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Petre IM, Nobari H, Boscoianu M, Pelin B, Ionescu A, Prieto González P, Oliveira R, Oancea B. Differences in knee flexor and extensor force and kinematic variables in rural versus urban area female students in Romania. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1152119. [PMID: 38764860 PMCID: PMC11099611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify and explain the typical differences in low-intensity high-volume resistance training (LIHV-RT) performances for major muscle groups between rural versus urban young female students to establish the relevant set of quantitative and qualitative resistance training parameters. The study sample included 46 recreational active female students at the Transilvania University of Brașov, (mean ± SD age, 20 ± 1 year; body mass, 60 ± 3 kg; height, 160 ± 4 cm) grouped urban vs. rural. The study used modified resistance exercise machines for the hamstring- and quadricep-group muscles, equipped with a dynamometer and sensors for identifying developed forces and accelerations. A number of 368 tests were performed, representing two attempts for each subject, for knee flexion and knee extension exercises, with two different loads. For the performance analysis some variables were considered: the maximum number of repetition until failure, maximum force developed, maximum acceleration, the duration of the set and the mean time per repetition. The maximum number of repetition to failure shows a significant higher value for rural than urban in case of knee flexion (d = 0.98 [0.32, 1.54] for load 1(L1) and d = 0.65 [0.03, 1.21] for load 2(L2)) and in case of knee extension (d = 1.89 [1.11, 2.48] for L1 and d = 1.67 [0.92, 2.25] for L2). The total duration of the sets shows a significant higher value for rural than urban in case of knee flexion (d = 0.84 [0.19, 1.39] for L2) and in case of knee extension (d = 1.46 [0.74, 2.03] for L1 and d = 1.56 [0.98, 2.14] for L2). Additionally we found differences in the quality of the relevant repetitions execution and in the impulse developed during the LIHV- MNRF sets. The study's main finding was that there are differences in LIHV-RT performances knee flexion and knee extension antagonistic exercises, between rural and urban female students. We concluded that the obtained results allow teachers to understand the optimal design of RT programs for the different groups of participants, in order to adapt their teaching techniques so that their final objectives are achieved, insisting on particular aspects of the theoretical or practical contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mădălina Petre
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Motric Performance, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mircea Boscoianu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pelin
- Department of Motric Performance, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Anca Ionescu
- Department of Motric Performance, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Pablo Prieto González
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bogdan Oancea
- Department of Motric Performance, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Lv W, Wang T, Wang Q, Yap KK, Song F, Wang C. Tribological and Mechanochemical Properties of Nanoparticle-Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites under Different Loads. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:894. [PMID: 38611152 PMCID: PMC11013283 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
For the tribological properties of nanoparticle-modified PTFE, a more comprehensive study has been conducted, but there is still some room for research on tribology behavior, tribofilm formation and structure evolution of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with α-Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles during sliding against steel counterparts under different loads. At the same time, it establishes the linkage and mechanism between the maintenance of mechanical strength and the tribological application of polymers in service and provides corresponding scientific data and theoretical guidance for the long-lasting application of polymer lubrication materials. It is found that both composites exhibit good wear resistance across the pressure of 1 MPa to 10 MPa, with the α-Al2O3/PTFE composite demonstrating better performance stability compared to the SiO2/PTFE composite. The high wear resistance is attributed to the formation of tribofilms at the friction interface. For the α-Al2O3/PTFE, an island-like tribofilm is formed with a thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm, while the tribofilm of the SiO2/PTFE composite is thinner, measuring approximately 50 to 100 nm, and manifests a striped pattern. The chemical composition, both at the surface and subsurface levels, as well as the morphology of the tribofilms, were studied using FTIR spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and FIB-TEM. It is found that the difference in thickness and microstructure of the tribofilms for the two composites is mainly due to the tribochemistry of the nanoparticles. The α-Al2O3 nanoparticle plays a "cohesion" role during the formation of the tribofilm, which facilitates the formation of a thicker, more uniform, and stronger adhered tribofilm on the metallic counterpart, making it more robust against higher shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
- Center of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
- Center of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
- Center of Materials Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kian Kun Yap
- Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Fuzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
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Branquinho L, de França E, Teixeira JE, Titton A, Leite de Barros LF, Campos P, Marinho DA, Forte P, Caperuto EC, Thomatieli dos Santos RV, Ferraz R. Identifying the ideal weekly training load for in-game performance in an elite Brazilian soccer team. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1341791. [PMID: 38505708 PMCID: PMC10948442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1341791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ideal training load to be applied during periods of fixture congestion to ensure an adequate dose-response effect for performance maintenance. Methods: Match performance data and corresponding pre-match training load sessions (both N = 498 match performance cases and training-block session cases) were collected (with the catapult system, VECTOR7) from 36 male professional soccer players (23.5 ± 5.2 years; 178 ± 4 cm; 75.5 ± 6.0 kg) belonging to the Brazilian First Division team during the 2022 season. The following data were collected in match and training sessions: jump, acceleration, deceleration, and change of direction (COD); running distance producing metabolic power at different intensities (>20, >20-35, >35-45, >45-55, and >55 W kg-1), total distance (m), relative distance (m/min), running distance at different speeds (>20, >25, and >30 km/h), number of sprints (running >25 km/h), and maximum speed (km/h). Mixed linear model (MLM), decision tree regression (DTR), and cluster K means model (SPSS v.26) approach were performed to identify the most critical variables (and their respective load) in the training sessions that could explain the athlete's match performance. Results: MLM and DTR regression show that training load significantly affects game performance in a specific way. According to the present data, an interference phenomenon can occur when a high load of two different skills (running in a straight line vs COD, deceleration, and jumping) is applied in the same training block of the week. The cluster approach, followed by a chi-squared test, identified significant associations between training load and athlete match performance in a dose-dependent manner. Discussion: The high load values described here have a beneficial effect on match performance, despite the interference between stimuli discussed above. We present a positive training load from a congested season from the Brazilian First Division team. The study suggests that an interference effect occurs when high physical training loads are applied to different specific physical skills throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Branquinho
- Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
- CI-ISCE–ISCE Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elias de França
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E. Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- Sport Sciences and Physical Education Department, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Sport Department, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- CI-ISCE–ISCE Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- Sport Sciences and Physical Education Department, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Sport Department, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
- LiveWell—Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Dinges GF, Zyhowski WP, Lucci A, Friend J, Szczecinski NS. Mechanical modeling of mechanosensitive insect strain sensors as a tool to investigate exoskeletal interfaces. Bioinspir Biomim 2024; 19:026012. [PMID: 38211340 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad1db9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
During walking, sensory information is measured and monitored by sensory organs that can be found on and within various limb segments. Strain can be monitored by insect load sensors, campaniform sensilla (CS), which have components embedded within the exoskeleton. CS vary in eccentricity, size, and orientation, which can affect their sensitivity to specific strains. Directly investigating the mechanical interfaces that these sensors utilize to encode changes in load bears various obstacles, such as modeling of viscoelastic properties. To circumvent the difficulties of modeling and performing biological experiments in small insects, we developed 3-dimensional printed resin models based on high-resolution imaging of CS. Through the utilization of strain gauges and a motorized tensile tester, physiologically plausible strain can be mimicked while investigating the compression and tension forces that CS experience; here, this was performed for a field of femoral CS inDrosophila melanogaster. Different loading scenarios differentially affected CS compression and the likely neuronal activity of these sensors and elucidate population coding of stresses acting on the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa F Dinges
- Neuro-Mechanical Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - William P Zyhowski
- Neuro-Mechanical Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Lucci
- Lane Innovation Hub, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jordan Friend
- Lane Innovation Hub, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S Szczecinski
- Neuro-Mechanical Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
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Sahoo NR, Sahany SK, Pandey V, Das AC, Choudhury P, Panda S, Sahoo R. Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Implant Tilting and the Direction of Loading on the Displacement and Micromotion of Immediately Loaded Implants. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S924-S926. [PMID: 38595403 PMCID: PMC11000944 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1103_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the outcome of the loading direction and implant tilting on the micromotion and displacement of immediately placed implants with finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Method Eight blocks of synthetic bone were created. Eight screw-type implants were inserted, four axially and four slanted, each measuring 11 mm in length and 4.5 mm in diameter. The axial implants and the tilted implants were distally inclined by 30°. The top of the abutment was subjected to 180 N vertical and mesiodistal oblique (45° angle) loads, and the displacement of the abutment was measured. The abutment displacement and micromotion were estimated, and nonlinear finite element models simulating the in vitro experiment were built. In vitro studies and FEA data on abutment displacement were compared, and the reliability of the finite element model was assessed. Result Under oblique stress, abutment displacement was larger than under axial loading, and it was also greater for tilted implants than for axial implants. The consistency of the in vitro and FEA data was satisfactory. Under vertical stress, the highest micromotion values in the axial and tilted implants were extremely near. Conclusion Under mesiodistal oblique stress, tilted implants may have a smaller maximum amount of micromotion than axial implants. The loading direction had a significant impact on the highest micromotion values. The abutment displacement values were not reflected in the maximum micromotion measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahany
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Surgery, M.K.C.G. Medical College & Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha, India
| | - Vijayendra Pandey
- Professor and HOD, Department of Dentistry, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhaya Chandra Das
- Professor, Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Purobi Choudhury
