1
|
Viner BJ, Swindle A, Angelette L, Langan CJ, Kuhne WW. Evaluation of Deuterium Oxide Deposition Velocity over a Forest Environment. Health Phys 2024; 126:125-133. [PMID: 38011073 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Field experiments were performed to evaluate the deposition velocity of tritium oxide within a forest environment at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. Field releases were designed to guide selection of deposition velocity values for use in safety-basis modeling. Six releases of deuterium oxide were conducted in 2020 and 2021 with corresponding air samples during and following each release. Samples were analyzed to determine the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in water and converted to concentrations of deuterium in the air during the experiment. Measurements were compared to prior model simulations to evaluate model performance and deposition velocity estimates. Field releases demonstrated vertical and horizontal mixing of a plume in a forest. Predicted deposition velocities ranged from 2.4 to 5.4 cm s -1 on average. In all cases, model simulations underpredicted deuterium concentration by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, indicating the model does not sufficiently mix the plume into the forest. While the model underestimated the transfer of material downward through the forest, it does suggest that the model's estimates are conservative for making downwind dose estimates because of lower plume depletion, leading to higher concentration and dose estimates. While the field releases do not cover all possible meteorological conditions, we conclude it is appropriate to use a non-zero deposition velocity when performing safety-basis modeling of tritium oxide based on conservatism within the model. A recommendation of 1.0 cm s -1 as a deposition velocity is made, which is beyond the 95 th percentile value estimated from the prior modeling study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Viner
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 203 Laurens St SW, Aiken, SC 29802
| | - Ashlee Swindle
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 203 Laurens St SW, Aiken, SC 29802
| | - Lucas Angelette
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 203 Laurens St SW, Aiken, SC 29802
| | - Candace J Langan
- Loxo Oncology, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285 (formerly at Savannah River National Laboratory, 203 Laurens St SW, Aiken, SC 29802)
| | - Wendy W Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, 203 Laurens St SW, Aiken, SC 29802
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song KH, Ge X, Engelbach JA, Thio LL, Neil JJ, Ackerman JJH, Garbow JR. Subcutaneous deuterated substrate administration in mice: An alternative to tail vein infusion. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:681-686. [PMID: 37849055 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tail-vein catheterization and subsequent in-magnet infusion is a common route of administration of deuterium (2 H)-labeled substrates in small-animal deuterium (D) MR studies. With mice, because of the tail vein's small diameter, this procedure is challenging. It requires considerable personnel training and practice, is prone to failure, and may preclude serial studies. Motivated by the need for an alternative, the time courses for common small-molecule deuterated substrates and downstream metabolites in brain following subcutaneous infusion were determined in mice and are presented herein. METHODS Three 2 H-labeled substrates-[6,6-2 H2 ]glucose, [2 H3 ]acetate, and [3,4,4,4-2 H4 ]beta-hydroxybutyrate-and 2 H2 O were administered to mice in-magnet via subcutaneous catheter. Brain time courses of the substrates and downstream metabolites (and semi-heavy water) were determined via single-voxel DMRS. RESULTS Subcutaneous catheter placement and substrate administration was readily accomplished with limited personnel training. Substrates reached pseudo-steady state in brain within ∼30-40 min of bolus infusion. Time constants characterizing the appearance in brain of deuterated substrates or semi-heavy water following 2 H2 O administration were similar (∼15 min). CONCLUSION Administration of deuterated substrates via subcutaneous catheter for in vivo DMRS experiments with mice is robust, requires limited personnel training, and enables substantial dosing. It is suitable for metabolic studies where pseudo-steady state substrate administration/accumulation is sufficient. It is particularly advantageous for serial longitudinal studies over an extended period because it avoids inevitable damage to the tail vein following multiple catheterizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Song
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Engelbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Liu Lin Thio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Neil
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph J H Ackerman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of the Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of the Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jang H, Li Y, Wu S, Shi L. Super-Resolution Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy with Graphical User Interface-Supported A-PoD. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e970. [PMID: 38270527 PMCID: PMC10832363 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Raman microscopy is a vibrational imaging technology that can detect molecular chemical bond vibrational signals. Since this signal is originated from almost every vibrational mode of molecules with different vibrational energy levels, it provides spatiotemporal distribution of various molecules in living organisms without the need for any labeling. The limitations of low signal strength in Raman microscopy have been effectively addressed by incorporating a stimulated emission process, leading to the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Furthermore, the issue of low spatial resolution has been resolved through the application of computational techniques, specifically image deconvolution. In this article, we present a comprehensive guide to super-resolution SRS microscopy using an Adam-based pointillism deconvolution (A-PoD) algorithm, complemented by a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). We delve into the crucial parameters and conditions necessary for achieving super-resolved images through SRS imaging. Additionally, we provide a step-by-step walkthrough of the preprocessing steps and the use of GUI-supported A-PoD. This complete package offers a user-friendly platform for super-resolution SRS microscopy, enhancing the versatility and applicability of this advanced microscopy technique to reveal nanoscopic multimolecular nature. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Super-resolution stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with graphical user interface-supported A-PoD Support Protocol: Deuterium labeling on cells with heavy water for metabolic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongje Jang
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yajuan Li
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Shuang Wu
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salinas CM, Reichel E, Gupta A, Witte RS. Heavy water coupling gel for short-wave infrared photoacoustic imaging. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:116001. [PMID: 38078156 PMCID: PMC10704084 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.11.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Changes in lipid, water, and collagen (LWC) content in tissue are associated with numerous medical abnormalities (cancer, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease). Standard imaging modalities are limited in resolution, specificity, and/or penetration for quantifying these changes. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has the potential to overcome these challenges by exploiting the unique optical absorption properties of LWC > 1000 nm . Aim This study's aim is to harness SWIR PAI for mapping LWC changes in tissue. The focus lies in devising a reflection-mode PAI technique that surmounts current limitations related to SWIR light delivery. Approach To enhance light delivery for reflection-mode SWIR PAI, we designed a deuterium oxide (D 2 O , "heavy water") gelatin (HWG) interface for opto-acoustic coupling, intended to significantly improve light transmission above 1200 nm. Results HWG permits light delivery > 1 mJ up to 1850 nm, which was not possible with water-based coupling (> 1 mJ light delivery up to 1350 nm). PAI using the HWG interface and the Visualsonics Vevo LAZR-X reveals a signal increase up to 24 dB at 1720 nm in lipid-rich regions. Conclusions By overcoming barriers related to light penetration, the HWG coupling interface enables accurate quantification/monitoring of biomarkers like LWC using reflection-mode PAI. This technological stride offers potential for tracking changes in chronic diseases (in vivo) and evaluating their responses to therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Reichel
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Abhiman Gupta
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Russell S. Witte
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Medical Imaging, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao X, Yang H, Duley WW, Zheng S, Guo T, Zhou NY. Simple Self-Powered Sensor for the Detection of D 2O and Other Isotopologues of Liquid Water. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3973-3984. [PMID: 37725347 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing between heavy water and regular water has been a continuing challenge since these isotopologues of water have very similar physical and chemical properties. We report the development and evaluation of a simple, inexpensive sensor capable of detecting liquid D2O and other isotopologues of liquid water through the measurement of electrical signals generated from a nanoporous alumina film. This electrical output, consisting of a sharp voltage pulse followed by a separate broad voltage pulse, is present during the application of microliter volumes of liquid. The amplitude and temporal characteristics of these pulses have been combined to enable four diagnostic parameters for sensing D2O and H218O. The sensing mechanism is based on different modification effects on the alumina surface by H2O and D2O, spatially localized variations in the surface potential of alumina induced by isotopically substituted water molecules, combined with the effect of isotopic composition on charge transfer. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a sensing system has been developed that provides real-time detection of liquid D2O in a stand-alone system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanwen Yang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter W Duley
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Guo
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman Y Zhou
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osipenko S, Bashilov A, Vishnevskaya A, Rumiantseva L, Levashova A, Kovalenko A, Tupertsev B, Kireev A, Nikolaev E, Kostyukevich Y. Investigating the Metabolism of Plants Germinated in Heavy Water, D 2O, and H 218O-Enriched Media Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15396. [PMID: 37895078 PMCID: PMC10607710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has been an essential technique for the investigation of the metabolic pathways of living organisms since its appearance at the beginning of the 20th century. Due to its capability to resolve isotopically labeled species, it can be applied together with stable isotope tracers to reveal the transformation of particular biologically relevant molecules. However, low-resolution techniques, which were used for decades, had limited capabilities for untargeted metabolomics, especially when a large number of compounds are labelled simultaneously. Such untargeted studies may provide new information about metabolism and can be performed with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of high-resolution mass spectrometry to obtain insights on the metabolism of a model plant, Lepidium sativum, germinated in D2O and H218O-enriched media. In particular, we demonstrated that in vivo labeling with heavy water helps to identify if a compound is being synthesized at a particular stage of germination or if it originates from seed content, and tandem mass spectrometry allows us to highlight the substructures with incorporated isotope labels. Additionally, we found in vivo labeling useful to distinguish between isomeric compounds with identical fragmentation patterns due to the differences in their formation rates that can be compared by the extent of heavy atom incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Osipenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Anton Bashilov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Vishnevskaya
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Lidiia Rumiantseva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Anna Levashova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Anna Kovalenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Boris Tupertsev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Albert Kireev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| | - Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (A.K.); (B.T.); (A.K.); (E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afsari S, Mukherjee S, Halloran N, Ghirlanda G, Ryan E, Wang X, Lindsay S. Heavy Water Reduces the Electronic Conductance of Protein Wires via Deuteron Interactions with Aromatic Residues. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8907-8913. [PMID: 37772726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are versatile, self-assembling nanoelectronic components, but their hopping conductivity is expected to be influenced by solvent fluctuations. The role of the solvent was investigated by measuring the single molecule conductance of several proteins in both H2O and D2O. The conductance of a homologous series of protein wires decreases more rapidly with length in D2O, indicating a 6-fold decrease in carrier diffusion constant relative to the same protein in H2O. The effect was found to depend on the specific aromatic amino acid composition. A tryptophan zipper protein showed a decrease in conductance similar to that of the protein wires, whereas a phenylalanine zipper protein was insensitive to solvent changes. Tryptophan contains an indole amine, whereas the phenylalanine aromatic ring has no exchangeable protons, so the effect of heavy water on conductance is a consequence of specific D- or H-interactions with the aromatic residues.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia X, Ma J, Liu F, Cong H, Li X. A Novel Demulsifier with Strong Hydrogen Bonding for Effective Breaking of Water-in-Heavy Oil Emulsions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14805. [PMID: 37834251 PMCID: PMC10573199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the heavy petroleum industry, the development of efficient demulsifiers for the effective breaking of interfacially active asphaltenes (IAA)-stabilized water-in-heavy oil (W/HO) emulsions is a highly attractive but challenging goal. Herein, a novel nitrogen and oxygen containing demulsifier (JXGZ) with strong hydrogen bonding has been successfully synthesized through combining esterification, polymerization and amidation. Bottle tests indicated that JXGZ is effectual in quickly demulsifying the IAA-stabilized W/HO emulsions; complete dehydration (100%) to the emulsions could be achieved in 4 min at 55 °C using 400 ppm of JXGZ. In addition, the effects of demulsifier concentration, temperature and time on the demulsification performance of JXGZ are systematically analyzed. Demulsification mechanisms reveal that the excellent demulsification performance of JXGZ is attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding between JXGZ and water molecules (dual swords synergistic effect under hydrogen bond reconstruction). The interaction of the "dual swords synergistic effect" generated by two types of hydrogen bonds can quickly break the non-covalent interaction force (π-π stacking, Van der Waals force, hydrogen bonds) of IAA at the heavy oil-water interface, quickly promote the aggregation and coalescence of water molecules and finally achieve the demulsification of W/HO emulsions. These findings indicate that the JXGZ demulsifier shows engineering application prospects in the demulsification of heavy oil-water emulsions, and this work provides the key information for developing more efficient chemical demulsifiers suitable for large-scale industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.X.); (F.L.)
