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Murrieta RA, Garcia-Luna SM, Murrieta DJ, Halladay G, Young MC, Fauver JR, Gendernalik A, Weger-Lucarelli J, Rückert C, Ebel GD. Impact of extrinsic incubation temperature on natural selection during Zika virus infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009433. [PMID: 34752502 PMCID: PMC8629396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) require replication across a wide range of temperatures to perpetuate. While vertebrate hosts tend to maintain temperatures of approximately 37°C—40°C, arthropods are subject to ambient temperatures which can have a daily fluctuation of > 10°C. Temperatures impact vector competence, extrinsic incubation period, and mosquito survival unimodally, with optimal conditions occurring at some intermediate temperature. In addition, the mean and range of daily temperature fluctuations influence arbovirus perpetuation and vector competence. The impact of temperature on arbovirus genetic diversity during systemic mosquito infection, however, is poorly understood. Therefore, we determined how constant extrinsic incubation temperatures of 25°C, 28°C, 32°C, and 35°C control Zika virus (ZIKV) vector competence and population dynamics within Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. We also examined fluctuating temperatures which better mimic field conditions in the tropics. We found that vector competence varied in a unimodal manner for constant temperatures peaking between 28°C and 32°C for both Aedes species. Transmission peaked at 10 days post-infection for Aedes aegypti and 14 days for Aedes albopictus. Conversely, fluctuating temperature decreased vector competence. Using RNA-seq to characterize ZIKV population structure, we identified that temperature alters the selective environment in unexpected ways. During mosquito infection, constant temperatures more often elicited positive selection whereas fluctuating temperatures led to strong purifying selection in both Aedes species. These findings demonstrate that temperature has multiple impacts on ZIKV biology, including major effects on the selective environment within mosquitoes. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have emerged in recent decades due to complex factors that include increases in international travel and trade, the breakdown of public health infrastructure, land use changes, and many others. Climate change also has the potential to shift the geographical ranges of arthropod vectors, consequently increasing the global risk of arbovirus infection. Changing temperatures may alter the virus-host interaction, ultimately resulting in the emergence of new viruses and virus genotypes in new areas. Therefore, we sought to characterize how temperature (both constant and fluctuating) alters the ability of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to transmit Zika virus, and how it influences virus populations within mosquitoes. We found that intermediate temperatures maximize virus transmission compared to more extreme and fluctuating temperatures. Constant temperatures increased positive selection on virus genomes, while fluctuating temperatures strengthened purifying selection. Our studies provide evidence that in addition to altering vector competence, temperature significantly influences natural selection within mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes A. Murrieta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Selene M. Garcia-Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deedra J. Murrieta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gareth Halladay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. Fauver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Epidemiology of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alex Gendernalik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bibi Sadeer N, Haddad JG, Oday Ezzat M, Desprès P, Abdallah HH, Zengin G, Uysal A, El Kalamouni C, Gallo M, Montesano D, Mahomoodally MF. Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. at the Forefront of Pharma to Confront Zika Virus and Microbial Infections-An In Vitro and In Silico Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:5768. [PMID: 34641314 PMCID: PMC8510246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil and the increasing resistance developed by pathogenic bacteria to nearly all existing antibiotics should be taken as a wakeup call for the international authority as this represents a risk for global public health. The lack of antiviral drugs and effective antibiotics on the market triggers the need to search for safe therapeutics from medicinal plants to fight viral and microbial infections. In the present study, we investigated whether a mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. (B. gymnorhiza) collected in Mauritius, possesses antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiating abilities and exerts anti-ZIKV activity at non-cytotoxic doses. Microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70603, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and Candida albicans ATCC 26555 were used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin antibiotics were used for assessing antibiotic potentiating activity. ZIKVMC-MR766NIID (ZIKVGFP) was used for assessing anti-ZIKV activity. In silico docking (Autodock 4) and ADME (SwissADME) analyses were performed on collected data. Antimicrobial results revealed that Bruguiera twig ethyl acetate (BTE) was the most potent extract inhibiting the growth of all nine microbes tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.19-0.39 mg/mL. BTE showed partial synergy effects against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when applied in combination with streptomycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. By using a recombinant ZIKV-expressing reporter GFP protein, we identified both Bruguiera root aqueous and Bruguiera fruit aqueous extracts as potent inhibitors of ZIKV infection in human epithelial A549 cells. The mechanisms by which such extracts prevented ZIKV infection are linked to the inability of the virus to bind to the host cell surface. In silico docking showed that ZIKV E protein, which is involved in cell receptor binding, could be a target for cryptochlorogenic acid, a chemical compound identified in B. gymnorhiza. From ADME results, cryptochlorogenic acid is predicted to be not orally bioavailable because it is too polar. Scientific data collected in this present work can open a new avenue for the development of potential inhibitors from B. gymnorhiza to fight ZIKV and microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Juliano G. Haddad
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (J.G.H.); (P.D.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Mohammed Oday Ezzat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq;
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (J.G.H.); (P.D.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Hassan H. Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (J.G.H.); (P.D.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
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Abstract
Viral pathogens are an ongoing threat to public health worldwide. Analysing their dependence on host biosynthetic pathways could lead to effective antiviral therapies1. Here we integrate proteomic analyses of polysomes with functional genomics and pharmacological interventions to define how enteroviruses and flaviviruses remodel host polysomes to synthesize viral proteins and disable host protein production. We find that infection with polio, dengue or Zika virus markedly modifies polysome composition, without major changes to core ribosome stoichiometry. These viruses use different strategies to evict a common set of translation initiation and RNA surveillance factors from polysomes while recruiting host machineries that are specifically required for viral biogenesis. Targeting these specialized viral polysomes could provide a new approach for antiviral interventions. For example, we find that both Zika and dengue use the collagen proline hydroxylation machinery to mediate cotranslational modification of conserved proline residues in the viral polyprotein. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of proline hydroxylation impairs nascent viral polyprotein folding and induces its aggregation and degradation. Notably, such interventions prevent viral polysome remodelling and lower virus production. Our findings delineate the modular nature of polysome specialization at the virus-host interface and establish a powerful strategy to identify targets for selective antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranen Aviner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathy H Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Dangsagul W, Ruchusatsawat K, Tawatsin A, Changsom D, Noisumdaeng P, Putchakarn S, Phatihattakorn C, Auewarakul P, Puthavathana P. Zika virus isolation, propagation, and quantification using multiple methods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255314. [PMID: 34329309 PMCID: PMC8323943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was isolated from the archival urine, serum, and autopsy specimens by intrathoracic inoculation of Toxorhynchitis splendens and followed by three blind sub-passaging in C6/36 mosquito cells. The virus isolates were identified using an immunofluorescence assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). This study analyzed 11 ZIKV isolates. One isolate (0.6%) was obtained from 171 urine samples, eight (8.7%) from 92 serum samples and two from tissues of an abortive fetus. After propagation in C6/36 cells, ZIKV was titrated by plaque and focus forming unit (FFU) assays in Vero cell monolayers, and viral genomes were determined via real-time and digital RT-PCR. Plaque and FFU assay quantitations were comparable, with the amount of infectious viruses averaging 106-107 PFU or FFU/ml. Real-time RT-PCR semi-quantified the viral genome numbers, with Ct values varying from 12 to 14. Digital RT-PCR, which precisely determines the numbers of the viral genomes, consistently averaged 10-100 times higher than the number of infectious units. There was good correlation between the results of these titration methods. Therefore, the selection of a method should be based on the objectives of each research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawat Dangsagul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Apiwat Tawatsin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Don Changsom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pirom Noisumdaeng