- Professor Department of Dentistry, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Attached faculty of Government Dental College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Department of Periodontics, SrimantaSankardeva University of Health Science’s, Assam, India
| | - Saurav Panda
- Professor, Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rashmita Sahoo
- Tutor, Dept of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Rathod T, Durgabhavani G, Tirupathi P, Parveen N, Paramesh Y, Dharavattu P. Assessment of Stress Distribution with 3 Taper Design Preparation of Root Canal Using Finite Element Analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S112-S114. [PMID: 38595541 PMCID: PMC11000980 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_397_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Present research was done to assess stress distribution in three different taper design preparation of root canal with the help of finite element analysis. Materials and Methods Lower incisors teeth having single canals that were cleaned and shaped with the help of NeoEndo Flex Titanium (NiTi) rotary file and later three designs were created such as 4%, 6%, and 8% canal preparation taper. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was done for all teeth and subjected to finite element analysis for stresses. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results Highest stress was found in the coronal followed by the middle and least in the apical part in all three designs. The highest stress value was found in enamel than dentin (MPa). The highest stress value was found with design 3 (8% taper) followed by designs 2 (6% taper) and 1 (4% taper) for enamel and dentin with either oblique or vertical stress loading. Conclusion All canals preparation exhibited maximum enamel stress at the coronal load points compared to apical and middle portions. The stress increases with increase in canal tapering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasree Rathod
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G. Durgabhavani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pudu Tirupathi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nusrath Parveen
- Consultant Endodontist, Jubleehils, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yelloji Paramesh
- Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Dharavattu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gitam Dental College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Koshino Y, Ishida T, Taniguchi S, Samukawa M, Kasahara S, Tohyama H. Hip and knee kinematics, center of pressure position, and ground reaction force are associated with Achilles tendon force during jump landing. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14510. [PMID: 37787026 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Jump-landing exercises are often performed during the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon (AT) injuries. However, the factors that affect the AT force (ATF) during landing are unclear. This study aimed to determine the kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) variables associated with the peak ATF during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). METHODS The landing phase of DVJ was evaluated in 101 healthy participants (46 males, age: 21.2 ± 1.4 years old) using a three-dimensional motion analysis system with two force plates. ATF was estimated from the ankle flexion angle and moment. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed with the peak ATF as the dependent variable. The vertical GRF (VGRF), center of pressure (COP), forward trunk leaning, hip/knee/ankle joint angles at peak ATF, and sex were used as independent variables. RESULTS In the univariate regression analysis, larger VGRF (β = 0.813), more anterior COP position (β = 0.214), smaller knee flexion (β = -0.251) and adduction (β = -0.252), smaller hip flexion (β = -0.407), smaller forward trunk lean (β = -0.492), and male sex (β = -0.282) were significantly associated with a larger peak ATF. Multivariate analysis revealed that larger VGRF (β = 1.018), more anterior COP position (β = 0.320), a larger knee (β = 0.442), and smaller hip flexion (β = -0.205) were associated with the larger peak ATF. CONCLUSIONS The VGRF, COP position, and knee and hip flexion were independently associated with ATF. Modifying these factors may be useful in managing tendon loading during jump-landing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koshino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Shi C, Rothrock L. Investigating the effects of age, task load, task complexity, and input device on monitoring performance for smart manufacturing in the oil refining industry. Ergonomics 2024; 67:102-110. [PMID: 37083694 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2206071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human beings play an important role in a smart manufacturing economy. In this study, we explored the effects of age, task load, task complexity, and input device on abnormal event detection performance in an oil refinery control room task. Thirty participants were recruited to complete a process plant monitoring task in which they were asked to continuously monitor the gauge states, and immediately detect and solve the abnormal events. Participants' accuracy in detecting abnormal states was recorded and analysed during the task. We found that the complexity factor affected accuracy significantly, and younger adults had significantly higher accuracy than older adults in high task load trials. No significant effect was found for the input device factor. These findings suggest that age, task load, and task complexity should be taken into consideration when designing tools to improve older operators' performance.Practitioner summary: The smart manufacturing economy elicits higher requirements for older operators in oil refinery monitoring tasks. Under high task load, older adults had lower accuracy in detecting abnormal conditions than younger adults. The task complexity affected participants' accuracy in detecting abnormal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- The Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Ling Rothrock
- The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Starling LT, Tucker R, Quarrie K, Schmidt J, Hassanein O, Smith C, Flahive S, Morris C, Lancaster S, Mellalieu S, Curran O, Gill N, Clarke W, Davies P, Harrington M, Falvey E. The World Rugby and International Rugby Players Contact Load Guidelines: From conception to implementation and the future. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 35:v35i1a16376. [PMID: 38249755 PMCID: PMC10798596 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing training load in rugby union is crucial for optimising performance and injury prevention. Contact training warrants attention because of higher overall injury and head impact risk, yet players must develop physical, technical, and mental skills to withstand the demands of the game. To help coaches manage contact loads in professional rugby, World Rugby and International Rugby Players convened an expert working group. They conducted a global survey with players to develop contact load guidelines. This commentary aims to describe the contact load guidelines and their implementation, and identify areas where future work is needed to support their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- LT Starling
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath,
UK
| | - R Tucker
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, University of Stellenbosch,
South Africa
| | - K Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - J Schmidt
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - O Hassanein
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Smith
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - S Flahive
- International Rugby Players, Clonskeagh, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - C Morris
- C J Morris Consulting Ltd, Cheshire,
UK
| | | | - S Mellalieu
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - O Curran
- Irish Rugby Football Union, High Performance Centre, National Sports Campus, Dublin 15,
Ireland
| | - N Gill
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
- University of Waikato, Tauranga,
New Zealand
| | - W Clarke
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington,
New Zealand
| | - P Davies
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - M Harrington
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - E Falvey
- World Rugby House, Pembroke Street Lower, Dublin,
Ireland
- College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork,
Ireland
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10
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Stievano S, Roesch F, Prommersberger KJ, Fuhrmann R, Mühldorfer-Fodor M. Load analysis of hands and feet while using different types of crutches with various leg's weight bearing. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2638-2647. [PMID: 37151126 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to define the load on hands using various commonly used types of crutches while walking with a full load on both legs (FL), with 20 kg partial load (PL), or with the left leg wholly unloaded (UL). Twenty-six healthy subjects used crutches with ergonomic handles, with anatomic handles (wider and softer bearing surface), and arthritis crutches (horizontal supporting area for the forearm). Sensor mats between hand and handles continuously measured the load transmitted, while sensor soles in the shoes recorded the ground reaction forces simultaneously. The load on the palm and separately the radial and ulnar halves of the palm were analyzed. With arthritis crutches, significantly lower load was transferred to the hands compared to forearm crutches (FL 3% vs. 25% of body weight, PL 8% vs. 87%, UL 12% vs. 103%). The load on hands increased significantly from FL to PL and UL for both types of crutches. The ipsilateral left hand had to bear significantly more load than the right hand. However, the feet's time-ground reaction curves showed more irregularities, and PL on the left leg was significantly higher with arthritis crutches. Anatomic handles reduced the load on the ulnar half of the palm (FL 3% vs. 5%, PL 13% vs. 18%, UL 17% vs. 23%); the radial half of the palm had a similar load to bear with both types of handles (11/11%, 31/32%, 34/35%). Arthritis crutches allow unburdening hands at the expense of gait stability. Anatomic handles reduce the load on the Guyon's canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stievano
- Klinik für Handchirurgie, Rhön-Klinikum Campus, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
| | - Friederike Roesch
- Klinik für Handchirurgie, Rhön-Klinikum Campus, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
| | | | - Renee Fuhrmann
- Klinik für Fuß- und Sprunggelenkchirurgie, Rhön-Klinikum Campus, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
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Storb MB, Bussell AM, Caldwell Eldridge SL, Hirsch RM, Schmidt TS. Growth of Coal Mining Operations in the Elk River Valley (Canada) Linked to Increasing Solute Transport of Se, NO 3-, and SO 42- into the Transboundary Koocanusa Reservoir (USA-Canada). Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17465-17480. [PMID: 37922122 PMCID: PMC10653222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Koocanusa Reservoir (KOC) is a waterbody that spans the United States (U.S.) and Canadian border. Increasing concentrations of total selenium (Se), nitrate + nitrite (NO3-, nitrite is insignificant or not present), and sulfate (SO42-) in KOC and downstream in the Kootenai River (Kootenay River in Canada) are tied to expanding coal mining operations in the Elk River Watershed, Canada. Using a paired watershed approach, trends in flow-normalized concentrations and loads were evaluated for Se, NO3-, and SO42- for the two largest tributaries, the Kootenay and Elk Rivers, Canada. Increases in concentration (SO42- 120%, Se 581%, NO3- 784%) and load (SO42- 129%, Se 443%, NO3- 697%) in the Elk River (1979-2022 for NO3-, 1984-2022 for Se and SO42-) are among the largest documented increases in the primary literature, while only a small magnitude increase in SO42- (7.7% concentration) and decreases in Se (-10%) and NO3- (-8.5%) were observed in the Kootenay River. Between 2009 and 2019, the Elk River contributed, on average, 29% of the combined flow, 95% of the Se, 76% of the NO3-, and 38% of the SO42- entering the reservoir from these two major tributaries. The largest increase in solute concentrations occurred during baseflows, indicating a change in solute transport and delivery dynamics in the Elk River Watershed, which may be attributable to altered landscapes from coal mining operations including altered groundwater flow paths and increased chemical weathering in waste rock dumps. More recently there is evidence of surface water treatment operations providing some reduction in concentrations during low flow times of year; however, these appear to have a limited effect on annual loads entering KOC. These findings imply that current mine water treatment, which is focused on surface waters, may not sufficiently reduce the influence of mine-waste-derived solutes in the Elk River to allow constituent concentrations in KOC to meet U.S. water-quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl B. Storb
- U.S.
