile acids
- BMI, body mass index
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CD, Crohn׳s disease
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CREB, cAMP regulatory element-binding protein
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Colorectal cancer
- DBD, DNA binding domain
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DSS, dextrane sodium sulfate
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FABP6, fatty acid-binding protein subclass 6
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- FGF19, fibroblast growth factor 19
- FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- FXRE, farnesoid X receptor response element
- Farnesoid X receptor
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GLUT2, glucose transporter type 2
- GPBAR, G protein-coupled BA receptor
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gastrointestinal tract
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HNF4α, hepatic nuclear factor 4α
- I-BABP, intestinal bile acid-binding protein
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL-1, interleukin 1
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- KLF11, Krüppel-like factor 11
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- LBD, ligand binding domain
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LRH-1, liver receptor homolog-1
- MCA, muricholicacid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NOD, non-obese diabetic
- NRs, nuclear receptors
- OSTα, organic solute transporter alpha
- OSTβ, organic solute transporter beta
- PEPCK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator protein-1α
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TLCA, taurolithocholic acid
- TNBS, trinitrobenzensulfonic acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factors α
- Type 2 diabetes
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VSG, vertical sleeve gastrectomy
- db/db, diabetic mice
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Niimori-Kita K, Ogino K, Mikami S, Kudoh S, Koizumi D, Kudoh N, Nakamura F, Misumi M, Shimomura T, Hasegawa K, Usui F, Nagahara N, Ito T. Identification of nuclear phosphoproteins as novel tobacco markers in mouse lung tissue following short-term exposure to tobacco smoke. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:746-54. [PMID: 25349779 PMCID: PMC4208089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed nuclear phosphoprotein expression activated by tobacco smoke exposure. 253 phosphoproteins were identified in 1-day and 7-day exposure groups. Of these, 33 were significantly differentially expressed in control and exposed groups. Identified proteins were related to inflammation, response to stress and nicotine. OSF3 and spectrin β chain were identified as candidate tobacco smoke markers.
Smoking is a risk factor for lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of these diseases remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to identify signaling pathways activated by tobacco-smoke exposure, by analyzing nuclear phosphoprotein expression using phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from mice exposed to tobacco smoke. Sixteen mice were exposed to tobacco smoke for 1 or 7 days, and the expression of phosphorylated peptides was analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 253 phosphoproteins were identified, including FACT complex subunit SPT16 in the 1-day exposure group, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18 (K18), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, in the 7-day exposure group, and peroxiredoxin-1 (OSF3) and spectrin β chain brain 1 (SPTBN1), in both groups. Semi-quantitative analysis of the identified phosphoproteins revealed that 33 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the control and exposed groups. The identified phosphoproteins were classified according to their biological functions. We found that the identified proteins were related to inflammation, regeneration, repair, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and response to stress and nicotine. In conclusion, we identified proteins, including OSF3 and SPTBN1, as candidate tobacco smoke-exposure markers; our results provide insights into the mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced diseases.
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Key Words
- 60s-RP, 60s ribosomal protein L10E
- AFABP, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- CRP1, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
- ERK(1/2), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2
- FACTp140, FACT complex subunit SPT16
- HIP1, Huntingtin-interacting protein 1
- IL, interleukin
- JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
- Jak2, tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2
- K18, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18
- K8, keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 8
- LIM, LIM/homeobox protein
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nuclear phosphoprotein
- OSF3, peroxiredoxin-1
- PKC-α, protein kinase C-α
- PRP19, pre-mRNA-processing factor 19
- Phosphoproteomic analysis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPTBN1, spectrin β chain brain 1
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Signaling pathways
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β
- TIM, mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- TRAP1, heat shock protein 75 kDa
- Tobacco smoke exposure
- p100, serine protease P100
- pSTAT3-Tyr705, phosphorylated STAT3
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Niimori-Kita
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ogino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mikami
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daikai Koizumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Misumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Shimomura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Usui
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagahara
- Isotope Research Center, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Ichwan SJA, Soundharrajan I, Govindan N. Nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents for colon cancer: a review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:173-81. [PMID: 26579381 PMCID: PMC4629076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer, affecting both men and women. The modern diet and lifestyles, with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide. As a result, there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer. Currently, nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer׳s disease. Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants, marine organisms, vegetables and fruits. Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression. These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development. Accordingly, this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- ACC, acetyl CoA carboxylase
- ACF, aberrant crypt foci
- ACL, ATP-citrate lyase
- ASTX, astaxanthin
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- Colon cancer
- DHA, decahexaenoic acid