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sukontip Putchakarn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Parker-Crockett C, Connelly CR, Siegfried B, Alto B. Influence of Pyrethroid Resistance on Vector Competency for Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1908-1916. [PMID: 33724374 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vector competence of mosquitoes for pathogens has been shown to be influenced by the status of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. However, to date, only two studies has explored the impact of insecticide resistance on arbovirus transmission. The global and widespread use of pyrethroids has led to the development of insecticide resistance in many mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary vector of Zika virus. Strains of Ae. aegypti that were genetically similar, but responded differently to pyrethroid exposure, were developed using backcrossing techniques. These populations were orally infected with Zika virus and susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection, and transmission potential were evaluated. Analyses revealed differences in susceptibility to infection and disseminated infection between the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti during the infection period. Here, we identify an additional challenge to that of widespread pyrethroid resistance. Specifically, resistance is associated with altered phenotypic traits that influence susceptibility to arbovirus infection and progression of infection in the mosquito, factors which ultimately influence risk of arbovirus transmission. These findings support the need to 1) consider insecticide resistance status during times of arbovirus transmission and 2) to implement insecticide resistance management/ mitigation strategies in vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Parker-Crockett
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Blair Siegfried
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Alto
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
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Baker C, Liu Y, Zou J, Muruato A, Xie X, Shi PY. Identifying optimal capsid duplication length for the stability of reporter flaviviruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2256-2265. [PMID: 32981479 PMCID: PMC7594839 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1829994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses cause widespread disease across the world. To provide better molecular tools for drug screens and pathogenesis studies, we report a new approach to produce stable NanoLuc-tagged flaviviruses, including dengue virus serotypes 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Since the reporter gene is often engineered at the capsid gene region, the capsid sequence must be duplicated to flank the reporter gene; such capsid duplication is essential for viral replication. The conventional approach for stabilizing reporter flaviviruses has been to shorten or modify the duplicated capsid sequence to minimize homologous recombination. No study has examined the effects of capsid duplication length on reporter virus stability. Here we report an optimal length to stabilize reporter flaviviruses. These viruses were stable after ten rounds of cell culture passaging, and in the case of stable NanoLuc-tagged Zika virus (ZIKV C38), the virus replicated to 107 FFU/ml in cell culture and produced robust luciferase signal after inoculation in mosquitoes. Mechanistically, the optimal length of capsid duplication may contain all the cis-acting RNA elements required for viral RNA replication, thus reducing the selection pressure for recombination. Together, these data describe an improved method of constructing optimal reporter flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Baker
- Departement of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonio Muruato
- Departement of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ye G, Wang Y, Liu X, Dong Q, Cai Q, Yuan Z, Xia H. Transmission competence of a new mesonivirus, Yichang virus, in mosquitoes and its interference with representative flaviviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008920. [PMID: 33253189 PMCID: PMC7738168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology have greatly stimulated the understanding of insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Unfortunately, most of these findings are based on sequencing technology, and laboratory data are scarce on the transmission dynamics of ISVs in nature and the potential effects of these viruses on arboviruses. Mesonivirus is a class of ISVs with a wide geographical distribution. Recently, our laboratory reported the isolation of a novel strain of mesonivirus, Yichang virus (YCV), from Culex mosquitoes, China. In this study, the experimental infection of YCV by the oral route for adult and larvae mosquitoes, and the vertical transmission has been conducted, which suggests that YCV could adopt a mixed-mode transmission. Controlled experiments showed that the infectivity of YCV depends on the mosquito species, virus dose, and infection route. The proliferation curve and tissue distribution of YCV in Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus showed that YCV is more susceptible to Ae. albopictus and is located in the midgut. Furthermore, we also assessed the interference of YCV with flaviviruses both in vitro and in vivo. YCV significantly inhibited the proliferation of DENV-2 and ZIKV, in cell culture, and reduced transmission rate of DENV-2 in Ae. albopictus. Our work provides insights into the transmission of ISVs in different mosquito species during ontogeny and their potential ability to interact with mosquito-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanxin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HX)
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (HX)
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Alomar AA, Eastmond BH, Alto BW. The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008846. [PMID: 33201875 PMCID: PMC7707533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults’ ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts. Mosquito control approaches primarily depend on lowering the number of potential adult mosquito vectors by inhibiting juvenile stages to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that inhibits the emergence of adult mosquitoes by interrupting metamorphosis, but does not target larvae. This mechanism allows natural sources of mortality like predation to act in combination with pyriproxyfen to affect mosquito population size. Here, we determined the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on adult Aedes aegypti traits, including infection with Zika virus. Combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to strong inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti. Treatments containing predators or those mimicking the daily mortality of predation produced larger sized adults. Susceptibility to ZIKV infection was lowest in the predator treatment and highest in the pyriproxyfen treatment. Disseminated infection, transmission, and viral titers of ZIKV were similar between treatments. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and predators can enhance inhibition of adult Ae. aegypti emergence, but survivors may have fitness benefits such being larger mosquitoes. Understanding the consequences of control approaches in mosquito-pathogen interactions will assist to evaluate their suitability in mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alomar
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bradley H. Eastmond
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry W. Alto
- University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Haddad JG, Grauzdytė D, Koishi AC, Viranaicken W, Venskutonis PR, Nunes Duarte dos Santos C, Desprès P, Diotel N, El Kalamouni C. The Geraniin-Rich Extract from Reunion Island Endemic Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus phillyreifolius Inhibits Zika and Dengue Virus Infection at Non-Toxic Effect Doses in Zebrafish. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102316. [PMID: 32429073 PMCID: PMC7287739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are two medically important pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. There is an urgent need of therapeutics against DENV and ZIKV, and medicinal plants are considered as a promising source of antiviral bioactive metabolites. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, to prevent DENV and ZIKV infection in human cells. At non-cytotoxic concentration in vitro, incubation of infected A549 cells with a P. phillyreifolius extract or its major active phytochemical geraniin resulted in a dramatic reduction of virus progeny production for ZIKV as well as four serotypes of DENV. Virological assays showed that P. phillyreifolius extract-mediated virus inhibition relates to a blockade in internalization of virus particles into the host cell. Infectivity studies on ZIKV showed that both P. phillyreifolius and geraniin cause a loss of infectivity of the viral particles. Using a zebrafish model, we demonstrated that administration of P. phillyreifolius and geraniin has no effect on zebrafish locomotor activity while no morbidity nor mortality was observed up to 5 days post-inoculation. Thus, P. phillyreifolius could act as an important source of plant metabolite geraniin which is a promising antiviral compound in the fight against DENV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano G. Haddad
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (J.G.H.); (W.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Dovilė Grauzdytė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; (D.G.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Andrea Cristine Koishi
- Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.C.K.); (C.N.D.d.S.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (J.G.H.); (W.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; (D.G.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Claudia Nunes Duarte dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.C.K.); (C.N.D.d.S.)
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (J.G.H.); (W.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (J.G.H.); (W.V.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-262-938822
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10
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Kasthuri M, Li C, Verma K, Russell OO, Dickson L, McCormick L, Bassit L, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of 4'-Substituted-2'-Deoxy-2'-α-Fluoro Nucleoside Analogs as Potential Antiviral Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061258. [PMID: 32168734 PMCID: PMC7143966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs are widely used for the treatment of viral diseases (Hepatitis B/C, herpes and human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) and various malignancies. ALS-8176, a prodrug of the 4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleoside ALS-8112, was evaluated in hospitalized infants for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but was abandoned for unclear reasons. Based on the structure of ALS-8112, a series of novel 4'-modified-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro nucleosides were synthesized. Newly prepared compounds were evaluated against RSV, but also against a panel of RNA viruses, including Dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Unfortunately, none of the compounds showed marked antiviral activity against these viruses.