Geological Survey WY-MT Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601, United States
- Department
of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Ashley M. Bussell
- U.S.
Geological Survey WY-MT Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601, United States
| | - Sara L. Caldwell Eldridge
- U.S.
Geological Survey WY-MT Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601, United States
| | - Robert M. Hirsch
- U.S.
Geological Survey Water Mission Area, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Travis S. Schmidt
- U.S.
Geological Survey WY-MT Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601, United States
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12
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Díaz-Serradilla E, Castillo D, Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Raya González J, Villa Vicente JG, Rodríguez-Fernández A. Effect of Different Nonstarter Compensatory Strategies on Training Load in Female Soccer Players: A Pilot Study. Sports Health 2023; 15:835-841. [PMID: 37249238 PMCID: PMC10606965 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231176555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In soccer, the day of the week with the highest external load is match day (MD), with starters (>60 minutes per match) showing higher levels of physical fitness and seasonal high-intensity loading. It is necessary, therefore, to determine training strategies to reduce the differences between starters and nonstarters. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the external load of different training compensatory strategies with match external load in female nonstarters. HYPOTHESIS A strategy combining small-sided games (SSG) and running-based drills (RBD) would reproduce match demands, with RBD leading to greater high-intensity running and SSG leading to a greater number of accelerations and decelerations. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive and comparative study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS The training and match external load of 14 female players belonging to the same reserve squad of a Spanish First Division Club (Liga Reto Iberdrola) was registered. In the first session after the match (MD+1), nonstarters (<60 minutes in the match) performed 1 of 3 different compensatory strategies: RBD, SSG, or a mixed intervention combining the previous strategies (RBD+SSG). Starters carried out a recovery session. RESULTS A marked difference in load was observed between the compensatory training strategies and MD. In comparison with MD, RBD showed greater high-intensity and sprint distances and lower acceleration, SSG showed less high-intensity running and sprint distances, lower peak velocity, and greater acceleration, and RBD+SSG registered lower accelerations. In addition, nonstarters covered greater high-intensity running and sprint distances in RBD and achieved higher accelerations in SSG. CONCLUSION RBD and SSG compensatory strategies could be recommended to nonstarter female soccer players in MD+1 to compensate for match external load deficits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides comprehensive information on the compensatory exercises of female soccer players, which can be useful for strength and conditioning coaches when developing recovery strategies during a microcycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Díaz-Serradilla
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud, y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
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13
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Hong Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu Z. Study of the effect of Lactobacillus crispatus FSCDJY67L3 on Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265995. [PMID: 38022520 PMCID: PMC10645133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium exhibiting high pathogenicity. Traditional antibiotic treatments are considered ineffective as the H. pylori resistance has increased. Recently, a quadruple therapy strategy of probiotics and antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori was proposed. Probiotics play a therapeutic role as supplements in this process. The present research screened a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus crispatus FSCDJY67L3) that co-aggregates strongly with H. pylori. L. crispatus FSCDJY67L3 was demonstrated to significantly reduce H. pylori load (14C breath test) in clinical trials with H. pylori-positive patients. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) score decreased, indicating improvement in the gastrointestinal discomfort of patients. Furthermore, L. crispatus FSCDJY67L3 showed no change in the structure of the intestinal flora of patients. Routine blood indices and blood biochemical indices related to liver and kidney function were also not affected in the patients. Therefore, L. crispatus FSCDJY67L3 may be used clinically as a supplement for the treatment of H. pylori. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100053710).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huayue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Gomes Costa RR, Dorneles JR, Veloso JHCL, Gonçalves CWP, Ribeiro Neto F. Does tele-exercise training for tetraplegia meet the spinal cord injury-specific physical activity guidelines? A 7-month longitudinal study. J Telemed Telecare 2023:1357633X231188989. [PMID: 37583280 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x231188989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tele-exercise, defined as an intervention that offers physical training provided remotely, represents an alternative for remote care during social isolation and the absence of in-person interventions, considering the difficulties of regular exercise engagement in tetraplegia. The current study aimed to examine whether tele-exercise training in individuals with tetraplegia meets the recommendations proposed by the spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific guidelines, and the adherence. METHODS Twenty SCI tetraplegia performed tele-exercise training. The weekly training load of the tele-exercise training during the 27 weeks was compared to the estimated training load of SCI-specific guidelines: TW vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Tweedy et al.; MG vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al.; MG moderate guideline: moderate intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al. Adherence was obtained weekly during 27 weeks. RESULTS The tele-exercise training load was 22.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline and 21.6% and 47.7% lower than the MG vigorous and TW vigorous guidelines, respectively. The tele-exercise training loads for men and women were, respectively, 2.3% and 35.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline; 34.0% and 13.2% lower than the MG vigorous guideline; and 56.1% and 42.1% lower than the TW vigorous guideline. Adherence was 45.1%. CONCLUSION The tele-exercise training in men and women with tetraplegia for 7 months met the moderate intensity of recommendation proposed by one SCI exercise guideline. The adherence was 45.1%, with higher values for men compared to women. This finding shows that tele-exercise training may be an alternative exercise training intervention for tetraplegia and prompts reflexion on the inclusion of tele-exercise training in SCI exercise guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frederico Ribeiro Neto
- 1Department Spinal Cord Injury Program, SARAH Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brasilia, Brazil
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15
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Sivrika AP, Papadamou E, Kypraios G, Lamnisos D, Georgoudis G, Stasinopoulos D. Comparability of the Effectiveness of Different Types of Exercise in the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2268. [PMID: 37628466 PMCID: PMC10454459 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common condition both in athletes and the general population. The purpose of this study is to highlight the most effective form of exercise in managing pain-related symptoms and functional capacity as well as in a return to life activities, ensuring the quality of life of patients with AT, and creating a protocol to be used in rehabilitation. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and PEDro for Randomised Controlled Trials concerning interventions that were based exclusively on exercise and delivered in patients 18-65 years old, athletes and non-athletes. An amount of 5235 research articles generated from our search. Five met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Research evidence supports the effectiveness of a progressive loading eccentric exercise program based on Alfredson's protocol, which could be modified in intensity and pace to fit the needs of each patient with AT. Future research may focus on the optimal dosage and load of exercise in eccentric training and confirm the effectiveness of other type of exercise, such as a combination of eccentric-concentric training or heavy slow resistance exercise. Pilates could be applied as an alternative, useful, and friendly tool in the rehabilitation of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Pantelis Sivrika
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Eleni Papadamou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - George Kypraios
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenous Str., Engomi, Nicosia 22006, Cyprus;
| | - George Georgoudis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Stasinopoulos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
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16
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Bijjargi SP, Awinashe V, Kashyap R, Archana, Qattan AA, Choudhury GK, Jerry JJ, Ramaiah VV. Assessment of Static and Dynamic Load Tolerance of the Implant Mounts on its Particular Implant. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1129-S1131. [PMID: 37694013 PMCID: PMC10485438 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_192_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We compared the loads at which the implant holders from Astra Tech (AST) (AstraOsseoSpeed) and Osseotite Certain failed under static compression after experiencing fatigue, as well as the gap that resulted from dynamic loading between the implant-holder complexes. Materials and Method The ISO 14801 recommendation served as the foundation for the test protocol. Each brand's five implant-implant holder assemblies underwent dynamic loading. A load of 200 N was applied at a stress frequency of 12 Hz and a cycle rate of 5105. (Eden Prairie, MN, USA). Using scanning electron microscopy (S3700N, HITACHI, Japan), the gap (m) at the interface was measured post-fatigue. Static loading was then used to determine the highest load (N) after the point of failure. Controls included definitive abutment-implant complexes. Statistics were used to analyze the data. Result The Osseotite Certain group showed a slight trend toward greater resistance, but there was no diversity among the two implant holder groups (P 0.05). AST (AstraOsseoSpeed) implants had a larger interface gap, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion With respect to greatest compression load or the interface gap following dynamic loading, there were no discernible differences between the two experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya P Bijjargi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Awinashe
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rucha Kashyap
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Archana
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Department, Autonomous State Medical College, Etah, UP, India
| | - Ahmed Abdulmohsen Qattan
- Registrar, Department of Family Dentistry, MOH, Dental Clinic Complex West of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gopal Krishna Choudhury
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jeethu John Jerry
- Department of Periodontology, Malabar Dental College and Research, Malapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vardarajula Venkata Ramaiah
- Department of Dental Hygienec, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Baumann AW, Schäfer TAJ, Ruge H. Instructional load induces functional connectivity changes linked to task automaticity and mnemonic preference. Neuroimage 2023:120262. [PMID: 37394046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning new rules rapidly and effectively via instructions is ubiquitous in our daily lives, yet the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms are complex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we examined the effects of different instructional load conditions (4 vs. 10 stimulus-response rules) on functional couplings during rule implementation (always 4 rules). Focusing on connections of lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) regions, the results emphasized an opposing trend of load-related changes in LPFC-seeded couplings. On the one hand, during the low-load condition LPFC regions were more strongly coupled with cortical areas mostly assigned to networks such as the fronto-parietal network and the dorsal attention network. On the other hand, during the high-load condition, the same LPFC areas were more strongly coupled with default mode network areas. These results suggest differences in automated processing evoked by features of the instruction and an enduring response conflict mediated by lingering episodic long-term memory traces when instructional load exceeds working memory capacity limits. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) exhibited hemispherical differences regarding whole-brain coupling and practice-related dynamics. Left VLPFC connections showed a persistent load-related effect independent of practice and were associated with 'objective' learning success in overt behavioral performance, consistent with a role in mediating the enduring influence of the initially instructed task rules. Right VLPFC's connections, in turn, were more susceptible to practice-related effects, suggesting a more flexible role possibly related to ongoing rule updating processes throughout rule implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo A J Schäfer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Ruge