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.X.); (F.L.)
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.X.); (F.L.)
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haifeng Cong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (H.C.); (X.L.)
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (H.C.); (X.L.)
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deberneh HM, Abdelrahman DR, Verma SK, Linares JJ, Murton AJ, Russell WK, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Miller BF, Sadygov RG. A large-scale LC-MS dataset of murine liver proteome from time course of heavy water metabolic labeling. Sci Data 2023; 10:635. [PMID: 37726365 PMCID: PMC10509199 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stable isotope labeling with heavy water followed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful tool for in vivo protein turnover studies. Several algorithms and tools have been developed to determine the turnover rates of peptides and proteins from time-course stable isotope labeling experiments. The availability of benchmark mass spectrometry data is crucial to compare and validate the effectiveness of newly developed techniques and algorithms. In this work, we report a heavy water-labeled LC-MS dataset from the murine liver for protein turnover rate analysis. The dataset contains eighteen mass spectral data with their corresponding database search results from nine different labeling durations and quantification outputs from d2ome+ software. The dataset also contains eight mass spectral data from two-dimensional fractionation experiments on unlabeled samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henock M Deberneh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
| | - Doaa R Abdelrahman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Center of Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer J Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Center of Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Foundation, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng S, Huang S, Yang A, Muir ER. Imaging ocular water inflow in the mouse with deuterium oxide MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 101:47-53. [PMID: 36965834 PMCID: PMC11104035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal intraocular fluid flow or clearance is involved with a variety of eye diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but measurement of water exchange dynamics in the vitreous and aqueous remain challenging. 2H MRI can be used to image deuterium oxide (D₂O) as a tracer, but the signal-to-noise ratio for deuterium is low due to its low concentration, which has hampered its application to imaging the eye. To overcome this challenge, we investigated the feasibility of direct D2O MRI to measure water dynamics in the mouse eye. The balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence provided substantially higher signal-to-noise ratio for imaging D2O in fluid compared to standard gradient echo and spin echo sequences. bSSFP allowed dynamic imaging of intraocular water inflow in the mouse with 41 s temporal resolution. The inflow rate in the vitreous was found to be faster than in the aqueous. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo imaging of water inflow dynamics into the both the vitreous and aqueous in mice, which could be useful in studies of abnormal fluid exchange in rodent models of eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Deng
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alivia Yang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Eric R Muir
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Turner R, Mukherjee R, Wallace M, Sanchez-Gurmaches J. Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64219. [PMID: 37246886 PMCID: PMC10913692 DOI: 10.3791/64219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis is a complex and highly energy demanding metabolic pathway with important functional roles in the control of whole-body metabolic homeostasis and other physiological and pathological processes. Contrary to other key metabolic pathways, such as glucose disposal, fatty acid synthesis is not routinely functionally assessed, leading to incomplete interpretations of metabolic status. In addition, there is a lack of publicly available detailed protocols suitable for newcomers in the field. Here, we describe an inexpensive quantitative method utilizing deuterium oxide and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) for the analysis of total fatty acid de novo synthesis in brown adipose tissue in vivo. This method measures the synthesis of the products of fatty acid synthase independently of a carbon source, and it is potentially useful for virtually any tissue, in any mouse model, and under any external perturbation. Details on the sample preparation for GCMS and downstream calculations are provided. We focus on the analysis of brown fat due to its high levels of de novo fatty acid synthesis and critical roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Turner
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Martina Wallace
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin;
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nankar DP, Patra AK, Joshi CP, Chandrakar A, Saradhi IV, Kumar AV. Studies on diurnal variation of atmospheric tritium concentration at a sampling location near to PHWR site in Semi-Arid Zone, India. J Environ Radioact 2023; 261:107123. [PMID: 36750002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tritium (3H) is one of the important long-lived radioisotopes in the gaseous effluent released from Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR). For the first time, the studies on diurnal variation of atmospheric tritium concentration was carried out using an in-house developed automatic air moisture collection sampler at Kakrapar Gujarat site, India, where PHWRs are operational. Correlation of diurnal variation of atmospheric tritium concentration with meteorological parameters such as absolute humidity, ambient temperature and wind speed is studied and presented in this paper. Positive and significant correlation of atmospheric 3H concentration was observed with respect to the absolute humidity. Negative correlation was observed in ambient temperature and wind speed. The diurnal maximum and minimum of 3H concentration was found during 21.00-23.00 h (night) and 13.00-16.00 h (day), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Nankar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Environmental Studies Section, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Kakrapar Gujarat Site, P.O. Anumala, Surat District, Gujarat, 394651, India.