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11
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Winokur OC, Main BJ, Nicholson J, Barker CM. Impact of temperature on the extrinsic incubation period of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008047. [PMID: 32187187 PMCID: PMC7105136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global human health threat, numerous studies have pointed to Aedes aegypti as the primary vector due to its high competence and propensity to feed on humans. The majority of vector competence studies have been conducted between 26-28°C, but arboviral extrinsic incubation periods (EIPs), and therefore transmission efficiency, are known to be affected strongly by temperature. To better understand the relationship between ZIKV EIPs and temperature, we evaluated the effect of adult mosquito exposure temperature on ZIKV infection, dissemination, and transmission in Ae. aegypti at four temperatures: 18°C, 21°C, 26°C, and 30°C. Mosquitoes were exposed to viremic mice infected with a 2015 Puerto Rican ZIKV strain, and engorged mosquitoes were sorted into the four temperatures with 80% RH and constant access to 10% sucrose. ZIKV infection, dissemination, and transmission rates were assessed via RT-qPCR from individual mosquito bodies, legs and wings, and saliva, respectively, at three to five time points per temperature from three to 31 days, based on expectations from other flavivirus EIPs. The median time from ZIKV ingestion to transmission (median EIP, EIP50) at each temperature was estimated by fitting a generalized linear mixed model for each temperature. EIP50 ranged from 5.1 days at 30°C to 24.2 days at 21°C. At 26°C, EIP50 was 9.6 days. At 18°C, only 15% transmitted by day 31 so EIP50 could not be estimated. This is among the first studies to characterize the effects of temperature on ZIKV EIP in Ae. aegypti, and the first to do so based on feeding of mosquitoes on a live, viremic host. This information is critical for modeling ZIKV transmission dynamics to understand geographic and seasonal limits of ZIKV risk; it is especially relevant for determining risk in subtropical regions with established Ae. aegypti populations and relatively high rates of return travel from the tropics (e.g. California or Florida), as these regions typically experience cooler temperature ranges than tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Winokur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Graduate Group of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Main
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jay Nicholson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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12
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Abstract
The global demand for complex biopharmaceuticals like recombinant proteins, vaccines, or viral vectors is steadily rising. To further improve process productivity and to reduce production costs, process intensification can contribute significantly. The design and optimization of perfusion processes toward very high cell densities require careful selection of strategies for optimal perfusion rate control. In this chapter, various options are discussed to guarantee high cell-specific virus yields and to achieve virus concentrations up to 1010 virions/mL. This includes reactor volume exchange regimes and perfusion rate control based on process variables such as cell concentration and metabolite or by-product concentration. Strategies to achieve high cell densities by perfusion rate control and their experimental implementation are described in detail for pseudo-perfusion or small-scale perfusion bioreactor systems. Suspension cell lines such as MDCK, BHK-21, EB66®, and AGE1.CR.pIX® are used to exemplify production of influenza, yellow fever, Zika, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikolay
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gwendal Gränicher
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yixiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Fredericks AC, Russell TA, Wallace LE, Davidson AD, Fernandez-Sesma A, Maringer K. Aedes aegypti (Aag2)-derived clonal mosquito cell lines reveal the effects of pre-existing persistent infection with the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus on arbovirus replication. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007346. [PMID: 31693659 PMCID: PMC6860454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a vector mosquito of major public health importance, transmitting arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Wild mosquito populations are persistently infected at high prevalence with insect-specific viruses that do not replicate in vertebrate hosts. In experimental settings, acute infections with insect-specific viruses have been shown to modulate arbovirus infection and transmission in Ae. aegypti and other vector mosquitoes. However, the impact of persistent insect-specific virus infections, which arboviruses encounter more commonly in nature, has not been investigated extensively. Cell lines are useful models for studying virus-host interactions, however the available Ae. aegypti cell lines are poorly defined and heterogenous cultures. Methodology/Principle findings We generated single cell-derived clonal cell lines from the commonly used Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2. Two of the fourteen Aag2-derived clonal cell lines generated harboured markedly and consistently reduced levels of the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) known to persistently infect Aag2 cells. In contrast to studies with acute insect-specific virus infections in cell culture and in vivo, we found that pre-existing persistent PCLV infection had no major impact on the replication of the flaviviruses dengue virus and Zika virus, the alphavirus Sindbis virus, or the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus. We also performed a detailed characterisation of the morphology, transfection efficiency and immune status of our Aag2-derived clonal cell lines, and have made a clone that we term Aag2-AF5 available to the research community as a well-defined cell culture model for arbovirus-vector interaction studies. Conclusions/Significance Our findings highlight the need for further in vivo studies that more closely recapitulate natural arbovirus transmission settings in which arboviruses encounter mosquitoes harbouring persistent rather than acute insect-specific virus infections. Furthermore, we provide the well-characterised Aag2-derived clonal cell line as a valuable resource to the arbovirus research community. Mosquito-borne viruses usually only infect humans through the bite of a mosquito that carries the virus. Viruses transmitted by the ‘yellow fever mosquito’ Aedes aegypti, including dengue virus, Zika virus, yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus, are causing an ever-increasing number of human disease cases globally. Mosquito-borne viruses have to infect and replicate inside the mosquito before they are transmitted to humans, and the presence of other infectious agents can change the efficiency of virus transmission. Mosquitoes are known to be infected with ‘insect-specific viruses’ that only infect mosquitoes and cannot cause human disease. We have shown here that in laboratory cell cultures derived from the Aedes aegypti mosquito, pre-existing infection with an insect-specific virus called Phasi Charoen-like virus does not affect the infection and growth of the mosquito-borne viruses dengue virus, Zika virus, Sindbis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Our research provides important new insights into whether and how insect-specific viruses may affect mosquito-borne virus replication. Ultimately, this information could inform ongoing research into whether insect-specific viruses could be used to prevent the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses to reduce global disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A. Russell
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E. Wallace
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AF-S); (KM)
| | - Kevin Maringer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AF-S); (KM)
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14
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Fredericks AC, Russell TA, Wallace LE, Davidson AD, Fernandez-Sesma A, Maringer K. Aedes aegypti (Aag2)-derived clonal mosquito cell lines reveal the effects of pre-existing persistent infection with the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus on arbovirus replication. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007346. [PMID: 31693659 DOI: 10.1101/596205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is a vector mosquito of major public health importance, transmitting arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Wild mosquito populations are persistently infected at high prevalence with insect-specific viruses that do not replicate in vertebrate hosts. In experimental settings, acute infections with insect-specific viruses have been shown to modulate arbovirus infection and transmission in Ae. aegypti and other vector mosquitoes. However, the impact of persistent insect-specific virus infections, which arboviruses encounter more commonly in nature, has not been investigated extensively. Cell lines are useful models for studying virus-host interactions, however the available Ae. aegypti cell lines are poorly defined and heterogenous cultures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We generated single cell-derived clonal cell lines from the commonly used Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2. Two of the fourteen Aag2-derived clonal cell lines generated harboured markedly and consistently reduced levels of the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) known to persistently infect Aag2 cells. In contrast to studies with acute insect-specific virus infections in cell culture and in vivo, we found that pre-existing persistent PCLV infection had no major impact on the replication of the flaviviruses dengue virus and Zika virus, the alphavirus Sindbis virus, or the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus. We also performed a detailed characterisation of the morphology, transfection efficiency and immune status of our Aag2-derived clonal cell lines, and have made a clone that we term Aag2-AF5 available to the research community as a well-defined cell culture model for arbovirus-vector interaction studies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight the need for further in vivo studies that more closely recapitulate natural arbovirus transmission settings in which arboviruses encounter mosquitoes harbouring persistent rather than acute insect-specific virus infections. Furthermore, we provide the well-characterised Aag2-derived clonal cell line as a valuable resource to the arbovirus research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A Russell
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Wallace
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin Maringer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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15