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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18
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Rozing G, Duspara M, Dudic B, Savkovic B. Research on the Effect of Load and Rotation Speed on Resistance to Combined Wear of Stainless Steels Using ANOVA Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4284. [PMID: 37374468 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This research was carried out with the aim of obtaining appropriate principles for describing the influence of working parameters and the aggressive action of an acidic medium on the wear and corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels. Tribological tests were performed on induction-hardened surfaces of stainless steels X20Cr13 and X17CrNi16-2 under combined wear conditions at a load of 100 to 300 N and a rotation speed of 382 to 754 min-1. The wear test was carried out on a tribometer with the use of an aggressive medium in the chamber. After each wear cycle on the tribometer, the samples were exposed to corrosion action in a corrosion test bath. Analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of rotation speed and load due to wear on the tribometer. Testing the difference in the mass loss values of the samples due to corrosion using the Mann-Whitney U test did not show a significant effect of corrosion. Steel X20Cr13 showed greater resistance to combined wear, which had a 27% lower wear intensity compared to steel X17CrNi16-2. The increase in wear resistance of X20Cr13 steel can be attributed to the higher surface hardness achieved and the effective depth of hardening. The mentioned resistance is the result of the creation of a martensitic surface layer with dispersed carbides, which increases the resistance to abrasion, dynamic durability, and fatigue of the surface of the protective layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Rozing
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Duspara
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Branislav Dudic
- Faculty of Management, Comenius University Bratislava, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Borislav Savkovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Chen X, Tian W, Jin X, Zhu C. Preparation and Load-Bearing Capacity of Lattice Cell Warren Truss Slot Resin-Stiffener-Reinforced Foam Sandwich Material. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2729. [PMID: 37049024 PMCID: PMC10096374 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study optimized and proposed a Warren truss slot-hole structure with a double-sided, square shallow slot and vertical and horizontal corrugated symmetry, achieved with inclined holes based on the stability and a good bearing capacity of an inclined strut truss structure. The tetrahedral truss lattice cells were obverse and reverse-staggered in the central core of the structure. Compared with the double-sided, square shallow groove cylindrical straight hole, the resin consumption of the Warren truss slot holes was similar to that of a vacuum-assisted resin infusion; however, the external flat compression force of the Warren truss slot holes on the resin stiffener structure doubled, and its bending contact force increased by approximately 1.5 times. Furthermore, the resulting Warren truss-slotted resin structure exhibited a late failure time. Compared with the double-sided, square shallow groove cylindrical straight hole foam-core sandwich composite, the Warren truss slot resin-stiffener-reinforced sandwich composite exhibited an increase of 4.7 kN in the flat compression load, an improvement of ~40% in flat compressive strength performance, an increase of ~0.58 kN in the bending load, and an improvement of ~60% in the bending strength, demonstrating its better bearing strength performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Chen
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Science & Technology University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- College of Material and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Science & Technology University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoke Jin
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Science & Technology University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenyan Zhu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, International Institute of Silk, Zhejiang Science & Technology University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Forte P, Teixeira JE. Exercise Biomechanics for Health: Evaluating Lifelong Activities for Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060900. [PMID: 36981557 PMCID: PMC10048551 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanics is a multidisciplinary study of the mechanical laws and principles that govern human movement and the functioning of biological systems [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Forte
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José E Teixeira
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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21
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Szigeti G, Schuth G, Kovács T, Revisnyei P, Pasic A, Szilas Á, Gabbett T, Pavlik G. Football movement profile analysis and creatine kinase relationships in youth national team players. Physiol Int 2023; 110:74-86. [PMID: 36692855 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2023.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Creatine kinase (CK) is widely used as a monitoring tool to make inferences on fatigue and readiness in elite soccer. Previous studies have examined the relationship between CK and GPS parameters, however these metrics may not accurately describe the players' load during soccer-specific movements. Football Movement Profile (FMP) monitoring is a viable option for such purposes, providing solely inertial sensor-based data and categorizing movements according to intensity (very low, low, medium, high) and movement type (running-linear locomotive, dynamic - change of direction or speed). Methods We investigated the relationship between the FMP distribution of youth (U16-U21) national team soccer players and the absolute day-to-day change in CK. We applied Spearman's correlations, principal component analysis and K-means clustering to classify players' CK responses according to their specific FMP. Results Moderate to large negative associations were found between very low intensity FMP parameters and CK change (r = -0.43 ± 0.12) while large positive associations were identified between CK change and other FMP metrics (r = 0.62 ± 0.12). Best fitting clustering methods were used to group players depending on their CK sensitivity to FMP values. Principal component analysis explained 83.0% of the variation with a Silhouette score of 0.61 for the 4 clusters. Conclusions Our results suggest that soccer players can be clustered based on the relationship between FMP measures and the CK change. These findings can help to plan soccer training or recovery sessions according to the desired load on skeletal muscle, as FMP monitoring might bridge the limitations of GPS telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Szigeti
- 1Department of Sport Medicine and Sport Science, Hungarian Football Federation, Budapest, Hungary.,2Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuth
- 1Department of Sport Medicine and Sport Science, Hungarian Football Federation, Budapest, Hungary.,2Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- 1Department of Sport Medicine and Sport Science, Hungarian Football Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Revisnyei
- 3MTA-BME Information Systems Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alija Pasic
- 3MTA-BME Information Systems Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Szilas
- 1Department of Sport Medicine and Sport Science, Hungarian Football Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim Gabbett
- 4Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,5Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia.,6Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Gábor Pavlik
- 2Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Alexander LA, Mchunu JT, Kgabu RD, Derman EW. Bilateral patellar tendon rupture in a weightlifter during an acute high- loading resistance exercise bout: A case study. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 34:v34i1a11781. [PMID: 36815917 PMCID: PMC9924605 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2022/v34i1a11781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral patellar tendon ruptures are exceedingly uncommon, especially when they occur in individuals without predisposing risk factors or systemic disease. Due to its rarity, many cases are missed on initial presentation resulting in poor patient outcomes. Identifying associated risk factors aids in diagnosis and mitigates this oversight. We report a case of a healthy, recreational weightlifter who sustained bilateral patellar tendon ruptures during an acute high-loading resistance exercise bout. We discuss how a spike in acute workload may have predisposed our patient to this injury. Research into training load and athlete injury risk is currently in vogue, however, no studies have analysed whether poor load management increases the risk of tendon ruptures. This case prompts awareness for clinicians who diagnose and manage this injury and helps to stimulate the formation of educational initiatives for athletes and coaches, aimed at injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Alexander
- Orthopaedic Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand,
South Africa
| | - JT Mchunu
- Orthopaedic Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand,
South Africa
| | - RD Kgabu
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand,
South Africa
| | - EW Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University,
South Africa,IOC Research Centre,
South Africa
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23
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Demangeot Y, Whiteley R, Gremeaux V, Degache F. The load borne by the Achilles tendon during exercise: A systematic review of normative values. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:110-126. [PMID: 36278501 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Achilles tendon (AT) can be exposed to considerable stress during athletic activities and is often subject to pathologies such as tendinopathies. When designing a prevention or rehabilitation protocol, mechanical loading is a key factor to consider. This implies being able to accurately determine the load applied to the AT when performing exercises that stress this tendon. A systematic review was performed to synthesize the load borne by the AT during exercises/activities. Three databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane) were searched for articles up to May 2021, and only the studies assessing the AT load in newtons relative to body-weight (BW) on humans during activities or exercises were included. Most of the 11 included studies assessed AT load when running or walking (N = 10), and only three tested exercises were usually performed during rehabilitation. The load on the tendon ranged from 2.7 to 3.95 BW when walking, from 4.15 to 7.71 BW when running, and from 0.41 to 7.3 BW according to the strengthening exercise performed. From the collected data, a progression of exercises progressively loading the Achilles tendon, as well as the possible connections with walking and running activities, could be defined. However, the trends highlighted in the relationship between tendon loading and walking or running speeds present some inconsistencies. Further research is still needed to clarify them, but also to complete the data set in healthy and injured people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Demangeot
- Therapeutic and Performance Sports Institute, MotionLab, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Degache
- Therapeutic and Performance Sports Institute, MotionLab, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Piqué B, Peña K, Riu F, Acosta JC, Torres-Royo L, Malave B, Araguas P, Benavides R, de Febrer G, Camps J, Joven J, Arenas M, Parada D. SARS-CoV-2 Serum Viral Load and Prognostic Markers Proposal for COVID-19 Pneumonia in Low-Dose Radiation Therapy Treated Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030798. [PMID: 36769445 PMCID: PMC9918037 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the plasma RNA of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be associated with a worse prognosis of COVID-19. In the present study, we investigated plasma RNA in COVID-19 patients treated with low-dose radiotherapy to determine its prognostic value. Data were collected from the IPACOVID prospective clinical trial (NCT04380818). The study included 46 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with a whole-lung dose of 0.5 Gy. Clinical follow-up, as well as laboratory variables, and SARS-CoV-2 serum viral load, were analyzed before LDRT, at 24 h, and one week after treatment. The mean age of the patients was 85 years, and none received any of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. The mortality ratio during the course of treatment was 33%. RT-qPCR showed amplification in 23 patients. Higher mortality rate was associated with detectable viremia. Additionally, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Our present findings show that detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia 24 h before LDRT is significantly associated with increased mortality rates post-treatment, thus downsizing the treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Piqué
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karla Peña
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Riu
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Johana C. Acosta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Royo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Barbara Malave
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Araguas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rocío Benavides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gabriel de Febrer
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Care, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.P.)
| | - David Parada
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitàri Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.P.)