| | - A K Patra
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Environmental Studies Section, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Kakrapar Gujarat Site, P.O. Anumala, Surat District, Gujarat, 394651, India
| | - C P Joshi
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Environmental Studies Section, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Kakrapar Gujarat Site, P.O. Anumala, Surat District, Gujarat, 394651, India
| | - Amol Chandrakar
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Environmental Studies Section, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, BARC, Kakrapar Gujarat Site, P.O. Anumala, Surat District, Gujarat, 394651, India
| | - I V Saradhi
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division (EMAD), BARC, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - A Vinod Kumar
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division (EMAD), BARC, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deberneh HM, Sadygov RG. Retention Time Alignment for Protein Turnover Studies Using Heavy Water Metabolic Labeling. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:410-419. [PMID: 36692003 PMCID: PMC10233748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Retention time (RT) alignment has been important for robust protein identification and quantification in proteomics. In data-dependent acquisition mode, whereby the precursor ions are semistochastically chosen for fragmentation in MS/MS, the alignment is used in an approach termed matched between runs (MBR). MBR transfers peptides, which were fragmented and identified in one experiment, to a replicate experiment where they were not identified. Before the MBR transfer, the RTs of experiments are aligned to reduce the chance of erroneous transfers. Despite its widespread use in other areas of quantitative proteomics, RT alignment has not been applied in data analyses for protein turnover using an atom-based stable isotope-labeling agent such as metabolic labeling with deuterium oxide, D2O. Deuterium incorporation changes isotope profiles of intact peptides in full scans and their fragment ions in tandem mass spectra. It reduces the peptide identification rates in current database search engines. Therefore, the MBR becomes more important. Here, we report on an approach to incorporate RT alignment with peptide quantification in studies of proteome turnover using heavy water metabolic labeling and LC-MS. The RT alignment uses correlation-optimized time warping. The alignment, followed by the MBR, improves labeling time point coverage, especially for long labeling durations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henock M. Deberneh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University of Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Rovshan G. Sadygov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University of Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mostajabi Sarhangi S, Matyushov DV. Effect of Water Deuteration on Protein Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:723-729. [PMID: 36648391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional theories of long-range protein electron transfer describe the reaction rate in terms of the tunneling distance and the reaction free energy. They do not recognize two physical effects: (i) local wetting of the active site by hydration water and (ii) protein identity affecting the rate through dynamics and flexibility. We find, by molecular dynamics simulations, a significant, ∼25 times, slowing down of the rate of protein electron transfer upon deuteration. H/D substitution changes the rate constant pre-exponential factor in the regime of electron transfer controlled by medium dynamics. Switching from light to heavy water increases the effective medium relaxation time. The effect is caused by both a global change in the flexibility of the protein backbone and locally stronger hydrogen bonds to charged residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setare Mostajabi Sarhangi
- School of Molecular Sciences and Department of Physics, Arizona State University, PO Box 871504, Tempe, Arizona85287-1504, United States
| | - Dmitry V Matyushov
- School of Molecular Sciences and Department of Physics, Arizona State University, PO Box 871504, Tempe, Arizona85287-1504, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ben Abu N, Ben Shoshan-Galeczki Y, Malach E, Y Niv M. The T1R3 subunit of the sweet taste receptor is activated by D2O in transmembrane domain-dependent manner. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad032. [PMID: 37589415 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) is water in which the heavier and rare isotope deuterium replaces both hydrogens. We have previously shown that D2O has a distinctly sweet taste, mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. Here, we explore the effect of heavy water on T1R2 and T1R3 subunits. We show that D2O activates T1R3-transfected HEK293T cells similarly to T1R2/T1R3-transfected cells. The response to glucose dissolved in D2O is higher than in water. Mutations of phenylalanine at position 7305.40 in the transmembrane domain of T1R3 to alanine, leucine, or tyrosine impair or diminish activation by D2O, suggesting a critical role for T1R3 TMD domain in relaying the heavy water signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ben Abu
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Ben Shoshan-Galeczki
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Einav Malach
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He C, Wang X, Shui A, Zhou X, Liu S. Is the virus-laden standing water change the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 after precipitation? A framework for empirical studies. Environ Res 2022; 215:114127. [PMID: 36041541 PMCID: PMC9419435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 is significant for combating COVID-19 in the wet season. However, the causes for the variation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission intensity after precipitation is unclear. Starting from "the Zhengzhou event," we found that the virus-laden standing water formed after precipitation might trigger some additional routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and thus change the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2. Then, we developed an interdisciplinary framework to examine whether the health risk related to the virus-laden standing water needs to be a concern. The framework enables the comparison of the instant and lag effects of precipitation on the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 between city clusters with different formation risks of the virus-laden standing water. Based on the city-level data of China between January 01, 2020, and December 31, 2021, we conducted an empirical study. The result showed that in the cities with a high formation risk of the virus-laden standing water, heavy rain increased the instant transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 by 6.2% (95%CI: 4.85-10.2%), while in the other cities, precipitation was uninfluential to SARS-CoV-2 transmission, revealing that the health risk of the virus-laden standing water should not be underestimated during the COVID-19 pandemic. To reduce the relevant risk, virus-laden water control and proper disinfection are feasible response strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu He
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ailun Shui
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bharath, Arya Krishnan K, D'Souza RS, Rashmi Nayak S, Dileep BN, Ravi PM, Mangavi SS, Salunke GS, Veerendra D, Karunakara N. Carbon-14 emission from the pressurized heavy water reactor nuclear power plant at Kaiga, India. J Environ Radioact 2022; 255:107006. [PMID: 36162146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This is a detailed study on oxide (CO2) and reduced (hydrocarbons, CnHm) forms of 14C releases through gaseous effluents from the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), on the West Coast of India, where 4 × 220 MW(e) pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) are operating. The gaseous effluent from the common stack of reactor units 3 and 4 (each of 220 MW(e)) was sampled from 2017 to 2020 for 14C activity monitoring and analysed for 14C activity by liquid scintillation counting. The normalized release rate corresponding to the four-year monitoring period had a geometric mean value of 0.12 TBq GW(e)-1 a-1 (geometric standard deviation = 7.4), and the arithmetic mean with associated standard deviation was 0.75 ± 1.47 TBq GW(e)-1 a-1. The relative percentage contribution of reduced form (CH4) of 14C species was less than 1.27% of the total release. The normalized release rate from Kaiga NPP was similar to those reported for the other PHWR NPPs of the world. The 14C specific activity in the ambient air in the vicinity of the NPP was monitored at four locations. The maximum excess 14C activity values in the ambient air in the vicinity of the NPP, evaluated by comparing the specific activity recorded for the clean air region at ∼300 km from the NPP, were 65.1 Bq kg-1C (28.76 pMC) and 222.4 Bq kg-1C (98.23 pMC) for the years 2019 and 2020 respectively. In addition, the release rates were calculated from the Gaussian plume model using site-specific atmospheric dilution factors and the excess 14C specific activity measured at four off-site monitoring stations. The calculated values of release rates were in agreement (within a factor of ∼3) with the measured values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - K Arya Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - B N Dileep
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S S Mangavi
- Health Physics Unit, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - G S Salunke
- Chemistry Control Laboratory, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - D Veerendra
- Health Physics Unit, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morón Á, Martín-González A, Díaz S, Gutiérrez JC, Amaro F. Autophagy and lipid droplets are a defense mechanism against toxic copper oxide nanotubes in the eukaryotic microbial model Tetrahymena thermophila. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157580. [PMID: 35882336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of inorganic nanomaterials of anthropogenic origin has significantly increased in the last decade, being now considered as emerging pollutants. This makes it necessary to carry out studies to further understand their toxicity and interactions with cells. In the present work we analyzed the toxicity of CuO nanotubes (CuONT) in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a eukaryotic unicellular model with animal biology. CuONT exposure rapidly induced ROS generation in the cell leading to oxidative stress and upregulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), metal-chelating metallothioneins and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Comet assays and overexpression of genes involved in DNA repair confirmed oxidative DNA damage in CuONT-treated cells. Remarkably, both electron and fluorescent microscopy revealed numerous lipid droplets and autophagosomes containing CuONT aggregates and damaged mitochondria, indicating activation of macroautophagy, which was further confirmed by a dramatic upregulation of ATG (AuTophaGy related) genes. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors significantly increased CuONT toxicity, evidencing the protective role of autophagy towards CuONT-induced damage. Moreover, increased formation of lipid droplets appears as an additional mechanism of CuONT detoxification. Based on these results, we present a hypothetical scenario summarizing how T. thermophila responds to CuONT toxicity. This study corroborates the use of this ciliate as an excellent eukaryotic microbial model for analyzing the cellular response to stress caused by toxic metal nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Morón
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Amaro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodrigo MA, Puche E, Carabal N, Armenta S, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Jiménez J, Juan F. Two constructed wetlands within a Mediterranean natural park immersed in an agrolandscape reduce most heavy metal water concentrations and dampen the majority of pesticide presence. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:79478-79496. [PMID: 35710973 PMCID: PMC9587099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water concentrations of 12 heavy and other metals/metalloids were analyzed seasonally along two horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) (Tancat Mília-TM and Tancat l'Illa-TLI) located within the Mediterranean Albufera de València Natural Park during 2020-2021. A wide-scope screening of pesticides present in waters was also performed. The two CWs were created to improve water quality and increase biodiversity. They currently receive effluent waters from two different tertiary-treatment wastewater plants, and the water flows along the CWs before being discharged into the main lagoon and a smaller lagoon in TM and TLI, respectively. TLI manages to reduce (Mn) or maintain the concentration of most of the studied elements (Zn, Ni, Hg, Cr, Fe Cd, Cu) at the same level as outside (67%). Only Al, Pb, B, and As remain at a higher concentration. TM also reduces Zn and Cu and keeps the concentration of Cr, Cd, and Hg (representing 42%). Al, Pb, B, and As remain at higher concentrations, as in TLI, but Ni, Fe, and Mn are also at higher concentrations. Although both CWs vary in their ability to remove elements, no risks to human health or the environment have been detected due to the low metal concentration in their outlets, all of them (except Hg) below the legal limits for environmental quality in the European Union. With the detection of 71 compounds in water in each CW area (26 herbicides, 26 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TLI, and 29 herbicides, 23 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TM), we also provide evidence of the impact of pesticides, which depends on the application method (helicopter, tractor), originated from areas with high agricultural pressure (chiefly rice crops) on systems (mainly TM) created to preserve biodiversity. Nevertheless, both systems provide crucial environmental services in water quality in this agrolandscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Rodrigo