- DMH, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
- DR, death receptor
- EGCG, epigallocatechingallate
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- GADD, growth arrest and DNA damage
- HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metallo-proteins
- Marine organisms
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nutraceuticals
- PRAP, prolactin receptor associated protein
- Plant derivatives
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand
- Therapeutics
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M. Yusoff
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Gaanty Pragas Maniam
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 441706, South Korea
| | - Natanamurugaraj Govindan
- Mammalian Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Oliveira-Marques V, Silva T, Cunha F, Covas G, Marinho HS, Antunes F, Cyrne L. A quantitative study of the cell-type specific modulation of c-Rel by hydrogen peroxide and TNF-α. Redox Biol 2013; 1:347-52. [PMID: 24024170 PMCID: PMC3757704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at moderate steady-state concentrations synergizes with TNF-α, leading to increased nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 subunit and to a cell-type specific up-regulation of a limited number of NF-κB-dependent genes. Here, we address how H2O2 achieves this molecular specificity. HeLa and MCF-7 cells were exposed to steady-state H2O2 and/or TNF-α and levels of c-Rel, p65, IκB-α, IκB-β and IκB-ε were determined. For an extracellular concentration of 25 µM H2O2, the intracellular H2O2 concentration is 3.7 µM and 12.5 µM for respectively HeLa and MCF-7 cells. The higher cytosolic H2O2 concentration present in MCF-7 cells may be a contributing factor for the higher activation of NF-κB caused by H2O2 in this cell line, when compared to HeLa cells. In both cells lines, H2O2 precludes the recovery of TNF-α-dependent IκB-α degradation, which may explain the observed synergism between H2O2 and TNF-α concerning p65 nuclear translocation. In MCF-7 cells, H2O2, in the presence of TNF-α, tripled the induction of c-Rel triggered either by TNF-α or H2O2. Conversely, in HeLa cells, H2O2 had a small antagonistic effect on TNF-α-induced c-Rel nuclear levels, concomitantly with a 50 % induction of IκB-ε, the preferential inhibitor protein of c-Rel dimers. The 6-fold higher c-Rel/IκB-ε ratio found in MCF-7 cells when compared with HeLa cells, may be a contributing factor for the cell-type dependent modulation of c-Rel by H2O2. Our results suggest that H2O2 might have an important cell-type specific role in the regulation of c-Rel-dependent processes, e.g. cancer or wound healing. Selective modulation of individual NF-κB-dependent genes expression by H2O2. In MCF-7 cells H2O2 tripled the TNF-α 4-fold induction of c-Rel nuclear levels. In HeLa cells, H2O2 had an antagonistic effect on TNF-α induced c-Rel translocation. c-Rel dimers bind chiefly to IκB-α/IκB-ε in MCF-7 cells and to IκB-ε in HeLa cells.
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Key Words
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- H2O2 gradient
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HeLa cells
- Inflammation
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α of NF-κB
- IκB-β, inhibitory protein β of NF-κB
- IκB-ε, inhibitory protein ε of NF-κB
- MCF-7 cells
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Steady-state
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Biologia Redox, Centro de Química e Bioquímica and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ghonem N, Yoshida J, Murase N, Strom SC, Venkataramanan R. Treprostinil Improves Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity during Rat Liver Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2012; 2:323-32. [PMID: 25755454 PMCID: PMC3940493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity is an important indicator of liver graft function. CYP450 activity is altered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Treprostinil, an FDA-approved prostacyclin analog, ameliorated cold I/R injury during rat OLT. We hypothesized that treprostinil would improve CYP450 activity in liver graft during cold I/R injury post-OLT. METHODS OLT was performed in syngeneic male Lewis rats with 18 h graft preservation in cold UW solution. Donor and recipients received treprostinil (100 ng/kg/min) or matching placebo for 24 h before and up to 48 h post-OLT. Liver graft mRNA and protein expression of CYP450 isoforms were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The formation rates of 1-hydroxymidazolam and 6β-hydroxytestosterone, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, 2α- and 16α-hydroxytestosterone in liver graft microsomes served as markers for CYP3A, CYP2E1, and CYP2C11 activity, respectively, and were measured by LC-MS. RESULTS Treprostinil significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels at 6-48 h after OLT, compared to placebo. The expressions of TNFα and IFNγ mRNA in the liver graft were significantly inhibited in the treprostinil-treated group at 1 h post-reperfusion. Treprostinil restored CYP2E1 protein expression to that of normal liver and significantly improved CYP3A activity to more than two-fold of placebo early post-OLT. CONCLUSIONS Treprostinil significantly ameliorated hepatic injury, reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved CYP450 activity in liver graft early post-OLT. These findings suggest that treprostinil has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option to protect liver graft function against I/R injury during clinical OLT.
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Key Words
- 1-OH MDZ, 1-hydroxymidazolam
- 16α-OH TST, 16α-hydroxytestosterone
- 2α-OH TST, 2α-hydroxytestosterone
- 6-OH CZN, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone
- 6β-OH TST, 6β-hydroxytestosterone
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, area under the time-concentration curves
- CYP450, cytochrome P450
- CZN, chlorzoxazone
- HPLC-mass spectrometry
- I/R, ischemia-reperfusion
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL, interleukin
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury
- MDZ, midazolam
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NL, normal liver
- OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation
- PG, prostaglandin
- PGI2, prostacyclin
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TST, testosterone
- UW, University of Wisconsin
- cytokines
- drug metabolism
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- prostacyclin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisanne Ghonem
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address for correspondence: Nisanne Ghonem, Yale University School of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Section, TAC S230, USA. Tel.: +1 203 785 3150; fax: +1 203 785 7273.
| | - Junichi Yoshida
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Noriko Murase
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Professor, Cellular Transplantation, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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