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25
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Dai G, Wu Q, Lu K, Ma S, Wang W, Zhou H, Cai C, Han Z, Chen J. Study of Chloride Ion Diffusion in Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete with Different Water-Cement Ratios under Load. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16020869. [PMID: 36676606 PMCID: PMC9862297 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the chloride ion transport in coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) with varying water-cement ratios under different loads. The ultimate compressive strength was obtained by conducting compression testing of three groups of CASC with different water-cement ratios. Steady loads of 0%, 10%, and 20% of their respective ultimate compressive strengths were applied to the concrete specimens with different water-cement ratios. After being subjected to a seawater erosion test for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days, the chloride ion concentration at different depths was measured to determine the chloride ion diffusion coefficient. Meanwhile, the chloride ion diffusion coefficients of CASC were verified by comparing them with results obtained from numerical simulations performed using COMSOL software. The test results show that the internal pore space of CASC expands, leading to acceleration of the chloride ion transport rate when applied loads are increased. The initial chloride ion concentration of CASC rises as the water-cement ratio rises, and the concentration gradient formed with artificial seawater lowers, decreasing the chloride ion transport rate. When the water cement ratio decreases and the load increases, the diffusion coefficient increases. Using the numerical simulation method of COMSOL software, it was proved that the model has good applicability and accuracy in predicting chloride ion transport in CASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Dai
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Qing Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kailong Lu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Shiliang Ma
- Zhenjiang University Park Headquarters, Zhenjiang University, Zhenjiang 311122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Chenggong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Zuocheng Han
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212114, China
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26
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Chen Z, Dou Z, Xu H, Wang Z, Zeng S, Yang X, Takahashi E, Popovic MR, Wang L, Li W. Decomposing Working Memory in Recurrent Major Depression: Impaired Encoding and Limited Maintenance Immune-to-Encoding Constraint. Brain Sci 2022; 13. [PMID: 36672020 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that working memory (WM) is dysfunctional in depression. However, whether this impaired performance originates from impaired encoding, maintenance or both stages is still unclear. Here, we aimed to decompose the abnormal characteristics of encoding and maintenance in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). Thirty patients and thirty-nine healthy controls completed a spatial working memory task where the encoding time and the retention time could vary under different load levels. Encoding performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long encoding times, and maintenance performance was assessed by comparing accuracies between short and long retention times. The results show a lower performance in depression than the controls. However, while the decreased accuracy by long retention (vs. short retention) was increased by a short encoding time in the control group, the retention performance of the depression group did not further suffer from the short encoding time. The generally impaired encoding, together with limited maintenance of immunity against the constrained encoding time, suggests a common bias for fixed internal processing over external processing in recurrent MDD. The paradigm provided in this study can be a convenient and efficient clinical test for assessing the WM encoding and maintenance function.
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27
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Agresta C, Freehill MT, Zendler J, Giblin G, Cain S. Sensor Location Matters When Estimating Player Work load for Baseball Pitching. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9008. [PMID: 36433603 PMCID: PMC9698011 DOI: 10.3390/s22229008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Estimating external workload in baseball pitchers is important for training and rehabilitation. Since current methods of estimating workload through pitch counts and rest days have only been marginally successful, clubs are looking for more sophisticated methods to quantify the mechanical loads experienced by pitchers. Among these are the use of wearable systems. While wearables offer a promising solution, there remains a lack of standards or guidelines for how best to employ these devices. As a result, sensor location and workload calculation methods vary from system to system. This can influence workload estimates and blur their interpretation and utility when making decisions about training or returning to sport. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sensor location influences workload estimate. A secondary purpose was to compare estimates using different workload calculations. Acceleration data from three sensor locations-trunk, throwing upper arm, and throwing forearm-were collected from ten collegiate pitchers as they threw a series of pitches during a single bullpen session. The effect of sensor location and pitch type was assessed in relation to four different workload estimates. Sensor location significantly influenced workload estimates. Workload estimates calculated from the forearm sensor were significantly different across pitch types. Whole-body workload measured from a trunk-mounted sensor may not adequately reflect the mechanical loads experienced at throwing arm segments. A sensor on the forearm was the most sensitive to differences in workloads across pitch types, regardless of the calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Agresta
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael T. Freehill
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Cain
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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28
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Arias-Guzman S, Oberg C, Jones R, Call E. Comparing the Energy-Stretch Properties of Two Compression Bandage Systems in a Laboratory-Based Test under Controlled Conditions. Adv Skin Wound Care 2022; 35:605-612. [PMID: 36264752 PMCID: PMC9586827 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000875052.14511.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of two commercially available compression systems, a dual-compression bandage system (DCS) and a traditional two-layer bandage (TLB), using a laboratory bench test. METHODS The compression systems were evaluated in a computer-controlled tensile test to generate force-deflection curves for each sample. The compressive work and the theoretical pressure applied to the limb by the respective compression bandages were calculated at the maximum stretch and a stretch instructed by the manufacturers. The manufacturer of the DCS provides reference points on how much the bandage should be stretched to provide the desired pressure, and the TLB stretch was calculated from the product’s datasheet. RESULTS The combined results of layers 1 and 2 for the DCS showed greater load and work than the TLB at both the maximum and recommended stretch. The recommended stretch for DCS and TLB was less than 50% of the deflection up to the breaking point. CONCLUSIONS The high work provided by the two layers of the DCS suggests a wider range of performance than the TLB when applied to the lower limb, especially after the limb volume is initially reduced by compression. Moreover, using the tensile test and the guide of the reference points on layers 1 and 2 from DCS, the calculated pressure achieved the expected values stated by the manufacturer. Human studies should be conducted to determine whether the reference points provided by DCS are beneficial for obtaining repeatable values.
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29
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Nordstrøm A, Bahr R, Bache-Mathiesen LK, Clarsen B, Talsnes O. Association of Training and Game Loads to Injury Risk in Junior Male Elite Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221129646. [PMID: 36338353 PMCID: PMC9629576 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training and game loads are potential risk factors of injury in junior elite ice hockey, but the association of training and game loads to injuries is unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the association of chronic training and game loads to injury risk in junior male elite ice hockey players. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we monitored all health problems among 159 male junior ice hockey players (mean age, 16 years; range, 15-19 years) at sports-specific high schools during the 2018-2019 school year. Players reported their health problems every week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). The number of training sessions and games was reported for 33 weeks. We calculated the previous 2-week difference in training/game loads as well as the cumulative training/game loads of the previous 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks and explored potential associations between training/game loads and injury risk using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS The players reported 133 acute injuries, 75 overuse injuries, and 162 illnesses in total, and an average of 8.8 (SD ±3.9) training sessions and 0.9 (SD ± 1.1) games per week. We found no association between the difference of the two previous weeks or the previous 2- 3- and 4-week cumulative, training or game load and acute injuries, nor the difference of the two previous weeks, or the previous 4- and 6-week cumulative, training or game load and overuse injuries (OR, ∼1.0; P > .05 in all models). CONCLUSION In the current study of junior elite ice hockey players, there was no evidence of an association between cumulative exposure to training/game loads and injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Nordstrøm
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway.,Anine Nordstrøm, MD, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, PB 4014 Ullevål Stadion 0806 Oslo, Norway ()
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena K. Bache-Mathiesen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Disease Burden Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Talsnes
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway.,Investigation performed at Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Ma Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wu Y. Long-Term Performance Evolution of RIOHTrack Pavement Surface Layer Based on DMA Method. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6461. [PMID: 36143773 PMCID: PMC9501433 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt mixture is a typical viscoelastic material, and its road performance will change with the action of environment and load during actual service. This study conducted experimental research on the surface course asphalt mixture of three categories and six typical structures of RIOHTrack based on the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis method. Moreover, this study explored the performance evolution law of asphalt mixture under the coupling action of load and environment in the process of loading from 0 million to 54 million standard axle times. Results demonstrated that the phase transition characteristic temperature of the surface course materials of the three types of typical structures showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the accumulation of load and environmental effects, indicating the presence of two stages of the dual coupling effect of environmental aging and load rolling on the asphalt mixture during service. In addition, the results suggested that the phase transition characteristic temperature, modulus, and phase angle of the surface layer materials have obvious material differences and structure dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Corrosion of Road Materials and Engineering Safety in Dadushe Beijing, Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Corrosion of Road Materials and Engineering Safety in Dadushe Beijing, Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yanzhu Wang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xingye Zhou
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Corrosion of Road Materials and Engineering Safety in Dadushe Beijing, Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Corrosion of Road Materials and Engineering Safety in Dadushe Beijing, Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
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31
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Dos'Santos T, Cowling I, Challoner M, Barry T, Caldbeck P. What are the significant turning demands of match play of an English Premier League soccer team? J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1750-1759. [PMID: 35943194 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the significant turning demands of English Premier League soccer match play relative to playing position using LiDAR technology. Turning data were collected from an English Premier League soccer team (2020-2021 season; 18 fixtures) using a Sportlight® LiDAR tracking system. Turns were tracked during match play, sub-categorised by entry speed (<3.0, 3.0-5.5, 5.5-7.0 and >7.0 m/s) and turning angle (Low: 20-59°; Medium: 60-119°; High: 120-180°). Turning metric frequencies were compared between playing positions (centre backs, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and central forwards). On average, per match, central midfielders performed more total turns (~38 vs ~18-27), turns with entry speeds <3.0 (~15 vs ~7-10) and 3.0-5.5 m/s (~21 vs ~8-15) and low (~4 vs ~1-2), medium (~10 vs ~3-6) and high angled turns (~24 vs ~12-18) compared to all other playing positions (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.96-2.74). Approximately, 90% of turns during matches were performed with entry speeds <5.5 m/s and ~63-70% were high angled turns. This study provides unique insights into the turning demands of English Premier League soccer matches , which can be used to inform position-specific physical preparation strategies, turning testing battery selection, agility drill construction, and rehabilitation and return to play standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Cowling
- Sports Science Department, Sportlight Technology LTD, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Challoner
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Timothy Barry
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paul Caldbeck
- Sports Science Department, Sportlight Technology LTD, Oxford, UK
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32
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Feng L, Zhao C. Analysis of Creep Properties and Factors Affecting Wood Plastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2814. [PMID: 35890590 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood plastic composite (WPC) materials are mainly used as building slabs and load-bearing slabs, which will cause creep deformation, structural failure, and safety problems. Therefore, this work used high-density polyethylene and poplar wood flour as the main raw materials to prepare wood–plastic boards. The bending creep tests of wood–plastic sheets were carried out using an orthogonal test method. According to the creep test results, the influences of the WPC ratio molding temperature, pelleting temperature, coupling agent screw speed, and other technological factors on the creep properties of WPC composites under different loads are analyzed, and the influences of WPC creep properties on structural reliability are also analyzed. The results indicate that the wood–plastic ratio and screw speed are significant factors when the load is at 30% bending strength within the 24h creep test. When the load is at 50% bending strength, the wood–plastic ratio and molding temperature are the significant factors. When the load is at 70% bending strength, the wood–plastic ratio is the most significant factor. When the load is at 50% bending strength within the 240 h creep test, the wood–plastic ratio and molding temperature are significant factors. When the load is at 30% bending strength, the influence of each factor on the creeping variable is provided in the following descending order: wood–plastic ratio, molding temperature, granulation temperature, coupling agent, and screw speed, but none of them are significant factors.