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
| | - Eric Puche
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuria Carabal
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Javier Jiménez
- Hidraqua Gestión Integral de Aguas de Levante, S.A. Carrer de Sant Sebastià, 12 Alfafar, 46910, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Juan
- Aguas de Las Cuencas Mediterráneas, S.A. (ACUAMED), Pasaje Doctor Serra 2, 3º planta, 46004, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang X, Xiao F, Zhou S, Zhang Q, Qiu L, Wang L. Study on the performance of sewage sludge biochar modified by nZVI to remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) in water. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:1821-1834. [PMID: 36240314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to simultaneously dispose of sludge and wastewater containing heavy metals, sludge biochar loaded with nano zero-valent-iron (nZVI) was prepared at 700 °C (nBC700) to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The results showed the removal capacity of biochar was greatly improved by loading nZVI, and the adsorption capacities of biochar for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) increased by 251.96% and 205.18%. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Sips isotherm models were fitted to the removal processes. Intraparticle diffusion models showed the removal process was controlled by surface diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Competitive experiments showed Cr(VI) can compete with Cu(II) for active sites, but Cr(VI) was more easily removed by nBC700 through cation bridge. The removal mechanism illustrated removing Cu(II) mainly depended on complex precipitation, followed by reduction reaction, while Cr(VI) was on the contrary. This work provided effective data for sludge disposal and heavy metal removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Kang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China E-mail:
| | - Feiyu Xiao
- Jiangsu Qiyu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sihai Zhou
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China E-mail:
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China E-mail:
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Changzhou Cheff Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olaizola AM, Kuis R, Johnson A, Kingsley D. Stimulated Raman generation of aqueous singlet oxygen without photosensitizers. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 235:112562. [PMID: 36095974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is traditionally produced via photosensitizer molecules such as methylene blue, which function as catalysts. Here we investigate stimulated Raman generation of singlet oxygen from dissolved oxygen in both water (H2O) and heavy water (D2O) using nanosecond-pulsed visible blue laser light in the 400-440 nm spectral region without singlet oxygen photosensitizers. We report an oxygen-dependent Stokes peak in the red spectrum (600-670 nm) that is identical when produced in H2O and D2O. These red Stokes photons are not detected when an oxygen quencher is present. Temporal photodepletion of the uric acid absorbance peak at 294 nm is consistent with singlet oxygen generation. We postulate that a two-photon stimulated Raman process produces singlet oxygen from O2 dissolved within the solvents. We note that the energy difference between input and output photons of 0.97 eV is precisely the energy needed to excite O2 to its singlet state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Marcano Olaizola
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delaware State University, 1200 North DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
| | - Robinson Kuis
- Center for Advanced Studies in Photonics Research, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Center for Advanced Studies in Photonics Research, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
| | - David Kingsley
- Residue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, US Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Delaware State University, 1200 North DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang C, Liu Y, Wang L, Lu F. Interaction between Heavy Water and Single-Strand DNA: A SERS Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186023. [PMID: 36144761 PMCID: PMC9505314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of biological macromolecules change due to intermolecular deuterium bond formation or deuterium substitution with environmental D2O. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to detect interaction sites between D2O and ssDNA and their action mechanisms. SERS peaks of ssDNA changed with increasing D2O proportions, and the site of action mainly involved A and G bases, whose number strengthened the interaction between sequences and D2O and hence the SERS peak intensities. Fixing the number of A and G bases prevented changes in their positions from significantly altering the map. We also identified the interaction between ssDNA sequences that easily formed a G-quadruplex structure and D2O. The amplitude of the SERS peak intensity change reflected the ssDNA structural stability and number of active sites. These findings are highly significant for exploring genetic exchanges and mutations and could be used to determine the stability and structural changes of biological macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lianghua Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tani T, Nagai M. RETENTION OF ORGANICALLY BOUND DEUTERIUM IN GRASS PLANTS EXPOSED TO HEAVY WATER VAPOUR AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:886-890. [PMID: 36083732 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potted timothy grass plants were exposed to heavy water (HDO) vapour at seven different periods during the third growth of harvestable shoots (the part 5-cm above the ground surface), and the concentration of non-exchangeable organically bound deuterium (NE-OBD) was measured in harvestable shoots, stubbles and roots at the third harvest. The excess concentration of NE-OBD was obtained as an increase in the concentration of NE-OBD against the background level. On average, this value was 1.8- to 2.6-fold higher in the harvestable shoots than in the stubble for plants exposed to HDO vapour during the period when the harvestable shoots grew faster than the stubble. Our results suggest that the separation of harvestable shoots and stubble, both of which are generally combined as one part in studies on the metabolism of organically bound tritium (OBT) in grass, could contribute to a realistic evaluation of OBT transfer from timothy to livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tani
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212 Japan
| | - Masaru Nagai
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Lu Y, Xu Z. Emission of PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and heavy metals in air, water and soil around a waste plastic recycling factory in an industrial park, Eastern China. Chemosphere 2022; 294:133734. [PMID: 35085613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental information in recovery of waste plastic in a certificated factory in industrial park in Eastern China is provided in this paper. The process involves raw material storage, washing, closed crushing, closed regeneration, product storage, and waste storage. Particulate matters, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyis (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) emitted from the production process are analyzed. A total of 25 atmospheric samples, 6 soil samples, and 2 water samples are sampled in and around the factory. The following conclusions could be concluded: (1) the concentrations of Cu and Pb are significantly higher than that of Ni, Cr and Cd in total suspended particulate matters; (2) PHE, DghiP, NAP and FLA are the main PAHs components in the air; PHE, FLA, DghiP, NAP, and PYR are the main congeners of PAHs in both washing wastewater and surface water; PHE, NAP, FLA, and CHR are the major congeners in the soil samples; (3) PCB-18, PCB-17 and PCB-31,28 are the main congeners in the air samples; PCB-70 and PCB-110 are the main congeners in soil samples; PCB-49 and PCB-52 are the main congeners in both surface water and washing wastewater; (4) DBDPE and BDE-209 are the main congeners for the all air, water and soil samples. Washing process and crushing process are identified as the main sources of all the above pollutants releases, and management strategies are provided to reduce the pollutants emission and the environmental hazardous caused by the waste plastic recovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Jiangxi Green Recycling Co., Ltd., Fengcheng, Jiangxi, 331100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, And Sichuan Provincial Engineering Lab of Non-metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-value Utilization, And School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, And Sichuan Provincial Engineering Lab of Non-metallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-value Utilization, And School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu X, Shi L, Shi L, Wei M, Zhao Z, Min W. Towards Mapping Mouse Metabolic Tissue Atlas by Mid-Infrared Imaging with Heavy Water Labeling. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105437. [PMID: 35319171 PMCID: PMC9131428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolism is of great significance to decipher various physiological and pathogenic processes. While great progress has been made to profile gene expression, how to capture organ-, tissue-, and cell-type-specific metabolic profile (i.e., metabolic tissue atlas) in complex mammalian systems is lagging behind, largely owing to the lack of metabolic imaging tools with high resolution and high throughput. Here, the authors applied mid-infrared imaging coupled with heavy water (D2 O) metabolic labeling to a scope of mouse organs and tissues. The premise is that, as D2 O participates in the biosynthesis of various macromolecules, the resulting broad C-D vibrational spectrum should interrogate a wide range of metabolic pathways. Applying multivariate analysis to the C-D spectrum, the authors successfully identified both inter-organ and intra-tissue metabolic signatures of mice. A large-scale metabolic atlas map between different organs from the same mice is thus generated. Moreover, leveraging the power of unsupervised clustering methods, spatially-resolved metabolic signatures of brain tissues are discovered, revealing tissue and cell-type specific metabolic profile in situ. As a demonstration of this technique, the authors captured metabolic changes during brain development and characterized intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity of glioblastoma. Altogether, the integrated platform paves a way to map the metabolic tissue atlas for complex mammalian systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liu
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Lixue Shi
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Mian Wei
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Zhilun Zhao
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pauwaert K, Bodé S, Alwis US, Mylle T, Boeckx P, Delanghe J, Everaert K, Roggeman S. Observing the water handling in humans to resolve the role of the interstitium: preliminary results of the usability of deuterium oxide and bio-impedance analysis - a pilot analysis. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2022; 58:99-110. [PMID: 35072572 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2026349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the relevance of using deuterium oxide (2H2O) and bio-impedance analysis (BIA) to assess size and function of the interstitium for urological research. Nineteen volunteers were recruited to this prospective trial combining ingestion of 2H2O and BIA. Blood samples were obtained every 10 min after ingestion of 2H2O. Urine was collected before and after the experiment. BIA was performed every 5 min. Body position was alternated to study the effect on fluid distribution. First order kinetics were assumed for the uptake of 2H2O from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood. Sex seemed to have an influence with a significantly slower exchange for women (p = 0.041, men: 0.052 min-1, women: 0.038 min-1). Impedance measured in legs (men: p = 0.012, women: p = 0.008) and trunk (both p < 0.001) decreased significantly with posture change. These changes probably reflect the orthostatic redistribution of fluid with an increase of fluid in both trunk and legs. Both methods were tested and found to be useful for further urological research. Significant gender differences in 2H2O uptake dynamics from the gastrointestinal pool were observed. An impact of posture changes on the electrical impedance measured was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pauwaert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Toon Mylle