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Dong S, Kang S, Dimopoulos G. Identification of anti-flaviviral drugs with mosquitocidal and anti-Zika virus activity in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007681. [PMID: 31430351 PMCID: PMC6716673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV infection can cause microcephaly of newborn babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Because no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is available for ZIKV infection, the most commonly used approach to control the spread of ZIKV is suppression of the mosquito vector population. A novel proposed strategy to block arthropod virus (arbovirus) transmission is based on the chemical inhibition of virus infection in mosquitoes. However, only a few drugs and compounds have been tested with such properties. Here we present a comprehensive screen of 55 FDA-approved anti-flaviviral drugs for potential anti-ZIKV and mosquitocidal activity. Four drugs (auranofin, actinomycin D (Act-D), bortezomib and gemcitabine) were toxic to C6/36 cells, and two drugs (5-fluorouracil and mycophenolic acid (MPA)) significantly reduced ZIKV production in C6/36 cells at 2 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively. Three drugs (Act-D, cyclosporin A, ivermectin) exhibited a strong adulticidal activity, and six drugs (U18666A, retinoic acid p-hydroxyanilide (4-HPR), clotrimazole, bortezomib, MPA, imatinib mesylate) significantly suppressed ZIKV infection in mosquito midguts. Some of these FDA-approved drugs may have potential for use for the development of ZIKV transmission-blocking strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhang Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seokyoung Kang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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16
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Conzelmann C, Zou M, Groß R, Harms M, Röcker A, Riedel CU, Münch J, Müller JA. Storage-Dependent Generation of Potent Anti-ZIKV Activity in Human Breast Milk. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070591. [PMID: 31261806 PMCID: PMC6669682 DOI: 10.3390/v11070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes congenital neurologic birth defects, notably microcephaly, and has been associated with other serious complications in adults. The virus has been detected in human breast milk and possible transmissions via breastfeeding have been reported. Breast milk is rich in nutrients and bio-active substances that might directly affect viral infectivity. Thus, here, we analyzed the effect of human breast milk on ZIKV infection. We observed that fresh human breast milk had no effect on ZIKV, but found that upon storage, milk effectively suppressed infection. The antiviral activity is present in the fat-containing cream fraction of milk and results in the destruction of the structural integrity of viral particles, thereby abrogating infectivity. The release of the factor is time dependent but varies with donors and incubation temperatures. The viral titer of milk that was spiked with ZIKV decreased considerably upon storage at 37 °C for 8 h, was lost entirely after 2 days of 4 °C storage, but was not affected at -20 °C. This suggests that cold storage of milk inactivates ZIKV and that the antiviral factor in milk may also be generated upon breastfeeding and limit this transmission route of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Min Zou
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Röcker
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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17
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McDonald EM, Duggal NK, Delorey MJ, Oksanish J, Ritter JM, Brault AC. Duration of seminal Zika viral RNA shedding in immunocompetent mice inoculated with Asian and African genotype viruses. Virology 2019; 535:1-10. [PMID: 31254742 PMCID: PMC7931630 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the emergence of Asian genotype Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Western hemisphere, sexual transmission in humans was documented. Sexual transmission by African genotype ZIKVs has not been assessed in laboratory animal models, due to rapid and high mortality rates of immunodeficient mice following inoculation. To overcome these limitations, immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice were used to longitudinally assess Asian and African genotype ZIKV sexual transmission potential. Furthermore, to determine if enhanced pathogenesis of African genotype ZIKVs is due to structural determinants, PRVABC59 prM/E was replaced with African MR766 prM/E (chimeric ZIKV). The African genotype and chimeric ZIKV elicited greater pathogenic effects in the male reproductive tract and generated higher viremias. Yet, the duration, magnitude and efficiency of seminal shedding of infectious virus and viral RNA were similar between chimeric-, African and Asian genotype ZIKV-inoculated mice. These data show that increased male reproductive tract pathology does not increase sexual transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McDonald
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Delorey
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James Oksanish
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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18
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Bonica MB, Goenaga S, Martin ML, Feroci M, Luppo V, Muttis E, Fabbri C, Morales MA, Enria D, Micieli MV, Levis S. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti for different strains of Zika virus in Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007433. [PMID: 31188869 PMCID: PMC6561534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Zika virus (ZIKV) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the Americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. Although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. This species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with ZIKV, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ZIKV around the world. In Argentina, the first case was reported in February 2016 and a total of 278 autochthonous cases have since been confirmed, however, ZIKV virus has not been isolated from any mosquito species yet in Argentina. In order to elucidate if Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations could be a possible vector of ZIKV, we conducted vector competence studies that involved a local strain of ZIKV from Chaco province, and a Venezuelan strain obtained from an imported case. For this purpose, Ae. aegypti adults from the temperate area of Argentina (Buenos Aires province) were fed with infected blood. Body, legs and saliva were harvested and tested by plaque titration on plates of Vero cells for ZIKV at 7, 11 and 14 days post infection (DPI) in order to calculate infection, transmission, and dissemination rates, respectively. Both strains were able to infect mosquitoes at all DPIs, whereas dissemination and transmission were observed at all DPIs for the Argentinian strain but only at 14 DPI for the Venezuelan strain. This study proves the ability of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina to become infected with two different strains of ZIKV, both belonging to the Asian lineage, and that the virus can disseminate to the legs and salivary glands. Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, isolated for the first time in the Ziika Forest in Uganda in 1947 from a rhesus macaque monkey. The disease is usually asymptomatic, but sometimes it causes a mild illness that comes with fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. The World Health Organization focused the attention on this virus after the outbreak in the Americas, when the virus was linked to microcephaly and serious neurological diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. Aedes aegypti was incriminated as the main vector of the virus as it was found both naturally and experimentally infected. This mosquito species was declared eradicated in Argentina by 1970 but re-emerged in 1989. Recent studies found a peculiarity in the genetics of Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations that consists in a combination between both subspecies: Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti. Our study tries to elucidate if Ae. aegypti from Argentina are able to transmit the virus in order to add these mosquitoes to the list of possible vectors of ZIKV and, in future prospect, orient to fight the virus by controlling the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Berenice Bonica
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MBB); (SG)
| | - Silvina Goenaga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MBB); (SG)
| | - María Laura Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariel Feroci
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Luppo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Muttis
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delia Enria
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kawai Y, Nakayama E, Takahashi K, Taniguchi S, Shibasaki KI, Kato F, Maeki T, Suzuki T, Tajima S, Saijo M, Lim CK. Increased growth ability and pathogenicity of American- and Pacific-subtype Zika virus (ZIKV) strains compared with a Southeast Asian-subtype ZIKV strain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007387. [PMID: 31170143 PMCID: PMC6553702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the growth properties and virulence in mice of three Zika virus (ZIKV) strains of Asian/American lineage, PRVABC59, ZIKV/Hu/Chiba/S36/2016 (ChibaS36), and ZIKV/Hu/NIID123/2016 (NIID123), belonging to the three distinct subtypes of this lineage. The American-subtype strain, PRVABC59, showed the highest growth potential in vitro, whereas the Southeast Asian-subtype strain, NIID123, showed the lowest proliferative capacity. Moreover, PRVABC59- and NIID123-infected mice showed the highest and lowest viremia levels and infectious virus levels in the testis, respectively, and the rate of damaged testis in PRVABC59-infected mice was higher than in mice infected with the other two strains. Lastly, ZIKV NS1 antigen was detected in the damaged testes of mice infected with PRVABC59 and the Pacific-subtype strain, ChibaS36, at 2 weeks post-inoculation and in the epididymides of PRVABC59-infected mice at 6 weeks post-inoculation. Our results indicate that PRVABC59 and ChibaS36 exhibit increased abilities to grow in vitro and in vivo and to induce testis damage in mice. Zika virus (ZIKV) is classified into two lineages, African and Asian/American. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that Asian/American-lineage ZIKV strains can be divided into three distinct subtypes, the American, Pacific, and Southeast Asian subtypes, presenting several amino acid differences. In this study, we examined the in vitro and in vivo growth of three Asian/American lineage ZIKV strains belonging to the three subtypes. The American-subtype strain and the Southeast Asian-subtype strain exhibited the highest and lowest growth potential in vitro, respectively, and mice infected with these ZIKV strains also showed the highest and lowest viremia levels and infectious virus levels in the testis. Moreover, the rate and extent of testis damage were highest in mice infected with the American-subtype strain. Our results indicate that the American-subtype and Pacific-subtype strains exhibit increased ability to grow in vitro and in vivo and to induce testis damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kawai