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33
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Yu A, Zhao X, Zhao H, Luo J, Yin H, Xu W. Load-Bearing Radioulnar Distances to Evaluate an Unstable Distal Radioulnar Joint in Patients With Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears. J Hand Surg Am 2022; 47:437-443. [PMID: 35248425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tears of the proximal component of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (pc-TFCC) lead to instability in the distal radioulnar joint. The aim of this study was to measure the load-bearing radioulnar distances (RaUls) and to evaluate its diagnostic suitability in patients with pc-TFCC tears. METHODS We retrospectively assessed and compared the lateral wrist radiographs of 61 adult patients with arthroscopically confirmed tears of pc-TFCC with those of a control group of 64 healthy participants. The RaUl was measured on lateral radiographs, and the difference in RaUl (D-value) between load-bearing and nonloading conditions was calculated in the 2 groups. Receiver operator characteristic curves were plotted to determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal cutoff-score of load-bearing RaUl and RaUl D-value. The diagnostic performance was verified in a validation sample of patients (30 wrists) with pc-TFCC tears and a control group of healthy individuals (30 wrists). RESULTS In the training sample, load-bearing RaUls of the affected wrists were higher than the same side of the controls (12.0 mm vs 7.1 mm). The TFCC-injury group showed a significantly higher RaUl D-value than the control group (8.5 mm vs 3.4 mm). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the cutoff value of load-bearing RaUl was 10 mm (sensitivity = 97.6%, specificity = 85.7%) and that of RaUl D-value was 6.5 mm (sensitivity = 90.2%, specificity = 78.5%). The areas under the curve of load-bearing RaUl and RaUl D-value were 0.96 and 0.88, respectively. In the test sample, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of RaUl were 0.93, 0.70, and 0.82 and those of RaUl D-value were 0.77, 0.83, and 0.80 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Load-bearing RaUl measurement is a simple method to diagnose an unstable distal radioulnar joint in patients with TFCC injury. The load bearing RaUl of >10 mm or RaUl D-value of >6.5 mm can be used to differentiate TFCC injuries and showed acceptable accuracy. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Zhao
- Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Yin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wendong Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Fernandes R, Ceylan Hİ, Clemente FM, Brito JP, Martins AD, Nobari H, Reis VM, Oliveira R. In-Season Microcycle Quantification of Professional Women Soccer Players-External, Internal and Wellness Measures. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040695. [PMID: 35455872 PMCID: PMC9030413 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although data currently exists pertaining to the intensity in the women’s football match, the knowledge about training is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify external (locomotor activity) and internal (psychophysiological) intensities, as well as the wellness profile of the typical microcycle from professional female soccer players during the 2019/20 in-season. Ten players (24.6 ± 2.3 years) from an elite Portuguese women soccer team participated in this study. All variables were collected in 87 training session and 15 matches for analysis from the 2019−2020 in-season. Global positioning variables such total distance, high-speed running, acceleration, deceleration and player load were recorded as intensity while Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and session-RPE were recorded as internal measures. The Hooper Index (HI) was collected as a wellness parameter. The results showed that internal and external intensity measures were greater in matches compared to trainings during the week (match day minus [MD-], MD-5, MD-4, MD-2), p < 0.05 with very large effect size (ES). In the same line, higher internal and external intensity values were found in the beginning of the week while the lowest values were found in MD-2 (p < 0.05, with very large ES). Regarding wellness, there was no significant differences in the HI parameters between the training days and match days (p > 0.05). This study confirmed the highest intensity values during MD and the lowest on the training session before the MD (MD-2). Moreover, higher training intensities were found in the beginning of the training week sessions which were then reduced when the MD came close. Wellness parameters showed no variation when compared to intensity measures. This study confirmed the hypothesis regarding internal and external intensity but not regarding wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fernandes
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (A.D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (R.O.)
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (A.D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Duarte Martins
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (A.D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367 Ardabil, Iran
- Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, 81887-78473 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (J.P.B.); (A.D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (R.O.)
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Nobari H, Gholizadeh R, Martins AD, Badicu G, Oliveira R. In-Season Quantification and Relationship of External and Internal Intensity, Sleep Quality, and Psychological or Physical Stressors of Semi-Professional Soccer Players. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35336840 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to describe and analyse the relationship of the in-season variations of external and internal intensity metrics as well as well-being measures across different periods of a semi-professional soccer season (early-, mid- and end-season); and (b) to describe training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) for 20 weeks in a semi-professional soccer season. Eighteen semi-professional players (age: 29 ± 4.1) from the Asian First League team participated in this study. The players were monitored for 20 consecutive weeks during in-season for external training intensity, internal training intensity and well-being parameters. The in-season was organized into three periods: early-season (weeks 1−7); mid-season (weeks 8−13); and end-season (weeks 14−20). Total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), sprint distance, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE (s-RPE), TM, TS, heart rate average and maximum, as well as sleep quality, stress and muscle soreness were collected. Results revealed that TD, HSRD and sprint distance (total values) were meaningfully greater during end-season than in the early-season. RPE showed a significantly highest value during the end-season (4.27 AU) than in early- (3.68 AU) and mid-season (3.65 AU), p < 0.01. TS showed significant differences between early-season with mid-season (p = 0.011) and end-season (p < 0.01), and the highest value occurred in week 17 during end-season (6656.51 AU), while the lowest value occurred in week 4 during early-season (797.17 AU). The average TD periods showed a moderate to large correlation with RPE, sleep and s-RPE at early-, mid- and end-season. Increasing the training intensity without considering the well-being of the players affects the performance of the team. Examining processes of the relationship between training intensity and other psychological indicators among players will probably be effective in training planning. Sports coaches and fitness professionals should be wary of changes in TM and TS that affect players performance. Therefore, to better control the training, more consideration should be given by the coaches.
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Silva AF, Oliveira R, Cataldi S, Clemente FM, Latino F, Badicu G, Greco G, Leão C, Bonavolontà V, Fischetti F. Weekly Variations of Well-Being and Interactions with Training and Match Intensities: A Descriptive Case Study in Youth Male Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35270628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) analyze the weekly variations of well-being and training/match intensity measures in youth soccer players, and (ii) test relations between well-being and training intensity outcomes. The study followed a descriptive case study design. Twenty-seven under-17 male soccer players were monitored for well-being and training intensity parameters over seventeen consecutive weeks. An adjusted version of the Hooper questionnaire was used to monitor the perceptive sleep quality, readiness, fatigue, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) early in the morning. The CR-10 Borg’s scale was also used for monitoring the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of players after training sessions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was executed to test the between-week variations of both well-being and training intensity outcomes. Moreover, Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the relations between well-being and training intensity outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between weeks in the sleep quality (F = 0.422; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.140), readiness (F = 0.8.734; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.251), fatigue (F = 4.484; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.147), DOMS (F = 3.775; p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.127), RPE (F = 7.301; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.219), and session-RPE (F = 17.708; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.405). Correlations between well-being and training intensity outcomes in the same week revealed moderate correlations between fatigue and session-RPE (r = 0.325). As conclusions, it was found that well-being and training intensity fluctuates over the season, while well-being outcomes seems to be related with training intensity, although with a small magnitude.