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Roggeman
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olaniyi OO, Li H, Zhu Y, Cui L. Metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to multiple antibiotics via heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:394-402. [PMID: 34963547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of maggots derived from chicken faeces as fish diets might serve as a vehicle for the widespread of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. Heavy water labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy (D2O-Raman) was applied to detect the metabolic responses of indigenous bacteria in chicken faeces and maggots to different concentrations of combined colistin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. By incubating the samples with D2O and antibiotics, metabolically active bacterial cells to antibiotics were distinguished from those inactive by the exhibition of C-D Raman band. Using the C-D band as a universal metabolic biomarker, 96% and 100% of cells in chicken faeces and maggots were revealed to be metabolically active to 1 × minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the afore-mentioned antibiotics. A noticeable decrease in the percentage of active cells from 96% to 76% in faeces and 100% to 93% in maggots was observed at 5 × MIC of antibiotics. However, these ratios were still far above that obtained from the same faeces (1.84%) and maggots (0.51%) samples using a cultivation method, indicating the wide presence of nongrowing but metabolically active bacterial cells under antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, the culture-independent D2O-Raman approach detected and quantified a large portion of metabolically active indigenous bacteria to multiple antibiotics in their native environments, illustrating the great potential risks of these active cells to spread antibiotic resistance via food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladipo Oladiti Olaniyi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sarojini G, Venkateshbabu S, Rajasimman M. Facile synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole - iron oxide - seaweed (PPy-Fe 3O 4-SW) nanocomposite and its exploration for adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from heavy metal bearing water. Chemosphere 2021; 278:130400. [PMID: 33819882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widely used heavy metal which is highly toxic to kidney, nervous system and reproductive system. A special featured polypyrrole based adsorbent, with admirable salinity confrontation, environmental stability and reusability, was engaged to remove lead ions from aqueous solution. The advantages of using polypyrrole based adsorbent for heavy metal removal are: ease of synthesis, biocompatibility and high metal selectivity. In this study, polypyrrole - iron oxide - seaweed nanocomposite was proposed to remove lead ions from aqueous solution. A new method was adopted for the synthesis of polypyrrole - iron oxide - seaweed nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was prepared within a short time using ultra-assisted polymerization technique. The synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and zeta potential analysis. The adsorption capability of polypyrrole - iron oxide - seaweed nanocomposite towards lead was explored. The influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, metal ion concentration and recyclability were investigated. The optimum condition of these parameters was found to be: pH- 5, temperature - 40 °C, initial concentration - 100 mg/L and contact time - 20 min and the results showed that the hybrid composite adsorbed 97.25% Pb (II). Different isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R models were also studied for the adsorption of Pb ions. The kinetics of the adsorption process was examined by I order, II order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models. The mechanism of lead adsorption onto the nanocomposite was also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samikannu Venkateshbabu
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, JCT College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu Y, Lunter DJ. Tracking heavy-water-incorporated confocal Raman spectroscopy for evaluating the effects of PEGylated emulsifiers on skin barrier. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e202000286. [PMID: 32975040 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The class of PEGylated emulsifiers finds broad application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. We target on one of the categories of polyethylene glycol (PEG) alkyl ethers with different lipophilic and hydrophilic chain length and aim to examine their effects on the skin comprehensively. In this study, we employed confocal Raman spectroscopy for skin depth profiling and imaging. A unique probe of heavy water (D2 O) was incorporated, which can be tracked percutaneously and simultaneously monitor the effects caused by emulsifiers. According to the results, most of the PEGylated emulsifiers caused changes in skin lipid content/organization and induced the alteration in relative water content/hydrogen bonding structure. The results obtained from the depth profiling analysis provided the possibility to estimate the least penetration depth of emulsifiers. Among them, PEG-20 ethers displayed the most penetration ability. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that the treatment of emulsifiers also affected the spatial distribution of D2 O whose differences were in line with the molecular skin variations. In particular, the isotopic H/D substitution in the skin was highlighted in detail. This result supports the possibility to use D2 O as an excellent and cost-effective probe to evaluate the skin barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominique Jasmin Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharma K, Palatinszky M, Nikolov G, Berry D, Shank EA. Transparent soil microcosms for live-cell imaging and non-destructive stable isotope probing of soil microorganisms. eLife 2020; 9:e56275. [PMID: 33140722 PMCID: PMC7609051 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microscale processes are critically important to soil ecology and biogeochemistry yet are difficult to study due to soil's opacity and complexity. To advance the study of soil processes, we constructed transparent soil microcosms that enable the visualization of microbes via fluorescence microscopy and the non-destructive measurement of microbial activity and carbon uptake in situ via Raman microspectroscopy. We assessed the polymer Nafion and the crystal cryolite as optically transparent soil substrates. We demonstrated that both substrates enable the growth, maintenance, and visualization of microbial cells in three dimensions over time, and are compatible with stable isotope probing using Raman. We applied this system to ascertain that after a dry-down/rewetting cycle, bacteria on and near dead fungal hyphae were more metabolically active than those far from hyphae. These data underscore the impact fungi have facilitating bacterial survival in fluctuating conditions and how these microcosms can yield insights into microscale microbial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Márton Palatinszky
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georgi Nikolov
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Elizabeth A Shank
- Department of Biology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cravalho CKL, Meyers AG, Mabundo LS, Courville A, Yang S, Cai H, Dai Y, Walter M, Walter PJ, Sharma S, Chacko S, Cogen F, Magge SN, Haymond MW, Chung ST. Metformin improves blood glucose by increasing incretins independent of changes in gluconeogenesis in youth with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2194-2204. [PMID: 32728891 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metformin is the only approved oral agent for youth with type 2 diabetes but its mechanism of action remains controversial. Recent data in adults suggest a primary role for the enteroinsular pathway, but there are no data in youth, in whom metformin efficacy is only ~50%. Our objectives were to compare incretin concentrations and rates of glucose production and gluconeogenesis in youth with type 2 diabetes before and after short-term metformin therapy compared with peers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS This is a case-control observational study in youth with type 2 diabetes who were not on metformin (n = 18) compared with youth with NGT (n = 10) who were evaluated with a 2 day protocol. A 75 g OGTT was administered to measure intact glucagon-like 1 peptide (iGLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and peptide YY (PYY). Insulinogenic index (IGI) and whole-body insulin sensitivity were calculated using glucose and insulin levels from the OGTT. Basal rates of gluconeogenesis (2H2O), glucose production ([6,6-2H2]glucose) and whole-body lipolysis ([2H5]glycerol) were measured after an overnight fast on study day 2. Youth with type 2 diabetes (n = 9) were subsequently evaluated with an identical 2 day protocol after 3 months on the metformin study. RESULTS Compared with individuals with NGT, those with type 2 diabetes had higher fasting (7.8 ± 2.5 vs 5.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l, mean ± SD p = 0.002) and 2 h glucose concentrations (13.8 ± 4.5 vs 5.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.001), higher rates of absolute gluconeogenesis (10.0 ± 1.7 vs 7.2 ± 1.1 μmol [kg fat-free mass (FFM)]-1 min-1, p < 0.001) and whole-body lipolysis (5.2 ± 0.9 vs 4.0 ± 1.4 μmol kgFFM-1 min-1, p < 0.01), but lower fasting iGLP-1 concentrations (0.5 ± 0.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.7 pmol/l, p < 0.01). Metformin decreased 2 h glucose (pre metformin 11.4 ± 2.8 vs post metformin 9.9 ± 1.9 mmol/l, p = 0.04) and was associated with ~20-50% increase in IGI (median [25th-75th percentile] pre 1.39 [0.89-1.47] vs post 1.43 [0.88-2.70], p = 0.04), fasting iGLP-1 (pre 0.3 ± 0.2 vs post 1.0 ± 0.7 pmol/l, p = 0.02), 2 h iGLP (pre 0.4 ± 0.2 vs post 1.2 ± 0.9 pmol/l, p = 0.06), fasting PYY (pre 6.3 ± 2.2 vs post 10.5 ± 4.3 pmol/l, p < 0.01) and 2 h PYY (pre 6.6 ± 2.9 vs post 9.0 ± 4.0 pmol/l, p < 0.01). There was no change in BMI, insulin sensitivity or GIP concentrations pre vs post metformin. There were no differences pre vs post metformin in rates of glucose production (15.0 ± 3.9 vs 14.9 ± 2.2 μmol kgFFM-1 min-1, p = 0.84), absolute gluconeogenesis (9.9 ± 1.8 vs 9.7 ± 1.7 μmol kgFFM-1 min-1, p = 0.76) or whole-body lipolysis (5.0 ± 0.7 vs 5.3 ± 1.3 μmol kgFFM-1 min-1, p = 0.20). Post metformin iGLP-1 and PYY concentrations in youth with type 2 diabetes were comparable to levels in youth with NGT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Overall, the improved postprandial blood glucose levels and increase in incretins observed in the absence of changes in insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis, support an enteroinsular mechanistic pathway in youth with type 2 diabetes treated with short-term metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K L Cravalho
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abby G Meyers
- National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lilian S Mabundo
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber Courville
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shanna Yang
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuhai Dai
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter J Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Sharma
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shaji Chacko
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fran Cogen
- Children's National Health Systems, Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morey W Haymond
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Bld 10-CRC, RM 5-3671, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mantha OL, Huneau JF, Mathé V, Hermier D, Khodorova N, Mariotti F, Fouillet H. Differential changes to splanchnic and peripheral protein metabolism during the diet-induced development of metabolic syndrome in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E175-E186. [PMID: 32459526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00061.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) on protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism. During this study, we took advantage of the variability in interindividual susceptibility to high fat diet-induced MS to study the relationships between MS, protein synthesis, and AA catabolism in multiple tissues in rats. After 4 mo of high-fat feeding, an MS score (ZMS) was calculated as the average of the z-scores for individual MS components [weight, adiposities, homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides]. In the small intestine, liver, plasma, kidneys, heart, and muscles, tissue protein synthesis was measured by 2H2O labeling, and we evaluated the proportion of tissue AA catabolism (relative to protein synthesis) and nutrient routing to nonindispensable AAs in tissue proteins using natural nitrogen and carbon isotopic distances between tissue proteins and nutrients (Δ15N and Δ13C), respectively. In the liver, protein mass and synthesis increased, whereas the proportion of AA catabolism decreased with ZMS. By contrast, in muscles, we found no association between ZMS and protein mass, protein synthesis (except for a weak positive association in the gastrocnemius muscle only), and proportion of AA catabolism. The development of MS was also associated with altered metabolic flexibility and fatty acid oxidation, as shown by less routing of dietary lipids to nonindispensable AA synthesis in liver and muscle. In conclusion, MS development is associated with a greater gain of both fat and protein masses, with higher protein anabolism that mainly occurs in the liver, whereas muscles probably develop anabolic resistance due to insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O L Mantha