- Division of Biosafety Control and Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shibasaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Much work has been done in recent years to determine the vector competence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) for Zika virus (ZIKV). If competent, Ae. albopictus could become an important vector in the spread of ZIKV to areas which until now have been considered safe from the virus. Despite much speculation about Ae. albopictus' competence for ZIKV, there have been, to date, no quantitative syntheses of Ae. albopictus' competence, nor have the potentially confounding differences between studies been addressed. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPLE FINDINGS This study represents a quantitative meta-analysis of the literature surrounding this topic by examining infection rates (IR) and transmission rates (TR) among sample populations of Ae. albopictus at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) across 15 journal articles comprising 23 studies. Our analyses examined potentially confounding variables in the studies contained therein, including: geographic origin of viral strain or mosquito population tested, whether sympatry of the tested viral strain and mosquito population was important, and freshness of blood meal. Our results suggest 1) Ae albopictus is a competent vector for ZIKV and 2) that origin of Ae. albopictus population and origin of viral strain had significant effects on the competence of Ae. albopictus to transmit ZIKV. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate a need to further explore the effects of methodology on vector competence studies and to examine in more detail the geographic variation in the competence of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV as well as the underlying causes of said variation. The ability of Ae. albopictus to carry and transmit ZIKV also points to a need to create new vector control strategies in case of a ZIKV outbreak in an area where Ae. albopictus is prominent. Finally, this study represents a potential template for future meta-analyses in the field of vector competence, where this type of study has been under-utilized despite the abundance of relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. McKenzie
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BM); (SZ)
| | - Alan E. Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BM); (SZ)
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21
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Shaily S, Upadhya A. Zika virus: Molecular responses and tissue tropism in the mammalian host. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2050. [PMID: 31095819 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have raised alarm because of reports of congenital Zika virus syndrome in infants. The virus is also known to cause the debilitating Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. As a result, extensive research has been carried out on the virus over the past few years. To study the molecular responses of viral infectivity in mammals, in vitro two-dimensional and three-dimensional cellular models have been employed. The in vivo models of mouse, pig, chicken, and nonhuman primates are primarily used to investigate the teratogenicity of the virus, to study effects of the virus on specific tissues, and to study the systemic effects of a proposed antiviral agent. The virus exhibits wide tissue tropism in the mammalian host. The major host tissues of viral persistence and propagation are neural tissue, ocular tissue, testicular tissue and placental tissue. An understanding of the function of viral components, viral replication cycle, and the molecular responses elicited in the host tissues is imperative for designing antiviral treatment strategies and for development of vaccines. This review provides an update on ZIKV research models and mammalian host responses with respect to ZIKV tissue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Shaily
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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22
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Beck S, Zhu Z, Oliveira MF, Smith DM, Rich JN, Bernatchez JA, Siqueira-Neto JL. Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate Against Zika Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E338. [PMID: 30974762 PMCID: PMC6521145 DOI: 10.3390/v11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which is associated with microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome, reemerged as a serious public health threat in Latin America in recent years. Previous high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have revealed several potential hit molecules against ZIKV, including methotrexate (MTX), which is clinically used as an anti-cancer chemotherapy and anti-rheumatoid agent. We studied the mechanism of action of MTX against ZIKV in relation to its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in vitro using Vero and human neural stem cells (hNSCs). As expected, an antiviral effect for MTX against ZIKV was observed, showing up to 10-fold decrease in virus titer during MTX treatment. We also observed that addition of leucovorin (a downstream metabolite of DHFR pathway) rescued the ZIKV replication impaired by MTX treatment in ZIKV-infected cells, explaining the antiviral effect of MTX through inhibition of DHFR. We also found that addition of adenosine to ZIKV-infected cells was able to rescue ZIKV replication inhibited by MTX, suggesting that restriction of de novo synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pools suppresses viral replication. These results confirm that the DHFR pathway can be targeted to inhibit replication of ZIKV, similar to other published results showing this effect in related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michelli F Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Iannolo G, Sciuto MR, Cuscino N, Pallini R, Douradinha B, Ricci Vitiani L, De Maria R, Conaldi PG. Zika virus infection induces MiR34c expression in glioblastoma stem cells: new perspectives for brain tumor treatments. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30890698 PMCID: PMC6425033 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with a marked effect on fetal nervous system development. ZIKV treatment has recently been found to also have a benefit against glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The reported data do not completely explain the mechanism beyond this effect. Nevertheless, in the majority of the cases no adverse effect has been found in healthy adult humans. In this study, we characterized the ZIKV infection mechanism on glioblastoma stem cells, which are considered responsible for the tumor progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Moreover, we explain why the action of this virus is directed to the stem cells in the nervous system counterpart. Our results confirm the effectiveness of ZIKV treatment against glioblastoma, indicating novel molecular targets that can be introduced for more powerful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Sciuto
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cuscino
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Regenerative Medicine and Immunology Unit, Ri.MED Foundation at IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Palermo, Italy
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24
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da Silva SR, Cheng F, Huang IC, Jung JU, Gao SJ. Efficiencies and kinetics of infection in different cell types/lines by African and Asian strains of Zika virus. J Med Virol 2019; 91:179-189. [PMID: 30192399 PMCID: PMC6294704 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
After recent outbreaks, Zika virus (ZIKV) was linked to severe neurological diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns. The severities of pathological manifestations have been associated with different ZIKV strains. To better understand the tropism of ZIKV, we infected 10 human and four nonhuman cell lines (types) with two African (IbH30656 and MR766) and two Asian (PRVABC59 and H/FP/2013) ZIKV strains. Cell susceptibility to ZIKV infection was determined by examining viral titers, synthesis of viral proteins, and replication of positive and negative strands of viral genome. Among nonhuman cell lines, only Vero cells were efficiently infected by ZIKV. Among human cell lines, all were permissive to ZIKV infection. However, 293T and HeLa cells showed differential susceptibility towards African strains. In 293T cells, the NS1 protein was expressed at the high level by African strains but was almost not expressed by Asian strains though there was no obvious difference in viral genome replication, suggesting that the differential susceptibility might be controlled at the stage of viral protein translation. This study provides comprehensive results of the permissiveness of different cell types to both African and Asian ZIKV strains, which might help clarify their different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Shou-Jiang Gao, Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Phone: 412-623-1000; Fax: 412-623-3355;
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25
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Martinez Viedma MDP, Pickett BE. Characterizing the Different Effects of Zika Virus Infection in Placenta and Microglia Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110649. [PMID: 30453684 PMCID: PMC6266000 DOI: 10.3390/v10110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neuropathic virus that causes serious neurological abnormalities such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in fetuses, which makes it an important concern for global human health. A catalogue of cells that support ZIKV replication, pathogenesis, and/or the persistence of the virus still remains unknown. Here, we studied the behavior of the virus in human placenta (JEG-3) and human microglia (HMC3) cell lines in order to better understand how different host tissues respond during infection. We quantified the host transcriptional response to ZIKV infection in both types of cells at 24 and 72 h post-infection. A panel of 84 genes that are involved in the innate or adaptive immune responses was used to quantify differential expression in both cell lines. HMC3 cells showed a unique set of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with JEG-3 cells at both time points. Subsequent analysis of these data using modern pathway analysis methods revealed that the TLR7/8 pathway was strongly inhibited in HMC3 cells, while it was activated in JEG-3 cells during virus infection. The disruption of these pathways was subsequently confirmed with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments that characterize their role in the viral life cycle, and may partially explain why ZIKV infection in placental tissue contributes to extreme neurological problems in a developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett E Pickett
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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26
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Nikolay A, Léon A, Schwamborn K, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Process intensification of EB66® cell cultivations leads to high-yield yellow fever and Zika virus production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8725-8737. [PMID: 30091043 PMCID: PMC6153634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A live-attenuated, human vaccine against mosquito-borne yellow fever virus has been available since the 1930s. The vaccine provides long-lasting immunity and consistent mass vaccination campaigns counter viral spread. However, traditional egg-based vaccine manufacturing requires about 12 months and vaccine supplies are chronically close to shortages. In particular, for urban outbreaks, vaccine demand can be covered rarely by global stockpiling. Thus, there is an urgent need for an improved vaccine production platform, ideally transferable to other flaviviruses including Zika virus. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study regarding cell culture-based yellow fever virus 17D (YFV) and wild-type Zika virus (ZIKV) production using duck embryo-derived EB66® cells. Based on comprehensive studies in shake flasks, 1-L bioreactor systems were operated with scalable hollow fiber-based tangential flow filtration (TFF) and alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) perfusion systems for process intensification. EB66® cells grew in chemically defined medium to cell concentrations of 1.6 × 108 cells/mL. Infection studies with EB66®-adapted virus led to maximum YFV titers of 7.3 × 108 PFU/mL, which corresponds to about 10 million vaccine doses for the bioreactor harvest. For ZIKV, titers of 1.0 × 1010 PFU/mL were achieved. Processes were automated successfully using a capacitance probe to control perfusion rates based on on-line measured cell concentrations. The use of cryo-bags for direct inoculation of production bioreactors facilitates pre-culture preparation contributing to improved process robustness. In conclusion, this platform is a powerful option for next generation cell culture-based flavivirus vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikolay