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Abstract
In this article, rigid origami is examined from the perspective of rigidity theory. First- and second-order rigidity are defined from local differential analysis of the consistency constraint; while the static rigidity and prestress stability are defined after finding the form of internal force and load. We will show the hierarchical relation among these local rigidities with examples representing different levels. The development of theory here follows the same path as the conventional rigidity theory for bar-joint frameworks, but starts with different high-order rotational constraints. We also bring new interpretation to the internal force and geometric error of constraints associated with energy. Examining the different aspects of the rigidity of origami might give a novel perspective for the development of new folding patterns, or for the design of origami structures where some rigidity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan He
- Civil Engineering Building, Department of Engineering, 7a JJ Tomson Ave, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Simon D Guest
- Civil Engineering Building, Department of Engineering, 7a JJ Tomson Ave, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
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Wood TG, Scanlan AT, Minett GM, Kelly VG. A Comparison of the External and Internal Demands Imposed during Conditioning Training and Match-Play in Semi-Professional and Development Female Netball Players. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10010012. [PMID: 35050977 PMCID: PMC8822893 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This case series, team-based study aimed to compare the demands imposed during conditioning training and match-play in netball players. Female netball players competing at semi-professional (n = 9, age: 22.2 ± 3.8 years) and development (n = 9, age: 22.3 ± 2.9 years) levels had their internal (rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) and external (relative PlayerLoad (PL) in total and in the forwards, sideways, and vertical vectors) loads measured during conditioning-based training sessions and matches in a season. Demand variables were compared between conditioning and match-play across all players and according to position in each playing level. Conditioning training imposed higher relative PL in total and in each vector compared to match-play in semi-professional and development players (small to large effects). In contrast, RPE was significantly (p = 0.006) higher during match-play than conditioning training in semi-professional and development players (medium effects). Furthermore, according to playing position, significantly higher relative PL variables were evident during conditioning training than match-play in wing attack and goalkeeper semi-professional players and in goal attack, goal shooter, goal keeper, and goal defence development players. These results suggest conditioning training practices elicit adequate external intensities but inadequate internal intensities relative to match-play across positions in semi-professional and development netball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandia G. Wood
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (G.M.M.); (V.G.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4870, Australia;
| | - Geoffrey M. Minett
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (G.M.M.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Vincent G. Kelly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (G.M.M.); (V.G.K.)
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Ribeiro JN, Monteiro D, Gonçalves B, Brito J, Sampaio J, Travassos B. Variation in Physical Performance of Futsal Players During Congested Fixtures. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-7. [PMID: 34911034 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the match-to-match variation of physical performance during official congested fixtures in elite futsal players. METHODS Physical performance was measured by external and internal load metrics in 12 elite male futsal players. Two periods with 3 matches within 4 days were analyzed. The variation in physical performance of the players during matches was analyzed using the latent growth curve modeling that estimated interindividual and intraindividual growth paths. RESULTS Playing time had a significant effect on physical performance growth with significant paths of interindividual and intraindividual variability. Players who competed for more time revealed lower initial levels (ie, first match) of total distance covered (β = -0.62), high-speed running (β = -0.18), accelerations (β = -0.31), decelerations (β = -0.44), and session rate of perceived exertion (β = 0.81) than players who competed for less time (P < .05). In addition, players who competed for more time revealed higher increases in total distance covered (β = 0.47), high-speed running (β = 0.16), and session rate of perceived exertion (β = 0.66) and lower increases in accelerations (β = -0.21) and decelerations (β = -0.58) than players who competed for less time from the first to the third match (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Congested fixtures did not affect physical performance in elite futsal players. Playing time showed to be a key performance factor. There was a considerable heterogeneity in the responsiveness to physical performance over congested fixtures, suggesting an analysis of individual variability to evaluate real changes in match performance, training intensity, and workload.
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Massard T, Carey DL, Whalan M, Sampson JA, Hulin BT, Lovell R. Comparison of player-dependent and independent high-speed running thresholds to model injury risk in football. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:606-613. [PMID: 34789058 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2006414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High-speed running (HSR) loads have been linked with non-contact injury risks in team-sports. This study investigated whether player-specific speed zones, reflecting individual fitness characteristics, impact the associations between non-contact injury and acute and chronic HSR loads. Semi-professional soccer players from two clubs (n = 47) were tracked over two seasons using 10 Hz GPS (5552 observations). HSR distances were calculated arbitrarily (≥5.5 m·s-1), and in an individualised fashion based on the final speed of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test. Cumulative running loads were represented by exponentially weighted moving averages with 7-(acute) and 28-day (chronic) decay parameters. Physiotherapists collected non-contact, lower-limb, time-loss injury data (n = 101). Injury models using session type (training vs matches), coach, as well as arbitrary or individualised running loads were constructed via mixed-effect logistic regression. Session type had the largest effect on injury (training vs match OR = 0.28; 95%CI:0.17-0.44). Variations in individualised or arbitrary acute and chronic HSR loads within the mid-range of the observed data had negligible effects on predicted injury risk. However, the uncertainty of estimated effects at extreme values of acute and chronic HSR loads prevented any conclusive findings. Therefore, the efficacy of using customised speed thresholds in quantifying load for injury risk mitigation purposes remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Massard
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia
| | - David L Carey
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matt Whalan
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Billy T Hulin
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,St. George Illawarra Dragons Rugby League Football Club, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ric Lovell
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia
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Nam SJ, Oh DW. Is it appropriate to use external loads during side-lying hip abduction exercise for weakened gluteus medius? J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:1057-1062. [PMID: 34092590 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Side-lying hip abduction exercise could be beneficial to improve the neuromuscular control of the hip abductor; however, there has been limited information available to determine the exercise load during the exercise. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of using external loads on the hip abductor muscles during side-lying hip abduction exercises in females with gluteus medius (GM) weakness. METHODS This study enrolled 24 females with weakness in the GM. Electromyographic (EMG) data of the quadratus lumborum (QL) and GM muscles were recorded during the exercise under three load conditions: no-load, external load-1 (3% of body weight), and external load-2 (5% of body weight). RESULTS During the exercise, the EMG activities of the QL were significantly different under all three conditions (p< 0.05), with greater activity observed in the external load-2 condition (92.05 ± 65.93% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) as compared to the others, and in the external load-1 condition (82.47 ± 57.36% MVIC) as compared to the no-load condition (48.94 ± 45.09% MVIC). Furthermore, the GM/QL ratios showed significant differences between no-load (1.78 ± 1.47) and external load-1 conditions (0.93 ± 0.60), and between no-load and external load-2 (0.85 ± 0.45) conditions (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that greater load could be a factor to increase the QL activity during the exercise in females with weakened GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Nam
- Operation and Support Team, CJ Corporation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck-Won Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Sun YY, Zhou C, Gan YH, Wu BD, Zhang SJ. [Fabrication of Supported Titanium Xerogel Adsorbent and Performance Evaluation for Arsenite Removal]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:5460-5471. [PMID: 34708985 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the adsorption capacity of titanium xerogel(TAX) for arsenite(As(Ⅲ)) is high(254 mg·g-1), the adsorption rate is slow. Therefore, TAX was loaded onto activated carbon, sponge, and resin to fabricate a supported adsorbent, and the arsenite removal performance was evaluated. Except sponge, activated carbon and resin could successfully load TAX. The results showed that resin and activated carbon loaded TAX improved the As(Ⅲ) removal performance, and more significantly by the resin-based materials. Through wet digestion and adsorption kinetics experiments, the amount of titanium loaded was approximately 1.4% and 5% in the activated carbon-based(TAX@AC) and resin-based(TAX@resin) materials, respectively. For the initial concentration of 1.0 mg·L-1 As(Ⅲ) solution, the adsorption rate constant of TAX@D201 was 0.85 mg·(g·min) -1, which was 21 times higher than that of unloaded TAX[0.04 mg·(g·min) -1]. Columns packed with TAX@resin could effectively lower arsenite concentration for up to 560 bed volumes, which is 2.8 times greater than that of the iron-based composites with the same metal mass. Therefore, loading TAX on macroporous resin is an effective strategy and provides an effective approach for the application of TAX in arsenite-containing groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-Hai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing-Dang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Guan Z, Chen Y. Experimental Study on the Correlation between Crack Width and Crack Depth of RC Beams. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14205950. [PMID: 34683543 PMCID: PMC8539744 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The depth of cracks propagating inside reinforcement concrete (RC) components is barely able to be detected by visual inspection. Without any help from facilities, crack width can provide us with a proper way to explore the depth of cracks developing. Therefore, this paper tried to explore the correlation between crack width on the surface and crack depth. A static loading test was conducted on eight RC beams, considering the variation of concrete strength, cover, and reinforcement ratio. The test results indicate that concrete strength has a certain impact on cracking load and the propagation of cracks is mainly related to reinforcement ratio. The linear changes in load and crack width can be found. Originally, crack depth markedly increased with loading, but when restricted by compression zone of concrete and the height of beams, crack depth stopped extending finally. The correlation between crack width and crack depth was analyzed by studying work phases of a cross-section and experimental data. The fitting function achieved in this paper was determined to be a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Juhui Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhongguo Guan
- Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Youliang Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
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Minett GM, Fels-Camilleri V, Bon JJ, Impellizzeri FM, Borg DN. Peer Presence Increases Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-5. [PMID: 34560668 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effect of peer presence on session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses. METHOD Fourteen males, with mean (SD) age 22.4 (3.9) years, peak oxygen uptake 48.0 (6.6) mL·kg-1·min-1, and peak power output 330 (44) W, completed an incremental cycling test and 3 identical experimental sessions, in groups of 4 or 5. Experimental sessions involved 24 minutes of cycling, whereby the work rate alternated between 40% and 70% peak power output every 3 minutes. During cycling, heart rate was collected every 3 minutes, and session-RPE was recorded 10 minutes after cycling, in 3 communication contexts: in written form unaccompanied (intrapersonal communication), verbally by the researcher only (interpersonal communication), and in the presence of the training group. Session-RPE was analyzed using ordinal regression and heart rate using a linear mixed-effects model, with models fit in a Bayesian framework. RESULTS Session-RPE was voted higher when collected in the group's presence compared with when written (odds ratio = 4.26, 95% credible interval = 1.27-14.73). On average, the posterior probability that session-RPE was higher in the group setting than when written was .53. Session-RPE was not different between the group and verbal, or verbal and written collection contexts. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that contextual psychosocial inputs influence session-RPE and highlights the importance of session-RPE users controlling the measurement environment when collecting votes.