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - J-F Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - V Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - F Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - H Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Farrash W, Brook M, Crossland H, Phillips BE, Cegielski J, Wilkinson DJ, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Cleasby M, Atherton PJ. Impacts of rat hindlimb Fndc5/irisin overexpression on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E943-E955. [PMID: 32369414 PMCID: PMC7311674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myokines, such as irisin, have been purported to exert physiological effects on skeletal muscle in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of in vivo fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5)/irisin upregulation in muscle. Overexpression (OE) of Fndc5 in rat hindlimb muscle was achieved by in vivo electrotransfer, i.e., bilateral injections of Fndc5 harboring vectors for OE rats (n = 8) and empty vector for control rats (n = 8). Seven days later, a bolus of D2O (7.2 mL/kg) was administered via oral gavage to quantify muscle protein synthesis. After an overnight fast, on day 9, 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (2-DG6P; 6 mg/kg) was provided during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (2 g/kg) to assess glucose handling. Animals were euthanized, musculus tibialis cranialis muscles and subcutaneous fat (inguinal) were harvested, and metabolic and molecular effects were evaluated. Muscle Fndc5 mRNA increased with OE (~2-fold; P = 0.014), leading to increased circulating irisin (1.5 ± 0.9 to 3.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P = 0.049). OE had no effect on protein anabolism or mitochondrial biogenesis; however, muscle glycogen was increased, along with glycogen synthase 1 gene expression (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). In addition to an increase in glycogen synthase activation in OE (P = 0.03), there was a tendency toward increased glucose transporter 4 protein (P = 0.09). However, glucose uptake (accumulation of 2-DG6P) was identical. Irisin elicited no endocrine effect on mitochondrial biogenesis or uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. Hindlimb overexpression led to physiological increases in Fndc5/irisin. However, our data indicate limited short-term impacts of irisin in relation to muscle anabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, or adipose remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Farrash
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Brook
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - H Crossland
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - B E Phillips
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - J Cegielski
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D Constantin-Teodosiu
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - P L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - M Cleasby
- Molecular Physiology of Diabetes Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P J Atherton
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The use of deuterium oxide (D2O) has greatly expanded the scope of what is possible for the measurement of protein synthesis. The greatest asset of D2O labeling is that it facilitates the measurement of synthesis rates over prolonged periods of time from single proteins through integrated tissue-based measurements. Because the ease of administration, the method is amenable for use in a variety of models and conditions. Although the method adheres to the same rules as other isotope methods, the flexibility can create conditions that are not the same as other approaches and thus requires careful execution to maintain validity and reliability. For this CORP article, we provide a history that gave rise to the method and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the method, the critical assumptions, guidelines, and best practices based on instrumentation, models, and experimental design. The goal of this CORP article is to propagate additional use of D2O in a manner that produces reliable and valid data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Justin J Reid
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John C Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Hsien-Jung L Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paluchova V, Oseeva M, Brezinova M, Cajka T, Bardova K, Adamcova K, Zacek P, Brejchova K, Balas L, Chodounska H, Kudova E, Schreiber R, Zechner R, Durand T, Rossmeisl M, Abumrad NA, Kopecky J, Kuda O. Lipokine 5-PAHSA Is Regulated by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Primes Adipocytes for De Novo Lipogenesis in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:300-312. [PMID: 31806624 PMCID: PMC7118252 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Branched esters of palmitic acid and hydroxystearic acid (PAHSA) are anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic lipokines that connect glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to characterize involvement of the 5-PAHSA regioisomer in the adaptive metabolic response of white adipose tissue (WAT) to cold exposure (CE) in mice, exploring the cross talk between glucose utilization and lipid metabolism. CE promoted local production of 5- and 9-PAHSAs in WAT. Metabolic labeling of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) using 2H2O revealed that 5-PAHSA potentiated the effects of CE and stimulated triacylglycerol (TAG)/fatty acid (FA) cycling in WAT through impacting lipogenesis and lipolysis. Adipocyte lipolytic products were altered by 5-PAHSA through selective FA re-esterification. The impaired lipolysis in global adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) knockout mice reduced free PAHSA levels and uncovered a metabolite reservoir of TAG-bound PAHSAs (TAG estolides) in WAT. Utilization of 13C isotope tracers and dynamic metabolomics documented that 5-PAHSA primes adipocytes for glucose metabolism in a different way from insulin, promoting DNL and impeding TAG synthesis. In summary, our data reveal new cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of 5-PAHSA and its relation to insulin action in adipocytes and independently confirm a PAHSA metabolite reservoir linked to ATGL-mediated lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Oseeva
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zacek
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Division BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, and Faculté de Pharmacie, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Chodounska
- Neurosteroids, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Neurosteroids, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, and Faculté de Pharmacie, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adom T, Kengne AP, De Villiers A, Boatin R, Puoane T. Diagnostic Accuracy of Body Mass Index in Defining Childhood Obesity: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from Ghanaian Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010036. [PMID: 31861542 PMCID: PMC6981394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Screening methods for childhood obesity are based largely on the published body mass index (BMI) criteria. Nonetheless, their accuracy in African children is largely unknown. The diagnostic accuracies of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) BMI-based criteria in defining obesity using deuterium dilution as a criterion method in a sample of Ghanaian children are presented. Methods: Data on anthropometric indices and percent body fat were collected from 183 children aged 8–11 years. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. The overall performance of the BMI criteria was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC). Results: Overall sensitivity of WHO, CDC, and IOTF were 59.4% (40.6–76.3), 53.1% (34.7–70.9), and 46.9% (29.1–65.3) respectively. The overall specificity was high, ranging from 98.7% by WHO to 100.0% by IOTF. The AUC were 0.936 (0.865–1.000), 0.924 (0.852–0.995), and 0.945 (0.879–1.000) by the WHO, CDC, and IOTF criteria respectively for the overall sample. Prevalence of obesity by the WHO, CDC, IOTF, and deuterium oxide-derived percent body fat were 11.5%, 10.4%, 8.2%, and 17.5% respectively, with significant positive correlations between the BMI z-scores and percent body fat. Conclusions: The BMI-based criteria were largely specific but with moderate sensitivity in detecting excess body fat in Ghanaian children. To improve diagnostic accuracy, direct measurement of body fat and other health risk factors should be considered in addition to BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Adom
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra LG80, Ghana;
- Correspondence:
| | - André Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Anniza De Villiers
- Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Rose Boatin
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra LG80, Ghana;
| | - Thandi Puoane
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White T, Westgate K, Hollidge S, Venables M, Olivier P, Wareham N, Brage S. Estimating energy expenditure from wrist and thigh accelerometry in free-living adults: a doubly labelled water study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2333-2342. [PMID: 30940917 PMCID: PMC7358076 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy expenditure (AEE) and consequently total energy expenditure (TEE) has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of acceleration intensity at wrist and thigh sites as estimates of AEE and TEE under free-living conditions using a gold-standard criterion. METHODS Measurements for 193 UK adults (105 men, 88 women, aged 40-66 years, BMI 20.4-36.6 kg m-2) were collected with triaxial accelerometers worn on the dominant wrist, non-dominant wrist and thigh in free-living conditions for 9-14 days. In a subsample (50 men, 50 women) TEE was simultaneously assessed with doubly labelled water (DLW). AEE was estimated from non-dominant wrist using an established estimation model, and novel models were derived for dominant wrist and thigh in the non-DLW subsample. Agreement with both AEE and TEE from DLW was evaluated by mean bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation. RESULTS Mean TEE and AEE derived from DLW were 11.6 (2.3) MJ day-1 and 49.8 (16.3) kJ day-1 kg-1. Dominant and non-dominant wrist acceleration were highly correlated in free-living (r = 0.93), but less so with thigh (r = 0.73 and 0.66, respectively). Estimates of AEE were 48.6 (11.8) kJ day-1 kg-1 from dominant wrist, 48.6 (12.3) from non-dominant wrist, and 46.0 (10.1) from thigh; these agreed strongly with AEE (RMSE ~12.2 kJ day-1 kg-1, r ~ 0.71) with small mean biases at the population level (~6%). Only the thigh estimate was statistically significantly different from the criterion. When combining these AEE estimates with estimated REE, agreement was stronger with the criterion (RMSE ~1.0 MJ day-1, r ~ 0.90). CONCLUSIONS In UK adults, acceleration measured at either wrist or thigh can be used to estimate population levels of AEE and TEE in free-living conditions with high precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Patrick Olivier