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arnaud Léon
- Valneva SE, 6 rue Alain Bombard, 44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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27
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Abinaya M, Vaseeharan B, Divya M, Vijayakumar S, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Al-Anbr MN, Benelli G. Structural characterization of Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 exopolysaccharide-antimicrobial potential and larvicidal activity on malaria and Zika virus mosquito vectors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18604-18619. [PMID: 29704178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides produced by marine species play a key role in food and cosmetic industry, as they are nontoxic and biodegradable polymers. This investigation reports the isolation of exopolysaccharide from Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 and its biomedical applications. Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 exopolysaccharide (Bl-EPS) was extracted using the ethanol precipitation method and structurally characterized. FTIR and 1H-NMR pointed out the presence of various functional groups and primary aromatic compounds, respectively. Bl-EPS exhibited strong antioxidant potential confirmed via DPPH radical, reducing power and superoxide anion scavenging assays. Microscopic analysis revealed that the antibiofilm activity of Bl-EPS (75 μg/ml) was higher against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria over Gram-positive species (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus). Bl-EPS led to biofilm inhibition against Candida albicans when tested at 75 μg/ml. The hemolytic assay showed low cytotoxicity of Bl-EPS at 5 mg/ml. Besides, Bl-EPS achieved LC50 values < 80 μg/ml against larvae of mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Overall, our findings pointed out the multipurpose bioactivity of Bl-EPS, which deserves further consideration for pharmaceutical, environmental and entomological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Abinaya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India.
| | - Mani Divya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, 612 001, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Anbr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
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28
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Stassen L, Armitage CW, van der Heide DJ, Beagley KW, Frentiu FD. Zika Virus in the Male Reproductive Tract. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040198. [PMID: 29659541 PMCID: PMC5923492 DOI: 10.3390/v10040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are resurging across the globe. Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused significant concern in recent years because it can lead to congenital malformations in babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Unlike other arboviruses, ZIKV can be sexually transmitted and may persist in the male reproductive tract. There is limited information regarding the impact of ZIKV on male reproductive health and fertility. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie persistent ZIKV infections in men is critical to developing effective vaccines and therapies. Mouse and macaque models have begun to unravel the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in the male reproductive tract, with the testes and prostate gland implicated as potential reservoirs for persistent ZIKV infection. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of ZIKV in the male reproductive tract, the development of animal models to study ZIKV infection at this site, and prospects for vaccines and therapeutics against persistent ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel Stassen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Charles W Armitage
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David J van der Heide
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia.
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Willard KA, Demakovsky L, Tesla B, Goodfellow FT, Stice SL, Murdock CC, Brindley MA. Zika Virus Exhibits Lineage-Specific Phenotypes in Cell Culture, in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes, and in an Embryo Model. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120383. [PMID: 29258204 PMCID: PMC5744157 DOI: 10.3390/v9120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has quietly circulated in Africa and Southeast Asia for the past 65 years. However, the recent ZIKV epidemic in the Americas propelled this mosquito-borne virus to the forefront of flavivirus research. Based on historical evidence, ZIKV infections in Africa were sporadic and caused mild symptoms such as fever, skin rash, and general malaise. In contrast, recent Asian-lineage ZIKV infections in the Pacific Islands and the Americas are linked to birth defects and neurological disorders. The aim of this study is to compare replication, pathogenicity, and transmission efficiency of two historic and two contemporary ZIKV isolates in cell culture, the mosquito host, and an embryo model to determine if genetic variation between the African and Asian lineages results in phenotypic differences. While all tested isolates replicated at similar rates in Vero cells, the African isolates displayed more rapid viral replication in the mosquito C6/36 cell line, yet they exhibited poor infection rates in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes compared to the contemporary Asian-lineage isolates. All isolates could infect chicken embryos; however, infection with African isolates resulted in higher embryo mortality than infection with Asian-lineage isolates. These results suggest that genetic variation between ZIKV isolates can significantly alter experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Willard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Leah Demakovsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Blanka Tesla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Forrest T Goodfellow
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Steven L Stice
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Tropical Emerging and Global Diseases, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Riverbasin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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30
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Vicenti I, Boccuto A, Giannini A, Dragoni F, Saladini F, Zazzi M. Comparative analysis of different cell systems for Zika virus (ZIKV) propagation and evaluation of anti-ZIKV compounds in vitro. Virus Res 2017; 244:64-70. [PMID: 29113824 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A strong correlation between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and severe neurological disease in newborns and occasionally adults has emerged in the Brazilian outbreak. Efficient human cell-based assays are required to test candidate inhibitors of ZIKV replication. The aim of this work was to investigate ZIKV propagation and quantification in different cell lines. The human (U87, A549, Huh7), mosquito (C6/36) and monkey (VERO E6) cell lines tested were all permissive to ZIKV infection. When assessed by plaque forming units (PFU) in three different target cell lines, the maximal production of ZIKV was achieved in Huh7 at day 3 post-infection (6.38±0.44 log10PFU/ml). The C6/36 cell line showed a low and slow production of virus when compared with other cell lines. A549 readout cells generated a larger number of plaques compared to Huh7 but not to VERO E6 cells. ZIKV PFU and RNA titers showed the highest correlation when Huh7 and A549 were used as the producer and readout cells, respectively. Also, U87 cells produced ZIKV RNA titers which were highly correlated with PFU independently from the readout cell line. Using the best virus-cell system, sofosbuvir and ribavirin EC50 were 1.2μM and 1.1μM when measured through plaque assay, and 4.2μM and 5.2μM when measured by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. In summary, ZIKV can efficiently infect different human cell lines and rapidly reach peak viral titers. Overall, A549 cells appear to be as efficient as the VERO E6 gold standard for plaque assay allowing the use of human, rather than simian, cells for evaluating candidate anti-ZIKV compounds by the reference assay. The possibility to replace the labor-intensive plaque assay with the more rapid and easy-to-perform qRT-PCR is appealing and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vicenti
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Adele Boccuto
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannini
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Dragoni
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Salinas S, Constant O, Desmetz C, Barthelemy J, Lemaitre JM, Milhavet O, Nagot N, Foulongne V, Perrin FE, Saiz JC, Lecollinet S, Van de Perre P, Simonin Y. Deleterious effect of Usutu virus on human neural cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005913. [PMID: 28873445 PMCID: PMC5600396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the number of emerging Flaviviruses described worldwide has increased considerably. Among them Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are African mosquito-borne viruses that recently emerged. Recently, ZIKV has been intensely studied due to major outbreaks associated with neonatal death and birth defects, as well as neurological symptoms. USUV pathogenesis remains largely unexplored, despite significant human and veterinary associated disorders. Circulation of USUV in Africa was documented more than 50 years ago, and it emerged in Europe two decades ago, causing massive bird mortality. More recently, USUV has been described to be associated with neurological disorders in humans such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis, highlighting USUV as a potential health threat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of USUV to infect neuronal cells. Our results indicate that USUV efficiently infects neurons, astrocytes, microglia and IPSc-derived human neuronal stem cells. When compared to ZIKV, USUV led to a higher infection rate, viral production, as well as stronger cell death and anti-viral response. Our results highlight the need to better characterize the physiopathology related to USUV infection in order to anticipate the potential threat of USUV emergence. Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito-borne virus closely related to West Nile virus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup in the Flavivirus genus. Recently several neurological disorders such as encephalitis, meningitis and meningoencephalitis were associated with USUV-infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The goal of our work was to study the ability of USUV to infect neuronal cells and to characterize the effects of USUV infection in these cells. We have shown that USUV can infect efficiently several neuronal cells (mature neurons, astrocytes, microglia, IPSc-derived human neuronal stem cells (NSCs)). Interestingly, USUV replicates in human astrocytes more efficiently than another mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika virus, reduces cell proliferation and induces strong anti-viral response. Moreover, USUV induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in NSCs. Our results suggest that USUV infection may lead to encephalitis and/or meningoencephalitis via neuronal toxicity and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (SS); (YS)