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Costa JAH. Cardiac autonomic function and sleep patterns after training sessions and matches in female soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:303-304. [PMID: 34510002 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Alejandro Henriques Costa
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal .,Portugal Football School, Portuguese Futebol Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
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Bahenský P, Bunc V, Malátová R, Marko D, Grosicki GJ, Schuster J. Impact of a Breathing Intervention on Engagement of Abdominal, Thoracic, and Subclavian Musculature during Exercise, a Randomized Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163514. [PMID: 34441810 PMCID: PMC8397177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breathing technique may influence endurance exercise performance by reducing overall breathing work and delaying respiratory muscle fatigue. We investigated whether a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention could affect breathing characteristics during exercise. Methods: Forty-six endurance runners (age = 16.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomized to either a breathing intervention or control group. The contribution of abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian musculature to respiration and ventilation parameters during three different intensities on a cycle ergometer was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Post-intervention, abdominal, thoracic, and subclavian ventilatory contributions were altered at 2 W·kg−1 (27:23:50 to 31:28:41), 3 W·kg−1 (26:22:52 to 28:31:41), and 4 W·kg−1 (24:24:52 to 27:30:43), whereas minimal changes were observed in the control group. More specifically, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in abdominal contribution was observed at rest and during low intensity work (i.e., 2 and 3 W·kg−1), and a decrease in respiratory rate and increase of tidal volume were observed in the experimental group. Conclusions: These data highlight an increased reliance on more efficient abdominal and thoracic musculature, and less recruitment of subclavian musculature, in young endurance athletes during exercise following a two-month yoga-based breathing intervention. More efficient ventilatory muscular recruitment may benefit endurance performance by reducing energy demand and thus optimize energy requirements for mechanical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bahenský
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 371 15 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-038-777-3171
| | - Václav Bunc
- Sports Motor Skills Laboratory, Faculty of Sports, Physical Training and Education, Charles University, 165 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Renata Malátová
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 371 15 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - David Marko
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 371 15 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Gregory J. Grosicki
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Armstrong Campus, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | - Jan Schuster
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 371 15 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (R.M.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
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Zill SN, Dallmann CJ, S Szczecinski N, Büschges A, Schmitz J. Evaluation of force feedback in walking using joint torques as "naturalistic" stimuli. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:227-248. [PMID: 34107221 PMCID: PMC8424542 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00120.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of adaptive walking requires the integration of sensory signals of muscle force and load. We have studied how mechanoreceptors (tibial campaniform sensilla) encode “naturalistic” stimuli derived from joint torques of stick insects walking on a horizontal substrate. Previous studies showed that forces applied to the legs using the mean torque profiles of a proximal joint were highly effective in eliciting motor activities. However, substantial variations in torque direction and magnitude occurred at the more distal femorotibial joint, which can generate braking or propulsive forces and provide lateral stability. To determine how these forces are encoded, we used torque waveforms of individual steps that had maximum values in stance in the directions of flexion or extension. Analysis of kinematic data showed that the torques in different directions tended to occur in different ranges of joint angles. Variations within stance were not accompanied by comparable changes in joint angle but often reflected vertical ground reaction forces and leg support of body load. Application of torque waveforms elicited sensory discharges with variations in firing frequency similar to those seen in freely walking insects. All sensilla directionally encoded the dynamics of force increases and showed hysteresis to transient force decreases. Smaller receptors exhibited more tonic firing. Our findings suggest that dynamic sensitivity in force feedback can modulate ongoing muscle activities to stabilize distal joints when large forces are generated at proximal joints. Furthermore, use of “naturalistic” stimuli can reproduce characteristics seen in freely moving animals that are absent in conventional restrained preparations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sensory encoding of forces during walking by campaniform sensilla was characterized in stick insects using waveforms of joint torques calculated by inverse dynamics as mechanical stimuli. Tests using the mean joint torque and torques of individual steps showed the system is highly sensitive to force dynamics (dF/dt). Use of “naturalistic” stimuli can reproduce characteristics of sensory discharges seen in freely walking insects, such as load transfer among legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha N Zill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Chris J Dallmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas S Szczecinski
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ansgar Büschges
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Schmitz
- Department of Biological Cybernetics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Abstract
Overuse pathologies are prevalent in ballet injury. Ten amateur ballet dancers (age: 23.20 ± 3.08 years) completed a progressive 5-stage choreographed routine on two consecutive days. Tri-axial accelerometers positioned at C7 and the dominant and non-dominant lower-limb were used to calculate accumulated PlayerLoadTM (PLTOTAL) and uni-axial contributions of the anterior-posterior (PLAP), medial-lateral (PLML), and vertical (PLV) planes. PLTOTAL increased significantly (p = 0.001) as a function of exercise duration within-trial, however there was no significant change between trials (p = 0.18). PLTOTAL at C7 was significantly (p = 0.001) lower than both lower-limbs, with no bilateral asymmetry evident (p = 0.97). Planar contributions to PLTOTAL were significantly greater in PLV than PLAP and PLML (p = 0.001). PlayerLoadTM demonstrated within-trial sensitivity to the progressive routine, however no residual fatigue effect was observed between trials. The results of this study suggest that accelerometers have efficacy in athlete monitoring and injury screening protocols, however unit placement should be considered for practical interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Nagy
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Chris Brogden
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Gabrielle Orr
- Department of Creative Arts, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Bian H, Kim H, Kholinne E, Sun Y, Kwak JM, Tan J. The contact area of the radiocapitellar joint under pronation and supination with axial load using a 3-dimensional computed tomography: an in vivo study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:1238-44. [PMID: 32950672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contact area of the radiocapitellar joint with forearm pronation and supination under axial loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six healthy volunteers (2 males and 4 females, mean age: 44.6 years) were included in the study. A computed tomography scan of the extended elbow joints was obtained at 4 positions of forearm: full pronation with or without load and full supination with or without load. Mimics, 3-matic Medical, Geomagic, and Photoshop were used to reconstruct 3-dimensional models. The contact area of the radiocapitellar joint was measured. Shifting of the center of the contact area of the radiocapitellar joint was measured. RESULTS The axial load added 8.6% and 10.5% contact area to pronation and supination without load, respectively. From pronation without load, the center of contact area significantly shifted 2.4 ± 1.1 mm anteromedially to supination without load and shifted by 1.0 ± 0.5 mm to the center of the radial head compared with the pronation with load. The center of the contact area significantly shifted 2.4 ± 1.5 mm anteromedially from the pronation to the supination under loading. The contact area of the tuberosity anterior in the radial head significantly increased by 14% (without load) and 8% (with load) from pronation to supination. CONCLUSION Axial loading increases the contact area of the radiocapitellar joint. The center of the contact area of the radiocapitellar joint changed according to loading and shifted to the anterior tuberosity of the radial head from forearm pronation to supination.
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Refalo MC, Hamilton DL, Paval DR, Gallagher IJ, Feros SA, Fyfe JJ. Influence of resistance training load on measures of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvements in maximal strength and neuromuscular task performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1723-1745. [PMID: 33874848 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined resistance training (RT) load effects on various muscle hypertrophy, strength, and neuromuscular performance task [e.g., countermovement jump (CMJ)] outcomes. Relevent studies comparing higher-load [>60% 1-repetition maximum (RM) or <15-RM] and lower-load (≤60% 1-RM or ≥ 15-RM) RT were identified, with 45 studies (from 4713 total) included in the meta-analysis. Higher- and lower-load RT induced similar muscle hypertrophy at the whole-body (lean/fat-free mass; [ES (95% CI) = 0.05 (-0.20 to 0.29), P = 0.70]), whole-muscle [ES = 0.06 (-0.11 to 0.24), P = 0.47], and muscle fibre [ES = 0.29 (-0.09 to 0.66), P = 0.13] levels. Higher-load RT further improved 1-RM [ES = 0.34 (0.15 to 0.52), P = 0.0003] and isometric [ES = 0.41 (0.07 to 0.76), P = 0.02] strength. The superiority of higher-load RT on 1-RM strength was greater in younger [ES = 0.34 (0.12 to 0.55), P = 0.002] versus older [ES = 0.20 (-0.00 to 0.41), P = 0.05] participants. Higher- and lower-load RT therefore induce similar muscle hypertrophy (at multiple physiological levels), while higher-load RT elicits superior 1-RM and isometric strength. The influence of RT loads on neuromuscular task performance is however unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Refalo
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - D Robert Paval
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon A Feros
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jackson J Fyfe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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