- Open Lab, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee U, Choi WN, Kim HR. Radiological impact assessment for workers on treatment of radioactive spent resin from heavy water reactors. J Radiol Prot 2019; 39:422-442. [PMID: 30703752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In heavy water reactors, radionuclides are generated, then removed and treated by ion exchange resin. The disposal cost of spent resin is expected to increase because of the saturation of the existing storage capacity. In this study, a spent resin treatment process using microwaves is proposed, and a radiological safety assessment and cost evaluation of the spent resin treatment process are performed. A dose assessment was conducted by using the established exposure scenarios and the RESRAD-Build software. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the main contributory radionuclide of the dose according to each exposure pathway because a spent resin consists of various radionuclides. The main exposure pathway was identified, and sensitivity analysis was applied to the working time and radioactivity concentrations of 14C, 60Co and 137Cs to confirm their effect on the dose. Finally, an optimal shielding system for a safe work environment was proposed. The disposal cost of the spent resin is reduced by lowering its radioactivity level via a treatment process using microwaves. The treatment process can reduce the radioactivity level through the desorption of 14C and can also recycle the 14C nuclide. These characteristics have great economic advantages from the viewpoint of the entire nuclear energy cycle. Thus, this study evaluates the radiological safety of the spent resin treatment process for actual application in a heavy water reactor power plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- UkJae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Daurio NA, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, Carballo-Jane E, Mane J, Rodriguez CG, Zafian P, Houghton A, Addona G, McLaren DG, Zhang R, Shyong BJ, Bateman K, Downes DP, Webb M, Kelley DE, Previs SF. Spatial and temporal studies of metabolic activity: contrasting biochemical kinetics in tissues and pathways during fasted and fed states. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1105-E1117. [PMID: 30912961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00459.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of nutrient homeostasis, i.e., the ability to transition between fasted and fed states, is fundamental in maintaining health. Since food is typically consumed over limited (anabolic) periods, dietary components must be processed and stored to counterbalance the catabolic stress that occurs between meals. Herein, we contrast tissue- and pathway-specific metabolic activity in fasted and fed states. We demonstrate that knowledge of biochemical kinetics that is obtained from opposite ends of the energetic spectrum can allow mechanism-based differentiation of healthy and disease phenotypes. Rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes serve as case studies for probing spatial and temporal patterns of metabolic activity via [2H]water labeling. Experimental designs that capture integrative whole body metabolism, including meal-induced substrate partitioning, can support an array of research surrounding metabolic disease; the relative simplicity of the approach that is discussed here should enable routine applications in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Daurio
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Yichen Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Ying Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Ester Carballo-Jane
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Joel Mane
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Carlos G Rodriguez
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Peter Zafian
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Andrea Houghton
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - George Addona
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - David G McLaren
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Rena Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Bao Jen Shyong
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Kevin Bateman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Daniel P Downes
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Maria Webb
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - David E Kelley
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Stephen F Previs
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Company, Incorporated, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nouws J, Fitch M, Mata M, Santoro N, Galuppo B, Kursawe R, Narayan D, Vash-Margita A, Pierpont B, Shulman GI, Hellerstein M, Caprio S. Altered In Vivo Lipid Fluxes and Cell Dynamics in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues Are Associated With the Unfavorable Pattern of Fat Distribution in Obese Adolescent Girls. Diabetes 2019; 68:1168-1177. [PMID: 30936147 PMCID: PMC6610014 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of abdominal fat distribution (for example, a high vs. low visceral adipose tissue [VAT]/[VAT + subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)] ratio), independent of obesity, during adolescence carry a high risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal follow-up of a cohort of obese adolescents has recently revealed that a high ratio (high VAT/[VAT + SAT]) is a major determinant of fatty liver and metabolic impairment over time, with these effects being more pronounced in girls than in boys. To unravel the underlying metabolic alterations associated with the unfavorable VAT/(VAT + SAT) phenotype, we used the 2H2O labeling method to measure the turnover of adipose lipids and cells in the subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal/femoral adipose tissue (SAT) of weight-stable obese adolescent girls with a similar level of obesity but discordant VAT/(VAT + SAT) ratios. Girls with the unfavorable (high VAT/[VAT + SAT]) phenotype exhibited higher in vivo rates of triglyceride (TG) turnover (representing both lipolysis and synthesis at steady state), without significant differences in de novo lipogenesis in both abdominal and gluteal depots, compared with obese girls with the favorable phenotype. Moreover, mature adipocytes had higher turnover, with no difference in stromal vascular cell proliferation in both depots in the metabolically unfavorable phenotype. The higher TG turnover rates were significantly correlated with higher intrahepatic fat stores. These findings are contrary to the hypothesis that impaired capacity to deposit TGs or proliferation of new mature adipocytes are potential mechanisms for ectopic fat distribution in this setting. In summary, these results suggest that increased turnover of TGs (lipolysis) and of mature adipocytes in both abdominal and gluteal SAT may contribute to metabolic impairment and the development of fatty liver, even at this very early stage of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nouws
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mariana Mata
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Brittany Galuppo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Romy Kursawe
- Diabetes and Obesity, The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
| | - Deepak Narayan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bridget Pierpont
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosqvist F, McNeil CA, Pramfalk C, Parry SA, Low WS, Cornfield T, Fielding BA, Hodson L. Fasting hepatic de novo lipogenesis is not reliably assessed using circulating fatty acid markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:260-268. [PMID: 30721918 PMCID: PMC6367991 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies often infer hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by measuring circulating fatty acid (FA) markers; however, it remains to be elucidated whether these markers accurately reflect hepatic DNL. Objectives We investigated associations between fasting hepatic DNL and proposed FA markers of DNL in subjects consuming their habitual diet. Methods Fasting hepatic DNL was assessed using 2H2O (deuterated water) in 149 nondiabetic men and women and measuring the synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) palmitate. FA markers of blood lipid fractions were determined by gas chromatography. Results Neither the lipogenic index (16:0/18:2n-6) nor the SCD index (16:1n-7/16:0) in VLDL-TG was associated with isotopically assessed DNL (r = 0.13, P = 0.1 and r = -0.08, P = 0.35, respectively). The relative abundances (mol%) of 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 in VLDL-TG were weakly (r ≤ 0.35) associated with DNL, whereas the abundances of 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, and 18:1n-9 were not associated. When the cohort was split by median DNL, only the abundances of 14:0 and 18:0 in VLDL-TG could discriminate between subjects having high (11.5%) and low (3.8%) fasting hepatic DNL. Based on a subgroup, FA markers in total plasma TG, plasma cholesteryl esters, plasma phospholipids, and red blood cell phospholipids were generally not associated with DNL. Conclusions The usefulness of circulating FAs as markers of hepatic DNL in healthy individuals consuming their habitual diet is limited due to their inability to discriminate clearly between individuals with low and high fasting hepatic DNL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catriona A McNeil
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Pramfalk
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sion A Parry
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wee Suan Low
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Syroeshkin AV, Uspenskaya EV, Pleteneva TV, Morozova MA, Zlatskiy IA, Koldina AM, Nikiforova MV. Mechanical Transformation of Compounds Leading to Physical, Chemical, and Biological Changes in Pharmaceutical Substances. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:8905471. [PMID: 30643492 PMCID: PMC6311245 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8905471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the link between the modification of the solid-phase pharmaceutical substances mechanical structure and their activity in waters with different molar ratio «deuterium-protium». Mechanochemical transformation of the powders of lactose monohydrate and sodium chloride as models of nutrients and components of dosage forms was investigated by the complex of physicochemical and biological methods. The solubility and kinetic activity of substances dispersed in various ways showed a positive correlation with the solvent isotope profile. Substances dissolved in heavy water were more active than solutes in natural water. Differential IR spectroscopy confirmed the modification of substituents in the sample of lactose monohydrate, demonstrating physicochemical changes during mechanical intervention. The biological activity of the compounds was determined by the method of Spirotox. The activation energy was determined by Arrhenius. Compared with the native compound, dispersed lactose monohydrate showed lower activation energy and, therefore, greater efficiency. In conclusion, proposed data confirm the statement that mechanical changes in compounds can lead to physicochemical changes that affect chemical and biological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Syroeshkin
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - E. V. Uspenskaya
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - T. V. Pleteneva
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - M. A. Morozova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - I. A. Zlatskiy
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
- Dumanskii Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A. M. Koldina
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - M. V. Nikiforova
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gaudichon C, Ta HY, Khodorova NV, Oberli M, Breton I, Benamouzig R, Tomé D, Godin JP. Time course of fractional gluconeogenesis after meat ingestion in healthy adults: a D 2O study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E454-E459. [PMID: 29920213 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the postprandial state, glucose homeostasis is challenged by macronutrient intake, including proteins that trigger insulin secretion and provide glucose precursors. However, little is known about the postprandial response of gluconeogenesis to a protein meal. We aimed to quantify the evolution of fractional gluconeogenesis after a meat meal. Thirteen healthy subjects received oral doses of D2O. After fasting overnight, they ingested a steak (120 g). Glycemia, insulinemia, and 2H enrichments in glucose and plasma water were measured for 8 h after the meal. Fractional gluconeogenesis was assessed using the average method. Glucose was stable for 5 h and then decreased. There was a slight increase of insulin 1 h after the meal. 2H enrichment in the carbon 5 position of glucose (C5) increased after 2 h, whereas it decreased in plasma water. Consequently, fractional gluconeogenesis increased from 68.2 ± 7.2% before the meal to 75.5 ± 5.8% 8 h after the meal, the latter corresponding to 22 h without a glucose supply. These values are consistent with the exhaustion of glycogen stores after 24 h but represent the highest among values in the literature. The impact of methodological conditions is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005, Paris , France
| | - Hai-Yen Ta
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestle Research, Vers-chez-les Blanc, 1000-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nadezda V Khodorova
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005, Paris , France
| | - Marion Oberli
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005, Paris , France
| | - Isabelle Breton
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestle Research, Vers-chez-les Blanc, 1000-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005, Paris , France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , 75005, Paris , France
| | - Jean-Philippe Godin