| | - Orianne Constant
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Desmetz
- BioCommunication en CardioMétabolique (BC2M), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapies, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, U1183, Montpellier, France
- Plateforme CHU SAFE-IPS, Infrastructure Nationale INGESTEM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ollivier Milhavet
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapies, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, U1183, Montpellier, France
- Plateforme CHU SAFE-IPS, Infrastructure Nationale INGESTEM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UPE, Anses Animal Health Laboratory, UMR1161 Virology, INRA, Anses, ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (SS); (YS)
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32
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Göertz GP, Vogels CBF, Geertsema C, Koenraadt CJM, Pijlman GP. Mosquito co-infection with Zika and chikungunya virus allows simultaneous transmission without affecting vector competence of Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005654. [PMID: 28570693 PMCID: PMC5469501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are highly pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses that are currently a serious health burden in the Americas, and elsewhere in the world. ZIKV and CHIKV co-circulate in the same geographical regions and are mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. There is a growing number of case reports of ZIKV and CHIKV co-infections in humans, but it is uncertain whether co-infection occurs via single or multiple mosquito bites. Here we investigate the potential of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to transmit both ZIKV and CHIKV in one bite, and we assess the consequences of co-infection on vector competence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS First, growth curves indicated that co-infection with CHIKV negatively affects ZIKV production in mammalian, but not in mosquito cells. Next, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with ZIKV, CHIKV, or co-infected via an infectious blood meal or intrathoracic injections. Infection and transmission rates, as well as viral titers of positive mosquitoes, were determined at 14 days after blood meal or 7 days after injection. Saliva and bodies of (co-)infected mosquitoes were scored concurrently for the presence of ZIKV and/or CHIKV using a dual-colour immunofluorescence assay. The results show that orally exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are highly competent, with transmission rates of up to 73% for ZIKV, 21% for CHIKV, and 12% of mosquitoes transmitting both viruses in one bite. However, simultaneous oral exposure to both viruses did not change infection and transmission rates compared to exposure to a single virus. Intrathoracic injections indicate that the selected strain of Ae. aegypti has a strong salivary gland barrier for CHIKV, but a less profound barrier for ZIKV. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that Ae. aegypti can transmit both ZIKV and CHIKV via a single bite. Furthermore, co-infection of ZIKV and CHIKV does not influence the vector competence of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel P. Göertz
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B. F. Vogels
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corinne Geertsema
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gorben P. Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a relatively elusive Aedes mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, had been brought into spotlight until recent widespread outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical neuropathies, including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the adult. In this review, we focus on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and trigger neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China.
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34
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Hamel R, Ferraris P, Wichit S, Diop F, Talignani L, Pompon J, Garcia D, Liégeois F, Sall AA, Yssel H, Missé D. African and Asian Zika virus strains differentially induce early antiviral responses in primary human astrocytes. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 49:134-137. [PMID: 28095299 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ZIKA virus (ZIKV) is a newly emerging arbovirus. Since its discovery 60years ago in Uganda, it has spread throughout the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasizing the capacity of ZIKV to spread to non-endemic regions worldwide. Although infection with ZIKV often leads to mild disease, its recent emergence in the Americas has coincided with an increase in adults developing Guillain-Barré syndrome and neurological complications in new-borns, such as congenital microcephaly. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the complications caused by different primary isolates of ZIKV. Here, we report the permissiveness of primary human astrocytes for two clinically relevant, Asian and African ZIKV strains and show that both isolates strongly induce antiviral immune responses in these cells albeit with markedly different kinetics. This study describes for the first time the specific antiviral gene expression in infected primary human astrocytes, the major glial cells within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Hamel
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Fodé Diop
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Talignani
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pompon
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Déborah Garcia
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hans Yssel
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, U1135, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Del Campo M, Feitosa IML, Ribeiro EM, Horovitz DDG, Pessoa ALS, França GVA, García-Alix A, Doriqui MJR, Wanderley HYC, Sanseverino MVT, Neri JICF, Pina-Neto JM, Santos ES, Verçosa I, Cernach MCSP, Medeiros PFV, Kerbage SC, Silva AA, van der Linden V, Martelli CMT, Cordeiro MT, Dhalia R, Vianna FSL, Victora CG, Cavalcanti DP, Schuler-Faccini L. The phenotypic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:841-857. [PMID: 28328129 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In October 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In response, the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics established a task force (SBGM-ZETF) to study the phenotype of infants born with microcephaly due to ZIKV congenital infection and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of this newly recognized teratogen. This study was based on the clinical evaluation and neuroimaging of 83 infants born during the period from July, 2015 to March, 2016 and registered by the SBGM-ZETF. All 83 infants had significant findings on neuroimaging consistent with ZIKV congenital infection and 12 had confirmed ZIKV IgM in CSF. A recognizable phenotype of microcephaly, anomalies of the shape of skull and redundancy of the scalp consistent with the Fetal Brain Disruption Sequence (FBDS) was present in 70% of infants, but was most often subtle. In addition, features consistent with fetal immobility, ranging from dimples (30.1%), distal hand/finger contractures (20.5%), and feet malpositions (15.7%), to generalized arthrogryposis (9.6%), were present in these infants. Some cases had milder microcephaly or even a normal head circumference (HC), and other less distinctive findings. The detailed observation of the dysmorphic and neurologic features in these infants provides insight into the mechanisms and timings of the brain disruption and the sequence of developmental anomalies that may occur after prenatal infection by the ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Del Campo
- Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Ian M L Feitosa
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Dafne D G Horovitz
- Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alfredo García-Alix
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria V T Sanseverino
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - João M Pina-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade de Sao Paolo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Islane Verçosa
- Centro de Aperfeiçoamento Visual Ver a Esperança Renascer/CAVIVER, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mirlene C S P Cernach
- Departamento de Genetica Medica, Universidade Federal de Sao Paolo (UNIFESP), Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André A Silva
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- UNIVATES University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marli T Cordeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dhalia
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S L Vianna
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Genetica Medica, Universidade de Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
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Abstract
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) was isolated approximately 70 years ago, few experimental studies had been published prior to 2016. The recent spread of ZIKV to countries in the Western Hemisphere is associated with reports of microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This has resulted in ZIKV being declared a public health emergency and has greatly accelerated the pace of ZIKV research and discovery. Within a short time period, useful mouse and non-human primate disease models have been established, and pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutics and vaccines has begun. Unexpectedly, ZIKV exhibits a broad tropism and persistence in body tissues and fluids, which contributes to the clinical manifestations and epidemiology that have been observed during the current epidemic. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis, tissue tropism, and the resulting pathology and discuss areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Miner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Murray KO, Gorchakov R, Carlson AR, Berry R, Lai L, Natrajan M, Garcia MN, Correa A, Patel SM, Aagaard K, Mulligan MJ. Prolonged Detection of Zika Virus in Vaginal Secretions and Whole Blood. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:99-101. [PMID: 27748649 PMCID: PMC5176245 DOI: 10.3201/eid2301.161394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Zika virus is an emerging public health crisis. We observed prolonged detection of virus RNA in vaginal mucosal swab specimens and whole blood for a US traveler with acute Zika virus infection who had visited Honduras. These findings advance understanding of Zika virus infection and provide data for additional testing strategies.
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Sapparapu G, Fernandez E, Kose N, Bin Cao, Fox JM, Bombardi RG, Zhao H, Nelson CA, Bryan AL, Barnes T, Davidson E, Mysorekar IU, Fremont DH, Doranz BJ, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Neutralizing human antibodies prevent Zika virus replication and fetal disease in mice. Nature 2016; 540:443-447. [PMID: 27819683 PMCID: PMC5583716 DOI: 10.1038/nature20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that can cause severe disease, including congenital birth defects during pregnancy. To develop candidate therapeutic agents against ZIKV, we isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies from subjects that were previously infected with ZIKV. We show that a subset of antibodies recognize diverse epitopes on the envelope (E) protein and exhibit potent neutralizing activity. One of the most inhibitory antibodies, ZIKV-117, broadly neutralized infection of ZIKV strains corresponding to African and Asian-American lineages. Epitope mapping studies revealed that ZIKV-117 recognized a unique quaternary epitope on the E protein dimer-dimer interface. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ZIKV-117 in pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Monoclonal antibody treatment markedly reduced tissue pathology, placental and fetal infection, and mortality in mice. Thus, neutralizing human antibodies can protect against maternal-fetal transmission, infection and disease, and reveal important determinants for structure-based rational vaccine design efforts.
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MESH Headings
- Africa
- Americas
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Antibody Specificity
- Asia
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Fetal Diseases/immunology
- Fetal Diseases/prevention & control
- Fetal Diseases/virology
- Fetus/immunology
- Fetus/virology
- Humans
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Placenta/immunology
- Placenta/virology
- Pregnancy
- Protein Multimerization
- Survival Rate
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Replication/immunology
- Zika Virus/growth & development
- Zika Virus/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/pathology
- Zika Virus Infection/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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39
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Agbulos DS, Barelli L, Giordano BV, Hunter FF. Zika Virus: Quantification, Propagation, Detection, and Storage. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2016; 43:15D.4.1-15D.4.16. [PMID: 27858969 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, is an arthropod-borne virus that was first discovered from the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947. Recent outbreaks in South America have linked ZIKV to cases of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. With the increased interest in ZIKV, protocols must be established to facilitate proper research. Here we describe the laboratory techniques required to quantify, propagate, and store ZIVK. We also review the proper safety protocol for the handling of ZIKV, which is classified as a Biosafety Level 2 pathogen by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell S Agbulos
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Barelli
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Entomogen Incorporated, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan V Giordano
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fiona F Hunter
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Entomogen Incorporated, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Chan JFW, Yip CCY, Tsang JOL, Tee KM, Cai JP, Chik KKH, Zhu Z, Chan CCS, Choi GKY, Sridhar S, Zhang AJ, Lu G, Chiu K, Lo ACY, Tsao SW, Kok KH, Jin DY, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging Zika virus: implications for disease pathogenesis, non-vector-borne human transmission and animal reservoirs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e93. [PMID: 27553173 PMCID: PMC5034105 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among human-pathogenic flaviviruses by its association with congenital anomalies and trans-placental and sexual human-to-human transmission. Although the pathogenesis of ZIKV-associated neurological complications has been reported in recent studies, key questions on the pathogenesis of the other clinical manifestations, non-vector-borne transmission and potential animal reservoirs of ZIKV remain unanswered. We systematically characterized the differential cell line susceptibility of 18 human and 15 nonhuman cell lines to two ZIKV isolates (human and primate) and dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). Productive ZIKV replication (⩾2 log increase in viral load, ZIKV nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) protein expression and cytopathic effects (CPE)) was found in the placental (JEG-3), neuronal (SF268), muscle (RD), retinal (ARPE19), pulmonary (Hep-2 and HFL), colonic (Caco-2),and hepatic (Huh-7) cell lines. These findings helped to explain the trans-placental transmission and other clinical manifestations of ZIKV. Notably, the prostatic (LNCaP), testicular (833KE) and renal (HEK) cell lines showed increased ZIKV load and/or NS1 protein expression without inducing CPE, suggesting their potential roles in sexual transmission with persistent viral replication at these anatomical sites. Comparatively, none of the placental and genital tract cell lines allowed efficient DENV-2 replication. Among the nonhuman cell lines, nonhuman primate (Vero and LLC-MK2), pig (PK-15), rabbit (RK-13), hamster (BHK21) and chicken (DF-1) cell lines supported productive ZIKV replication. These animal species may be important reservoirs and/or potential animal models for ZIKV. The findings in our study help to explain the viral shedding pattern, transmission and pathogenesis of the rapidly disseminating ZIKV, and are useful for optimizing laboratory diagnostics and studies on the pathogenesis and counter-measures of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kah-Meng Tee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Resarch Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Cheuk-Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Resarch Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Barrows NJ, Campos RK, Powell ST, Prasanth KR, Schott-Lerner G, Soto-Acosta R, Galarza-Muñoz G, McGrath EL, Urrabaz-Garza R, Gao J, Wu P, Menon R, Saade G, Fernandez-Salas I, Rossi SL, Vasilakis N, Routh A, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA. A Screen of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Zika Virus Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:259-70. [PMID: 27476412 PMCID: PMC4993926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently there are no approved vaccines or specific therapies to prevent or treat Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We interrogated a library of FDA-approved drugs for their ability to block infection of human HuH-7 cells by a newly isolated ZIKV strain (ZIKV MEX_I_7). More than 20 out of 774 tested compounds decreased ZIKV infection in our in vitro screening assay. Selected compounds were further validated for inhibition of ZIKV infection in human cervical, placental, and neural stem cell lines, as well as primary human amnion cells. Established anti-flaviviral drugs (e.g., bortezomib and mycophenolic acid) and others that had no previously known antiviral activity (e.g., daptomycin) were identified as inhibitors of ZIKV infection. Several drugs reduced ZIKV infection across multiple cell types. This study identifies drugs that could be tested in clinical studies of ZIKV infection and provides a resource of small molecules to study ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Barrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rafael K Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Steven T Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - K Reddisiva Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Geraldine Schott-Lerner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ruben Soto-Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica L McGrath
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ildefonso Fernandez-Salas
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Publica INSP, 19 Poniente Esquina 4(a) Norte s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, C.P., Mexico
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew Routh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore.
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42
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Chouin-Carneiro T, Vega-Rua A, Vazeille M, Yebakima A, Girod R, Goindin D, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Failloux AB. Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004543. [PMID: 26938868 PMCID: PMC4777396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue-like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe), North America (southern United States), South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia. Methodology/Principal Findings Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC-2014-5132). Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28°±1°C, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25–30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen), heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level. Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densities of human-biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus causing dengue-like symptoms. This virus was commonly detected in Africa and Asia. Since its emergence in Yap Island in Micronesia in 2007, ZIKV reemerged in the South Pacific region in 2013 and ultimately reached the American continent in 2015. The human biting mosquito Aedes aegypti and the less anthropophilic Aedes albopictus have been incriminated as vectors of ZIKV. Our study showed that American populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were able to become infected and disseminate ZIKV within the mosquito general cavity at early days (4, 7) post-infection (dpi). Nevertheless, transmission was unexpectedly low and only detected at 14 dpi. Our findings will help in designing more adapted vector control strategies and limiting the impact of a new emerging threat on human health in the Americas as did the chikungunya in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anubis Vega-Rua
- Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - André Yebakima
- Centre de Démoustication/Collectivité Territoriale de La Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur of French Guiana, Unit of Medical Entomology, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Daniella Goindin
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Environment and Health, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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