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestle Research, Vers-chez-les Blanc, 1000-Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shi L, Zheng C, Shen Y, Chen Z, Silveira ES, Zhang L, Wei M, Liu C, de Sena-Tomas C, Targoff K, Min W. Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2995. [PMID: 30082908 PMCID: PMC6079036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D2O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. Enzymatic incorporation of D2O-derived deuterium into macromolecules generates carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds, which track biosynthesis in tissues and can be imaged by SRS in situ. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. DO-SRS microscopy enables us to probe de novo lipogenesis in animals, image protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and simultaneously visualize lipid and protein metabolism and reveal their different dynamics. DO-SRS microscopy, being noninvasive, universally applicable, and cost-effective, can be adapted to a broad range of biological systems to study development, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chaogu Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Luyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Kimara Targoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brook MS, Wilkinson DJ, Mitchell WK, Lund JL, Phillips BE, Szewczyk NJ, Kainulainen H, Lensu S, Koch LG, Britton SL, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Atherton PJ. A novel D 2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E681-E689. [PMID: 28811296 PMCID: PMC5814597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current methods to quantify in vivo RNA dynamics are limited. Here, we developed a novel stable isotope (D2O) methodology to quantify RNA synthesis (i.e., ribosomal biogenesis) in cells, animal models, and humans. First, proliferating C2C12 cells were incubated in D2O-enriched media and myotubes ±50 ng/ml IGF-I. Second, rat quadriceps (untrained, n = 9; 7-wk interval-"like" training, n = 13) were collected after ~3-wk D2O (70 atom %) administration, with body-water enrichment monitored via blood sampling. Finally, 10 (23 ± 1 yr) men consumed 150-ml D2O followed by 50 ml/wk and undertook 6-wk resistance exercise (6 × 8 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum 3/wk) with body-water enrichment monitored by saliva sampling and muscle biopsies (for determination of RNA synthesis) at 0, 3, and 6 wk. Ribose mole percent excess (r-MPE) from purine nucleotides was analyzed via GC-MS/MS. Proliferating C2C12 cell r-MPE exhibited a rise to plateau, whereas IGF-I increased myotube RNA from 76 ± 3 to 123 ± 3 ng/μl and r-MPE by 0.39 ± 0.1% (both P < 0.01). After 3 wk, rat quadriceps r-MPE had increased to 0.25 ± 0.01% (P < 0.01) and was greater with running exercise (0.36 ± 0.02%; P < 0.01). Human muscle r-MPE increased to 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.02% at 3/6 wk, respectively, equating to synthesis rates of ~0.8%/day, increasing with resistance exercise to 1.7 ± 0.3%/day (P < 0.01) and 1.2 ± 0.1%/day (P < 0.05) at 3/6 wk, respectively. Therefore, we have developed and physiologically validated a novel technique to explore ribosomal biogenesis in a multimodal fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Brook
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - W K Mitchell
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - J L Lund
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - B E Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - N J Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - H Kainulainen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; and
| | - S Lensu
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; and
| | - L G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - P L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - P J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chevelkov V, Giller K, Becker S, Lange A. Measurement of backbone hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the type III secretion system needle protein PrgI by solid-state NMR. J Magn Reson 2017; 283:110-116. [PMID: 28985499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present site-specific measurements of amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates in a protein in the solid state phase by MAS NMR. Employing perdeuteration, proton detection and a high external magnetic field we could adopt the highly efficient Relax-EXSY protocol previously developed for liquid state NMR. According to this method, we measured the contribution of hydrogen exchange on apparent 15N longitudinal relaxation rates in samples with differing D2O buffer content. Differences in the apparent T1 times allowed us to derive exchange rates for multiple residues in the type III secretion system needle protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Chevelkov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Giller
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adam Lange
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brook MS, Wilkinson DJ, Atherton PJ, Smith K. Recent developments in deuterium oxide tracer approaches to measure rates of substrate turnover: implications for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid research. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:375-381. [PMID: 28650854 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Methods that inform on dynamic metabolism that can be applied to clinical populations to understand disease progression and responses to therapeutic interventions are of great importance. This review perspective will highlight recent advances, development, and applications of the multivalent stable isotope tracer deuterium oxide (D2O) to the study of substrate metabolism with particular reference to protein, lipids, and nucleic acids, and how these methods can be readily applied within clinical and pharmaceutical research. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in the application of D2O techniques now permit the simultaneous dynamic measurement of a range of substrates (i.e. protein, lipid, and nucleic acids, along with the potential for OMICs methodologies) with minimal invasiveness further creating opportunities for long-term 'free living' measures that can be used in clinical settings. These techniques have recently been applied to ageing populations and further in cancer patients revealing altered muscle protein metabolism. Additionally, the efficacy of numerous drugs in improving lipoprotein profiles and controlling cellular proliferation in leukaemia have been revealed. SUMMARY D2O provides opportunities to create a more holistic picture of in-vivo metabolic phenotypes, providing a unique platform for development in clinical applications, and the emerging field of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brook
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham MIHR BRC, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schäff CT, Pliquett U, Tuchscherer A, Pfuhl R, Görs S, Metges CC, Hammon HM, Kröger-Koch C. Evaluation of electrical broad bandwidth impedance spectroscopy as a tool for body composition measurement in cows in comparison with body measurements and the deuterium oxide dilution method. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2041-2051. [PMID: 28727018 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fatness and degree of body fat mobilization in cows vary enormously during their reproduction cycle and influence energy partitioning and metabolic adaptation. The objective of the study was to test bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) as a method for predicting fat depot mass (FDM), in living cows. The FDM is defined as the sum of subcutaneous, omental, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and carcass fat mass. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is compared with the prediction of FDM from the deuterium oxide (DO) dilution method and from body conformation measurements. Charolais × Holstein Friesian (HF; = 18; 30 d in milk) crossbred cows and 2 HF (lactating and nonlactating) cows were assessed by body conformation measurements, BIS, and the DO dilution method. The BCS of cows was a mean of 3.68 (SE 0.64). For the DO dilution method, a bolus of 0.23 g/kg BW DO (60 atom%) was intravenously injected and deuterium (D) enrichment was analyzed in plasma and whey by stabile isotope mass spectrometry, and total body water content was calculated. Impedance measurement was performed using a 4-electrode interface and time domain-based measurement system consisting of a voltage/current converter for applying current stimulus and an amplifier for monitoring voltage across the sensor electrodes. For the BIS, we used complex impedances over three frequency decades that delivers information on intra- and extracellular water and capacity of cell membranes. Impedance data (resistance of extra- and intracellular space, cell membrane capacity, and phase angle) were extracted 1) by simple curve fit to extract the resistance at direct current and high frequency and 2) by using an electrical equivalent circuit. Cows were slaughtered 7 d after BIS and D enrichment measurements and dissected for the measurement of FDM. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict FDM based on data obtained from body conformation measurements, BIS, and D enrichment, and applied methods were evaluated by cross-validation. The FDM varied widely between cows and was correlated to D enrichment in plasma ( = 0.91, < 0.05). Prediction of FDM by body size measurements was less precise ( = 0.84), but FDM prediction was more accurate using D enrichment in plasma ( = 0.90) and BIS ( = 0.99) data. Therefore, both BIS and D enrichment analysis resulted in similarly good predictions of FDM in cows, and we conclude that BIS could have the potential to predict FDM in dairy cows from 40 to 380 kg.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lopez-Teros V, Limon-Miro AT, Astiazaran-Garcia H, Tanumihardjo SA, Tortoledo-Ortiz O, Valencia ME. 'Dose-to-Mother' Deuterium Oxide Dilution Technique: An Accurate Strategy to Measure Vitamin A Intake in Breastfed Infants. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020169. [PMID: 28230781 PMCID: PMC5331600 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mexico, infants (0–2 years old) show the highest prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), measured by serum retinol concentrations. Thus, we consider that low vitamin A (VA) intake through breast milk (BM) combined with poor weaning practices are the main factors that contribute to VAD in this group. We combined the assessment of VA status in lactating women using BM retinol and a stable isotope ‘dose-to-mother’ technique to measure BM production in women from urban and agricultural areas. Infants’ mean BM intake was 758 ± 185 mL, and no difference was observed between both areas (p = 0.067). Mean BM retinol concentration was 1.09 μmol/L, which was significantly lower for the agricultural area (p = 0.028). Based on BM retinol concentration, 57% of women were VAD; although this prevalence fell to 16% when based on fat content. Regardless of the VA biomarker used here, infants from the urban and agricultural areas cover only 66% and 49% of their dietary adequate intake from BM, respectively (p = 0.054). Our data indicate that VAD is still a public health concern in Mexico. Adopting both methods to assess VA transfer from the mother to the breastfed child offers an innovative approach towards the nutritional assessment of vulnerable groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Nutritional Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Ana Teresa Limon-Miro
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Orlando Tortoledo-Ortiz
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Mauro E Valencia
- Nutritional Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stadler AM, Knieps-Grünhagen E, Bocola M, Lohstroh W, Zamponi M, Krauss U. Photoactivation Reduces Side-Chain Dynamics of a LOV Photoreceptor. Biophys J 2016; 110:1064-74. [PMID: 26958884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We used neutron-scattering experiments to probe the conformational dynamics of the light, oxygen, voltage (LOV) photoreceptor PpSB1-LOV from Pseudomonas putida in both the dark and light states. Global protein diffusion and internal macromolecular dynamics were measured using incoherent neutron time-of-flight and backscattering spectroscopy on the picosecond to nanosecond timescales. Global protein diffusion of PpSB1-LOV is not influenced by photoactivation. Observation-time-dependent global diffusion coefficients were found, which converge on the nanosecond timescale toward diffusion coefficients determined by dynamic light scattering. Mean-square displacements of localized internal motions and effective force constants, <k'>, describing the resilience of the proteins were determined on the respective timescales. Photoactivation significantly modifies the flexibility and the resilience of PpSB1-LOV. On the fast, picosecond timescale, small changes in the mean-square displacement and <k'> are observed, which are enhanced on the slower, nanosecond timescale. Photoactivation results in a slightly larger resilience of the photoreceptor on the fast, picosecond timescale, whereas in the nanosecond range, a significantly less resilient structure of the light-state protein is observed. For a residue-resolved interpretation of the experimental neutron-scattering data, we analyzed molecular dynamics simulations of the PpSB1-LOV X-ray structure. Based on these data, it is tempting to speculate that light-induced changes in the protein result in altered side-chain mobility mostly for residues on the protruding Jα helix and on the LOV-LOV dimer interface. Our results provide strong experimental evidence that side-chain dynamics play a crucial role in photoactivation and signaling of PpSB1-LOV via modulation of conformational entropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Stadler
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) and Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Esther Knieps-Grünhagen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Outstation at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|